View allAll Photos Tagged replace
This weekend, we replaced panels of track at Knickerbocker Av on the M Line.
This photo shows a track panel being lifted to the elevated structure.
Photo: MTA New York City Transit / Leonard Wiggins.
Replacing an earlier scanned photo with a better version 14-Apr-17.
Operating for Monarch Airlines, still in basic Saudi Arabian Airlines livery on a murky morning at Manchester. Grainy too!
Leased from ILFC, this aircraft was delivered to World Airways in Apr-93 as N273WA. As well as it's own services, World Airways operated extensively for the US Government and also for other airlines on an 'ACMI' leasing basis (= Aircraft, Crew, Maintenance & Insurance). It was wet-leased to the following airlines, mostly on annual Haj Pilgrimage flights... Garuda Indonesia, Apr/Jul-93. Malaysia Airlines, Oct-94/Jun-97 (and during this lease it was also sub-lsd to Garuda Indonesia by Malaysia Airlines between Apr/Aug-95). City Bird Airlines (Belgium), Jul-97/Feb-98. Garuda Indonesia, Mar/May-98. Monarch Airlines, May/Aug-98. Saudi Arabian Airlines, Feb/Apr-99 and Monarch Airlines for 1 week in May-99. By 2013, World Airways were suffering from financial problems and the aircraft was returned to the lessor in Nov-13 and stored at Goodyear, AZ, USA. [World Airways ceased operations in Mar-14]. It is now permanently retired and was noted still stored at Goodyear without engines in Mar-14.
Built between 1921 and 1926, this Renaissance Revival-style Cathedral Basilica was designed by Emile Ulrich as a shrine paying homage to the Blessed Mother Mary. The basilica replaced the previous St. Patrick’s Parish Church, a Gothic Revival-style structure that stood on the same site that was damaged by fire in 1916, leading to temporary repairs, with Father Nelson Baker, whom built up the surrounding charitable institutions that were once located in a series of red brick Queen Anne-style buildings around the basilica, subsequently making plans for a new, grander church to replace the old building. Dedicated as a shrine to the Virgin Mary, the basilica was constructed with funds from a direct-mail fundraising club, which sourced funding from across the United States, and was built without incurring debt in the process.
The church was complete enough by late 1925 to hold its first worship services, with the first mass being held on Christmas in 1925, with the church being consecrated in May of 1926, with the church being elevated to the status of Minor Basilica by Pope Pius XI in July of 1926, being the second church being bestowed the title in the United States, with The Basilica of Saint Mary in Minneapolis, Minnesota preceding it by five months.
The building originally featured two 165-foot-tall towers that were inspired by Portuguese Renaissance and Baroque architecture, but a thunderstorm in 1941 saw the towers struck by lightning and severely damaged, being lowered and simplified into their present form, with copper domes replacing what used to be the third tier of the towers, shortening them considerably, and the remaining portion of the towers being fully enclosed. This has led to the dome over the crossing being made more dominant in the building’s profile and front facade, with the original towers having stood as tall as the lantern on top of the dome, unbalancing the hierarchy of the composition to lean more towards the dome in the back, with it no longer being balanced as it originally was by the towers in the front.
The building is clad in marble with green copper on the domes, with the largest dome, located at the crossing of the nave and transepts, being 165 feet in height, and holding the distinction when completed in 1925 of being the second-largest dome in the United States, only surpassed in size by the dome atop the United States Capitol. However, much larger domes have since been built than the one on either building. The dome features a lantern at the top, and four copper statues of angels with trumpets, which are positioned at 90 degree intervals around the base, shifted 45 degrees from the rest of the building. The building features a multi-tiered massing with setbacks at the semi-circular apse on the rear facade, with roman arched and oxeye stained glass windows, a high gabled central nave and transepts with low shed and hipped-roofed aisles to either side, a recessed arched portion of the front facade between the base of the two towers with statues above a first floor portico with a domed copper roof and doric columns at the main entrance to the building, flanked by pilasters, quoins at the corners of the bases of the towers, and arcing colonnades flanking the front facade, with sculptures atop the ends, doric columns and pilasters, and pediments at the end bay of the colonnades. The interior of the basilica is richly decorated with murals, sculptures, classical columns and pilasters, an organ loft above the entrance, multiple tabernacles around the perimeter of the sanctuary, an ornate high altar with sculptures and spiraling stone columns with ionic capitals, African mahogany pews, and stone floors with multiple colors creating a decorative composition.
The basilica is in active use as the primary Catholic church for Lackawanna and South Buffalo, as well as being a popular pilgrimage site for devout Catholics in the Buffalo region. The basilica is part of the Diocese of Buffalo, though the diocese is seated at St. Joseph Cathedral in Downtown Buffalo.
Replacing three bridges in Henrico County and one in Hanover County over the Chickahominy River on Mechanicsville Turnpike. (Photo by Trevor Wrayton, VDOT)
This is a photograph from the 3rd Annual Meath Spring Half Marathon and 10KM Road Races hosted by Bohermeen AC on the 2nd March 2014 at 12:00 at Bohermeen, Ardbraccan, Navan, Co. Meath, Ireland. This year's event included a 10KM race which replaced the 5KM event held on the previous years. This event has grown quickly in popularity over the past few years with this year's entry of 700 beating the previous race numbers of 680. This half marathon event is perfectly placed in the Irish running calendar as it provides runners of all levels and abilities an opportunity to test the half marathon distance in preparation for a Spring Marathon or as the first serious running goal of the New Year. Bohermeen AC is steeped in Irish athletics history since 1927 and it is this experience and exceptional community spirit and volunteering which has made this event today so successful. The very heavy rain that fell on the 10KM race and the begining of the Half Marathon did nothing to dampen the spirits of the participants. In fact, despite a head wind at certain parts of the course, this was a perfect day for road racing.
Our full set of photographs from today's event are available on Flickr at the following link http://www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157641717197563/. This set of photographs is mostly of the Half Marathon race but there are some from the 10KM event.
Don't forget to scroll down to see more information about the race and these photographs!
Event Management was provided by Irish Company PRECISION TIMING who provided electronic timing for both events. The results from today's events can be found on Precision Timing's website at this URL [www.precisiontiming.net/result/racetimer?v=%252Fen%252Fra...]
The Satellite Navigation Coordinates to Bohermeen are [53.650882,-6.77989] and is accessible using the M3, N2 and N52
The routing for the 2014 event has changed slightly from previous year. In 2014 the race starts about 100m away from the Bohermeen Club Race HQ [See Google StreetView in the direction of the imagery goo.gl/maps/rtj1X] and the race proceeds down the road towards Navan. Just before the 1st mile the race takes a right turn [see Google Streetview goo.gl/maps/iGrR0] which brings runners on the route of the famous Patrick Bell 5KM Road Race route held at Bohermeen every summer. Then the route turns slightly eastwards and this brings the race along a beautiful stretch of rural countryside road. This connects runners with the main loop [see Google StreetView goo.gl/maps/gLI1l] where the race follows the N51 towards Navan. The race must now complete this loop (which passes through the start area and past the finish) and then a full loop again before finishing in the Athletics track. The only hills to speak of in this course are on the the stretch where the race route crosses the M3 motorway (see Google Streetview - as of March 2014 their imagery is a little out of date for the M3 goo.gl/maps/tcdJX). The only major climb on the course must be tackled twice as the road rises up over the M3 Motorway. This comes at about the 5M and 11.5 Mile mark in the race.
Some useful links to other web-resources related to this race
Bohermeen AC Facebook Page: www.facebook.com/bohermeen.ac?fref=ts
2014 Spring Half Marathon Route: www.runningmap.com/?id=641747
2014 Spring Half Marathon 10KM Race Option Route: www.runningmap.com/?id=641752
Google Streetview of the Race Start: goo.gl/maps/rtj1X
Google Streetview of the Race Finish and Race Headquarters: goo.gl/maps/qVttR
Internet Homepage for the Spring Half Marathon [www.meathspringhalfmarathon.com/]
Results from 2013 from Precision Timing: www.precisiontiming.net/result/racetimer?v=%252Fen%252Fra...
Results from 2012 from Precision Timing: www.precisiontiming.net/result/racetimer?v=%252Fen%252Fra...
The Boards.ie Athletics Forum Thread For 2013 Race [www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2056785036&p...]
The Boards.ie Athletics Forum Thread For 2014 Race [www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2057078579]
Photographs from previous events
Our Flickr Photograph set from the 2nd Spring Marathon 2013: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157632906920970/
Our Flickr set from the 1st Spring Marathon (2012) www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157629146137284/with...
Photographs from the 2013 event from our friend Paul Reilly [pjrphotography.zenfolio.com/p670974697]
We use Creative Commons Licensing for these photographs
We use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License for all our photographs here in this photograph set. What does this mean in reality?
The explaination is very simple.
Attribution- anyone using our photographs gives us an appropriate credit for it. This ensures that people aren't taking our photographs and passing them off as their own.
ShareAlike – anyone can use these photographs, and make changes if they like, or incorporate them into a bigger project, but they must make those changes available back to the community under the same terms.
Creative Commons aims to encourage creative sharing. See some examples of Creative Commons photographs on Flickr: www.flickr.com/creativecommons/
Can I use these photographs directly from Flickr on my social media account(s)?
Yes - of course you can! Flickr provides several ways to share this and other photographs in this Flickr set. You can share to: email, Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, Tumblr, LiveJournal, and Wordpress and Blogger blog sites. Your mobile, tablet, or desktop device will also offer you several different options for sharing this photo page on your social media outlets.
We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. Our only "cost" is our request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, etc or (2) other websites, blogs, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you must provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us.
This also extends the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.
How can I get full resolution, print-quality, copies of these photographs?
If you just need these photographs for online usage then they can be used directly once you respect their Creative Commons license and provide a link back to our Flickr set if you use them. For offline usage and printing all of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available free, at no cost, at full image resolution.
Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.
In summary please remember when requesting photographs from us - If you are using the photographs online all we ask is for you to provide a link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. You will find the link above clearly outlined in the description text which accompanies this photograph. Taking these photographs and preparing them for online posting does take a significant effort and time. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around your social media, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc. If you are using the photographs in newspapers or magazines we ask that you mention where the original photograph came from.
I would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?
Many people offer payment for our photographs. As stated above we do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would consider paying for their purchase from other photographic providers or in other circumstances we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.
I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?
As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:
►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera
►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set
►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone
►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!
You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.
Don't like your photograph here?
That's OK! We understand!
If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.
I want to tell people about these great photographs!
Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably http://www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets
3 Jan 2012, 03/366
First thing to go in our new house is the fireplace. The electric pretend fire is to be replace with a log burner. The fitters are coming to rip it out tomorrow, so I will do some stage shots as it is removed. Watch this space!!!
Replaced almost all indoor lights with warm white LED replacements. Much more energy efficient and also gives a more modern look.
I dont like the look of the blueish white LEDs, these are much better and give a more "usable" light.
Everything can be done at home by yourself, even the big cluster lights. The manual says it needs to be done by the garage / dealer, but save yourself some money and do it yourself!
All lights are either 36mm / 39mm festoon C5W or W5W / T10 Wedge bulbs
The Grumman A-6 Intruder was an American, twin jet-engine, mid-wing all-weather attack aircraft built by Grumman Aerospace. In service with the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps between 1963 and 1997, the Intruder was designed as an all-weather medium attack aircraft to replace the piston-engined Douglas A-1 Skyraider. As the A-6E was slated for retirement, its precision strike mission was taken over by the Grumman F-14 Tomcat equipped with a LANTIRN pod. From the A-6, a specialized electronic warfare derivative, the EA-6, was developed.
(Text Wikipedia)
Replaced the gearbox mount and the intercooler hoses with silicone hoses which are much more durable than the old rubber hoses.
The new gearbox mount is fitted with PU bushes instead of rubber bushes which are also more durable + stronger.
Replaced almost all indoor lights with warm white LED replacements. Much more energy efficient and also gives a more modern look.
I dont like the look of the blueish white LEDs, these are much better and give a more "usable" light.
Everything can be done at home by yourself, even the big cluster lights. The manual says it needs to be done by the garage / dealer, but save yourself some money and do it yourself!
All lights are either 36mm / 39mm festoon C5W or W5W / T10 Wedge bulbs
Replacing an earlier digital photo with a better version 21-Dec-24.
Named: "Furth".
First flown with the Airbus test registration F-WWAO, this aircraft was delivered to Lufthansa Leasing and leased to Lufthansa in Dec-96.
It was leased to Hapag-Lloyd Flug in Jul-05. Hapag-Lloyd wet-leased it to Swiss International Airlines in May-06. It was returned to Hapag-Lloyd in Oct-06. It was ferried to Shanghai-SHA later in Oct-06 for maintenance and repaint back into Lufthansa and returned to service with Lufthansa in Jan-07.
In May-10 the aircraft was sold to Cirrus International and ferried to Kiev-Borispil, Ukraine. It was rumoured to be for sale to Kyrgyz Trans Avia but I don't think that happened, or they were an intermediary. It was sold to Mahan Air, Iran in May-10 and ferried to Tehran-IKA as EP-MNM at the end Jun-10.
It was wet-leased to Syrian Airlines in Aug-16 and returned to Mahan Air in Mar-17. The aircraft was transferred to Iran Air Tour in Mar-19 and re-registered in Jul-20. It was withdrawn from service in May-22 and stored at Tehran-THR.
It's now 28 years old but in Iran anything can happen. It could be used as a spares source or suddenly return to service. Updated 22-Dec-24.
The carving around the arch of the main west door of York Minster had deteriorated badly by the late 20th century and was thus entirely recarved by the Minster masons in 2002.
The narrative scenes were replaced by new designs using the Old Testament as their theme (starting with a strikingly contemporary Hand of God for the Creation and following with Adam & Eve, Cain & Abel and Noah. They were designed and modelled by the sculptor Rory Young.
York Minster is England's largest medieval cathedral and almost impossible to do justice to. It has an awesome presence that cannot fail to impress.
Uniquely the cathedral was spared the ravages of the Civil War that decimated the mediecal art of most English cathedrals and churches, and thus posseses the largest collection of medieval glass in Britain throughout most of it's vast windows.
Sadly this fortune was not matched by the Minster's vulnerability to fire which has ravaged the building in 3 major outbreaks, the worst in 1829 when a madman set fire to the precious medieval furniture of the choir, destroying both it, the organ and the high vaulted ceiling of the eastern half of the church. Only 11 years after this tragedy a careless workman accidentally set fire to the nave roof, which also lost it's vault. Both roofs were rebuilt in replica, but a further fire caused by lightning strike in 1984 destroyed the south transept roof (rebuilt 4 years later).
Most medieval cathedrals were provided with stone vaulted ceilings precisely to avoid the problems suffered here, but York's builders found that building on such an unprecedentedly large scale brought limitations, thus all the Minster's high ceilings had to be built of wood in imitation of stone. An Achilles' Heel, but a beautiful one!
workers putting up billboard for School of Rock, the show replacing Showboat at the New London Theatre, Drury Lane WC2, 8 September 2016
I've mislaid the box but it wasn't original. Chad Valley perhaps, but the plywood pieces are thinner than any other Chad Valley I've handled?
The colours being so stunning I couldn't resist picking this one up, with 2 missing pieces, for a snip. Now replaced, but could be better blended in, so I might try again next time I get the paints out.
Old Delhi (Hindi: पुरानी दिल्ली; Punjabi: ਪੁਰਾਣੀ ਦਿੱਲੀ; Urdu: پُرانی دِلّی; Purānī Dillī), is a walled city of Delhi, India, was founded as Shahjahanabad (Persian: شاه جهان آباد) by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan in 1639. It remained the capital of the Mughals until the end of the Mughal dynasty. It was once filled with mansions of nobles and members of the royal court, along with elegant mosques and gardens. Today, despite having become extremely crowded and dilapidated, it still serves as the symbolic heart of metropolitan Delhi.
HISTORY
The site of Shahjahanabad is north of earlier settlements of Delhi. Its southern part overlaps some of the area that was settled by the Tughlaqs in the 14th century when it was the seat of Delhi Sultanate. The sultanates ruled from Delhi between 1206 and 1526, when the last was replaced by the Mughal dynasty. The five dynasties were the Mamluk dynasty (1206–90), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414), the Sayyid dynasty (1414–51), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526).
Delhi remained an important place for the Mughals, who built palaces and forts. Most importantly, it was Shah Jahan, who had the walled city built from 1638 to 1649, containing the Lal Qila and the Chandni Chowk. Daryaganj had the original cantonment of Delhi, after 1803, where a native regiment of Delhi garrison was stationed, which was later shifted to Ridge area. East of Daryaganj was Raj ghat Gate of the walled city, opening at Raj Ghat on Yamuna River. First wholesale market of Old Delhi opened as the hardware market in Chawri Bazaar in 1840, the next wholesale market was that of dry fruits, spices and herbs at Khari Baoli, opening in 1850. The Phool Mandi (Flower Market) of Daryaganj was established in 1869, and even today, despite serving a small geographical area, it is of great importance due to dense population.
After the fall of the Mughal Empire post 1857 revolt, the British Raj shifted the capital of India to a less volatile city, Calcutta, where it remained until 1911. After the announcement of the change, the British developed Lutyens' Delhi (in modern New Delhi) just south-west of Shahjahanabad. At this point, the older city started being called Old Delhi, as New Delhi became the seat of national government. It was formally inaugurated as such in 1931. Until the 1930s, few people ventured outside the walled city; thus in the following years, as the walled city got more and more congested, other areas around it were developed.
WALLS AND GATES
It is approximately shaped like a quarter cìrcle, with the Red Fort as the focal point. The old city was surrounded by a wall enclosing about 6.1 km2, with 14 gates:
- Nigambodh Gate: northeast, leading to historic Nigambodh Ghat on the Yamuna River
- Kashmiri Gate: north
- Mori Gate: north
- Kabuli gate: west
- Lahori gate: west close to the Sadar Railway station, Railway Colony, including the tomb of Syed Abdul Rehman Jilani Dehlvi.
- Ajmeri Gate: southeast, leading to Ghaziuddin Khan's Madrassa and Connaught Place, a focal point in New Delhi.
- Turkman Gate: southeast, close to some pre-Shahjahan remains which got enclosed within the walls, including the tomb of Hazrat Shah Turkman Bayabani.
- Delhi Gate: south leading to Feroz Shah Kotla and what was then older habitation of Delhi.
The surrounding walls, 3.7 m wide and 7.9 m tall, originally of mud, were replaced by red stone in 1657. In the Mughal period, the gates were kept locked at night. The walls have now largely disappeared, but most of the gates are still present. The township of old Delhi is still identifiable in a satellite image because of the density of houses.
The famous Khooni Darwaza, south of Delhi Gate and just outside the walled city, was originally constructed by Sher Shah Suri.
Streets and neighbourhoods
The main street, now termed Chandni Chowk, runs from the Red Fort to Fatehpuri Masjid. Originally a canal ran through the middle of the street.
North of the street, there is the mansion of Begum Samru, now called Bhagirath Palace. South is the street is Dariba Kalan, a dense residential area, beyond which is Jama Masjid. Daryaganj is a section that used to border the river at Rajghat and Zeenat-ul-Masajid.
The Urdu language emerged from the Urdu Bazaar section of Old Delhi. The Din Dunia magazine and various other Urdu publications are the reason of this language staying alive.
MAIN ARTERIES
- Netaji Subhash Marg/Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg leading to India Gate (north and south)
- Chandni Chowk/Khari Bawli Road (east and west)
Old Delhi is approximately bounded by these modern roads:
- Gokhle Marg (south)
- Mahatma Gandhi Marg road (east)
- Shraddhananda Rd (west)
- Jawaharlal Nehru Marg (south)
In 1876, Carr Stephen described the city as follows:
Of the two streets described by François Bernier, the longer extended from the Lahore Gate of the city to the Lahore Gate of the citadel, and the other from the Delhi Gate of the city to the Lahore Gate of the fort. Both these streets were divided into several sections, each of which was known by a different name.
The section between the Lahore Gate of the fort and the entrance of the street called the Dariba, known as the Khuni Darwazah, was called the Urdu or the Military Bazaar; owing, very probably, to the circumstances of a portion of the local garrison having been once quartered about the place. Between the Khuni Darwazah and the present Kotwali, or the Head Police Station of the city, the street has the name of Phul ka Mandi or the flower market. The houses in front of the Kotwali were built at a short distance from the line of the rest of the houses in the street, so as to form a square.
Between the Kotwali and the gate known as the Taraiah, was the Jauhari or the Jewellers' Bazaar; between the Taraiah and the neighbourhood known as Asharfi ka Katra, was, par excellence, the Chandni Chauk. There was a tank in the centre of the Chauk the site of which is now occupied by the Municipal Clock Tower, and beyond this to the Fatehpuri Masjid was the Fatehpuri Bazaar. The houses round Chandni Chauk were of the same height, and were ornamented with arched doors and painted verandahs. To the north and south of the square there were two gate-ways, the former leading to the Sarai of Jehan Ara Begum, and the latter to one of the most thickly populated quarters of the city. Round the tank the ground was literally covered with vegetable, fruit, and sweetmeat stalls. In the course of time the whole of this long street came to be known as the Chandni Chauk.
This grand street was laid out by Jahanara Begam, daughter of Shah Jahan. From the Lahore Gate of the fort to the end of the Chandni Chauk the street was about 40 yards wide and 1,520 yards long. Through the centre of this street ran the canal of 'Ali Mardan, shaded on both sides by trees. On the eastern end of the Chandni Chauk stands the Lahore Gate of the Fort, and on the opposite end the handsome mosque of Fatehpuri Begam).
The clock tower no longer exists, although the locationn is still called Ghantaghar. The Sarai of Jehan Ara Begum has been replaced by the city hall. The kotwali is now adjacent to Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib.
HISTORICAL SPOTS
Many of the historical attractions are in the Chandni Chowk area and the Red Fort. In addition, Old Delhi also has:
- Ghalib ki Haveli that is in Ballimaran is famous for Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib, the renowned Urdu and Persian poet.
- Gali Qasim Jan that is in Ballimaran is famous for Mirza Ghalib's haveli, and that of Hakim Ajmal Khan
- Razia Sultana's (Delhi's only female ruler before Indira Gandhi) tomb near Kalan Masjid}
- Jama Masjid, India's largest mosque
- Fatehpuri Masjid
- Khari Baoli, Asia's biggest spice market
- Zinat-ul Masjid, Daryaganj built in 1710 by one of Aurangzeb's daughters
- Rajghat, Mahatma Gandhi's
- St. James Church (near Kashmiri Gate) built in 1836, Delhi's oldest church, built by Col. James Skinner.
SOME OF THE HISTORICAL MANSIONS
- Begum Samru's Palace of 1806 now called Bhagirath Palace.
- Naughara mansions in Kinari Bazaar, 18th century Jain mansions.
- Khazanchi haveli
- Haveli Sharif Manzil that is in Ballimaran is famous for its Aristocratic Hakims and their Unani practice, and that of Hakim Ajmal Khan
- Haveli of Mirza Ghalib, Gali Qasim Jan that is in Ballimaran
- Chunnamal haveli, Katra Neel
- Haveli of Zeenat Mahal, Lal Kuan Bazar
- Haksar Haveli, Bazar Sitaram, where Jawaharlal Nehru was married in 1916 to Kamla Nehru.
- Haveli Naharwali, Kucha Sadullah Khan, where Pervez Musharraf, former president of Pakistan was born
- Kucha Chelan (Kucha Chehle Ameeran), where the Persian descent inhabited
OLD DELHI CUISINE
Old Delhi is well known for its cuisine. There area in and around Jama Masjid and Lal Kuan are predominantly Muslim. Hence the cuisine here is more meat dominant Mughlai cuisine. The area in and around Chandni Chowk is predominantly Jain and Baniya communities. Hence the food is strictly vegetarian and in a lot of cases made without onion and garlic. The famous Gali Paranthe Wali and Ghantewala halwai are also situated here.
Old Delhi is also famous for its street food. Chandni Chowk and Chawri Bazaar areas have many street joints that sell spicy chaat (tangy and spicy snacks).
WIKIPEDIA
Replacing an earlier digital photo with a better version 26-Oct-19.
An early A300 (c/n 037), first flown with the Airbus test registration F-WUAU, this aircraft was delivered to SAA South African Airways as ZS-SDB in Dec-76. It was withdrawn from service and stored at Johannesburg in Apr-01. After 25 years with South African, it was sold to Onur Air (Turkey) as TC-ONY in Nov-01. The aircraft was permanently retired at Istanbul-Ataturk in Apr-06 and was broken up there in 2009.
Replaced the bridge on a Gibson RB-100 five-string with a "Snuffy Smith" brand a while back -- was amazed in the improvement in the sound from just replacing this little piece of wood, a combination of hard rock maple and ebony.
Replaced the Cross Check with this beauty. White Industries drive train (38x18), Paul Mini moto up front, Neo-retro in the rear, Pacenti SL23 wheels, Salsa Woodchipper bars, Thomson cockpit. Weighs about 19lbs.
3182 replaced 9K back in the day. This is the view from the heavily stripped 3182 on the Wigan depot scrap line with the very much alive 9K looking on. A little bit of this scene (other than 9) survives. Everything else, including the depot, has gone.
And if you're wondering, 3182's interior mirror is now 9's interior mirror!
And now for something completely different ... ever wondered how they replace a pole carrying all those essential services? Here's a step by step instruction guide! (My thanks to the team from Aus Grid and Lend Lease who were happy for me to be taking pictures!)
British postcard in the Picturegoer Series, London, no. W 668. Photo: Associated British Pathé.
American actress and singer Gloria Jean (1926-2018) starred in 26 feature films from 1939 to 1959 and made numerous radio, television, stage and nightclub appearances. She was 12 when she was taken to an audition by Universal director Joe Pasternak. He was looking for a new child singer to replace studio icon Deanna Durbin. Her first film, The Under-Pup (1939), made her an instant hit with filmgoers. A Little Bit of Heaven (1940) was probably her best film, but Never Give a Sucker an Even Break (1941) with W.C. Fields remains her most-seen film. By then, she had outgrown her Little Miss Fixit roles. She later appeared mostly in B-films and on stage.
Gloria Jean Schoonover was born in 1926 in Buffalo, New York. She and her family moved to Scranton, Pennsylvania, shortly afterwards. Her father, Ferman Schoonover, owned a music store. Her mother, Eleanor Schoonover, had been a circus bareback rider and took care of Gloria and her three sisters: Sally, Lois and Bonnie. Gloria's singing ability was discovered when she was little. She was three years old when she first sang on the radio under the name of Baby Skylark. Her family was involved in her later career. Lois served as a stand-in for Gloria Jean, and their father managed her career. By 5, she was singing in the Scranton area and sang with Paul Whiteman's orchestra on radio broadcasts. At 12, she became the youngest member of an American opera troupe when she joined a small New York opera company. In 1938, Gloria Jean was being trained as a coloratura soprano when her voice teacher, Leah Russel, took her to an audition held by Universal Pictures producer Joe Pasternak. He was looking for a new child singer to replace studio icon Deanna Durbin, who was being steered into ingenue and young-adult roles. Although hundreds of Shirley-Temple-perfect girls competed, natural-looking Gloria was chosen, and she and her mother headed to Hollywood. Gloria made her first film, The Under-Pup (Richard Wallace, 1939), with Robert Cummings and Nan Grey. It made her an instant hit with filmgoers. Happy with their young coloratura soprano, Universal cast her in If I Had My Way (David Butler, 1940), which co-starred Bing Crosby and Charles Winninger. Next came A Little Bit of Heaven (Andrew Marton, 1940) with Robert Stack, which some consider her best film. Then followed a co-starring role with W.C. Fields in Never Give a Sucker an Even Break (Edward F. Cline, 1941), which became her most-seen film.
At this point in 1941, Gloria Jean was at the pinnacle of her career, yet her star wasn't soaring. She had outgrown her Little Miss Fixit roles, as Deanna Durbin had a few years earlier. Durbin was in command of the older-girl roles for the better pictures. Unsure what to do with Jean, Universal moved her to the 'Hepcat' movies in which she often co-starred with Donald O'Connor. These 'hipster' musicals were geared to teenagers to introduce new young talent and included What's Cooking (Edward F. Cline, 1942) with The Andrews Sisters, Get Hep to Love (Charles Lamont, 1942), When Johnny Comes Marching Home (Charles Lamont, 1942), and It Comes Up Love (Charles Lamont, 1942). The next year, Mr Big (Charles Lamont, 1943) and Moonlight in Vermont (Edward C. Lilley, 1943) followed. All these 'Hepcat' musicals were stock B-films. Like many Universal stars, Gloria had a few seconds onscreen in the war effort picture Follow the Boys (A. Edward Sutherland, John Rawlins, 1944). After that came the rather good Pardon My Rhythm (Felix E. Feist, 1944) with Mel Torme, who became a close friend. In Ghost Catchers (Edward F. Cline, 1944), she was teamed with popular comedians Ole Olsen and Chic Johnson. The forgettable Reckless Age (Felix E. Feist, 1944) was next, and its main distinction was as the first in which Gloria played a more mature role. In January 1944, Universal announced plans to launch Gloria Jean as a more adult star, and she turned 18 in April. Gloria was to star as a blind girl in one of four episodes of Julien Duvivier's Flesh and Fantasy, alongside such stars as Edward G. Robinson, Charles Boyer, and Barbara Stanwyck. But the film was found to be too long, and Gloria's segment was cut out. Some additional footage was added, and the result was the Film Noir Destiny (Reginald Le Borg, Julien Duvivier, 1944). Gloria's first dramatic performance won rave reviews, but the actual film met with only modest success. Gloria followed this with three more Universal films: I'll Remember April (Harold Young, 1945), the Film Noir River Gang (Charles David, 1945) with Keefe Brasselle, and the musical Easy to Look At (Ford Beebe, 1945) with Kirby Grant.
On bad advice from her agent, Gloria Jean decided to go on tour instead of renewing her Universal contract. The tour underperformed, and she returned to Hollywood in 1947. Gloria Jean's family lawyer had vanished with her earnings, and she found great difficulty in securing film roles. Groucho Marx gave her a minor role in his film Copacabana (Alfred E. Green, 1947) with Carmen Miranda. This appearance ultimately landed her four more: I Surrender Dear (Arthur Dreifuss, 1948), Manhattan Angel (Arthur Dreifuss, 1948), An Old-Fashioned Girl (Arthur Dreifuss, 1949), and There's a Girl in My Heart (Arthur Dreifuss, 1949). As the 1950s began, Gloria made six Snader Telescriptions, three-minute musicals that aired during television's early days. Other than that and a few guest appearances on TV series, her acting career was virtually finished. She appeared in the forgettable Air Strike (Cy Roth, 1955) and a couple of films that were never released. In 1961, Jerry Lewis read about her working as a hostess at a Tahitian restaurant and gave her a part in his film The Ladies' Man (Jerry Lewis, 1963). This was meant to relaunch her career, but her scenes didn't make the final cut. Gloria Jean's final television appearances occurred in episodes of The Dick Powell Theatre, Lockup and Saints and Sinners. Shortly after, she was briefly married to Italian actor Franco Cellini (1962-1966) and had a son, Angelo. At that point, she virtually retired from the screen and went to work for the cosmetics firm Redken until 1993, when she retired. Gloria was reintroduced to a limelight of sorts by the magic of eBay, where her films were being sold. With her sister Bonnie's help, who handled the computer, she sold copies of her films on eBay, as well as signed photographs of herself. Spurred by the popularity of these, she published her autobiography, 'Gloria Jean: A Little Bit of Heaven' (2005). After her sister Bonnie's death in 2007, Gloria moved to Hawaii to live with her son and his family. Her son died in 2017, and very late in life, she suffered health problems. Until she died from heart failure and pneumonia in 2018, Gloria Jean lived in Mountain View, HI, with her family. She is buried in Hawaii's Mountain View Community Cemetery. She had four grandchildren.
Sources: Tom Barrister (IMDb), Wikipedia and IMDb.
And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.
A modern Vera Art puzzle. What a shame it lost its original colors! It probably would have been easier with a distinction between the greens and blues.
The cut follows the color cutouts quite precisely, particularly adapting to the artist's brushstrokes.
The puzzle is very difficult to assemble; it's the hardest I've had to do for a 500-piece puzzle.
We reconstructed one piece (see note on the photo).
Vlaminck used pure colors straight from the tubes. The goal was to convey a raw energy.
The painting, originally titled "Partie de campagne à Bougival," was painted in 1905.
Photograph taken at 14:53pm on Tuesday Monday September 3rd 2012 off Borrowdale Road B5289 and Lake Road heading away from the shoreline of Isthmus Bay on Derwentwater near to the Lakeland market town of Keswick, one of the Northern most in the Lake District, Cumbria, England.
.
.
Nikon D7000 20mm 1/400s f/5.6 iso200 RAW (14Bit) Handheld
Sigma 10-20mm f/3.5-5.6 DX EC HSM. Nikon MB-D11 battery grip pack. Two Nikon EN-EL15 batteries. Jessops UV filter. Nikon MB-D11 battery grip. Hoodman H-EYEN22S Hood eye eye cup. My memory 32GB class 10 20MB/s SDHC. Nikon GP-1 GPS unit
.
.
LATITUDE: N 54d 35m 45.32s
LONGITUDE: W 3d 8m 21.92s
ALTITUDE: 93.0m
RAW FILE SIZE: 46.30MB
PROCESSED SIZE: 5.65MB
.
.
PROCESSING POWER:
HP Pavillion Desktop with AMD A10-5700 APU PROCESSOR. HD graphics. 8GB RAM. 64-bit Windows 8.1. VERBATIM USB 2.0 1TB Desktop Hard drive. NIKON VIEWNX2 Version 2.90 64bit. ADOBE PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 8 Version 8.0 64bit
The standard mount on the Sony A7 is prone to flexing. It's especially noticeable when using heavier lenses, but one can feel it even when handling a small one like the Zeiss 55mm F/1.8.
I kinda got tired of this and upgraded to the Fotodiox Tough E-mount version.
It replaces the front ring and the plastic one underneath with a single piece.
The Sierra had recently replaced the Cortina, while the "jellymould" bodystyle was futuristic for the time, a lot of mechanical parts had been carried over from the Cortina.
BHK546Y was an unissued Chelmsford registration.
FSO were continuing to make the most of the Fiat 125 bodyshell and even older mechanical parts. The Polonez was a newer styled body hiding the Fiat hand me downs.
BKN380Y was actually a Mazda 323 1.3 Litre last taxed on 1 September 1999.
Likewise BKN383Y belonged to a Mazda 626 SDX 1970cc which lasted to 1 February 1994.
BKN...Y was a Maidstone issue of August 1982, there are some Mazdas coming up registered in the same block.
⚠️ Replaced in 2025
New Replacement - Kärcher CW5 Klean!Star iQ
======================
Abandoned WashTec SoftCare Pro in white “Multi Design” with red SofTecs brushes installed in 2006
• Operator •
Shell
• Supplier •
WashTec UK
• Address •
Shell Petrol Station
A41 (Eastbound)
Bourne End
HP1 2SB
England
Replaced the stock 13T turbo with the bigger & stronger 16T turbo from a V70 T5.
Re-used the Mamba wastegate actuator (so makes the same boost now) and made the step towards an external DV, which is better than the bolt-on CBV (which I already upgraded).
Pulls a bit harder and feels a tad more powerfull!
Now replaced by the E1, here is PA205 resting at the temporary Bray terminus after a 155 service to Bray. Like the 175, only operated for a few years and then got submerged into the void of the plans of the people in corporate, which were BusConnects.
40035 (LO) - 1Z16 (1255 SO STP to Plymouth via Craven Arms [reverse], Hereford, Severn Tunnel Jn, Sudbrook [reverse], Severn Tunnel Jn, Gloucester, Bristol Temple Meads, Weston Super Mare & Exeter St Davids, which was formed of 9 coaches & named The Central Wales Liner by promoter F&W Railtour) - Severn Tunnel Jn - 1720 to 1732 (44 minutes late / 37 minutes late) - 03/03/84.
40035 "Appapa" was replaced by 37266 t&t 300 from the short journey from Severn Tunnel Jn to Sudbrook & return.
Pictures of 40035 & 37266 from the other side in "golden light" can be found here:-
40035
www.flickr.com/photos/151904976@N08/50925217407/in/photol...
& 37266 here
www.flickr.com/photos/151904976@N08/50925089686/in/photol...
Fort Smith National Historic Site is a National Historic Site located in Fort Smith, Arkansas, along the Arkansas River. The first fort at this site was established by the United States in 1817, before this area was established as part of Indian Territory. It was later replaced and the second fort was operated by the US until 1871. This site was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1961.
The fort was the first site of the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas, which had jurisdiction over western Arkansas and all of Indian Territory. It began operations in 1875 with the appointment of Isaac C. Parker as the first federal district judge here. The town of Fort Smith, Arkansas developed around the fort.
The site includes the second historic fort constructed at this place. In addition, located on the grounds are the foundation remains of the first Fort Smith (1817–1824), the commissary building (c. 1838) and a reconstruction of the gallows used by the federal court. A walking trail along the Arkansas River includes wayside exhibits on the Trail of Tears.
Congress authorized acquisition of land on the Oklahoma bank of the Arkansas River to be included in the National Historic Site, in order to preserve a historic viewshed, but it has not been acquired.
The park visitor center is now located in the old Barracks/Courthouse/Jail building. Exhibits in the visitor center focus on Fort Smith's military history from 1817 to 1871, its role in the western expansion of the United States, Federal District Judge Isaac Parker and the federal court's effects on justice in Indian Territory, the U.S. Deputy Marshals and outlaws, Federal Indian policy, and Indian Removal, including the Cherokee Trail of Tears.
The site was established in 1961 in order to protect the remains of two 19th-century U.S. military forts, including a building that once housed the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas, which had jurisdiction over federal cases in Indian Territory. Fort Smith was also notable as a major stop for the Choctaw and Cherokee people along the "Trail of Tears." during the period of Indian Removal from the Southeast. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1961.
The original fort was established on December 25, 1817, by Major William Bradford in order to maintain harmony between the local Osage Indians, who had long been dominant in this territory, and a band of Cherokee who had migrated west, under pressure from European Americans, from their traditional territory in the Southeast. This time would later be historically referenced as the "First Fort." It ended in 1824 when the U.S. Army abandoned Fort Smith after constructing Fort Gibson further west.
As a result of the increased tensions Indians following the Indian Removal Act of 1830, and local white settlers who encroached on their territory, the U.S. Army created a second Fort Smith in 1838 near the original's ruins. This is the beginning of the historical "Second Fort" period. During General Zachary Taylor's command of the fort in the 1840s, it became a supply depot for other forts within the Indian Territory. It was captured during the Civil War from Confederate forces in 1863 by Union troops. The majority of the Cherokee and other Five Civilized Tribes had initially allied with the Confederacy, and supplied warriors to its forces. The fort continued in use as a supply depot to other forts in the region until it was no longer occupied in an official capacity by 1871; historically the end of the "Second Fort" era.
As often happened, a small town developed around the fort, with people attracted for business. In addition, court operations continued at a courthouse built in town for the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas, which presided over the western half of Arkansas and all of Indian Territory. It was first held at the fort, as noted above. The first federal district judge here was Isaac C. Parker, who presided over the court from 1875 to 1896.
Arkansas is a landlocked state in the South Central region of the Southern United States. It borders Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, Texas to the southwest, and Oklahoma to the west. Its name derives from the Osage language, and refers to their relatives, the Quapaw people. The state's diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U.S. Interior Highlands, to the densely forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River and the Arkansas Delta.
Arkansas is the 29th largest by area and the 34th most populous state, with a population of just over three million at the 2020 census. The capital and most populous city is Little Rock, in the central part of the state, a hub for transportation, business, culture, and government. The northwestern corner of the state, including the Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers Metropolitan Area and Fort Smith metropolitan area, is a population, education, and economic center. The largest city in the state's eastern part is Jonesboro. The largest city in the state's southeastern part is Pine Bluff.
Previously part of French Louisiana and the Louisiana Purchase, the Territory of Arkansas was admitted to the Union as the 25th state on June 15, 1836. Much of the Delta had been developed for cotton plantations, and landowners there largely depended on enslaved African Americans' labor. In 1861, Arkansas seceded from the United States and joined the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. On returning to the Union in 1868, Arkansas continued to suffer economically, due to its overreliance on the large-scale plantation economy. Cotton remained the leading commodity crop, and the cotton market declined. Because farmers and businessmen did not diversify and there was little industrial investment, the state fell behind in economic opportunity. In the late 19th century, the state instituted various Jim Crow laws to disenfranchise and segregate the African-American population. White interests dominated Arkansas's politics, with disenfranchisement of African Americans and refusal to reapportion the legislature; only after the federal legislation passed were more African Americans able to vote. During the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, Arkansas and particularly Little Rock were major battlegrounds for efforts to integrate schools.
Following World War II in the 1940s, Arkansas began to diversify its economy and see prosperity. During the 1960s, the state became the base of the Walmart corporation, the world's largest company by revenue, headquartered in Bentonville. In the 21st century, Arkansas's economy is based on service industries, aircraft, poultry, steel, and tourism, along with important commodity crops of cotton, soybeans and rice.
Arkansas's culture is observable in museums, theaters, novels, television shows, restaurants, and athletic venues across the state. Notable people from the state include politician and educational advocate William Fulbright; former president Bill Clinton, who also served as the 40th and 42nd governor of Arkansas; general Wesley Clark, former NATO Supreme Allied Commander; Walmart founder and magnate Sam Walton; singer-songwriters Johnny Cash, Charlie Rich, Jimmy Driftwood, and Glen Campbell; actor-filmmaker Billy Bob Thornton; poet C. D. Wright; physicist William L. McMillan, a pioneer in superconductor research; poet laureate Maya Angelou; Douglas MacArthur; musician Al Green; actor Alan Ladd; basketball player Scottie Pippen; singer Ne-Yo; Chelsea Clinton; actress Sheryl Underwood; and author John Grisham.
The history of Arkansas began millennia ago when humans first crossed into North America. Many tribes used Arkansas as their hunting lands but the main tribe was the Quapaw, who settled in the Arkansas River delta upon moving south from Illinois. Early French explorers gave the territory its name, a corruption of Akansea, which is a phonetic spelling from the Illinois language word for the Quapaw.[1] This phonetic heritage explains why "Arkansas" is pronounced so differently than the U.S. state of "Kansas" even though they share the same spelling.
What began as a rough wilderness inhabited by trappers and hunters became incorporated into the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and later became the Arkansas Territory from 1819 to 1836. Upon gaining statehood on June 15, 1836, Arkansas had begun to prosper under a plantation economy that was heavily reliant on slave labor. After the American Civil War (1861–1865), Arkansas was a poor rural state, whose main economic base revolved around agriculture based chiefly on cotton production. In the late 19th century, the state instituted various Jim Crow laws to disenfranchise and segregate the African American population. This would last until federal legislation was passed in the 1960s. During the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, Arkansas and particularly Little Rock, were major battlegrounds for efforts to integrate schools.
The state started to see some economic prosperity during and after World War II in the 1940s. Arkansas became the base for retail corporation Walmart during the 1960s, which is headquartered in Bentonville. Walmart would later become the world's largest company by revenue. During the 20th century, different Arkansas political leaders would become nationally prominent, including the 42nd U.S. President Bill Clinton, who was Governor of Arkansas, 1979–1981 and 1983–1992.
Beginning around 11,700 B.C.E., the first indigenous people inhabited the area now known as Arkansas after crossing today's Bering Strait, formerly Beringia. The first people in modern-day Arkansas likely hunted woolly mammoths by running them off cliffs or using Clovis points, and began to fish as major rivers began to thaw towards the end of the last great ice age. Around 9500 BCE, forests also started to expand, enabling local peoples to engage in greater gathering. Crude containers became a necessity for storing gathered items. Since mammoths had become extinct, hunting bison and deer became more common. These early peoples of Arkansas likely lived in base camps and departed on hunting trips for months at a time.
Further warming led to the beginnings of agriculture in Arkansas around 650 BCE. Fields consisted of clearings, and Native Americans would begin to form villages around the plot of trees they had cleared. Shelters became more permanent and pottery became more complex. Burial mounds, surviving today in places such as Parkin Archeological State Park and Toltec Mounds Archaeological State Park, became common in northeast Arkansas. This reliance on agriculture marks an entrance into Mississippian culture around 950 CE. Wars began occurring between chieftains over land disputes. Platform mounds gain popularity in some cultures.
The Native American nations that lived in Arkansas prior to the westward movement of peoples from the East were the Quapaw, Caddo, and Osage Nations. While moving westward, the Five Civilized Tribes inhabited Arkansas during its territorial period.
The first European contact with Arkansas was the Spanish expedition led by Hernando de Soto in 1541. De Soto wandered among settlements, inquiring about gold and other valuable natural resources. He encountered the Casqui in northeast Arkansas, who sent him north around Devil's Elbow to the Pacaha, the traditional enemies of the Casqui. Upon arrival in the Pacaha village, the Casqui who had followed behind de Soto attacked and raided the village. De Soto ultimately engaged the two tribes' chiefs in a peace treaty before continuing on across central Arkansas and into the Ozark Mountains in his search for riches. After finding nothing he considered of value and encountering native resistance the entire way; he and his soldiers returned to the Mississippi River where de Soto fell ill. He died the following day in what is believed to be the vicinity of modern-day McArthur in May 1542. Soto's body was weighted down with sand and he was consigned to a watery grave in the Mississippi River under cover of darkness.
De Soto had attempted to deceive the native population into thinking he was an immortal deity, sun of the sun, in order to forestall attack by outraged Native Americans on his by then weakened and bedraggled army. In order to keep the ruse up, his men informed the locals that de Soto had ascended into the sky. His will at the time of his death listed: "four Indian slaves, three horses and 700 hogs" which were auctioned off to his men. His starving men, who had been living off maize stolen from Native Americans and who had not been allowed to eat the enormous herd of hogs but had had to care for them, immediately started to butcher them. Later on his remaining men, now commanded by his aide de camp Moscoso, attempted an overland return to Mexico. They made it as far as Texas before running into territory too dry for maize farming and too thinly populated to sustain themselves by stealing food from the locals. The expedition promptly backtracked to Arkansas. After building a small fleet of boats they then headed down the Mississippi River and eventually on to Mexico by water.
In 1673, French explorers Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet reached the Arkansas River on an expedition to map the Mississippi River. After a calumet with friendly Quapaw, the group suspected the Spanish to be nearby and returned north.
Robert La Salle entered Arkansas in 1681 as part of his quest to find the mouth of the Mississippi River, and thus claim the entire river for New France. La Salle and his partner, Henri de Tonti, succeeded in this venture, claiming the river in April 1682. La Salle would return to France while dispatching de Tonti to wait for him and hold Fort St. Louis. On the king's orders, La Salle returned to colonize the Gulf of Mexico for the French, but ran aground in Matagorda Bay. La Salle led three expeditions on foot searching for the Mississippi River, but his third party mutinied near Navasota, Texas, in 1687. de Tonti learned of La Salle's Texas expeditions and traveled south in an effort to locate him along the Mississippi River. Along with this journey south, de Tonti founded Arkansas Post as a waypoint for his searches in 1686. La Salle's party, now led by his brother, stumbled upon the Post and were greeted kindly by Quapaw with fond memories of La Salle. The troupe thought it best to lie and say La Salle remained at his new coastal colony.
The French colonization of the Mississippi Valley would end with the later destruction of Fort St. Louis were it not for de Tonti establishing the small trading stop, Arkansas Post. The party originally led by La Salle would depart the Post and continue north to Montreal, where interest was spurred in explorers who had the knowledge that the French had a holding in the region.
The first successful European settlement, "Poste de Arkansea", was established by Henri de Tonti in 1686 on the Arkansas River. The post disbanded for unknown reasons in 1699 but was reestablished in 1721 in the same location. Sited slightly upriver from the confluence of the Arkansas River and Mississippi River, the remote post was a center of trade and home base for fur trappers in the region to trade their wares. The French settlers mingled and in some cases even intermarried with Quapaw natives, sharing a dislike of English and Chickasaw, who were allies at the time. A moratorium on furs imposed by Canada severely affected the post's economy, and many settlers began to move out of the Mississippi River Valley. Scottish banker John Law saw the struggling post and attempted to entice settlers to emigrate from Germany to start an agriculture settlement at Arkansas Post, but his efforts failed when Law-created Mississippi Bubble burst in 1720.
The French maintained the post throughout this time mostly due to its strategic significance along the Mississippi River. The post was moved back further from the Mississippi River in 1749 after the English with their Chickasaw allies attacked, it was moved downriver in 1756 to be closer to a Qua-paw defensive line that had been established, and to serve, as an repent, or trading post, during the Seven Years' War and prevent attacks from the Spanish along the Mississippi.
In 1762, the secret treaty of Fontainebleau transferred control of colonial Louisiana (including present-day Arkansas), to Spain in exchange for Florida. The Spanish showed little interest in Arkansas except for the land grants meant to inspire settlement around the post. Afterward, the post was again moved upriver out of the floodplain in 1779. Its position 4 miles (6.4 km) up the Arkansas River made it a hub for trappers to start their journeys, although it also served as a diplomatic center for relations between the Spanish and Quapaw. Many that stopped at Arkansas Post were simply passing through on their way up or down river and needed supplies or rest. Habitants included approximately ten merchants, some domestic slaves, and the wives and children of voyageurs. A small detachment of the Fixed Infantry Regiment of Louisiana lived inside the fort, tasked with protecting the village of Arkansas Post nearby. On April 17, 1783, present-day Arkansas experienced its only battle of the American Revolutionary War when Captain James Colbert of the 16th Regiment of Foot led a force of British partisans and Chickasaws against the Spanish village and fort.
Although the United States of America had gained separation from the British as a result of the Revolutionary War, Arkansas remained in Spanish hands after the conflict. Americans began moving west to Kentucky and Tennessee, and the United States wanted to guarantee these people that the Spanish possession of the Mississippi River would not disrupt commerce. Napoleon Bonaparte's conquest of Spain shortly after the American Revolution forced the Spanish to cede Louisiana, including Arkansas, to the French via the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1800. England declared war on France in 1803, and Napoleon sold his land in the new world to the United States, today known as the Louisiana Purchase. The size of the country doubled with the purchase, and a stream of new White settlers led to a changed dynamic between Native Americans and Arkansans. Prior to the Louisiana Purchase, the relationship between the two groups was a "middle ground" of give and take. These relationships would deteriorate all across the frontier, including in Arkansas.
Thomas Jefferson initiated the Lewis and Clark Expedition to find the nation's new northern boundary, and the Dunbar Hunter Expedition, led by William Dunbar, was sent to establish the new southern boundary. The group was intended to explore the Red River, but due to Spanish hostility settled on a tour up the Ouachita River to explore the hot springs in central Arkansas. Leaving in October 1804 and parting company at Fort Miro on January 16, 1805, their reports included detailed accounts of give and take between Native Americans and trappers, detailed flora and fauna descriptions, and a chemical analysis of the "healing waters" of the hot springs. Useful information for settlers to navigate the area and descriptions of the people inhabiting south Arkansas was also included.
The settler-Native American relationship deteriorated further following the 1812 New Madrid earthquake, viewed by some as punishment for accepting and assimilating into White culture. Many Cherokee left their farms and moved shortly after a speech in June 1812 by a tribal chief admonishing the tribe for departing from tradition.
A small segment of the Territory of Missouri applied for statehood on March 2, 1819. The application included a provision that would bring Missouri into the Union as a slave state, which would upset the delicate balance of slave and free states. This application also defined all land in the Missouri Territory south of the parallel 36°30' north, except the Missouri Bootheel between the Mississippi River and the Saint Francis River north of the 36th parallel north, as the new Territory of Arkansaw. When the Missouri Enabling Act was taken up in the United States House of Representatives, James Tallmadge denounced slavery and succeeded in passing the Tallmadge Amendment in the House, an act that would have extinguished slavery in Missouri in a generation. The act was the first attempt to curb the rapid expansion of slavery along the country's expanding western frontier and caught many southern Democrats by surprise. The following day, John Taylor proposed identical restrictions on slavery before authorizing the Arkansaw Enabling Act. The banning of new slaves amendment was soundly defeated, but the gradual emancipation measure was tied until Speaker of the House Henry Clay cast the deciding no vote killing the Amendment and allowing Arkansas to organize as a slave territory. The Missouri Compromise was later struck allowing Maine to enter as a free state, thus allowing Missouri to enter as a slave state to keeping the balance of free/slave states at 12 each.
The uncertainty surrounding Missouri's status as a slave state caused a rapid out-migration of slaveholders into Arkansas. Slavery also became a divisive issue within Arkansas. The wealthy planters of southeast Arkansas strongly supported slavery since manual labor was the only method of harvesting cotton at the time. The northwest parts of the state did not have cotton plantations, and as little as 2% of the black population in northwest Arkansas was enslaved during the territorial era. However, northwest Arkansas backed slavery in support of the southeastern Arkansas planters.
Different aspects of frontier life are preserved today in three state parks. Historic Washington State Park in southwest Arkansas is a restored town that was formerly a bustling stop on the Southwest Trail. Davidsonville Historic State Park preserves one of early Arkansas's most important communities, including Arkansas's first post office and courthouse. Powhatan Historic State Park on the Black River allows visitors to relive a former riverport town during its heyday.
The new Arkansas Territory held its territorial government at the territorial capital, Arkansas Post, and included all of present-day Arkansas and Oklahoma except the Oklahoma panhandle. These lands became Indian Territory by 1828, leaving the modern day outline of Arkansas. Upon creation of the territory, President James Monroe appointed James Miller of New Hampshire, the hero of Lundy's Lane, as territorial governor, and young Robert Crittenden as secretary of the territory. Miller had little interest in governing the territory, and spent most of his time outside its boundaries. This left an opportunist Crittenden in charge of Arkansas, and he quickly assembled three judges together to form Arkansas's first legislature. Crittenden also held an election that selected James Woodson Bates as Arkansas's territorial delegate to Congress in addition to forming and filling the two branches of the General Assembly of Arkansas Territory. This election became contested when Miller returned and decided Arkansas would follow an 1812 law that all territorial legislative positions were to be filled by appointment, nullifying Crittenden's election. Congress later affirmed the election, but the situation formed a divide between Miller's followers and the Crittenden faction.
Miller and Crittenden were again divided over the relocation of the territorial capitol from the unsuitable backwater at Arkansas Post. The legislature discussed the issue of relocating the capitol in 1820, but could not decide between Little Rock and Cadron before the session ended. After the session ended, William Russell, owner of hundreds of lots around Little Rock, began selling them to legislators and influential men like Crittenden, Robert Oden, William A. Trimble, and Andrew Scott. Upon returning, the legislature passed a bill to move the capitol to Little Rock by three votes, increasing the value of many legislators' Little Rock lots significantly. In protest, Miller moved to a new house at Crystal Hill near Cadron before being reassigned to Salem, Massachusetts. During the move to Little Rock, Crittenden formed the Rose Law Firm with Chester Ashley, forming a powerful political alliance between The Family and Crittenden's supporters. Arkansas's second territorial governor was George Izard, a wealthy planter who moved to the territory from South Carolina. Izard succeeded in changing divorce law and briefly stopping the Quapaw removal in Arkansas. He also organized a militia and managed to quiet Crittenden, who remained as secretary of the territory. Izard died in 1828 and was replaced by John Pope, who was appointed by Andrew Jackson.
In an effort to prevent white settlers taking over their territory, the Quapaw signed an 1818 treaty relinquishing all their hunting lands in exchange for keeping 32,000,000 acres (13,000,000 ha) of land along the Arkansas River in south Arkansas in their possession. This treaty was later reneged upon the following year, with whites taking all but 1,000,000 acres (400,000 ha) back for settlement. At this time, Cherokee from Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina were being forced into Arkansas onto Caddo hunting lands west of Little Rock. The Caddo did not welcome the invasion of the Cherokee, who had thought they were moving to uninhabited land. The Caddo viewed the Cherokee as "domesticated" by the white man for signing treaties with the United States government and the tribes went to war. Cephas Washburn established Dwight Mission near Russellville as a school for Cherokee youth at the tribe's request in 1822. This school was later moved to Sallisaw, Oklahoma. The Osage signed a treaty to leave Arkansas in 1825 and moved to Kansas briefly before buying their own reservation in Osage County, Oklahoma. The United States established Fort Smith and Fort Gibson, Oklahoma, to keep the peace and trade with the Native Americans.
During the Industrial Revolution, cotton prices boomed and white settlers clamored for the fertile lands around the Arkansas River inhabited by the Quapaw. Eventually the government forced the Quapaw to a reservation in Louisiana with the Caddo. Antoine Barraqué led the Quapaw south in the winter of 1825–26. They found the Caddo inhospitable because the Quapaw were viewed as invaders and when the Quapaw's crop washed away twice due to flooding of the Red River, conditions got even worse. Combined with the overcrowding and lack of annuities promised to both tribes, the Quapaw were unhappy and followed chief Saracen back to their homeland along the Arkansas River. By 1830, the entire tribe had returned to Arkansas, and despite Governor Pope and Indian agent Richard Hannon, the Quapaw were removed to a separate reservation in northeast Oklahoma in 1833. Secretary Robert Crittenden was instrumental in acquiring the final removal.
The main attraction on Nissi is the 16th-century Pandelimonos Monastery, now the Ali Pasha Museum. Ali Pasha was killed here in the monks' cells on January 17, 1822, after holding out for almost two years. In the final battle, Ali ran into an upstairs cell, but the soldiers shot him through its floorboards from below. (The several "bullet" holes in the floor were drilled there when the original floor had to be replaced.) A wax version of the assassination can be seen at the Pavlos Vrellis Museum of Greek History in Bizani, south of Ioannina. A happier Ali Pasha, asleep on the lap of his wife, Vasiliki, can be seen in the museum's famous portrait. The Ali Pasha Museum also houses the crypt where Vasiliki hid, some evocative etchings and paintings of that era, an edict signed by Ali Pasha with his ring seal (he couldn't write), and his magnificent narghile (water pipe) standing on the fireplace. The community-run museum is generally open as long as boats are running; if the doors are shut, ask around to be let in. The local ticket taker will give a brief tour of the museum in Greek and broken English (supplemented by an English-language printed guide). A tour is free, but do leave a tip.