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AI and IoT - Exploit the potential for building confidence and security in the use of ICTs
9-12 July 2018 International Conference Centre (CICG), Geneva, Switzerland
©ITU/D.Procofieff
At the National Animal Rights Day event in Edmonton, various people gave speeches promoting the rights of animals to be free from violence and exploitation at the hands of humans.
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Why vegan:
WASHINGTON, DC: National Center for Missing & Exploited (NCMEC) 2022 Hope Gala, Oct. 20, 2022
The National Center for Missing & Exploited Children’s (NCMEC) Hope Gala held on Oct. 20, 2022 at the District Pier at The Wharf, Washington, D.C. The event is a celebration of the inspiring work being done globally to protect children. We recognized leaders in child safety, honor survivors, and remember the families and victims who are still seeking justice and safety. Claire Edkins /NCMEC
Ils l'ont fait ! Un semi-ironman, tous les jours, durant cinq jours d'affilée
Saint-Malo : Géraud Paillot inscrit son nom dans le livre Guinness des records
Ils l'ont fait ! Le Malouin Géraud Paillot et son neurologue Mathieu Vaillant ont battu un record du monde en paratriathlon en enchaînant cinq semi-Ironman pendant cinq jours.
Moment de liesse ce jeudi 1er septembre 2022, devant les remparts de Saint-Malo. Quelques minutes avant 15h, accompagnés de plusieurs cyclistes et coureurs à pied, le Malouin Géraud Paillot et son neurologue Mathieu Vaillant sont arrivés au terme de leur formidable défi : celui d’enchaîner, cinq jours de suite, un semi-Ironman chaque jour.
123 km et 9 heures d’effort chaque jour !
Soit 1,9 km de natation, 90 km de vélo et un semi-marathon (21 km) au quotidien. 123 km et 9 heures d’effort chaque jour ! Un véritable « éverest » à gravir pour Géraud, atteint de la sclérose en plaques depuis 2000.
Malgré la douleur, les deux hommes signent une sacrée performance qui leur permet de décrocher le record mondial du nombre de triathlons longue distance enchaîné sur un minimum de 5 jours. Un exploit qui va leur ouvrir les pages de l’illustre livre Guinness des Records.
Ce record, l’athlète handisport l’a réalisé en grande partie avec son fauteuil de course. Le but pour Géraud n’était pas d’épater la galerie, mais de transmettre, à travers ce projet, une « étincelle », voire un grain de folie douce, à toutes celles et ceux qui souffrent d’une maladie dégénérative.
Géraud et Mathieu ont ainsi voulu montrer « qu’on peut avoir des rêves et les réaliser, et qu’à plusieurs on peut faire des choses incroyables ».
En route pour un record !
Un Malouin s'illustre en ce moment dans les bassins et sur les routes de la région de Saint-Malo. Géraud Paillot est bien parti pour battre le record du nombre de paratriathlons longue distance enchaîné sur un minimum de 5 jours.
Géraud s'est élancé à 6h30 dimanche 28 août avec une équipe d'officiels et de sportifs, à l'assaut de 1 900 m de nage à l'Aquamalo, de 90 km de handbike direction le Mont Saint Michel et de 21 km 0975 de fauteuil de course pour arriver devant la porte Saint-Vincent en milieu d'après-midi.
Presque 9 heures d'effort qu'il renouvelle chaque jour depuis !
Si demain jeudi, l'athlète handisport et son neurologue qui l'accompagne Mathieu Vaillant arrivent à bout de cette 5e journée, ils feront leur entrée dans le Guinness Book des Records !
Evènement solidaire
Tentative de Record du Monde, un Handi et un valide en même temps
Aventure Hustive 5 : tentative de record du monde ’enchaînement de Triathlon, format semi-ironman, un défi inédit et solidaire Innédit : établir en même temps un record du monde en format Handi et en format Valide pour l’enchainement de semi Ironman, 1 par jour pendant 3 jours minimum et 7 jours maximum
Catégorie Guinness book des records :
"Most long-distance (113 km) triathlon races completed on consecutive days (male)“ en valide et en paratriathlon
Objectifs :
– Démontrer que Les seules limites sont celles que l’on s’impose
– Démontrer que Handis-Valides /Soignants-Soignés... La différence et la complémentarité permettent d’atteindre des objectifs incroyables
– Solidaire : achat de matériel handisport pour l’Association Aventure Hustive et don recherche maladie chronique
– Aider des personnes à développer leur résilience en participant à une partie du défi Départ le 28 août 2022 dans la région de St Malo et le Mont Saint-Michel
Organisation de l’événement
Journée Type (Horaires intermédiaires estimés)
– 6H20 Départ natation : Aquamalo
– 7H30 Départ Vélo / Handbike : Aquamalo → Mont Saint Michel
– 10H-10H15 Ravitaillement au Mont Saint Michel (près du barrage) puis départ pour Aquamalo
– 12H45 Arrivée Aquamalo
– 13H15 départ Course à Pied / fauteuil : Aquamalo → Mairie de Saint-Malo
– 15H45-17H Temps de partage, participants, partenaires...
Sécurité
– Natation : accompagnateurs et 1 médecin présent
– Vélo : Motos pour ouverture et fermeture + 1 voiture d’accompagnement et 1 médecin présent
– Course à Pied : vélos pour ouverture et fermeture et 1 médecin présent
Circulation :
– Le départ et la circulation des participants se fait de manière groupé. Il ne s’agit pas d’une course avec classement
– Les règles du code de la route sont respectées
Informations complémentaires :
– Lieu de rendez-vous : Aquamalo, Av. Atalante, 35430 Saint-Jouan-des-Guérets
– Heure rendez-vous : 6H10 le matin à partir du 28 août
– Heure départ course 6H20
– Second numéro de téléphone : Hugues Picard, chargé de la sécurité et organisation /
logistique :
– Parcours vélo et CAP sur slides suivants
Aventure Hustive – Mai 2022
Géraud & Mathieu seront accompagnés sur des tronçons ou journée par des sportifs handis ou valides
Mathieu VAILLANT, 38 ans, neurologue au CHU de Grenoble. Il aime prendre le temps d’observer notre environnent avec sa famille, pour leur faire découvrir la nature et l’importance de la protéger.
Il pratique le sport (Ultra trails, semi & full Ironman, randonnée à pied ou à ski en montagne) dans tous les environnements.
Ses valeurs : bienveillance, partage, dépassement de soi, adaptabilité.
Quelques accompagnants sur un partie des disciplines ou triathlon en entier Handis sportifs qui se rééduquent pour participer au défi, Sportifs Valides Chacun peut participer sur inscription et sur une partie du parcours, pour nous accompagner et vivre de l’intérieur cette extraordinaire aventure de tentative de record du monde. Chacun à sa façon, en vélo (électrique ou non) en courant. Certains peuvent aussi participer en logistique pour faciliter le défi
Géraud PAILLOT, 52 ans, ancien cadre dirigeant. Créateur et Président de l’Association Aventure Hustive. Conférencier, patient expert. Atteint de Sclérose en Plaques depuis 2004, il organise et réalise des défis humains et sportifs engagés (Paris-Marseille en Kayak, Une expédition Arctique pour passer le 80ème parallèle Nord, semi et full Ironman...)
Sa devise : « Fais de ta vie un rêve, et d’un rêve une réalité» A de St Exupéry Vivre tous ensemble un défi engagé, inclusif, participatif et convivial avec 3 niveaux de participation
Saint-Malo. Et de un ! Ils ont commencé à enchaîner les triathlons
Ce dimanche 28 août 2022 marquait la première étape du nouveau défi de l’association Aventure Hustive – humaine et sportive. Le duo qui en est à l’initiative vise un record du monde, mais pas seulement.
« Quelle super première journée ! C’est vraiment un plaisir d’être là ! » À l’arrivée, Géraud Paillot, Mathieu Vaillant et une quinzaine de sportifs les accompagnant savourent les applaudissements et un ravitaillement copieusement agrémenté d’encouragements.
Il est 15 h, ce dimanche 28 août 2022 : le petit groupe n’était pas attendu si tôt et s’est manifestement senti pousser des ailes. Cette énergie collective sera en tout cas bien utile pour relever le nouveau défi que s’est lancé l’association Aventure Hustive (Humaine et sportive). Il s’agit en effet d’enchaîner pendant plusieurs jours – au moins trois – des triathlons en formats handi et valide.
Devant la porte Saint-Vincent, à Saint-Malo (Ille-et-Vilaine), les supporters de l’initiative n’étaient pas les seuls à guetter les athlètes. Une arbitre de la Fédération française de triathlon a stoppé son chronomètre 8 h et 17 minutes après le départ de la première épreuve de la journée, 1, 9 km de natation (à 6 h 30 du matin), dans les couloirs de nage d’AquaMalo. Suivis de 90 km de vélo ou de handbike et plus de 21 km de course à pied ou de fauteuil. Il n’y a plus qu’à recommencer, ce lundi 29 août 2022. La présence de deux arbitres, chaque jour, permettra in fine de valider un record d’un genre encore inédit au Guiness book.
Mais ni Géraud Paillot, qui n’a eu de cesse de se lancer des défis sportifs depuis qu’il s’est vu diagnostiquer une sclérose en plaques, en 2017, ni Mathieu Vaillant, médecin neurologue, n’insistent véritablement sur l’aspect « record » du défi. « On avance ensemble, c’est ça qui compte », résument-ils.
Un bon moyen de sensibilisation
Pour le soignant, cette aventure permet « de voir au-delà de l’aspect traitements, de se confronter au quotidien du patient, d’intégrer d’autres dimensions de son vécu ». Pour sa part, Géraud Paillot se réjouit d’entraîner dans sa roue, des sportifs valides et non valides. « Nous voulons sensibiliser le plus de monde possible, notamment aux handicaps invisibles induits par des maladies chroniques qui ont un impact considérable sur la vie des personnes, mais que les gens ne mesurent pas… »
Sans oublier l’essentiel : « Passer un bon moment. On se sent porté par le collectif, il y a une vraie dynamique. » Il est possible de suivre l’aventure sur la page Facebook de l’association. Pour encourager les athlètes, rien de tel, en revanche, que de venir les applaudir, tous les après-midi, vers 15 h, sur l’esplanade Saint-Vincent.
Saint-Malo. Il va tenter le record du monde d’enchaînements de paratriathlons
Géraud Paillot va s’élancer avec Mathieu Vaillant, médecin neurologue, pour tenter d’établir un double record du monde de triathlon, l’un en format handi et l’autre en format valide. Lors de ce défi, ils vont enchaîner des semi-Ironman entre Saint-Malo et Le Mont-Saint-Michel.
Géraud Paillot aime, comme Boris Cyrulnik, « le sport de petit niveau » et se définit comme « un touriste ».
Un touriste costaud alors, vu les défis qu’il enchaîne avec son association Aventure Hustive (humaine et sportive) : Paris-Marseille en kayak ; une expédition de trois semaines, toujours en kayak, pour atteindre le 80e parallèle ; un triathlon longue distance et un autre XXL. Sans compter les challenges d’un jour ou d’un week-end pour le plaisir du partage, ou l’entraînement.
Un triathlon longue distance par jour
Le prochain ? Tenter le record du monde d’enchaînement de triathlons longue distance en catégorie paratriathlon. « On s’est rendu compte que la catégorie enchaînement du plus grand nombre de triathlons longue distance existait dans le Guinness book pour les valides. Mais pas en paratriathlon. On les a sollicités et on a obtenu la création de cette nouvelle catégorie » , détaille Géraud Paillot. Il dit on, car il ne sera pas seul.
Le malouin s’élancera, le 28 août, avec Mathieu Vaillant, médecin neurologue, pour tenter d’établir un double record du monde de triathlon, l’un en format handi et l’autre en format valide.
Ils seront accompagnés de quelques volontaires pour parcourir, chaque jour, 1,9 km en nageant, 90 km en handbike ou vélo, et 21 km en fauteuil ou en courant.
Mais cette quête du record n’est finalement qu’un prétexte. « Le but de l’association est d’organiser des défis sportifs rassemblant handi et valides, comme soignés et soignants, pour communiquer de manière positive sur les maladies chroniques, le handicap et démontrer que c’est possible. »
« Vivre avec »
Le Malouin ajoute : « Oui, il y a le record mais c’est surtout un moment de partage, un moyen de parler de l’asso qui récolte des fonds pour la recherche et finance des activités pour tous. »
C’est en 2017 qu’il crée cette association. L’année où sa maladie, la sclérose en plaques, l’oblige à arrêter de travailler. « J’ai voulu vivre avec plutôt que de lutter contre la maladie. Je ne voulais pas rester dans mon canapé. »
Une grosse préparation
Depuis, l’aventurier multiplie les défis à la force des bras.Il se prépare à celui-ci depuis plus de six mois et a atteint un pic d’entraînement ce dernier mois. « J’ai enchaîné six jours à faire 2 km de nage, puis six jours à faire 70 km en moyenne de handbike, six jours à faire des semi-marathons en fauteuil. Et je finis par trois triathlons S en trois jours. J’enchaîne ensuite par un mois d’août à base de sorties plaisir. »
C’est aussi dans la tête que ça se joue. « Je travaille beaucoup la préparation mentale. Je fais du yoga tous les jours. C’est un volet hyper important et j’en ai besoin pour me connaître et attendre attentif par rapport à ma maladie. »
Il a aussi pu compter sur Itesoft, « un partenaire qui me suit sur cette cinquième aventure. Mais aussi sur AquaMalo, qui nous ouvre les bassins à 6 h 30, la Ville de Saint-Malo et le département de la Manche. »
Rendez-vous donc dimanche 28 août, à 6 h 30, pour 1,9 km de nage à Aquamalo, 90 km de handbike/vélo en aller-retour jusqu’au Mont-Saint-Michel et un semi avec arrivée à Saint-Malo. Avec l’ambition de l’enchaîner trois jours d’affilée. Au minimum…
Saint-Malo : atteint de sclérose en plaques, il veut battre le record du monde de triathlons
Ce dimanche 28 août, Géraud Paillot, atteint de sclérose en plaque va tenter de battre un record en enchaînant le plus grand nombre de triathlons à Saint-Malo.
Géraud Paillot, 52 ans est atteint de sclérose en plaques depuis 2004. En binôme avec Mathieu Vaillant, neurologue, il va tenter à partir de ce dimanche 28 août d'enchaîner le plus grand nombre de triathlons longue distance et de s'inscrire dans le Guinness book record. Géraud Paillot concoure dans la catégorie handicapé et Mathieu Vaillant en catégorie valide. L'idée est de faire un triathlon par jour pendant un maximum de jours. Le duo a pour ambition de les enchaîner pendant un minimum de trois jours.
Pour Géraud Paillot, le handicap n'empêche pas de participer à des défis sportifs. En 2017, il quitte son travail, sa maladie s'aggrave. Il décide alors de créer l'association Aventure Hustive qui organise des challenges physiques " Je suis allé de Paris à Marseille en kayak en solitaire pendant 55 jours, à la rencontre des malades. Ensuite j'ai monté une expédition dans le grand nord au Spitzberg pour passer le 80e parallèle où on était handi-valide en kayak pendant trois semaines en autonomie complète". Pour la troisième fois, Géraud et Mathieu Vaillant font équipe sur un triathlon longue distance.
" L'idée avec Mathieu c'est de montrer que soignant-soigné, on est dans la même barque, on avance ensemble, on pagaie ensemble et on peut atteindre des choses incroyables".
Sensibiliser aux maladies invisibles
Le but de son association est de sensibiliser le grand public aux maladies invisibles comme la sclérose en plaques. Cette maladie affecte le système nerveux. " Quand vous me voyez, vous ne pouvez pas imaginer que je suis handicapé et pourtant j'ai plein de troubles : des troubles cognitifs, comme la concentration comme des grosses fatigues neurologiques, comme la mémoire". La sclérose en plaque touche 120 000 personnes en France.
Le départ a lieu à 6 h 30 dimanche du matin à la piscine Aquamalo de Saint-Jouan-des-Guérets.
United Nations peacekeepers, police, and civilians work hard to provide security, sanctuary, and peace for the vulnerable people of war-torn South Sudan.
The relationship between the two groups should be one of mutual trust and confidence but, at times, it breaks down when the power imbalance results in local people being subjected to sexual exploitation and abuse by UN personnel.
Appointed by the UN Secretary-General, Jane Connors is the UN’s first Victims’ Rights Advocate (VRA). This puts her at the forefront of efforts to prevent, respond to, and ultimately eliminate sexual exploitation and abuse. Her role ensures that victims are at the center of the UN’s approach.
The Victims’ Rights Advocate is visiting South Sudan to promote the importance of the “no excuses, zero tolerance” approach to UN personnel, whether they are peacekeepers or humanitarian workers. She has also met with victims and local authorities and spent time listening to the concerns of internally displaced people in protection of civilians’ sites.
Globally there were 103 allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse reported against UN peacekeepers last year with four in South Sudan. While the numbers seem low, explained the VRA, this may be because the stigma attached to this kind of behavior makes victims reluctant to report it. That is why it is vital to encouraging reporting so that perpetrators are held accountable.
Jane Connors’ visit to South Sudan’s follows the launch of a new campaign by the UN Mission to build on the “zero tolerance” and “no excuses” stance taken by the Secretary-General. At the recent launch of a new pocket-sized card designed to remind all UN personnel of their responsibility to prevent sexual exploitation and abuse, the Head of the Mission in South Sudan, David Shearer, said there would be “no second chance” for any offenders in the country.
Cette année, plus de 400 participants français et étrangers sont venus salle Wagram (Paris) participer à la Convention SFEN "Exploiter les centrales nucléaires dans la durée"
Ganesha, also spelled Ganesh, and also known as Ganapati and Vinayaka, is a widely worshipped deity in the Hindu pantheon. His image is found throughout India and Nepal. Hindu sects worship him regardless of affiliations. Devotion to Ganesha is widely diffused and extends to Jains, Buddhists, and beyond India.
Although he is known by many attributes, Ganesha's elephant head makes him easy to identify. Ganesha is widely revered as the remover of obstacles, the patron of arts and sciences and the deva of intellect and wisdom. As the god of beginnings, he is honoured at the start of rituals and ceremonies. Ganesha is also invoked as patron of letters and learning during writing sessions. Several texts relate mythological anecdotes associated with his birth and exploits and explain his distinct iconography.
Ganesha emerged as a distinct deity in the 4th and 5th centuries CE, during the Gupta Period, although he inherited traits from Vedic and pre-Vedic precursors. He was formally included among the five primary deities of Smartism (a Hindu denomination) in the 9th century. A sect of devotees called the Ganapatya arose, who identified Ganesha as the supreme deity. The principal scriptures dedicated to Ganesha are the Ganesha Purana, the Mudgala Purana, and the Ganapati Atharvashirsa.
ETYMOLOGY AND OTHER NAMES
Ganesha has been ascribed many other titles and epithets, including Ganapati and Vighneshvara. The Hindu title of respect Shri is often added before his name. One popular way Ganesha is worshipped is by chanting a Ganesha Sahasranama, a litany of "a thousand names of Ganesha". Each name in the sahasranama conveys a different meaning and symbolises a different aspect of Ganesha. At least two different versions of the Ganesha Sahasranama exist; one version is drawn from the Ganesha Purana, a Hindu scripture venerating Ganesha.
The name Ganesha is a Sanskrit compound, joining the words gana, meaning a group, multitude, or categorical system and isha, meaning lord or master. The word gaņa when associated with Ganesha is often taken to refer to the gaņas, a troop of semi-divine beings that form part of the retinue of Shiva. The term more generally means a category, class, community, association, or corporation. Some commentators interpret the name "Lord of the Gaņas" to mean "Lord of Hosts" or "Lord of created categories", such as the elements. Ganapati, a synonym for Ganesha, is a compound composed of gaṇa, meaning "group", and pati, meaning "ruler" or "lord". The Amarakosha, an early Sanskrit lexicon, lists eight synonyms of Ganesha : Vinayaka, Vighnarāja (equivalent to Vighnesha), Dvaimātura (one who has two mothers), Gaṇādhipa (equivalent to Ganapati and Ganesha), Ekadanta (one who has one tusk), Heramba, Lambodara (one who has a pot belly, or, literally, one who has a hanging belly), and Gajanana; having the face of an elephant).
Vinayaka is a common name for Ganesha that appears in the Purāṇas and in Buddhist Tantras. This name is reflected in the naming of the eight famous Ganesha temples in Maharashtra known as the Ashtavinayak (aṣṭavināyaka). The names Vighnesha and Vighneshvara (Lord of Obstacles) refers to his primary function in Hindu theology as the master and remover of obstacles (vighna).
A prominent name for Ganesha in the Tamil language is Pillai. A. K. Narain differentiates these terms by saying that pillai means a "child" while pillaiyar means a "noble child". He adds that the words pallu, pella, and pell in the Dravidian family of languages signify "tooth or tusk", also "elephant tooth or tusk". Anita Raina Thapan notes that the root word pille in the name Pillaiyar might have originally meant "the young of the elephant", because the Pali word pillaka means "a young elephant".
In the Burmese language, Ganesha is known as Maha Peinne, derived from Pali Mahā Wināyaka. The widespread name of Ganesha in Thailand is Phra Phikhanet or Phra Phikhanesuan, both of which are derived from Vara Vighnesha and Vara Vighneshvara respectively, whereas the name Khanet (from Ganesha) is rather rare.
In Sri Lanka, in the North-Central and North Western areas with predominantly Buddhist population, Ganesha is known as Aiyanayaka Deviyo, while in other Singhala Buddhist areas he is known as Gana deviyo.
ICONOGRAPHY
Ganesha is a popular figure in Indian art. Unlike those of some deities, representations of Ganesha show wide variations and distinct patterns changing over time. He may be portrayed standing, dancing, heroically taking action against demons, playing with his family as a boy, sitting down or on an elevated seat, or engaging in a range of contemporary situations.
Ganesha images were prevalent in many parts of India by the 6th century. The 13th century statue pictured is typical of Ganesha statuary from 900–1200, after Ganesha had been well-established as an independent deity with his own sect. This example features some of Ganesha's common iconographic elements. A virtually identical statue has been dated between 973–1200 by Paul Martin-Dubost, and another similar statue is dated c. 12th century by Pratapaditya Pal. Ganesha has the head of an elephant and a big belly. This statue has four arms, which is common in depictions of Ganesha. He holds his own broken tusk in his lower-right hand and holds a delicacy, which he samples with his trunk, in his lower-left hand. The motif of Ganesha turning his trunk sharply to his left to taste a sweet in his lower-left hand is a particularly archaic feature. A more primitive statue in one of the Ellora Caves with this general form has been dated to the 7th century. Details of the other hands are difficult to make out on the statue shown. In the standard configuration, Ganesha typically holds an axe or a goad in one upper arm and a pasha (noose) in the other upper arm.
The influence of this old constellation of iconographic elements can still be seen in contemporary representations of Ganesha. In one modern form, the only variation from these old elements is that the lower-right hand does not hold the broken tusk but is turned towards the viewer in a gesture of protection or fearlessness (abhaya mudra). The same combination of four arms and attributes occurs in statues of Ganesha dancing, which is a very popular theme.
COMMON ATTRIBUTES
Ganesha has been represented with the head of an elephant since the early stages of his appearance in Indian art. Puranic myths provide many explanations for how he got his elephant head. One of his popular forms, Heramba-Ganapati, has five elephant heads, and other less-common variations in the number of heads are known. While some texts say that Ganesha was born with an elephant head, he acquires the head later in most stories. The most recurrent motif in these stories is that Ganesha was created by Parvati using clay to protect her and Shiva beheaded him when Ganesha came between Shiva and Parvati. Shiva then replaced Ganesha's original head with that of an elephant. Details of the battle and where the replacement head came from vary from source to source. Another story says that Ganesha was created directly by Shiva's laughter. Because Shiva considered Ganesha too alluring, he gave him the head of an elephant and a protruding belly.
Ganesha's earliest name was Ekadanta (One Tusked), referring to his single whole tusk, the other being broken. Some of the earliest images of Ganesha show him holding his broken tusk. The importance of this distinctive feature is reflected in the Mudgala Purana, which states that the name of Ganesha's second incarnation is Ekadanta. Ganesha's protruding belly appears as a distinctive attribute in his earliest statuary, which dates to the Gupta period (4th to 6th centuries). This feature is so important that, according to the Mudgala Purana, two different incarnations of Ganesha use names based on it: Lambodara (Pot Belly, or, literally, Hanging Belly) and Mahodara (Great Belly). Both names are Sanskrit compounds describing his belly. The Brahmanda Purana says that Ganesha has the name Lambodara because all the universes (i.e., cosmic eggs) of the past, present, and future are present in him. The number of Ganesha's arms varies; his best-known forms have between two and sixteen arms. Many depictions of Ganesha feature four arms, which is mentioned in Puranic sources and codified as a standard form in some iconographic texts. His earliest images had two arms. Forms with 14 and 20 arms appeared in Central India during the 9th and the 10th centuries. The serpent is a common feature in Ganesha iconography and appears in many forms. According to the Ganesha Purana, Ganesha wrapped the serpent Vasuki around his neck. Other depictions of snakes include use as a sacred thread wrapped around the stomach as a belt, held in a hand, coiled at the ankles, or as a throne. Upon Ganesha's forehead may be a third eye or the Shaivite sectarian mark , which consists of three horizontal lines. The Ganesha Purana prescribes a tilaka mark as well as a crescent moon on the forehead. A distinct form of Ganesha called Bhalachandra includes that iconographic element. Ganesha is often described as red in color. Specific colors are associated with certain forms. Many examples of color associations with specific meditation forms are prescribed in the Sritattvanidhi, a treatise on Hindu iconography. For example, white is associated with his representations as Heramba-Ganapati and Rina-Mochana-Ganapati (Ganapati Who Releases from Bondage). Ekadanta-Ganapati is visualized as blue during meditation in that form.
VAHANAS
The earliest Ganesha images are without a vahana (mount/vehicle). Of the eight incarnations of Ganesha described in the Mudgala Purana, Ganesha uses a mouse (shrew) in five of them, a lion in his incarnation as Vakratunda, a peacock in his incarnation as Vikata, and Shesha, the divine serpent, in his incarnation as Vighnaraja. Mohotkata uses a lion, Mayūreśvara uses a peacock, Dhumraketu uses a horse, and Gajanana uses a mouse, in the four incarnations of Ganesha listed in the Ganesha Purana. Jain depictions of Ganesha show his vahana variously as a mouse, elephant, tortoise, ram, or peacock.
Ganesha is often shown riding on or attended by a mouse, shrew or rat. Martin-Dubost says that the rat began to appear as the principal vehicle in sculptures of Ganesha in central and western India during the 7th century; the rat was always placed close to his feet. The mouse as a mount first appears in written sources in the Matsya Purana and later in the Brahmananda Purana and Ganesha Purana, where Ganesha uses it as his vehicle in his last incarnation. The Ganapati Atharvashirsa includes a meditation verse on Ganesha that describes the mouse appearing on his flag. The names Mūṣakavāhana (mouse-mount) and Ākhuketana (rat-banner) appear in the Ganesha Sahasranama.
The mouse is interpreted in several ways. According to Grimes, "Many, if not most of those who interpret Gaṇapati's mouse, do so negatively; it symbolizes tamoguṇa as well as desire". Along these lines, Michael Wilcockson says it symbolizes those who wish to overcome desires and be less selfish. Krishan notes that the rat is destructive and a menace to crops. The Sanskrit word mūṣaka (mouse) is derived from the root mūṣ (stealing, robbing). It was essential to subdue the rat as a destructive pest, a type of vighna (impediment) that needed to be overcome. According to this theory, showing Ganesha as master of the rat demonstrates his function as Vigneshvara (Lord of Obstacles) and gives evidence of his possible role as a folk grāma-devatā (village deity) who later rose to greater prominence. Martin-Dubost notes a view that the rat is a symbol suggesting that Ganesha, like the rat, penetrates even the most secret places.
ASSOCIATIONS
OBSTACLES
Ganesha is Vighneshvara or Vighnaraja or Vighnaharta (Marathi), the Lord of Obstacles, both of a material and spiritual order. He is popularly worshipped as a remover of obstacles, though traditionally he also places obstacles in the path of those who need to be checked. Paul Courtright says that "his task in the divine scheme of things, his dharma, is to place and remove obstacles. It is his particular territory, the reason for his creation."
Krishan notes that some of Ganesha's names reflect shadings of multiple roles that have evolved over time. Dhavalikar ascribes the quick ascension of Ganesha in the Hindu pantheon, and the emergence of the Ganapatyas, to this shift in emphasis from vighnakartā (obstacle-creator) to vighnahartā (obstacle-averter). However, both functions continue to be vital to his character.
BUDDHI (KNOWLEDGE)
Ganesha is considered to be the Lord of letters and learning. In Sanskrit, the word buddhi is a feminine noun that is variously translated as intelligence, wisdom, or intellect. The concept of buddhi is closely associated with the personality of Ganesha, especially in the Puranic period, when many stories stress his cleverness and love of intelligence. One of Ganesha's names in the Ganesha Purana and the Ganesha Sahasranama is Buddhipriya. This name also appears in a list of 21 names at the end of the Ganesha Sahasranama that Ganesha says are especially important. The word priya can mean "fond of", and in a marital context it can mean "lover" or "husband", so the name may mean either "Fond of Intelligence" or "Buddhi's Husband".
AUM
Ganesha is identified with the Hindu mantra Aum, also spelled Om. The term oṃkārasvarūpa (Aum is his form), when identified with Ganesha, refers to the notion that he personifies the primal sound. The Ganapati Atharvashirsa attests to this association. Chinmayananda translates the relevant passage as follows:
(O Lord Ganapati!) You are (the Trinity) Brahma, Vishnu, and Mahesa. You are Indra. You are fire [Agni] and air [Vāyu]. You are the sun [Sūrya] and the moon [Chandrama]. You are Brahman. You are (the three worlds) Bhuloka [earth], Antariksha-loka [space], and Swargaloka [heaven]. You are Om. (That is to say, You are all this).
Some devotees see similarities between the shape of Ganesha's body in iconography and the shape of Aum in the Devanāgarī and Tamil scripts.
FIRST CHAKRA
According to Kundalini yoga, Ganesha resides in the first chakra, called Muladhara (mūlādhāra). Mula means "original, main"; adhara means "base, foundation". The muladhara chakra is the principle on which the manifestation or outward expansion of primordial Divine Force rests. This association is also attested to in the Ganapati Atharvashirsa. Courtright translates this passage as follows: "[O Ganesha,] You continually dwell in the sacral plexus at the base of the spine [mūlādhāra cakra]." Thus, Ganesha has a permanent abode in every being at the Muladhara. Ganesha holds, supports and guides all other chakras, thereby "governing the forces that propel the wheel of life".
FAMILY AND CONSORTS
Though Ganesha is popularly held to be the son of Shiva and Parvati, the Puranic myths give different versions about his birth. In some he was created by Parvati, in another he was created by Shiva and Parvati, in another he appeared mysteriously and was discovered by Shiva and Parvati or he was born from the elephant headed goddess Malini after she drank Parvati's bath water that had been thrown in the river.
The family includes his brother the war god Kartikeya, who is also called Subramanya, Skanda, Murugan and other names. Regional differences dictate the order of their births. In northern India, Skanda is generally said to be the elder, while in the south, Ganesha is considered the first born. In northern India, Skanda was an important martial deity from about 500 BCE to about 600 CE, when worship of him declined significantly in northern India. As Skanda fell, Ganesha rose. Several stories tell of sibling rivalry between the brothers and may reflect sectarian tensions.
Ganesha's marital status, the subject of considerable scholarly review, varies widely in mythological stories. One pattern of myths identifies Ganesha as an unmarried brahmacari. This view is common in southern India and parts of northern India. Another pattern associates him with the concepts of Buddhi (intellect), Siddhi (spiritual power), and Riddhi (prosperity); these qualities are sometimes personified as goddesses, said to be Ganesha's wives. He also may be shown with a single consort or a nameless servant (Sanskrit: daşi). Another pattern connects Ganesha with the goddess of culture and the arts, Sarasvati or Śarda (particularly in Maharashtra). He is also associated with the goddess of luck and prosperity, Lakshmi. Another pattern, mainly prevalent in the Bengal region, links Ganesha with the banana tree, Kala Bo.
The Shiva Purana says that Ganesha had begotten two sons: Kşema (prosperity) and Lābha (profit). In northern Indian variants of this story, the sons are often said to be Śubha (auspiciouness) and Lābha. The 1975 Hindi film Jai Santoshi Maa shows Ganesha married to Riddhi and Siddhi and having a daughter named Santoshi Ma, the goddess of satisfaction. This story has no Puranic basis, but Anita Raina Thapan and Lawrence Cohen cite Santoshi Ma's cult as evidence of Ganesha's continuing evolution as a popular deity.
WOSHIP AND FESTIVALS
Ganesha is worshipped on many religious and secular occasions; especially at the beginning of ventures such as buying a vehicle or starting a business. K.N. Somayaji says, "there can hardly be a [Hindu] home [in India] which does not house an idol of Ganapati. [..] Ganapati, being the most popular deity in India, is worshipped by almost all castes and in all parts of the country". Devotees believe that if Ganesha is propitiated, he grants success, prosperity and protection against adversity.
Ganesha is a non-sectarian deity, and Hindus of all denominations invoke him at the beginning of prayers, important undertakings, and religious ceremonies. Dancers and musicians, particularly in southern India, begin performances of arts such as the Bharatnatyam dance with a prayer to Ganesha. Mantras such as Om Shri Gaṇeshāya Namah (Om, salutation to the Illustrious Ganesha) are often used. One of the most famous mantras associated with Ganesha is Om Gaṃ Ganapataye Namah (Om, Gaṃ, Salutation to the Lord of Hosts).
Devotees offer Ganesha sweets such as modaka and small sweet balls (laddus). He is often shown carrying a bowl of sweets, called a modakapātra. Because of his identification with the color red, he is often worshipped with red sandalwood paste (raktacandana) or red flowers. Dūrvā grass (Cynodon dactylon) and other materials are also used in his worship.
Festivals associated with Ganesh are Ganesh Chaturthi or Vināyaka chaturthī in the śuklapakṣa (the fourth day of the waxing moon) in the month of bhādrapada (August/September) and the Gaṇeśa jayanti (Gaṇeśa's birthday) celebrated on the cathurthī of the śuklapakṣa (fourth day of the waxing moon) in the month of māgha (January/February)."
GANESH CHATURTI
An annual festival honours Ganesha for ten days, starting on Ganesha Chaturthi, which typically falls in late August or early September. The festival begins with people bringing in clay idols of Ganesha, symbolising Ganesha's visit. The festival culminates on the day of Ananta Chaturdashi, when idols (murtis) of Ganesha are immersed in the most convenient body of water. Some families have a tradition of immersion on the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, or 7th day. In 1893, Lokmanya Tilak transformed this annual Ganesha festival from private family celebrations into a grand public event. He did so "to bridge the gap between the Brahmins and the non-Brahmins and find an appropriate context in which to build a new grassroots unity between them" in his nationalistic strivings against the British in Maharashtra. Because of Ganesha's wide appeal as "the god for Everyman", Tilak chose him as a rallying point for Indian protest against British rule. Tilak was the first to install large public images of Ganesha in pavilions, and he established the practice of submerging all the public images on the tenth day. Today, Hindus across India celebrate the Ganapati festival with great fervour, though it is most popular in the state of Maharashtra. The festival also assumes huge proportions in Mumbai, Pune, and in the surrounding belt of Ashtavinayaka temples.
TEMPLES
In Hindu temples, Ganesha is depicted in various ways: as an acolyte or subordinate deity (pãrśva-devatã); as a deity related to the principal deity (parivāra-devatã); or as the principal deity of the temple (pradhāna), treated similarly as the highest gods of the Hindu pantheon. As the god of transitions, he is placed at the doorway of many Hindu temples to keep out the unworthy, which is analogous to his role as Parvati’s doorkeeper. In addition, several shrines are dedicated to Ganesha himself, of which the Ashtavinayak (lit. "eight Ganesha (shrines)") in Maharashtra are particularly well known. Located within a 100-kilometer radius of the city of Pune, each of these eight shrines celebrates a particular form of Ganapati, complete with its own lore and legend. The eight shrines are: Morgaon, Siddhatek, Pali, Mahad, Theur, Lenyadri, Ozar and Ranjangaon.
There are many other important Ganesha temples at the following locations: Wai in Maharashtra; Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh; Jodhpur, Nagaur and Raipur (Pali) in Rajasthan; Baidyanath in Bihar; Baroda, Dholaka, and Valsad in Gujarat and Dhundiraj Temple in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Prominent Ganesha temples in southern India include the following: Kanipakam in Chittoor; the Jambukeśvara Temple at Tiruchirapalli; at Rameshvaram and Suchindram in Tamil Nadu; at Malliyur, Kottarakara, Pazhavangadi, Kasargod in Kerala, Hampi, and Idagunji in Karnataka; and Bhadrachalam in Andhra Pradesh.
T. A. Gopinatha notes, "Every village however small has its own image of Vighneśvara (Vigneshvara) with or without a temple to house it in. At entrances of villages and forts, below pīpaḹa (Sacred fig) trees [...], in a niche [...] in temples of Viṣṇu (Vishnu) as well as Śiva (Shiva) and also in separate shrines specially constructed in Śiva temples [...]; the figure of Vighneśvara is invariably seen." Ganesha temples have also been built outside of India, including southeast Asia, Nepal (including the four Vinayaka shrines in the Kathmandu valley), and in several western countries.
RISE TO PROMINENCE
FIRST APEARANCE
Ganesha appeared in his classic form as a clearly recognizable deity with well-defined iconographic attributes in the early 4th to 5th centuries. Shanti Lal Nagar says that the earliest known iconic image of Ganesha is in the niche of the Shiva temple at Bhumra, which has been dated to the Gupta period. His independent cult appeared by about the 10th century. Narain summarizes the controversy between devotees and academics regarding the development of Ganesha as follows:
What is inscrutable is the somewhat dramatic appearance of Gaņeśa on the historical scene. His antecedents are not clear. His wide acceptance and popularity, which transcend sectarian and territorial limits, are indeed amazing. On the one hand there is the pious belief of the orthodox devotees in Gaņeśa's Vedic origins and in the Purāṇic explanations contained in the confusing, but nonetheless interesting, mythology. On the other hand there are doubts about the existence of the idea and the icon of this deity" before the fourth to fifth century A.D. ... [I]n my opinion, indeed there is no convincing evidence of the existence of this divinity prior to the fifth century.
POSSIBLE INFLUENCES
Courtright reviews various speculative theories about the early history of Ganesha, including supposed tribal traditions and animal cults, and dismisses all of them in this way:
In the post 600 BC period there is evidence of people and places named after the animal. The motif appears on coins and sculptures.
Thapan's book on the development of Ganesha devotes a chapter to speculations about the role elephants had in early India but concludes that, "although by the second century CE the elephant-headed yakṣa form exists it cannot be presumed to represent Gaṇapati-Vināyaka. There is no evidence of a deity by this name having an elephant or elephant-headed form at this early stage. Gaṇapati-Vināyaka had yet to make his debut."
One theory of the origin of Ganesha is that he gradually came to prominence in connection with the four Vinayakas (Vināyakas). In Hindu mythology, the Vināyakas were a group of four troublesome demons who created obstacles and difficulties but who were easily propitiated. The name Vināyaka is a common name for Ganesha both in the Purāṇas and in Buddhist Tantras. Krishan is one of the academics who accepts this view, stating flatly of Ganesha, "He is a non-vedic god. His origin is to be traced to the four Vināyakas, evil spirits, of the Mānavagŗhyasūtra (7th–4th century BCE) who cause various types of evil and suffering". Depictions of elephant-headed human figures, which some identify with Ganesha, appear in Indian art and coinage as early as the 2nd century. According to Ellawala, the elephant-headed Ganesha as lord of the Ganas was known to the people of Sri Lanka in the early pre-Christian era.
A metal plate depiction of Ganesha had been discovered in 1993, in Iran, it dated back to 1,200 BCE. Another one was discovered much before, in Lorestan Province of Iran.
First Ganesha's terracotta images are from 1st century CE found in Ter, Pal, Verrapuram and Chandraketugarh. These figures are small, with elephant head, two arms, and chubby physique. The earliest Ganesha icons in stone were carved in Mathura during Kushan times (2nd-3rd centuries CE).
VEDIC AND EPIC LITERATURE
The title "Leader of the group" (Sanskrit: gaṇapati) occurs twice in the Rig Veda, but in neither case does it refer to the modern Ganesha. The term appears in RV 2.23.1 as a title for Brahmanaspati, according to commentators. While this verse doubtless refers to Brahmanaspati, it was later adopted for worship of Ganesha and is still used today. In rejecting any claim that this passage is evidence of Ganesha in the Rig Veda, Ludo Rocher says that it "clearly refers to Bṛhaspati—who is the deity of the hymn—and Bṛhaspati only". Equally clearly, the second passage (RV 10.112.9) refers to Indra, who is given the epithet 'gaṇapati', translated "Lord of the companies (of the Maruts)." However, Rocher notes that the more recent Ganapatya literature often quotes the Rigvedic verses to give Vedic respectability to Ganesha .
Two verses in texts belonging to Black Yajurveda, Maitrāyaṇīya Saṃhitā (2.9.1) and Taittirīya Āraṇyaka (10.1), appeal to a deity as "the tusked one" (Dantiḥ), "elephant-faced" (Hastimukha), and "with a curved trunk" (Vakratuņḍa). These names are suggestive of Ganesha, and the 14th century commentator Sayana explicitly establishes this identification. The description of Dantin, possessing a twisted trunk (vakratuṇḍa) and holding a corn-sheaf, a sugar cane, and a club, is so characteristic of the Puranic Ganapati that Heras says "we cannot resist to accept his full identification with this Vedic Dantin". However, Krishan considers these hymns to be post-Vedic additions. Thapan reports that these passages are "generally considered to have been interpolated". Dhavalikar says, "the references to the elephant-headed deity in the Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā have been proven to be very late interpolations, and thus are not very helpful for determining the early formation of the deity".
Ganesha does not appear in Indian epic literature that is dated to the Vedic period. A late interpolation to the epic poem Mahabharata says that the sage Vyasa (Vyāsa) asked Ganesha to serve as his scribe to transcribe the poem as he dictated it to him. Ganesha agreed but only on condition that Vyasa recite the poem uninterrupted, that is, without pausing. The sage agreed, but found that to get any rest he needed to recite very complex passages so Ganesha would have to ask for clarifications. The story is not accepted as part of the original text by the editors of the critical edition of the Mahabharata, in which the twenty-line story is relegated to a footnote in an appendix. The story of Ganesha acting as the scribe occurs in 37 of the 59 manuscripts consulted during preparation of the critical edition. Ganesha's association with mental agility and learning is one reason he is shown as scribe for Vyāsa's dictation of the Mahabharata in this interpolation. Richard L. Brown dates the story to the 8th century, and Moriz Winternitz concludes that it was known as early as c. 900, but it was not added to the Mahabharata some 150 years later. Winternitz also notes that a distinctive feature in South Indian manuscripts of the Mahabharata is their omission of this Ganesha legend. The term vināyaka is found in some recensions of the Śāntiparva and Anuśāsanaparva that are regarded as interpolations. A reference to Vighnakartṛīṇām ("Creator of Obstacles") in Vanaparva is also believed to be an interpolation and does not appear in the critical edition.
PURANIC PERIOD
Stories about Ganesha often occur in the Puranic corpus. Brown notes while the Puranas "defy precise chronological ordering", the more detailed narratives of Ganesha's life are in the late texts, c. 600–1300. Yuvraj Krishan says that the Puranic myths about the birth of Ganesha and how he acquired an elephant's head are in the later Puranas, which were composed from c. 600 onwards. He elaborates on the matter to say that references to Ganesha in the earlier Puranas, such as the Vayu and Brahmanda Puranas, are later interpolations made during the 7th to 10th centuries.
In his survey of Ganesha's rise to prominence in Sanskrit literature, Ludo Rocher notes that:
Above all, one cannot help being struck by the fact that the numerous stories surrounding Gaṇeśa concentrate on an unexpectedly limited number of incidents. These incidents are mainly three: his birth and parenthood, his elephant head, and his single tusk. Other incidents are touched on in the texts, but to a far lesser extent.
Ganesha's rise to prominence was codified in the 9th century, when he was formally included as one of the five primary deities of Smartism. The 9th-century philosopher Adi Shankara popularized the "worship of the five forms" (Panchayatana puja) system among orthodox Brahmins of the Smarta tradition. This worship practice invokes the five deities Ganesha, Vishnu, Shiva, Devi, and Surya. Adi Shankara instituted the tradition primarily to unite the principal deities of these five major sects on an equal status. This formalized the role of Ganesha as a complementary deity.
SCRIPTURES
Once Ganesha was accepted as one of the five principal deities of Brahmanism, some Brahmins (brāhmaṇas) chose to worship Ganesha as their principal deity. They developed the Ganapatya tradition, as seen in the Ganesha Purana and the Mudgala Purana.
The date of composition for the Ganesha Purana and the Mudgala Purana - and their dating relative to one another - has sparked academic debate. Both works were developed over time and contain age-layered strata. Anita Thapan reviews comments about dating and provides her own judgement. "It seems likely that the core of the Ganesha Purana appeared around the twelfth and thirteenth centuries", she says, "but was later interpolated." Lawrence W. Preston considers the most reasonable date for the Ganesha Purana to be between 1100 and 1400, which coincides with the apparent age of the sacred sites mentioned by the text.
R.C. Hazra suggests that the Mudgala Purana is older than the Ganesha Purana, which he dates between 1100 and 1400. However, Phyllis Granoff finds problems with this relative dating and concludes that the Mudgala Purana was the last of the philosophical texts concerned with Ganesha. She bases her reasoning on the fact that, among other internal evidence, the Mudgala Purana specifically mentions the Ganesha Purana as one of the four Puranas (the Brahma, the Brahmanda, the Ganesha, and the Mudgala Puranas) which deal at length with Ganesha. While the kernel of the text must be old, it was interpolated until the 17th and 18th centuries as the worship of Ganapati became more important in certain regions. Another highly regarded scripture, the Ganapati Atharvashirsa, was probably composed during the 16th or 17th centuries.
BEYOND INDIA AND HINDUISM
Commercial and cultural contacts extended India's influence in western and southeast Asia. Ganesha is one of a number of Hindu deities who reached foreign lands as a result.
Ganesha was particularly worshipped by traders and merchants, who went out of India for commercial ventures. From approximately the 10th century onwards, new networks of exchange developed including the formation of trade guilds and a resurgence of money circulation. During this time, Ganesha became the principal deity associated with traders. The earliest inscription invoking Ganesha before any other deity is associated with the merchant community.
Hindus migrated to Maritime Southeast Asia and took their culture, including Ganesha, with them. Statues of Ganesha are found throughout the region, often beside Shiva sanctuaries. The forms of Ganesha found in Hindu art of Java, Bali, and Borneo show specific regional influences. The spread of Hindu culture to southeast Asia established Ganesha in modified forms in Burma, Cambodia, and Thailand. In Indochina, Hinduism and Buddhism were practiced side by side, and mutual influences can be seen in the iconography of Ganesha in the region. In Thailand, Cambodia, and among the Hindu classes of the Chams in Vietnam, Ganesha was mainly thought of as a remover of obstacles. Today in Buddhist Thailand, Ganesha is regarded as a remover of obstacles, the god of success.
Before the arrival of Islam, Afghanistan had close cultural ties with India, and the adoration of both Hindu and Buddhist deities was practiced. Examples of sculptures from the 5th to the 7th centuries have survived, suggesting that the worship of Ganesha was then in vogue in the region.
Ganesha appears in Mahayana Buddhism, not only in the form of the Buddhist god Vināyaka, but also as a Hindu demon form with the same name. His image appears in Buddhist sculptures during the late Gupta period. As the Buddhist god Vināyaka, he is often shown dancing. This form, called Nṛtta Ganapati, was popular in northern India, later adopted in Nepal, and then in Tibet. In Nepal, the Hindu form of Ganesha, known as Heramba, is popular; he has five heads and rides a lion. Tibetan representations of Ganesha show ambivalent views of him. A Tibetan rendering of Ganapati is tshogs bdag. In one Tibetan form, he is shown being trodden under foot by Mahākāla, (Shiva) a popular Tibetan deity. Other depictions show him as the Destroyer of Obstacles, and sometimes dancing. Ganesha appears in China and Japan in forms that show distinct regional character. In northern China, the earliest known stone statue of Ganesha carries an inscription dated to 531. In Japan, where Ganesha is known as Kangiten, the Ganesha cult was first mentioned in 806.
The canonical literature of Jainism does not mention the worship of Ganesha. However, Ganesha is worshipped by most Jains, for whom he appears to have taken over certain functions of Kubera. Jain connections with the trading community support the idea that Jainism took up Ganesha worship as a result of commercial connections. The earliest known Jain Ganesha statue dates to about the 9th century. A 15th-century Jain text lists procedures for the installation of Ganapati images. Images of Ganesha appear in the Jain temples of Rajasthan and Gujarat.
WIKIPEDIA
A march against the exploitation of and racism toward international students in Australia that the governments (both state and federal) continue to allow to exist. International and Australian students from NSW universities (such as Newcastle, UTS, Macquarie, UNSW and Sydney University) rallied together, marching from Sydney University to UTS and on to NSW Parliament House, asking for the government to intervene and change legislation that allows international students to be taken advantage of.
Some basic rights like abolishing the 20-hour work week limit and providing student travel concessions to international students were demanded in chants and songs. At a deeper level though, the protesters are demanding an end to the systematic racism and exploitation of international students, who are increasingly treated more as a means to profit than as students to educate.
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Sunday Express 18 June 2017 page 5 news of exploitation of tragedy for political ends by Corbynism.
In 1985, Jeremy Corbyn wrote: "defeat of the Tory government will be bought about by a series of disputes, of which parliament is only part." (Source of quotation: Socialist Action, 1 February 1985 issue.) At some point, Theresa May will need to read this (which was reprinted by the Conservative party on its 1987 general election campaign poster!) and grasp that she has had 32 years warning of Jeremy Corbyn's style of hijacking tragedies for political manipulation. He is a big mouthed propagandarist, whereas she gets on with her job. But she will have to start deputising more, so she can be seen more to avoid giving Militant Tendency/Socialist Worker/Momentum the ability to turn tragedies into political exploitation. The Sunday Express article goes on to explain that in October 2017, on the hundredth anniversary of the communist seizure of state power for the first time in history (the Russian October 1917 revolution of Lenin), Corbynism is planned to overthrow Britain. :-(
www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/06/16/mustafa-almansur-orga...
Mustafa Almansur: Who is the organiser of the Grenfell Tower protest movement?
Martin Evans, crime correspondent Harry Yorke
16 JUNE 2017 • 10:02PM
The organiser of Friday's Grenfell Tower demonstration, in which protesters stormed Kensington Town Hall, is a Jeremy Corbyn-supporting political activist who was once arrested on suspicion of terrorism offences, The Daily Telegraph can reveal. ... But he is also a slick political campaigner, a vocal supporter of Labour leader Mr Corbyn ... It emerged last night that Mr Mansur, who used to be spokesman for the Finsbury Park Mosque, had been arrested 10 years ago by the Metropolitan Police on suspicion of terrorism offences. He was released without charge and later claimed he had been detained because his fingerprints had been found on a book about improvised explosive devices (IEDs), which belonged to a Bosnian associate. ... He is the vice-chairman of the Association of Multicultural Communities ... After graduating from Queen Mary University in London with a degree in electrical engineering, he took an MSc in Islamic banking and finance at Loughborough University."
WASHINGTON, DC: National Center for Missing & Exploited (NCMEC) 2022 Hope Gala, Oct. 20, 2022
The National Center for Missing & Exploited Children’s (NCMEC) Hope Gala held on Oct. 20, 2022 at the District Pier at The Wharf, Washington, D.C. The event is a celebration of the inspiring work being done globally to protect children. We recognized leaders in child safety, honor survivors, and remember the families and victims who are still seeking justice and safety. Sarah Baker/NCMEC
Bred from a historic 110-year history while carrying out extraordinary exploits on the road and track, the precision engineering and mechanical achievements of the ultra-luxurious 2023 Aston Martin DBX707 SUV allow it to achieve unimaginable feats any owner would be proud of. The uniquely seductive performer races from 0-60 mph in just 3.1 seconds and packs 707 metric British stallions within its Mercedes-AMG sourced 4-liter Twin Turbo V8 engine, which is then paired with a high-performing and faster shifting AMG 9-speed wet clutch automatic transmission.
However, with a complete price tag of $292,586 ($236,000 MSRP), this particular gem is set aside for supreme clientele such as Rick Ross, Drake, and Chrisette Michele, who performed the hit song Aston Martin Music which featured a bevy of AM’s supercars in the video.
Full Review = AutomotiveRhythms.com
21 mai 2016 : Rugby : au bout de l’effort, les Lilloises deviennent championnes de France !
Les joueuses du LMRCV ont réussi un authentique exploit en finale du championnat de France (18-7). Menées au score en milieu de deuxième période, elles sont allées chercher l’essai salvateur, celui qui a fait basculer la finale de leur côté. Les Nordistes sont championnes de France. Et la fête ne fait que commencer...
En finale du championnat de France pour la troisième fois en quatre ans, les « putain de nanas » du LMRCV veulent renverser Montpellier, champion en titre, ce samedi soir à Massy. Les Villeneuvoises ne partent pas favorites. Mais le LMRCV est devenu plus qu’un club… Cinq raisons d’y croire.
Parce que l’équipe a appris. Comme on se retrouve… C’est la troisième fois que le LMRCV retrouve Montpellier, le géant du rugby féminin, en finale du championnat. Les Villeneuvoises se sont inclinées deux fois : en 2013 d’un rien (15-12) ; l’an dernier nettement (17-3), en restant spectatrices. Pas question de reproduire la même erreur : les Nordistes seront ce soir à l’offensive, dans le volume, l’intensité. Cette saison, Montpellier s’est imposé 34-15 chez lui en phase régulière quand le LMRCV a loupé la victoire à la maison (12-12). « C’est donc à notre tour de gagner », clament les sœurs Ménager.
Parce que l’équipe monte en puissance. Montpellier a beau présenter la grosse ossature du XV de France autour de la capitaine Gaëlle Mignot, la formidable impression des demi-finales est venue de Villeneuve-d’Ascq, où le LMRCV a renversé Blagnac-Saint-Orens (34-10) au match retour. Un match d’accomplissement, avec le bon rythme, un rugby complet, libéré, une équipe qui avance et ne s’arrête jamais. C’est forcément revenu aux oreilles des Montpelliéraines.
Parce que les « putain de nanas ».
Autoproclamées les « putain de nanas » grâce aux mots de leurs coaches qu’elles épatent comme au premier jour, les Villeneuvoises ont offert une âme à leur équipe capable de repousser ses limites. Le problème (pour l’adversaire), c’est qu’on ne les connaît pas ces limites.
Parce qu’elles ont faim. Déjà deux échecs en finale, ça suffit. La bande de copines-compétitrices veut un titre, un trophée, une ligne au palmarès.
Parce que Alice. Et puis, il y a Alice Dallery, tombée cet automne, grièvement blessée. Et depuis formidable de courage et de vie. Ses copines ont dit qu’elles se battaient pour elle, qui ne descend plus sur le terrain mais crie plus fort qu’une tribune entière. Alors ce soir, le LMRCV jouera à seize. Et l’arbitre n’y verra que du feu.
Le Lille Métropole Rugby Club Villeneuvois est un club de rugby à XV de Villeneuve-d'Ascq dont l'équipe sénior féminine participe au Championnat de France de rugby à XV féminin.
Issu du Rugby Club Villeneuve d'Ascq, dont l'équipe féminine a vu le jour le 11 novembre 1993, le club a été rebaptisé en 2000 lors de la création du Lille Métropole Rugby Club. L'équipe féminine évolue en première division depuis 1999 et en élite depuis sa victoire au Challenge Armelle Auclair en 2006.
Finaliste du Top8 pour la saison 2014/2015.
Championnes de France pour la saison 2015/2016
The Exploits River is one of four large rivers that drain central Newfoundland. In the historic past, it served as the main route taken by the Beothuk Indians on their travels to the coast for the summer and to the interior for the fall caribou hunt and their winter camps.
This image was taken using a graduated neutral density filter to handle the extreme in tones.
Vue d’une partie des carrières d’exploitation à ciel ouvert des gisements de marbre à Carrare en Italie – Sandrine Vallée
Exploited for human use and on display for human amusement.
Animals have the right to not be treated as property! Go vegan!
They are tearing down a building, quite close to my place, that was occupied by squatters for a while. Their work resulted in a pretty surreal site.
Because of the topic, I chose for hard lines in my final image. (And did my first experiments with hdr and hdr toning.)
Funny fact: while I was shooting, of course many people stared at me and then at the subject, but after that at least 4 people grabbed their phone and started taking pictures themselves. 1 guy who drove by in a car actually turned around and stopped.
I guess we don't get enough cool demolishing sites around here.
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Feedback is very welcome.
🇫🇷 Fr.
● Dimanche 17 décembre 2024 1er jour d’exploitation sur la ligne 1 du métro de Lille sous le nouveau système CBTC de Alstom.
● VAL208 d’origine Siemens équipé d’un PA.VAL (Pilote automatique VAL) puis modifié par Alstom en CBTC version U500. (1er Mondial)
● Cette évolution est un prérequis essentiel au future déploiement des nouvelles rames 52 mètres NMR ( Rame BOA ), qui doubleront la capacité de transport de la ligne 1 pour l’horizon en février 2026.
( VAL208 Longueur : 26 mètres)
CBTC ( Communication based train control )
Description :
Le système CBTC permet l'exploitation d'un système de transport en se basant sur la communication continue des trains avec un ordinateur chargé de la gestion du trafic.
Le système CBTC est décrit par une norme internationale IEEE 1474, définie en 1999. D'après cette norme, les principales caractéristiques d'un CBTC sont :
une localisation précise de la position des trains indépendante des circuits de voie ;
une transmission bi-directionnelle haut débit entre les équipements au sol et les trains ;
un système constitué par des ordinateurs (calculateurs de sécurité) situés à la fois au sol et dans les trains, capables de mettre en œuvre des fonctions de protection automatique des trains (en anglais : Automatic Train Protection ou ATP), ainsi que des fonctions optionnelles d'exploitation automatique des trains (communément appelée « pilotage automatique » ou en anglais : Automatic Train Operation ou ATO) et de supervision automatique des trains (en anglais : Automatic Train Supervision ou ATS).
Un ordinateur central gère les convois circulant sur des lignes situées dans sa zone d'action afin d'obtenir une fluidification du trafic et une réduction de l'intervalle de temps entre deux trains aux heures de pointe.
L'ordinateur central échange différentes informations avec un ordinateur situé à bord de chaque train à l'aide du réseau de communication.
Chaque train calcule en temps réel et communique son statut par radio aux équipements du réseau disposés le long des voies. Ce statut comprend, parmi d'autres informations, sa position exacte, sa vitesse, sa direction et sa distance de freinage minimale.
Les systèmes CBTC de dernière génération sont basés sur le concept de canton mobile déformable, évolution technologique du cantonnement. Ces cantons sont constitués de la partie de voie occupée par le train, incluant une marge de sécurité à l'avant et à l'arrière, et de la distance d'arrêt calculée à tout moment. Ils permettent de diminuer la distance de sécurité entre deux trains consécutifs.
Grâce aux systèmes CBTC, la position de chaque train et sa dynamique sont connues de manière plus précise que par les anciens systèmes de signalisation.
Le CBTC permet ainsi, de resserrer l’intervalle entre les rames, en le limitant à moins de 90 secondes, et par conséquent d’augmenter la capacité d’une ligne, et donc de retarder la mise en œuvre de travaux d’infrastructures beaucoup plus lourds à engager. On cherche continuellement à réduire ce temps, par exemple, Alstom optimise les cadences des nouveaux métros de Lille, avec un train toutes les minutes (solution Urbalis Fluence).
Les systèmes CBTC doivent conserver une haute disponibilité grâce à une architecture ne comprenant pas de point de défaillance unique.
Par sécurité, une deuxième technologie de signalisation peut être prévue pour assurer un niveau de service minimal en cas de perte partielle ou totale du système CBTC.
Les CBTC peuvent être employés pour automatiser un système existant ou bien lors de la construction d'un nouveau système de transport…………
Source :
fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_based_train_control#:....
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● Métro de Lille le VAL.
Le métro de Lille est un système de transport en commun en site propre desservant Lille et son agglomération, dans le département français du Nord. Il a la particularité d'être le premier métro au monde à utiliser la technologie du véhicule automatique léger (VAL), cette technologie étant créée au début des années 1970 au sein de l'Université des sciences et technologies de Lille grâce notamment aux travaux du professeur Robert Gabillard. Le système VAL est ensuite exploité par un consortium mené par Matra qui se charge également des travaux avec le soutien de la communauté urbaine de Lille, alors dirigée par Arthur Notebart. Le métro est finalement inauguré le 25 avril 1983 par le président de la République François Mitterrand…………
Source :
fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tro_de_Lille
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ILEVIA ( Wikipedia )
Ilévia, ou Keolis Lille Métropole (appelé TCC jusqu'en 1994 et Transpole jusqu'en 2019), est une société anonyme créée en 1989 de la fusion des deux entreprises de transport en commun de l'agglomération lilloise. Elle a pour objectif l'exploitation du réseau de transport en commun de voyageurs sur le territoire de la Métropole européenne de Lille.
Ilévia exploite, pour le compte de la Métropole européenne de Lille (MEL), les deux lignes de métro automatique, le tramway du Grand Boulevard, les soixante-dix lignes de bus (dont les douze Lianes, des bus à haut niveau de service), ainsi que les plus de deux-cents stations V'Lille (2200 vélos en libre-service exploités via EFFIA, une filiale de Keolis) de l'agglomération lilloise…….
Source :
fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il%C3%A9via
ILEVIA ( Exploitant ) :
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🇬🇧 GB. UK.
● Sunday, December 17, 2024 1st day of operation on line 1 of the Lille metro under the new Alstom CBTC system.
● VAL208 of Siemens origin equipped with a PA.VAL (VAL automatic pilot) then modified by Alstom in CBTC version U500. (World 1st)
● This development is an essential prerequisite for the future deployment of the new 52-meter NMR trains (BOA trains), which will double the transport capacity of line 1 by February 2026.
(VAL208 Length: 26 meters)
● Communications-based train control
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications-based_train_control
● Lille Metro
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lille_Metro
🇳🇱 NL.
● Zondag 17 december 2024 1e exploitatiedag op lijn 1 van de metro van Rijsel onder het nieuwe Alstom CBTC-systeem.
● VAL208 van Siemens-oorsprong uitgerust met een PA.VAL (VAL automatische piloot) en vervolgens door Alstom aangepast tot CBTC-versie U500. (1e wereld)
● Deze ontwikkeling is een essentiële voorwaarde voor de toekomstige inzet van de nieuwe 52 meter NMR-treinen (BOA-trein), die de transportcapaciteit van lijn 1 tegen februari 2026 zullen verdubbelen.
(VAL208 Lengte: 26 meter)
● Communications-Based Train Control
nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications-Based_Train_Control
● Metro van Rijsel
nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_van_Rijsel
🇩🇪 DE.
● Sonntag, 17. Dezember 2024 1. Betriebstag der Linie 1 der U-Bahn von Lille im neuen Alstom CBTC-System.
● VAL208 von Siemens, ausgestattet mit einem PA.VAL (VAL-Autopilot), dann von Alstom in die CBTC-Version U500 umgebaut. (1. Welt)
● Diese Entwicklung ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für den künftigen Einsatz der neuen 52-Meter-NMR-Züge (BOA-Zug), die die Transportkapazität der Linie 1 bis Februar 2026 verdoppeln werden.
(VAL208 Länge: 26 Meter)
● Communication-Based Train Control
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication-Based_Train_Control
● Métro Lille
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tro_Lille
🇪🇸 ES.
● Domingo 17 de diciembre de 2024 Primer día de funcionamiento de la línea 1 del metro de Lille bajo el nuevo sistema CBTC de Alstom.
● VAL208 de origen Siemens equipado con un PA.VAL (piloto automático VAL) luego modificado por Alstom a CBTC versión U500. (1er mundo)
● Este desarrollo es un requisito previo esencial para el futuro despliegue de los nuevos trenes NMR de 52 metros (tren BOA), que duplicarán la capacidad de transporte de la línea 1 hasta febrero de 2026.
(VAL208 Longitud: 26 metros)
● Sistema CBTC
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_CBTC
● Metro de Lille
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_de_Lille
🇮🇹 IT
● Domenica 17 dicembre 2024 1° giorno di operatività sulla linea 1 della metropolitana di Lille con il nuovo sistema Alstom CBTC.
● VAL208 di origine Siemens dotato di PA.VAL (pilota automatico VAL) poi modificato da Alstom nella versione CBTC U500. (1° Mondo)
● Questo sviluppo è un prerequisito essenziale per il futuro dispiegamento dei nuovi treni NMR da 52 metri (treno BOA), che raddoppieranno la capacità di trasporto della linea 1 entro febbraio 2026.
(VAL208 Lunghezza: 26 metri)
● Communication based train control
it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_based_train_control
● Metropolitana di Lilla
it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitana_di_Lilla
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A march against the exploitation of and racism toward international students in Australia that the governments (both state and federal) continue to allow to exist. International and Australian students from NSW universities (such as Newcastle, UTS, Macquarie, UNSW and Sydney University) rallied together, marching from Sydney University to UTS and on to NSW Parliament House, asking for the government to intervene and change legislation that allows international students to be taken advantage of.
Some basic rights like abolishing the 20-hour work week limit and providing student travel concessions to international students were demanded in chants and songs. At a deeper level though, the protesters are demanding an end to the systematic racism and exploitation of international students, who are increasingly treated more as a means to profit than as students to educate.
Table ronde sur "L'augmentation de la durée d’exploitation des centrales nucléaires en Europe":
Pays-Bas : La seule centrale nucléaire du pays et l’une des plus ancienne du monde, Borssele, a reçu par le gouvernement, puis récemment par la Cours Suprême, l’autorisation d’être exploitée jusqu’en 2032 (soit jusqu’à 60 ans).
Tramways mis en service le 4 décembre 1881
Trolleybus mise en service courant 1940
Compléments des services assurés par des autobus
La ville de Saint-Etienne est bâtie sur un long axe nord-sud sur lequel s'étendent d'interminables communes étirées tout au long d'étroites vallées. La vocation de la région a très tôt été tournée vers l'industrie. La topographie de la vile a déterminé la structure des réseaux de transports. Ainsi, les premiers tramways ont-ils été construits au fond des vallées sur des itinéraires à gros trafic. En complément de ces lignes, d'autres itinéraires ont été desservis vers les collines à partir de cet axe central.En 1883, la Compagnie des Chemins de Fer à Voie Etroite de Saint-Etienne, Firminy, Rive-de-Gier et Extensions (CFVE) fut constituée. Deux lignes de tramways furent mises en chantier, d'une part entre Saint-Etienne et Firminy et, d'autre part, entre Saint-Etienne et Rive-de-Gier. Le 4 décembre 1881, le premier tronçon urbain entre Bellevue et Terrasse, fut mis en service, suivi le 20 mars 1882 par un court prolongement à La Digonnière.Le réseau suburbain fut ensuite achevé et ouvert à l'exploitation le 23 février 1882 vers Firminy, le 1er juillet 1882 entre Saint-Etienne et Saint-Chamond et le 16 novembre suivant entre Saint-Chamond et Rive-de-Gier. Toutes les lignes étaient construites à voie métrique, unique avec des évitements.L'exploitation était assurée par des train à vapeur comportant trois ou quatre voitures. Le parc comportait en 1884, 34 locomotives Winterthur, Brown ou Tubize, 97 voitures et 12 fourgons.
En 1907, les CFVE procédèrent à des extensions de leur réseau :la ligne de Rive-de-Gier est prolongée de 2 km vers La Madeleine, le 14 septembre 1907 ;
un embranchement de la ligne est mis en service vers Saint-Jean-Bonnefond, le 4 décembre 1907 ;
la ligne de Firminy est envoyée vers Pertuiset, sur 4 km supplémentaires, le 18 juin 1907.
Toujours en 1907, deux nouvelles lignes furent construites, l'une vers La Fouillouse, sur 7 km ; l'autre vers Saint-Genest-Lerpt (12 avril et 4 décembre 1907). Enfin, un embranchement de cette dernière ligne vers Riche-la-Molière fut mis en service le 15 avril 1908.Mais à la fin du XIX° siècle, une nouvelle compagnie stéphanoise était apparue : la Compagnie des Tramways Eletriques de Saint-Etienne (TE). Le 7 avril 1897, elle mit en service deux lignes à voie métrique reliant Bellevue et La Rivière à la Gare de Châteaucreux et le Rond-Point au Marais. Les deux lignes, parallèles à celles des CFVE, les concurrençaient directement. En 1906, les TE mirent en service une nouvelle ligne entre Châteaucreux et l'Hôtel de Ville. L'exploitation était assurée par des motrices électriques à deux essieux, de construction assez sommaire, avec un accès frontal par les plates-formes. Leur gabarit en largeur était limité à 1,87 m. En plus des CFVE et des TE, la Société des Tramways Electriques de Saint-Chamond (TSC) mit en service, le 1er juillet 1906, une petite ligne de 2 km, entre Izieux et saint-Chamond, en correspondance avec la ligne CFVE de Rive-de-Gier. L'exploitation était assurée par de petites motrices à deux essieux.Devant la concurrence de ces deux nouvelles compagnies, les CFVE modernisèrent leur propre réseau. La totalité des services furent électrifiés entre août 1907 et juin 1914. Une série de lourdes motrices à essieux radiants, de type H assurèrent dès lors l'exploitation. Elles tractaient les anciennes remorques des trains vapeur. Les motrices étaient équipées du frein à air mais ne possédaient pas de compresseur : les réservoirs étaient remplis à chaque terminus à l'aide de prise d'air comprimé. Ce système restera une particularité stéphanoise jusqu'à l'arrivée des PCC, en 1959. Après la première guerre, les CFVE complétèrent leur parc par du matériel d'occasion provenant de Nancy (type R). A partir de 1920, les TE rencontrèrent de graves difficultés financières et tombèrent en faillite en 1930. Leurs lignes furent alors reprises par les CFVE. Mais la concurrence des autocars qui commencaient à apparaître, provoqua des difficultés importantes aux CFVE. Ces derniers abandonnèrent alors les lignes interurbaines vers Rive-de-Gier, Saint-Jean-Bonnefonds, La Fouillouse et Saint-Genest-Lerpt. En contrepartie, les CFVE obtinrent le monopole sur les lignes de Firminy et de Terrenoire. En 1935-38, une nouvelle série de 8 motrice de type J furent construites neuves et mises en service. Parallèlement quelques morices H furent modernisées. Enfin, en 1941, une petite série de 10 nouvelles motrices de type K fut mise en service. Mais le tracé défecteux des lignes des anciens TE provoqua une première mise sur route en 1938. Dès lors, il fut envisagé de convertir une partie du réseau pour l'exploitation par trolleybus. Dès 1940, les CFVE avaient entamé la transformation de tout l'ancien réseau des TE. A la fin de 1940, la ligne Tardy - Le Soleil vit appraître 6 trolleybus Vétra CS35 prévus à l'origine pour le réseau de Poitiers. A la fin de 1942, 7 Vétra CS45 de 45 places remplacent les CS35 qui furent envoyé à Poitiers.
En 1947, 22 trolleybus de type CS60 remplacèrent les tramways sur la ligne de Bellevue à Firminy. De décembre 1947 à 1954, 6 trolleybus VBD, 40 VCR et 50 ELR furent mis en service sur les anciennes lignes de TE dont les derniers tramways disparurent en 1949.
En 1954, seule la ligne de Bellevue à Terrasse restait exploitée par tramways. Bien qu'envisagée, sa conversion en trolleybus ou autobus paraissait impossible ; son important trafic (70 à 80.000 voyageurs par jour) et son tracé dans des rues étroites, rendait quasi impossible une exploitation par véhicule routier.
Après quelques années d'hésitation, la Ville de Saint-Etienne accepta le maintien des traways dans le centre - cas unique en France - et les CFVE passèrent commande de 30 motrices PCC de conception belge et construites à Strasbourg. Ces remarquables motrices étaient calquées pour la voie métrique sur celles circulant depuis 1951 à Bruxelles. Montées sur deux ogies à roues élastiques, elles comportaient quatre moteurs de 50 CV. Le confort intérieur était particulièrement soigné. Chaque motrice présente une caisse de 13,95 m de long.
En complément, les voies de la ligne furent réaménagée afin de permettre aux tramways de circuler sans être gênés par la circulation automobile.
La première motrice PCC fut livrée le 4 août 1958 et mise en service le 11 décembre suivant. Le 1er septembre 1959, le dernier tramway ancien fut retiré du service. Le succès fut complet : les critiques à l'encontre des anciens tramways s'évaporèrent et les Stéphanois pouvaient s'ennorgueillir de posséder la ligne urbaine la plus moderne de France.
En 1967, les CFVE commandèrent une nouvelle série de 5 motrices PCC articulées afin de renforcer la capacité de la ligne dont le tafic augmentait.
Parallèlement, le parc de trolleybus s'étoffa entre 1960 et 1970, de plusieurs séries de voitures Berliet ELR provenant de Nice et de quelques VA3B2 de Marseille. En 1972, le parc comprenait 35 motrices de tramways, 105 trolleybus et 80 autobus.
Contrairement à ce qui se rencontrait alors en France, le réseau de Saint-Etienne avait su conserver un grande qualité de service et une attractivité qui en faisait un des réseaux les plus efficaces. Cas rare, les CFVE réussissaient à maintenir l'équilibre de leurs comptes ...
Voir aussi :
les tramways de Saint-Etienne dans les années cinquante
le renouveau des tramways de Saint-Etienne
les trolleybus de Saint-Etienne
140 ans de tramway à Saint-Etienne – un record de longévité inégalé en France www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gv6hWmCaLq8&feature=emb_imp_woyt - 1881 – 2021. Cela fait 140 ans que le tramway circule à Saint-Étienne sans discontinuité. À travers ce record de longévité inégalé en France pour un tramway intramuros, c’est aussi des milliers d’hommes et de femmes qui se sont succédés pour assurer au quotidien le déplacement de plusieurs milliards de voyageurs.
140 ans jour pour jour après le lancement de son premier tramway, la Société de Transport de l’Agglomération Stéphanoise et Saint-Étienne Métropole ont décidé de célébrer l’événement comme il se doit.
La journée à débuté par la sortie de la motrice J74 du dépôt de la STAS qui a repris du service pour 200 heureux voyageurs, qui, tirés au sort parmi près de 1000 inscrits, pourront circuler à bord de cette motrice emblématique toute la journée entre les stations. Terrasse et Bellevue, tronçon historique du réseau exploité dès 1881 ! Les locomotives à vapeur du réseau CFVE (Chemin de Fer à Voie Etroite) 1881 – 1914
Rue Gambetta sur la ligne Terrasse-Bellevue: En décembre 1881 pour l’ouverture de la ligne; le service est limité à un tram toutes les 1/2 heures pour que les stéphanois s’habituent à la présence des tramways.
C’est en 1981 que le nom STAS apparait pour la première fois, remplaçant la CFVE.
Quatre murs et un toit 1953 - Le Corbusier, l'architecte du bonheur 1957 conceptions architecturales le modulor, l'architecture de la ville radieuse, Chandigarh, Marseille, Nantes www.dailymotion.com/video/xw8prl Un documentaire consacré aux conceptions architecturales et urbanistiques de Le Corbusier.
Exposées par l'architecte lui-même et étayées par des plans, dessins et images de ses réalisations en France et à l'étranger, ces théories témoignent d'une réflexion approfondie et originale sur la ville et sa nécessaire adaptation à la vie moderne, notamment Paris dont l'aménagement révolutionnaire rêvé par Le Corbusier est ici exposé. Un classique du documentaire.
Les premiers projets de Le Corbusier resteront à l'état de maquette : le plan de modernisation de la ville d'Alger. Certains seront réalisés par d'autres architectes : ministère de l'éducation à Rio de Janeiro, Palais de l'ONU à New York. Dès l'après-guerre en moins de 10 ans, Le Corbusier réalise de grandes unités d'habitation à Marseille, Nantes une chapelle à Ronchamps, une usine à Saint-Dié, une ville Chandigarh en Inde. Par des schémas, l'architecte présente sa théorie de la "ville radieuse", le modulor clef mathématique de son œuvre ainsi que son projet de réorganisation de la campagne, des cités industrielles et urbaine en un regroupement autour d'un système coopératif. Le film expose les conceptions architecturales de Le Corbusier, dans la ligne des précurseurs de l'architecture moderne comme Claude-Nicolas Ledoux. Paris et le désert français 1957 réalisation : Roger Leenhardt et Sydney Jezequel, résoudre le déséquilibre démographique ville campagne www.dailymotion.com/video/x177lrp Film réalisé par Roger Leenhardt et Sydney Jezequel en 1957, d'après le livre de Jean-François Gravier. Document d'information général proposant les solutions de l'époque pour éviter la désertification des campagnes et la folie concentrationnaire des villes. Dès 1957, la désertification des campagnes prend des proportions tragiques. L'exemple est donné pour le village de Gourdon dans le Quercy.
Quelles évolutions proposer pour éviter l'exode rural et le développement anarchique, qui s'amorce, des villes champignons, construites en plein champ sans urbanisme et sans âme ? Le commentaire propose les solutions de l'époque : modernisation de l'agriculture, adaptation de l'artisanat, implantations d'industries dans les provinces. Gazoducs dans le sud-ouest, barrage en Haute-Savoie, polder en Bretagne semblaient à l'époque pouvoir résoudre le déséquilibre ville campagne. Visages de la France 1957 Production - réalisation Atlantic-Film Marcel de Hubsch www.dailymotion.com/video/x19g59p Le film commence avec des vues de villages et d'architecture traditionnelle du Pays Basque, des Landes, de la Touraine, de la Normandie, de la Bretagne, d'Alsace. La voix off s'interroge : faut il transformer la France en un musée de ses vieilles demeures ? et poursuit : pourquoi des maisons de 10 à 15 mètres de hauteur à Honfleur n'ont elles que 3 à 5 mètres de large ? Le commentaire se pose la question du nombre de maisons individuelles dans les villes qui entrainent l'étalement urbain. Lorsque les villes ont bâtit des immeubles, le commentaire se demande que cachent ces façades ? Des coures étroites que le soleil ne visite jamais, un enchevêtrement inouï de constructions hétéroclites. L'époque de grande prospérité de la troisième république n'a rien su construire de grand poursuit la voix off. Ce document nous propose ensuite une animation de maquette pour l'aménagement d'une friche. Dans un premier temps à la façon d'avant avec la maison individuelle. La voix off s'exclame : ce n'est pas autrement que d'affreuses banlieues naquirent que tant de villes furent à jamais enlaidies, essayons autre chose. L'animation se met à empiler les maisons individuelles et propose des bâtiments collectifs dans des jardins. Le commentaire poursuit : maintenant c'est l'heure de l'urbaniste à lui de répartir les constructions dans la cité. Plusieurs organisation de logements collectifs sont proposées en maquettes. La voix off pointe les défauts d'un urbanisme des grands ensemble trop ennuyeux. Puis une solution émerge de l'animation : pour que la cité vive il faut mettre au place d'honneur école, dispensaire, bibliothèque, salle de réunion, puis viennent les deux pièces maîtresse deux grands immeubles puis les rues se glissent dans la composition et enfin les pelouse et les jardins apparaissent et voila conclue le commentaire. Le film montre ensuite de réalisation de grands ensemble et on entre dans un immeuble au sein d'une famille : air et lumière sont au rendes-vous. On voit des enfants faire du patin à roulette dans le parc de l'immeuble la voix off annonce : finit l'individualisme renfrogné de l'échoppe d'antan : la cité tout entière est un jardin, les jeux d'enfants se mêlent aux fleurs. Le film se termine sur des vues de réalisation de grands ensemble sur toute la France (vue entre autre de la cité radieuse de Le Corbusier à Marseille). Production Films Caravelle MRU (ministère de la reconstruction et de l'urbanisme) Scenario et réalisation : Pierre JaLLAUD
In 1981, I discovered photography. One of my first assignments in my photography class was to keep a photo journal for a day. My punk sister lived in this punk converted warehouse with her punk friends, at 13th and Arch Streets. Her life and home were very photo-worthy; I visited one day in March 1981 and took a roll of film. That day, some members of the band "Sadistic Exploits" were hanging out on the roof of her building, perhaps for their own photo shoot, and I took some photos as well.
There's a building in the background where only part of the sign is visible; it reads "Hard." Hard what? I think that's 13th Street. And the building on the left is the Gilbert Building.
I took these pictures with my mother's Asahi Pentax Spotmatic, which I appropriated for about 3 years, until I got my own camera.
© 1981 ellenmc
Extrait du billet "Quand un élève exploite un blogue" : www.francoisguite.com/2007/05/quand-un-eleve-exploite-un-...
On arrival, both locomotives will pose for photographs in a unique line up beside our own newly restored and operational 4079 “Pendennis Castle” and cosmetically restored 5051 “Drysllwyn Castle”. Following the line up, the two visiting locomotives will be turned and take coal and water before heading off back home.
2023 marks an important anniversary in the history of the Great Western Railway. 100 years ago, No. 4073 Caerphilly Castle was completed and put into service. This marked the beginning of what is considered by many as the most successful Express Passenger steam locomotives the UK ever produced - the Castle Class.
To celebrate this, Didcot Railway Centre in partnership with Vintage Trains at Tyseley, are working to bring you two very special events. We will bring together four restored Castles in one place. At Didcot we will see 4079 Pendennis Castle and 5051 Drysllwyn Castle alongside Tyseley’s 5043 Earl of Mount Edgcumbe and 7029 Clun Castle for a few hours on Saturday 4th March. In return, Pendennis Castle will make a visit to Tyseley later in the year and be displayed on an open day. To have all four together in one place on the same day is an amazing achievement. Join us in March to help us celebrate this very rare event.
7029 – Clun Castle, is a relative newcomer to mainline steam having been built in 1950 by British Railways to the famous Great Western Railway Castle class design. She took the record for the shortest timed point to point journey from Plymouth to Bristol in 1964 from the previous record holder, City of Truro. This epic run by the last of her class in every day service ensured 7029's preservation and she came to Tyseley to begin a distinguished second career in preservation.
5043 – Earl of Mount Edgcumbe, is Vintage Trains' second member of the Castle Class, but unlike the others was built in 1936 and so is an authentic GWR locomotive, named after one of the directors of the GWR. When first withdrawn from service, she was consigned to Barry Scrapyard but found too good to destroy. Tyseley Locomotive Works rebuilt 5043 to exacting standards and she has run far and wide for Vintage Trains, including unfamiliar territory such as Stirling and Edinburgh in Scotland. 5043 is back in action after returning to Steam in the second half of 2021 after a 10 year boiler overhaul.
4079 – Pendennis Castle, was the seventh of 171 Castles built and was completed at Swindon in February 1924. On the 2nd April 2022, ‘Pendennis Castle’ was launched back into traffic following a 20+ year overhaul. Since then, she has won a number of awards for both the restoration and her service history. She will be having a couple of holidays to other Railways this year so stay tuned for her various exploits!
5051 – Drysllwyn Castle/ Earl Bathurst, was built at Swindon in May 1936. She was renamed ‘Earl Bathurst’ in August 1937 and carried that name for the rest of her GWR and BR life. Both names are regularly used on the locomotive at Didcot. She was rescued by a Society member and brought to Didcot in February 1970. She then ran many main line specials between (in the early years with Didcot's vintage train) until 1986 when the main line ticket ran out. The engine then ran at Didcot until the boiler certificate ran out in 1990. Following a second overhaul she was returned to service, and enjoyed runs out on the mainline once more, and visits to other preserved railways as well as Didcot duties. In 2008 the latest boiler certificate expired and the locomotive is now on static display until such time as a further overhaul can take place.
July 20, 2016--New York City-- Governor Andrew M. Cuomo announced that the Task Force to Combat Worker Exploitation has directed 1,547 businesses to pay nearly $4 million in back wages and damages to more than 7,500 workers since its inception in July 2015. The Governor also announced several initiatives to improve worker health and safety, including a multi-agency investigation into the exploitation of dry cleaning workers and a coordinated effort to ban harmful chemicals, such as perchlorethylene (PERC), that are commonly used in the industry. Additionally, the state will launch a new $5 million grant program and RFP for non-profit organizations to expand services to help exploited workers. (Don Pollard/Office of the Governor)
Exploitant : Transdev TVO
Réseau : R'Bus (Argenteuil)
Ligne : 34
Lieu : Pont de Bezons (Bezons, F-95)
Lien TC Infos : tc-infos.fr/id/37730
Letter to the UN Human Rights &
This is a revolutionary epoch.
Across the globe men are revolting against old systems of exploitation and oppression and the wounds of a frail world new systems of justice and equality are being born.
The wretched of the earth rise up like never before. Those who lived in darkness have seen a great light. We, the West must support these revolutions.
It is sad to realize that due to conformism, complacency, a morbid fear of communism and our proneness to adjust to injustice, the Western nations that led to the revolutionary spirit of the modern world have now become the bastion of anti-revolutionary.
This led many to believe that Marxism has the revolutionary spirit.
Therefore, communism is a verdict against our failure to make democracy a reality and faithful follow the revolutions we initiated. Our only hope today lies in our ability to take up the revolutionary spirit and go out into a world often hostile declaring eternal hostility to poverty, racism, militarism.
With this strong commitment, boldly defy the status and unfair practices, and so anteciparemos the day "when every valley shall be alteado and the whole hill, down, that the plan will be rough and crooked, right."
A genuine revolution of values means in the final analysis that our loyalties must become more ecumenical. Ages must now develop a supreme loyalty to mankind as a whole, in order to preserve the best of each particular society.
This called for a universal fellowship that lifts up the fraternal respect of tribes, races, classes and nations is in reality a call for humanity to experience an all-embracing and unconditional love. This concept often misunderstood, so often misunderstood, so readily dismissed by the Nazis of the world as a weak and cowardly force, around now an absolute necessity for the survival of mankind on our planet. When I speak of love I am not speaking of some sentimental and weak response. I'm not talking about a force that is just a silly sentimental.
I'm talking about a force that all great religions have taken as the supreme unifying principle of life. Love is somehow the key that opens the door to ultimate reality.This belief Hindu-Moslem-Christian-Jewish-Buddhist about ultimate reality is beautifully summed up in the first letter of John :-) "Let us love each other-we, for God is love. It is he who loves is born of God and known by Him.
He that loveth not knoweth not God, for God is love ... If we love one another, God dwelleth in us and His love is perfected in us. "No longer will we worship the god of hate or bow before the altar of retaliation. The oceans of history are made turbulent by the ever-growing tide of resentment. History is cluttered with wrecks of nations and individuals who followed the path of self-destructive hatred. Love is the force that is responsible for final choice redemptive life and good against the destructive choice of death and evil. Therefore, in our list of esperença, the first must be that love has the last word.
Now let's face the fact, my brothers and sisters, that tomorrow is today.
Defrantamos us with the fierce urgency of now. In this mysterious enigma of life and history, sometimes it's too late.
Procrastination is a thief of time.
Life often paralyzes us and we were poor, naked and slaughtered before a missed opportunity. The tide in the affairs of men does not remain in the flow-it ebbs ... We may cry out desperately for time to pause to its passage, but time is adamant to every strict and keeps running. On the ruins and debris piles of numerous civilizations are the pathetic words: "Too late." There is an invisible book of life that faithfully records our vigilance or our neglect.
We still have a choice today: nonviolent coexistence or violent annihilation.
We must move from indecision to action.
We must find new ways to speak for peace in the world and justice throughout the developing world, a world that does not make borders. Unless we act, we certainly dragged through the long dark and shameful corridors of time reserved for those who possess power without compassion, without morality and strength without sight.
Let's start now!
We re-dedicate the long and bitter but beautiful struggle for a New World.
This is called the sons of God and our brothers eagerly await our response. We say that the difficulties are too great? We say that the struggle is too hard? We need to explain the forces of American life as well as Europe conspire to keep our dreams come true.
The choice is ours, and though perhaps wish it were different, we must make our choice at this crucial moment in human history. Every man or nation has to decide one day. Between the false and true, if the good or evil allies.
If we make the right choice, we can transform the cries dessomantes of our world into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. If we make the right choice, we will be able to anticipate the day around the world, where justice will flow like water, and the result will be a powerful current.
So we were repeatedly confronted with the cruel irony of watching television for young blacks and whites to die side by side.
I could not mute before such cruel manipulation of the poor.
"Oh, yes, I speak with clarity!
America and Israel has never been to me, America or Israel.
The nation can not be saved while destroying the deepest hopes of men around the world.
Above the call of race, nation or creed, I recognize the fatherhood of God and brotherhood among men.
Since I believe that the Father is deeply compromised, especially with their children who suffer without help and protection, come on their behalf.
I think this is the privilege and the burden of all of us who consider ourselves bound by fidelity and loyalty which are larger and deeper than nationalism and which go beyond the objectives and positions of the self called United. We are called to speak for the weak, for the voiceless, for victims of the nation, for our brothers in the Middle East and Africar, for no document written by human hands can prevent these men are our brothers and sisters. I speak for them is to explain this lack of confidence in Western words, and especially their disbelief in the current American intentions in the Middle East and Africar. While we're on the side of wealth and security, we create hell for the poor. Perhaps only his sense of humor and irony can save them when he hears the most powerful nation in the world speaking of aggression as a spawning millions of bombs on the weak and poor nations of the Middle East and Africar. Somehow this madness must cease.It must end now.
I speak as a child of God and brothers and sisters of the poor sufferers in the world.
I speak for those whose lands are being destroyed, whose culture is being subverted.
I speak for the poor of the world are paying double, with the hopes crushed in their homes and the death and corruption in the world.
I speak as a citizen of the world on behalf of the world is horrified by the way we choose. Each new day of war, hatred grows in the hearts of men on earth and in the hearts of those with humanitarian intent.
"Americans like the Europeans and Israelis are forcing even their friends become your enemies"
Those who make peaceful revolution impossible make revolution inevitable viotenta. Increasingly, pro choice or chance, this was the role played by the biggest and most powerful nation in the world, the role of those who make peaceful revolution impossible by refusing to give up the privileges and pleasures that come from the immense profits of investments weapons.
I am convinced that if we are to move to the right side of the world revolution, we as a people of God, must undergo a radical revolution of values, we must begin immediately transsição a materialistic society to another humanist.
When machines, computers, profit and property rights are considered more important than people, the giants of racism, extreme materialism and militarism become invincible.
True compassion is more than toss a coin to a beggar.
A true revolution of values will soon look embarrassed for the stark contrast between poverty and affluence. With righteous indignation contemplate beyond the seas and see individualistic capitalist investing large sums of money in Asia, Africa and South America only to obtain profits without any concern with the improvement of social conditions of those continents, and say, "That's not fair "
The Western arrogance of feeling that everything has to teach others and nothing to learn from them is not fair.
A true revolution of values will take the reins of orgem world about the war and say: This way of establishing a difference is not fair.
This practice of burning human rights of injecting the poison of hatred in the veins of ordinary human beings, sending the dark and bloody battlefields back home physically and mentally unbalanced can not concilar with wisdom, justice and love.
All nations year after year spends more money on military defense than social programs goes toward death.
I mean that in all our actions, we must remain united. Unity is the great need of this hour.
If we are united, we will reach a lot of what not only want, but they justly deserve.We, the disinherited of this land, oppressed us for so long, we are tired of going through the long nights in captivity. And now we want to reach the dawn of freedom, justice and equality. Love is one of the pillars of faith, but there is another side called justice. It's justice is in fact the weight of love. Justice is correct with what you love rebels against love.
God is one, is not a God who remains motionless. He is also the God who stands before the nation and says: Be still and acknowledge that I am God, who does not obey me, I will break the backbone of your power and I will pluck them out of the orbit of their relations and national international.
Beside the love is always justice, and we're just using the tools of justice. Do not just use the tools of persuasion, but we realize that we need to use the tools of coercion. This is not just an educational process, but a process of spiritual liberation. There are a people, a people black ... A people who had the moral courage to fight for their rights. And therefore, injected new meaning into the veins of history and civilization.
And we'll do that God allows us to do it sooner rather than later. It would be fatal for the world to ignore the urgency of the moment.
The storms of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of the earth, until the bright morning flower of Justice.
But there's something I tell my people, we can not condemn criminal acts.
We must not quench our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred.
We must always conduct our struggle on the highest level of dignity and discipline.
We can not allow our protest to degenerate into physical violence. Must rise to the majestic heights to confront physical force with soul force. Civilization and violence are antithetical concepts. Sooner or later all the peoples of the world will discover the path to peaceful coexistence. For this achievement to happen, humanity will be developed for all human conflict, a methadone to repudiate revenge, aggression and retaliation. The basis of methadone is love. I refuse to accept the idea that man is a mere bundle of spoil dumped in the river of life unable to influence the events surrounding it. I refuse to accept the view that mankind is so tragically bound to racism and war that the bright daybreak of peace and brotherhood can never become a reality. I refuse to accept the cynical notion that, one after another, the nations should solar below by a militaristic stairway into the hell of nuclear annihilation.
I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word in reality.
That is why good, temporarialmente defeated, is stronger than evil triunfonte.
I really believe that even amid the explosions of cannon and the humming of bullets today, there is still hope for a brighter tomorrow.
I believe that justice battered and prostrate on the bloody streets of our nations, can get up this dust of shame to reign supreme among the children of men. I dare to hope that people, everywhere, can have three meals a day for their bodies, education and culture for their minds, and dignity, equality and freedom for their spirits.
I believe that what self-centered destroyed, philanthropists can reergue.
I also believe that one day mankind is to bow before the altars of God and be crowned with triumph over war and bloodshed, and nonviolent goodwill and redemptive, proclaim His power on earth. The lion and the lamb shall be laid side by side and each man to sit in the shade of his or heck Figueira and no longer afraid.
I also believe that triumph.
This faith will give us the courage to face the uncertainties of the future. Give renewed strength to our weary feet as we follow in our journey to the city of Liberty.
When our days become dark with threatening clouds and the nights become darker than a thousand nights, we know that we are in the midst of a fertile maelstrom of authenticating civilization struggling to be born.
Today, as a renewed dedication to humanity that inspires me. Yet when years have passed and when the blazing light of truth focus this was wonderful that we live, men and women will know and be taught to children who have a more beautiful land, a people more worthy, more noble civilization, because humbleGod's children sacrificed in the name of virtue. While men are not in search of its essence and not comprenderem what you came to this world, nothing will change, because it is more comfortable to stay as it is. Violence breeds more violence.And a power can only be overturned by a higher power. But if this new power and strong enough to wipe out the old, what guarantee is there that it is not as bad as the other, just changing the direction of aggression.!?
Walk humbly with God, but with certain joie de vivre and that justice will come from the Father.
If the Moon tell all that ... Watch the moon moon friend who goes to heaven always tells me the moon ... how we should act to transform the hard hearts of men ... Moon sovereign creation of the Father, send a message by your moonlight, mess with my water, that you move with the tides, moon ... We are nothing, we are insignificant in the face of great work of God, Oh moon ... why is there so much ignorance? Why so much fighting vain if everything is reduced to dust! I know I must fulfill my destiny ... Moon, something tells me that I was not born to be one more, my heart can not tolerate an unjust world ... I must do something ... something different ... moon moon, the moon that kind of fight I Emprender. Tell the moon? (In Love)
Authors ;-) Maria Leticia Oliveira de Almeida Or Leka040484 & Samuel Levi Seales
(Selah)