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Remove element by unscrewing the screw between the two points where the element goes in. The screw also has a sprung washer between its head and the element plate..careful not to loose it! The element lifts off the retaining brackets at the base. Bring forward carefully as the connection wires will be attached to the element. They should just slide off with a little coaxing...or maybe with the use of some pointed pliers.
In Jeddah. The protruding wooden balconies are for capturing cooling breezes. These old buildings are probably long gone, replaced by air conditioned steel and concrete structures. Old buildings there never looked exactly straight or plumb.
General Air Conditioning replaced the air ducts in our attick and replaced the registers in our home today. It took several hours so Darek and I spent a lot of time outdoors and avoiding them. Ozmo & Kitty kept a close watch on the workers.
Darek is still fighting a cold and called out sick at work today.
With the harlequin livery being progressively replaced, it's great to see Edinburgh buses in their 'proper' colours, just a shame they still can't run along Princes Street. Lothian Buses 765 (SN56ABV), a Wright Eclipse Gemini bodied Volvo B7TL, seen turning from South Charlotte Street onto Princes Street for the few yards it can run along there, with a Ford Transit Connect service van in hot pursuit.
Replacing an earlier scanned print with a better version 25-Feb-19, plus topaz DeNoise AI 21-Feb-25. Taken on a very dull late afternoon through tinted glass.
First flown with the Embraer test registration PT-SUG, this aircraft was delivered to SkyWest Airlines as N205SW in Dec-91.
It was sold to Bill Davis Racing as N223BD in Feb-03. In Nov-09 it was sold to Sahara African Aviation (South Africa) as ZS-PBT.
The aircraft was leased to Mocambique Expresso between May-10/Jan-11. It's believed to be still operational with a private owner. Updated (Feb-19).
Volkonskoite-replaced fossil wood from the Permian of Russia. (4.9 cm across at its widest)
This is a very rare specimen of fossil wood from Permian rocks in western Russia. Most fossil wood is preserved by quartz-permineralization or carbonization. This fossil wood has been replaced by a rare chromian smectite clay mineral called volkonskoite (Ca0.3(Cr,Mg,Fe)2(Si,Al)4O10 (OH)2⋅4H2O - hydrous calcium chromium magnesium iron hydroxy-aluminosilicate). The chromium (Cr) content gives the fossil its green coloration. The striations appear to be remnants of the original wood structure.
Host rocks & age: soft fluvial sandstones, Kazanian to Tatarian Stages, upper Upper Permian
Locality: Mt. Efimiatsk (Mt. Efimyatskaya), near the town of Efimyata, ~10 miles west of Votinsk Reservoir & ~30 miles southwest of Okhansk, Chastinsky District, southwestern Perm Region, western foothills of the southwestern Ural Mountains, western Russia
New Kwik Kerb Eurostyle curbing creates a striking border around the garden bed keeping grass out and much in - and matches the customer's driveway and compliments their home. Nice work!
Built in 1929, this 17-story Art Deco-style former passenger railroad station was designed by Fellheimer & Wagner to replace the multiple previous train stations and termini in Buffalo, which were scattered throughout the city and belonged to different railroads. The structure stands on the site of the old Union Depot built in 1874, which closed in the early 1920s. The station began construction in 1925 when the New York Central Railroad settled on building their new union terminal in Buffalo at the site, with the station being built to accommodate the expected growth of Buffalo from a city of about 550,000 people to one with 1.5 million people, and to accommodate continued growth in passenger numbers. However, both of these projections never materialized, with the city’s population growth and the railroad’s passenger numbers growth, already slowing in the 1920s, slowing further due to the Great Depression during the 1930s, and then beginning a long, steady decline, only being briefly buoyed by World War II before falling out of favor as automobile travel proved more flexible and air travel more swift than train travel. Due to these circumstances, the terminal was overbuilt and never reached its full capacity during its operations, only coming close during World War II due to resource shortages and mass mobilization of the United States during wartime. The terminal was offered for sale by the New York Central Railroad for one million dollars in 1956, but found no buyers, with continuing declines in passenger numbers, coupled with the decline in the population of Buffalo itself, leading to several services being ended during the 1950s and 1960s. In 1966, the railroad, in an effort to save costs and downsize their facilities, demolished several outbuildings in the complex, and in 1968, the once powerful New York Central Railroad, a husk of its former self, merged with the Pennsylvania Railroad in an attempt to consolidate their expenses and save both companies, but this merger proved unsuccessful, leading to their bankruptcy in 1976, with both railroads absorbed into the public-private partnership known as Conrail.
In the meantime, Amtrak was formed in 1971 to provide passenger rail service in the United States, operating out of the terminal until 1979, with the agency facing budgetary limitations that did not allow them to renovate the aging structure, which, when coupled with the massive expenses of keeping the building comfortable, dry, and well-lit, led to the agency building two smaller stations in Buffalo during the 1970s to replace it. The terminal was subsequently purchased by Anthony T. Fedele, whom managed to maintain the building in decent condition, but was unable to find any interested developers to reuse the building, and eventually fell behind on taxes, leading to the building being seized at foreclosure so the taxes could be recouped by the government. During the time it was owned by Fedele, the building was vacated by Conrail’s offices between 1980 and 1984, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, with the final operations at the terminal, the interlocking towers that once signaled trains arriving at the station, being shut down in 1985. In 1986, the building was purchased at auction by Thomas Telesco, whom did not maintain the building, selling off many artifacts and fixtures from its interior, and proposing grandiose and unrealistic schemes of what he would do with the building, including being a stop on a high-speed rail line between New York and Toronto. The building was then sold to Bernie Tuchman and Samuel Tuchman, with the building seeing further elements removed and sold, and the building continuing to decay.
In 1997, the terminal, then in poor condition, was purchased by Scott Field of the Preservation Coalition of Erie County, whom paid for the building’s back taxes, and shortly thereafter, formed the Central Terminal Restoration Corporation, transferring ownership of the building to the organization. The building was stabilized and secured under the stewardship of the Central Terminal Restoration Corporation, which opened the building for public tours in 2003, and holds many fundraising events at the station every year. The building has been preserved, but a restoration or adaptive reuse of the structure has so far remained elusive.
The building features a brown brick exterior with an octagonal corner tower, with a large barrel-roofed main concourse structure wrapping around the tower to the south and east. The facade of the tower features multiple setbacks, chamfered corners, corner clock faces at the roofline above the twelfth floor, a rotunda with large archways and buttresses atop the tower with a decorative trim crown at the parapet, vertical window bays that stretch from the building’s base to the roofline, large entrances with metal canopies, large transoms, and stone surrounds, pilasters, and stone trim and caps atop the parapets. The main concourse portion of the building features large arched curtain walls at the ends of its barrel vaulted roof, a cavernous barrel vaulted interior, large metal canopies over the entrances, and a tunnel underneath that once allowed traffic on Curtiss Street to run beneath the building, though this has been closed since the 1980s due to the building’s decay, with a light court between the waiting room and a low-rise office block in the front, which sits just east of the tower and presents a similar facade treatment to that of the tower, with vertically accentuated window bays and pilasters. The rear of the building is more spartan in appearance, with a scar from the former location of the entrance to the train concourse to the rear, with the connecting structure having been removed following the discontinuation of railroad services at the building in 1979. The train concourse features multiple platforms with Art Deco-style aluminum canopies with sleek columns, thin-profile roofs, and rounded ends, with the train concourse featuring arched clerestory windows and a gabled roof, and being in a rather advanced state of deterioration with vegetation having grown throughout the structure and the surrounding abandoned tracks between the platforms. Attached to the southwest corner of the main building is the baggage building, a simpler six-story Art Deco-style structure with a buff brick exterior, a penthouse above the main entrance to the building, pilasters, vertically accentuated window bays, steel windows, stone spandrel panels, stone trim, and stone parapet caps, with long canopies along the base of the front and rear of the building that protected incoming and outgoing mail and baggage from inclement weather. To the west of the baggage building is the one-story mail processing building, which features a similar facade treatment, with the main difference besides height being the rooftop monitor windows in the middle of the building’s roof. Southwest of the baggage and mail processing building, sitting close to Memorial Drive, is a structure that formerly housed the Railway Express Agency, which is more utilitarian than the rest of the surviving complex, and is in an advanced state of decay, with the demolition of the structure being planned to take place sometime this decade. The structure features large window bays with steel windows, stucco cladding on the brick structure, and the remnants of canopies on the north and south facades of the first floor, with a long and low one-story wing to the rear.
The complex is one of the largest designed by Fellheimer & Wagner, and has maintained a remarkable state of preservation in its original form with few changes since its construction, besides some damage from the years of decay and neglect in the 1980s and 1990s. Another notable structure by the firm, and one of the most well-known railroad stations in the world, is Grand Central Terminal in New York City, which was also built for the New York Central Railroad. In addition to Grand Central Terminal, the firm also designed terminals that are more similar in appearance to the Buffalo Central Terminal, including Union Station in South Bend, Indiana, and Cincinnati Union Terminal, with Grand Central Terminal, Buffalo Central Terminal, and Cincinnati Union Terminal being among the largest, most impressive, and most significant railroad stations ever built in the United States. The station, though unrestored, is still impressive, and hopefully will be eventually adaptively reused for an economically sustainable function.
Replacing the Series III Jaguar XJ in 1986, the XJ40 was once considered Britain's safest car, and came in many different varieties throughout its 8 year lifespan, including the Majestic, the Sport, the Gold, the XJ6 (base model), the Insignia, the XJR, the XJ12, the Daimler Double Six and the Daimler Vanden Plas.
Replacing an earlier photo from Jun-15 with a better version.
First flown with the Airbus test registration D-AXAG , this aircraft was delivered to Iberia and leased to Iberia Express as EC-LUS in Mar-13. It was retro fitted with 'Sharklets' in Nov-14. Current (Jul-17).
Replacing an earlier scanned photo with a better version.
This operated with United Airlines as N356UA for 14 years until it was stored at Goodyear (GYR), AZ, USA in Jun-03 and returned to the lessor. It was converted into a freighter in Mar-05 and leased to Hainan Airlines/Yangtze River Express in China as B-5059. As of May-14, it's still in service.
1982 Raleigh Royal Restoration
I purchased this Raleigh Royal to replace my worn out touring bike. It was in very poor aesthetic condition with a lot of surface rust however straight and free from damage. Most importantly it was made from Reynolds 531 tubing which comes from an era of bikes that I enjoy. Being in its original form it lacked the necessary additions that allowed it to be built up into a modern touring bike. Off to the frame builder with a list of modifications needed to install the new equipment I had purchased for it. Once complete it was powder coated and the original decals applied.
The modifications included;
• Bottle Holders on the seat tube
• Bottle Holder under the down tube
• Replace rear derailleur eyelet (chain stay)
• Remove existing cable guides under BB and replace with new
• Mudguard eyes on the rear drop outs
• Gear Lever Bosses (remove existing shifter tab from down tube)
• Cantilever bosses 700c
• Front rack braze on
• Threadless steerer
• Cantilever Bridge
• Pannier bosses on the rear seat stay
• Bottle cage boss to front fork, rear chain stay bridge and seat stay bridge (for mudguards)
• Rear wheel clearance on the chain stay for 10 speed cassette
• Fill 3 original headbadge holes on the headtube
Pats List;
• Headset - Chris King 1”
• Rear Derailleur – Shimano XTR 952
• Front Derailleur – Shimano Dura Ace 7803
• Crankset - Shimano Dura Ace 7803 180mm 52/39/30
• Shifters - Shimano Dura Ace 7803 3x10 speed
• Cassette Shimano 10 speed 14-34 (mix of junior 6700 & M770)
• Hub Rear - Dura Ace 7850
• Front Rear - Dura Ace 7800
• Rims – DT Swiss TK 540 29er Rim
• Stem – Ritchey Classic 130mm
• Brakes – Shimano R550 Cantilever
• Seat - Rolls
• Seatpost – Kona 27.2mm
• Mudguards - Raleigh
• Tyres – Continental Contact 700c x 32mm
• Rear Rack – Tubus Stainless Steel
• Front Rack – Tubus Stainless Steel
• Handlebars – Ritchey Classic 44cm
• Bar Tape – Ritchey Classic
iss071e462464 (Aug. 9, 2024) --- NASA astronaut and Expedition 71 Flight Engineer Matthew Dominick replaces research components inside the Electrostatic Levitation Furnace (ELF) located inside the International Space Station's Kibo laboratory module. The ELF supports safe observations of microgravity’s effect on materials exposed to high temperatures.
Now replaced by the modern (and ugly imo) La Grande Bibliotheque Francois Mitterand, you can breath and feel history when walking into this old study room of the old library in Paris. A block of concrete from outside, I was surprised to see the surroundings inside and took this shot with wide angle. Although deserted due to renovation, you could easily imagine the thousands of students who must have studied here back to back.
Review LG LED IPS Monitor 23MP65HQ (LG 23EA63V replaced) An Phat PC by dtien87 ductien daoductien - www.anphatpc.com.vn
Replaced DT shifters, Nitto Noodles & Tektro R200 levers with Campagnolo Chorus 11 speed shifters, Some HWY ONE bars, setup as an 11->9 Shimergo.
In 1832 a lightship was stationed at this area. In 1851, it was replaced by this conical brick shoal. This light was made obsolete by the White Shoal Light and was deactivated in 1910, and 2 years later it was abandoned. It now stands in ruins as one of only three lights having a "birdcage" lantern room. This light is extremely endangered, as the elements threaten its existence.
The Waugoshance Shoal is also renown for its haunting tale. During the 1800's, it was kept by John Herman, who often enhanced his job by heavy drinking. It is surmised that one night while in a stupor, he locked his assistant in the lantern room as a practical joke. It is believed that he fell into Lake Michigan and was never seen again. After that, many of those assigned to keep the shoal were terrified into refusing the assignment. Some were said to have had their chairs kicked out from underneath them should they have fallen asleep, and there was even one report of coal found shoveled into the boiler with no one around.
In PS5
1)duplicate bottom layer
2)on new layer, magic wand select sky shift+select multiple areas; select - feather 2 pts; clear (erase) sky, set at top layer
3)copy / paste a nice sky image as middle layer; add black layer mask; gradient tool mask light at bottom to dark at top
In 1918, the Erie Canal was replaced by the larger New York State Barge Canal. This new canal replaced much of the original route, leaving many abandoned sections. New digging and flood control technologies allowed engineers to canalize rivers that the original canal sought to avoid, such as the Mohawk, Seneca, and Clyde rivers, and Oneida Lake. In sections which did not consist of canalized rivers (particularly between Rochester and Buffalo), the original Erie Canal channel was enlarged to 120 feet (37 m) wide and 12 feet (3.7 m) deep. The expansion allowed barges up to 2,000 short tons (1,800 t) to use the Canal.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie_Canal
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_...
Replacing an earlier scanned photo with a better version 16-Jan-16, plus Topaz DeNoise AI 09-Dec-23.
Ordered by the leasing company GPA Group Ltd (Guinness Peat Aviation which later became GECAS), this aircraft was originally destined for lease to Vacationair, Canada as C-FVND but they ceased operations in Jan-90.
Instead the aircraft was leased to Futura International Airways in Feb-90, initially with the temporary Spanish registration EC-401. It was re-registered EC-ETB later the same month.
In late Apr-98 it was returned to GECAS, leased to UK company AB Airlines as G-OABF the same day and sub-leased back to Futura until Nov-98 when it was returned to AB Airlines.
It was then sub-leased to Transbrazil as PT-TDE during the European Winter season. It was returned to AB Airlines in May-99 and immediately sub-leased to Futura International again, this time as EC-HBT.
In Nov-99 AB Airlines ceased operations and the sub-lease was transferred back to GECAS until Apr-00 when the aircraft was returned. It was re-registered N545NK for a couple of months and then leased to All Nippon Airways subsidiary ANK Air Nippon as JA391K in Jun-90.
JA391K was sub-leased to Air Do (Hokkaido International Airlines) in Apr-05 and operated by them for 3 years until it was returned to ANK and GECAS in Jul-08. It was immediately leased to Skynet Asia Airways, still as JA391K.
Skynet Asia was renamed Solaseed Air in Jul-11 and the aircraft continued in service until it was retired and returned to the lessor as N609SC in Apr-12. It was permanently retired at Greenwood, MS, USA. The registration N609SC was never applied to the aircraft and it was last noted at Greenwood in Nov-12, still as JA391K, and was later broken up.
The castle has been the seat of the Percy family since Norman times. By 1138 the original motte and bailey castle, with wooden buildings, was replaced with stone buildings and walls. In 1309 the keep and defences were made even stronger by Henry de Percy. The castle then stayed unchanged for 400 years. By the 18th century it had fallen into ruins. The keep however was then turned into a gothic style mansion by Robert Adam. In the 19th century the Duke of Northumberland carried out more restoration of the castle.
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ALNWICK CASTLE, THE CASTLE, STABLE COURT AND COVERED RIDING SCHOOL INCLUDING WEST WALL OF RIDING SCHOOL
Heritage Category: Listed Building
Grade: I
List Entry Number: 1371308
National Grid Reference: NU 18685 13574
Details
This list entry was subject to a Minor Amendment on 05/10/2011
NU 1813 NE 2/1 NU 1813 SE 1/1 20.2.52. 5330
Alnwick Castle The Castle, Stable Court and Covered Riding School including West Wall of Riding School
GV I
Alnwick Castle has work of every period on the line of the original motte and bailey plan. By 1138 a strong stone built border castle with a shell keep in place of the motte, formed the nucleus of the present castle with 2 baileys enclosing about 7 acres. The curtain walls and their square towers rest on early foundations and the inner gatehouse has round-headed arches with heavy chevron decoration. The Castle was greatly fortified after its purchase by Henry de Percy 1309 - the Barbican and Gatehouse, the semi-circular towers of the shell keep, the octagonal towers of the inner gateway and the strong towers of the curtain wall date from the early to mid C14. Ruinous by the C18, the 1st Duke had it rehabilitated and extended by James Prince and Robert Adam, the latter being mainly concerned with the interior decoration, very little of which remains except for fireplaces in the Housekeeper's and the Steward's Rooms and for inside the present Estates Office range. Capability Brown landscaped the grounds, filling in the former moat (formed by Bow Burn). The 4th Duke employed Anthony Salvin 1854-65 at the cost of £1/4 million to remove Adam's fanciful Gothic decoration, to restore a serious Gothic air to the exterior and to redesign the state rooms in an imposing grand Italian manner. The Castle is approached from Bailliff gate through the crenellated Barbican and Gatehouse (early C14): lion rampant (replica) over archway, projecting square side towers with corbelled upper parts, fortified passage over dry moat to vaulted gateway flanked by polygonal towers. Stone figures on crenellations here, on Aveners Tower, on Record Tower and on Inner Gateway were carved circa 1750-70 by Johnson of Stamfordham and probably reflect an earlier similar arrangement. In the Outer Bailey to the, north are the West Garrett (partly Norman), the Abbott's Tower (circa 1350) with a rib vaulted basement, and the Falconer's Tower (1856). To the south are the Aveners Tower [C18], the Clock Tower leading into the Stable Yard, the C18 office block, the Auditor's Tower (early Clk) and the Middle Gateway (circa 1309-15) leading to the Middle Bailey. The most prominent feature of the Castle on the west side is the very large Prudhoe Tower by Salvin and the polygonal apse of the chapel near to it. In the Middle Bailey, to the south are the Warders Tower (1856) with the lion gateway leading by a bridge to the grand stairs into the walled garden, the East Garrett and the Record Tower (C14, rebuilt 1885). In the curtain wall to the north are 2 blocked windows probably from an early C17 building now destroyed and the 'Bloody Gap', a piece of later walling possibly replacing a lost truer; next a small C14 watch tower (Hotspur's Seat); next the Constable's Tower, early C14 and unaltered with a gabled staircase turret; close by is the Postern Tower, early C14, also unaltered.'To the north-west of the Postern Tower is a large terrace made in the C18, rebuilt 1864-65, with some old cannon on it. The Keep is entered from the Octagon Towers (circa 1350) which have 13 heraldic shields below the parapet, besides the agotrop3ic figures, and a vaulted passage expanded from the Norman gateway (fragments of chevron on former outer arch are visible inside). The present arrangement of the inner ward is largely Salvin's work with a covered entrance with a projecting storey and lamp-bracket at the rear of the Prudhoe Tower and a corbelled corridor at 1st floor level on the east. Mediaeval draw well on the east wall, next to the original doorway to the keep, now a recess The keep, like the curtain walls, is largely mediaeval except for some C18 work on the interior on the west and for the Prudhoe Tower and the Chapel. The interior contrasts with the rugged mediaeval exterior with its sumptuous Renaissance decoration, largely by Italians - Montiroli, Nucci, Strazza, Mantavani and inspired from Italian sources. The chapel with its family gallery at the east end has 4 short rib vaulted bays and a shallow 3-light apse; side walls have mosaics, covered now with tapestry. The grand staircase With its groin vaulted ceiling leads to the Guard Chamber from which an ante-room leads west into the Library (in the Prudhoe Tower) and east into the Music Room (fireplace with Dacian captives by Nucci). Further on are the Red Drawing Room (caryatid fireplace by Nucci) and the Dining Room (ceiling design copied from St Lorenzo f.l.m. in Rome and fireplace with bacchante by Strazza and faun by Nucci). South of the Middle Gateway are Salvin's impressive Kitchen quarters where the oven was designed to burn a ton of coal per day. West of the Stable Courtyard, with C19 Guest Hall at the south end, is the C19 covered riding school, with stable to north of it, and with its west wall forming the east side of Narrowgate. The corner with Bailliffgate has an obtuse angled tower of 2 storeys, with a depressed ogee headed doorway from the street, and merlons.
Listing NGR: NU1863413479
historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/137130...
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ALNWICK CASTLE
Heritage Category: Park and Garden
Grade: I
List Entry Number: 1001041
National Grid Reference: NU1739315366, NU2254414560
Details
Extensive landscape parks and pleasure grounds developed from a series of medieval deer parks, around Alnwick Castle, the seat of the Percy family since the C14.
Between 1750 and 1786, a picturesque landscape park was developed for Hugh, first Duke of Northumberland, involving work by James Paine, Robert Adam, and the supervision of work by Lancelot Brown (1716-83) and his foremen Cornelius Griffin, Robson, and Biesley in the 1760-80s, working alongside James and Thomas Call, the Duke's gardeners. During the C19 each successive Duke contributed and elaborated on the expansive, planned estate landscape, within which the landscape park was extended. This was accompanied by extensive C19 garden works, including a walled, formal flower garden designed in the early C19 by John Hay (1758-1836), and remodelled mid C19 by William Andrews Nesfield (1793-1881).
NOTE This entry is a summary. Because of the complexity of this site, the standard Register entry format would convey neither an adequate description nor a satisfactory account of the development of the landscape. The user is advised to consult the references given below for more detailed accounts. Many Listed Buildings exist within the site, not all of which have been here referred to. Descriptions of these are to be found in the List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest produced by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport.
HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT
In the C13, Hulne Park, West Park, and Cawledge were imparked within the Forest of Alnwick. Hulne Park lay to the north-west of Alnwick Castle and Cawledge to the south and south-east. By the late Middle Ages, Hulne Park extended to 4000 acres (c 1620ha) enclosed by some 13 miles (c 21km) of wall. It was stocked with some 1000 fallow deer and a tower at Hulne Priory served as a hunting lodge. The parks formed the basis of Alnwick Park, landscaped by Sir Hugh Smithson (1714-86) who in 1750 became Earl of Northumberland, inheriting his father-in-law's northern estates. Prior to this, from 1748 he and his wife, Elizabeth Seymour (1716-76), had lived at Stanwick, Yorkshire (qv) and at Syon Park, London (qv), where they had already established a reputation for gardening, attested by Philip Miller's dedication, in 1751, of his Gardener's Dictionary to the Earl.
Together they embarked on an ambitious scheme to restore the Castle, develop the grounds and estate, and restore the Percy family traditions and identity at Alnwick. Those employed at Alnwick were also involved elsewhere on the Northumberland estates: James Paine, architect at Syon House, Daniel Garrett, architect at Northumberland House, the Strand (1750-3), Robert Adam, architect at Syon (1762-9), Lancelot Brown, landscape architect at Syon Park (1754-72).
In 1751, Thomas Call (1717-82), who had been the Earl's gardener at Stanwick, prepared a scheme for the parklands and pleasure grounds, including a plan for Brizlee Hill (the south part of Hulne Park). Call and his relation James, working at Alnwick by 1756, were responsible for the development of Hulne Park over twenty years. The date and extent of Lancelot Brown's involvement at Alnwick is uncertain, although his foremen Griffin, Robson, and Biesley worked at Alnwick with teams of men between 1771and 1781 and records shown that they also worked alongside Call and his men (in 1773 for example, Call had a team of sixty men and Biesley one of seventy-eight).
Hulne Park was developed as a picturesque pleasure ground with extensive rides, follies, and the enhancement of natural features. A characteristic of the Duke's scheme was his recognition of antiquarian sites within the landscape, which were embellished. Thus in 1755, Hulne Priory was purchased to become the focal point of Hulne Park. A garden was made within the cloister walls and, from c 1763, the priory became the gamekeeper's residence, with a menagerie of gold and silver pheasants. Statues of friars cut by the mason Matthew Mills were set in the landscape. In 1774, a medieval commemorative cross to Malcolm Canmore (listed grade II), situated at the northern entrance to the North Demesne, was restored.
Following the Duchess' death in 1776, the Duke decorated all her favourite locations with buildings, some being ideas she had noted in her memoranda. Work also included other notes and ideas the Duchess had had, including the ruin at Ratcheugh Crag and some ninety-eight drives and incidents.
Plans for the parklands at the North Demesne, Denwick, and Ratcheugh Crags were developed in the late 1760s, although in the case of the North Demesne some parkland planting had been undertaken by 1760, and the major work undertaken in the early 1770s is that attributed to Brown, mainly on stylistic grounds.
During the C19, under the second Duke (1742-1817) the parks were extended, this including the purchase of Alnwick Abbey and part of its estate. The complex of drives was also extended and this was accompanied by extensive plantations, including the large Bunker Hill plantation central to the north area of Hulne Park, named to commemorate the Duke's action in 1775 in the War of American Independence. Most significantly, between 1806 and 1811, building centred on construction of a perimeter wall, defining the boundary of Hulne Park, and lodges and gateways at entrances to the parks. The carriage drives were extended, necessitating the construction of bridges over the River Aln. These schemes were implemented by estate workers, local masons, and David Stephenson, the Duke's architect.
As the Castle had no formal flower gardens, John Hay was commissioned between 1808 and 1812 to design pleasure gardens to the south-east of the Castle, linking it with a new walled garden at Barneyside, furnished with a range of hothouses, glasshouses, and pine pits. These were extended in the 1860s when Anthony Salvin, employed in the restoration of the Castle, built a gateway between the inner bailey and the pleasure gardens. Nesfield designed a scheme for the walled gardens to be developed as an ornamental flower and fruit garden, with a large central pool, conservatory, and a series of broad terraces and parterres. The Alnwick scheme can be compared to Nesfield's in the precincts of Arundel Castle, West Sussex (qv), in 1845.
Alnwick Castle, parks and estate remain (2000) in private ownership, the latest significant developments being the replanting and restoration of the North Demesne (1990s) and plans to completely remodel the walled garden.
SUMMARY DESCRIPTION
Alnwick Castle parks cover a tract of countryside encircling Alnwick town on its west, north, north-east, and south sides. The land is a mixture of contrasting landscape types, with high heather moorland and the rough crags of the Northumbrian Sandstone Hills sweeping down to the improved pasture lands along the wooded Aln valley. The parks exploit the boundaries of these distinctive landforms where the rugged moorland gives way to the pastoral, rolling landscape of the Aln, on its route to the sea. In the west parklands the river is confined between hills, and in places has incised deep, narrow valleys while in the east the landscape is more open.
The registered area of 1300ha is bounded on its north-east side by the Hulne Park wall, west of the Bewick to Alnwick Road (B6346). The west side of the area here registered follows field boundaries to the west of Shipley Burn, starting at Shipley Bridge, and then turns south-west at a point c 1km south of the bridge. It then runs for south-west for c 2.3km, to the west of Hulne Park, before crossing the River Aln and running parallel to Moorlaw Dean for c 1.2km, on the west side of the burn. The southern area is defined by Hulne Park wall running around the south point of Brizlee Wood then in a line due east, south of Cloudy Crags drive, to cross the Stocking Burn and reach Forest Lodge. The boundary then defines the north-western extent of Alnwick town and, crossing the Canongate Bridge, the southernmost extent of the Dairy Grounds.
To the east of the Castle the registered area takes in the entire North Demesne bounded on its north by Long Plantation, a perimeter belt which lies on the south side of Smiley Lane and then extends eastwards to meet the junction of the B1340 and A1 trunk road. The A1 has effectively cut through the North Demesne from north to south and, although physically divorcing the two areas, they are still visually conjoined. Defined on its north side within the hamlet of Denwick by tree belts, the park extends eastwards for 1km before cutting across southwards to meet the River Aln at Lough House. This latter stretch is bounded by a perimeter belt. The south boundary of the North Demesne follows the river in part, before meeting the Alnwick to Denwick road (B1340). To the south, the Castle gardens are delimited from the town by property boundaries along Bondgate. An outlying area of designed landscape at Ratcheugh is also included.
A complex series of drives is laid throughout the parks, particularly in Hulne Park. A series of thirty standing stones stand at the beginning of the drives or where they converge. These are inscribed with the names of the drives and act as signposts.
Alnwick Castle (1134 onwards, c 1750-68 by James Paine and Robert Adam, 1854-6 by Anthony Salvin, listed grade I) lies on the high ground on the south side of the Aln valley, commanding views to the north, east, and west. To the south is Alnwick town but the landscape is designed so that the town is not in view of the Castle. The principal views from the Castle lie over the North Demesne.
The North Demesne originally included Denwick Park (they have now been divided by the A1 road), and together these 265ha form the core parkland designed by Brown. Perimeter tree belts define the park, and clumps and scatters of specimen trees ornament the ground plan. The Aln has been dammed to give the appearance of an extensive, natural serpentine lake, with bridges as focal points: the Lion Bridge (John Adam 1773, listed grade I) and Denwick Bridge (1766, probably also by Adam, listed grade I). A programme of replanting and restoration of the North Demesne is under way (late 1990s).
The medieval deer park of Hulne extended to the north of the Shipley Road (outside the area here registered). Hulne Park is now 1020ha and is in agricultural and forestry use. The principal entrance from Alnwick town is Forest Lodge, the only extant part of Alnwick Abbey. Hulne Park is completely enclosed by an early C19 perimeter wall, c 3m high with shaped stone coping and buttresses every 20m. Nearly 5km of wall lies alongside roads, 5km across fields, and 5km defines perimeter woodland and moorland from the enclosed park.
The park design consists of a series of oval-shaped enclosures, defined by tree belts vital for shelter. The highest point is in the west area of the park, from where there are long-distance views east to the sea. The River Aln winds its way through the park via a series of contrasting steep valleys and flatter lands. The valleys are emphasised by planting on the upper slopes, while the lower areas are encircled with designed plantations to emphasise the river's meanders and ox-bow lakes.
Picturesque incidents survive at Nine Year Aud Hole, where the statue of a hermit (late C18, listed grade II) stands at the entrance to a natural cave along Cave Drive, and at Long Stone, a monolith standing high on the west side of Brizlee Hill, with panoramic views over Hulne Park to the north-west. The picturesque highlight is Hulne Priory (original medieval buildings, C18 alterations and enhancements, all listed grade I), which includes a summerhouse designed by Robert Adam (1778-80, listed grade I) and statues of praying friars erected in the Chapter House (late C18). The Priory's picturesque qualities are well appreciated from Brizlee Tower (Robert Adam, listed grade I), built in 1781 to commemorate the creation of the Alnwick parks by the first Duke and Duchess, a Latin inscription stating:
Circumspice! Ego omnia ista sum dimensus; Mei sunt ordines, Mea descriptio Multae etiam istarum arborum Mea manu sunt satae. [Look about you. I have measured all these things; they are my orders; it is my planning; many of these trees have been planted by my own hand.]
Brizlee is sited on a high point which can be seen in views north-west from the Castle, mirroring views north-east to the 'Observatory' on Ratcheugh Crag, a sham ruined castle sited as an eyecatcher on high ground and built by John Bell of Durham in 1784 (plans to further elaborate it were designed by Robert Adam).
Another principal feature of Hulne Park is a series of regular, walled enclosures (the walls set in ditches with banks cast up inside the compounds) which line Farm Drive, the central road through the park, north-westwards from Moor Lodge. This functioned as the third Duke's menagerie, and is still pasture.
The 15ha Dairy Ground links Hulne Park and the North Demesne. It principally consists of the Aln valley north-west of the Castle, stretching between Canongate Bridge and Lion Bridge, laid out as pleasure gardens. Barbara's Bank and the Dark Walk are plantations laid out with walks on the steep slopes with a Curling Pond to the north of the Aln.
The walled garden of 3ha lies to the south-east of the Castle, reached by the remains of C19 pleasure gardens laid out on the slopes above Barneyside. After the Second World War use of the glasshouses ceased, and until recently (late 1990s) the Estate Forestry Department used it. The earthwork terraces and remnants of specimen planting of Nesfield's scheme survive.
REFERENCES
Note: There is a wealth of material about this site. The key references are cited below.
The Garden, 5 (1874), pp 100-1, 188; 20 (1881), pp 155-6 Gardeners' Chronicle, ii (1880), pp 523-4, 587; ii (1902), pp 273-4 J Horticulture and Cottage Gardener 15, (1887), pp 296-8 P Finch, History of Burley on the Hill (1901), p 330 Country Life, 65 (22 June 1929), pp 890-8; 66 (6 July 1929), pp 16-22; 174 (4 August 1983), p 275 D Stroud, Capability Brown (1975), pp 103-4 Garden History 9, (1981), pp 174-7 Capability Brown and the Northern Landscape, (Tyne & Wear County Council Museums 1983), pp 19, 22-3, 27, 42 Restoration Management Plan, Alnwick Castle, (Land Use Consultants 1996) C Shrimpton, Alnwick Castle, guidebook, (1999)
Description written: August 2000 Resgister Inspector: KC Edited: June 2003
historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/100104...
See also:-
Huskies replaced Bulldogs at Drake University's Knapp Center on Sunday, May 30 as Hoover High School celebrated the Class of 2021. Hoover welcomed more than 200 new graduates and alums to their ranks.
Volkonskoite-replaced fossil wood from the Permian of Russia. (4.2 cm across at its widest)
This is a very rare specimen of fossil wood from Permian rocks in western Russia. Most fossil wood is preserved by quartz-permineralization or carbonization. This fossil wood has been replaced by a rare chromian smectite clay mineral called volkonskoite (Ca0.3(Cr,Mg,Fe)2(Si,Al)4O10 (OH)2⋅4H2O - hydrous calcium chromium magnesium iron hydroxy-aluminosilicate). The chromium (Cr) content gives the fossil its green coloration. The striations appear to be remnants of the original wood structure. The broken sides show that the massive, fine-grained volkonskoite breaks with a conchoidal fracture.
Host rocks & age: soft fluvial sandstones, Kazanian to Tatarian Stages, upper Upper Permian
Locality: Mt. Efimiatsk (Mt. Efimyatskaya), near the town of Efimyata, ~10 miles west of Votinsk Reservoir & ~30 miles southwest of Okhansk, Chastinsky District, southwestern Perm Region, western foothills of the southwestern Ural Mountains, western Russia
Paria River cutting near White House Road – too close for comfort.
White House Road provides the only vehicular access to the White House Campground and Trailhead, a popular area for recreationists to explore the Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness Area. GAOA funds will re-align the road and replace a low-water crossing with a box culvert. This work eliminates future reroutes by rebuilding the road to more stable conditions away from the Paria River’s edge and eliminates safety concerns at the low-water crossing, such as visitors becoming trapped due to flood conditions.
After replacing the fence realised over the years we have had a mud slide behind the shed resulting in the bottom having rotted away, had to cut away the lower 1mtr then dig out the excess mud build a retaining wall out of scaffold boards andf then rebuild bottom of shed
The SR 104 Hood Canal Bridge closed to traffic early Friday morning, May 1 for a project that replaces the east half (pictured here).
The bus depot was eliminated, not replaced: The state-owned Saskatchewan Transportation Company, which provided intercity bus service, was hatefully shut down by the government of Saskatchewan in 2017 as part its ongoing refashioning of Saskatchewan into some kind of horrible Oklahoma-like place. (The governing "Saskatchewan Party" controls 51 of 61 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan. That's awful!)
The depot was sold later in 2017. Greyhound Canada stopped running buses in Saskatchewan in 2018. So for bus riders in Saskatchewan everything turned completely to shit all at once!
In the University of Saskatchewan's news index I found evidence of an article in the Regina Leader-Post titled "New Bus Depot to be Built in Moose Jaw," published March 31, 1994. I feel that that article, in combination with an assessment of the building's physical appearance, provides us sufficient evidence to reasonably assert that the depot was probably erected in the 1990s.
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In downtown Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, on August 1st, 2018, on the south side of High Street East, between Main Street North and 1st Avenue Northeast.
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Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names terms:
• Moose Jaw (7013078)
Art & Architecture Thesaurus terms:
• abandoned buildings (300008055)
• bus stations (300007805)
• concrete (300010737)
• glue (300014815)
• signs (declatory or advertising artifacts) (300123013)
• squares (geometric figures) (300055637)
• stains (damage) (300379497)
Wikidata items:
• 1 August 2018 (Q45920935)
• 1990s in architecture (Q74235875)
• August 1 (Q2788)
• August 2018 (Q31179558)
• Crown corporation of Canada (Q5189488)
• Greyhound Canada (Q5353655)
• Saskatchewan Transportation Company (Q7425632)
• Southern Saskatchewan (Q14234758)
• Treaty 4 (Q17062856)
Library of Congress Subject Headings:
• Grids (Crisscross patterns) (sh2006005408)