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Ésta es una pequeñísima porción de una gota de agua que recogieron hace unas semanas Juan, Jaime y Jacobo en un arroyo saltarín como ellos y próximo al Duero junto la frontera con Portugal, en un pueblecito con nombre de cuento, Cozcurrita.
Juan, Jacobo y Jaime son mis amigos y , aunque niños, conocen como la palma de la mano todos los secretos del monte, saben donde están los escondrijos de invierno los tritones, en qué lugar se encuentran las madrigueras de los conejos y además de muchas otras cosas, recuerdan alguna historia de una hiena que despistada, fue encontrada en los encinares de Cozcurrita.
El caso es que yo tengo una pregunta para ellos. Eso sí, es una pregunta con trampa, pero creo que servirá para aprender o recordar algo importante...y aquí va la pregunta ¿Cuántos seres ves en la imagen?
Es fácil, verdad...si las Matemáticas no fallan yo diría que dos, uno a la izquierda y otro a la derecha. Si los viéseis mover, como el otro día, el "bichito" verde y grueso de la derecha, que es un ciliado de nombre raro, Chilodonella, recorre nervioso la gota de agua de acá para allá. El otro, delgado y casi transparente, se desliza tranquilo, sin cambiar su rumbo, tirado por ese pequeño hilo que nace de uno de sus extremos, es un flagelado. Uno y uno son dos...podría ser.
Pero si observo mejor y me olvido del señor lento y fino de la izquierda y me fijo en los granitos verdes del de la derecha podría pensar que Chilodonella es una glotona y que ha llenado su panza de ensalada... ¿y si os dijera que esos granitos verdes están vivos?
Chilodonella se traga las algas como un monstruo devorador, pero no las come, las guarda como un tesoro. Se ha convertido en un ser vivo que vive mucho mejor gracias a otros seres vivos, algas. Chilodonella tiene la cosecha de alimentos dentro de su propio cuerpo porque las algas fabrican para él azúcares y otras sustancias que fabrican continuamente. Seguramente, si tuviese rostro, veríamos a Chilodonella sonreír tranquilamente, no tiene que preocuparse por buscar su alimento para sobrevivir.
Pero ¿y las algas? Las algas dentro de la panza de Chilodonella son felices, están seguras, bien protegidas, como dentro de un invernadero y crecen mejor y sin riesgo a ser comidas de verdad...seguramente también sonríen.
Cuando dos seres vivos se asocian y se benefician el uno al otro, no sólo vieven mucho mejor, sino que son capaces de sobrevivir en lugares y en condiciones en las que solos no lo podrían hacer...esto es la simbiosis. Algo parecido a lo que dijeron los tres mosqueteros, como vosotros tres: Todos para uno y uno para todos.
La unión hace la fuerza (imaginad lo bien que nos iría a todos si imitásemos lo que hace Chilodonella y el alga Chlorella...pero sin comernos), cada vez me doy más cuenta de que la Natureza es sabia.
¿Cuántos seres veis ahora en la imagen?
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Chilodonella es un ciliado de pequeño tamaño representado por varias especies tanto de agua dulce como salada repartidas por todo el Planeta. Se incluyen entre éstas formas de vida libre y de alimentación omnívora, pero también un reducido número de parásitas que pueden causar enfermedades en los peces o en las larvas de algunos mosquitos.
Chilodonella se caracteriza por su pico redondeado y por tener un aparato bucal en forma de canasta, como Nassula, con el que aspiran, pequeños restos orgánicos, algas y bacterias. La canasta que constituye la faringe de este ciliado está formada por una varillas que forman un cilindro. Éste se abre por la parte ventral para estar en contacto con el fondo sobre el que Chilodonella se desplaza. Cada una de las varillas que forman esta canasta finaliza engrosándose en una pequeña cabeza que es móvil y que permite a Chilodonella manipular su alimento.
Sobre el aparato bucal de Chilodonella se sitúa una sutura oblicua que se extiende hasta el extremo del pico y que está constituida por una barrera ciliada. La parte ventral de Chilodonella es plana y está recorrida por varias hileras de cilios, la dorsal está abultada formando una pequeña joroba que se aplasta en la porción anterior y presenta líneas cruzadas con otros cilios muy cortos que se disponen en sus inmediaciones y en la zona de la periferia.
Algunas especies de Chilodonella como Chilodonella cyprini viven en el agua dulce y parasitan las células epiteliales de algunos peces, haciendo que su piel pierda brillo y cause posteriormente graves ulceraciones. Otras, como Chilodonella uncinata pueden causar infecciones mortales en las larvas de algunos mosquitos del género Culex y Anopheles, que viven en humedales, fundamentalmente arrozales y zonas pantanosas del continente asiático y que como vectores de virus transmiten al hombre, entre otras, enfermedades como la encefalitis japonesa.
El desarrollo de Chilodonella uncinata en las regiones en las que la encefalitis japonesa es una enfermedad endémica, podría ser un buen mecanismo del control de la enfermedad al limitar la proliferación de los mosquitos que son sus vectores de transmisión.
Chilodonella procede de una muestra de agua recogida por Juan, Jacobo y Jaime en un pequeño arroyo en las inmediaciones de Cozcurrita, en la comarca de los Arribes del Duero de Zamora y ha sido fotografiada a 400 aumentos empleando la técnica de contraste de interferencia.
Description
The swift fox Vulpes velox, a member of the canid, or dog, family, is related to wolves, coyotes, dogs, and other foxes. It can be distinguished from other kinds of foxes found in Canada, such as red, arctic, and grey foxes, by its small size (it is about the size of a house cat), the black spot on each side of its nose, and its black-tipped tail.
In winter, the swift fox’s fur is long and dense, mainly buff-grey on the head, back, and upper surface of the tail, and orange-tan on the sides, legs, and lower tail surface. The throat, chest, and belly are light coloured (buff to white). In summer, the fur is short and coarse and more reddish grey.
Males are slightly larger than females, average weights being 2.45 and 2.25 kg, respectively. The animal stands about 30 cm high at the shoulder, and its total length is about 80 cm.
Early settlers of the Canadian plains knew the swift fox as the “kit” fox, and the two names have been used interchangeably since that time. However, studies of the prairie kit fox of Canada and the central United States and the desert kit fox of the southwestern United States showed that the two animals have some differences in appearance. Hence, the plains-dwelling species was designated the “swift” fox, and its desert cousin retained the name “kit” fox.
The swift fox can be distinguished from the kit fox Vulpes macrotis by its shorter, more widely spaced ears and its more rounded and dog-like head. The kit fox is broader between the eyes and has a narrower snout. The swift fox also has a slightly shorter tail, averaging of 52 percent of its body length compared with 62 percent for the kit fox.
Information from www.hww.ca/hww2.asp?id=105&cid=8
Orix fighting at Etosha Nat. Park, Namibia.August 2004.
Antílope africano perteneciente al género Oryx. Vive en manadas de hasta 40 individuos, pero en estación lluviosa, se reúnen cientos. En sequía, puede pasar muchos días sin beber, sobreviviendo de la humedad que contienen frutos y raíces. Mide hasta 1,6 metros de largo y la altura de la cruz llega hasta el 1,2 m. Armados con largos cuernos rectos y anillados, de un metro o más de longitud, en contraste con sus pequeñas orejas. Son resistentes a las temperaturas extremas, a la sed, y además pueden mantener un galope sostenido durante muchos kilómetros. Como particularidad, pueden aumentar la temperatura de su cuerpo para poder irradiar el calor al ambiente en lugar de absorberlo, gracias a un sofisticado sistema de irrigación sanguínea que también permite que la sangre más fría sea la que riegue el cerebro tras pasar previamente por las aberturas de la nariz (narinas), donde se refresca. Su carácter temperamental se puede comparar al de un toro bravo, de forma que su caza es peligrosa para cualquier predador. Los machos luchan embistiendose con los cuernos en paralelo, de forma que se produce un forcejeo entre ellos sin que se llegue a herir al rival, mientras que a la hora de defenderse de depredadores, embisten apuntando con su cornamenta de forma que pueden ensartar a su enemigo. Es la única especie de antílope cuyos descendientes ya nacen armados.
Artist: Styx
Album: Return To Paradise
Title: Come Sail Away
I'm sailing away, set an open course for the virgin sea
I've got to be free, free to face the life that's ahead of me
On board, i'm the captain, so climb aboard
We'll search for tomorrow on every shore
And i'll try, oh lord, i'll try to carry on
I look to the sea, reflections in the waves spark my memory
Some happy, some sad
I think of childhood friends and the dreams we had
We live happily forever, so the story goes
But somehow we missed out on that pot of gold
But we'll try best that we can to carry on
A gathering of angels appeared above my head
They sang to me this song of hope, and this is what they said
They said come sail away, come sail away
Come sail away with me
Come sail away, come sail away
Come sail away with me
I thought that they were angels, but to my surprise
They climbed aboard their starship and headed for the skies
Singing come sail away, come sail away
Come sail away with me
Come sail away, come sail away
Come sail away with me
Patio de los Cipreses - El Generalife, Granada (Spain).
ENGLISH
This patio has a central pond surrounded by a myrtle hedge and in the middle of the pond there is another little pond with a stone fountain. The patio is so called because of the old cypresses that are in the verandas, the most famous of which is the Cypress of the Sultana (Ciprés de la Sultana) in which, according to the legend, Boabdil's wife used to meet a knight of the Abencerrajes family. This triggered the death of the people of this noble tribe, whose throats were slit.
A big 19th century stone staircase with a portico and two lions made of glazed pottery of Granada leads to the high part of the gardens, which go from the Hill of the Sun (Cerro del Sol) to the street Rey Chico. These gardens are hanging gardens that include simple vegetable gardens, myrtle clumps, trimmed boxes or hundred-year-old cypresses.
One of the staircases that are in these gardens is especially beautiful because of its beauty and originality. It is supposed to be the oldest staircase in these gardens (it already existed in the Muslim period). The staircase is divided in three flights, each with a fountain and handrails that are channels with running water. The staircase is surrounded by laurels that join their crowns and form a vault. The sun shines through this laurel vault and the light contributes to the extremely beautiful scene.
Two regal pleasure palaces, Palace of Dar al-Arusa and Palace of the Alixares, stood on the lands covering the area between the valley of the river Darro and that of the river Genil. They were abandoned and the passing of time has ended up destroying them. Recent excavations discovered them and showed their richness and magnificence, as well as the beautiful decorative elements that have been found.
Source: www.alhambradegranada.org/historia/alhambrageneralifepcip...
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CASTELLANO
Este patio tiene un estanque central rodeado por setos de arrayán y en el centro del estanque existe otro pequeño estanque con una fuente de piedra. El patio recibe su nombre de los viejos cipreses que encontramos en los cenadores, el más famoso de los cuales es el Ciprés de la Sultana en el que, según la leyenda, se veían la esposa de Boadbil y un caballero abencerraje, lo que desencadenó finalmente la muerte de los señores de esta noble tribu, que fueron degollados.
A través de una escalinata de piedra del siglo XIX con pórtico y dos leones de cerámica vidriada granadina, se llega a la parte alta de los jardines, que se extienden desde el cerro del Sol hasta el camino del Rey Chico, jardines colgantes que van desde simples huertas hasta macizos de arrayán, bojes recortados o cipreses centenarios.
Cabe destacar una de las escalinatas de las que encontramos a lo largo de los jardines por su belleza y originalidad, y que supuestamente es la más antigua del jardín (ya existía en tiempos de los árabes). Está dividida en tres tramos, en cada uno de los cuales se encuentra una fuente con surtidor, flanquedada por canales que conforman las barandillas y por donde bajan ruidosamente las aguas. La escalinata se encuentra rodeada por laureles, que unen sus copas formando una bóveda por la que se filtran los rayos del sol, configurando una estampa de una belleza indescriptible.
En los terrenos que van desde el valle del Darro al del Genil se alzaban dos regios palacios de recreo, el de Dar al-Arusa y el de los Alixares, que el abandono y el paso del tiempo terminaron por destruir, hasta que recientes excavaciones señalaron su situación, poniendo de relieve su riqueza, la magnitud de las ruinas descubiertas y los elementos decorativos encontrados.
Fuente: www.alhambradegranada.org/historia/alhambraGeneralifePCip...
Il silente abbraccio accoglie il compagno dallo sguardo felino, attento e scattante già corre tra i campi; come ogni giorno immutabile l'anziano padrone immobile è in attesa sulla seggiola, mentre la sigaretta fumante il cuore crogiola.
Understanding that
heavy things can't fly,
she let go of what was weighing her heart,
the things she could no longer control or carry,
and she gave herself a chance.
A chance to reach into the unassuming blue,
to embrace the possibility of an open sky,
with an open heart.
She gave herself
a chance to soar.
A friend of mine restores classic cars for a hobby/side-job and asked me to come over and shoot one of his cars. This is actually the '65 Mustang that he built for his mother. This classic started out as a coupe, but he changed it to a convertible. He also customized the front end and back end. The engine is also not original. He replaced it with a 302 from a late 80's Mustang. The car is really beautiful. He does nice work.
This was my first attempt at shooting a car and it definitely presented some challenges. I used my two speedlights to light it and ended up compositing several shots in Photoshop to get the right lighting and look I wanted. I was shooting the speedlights at full power and sometimes 1/2 power since I had the aperture tighted up to f10. Could have really used some Alien Bees or something here. Anyway, I think I did a pretty good job and the end result is pretty cool. I showed this final shot to my friend and he was really happy with it, which is what really matters here.
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Equipment: Canon 40D, EF-S 17-55mm f2.8 IS USM
Strobist: main image and base image for background: 580EX II, camera left, bounced in 45" umbrella, LP120, camera right, bare aimed at side of vehicle.
layer: LP120, camera right, bare, aimed at front fender and wheel.
layer: 580EX II, camera right, handheld over the back end of the car, through umbrella to light up the convertible top cover a bit more.
Please View On Black!
I had this song stuck in my head during this shoot.
"Bruised" - Jack's Mannequin
"I've got my things, I'm good to go
You met me at the terminal
Just one more plane ride and it's done
"We stood like statues at the gate
Vacation's come and gone too late
There's so much sun where I'm from
I had to give it away, had to give you away
"And we spent four days on an
Island at your family's old hotel
Sometimes perfection can be
It can be perfect hell, perfect...
"Hours pass, and she still counts the minutes
That I am not there, I swear I didn't mean
For it to feel like this
Like every inch of me is bruised, bruised
And don't fly fast. Oh, pilot can you help me?
Can you make this last? This plane is all I got
So keep it steady, now
Cause every inch you see is bruised
"I lace my Chucks, I walk the aisle
I take my pills, the babies cry
All I hear is what's playing through
The in-flight radio
Now every word of every song
I ever heard that made me wanna stay
Is what's playing through
The in-flight radio, and I
And I am, finally waking up
"Hours pass, and she still counts the minutes
That I am not there, I swear I didn't mean
For it to feel like this
Like every inch of me is bruised, bruised
Don't fly fast. Oh, pilot can you help me?
Can you make this last? This plane is all I got
So keep it steady, now
Cause every inch you see is bruised, yeah
"So read your books, but stay out late
Some nights, some nights, and don't think
That you can't stop by the bar
You haven't shown your face here since the bad news
Well I'm here till close, with fingers crossed
Each night cause your place isn't far
"And hours pass, and hours pass, yeah, yeah...
"Yeah, yeah, she still counts the minutes
That I am not there, I swear I didn't mean
For it to feel like this
Like every inch of me is bruised, bruised
And don't fly fast. Oh, pilot can you help me?
Can you make this last? This plane is all I got
So keep it steady, now
Cause every inch you see is bruised, bruised, bruised"
-
Nikon D90
18-105mm VR
SB-900 w/ shoot through umbrella, camera left
An early morning mist rises off Beardy Waters just north of Glen Innes as the suns rays start to find their way through the trees and light up the countryside.
Taken during the 1200kms for Kids Charity Bike Ride... as the riders braved the icy air, I stopped to grab some of the pretty countryside in this part of the world.
The Beardy Waters is a river, which is about 70 kilometres (43 mi) in length, in the Northern Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia.
The Beardy Waters rises near Ben Lomond Mountain south of Glen Innes in the New England region. It flows north to the east of Glen Innes, New South Wales and then north-west to where it joins the Severn River (New South Wales) below Rangers Road.
The name of the river derives from two bearded stockmen who were among the first European settlers of the district through which the river flows. The river was previously known as: Maybole Creek, The Beardy Water, Beardy River and The Beardy Waters.
A weir construction across the Beardy Waters was commenced in October 1930 after a grant of ₤5,500 was made available for the work. This money was granted to pay men working on unemployment relief. Completed in July 1932 at a cost of ₤10,847 it has a capacity of 100 million imperial gallons (450,000 m3) with the flood gates closed.
Zuki really wants a duck. He still loves his seal, "Club", but he's not getting along with whale or pig that much. He hasn't even bothered to name them.
I wanted to put that in illustration tonight with duck boots, which were promised at my last Bench Monday, but he threw a hissy fit.
"NOT DUCKS, MUM! THESE ARE NOT DUCKS!"
So he's back in the closet. I'm hoping he comes out for tomorrow's shot which will be a face down tuesday, but includes a bed. Unfortunately, that will disqualify the shot as a "Face Down Tuesday", but I also said on Wednesday that I would explain why I couldn't sleep until 3AM.
So much catching up to do. I feel that I've neglected my contacts horribly. They started making me actually do work at work. It's 10:20 and I'm just uploading, and I swore I'd try to sleep like a semi-normal person this week.
Best viewed LARGE on Black: bighugelabs.com/onblack.php?id=4276443308&size=large&...
The ground has been frozen solid here for over two weeks now, so we're definitely looking ahead to Springtime. These are yellow trillium at Sosebee Cove, taken April 20, 2008. We will be going back in late April or early May - I'm guessing Spring will be later this year.
Sosebee Cove is a picturesque high elevation north facing cove forest covering 175 acres. The trail through the cove is dedicated to Arthur Woody, (the "Barefoot Ranger"), the first Forest Ranger in the State of Georgia, who served from 1911 to 1945. He negotiated the purchase of Sosebee Cove. Due to its north facing orientation Sosebee Cove has a rich diversity of shade tolerant trees, shrubs and wildflowers. The forest is a maturing second growth forest. The Mesic forest is characterized by very large yellow poplars (Lirodendron tulipifera), and Yellow Buckeyes (Aesculus flava). There are also a few more unusual specimens of trees usually found farther north, such as Sweet Birch (Betula lenta), American basswood (Tilia americana), mountain maple (Acer spicatum), striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum), and yellowwood (Cladastris kentukea). Smaller trees include flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), and several viburnums.
With its north facing aspect, the cove has a rich display of wildflowers encompassing the diversity of spring ephemerals to the autumn glory of goldenrods and asters. Species commonly encountered in the spring include Jack-in-the-pulpit, large flowered bellwort, Solomon's seal, showy orchid, blue cohosh, purple toadshade, and large flowered trillium.
ift.tt/1RnQb6H Bob Dylan's historical bio timeline | #BobDylan #history #retro #vintage #digitalhistory ift.tt/1LxnOpN via Histolines
Eve Strange - Model Mayhem #103520
Coogan Photo - Model Mayhem #518290
Model: Eve Strange - The Three Faces of Eve
Location: Shhhhhhh... it's a secret.
Lighting:
• Main light on model left: 4x6 Chimera with SB800 @ 1/4 -1/3 power.
• Back right side light: SB26 @ 1/2 power with 6.5" snoot
Photoshop: minimal
Many thanks to the seven photo assistants for helping me with the shoot.
John Groseclose - iaincaradoc, Geoff Reed, Lou Mangino, Steven Goldstein (keyholeprod), James Alan - Jim (Jimynd), Terry Hogan, Jeremy.
Learn how to light at Strobist.
Cubelles, Barcelona (Spain).
Effects of the East storms. / Efectos de los temporales de levante.
ENGLISH
The reclaimed wetlands of the river Foix estuary have made this area into one of the main attractions of the town. The River Foix, which is dry during most of the year due to construction of the Foix Resservoir is another of the most emblematic places in Cubelles. At the Foix estuary, you can spend the day enjoying nature and birthwatching, or at one of the picnic areas. This zone is also intended for school visits, as it is a place where children can study the ecosystem of a Mediterranean river such as the Foix.
The estuary is separated from the sea by a sand barrier which has accumulated over time, due to sea currents and rainwater sediments, forming freshwater laguens behind the barrier. The natural area of the Foix Delta has a branch of land that sticks out into the sea. This was formed during the floods of 1994 and joins onto another branch, leaving an island in the middle. Tourists can visit the island by crossing a wooden footbridge.
Source: www.cubelles.net/docs/20050211004068.htm
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CASTELLANO
La recuperación de los espacios húmedos de la desembocadura del río Foix ha convertido la zona en una de las de mayor atractivo del municipio. El río Foix -que desde la construcción del pantano del Foix está la mayor parte del año seco- es otro de los elementos más emblemáticos de los cubellenses. En la desembocadura del Foix, además de poder pasar un día rodeado de la Naturaleza, se puede observar el comportamiento de las aves autóctonas de esta zona o disfrutar de las áreas de picnic. El espacio también está dirigido a las escuelas, que pueden visitar y estudiar el ecosistema de un río mediterráneo, como es el del Foix.
Su desembocadura está separada del mar por una barrera de arena acumulada por las corrientes marítimas y los depósitos pluviales, formando lagunas de agua dulce en su interior. El Espacio Natural del Delta del Foix, mantiene el brazo de salida al mar que se formó por las riadas de 1994, a la que se ha añadido un segundo brazo dejando una isla en el medio, conectada con la zona de entretenimiento a través de unas pasarelas de madera. Otra pasarela de madera sobre uno de los brazos del río, sirve de punto de observación del desarrollo natural de la desembocadura del Foix.
For Christmas '08, my wife got me a nice shaving kit which included a Gillette Mach 3 razor. (featured here) I used it for a year, and was about to buy another pack of M3s when I realized how freaking expensive they were. I decided to give a Double Edge razor a shot. My per razor cost went from $2.25 to ¢10 (¢25 if I splurge and get the really nice ones.) The dirty little secret that Gillette doesn't want you to know: disposable cartridges with multiple blades do not necessarily give you a better shave. They're simply a matter of convenience, but that convenience comes at a price. If you'd rather not do the DE razor, go with something like a trac II, Atra, or Sensor... anything else is just more expensive, not better. Eventually, using the DE is just second nature.
I used that for a few months and decided to give a straight raozr a shot. Some say it's the closest shave you'll ever have, but I'm not quite there yet. I haven't got the nerve to go against the grain. One thing though... it feels kind of bad ass to shave with a straight. It takes me probably an extra 5-10 minutes to shave this way than it would with a regular razor, but it's worth it. No more wasting of plastic cartridges... and my use of DE razors is greatly reduced.
For this shot, I used a cross processing technique. Here's the tutorial I used. It's specific to GIMP. Mr. Sharp referred me to one for photoshop... I couldn't quite get it to work, which I think is the result of not having 'effect layers' in gimp. I probably could have adapted it to work in GIMP, but the other one seems to work on a similar premise, and required no translation on my part.
I also did the orton effect, in conjunction with the "smart sharpen" (see previous) The smart sharpen is quite a few steps, but worth it.
Question for those that might know: this cross processing technique is very similar to what I've seen for lomo effect. The end result is somewhat similar too. Makes sense because the distinctive use that lomos became famous for was because the film was developed with a cross process technique. So, my question is, what distinguishes digital lomo edits from other types of cross processing?
Ford was launched in a converted factory in 1902 with $31,000 in cash (approximately US$704 thousand, adjusted for inflation) from twelve investors, most notably John and Horace Dodge, who would later found the Dodge Brothers Motor Vehicle Company. Henry Ford was 40 years old when he founded the Ford Motor Company, which would go on to become one of the largest and most profitable companies in the world, as well as being one of the few to survive the Great Depression. The largest family-controlled company in the world, the Ford Motor Company has been in continuous family control for over 100 years.
During its early years, the company produced a range of vehicles designated, chronologically, from the Ford Model A (1903) to the Model K and Model S (Ford's last right-hand steering model)[1] of 1907.[2] The K, Ford's first six-cylinder model, was knows as "the gentleman's roadster" and "the silent cyclone", and sold for US$2800 (approximately US$65.4 thousand, adjusted for inflation);[3] by contrast, around that time, the Enger 40 was priced at US$2000,[4] the Colt Runabout US$1500,[5] the high-volume Oldsmobile Runabout[6] US$650, Western's Gale Model A US$500,[7] and the Success hit the amazingly low US$250 (approximately US$5.84 thousand, adjusted for inflation).[8]
The next year, Henry Ford introduced the Model T. Earlier models were produced at a rate of only a few a day at a rented factory on Mack Avenue in Detroit, Michigan, with groups of two or three men working on each car from components made to order by other companies (what would come to be called an "assembled car"). The first Model Ts were built at the Piquette Road Manufacturing Plant, the first company-owned factory. In its first full year of production, 1909, about 18,000 Model Ts were built. As demand for the car grew, the company moved production to the much larger Highland Park Plant, and in 1911, the first year of operation there, 69,762[9] Model Ts were produced, with 170,211 in 1912.[10] By 1913, the company had developed all of the basic techniques of the assembly line and mass production. Ford introduced the world's first moving assembly line that year, which reduced chassis assembly time from 12½ hours in October to 2 hours 40 minutes (and ultimately 1 hour, 33 minutes),[11] and boosted annual output to 202,667 units that year[12] After a Ford ad promised profit-sharing if sales hit 300,000 between August 1914 and August 1915,[13] sales in 1914 hit 308,162, and 501,462 in 1915;[14] by 1920, production would exceed one million a year.
These innovations were hard on employees, and turnover of workers was very high, while increased productivity actually reduced labor demand.[15] Turnover meant delays and extra costs of training, and use of slow workers. In January 1914, Ford solved the employee turnover problem by doubling pay to $5 a day, cutting shifts from nine hours to an eight hour day for a 5 day work week (which also increased sales; a line worker could buy a T with less than four months' pay),[16] and instituting hiring practices that identified the best workers, including disabled people considered unemployable by other firms.[17] Employee turnover plunged, productivity soared, and with it, the cost per vehicle plummeted. Ford cut prices again and again and invented the system of franchised dealers who were loyal to his brand name. Wall Street had criticized Ford's generous labor practices when he began paying workers enough to buy the products they made.[18]
Ford assembly line (1913)
While Ford attained international status in 1904 with the founding of Ford of Canada, it was in 1911 the company began to rapidly expand overseas, with the opening of assembly plants in England and France, followed by Denmark (1923), Germany (1925), Austria (1925),[19] and Argentina (1925),[20] and also in South Africa (1924)[21] and Australia (1925) as subsidiaries of Ford of Canada due to preferential tariff rules for Commonwealth countries. By the end of 1919, Ford was producing 50 percent of all cars in the United States, and 40% of all British ones;[22] by 1920, half of all cars in the U.S. were Model Ts. (The low price also killed the cyclecar in the U.S.)[23] The assembly line transformed the industry; soon, companies without it risked bankruptcy. Of 200 U.S. car makers in 1920, only 17 were left in 1940.[24]
It also transformed technology. Henry Ford is reported to have said, "Any customer can have a car painted any color that he wants so long as it is black." Before the assembly line, Ts had been available in a variety of colors, including red, blue, and green, but not black. Now, paint had become a production bottleneck; only Japan Black dried quickly enough, and not until Duco lacquer appeared in 1926 would other colors reappear on the T.[25]
In 1915, Henry Ford went on a peace mission to Europe aboard a ship, joining other pacifists in efforts to stop World War I. This led to an increase in his personal popularity. Ford would subsequently go on to support the war effort with the Model T becoming the underpinnings for Allied military vehicles.
[edit] History of the blue oval
The Ford oval trademark was first introduced in 1907. The 1928 Model A was the first vehicle to sport an early version of the Ford script in the oval badge. The dark blue background of the oval is known to designers as Pantone 294C. The Ford script is credited to Childe Harold Wills, Ford's first chief engineer and designer. He created a script in 1903 based on the one he used for his business cards. Today, the oval has evolved into a perfect oval with a width-to-height ratio of 8:3. The current Centennial Oval was introduced on June 17, 2003 as part of the 100th anniversary of Ford Motor Company.[26]
[edit] Post-World War I developments
In 1919, Edsel Ford succeeded his father as president of the company, although Henry still kept a hand in management. Although prices were kept low through highly efficient engineering, the company used an old-fashioned personalized management system, and neglected consumer demand for improved vehicles. So, while four wheel brakes were invented by Arrol-Johnson (and were used on the 1909 Argyll),[27] they did not appear on a Ford until 1927. (To be fair, Chevrolet waited until 1928.)[28] Ford steadily lost market share to GM and Chrysler, as these and other domestic and foreign competitors began offering fresher automobiles with more innovative features and luxury options. GM had a range of models from relatively cheap to luxury, tapping all price points in the spectrum, while less wealthy people purchased used Model Ts. The competitors also opened up new markets by extending credit for purchases, so consumers could buy these expensive automobiles with monthly payments. Ford initially resisted this approach, insisting such debts would ultimately hurt the consumer and the general economy. Ford eventually relented and started offering the same terms in December 1927, when Ford unveiled the redesigned Model A, and retired the Model T after producing 15 million units.
[edit] Lincoln Motor Company
On February 4, 1922 Ford expanded its reach into the luxury auto market through its acquisition of the Lincoln Motor Company, named for Abraham Lincoln whom Henry Ford admired, but Henry M. Leland had named the company in 1917. The Mercury division was established in 1938 to serve the mid-price auto market.[29] Ford Motor Company built the largest museum of American History in 1928, The Henry Ford.
Henry Ford would go on to acquire Abraham Lincoln's chair, which he was assassinated in, from the owners of the Ford Theatre. Abraham Lincoln's chair would be displayed along with John F. Kennedy's Lincoln limousine in the Henry Ford Museum & Greenfield Village in Dearborn, known today as The Henry Ford. Kennedy's limousine was leased to the White House by Ford.
[edit] Fordlândia
Main article: Fordlândia
In 1928, Henry Ford negotiated a deal with the government of Brazil for a plot of land in the Amazon Rainforest. There, Ford attempted to cultivate rubber for use in the company's automobiles. After considerable labor unrest, social experimentation, and a failure to produce rubber, and after the invention of synthetic rubber, the settlement was sold in 1945 and abandoned.
[edit] The Great Depression
During the great depression, Ford in common with other manufacturers, responded to the collapse in motor sales by reducing the scale of their operations and laying off workers. By 1932, the unemployment rate in Detroit had risen to 30%[30] with thousands of families facing real hardship. Although Ford did assist a small number of distressed families with loans and parcels of land to work, the majority of the thousands of unskilled workers who were laid off were left to cope on their own. However, Henry Ford angered many by making public statements that the unemployed should do more to find work for themselves.
This led to Detroit’s Unemployed Council organizing the Ford Hunger March. On March 7, 1932 some 3,000 - 5,000 unemployed workers assembled in West Detroit to march on Ford's River Rouge plant to deliver a petition demanding more support. As the march moved up Miller Road and approached Gate 3 the protest turned ugly. The police fired tear gas into the crowd and fire trucks were used to soak the protesters with icy water. When the protesters responded by throwing rocks, the violence escalated rapidly and culminated in the police and plant security guards firing live rounds through the gates of the plant at the unarmed protesters. Four men were killed outright and a fifth died later in hospital. Up to 60 more were seriously injured.[31]
[edit] Soviet Fords and the Gorki
In May 1929 the Soviet Union signed an agreement with the Ford Motor Company. Under its terms, the Soviets agreed to purchase $13 million worth of automobiles and parts, while Ford agreed to give technical assistance until 1938 to construct an integrated automobile-manufacturing plant at Nizhny Novgorod. Many American engineers and skilled auto workers moved to the Soviet Union to work on the plant and its production lines, which was named Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (GAZ), or Gorki Automotive Plant in 1932. A few American workers stayed on after the plant's completion, and eventually became victims of Stalin's Great Terror, either shot[32] or exiled to Soviet gulags.[33] In 1933, the Soviets completed construction on a production line for the Ford Model-A passenger car, called the GAZ-A, and a light truck, the GAZ-AA. Both these Ford models were immediately adopted for military use. By the late 1930s production at Gorki was 80,000-90,000 "Russian Ford" vehicles per year. With its original Ford-designed vehicles supplemented by imports and domestic copies of imported equipment, the Gorki operations eventually produced a range of automobiles, trucks, and military vehicles.
[edit] World War II
President Franklin Roosevelt referred to Detroit as the "Arsenal of Democracy." The Ford Motor Company played a pivotal role in the allied victory during World War I and World War II. As a pacifist, Henry Ford had said war was a waste of time, and did not want to profit from it. He was concerned the Nazis during the 1930s might nationalize his factories in Germany. During the Great Depression Ford's wages may have seemed great to his employees but many of the rules of the factories were very harsh and strict. Those were tense times for American companies doing business in Europe. In the spring of 1939, the Nazis assumed day to day control of Ford factories in Germany.
With Europe under siege, Henry Ford's genius would be turned to mass production for the war effort. After Bantam invented the Jeep, the War Department handed production over to Ford and Willys. When Consolidated Aircraft could at most build one B-24 Liberator a day, Ford would show the world how to produce one an hour, at a peak of 600 per month in 24 hour shifts. The specially-designed Willow Run plant broke ground in April 1941. At the time, it was the largest assembly line in the world, with over 3,500,000 square feet (330,000 m2) under one roof. Edsel Ford, under severe stress, died in the Spring of 1943 of stomach cancer, prompting his grieving father to resume day-to-day control of Ford. Mass production of the B-24 began by August 1943. Many pilots slept on cots waiting for takeoff as B-24s rolled off the line.[34]
In the United Kingdom, Ford built a new factory in Trafford Park, Manchester during WW2 where over 34,000 Rolls-Royce Merlin aero engines were completed by a workforce trained from scratch.
[edit] Post-World War II developments
At the behest of Edsel Ford's widow Eleanor and Henry's wife Clara, Henry Ford would make his oldest grandson, Henry Ford II, President of Ford Motor Company.
A Ford Taurus, one of Ford's best-selling models. In its 21 year lifespan, it sold 7,000,000 units. It is the 4th best selling car in Ford's history, behind only the F-150, the Model T, and the Mustang.
Henry Ford II served as President from 1945–1960, and as Chairman and CEO from 1960–1980. "Hank the Deuce" led Ford to become a publicly traded corporation in 1956. However, the Ford family maintains about 40 percent controlling interest in the company, through a series of Special Class B preferred stocks.
In 1947, Henry Ford died. According to A&E Biography, an estimated 7 million people mourned his death.
Ernest R. Breech was hired in 1946 and became the Executive Vice President. Then later became Board Chairman in 1955.
In 1946, Robert McNamara joined Ford Motor Company as manager of planning and financial analysis. He advanced rapidly through a series of top-level management positions to the presidency of Ford on 9 November 1960, one day after John F. Kennedy's election. The first company head selected outside the Ford family, McNamara had gained the favor of Henry Ford II, and had aided in Ford's expansion and success in the postwar period. Less than five weeks after becoming president at Ford, he accepted Kennedy's invitation to join his cabinet, as Secretary of Defense.
In the 1950s, Ford introduced the iconic Thunderbird in 1955 and the Edsel brand automobile line in 1958. Edsel was cancelled after less than 27 months in the marketplace in November 1960. The corporation bounced back from the failure of the Edsel by introducing its compact Ford Falcon in 1960 and the Mustang in 1964. By 1967, Ford of Europe was established.
Lee Iacocca was involved with the design of several successful Ford automobiles, most notably the Ford Mustang. He was also the "moving force," as one court put it, behind the notorious Ford Pinto. He promoted other ideas which did not reach the marketplace as Ford products. Eventually, he became the president of the Ford Motor Company, but he clashed with Henry Ford II and ultimately, on July 13, 1978, he was famously fired by Henry II, despite Ford posting a $2.2 billion dollar profit for the year. In 1979 Philip Caldwell became Chairman, succeeded in 1985 by Donald Petersen.
Harold Poling served as Chairman and CEO from 1990-1993. Alex Trotman was Chairman and CEO from 1993-1998, and Jacques Nasser served at the helm from 1999-2001. Henry Ford's great-grandson, William Clay Ford Jr., is the company's current Chairman of the Board and was CEO until September 5, 2006, when he named Alan Mulally from Boeing as his successor. As of 2006, the Ford family owns about 5 percent of Ford's shares and controls about 40 percent of the voting power through a separate class of stock.[35]
In December 2006, Ford announced that it would mortgage all assets, including factories and equipment, office property, intellectual property (patents and trademarks), and its stakes in subsidiaries, to raise $23.4 billion in cash. The secured credit line is expected to finance product development during the restructuring through 2009, as the company expects to burn through $17 billion in cash before turning a profit. The action was unprecedented in the company's 103 year history.
BLOGGED: 19 Nov. 2008: www.counterspinyc.blogspot.com/
New Yorkers Protest the US$850 BILLION (US$3 TRILLION) Wall Street BAILOUT: Wall Street, NYC - September 25, 2008.
This is actually a GOOD guy. See: billionairesforbush.com/index.php for more information.
VOTE YOUR CONSCIENCE on 04 NOVEMBER 2008!
Photographer: a. golden, eyewash design - c. 2008.
Friends,
The richest 400 Americans -- that's right, just four-hundred people -- own MORE than the bottom 150 million Americans COMBINED! 400 of the wealthiest Americans have got more stashed away than half the entire country! Their combined net worth is $1.6 trillion. During the eight years of the Bush Administration, their wealth has increased by nearly $700 billion -- the same amount that they were demanding We give to them for the "bailout." Why don't they just spend the money they made under Bush to bail themselves out? They'd still have nearly a trillion dollars left over to spread amongst themselves!
Of course, they are not going to do that -- at least not voluntarily. George W. Bush was handed a $127 billion surplus when Bill Clinton left office. Because that money was OUR money and not HIS, he did what the rich prefer to do -- spend it and never look back. Now we have a $9.5 trillion debt that will take seven generations from which to recover. Why -- on --earth – did -- our -- "representatives" -- give -- these -- robber -- barons -- $US850 BILLION -- of – OUR -- money?
Last week, proposed my own bailout plan. My suggestions, listed below, were predicated on the singular and simple belief that the rich must pull themselves up by their own platinum bootstraps. Sorry, fellows, but you drilled it into our heads one too many times: THERE...IS...NO…FREE... LUNCH ~ PERIOD! And thank you for encouraging us to hate people on welfare! So, there should have been NO HANDOUTS FROM US TO YOU! Last Friday, after voting AGAINST this BAILOUT, in an unprecedented turn of events, the House FLIP-FLOPPED their "No" Vote & said "Yes", in a rush version of a "bailout" bill vote. IN SPITE OF THE PEOPLE'S OVERWHELMING DISAPPROVAL OF THIS BAILOUT BILL... IN SPITE OF MILLIONS OF CALLS FROM THE PEOPLE CRASHING WASHINGTON "representatives'" PHONE LINES...IN SPITE OF CRASHING OUR POLITICIAN'S WEBSITES...IN SPITE OF HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE PROTESTING AROUND THE COUNTRY... THEY VOTED FOR THIS BAILOUT! The People first succeeded on Monday with the House, but failed do it with the Senate and then THE HOUSE TURNED ON US TOO!
It is clear, though, we cannot simply continue protesting without proposing exactly what it is we think THESE IDIOTS should/'ve do/one. So, after consulting with a number of people smarter than Phil Gramm, here’s the proposal, now known as "Mike's Rescue Plan." (From Michael Moore's Bailout Plan) It has 10 simple, straightforward points. They are that you DIDN'T, BUT SHOULD'VE:
1. APPOINTED A SPECIAL PROSECUTOR TO CRIMINALLY INDICT ANYONE ON WALL STREET WHO KNOWINGLY CONTRIBUTED TO THIS COLLAPSE. Before any new money was expended, Congress should have committed, by resolution, to CRIMINALLY PROSECUTE ANYONE who had ANYTHING to do with the attempted SACKING OF OUR ECONOMY. This means that anyone who committed insider trading, securities fraud or any action that helped bring about this collapse should have and MUST GO TO JAIL! This Congress SHOULD HAVE called for a Special Prosecutor who would vigorously go after everyone who created the mess, and anyone else who attempts to scam the public in future. (I like Elliot Spitzer ~ so, he played a little hanky-panky...Wall Street hates him & this is a GOOD thing.)
2. THE RICH SHOULD HAVE PAID FOR THEIR OWN BAILOUT! They may have to live in 5 houses instead of 7. They may have to drive 9 cars instead of 13. The chef for their mini-terriers may have to be reassigned. But there is no way in hell, after forcing family incomes to go down more than $2,000 dollars during the Bush years, that working people and the middle class should have to fork over one dime to underwrite the next yacht purchase.
If they truly needed the $850 billion they say they needed, well, here is an easy way they could have raised it:
a) Every couple makeing over a million dollars a year and every single taxpayer who makes over $500,000 a year should pay a 10% surcharge tax for five years. (It's the Senator Sanders plan. He's like Colonel Sanders, only he's out to fry the right chickens.) That means the rich would have still been paying less income tax than when Carter was president. That would have raise a total of $300 billion.
b) Like nearly every other democracy, they should have charged a 0.25% tax on every stock transaction. This would have raised more than $200 billion in a year.
c) Because every stockholder is a patriotic American, stockholders should have forgone receiving a dividend check for ONE quarter and instead this money would have gone the treasury to help pay for the bullsh*t bailout.
d) 25% of major U.S. corporations currently pay NO federal income tax. Federal corporate tax revenues currently amount to 1.7% of the GDP compared to 5% in the 1950s. If we raised the corporate income tax BACK to the levels of the 1950s, this would give us an extra $500 billion.
All of this combined should have been enough to end the calamity. The rich would have gotten to keep their mansions and their servants and our United States government ("COUNTRY FIRST!") would've have a little leftover to repair some roads, bridges and schools...
3. YOU SHOULD HAVE BAIL OUT THE PEOPLE LOSING THEIR HOMES, NOT THE PEOPLE WHO WILL BUILD AN EIGHTH HOME! There are 1.3 million homes in foreclosure right now. That is what is at the heart of this problem. So, instead of giving the money to the banks as a gift, they should have paid down each of these mortgages by $100,000. They should have forced the banks to renegotiate the mortgage so the homeowner could pay on its current value. To insure that this help wouldn't go to speculators and those who tried to making money by flipping houses, the bailout should have only been for people's primary residences. And, in return for the $100K pay-down on the existing mortgage, the government would have gotten to share in the holding of the mortgage so it could get some of its money back. Thus, the total initial cost of fixing the mortgage crisis at its roots (instead of with the greedy lenders) is $150 billion, not $850 BILLION.
And let's set the record straight. People who have defaulted on their mortgages are not "bad risks." They are our fellow Americans, and all they wanted was what we all want: a home to call their own. But, during the Bush years, millions of the People lost the decent paying jobs they had. SIX MILLION fell into poverty! SEVEN MILLION lost their health insurance! And, every one of them saw their real wages go DOWN by $2,000! Those who DARE look down on these Americans who got hit with one bad break after another should be ASHAMED.! We are a better, stronger, safer and happier society when all of our citizens can afford to live in a home they own.
4. THERE SHOULD HAVE BEEN A STIPULATION THAT IF YOUR BANK OR COMPANY GOT ANY OF OUR MONEY IN A "BAILOUT," THEN WE OWN YOU. Sorry, that's how it's done. If the bank gives me money so I can buy a house, the bank "owns" that house until I pay it all back -- with interest. Same deal for Wall Street. Whatever money you need to stay afloat, if our government considers you a safe risk -- and necessary for the good of the country -- then you can get a loan, but WE SHOULD OWN YOU. If you default, we will sell you. This is how the Swedish government did it and it worked.
5. ALL REGULATIONS SHOULD HAVE BEEN BE RESTORED. THE REAGAN REVOLUTION IS DEAD! This catastrophe happened because we let the fox have the keys to the hen-house. In 1999, Phil Gramm authored a bill to remove all the regulations that governed Wall Street and our banking system. The bill passed and Clinton signed it. Here's what Sen.Phil Gramm, McCain's chief economic advisor, said at the bill signing:
"In the 1930s ... it was believed that government was the answer. It was believed that stability and growth came from government overriding the functioning of free markets.
"We are here today to repeal [that] because we have learned that government is not the answer. We have learned that freedom and competition are the answers. We have learned that we promote economic growth and we promote stability by having competition and freedom.
"I am proud to be here because this is an important bill; it is a deregulatory bill. I believe that that is the wave of the future, and I am awfully proud to have been a part of making it a reality."
FOR THIS NOT TO REOCCUR, This BILL SHOULD HAVE BEEN REPEALED! Bill Clinton could have helped by leading the effort for the repeal of the Gramm bill and the reinstating of even tougher regulations regarding our financial institutions. And when they were done with that, they should have restored the regulations for the airlines, the inspection of our food, the oil industry, OSHA, and every other entity that affects our daily lives. All oversight provisions for any "bailout" should have had enforcement monies attached to them and criminal penalties for all offenders.
6. IF IT'S TOO BIG TO FAIL, THEN THAT MEANS IT'S TOO BIG TO EXIST! Allowing the creation of these mega-mergers and not enforcing the monopoly and anti-trust laws has allowed a number of financial institutions and corporations to become so large, the very thought of their collapse means an even bigger collapse across the entire economy. No ONE or TWO companies should EVER have this kind of power! The so-called "economic Pearl Harbor" can't happen when you have hundreds -- thousands -- of institutions where people have their money. When we have a dozen auto companies, if one goes belly-up, we DON'T FACE A NATIONAL DISASTER! If we have three separately-owned daily newspapers in your town, then one media company can't call all the shots (I know... What am I thinking?! Who reads a paper anymore? Sure glad all those mergers and buyouts left us with a STRONG and "FREE" press!). Laws Should have been enacted to prevent companies from being so large and dominant that with one slingshot to the eye, the GIANT FALLS and DIES. And no institution should be allowed to set up money schemes that NO ONE understands. If you can't explain it in two sentences, you shouldn't be taking anyone's money!
7. NO EXECUTIVE SHOULD EVER BE PAID MORE THAN 40 TIMES THEIR AVERAGE EMPLOYEE, AND NO EXECUTIVE SHOULD RECEIVE ANY KIND OF "PARACHUTE" OTHER THAN THE VERY GENEROUS SALARY HE OR SHE MADE WHILE WORKING FOR THE COMPANY. In 1980, the average American CEO made 45 times what their employees made. By 2003, they were making 254 times what their workers made. After 8 years of Bush, they now make over 400 times what their average employee makes. How We have allowed this to happen at publicly held companies is beyond reason. In Britain, the average CEO makes 28 times what their average employee makes. In Japan, it's only 17 times! The last I heard, the CEO of Toyota was living the high life in Tokyo. How does he do it on so little money? Seriously, this is an OUTRAGE! We have created the mess we're in by letting the people at the top become bloated beyond belief with millions of dollars. THIS HAS TO STOP! Not only should no executive who receives help out of this mess profit from it, but any executive who was in charge of running his company into the ground should be FIRED before the company receives ANY help.
8. CONGRESS SHOULD HAVE STRENGTHENED THE FDIC AND MADE IT A MODEL FOR PROTECTING NOT ONLY PEOPLE'S SAVINGS, BUT ALSO THEIR PENSIONS AND THEIR HOMES. Obama was correct to propose expanding FDIC protection of people's savings in their banks to $250,000. But, this same sort of government insurance must be given to our NEVER have to worry about whether or not the money they've put away for their old age will be there. This should have meant strict government oversight of companies who manage their employees' funds -- or perhaps it means the companies should have been forced to turn over those funds and their management to the government? People's private retirement funds must also be protected, but perhaps it's time to consider not having one's retirement invested in the casino known as the stock market??? Our government should have a solemn duty to guarantee that no one who grows old in this country has to worry about becoming destitute.
9. EVERYBODY NEEDS TO TAKE A DEEP BREATH, CALM DOWN, AND NOT LET FEAR RULE THE DAY. Turn off your TVs! We are NOT in the Second Great Depression. The sky is NOT falling, Chicken Little! Pundits and politicians have lied to us so FAST and FURIOUS it's hard not to be affected by all the fear mongering. Even I wrote to and repeated what I heard on the news last week, that the Dow had the biggest one day drop in its history. Well, that was true in terms of points, but its 7% drop came nowhere close to Black Monday in 1987 when the stock market in one day lost 23% of its value. In the '80s, 3,000 banks closed, but America didn't go out of business. These institutions have always had their ups and downs and eventually it works out. It has to, because the rich do not like their wealth being disrupted! They have a vested interest in calming things down and getting back into their Jacuzzis before they slip into their million thread-count sheets to drift off to a peaceful, Vodka tonic and Ambien-induced slumber.
As crazy as things are right now, tens of thousands of people got a car loan last week. Thousands went to the bank and got a mortgage to buy a home. Students just back to college found banks more than happy to put them into hock for the next 15 years with a student loan. I was even pre-approved for a US$5K personal loan. Yes, life has gone on with little-or-no-change (other than the whopping 6.1% umeployment rate, but that happened last month). Not a single person lost any of his/her monies in bank, or a treasury note, or in a CD. And, the perhaps the most amazing thing is that the American public FINALLY didn't buy the scare campaign. The citizens didn't blink, instead telling Congress to take that bailout and shove it. THAT was impressive. Why didn't the population succumb to the fright-filled warnings from their president and his cronies? Well, you can only say 'Saddam has the bomb' so many times before the people realize you're a lying sack of shit. After eight long years, the nation is worn out and simply can't take it any longer. The WORLD is fed up & I don't blame them.
10. THEY SHOULD HAVE CREATED A NATIONAL BANK, A "PEOPLE'S BANK." Since they're really itching to print up a trillion dollars, instead of giving it to a few rich people, why don't We give it to ourselves? Now that We own Freddie and Fannie, why not set up a People's bank? One that can provide low-interest loans for all sorts of people who want to own a home, start a small business, go to school, come up with the cure for cancer or create the next great invention. And, now that we own AIG - the country's largest insurance company - let's take the next step and PROVIDE HEALTH INSURANCE FOR EVERYONE. MEDICARE FOR ALL! It will SAVE us SO MUCH MONEY in the LONG RUN (not to mention bring peace of mind to all). And, America won't be 12th on the life expectancy list! We'll be able to have a longer lifespan, enjoying our government-protected pension and will live to see the day when the corporate criminals who caused this much misery are let out of prison so that We can help re-acclimate them to plain old ordinary, civilian life -- a life with ONE nice home and ONE gas-free car invented with help from the People's Bank.
P.S. Call your Senators NOW !!! ---> www.visi.com/juan/congress/
Since they voted against passing the extension of unemployment benefits and skipped out to "campaign" to us to be re-elected...call them and tell them you will vote for the other "guy" if they don't get their act together!
UPDATE:
The Bailout Is A Truly Evil Disaster And Enabler Pelosi Must Go
We are hearing more and more reports of how badly the ill-advised banker's bailout is being handled, multi-million dollar bonuses for Paulson's old cronies at Goldman Sachs, billions going to finance the takeover of rival banks, making the "too big to fail" even bigger, and the taxpayer getting an otherwise rotten deal for their investment. We even heard a Republic senator asking how fast they could blow the money.
NONE of this could have happened without the fawning complicity of Nancy Pelosi, who infamously said it was Bush's proposal, INSTEAD of coming forward with a robust alternative plan. Just like Bush, she believes she is immune, she believes she is unaccountable, and shame on us if we don't do everything we can to defeat her this Tuesday, and replace her with Cindy Sheehan.
Here is Cindy's last TV spot. Please make whatever donation you can to put this ad on the air in these critical final days.
Last Cindy TV Spot Action Page:
www.usalone.com/cindy/donations_tv2.php
There is still time for you to make a real difference. We thank all of our participants who have already donated so generously to make this campaign what it is. For those who cannot make a contribution, please consider helping with the phone banking, and there is a link for that also on the page above.
The one thing we know is that we must continue to speak out. We must continue to challenge. Surrendering is what our current so-called representatives in Congress are so prone to, NOT what we do. Ultimate victory is not only possible, it is assured if we work as hard as we can for real change, not just the rebranding of the same old boys'
network.
And we promise you, immediately after the election we will go right back to work on pure issue advocacy full time, to continue to build the base of action for the future.
Paid for by Cindy Sheehan for Congress
Donations to Cindy Sheehan for Congress are not tax-deductible
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www.nvr.org.uk/history/5485.php
The Loco
This engine is a beast. If it were a lorry it would be an earth mover, built for shifting massive loads over short distances, with big cylinders and very small wheels. It is rated at 800h.p., a tractive effort of 28,000lb, a weight of 66tons and wheels of only 3' 6" diameter. This compares with the STD class 5 at 26,120 lbs tractive effort, and a weight of 76 tons.
Polish engineering is not known for it's high quality, and the engine is no exception. For example, the cylinder bore on engines should line up with the axle centre - not here, the cylinder centreline is clearly inches above the axle centreline. General construction is simple, for example the smoke box door is made from flat plate welded together, where most engines have a rounded door made from pressings / castings. Many of the steam valves are made from steel / iron, which can corrode, where other loco's would use brass or bronze which doesn't corrode. Oddly, for a simple machine, it has the complexity of superheaters; more superheaters than an LMS Jubilee. On a machine that is for shunting and not designed for speed this is unusual, as superheaters are thought to be effective only when an engine is working for long periods and has time to warm through.
It has been said that we are asking too much of this engine, with its small wheels at 25MPH. An A4 Pacific has 6'8" wheels, and at 75MPH (Network Rail's max speed limit for steam) this equates to 315RPM. 5485, with 3' 6" wheels, at 25MPH is only running at 200 RPM. Indeed, the engine's stated maximum speed is 40km/h, and it has proven itself capable of easily keeping to time.
For the crew it is an easy engine to fire, with a large boiler that has plenty of steam generating capacity, and a medium size firebox where the first time fireman won't have trouble getting coal to the far end of the fire. There is also a drop grate in the firebox and a hopper ashpan, making the disposal of fire and ash simpler. The injectors have been proven to be reliable, after fettling work. For the driver, the controls are well placed and all reachable from the cab window. However, the regulator is difficult, steam can be admitted on a little or lots basis, there's not much in between. If you see the engine starting a train and it slips frequently, you know the driver is battling with the regulator. The engine has the luxury of very bright electric lights, in the cab and above the wheels as well as front and back. Some crew like working in the dark with this loco as you have the rare luxury of being able to see where you are going. Due to the long wheel base, two of the axles have a large amount of side-play. This lets the engine go around curves, but it means that there is a lot of side - side waddle, especially on straight track, and there is a lot of that at Nene Valley!
History
This engine is fairly modern as steam engines go, being built by Fablok of Chrzanow, Poland in 1959, as one of a large class of 406 loco's, built from 1950 - 1963. 90 of the class were exported to China. Visit hobby.ien.com.pl/kolej/Freight Tank Locomotives/TKp.htm for further info. It worked for 36 years in the Coalfields in Bytom, southern Poland and was withdrawn in 1995, when the mine closed.
The engine was bought by it's current owner in 1996, in working order with a current boiler ticket. It came complete with it's entire service history, all in Polish, from when it was built, on the 14th of Maja 1959! Many of these documents still have their wax seal from the works. The documents show that the engine had a heavy overhaul in 1990, with a new firebox, a new front tubeplate and new portions of the boiler barrel fitted at Olesnica, Poland. The resulting good condition of the boiler is why it was preserved.
The loco was moved to Belgium by rail through Holland and Germany, in a convoy of loco's devoid of their rods, at a cost of £2,500 for each loco; 900 miles at 25mph. One of the loco owners videoed the convoy and saw sparks from the axlebox of loco. A hurried conversation with the driver (in German) followed! The damaged loco went on to be preserved in Northampton.
5485 Came to England in 1997 and was stripped and overhauled at Llangollen. All the steel pipework was replaced with copper, the smokebox was replaced and a new cab and cladding, was fitted. The boiler is now in very good condition; when in steam it is as dry as a bone. Whilst at Nene Valley, the loco has spent much time out of traffic for repairs to badly worn bearings and bushes on the coupling rods and connecting rods, and a failed main steam pipe. The loco is now back in traffic, but further repairs may soon be required. The valves and pistons have always been blowing-by; the leakage of steam can be heard as a whoosh from the chimney when starting away. On occasion, the blow-by is so bad that the loco will move backwards when starting off in forward gear!
(Incidentally, put 'Slask' into your spell checker and it will suggest 'slack' - Bill Gates is well informed!)
Recent Mechanical Group Reports
Recent reports by the Mechanical Group on 5485 can be found by clicking here
Montblanc, Tarragona (Spain).
Spinning at 33 rpm in the show window of a store.
Dando vueltas a 33 rpm en el escaparate de un tienda.
ENGLISH
The phonograph, or gramophone, was the most common device for playing recorded sound from the 1870s through the 1980s.
The famous phonograph was the fourth device for recording and replaying sound. The term phonograph ("sound writer") is derived from the Greek words φωνή (meaning "sound" or "voice" and transliterated as phoné) and γραφή (meaning "writing" and transliterated as graphé). Similar related terms gramophone and graphophone have similar root meanings. The coinage, particularly the use of the -graph root, may have been influenced by the then-existing words phonographic and phonography, which referred to a system of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 The New York Times carried an advertisement for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the New York State Teachers' Association tabled a motion to "employ a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.
F. B. Fenby was the original author of the word. An inventor in Worcester, Massachusetts, he was granted a patent in 1863 for an unsuccessful device called the "Electro-Magnetic Phonograph". His concept detailed a system that would record a sequence of keyboard strokes onto paper tape. Although no model or workable device was ever made, it is often seen as a link to the concept of punched paper for player piano rolls (1880s), as well as Herman Hollerith's punch card tabulator (used in the 1890 United States census), a distant precursor of the modern computer.
Arguably, any device used to record sound or reproduce recorded sound could be called a type of "phonograph", but in common practice it has come to mean historic technologies of sound recording.
In the late 19th and early 20th century, the alternative term talking machine was sometimes used. This term was more in line with Thomas Edison's early view that his invention was better suited for spoken recordings such as dictation than for musical recordings.
More info: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonograph
------------------------------------
CASTELLANO
Un tocadiscos es un sistema de reproducción del sonido hijo del fonógrafo ya que usa el mismo tipo de tecnologia, sustituyendo el cilindro por un Disco de vinilo. El tocadiscos también ha sido conocido como platina de discos, giradiscos, tornamesa, fonochasis o pickup. Ninguna de estas cuatro últimas nomenclaturas tiene demasiada aceptación.
El fonógrafo, fue el dispositivo más común para reproducir sonido grabado desde la década de 1870 hasta la década de 1980.
La primera invención conocida de un dispositivo capaz de grabar sonido fue el "autofonógrafo", inventado por el francés Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville y patentado el 25 de marzo de 1857. Podía transcribir sonido a un medio visible, pero no tenía un modo de ser reproducido después. El aparato consistía de un cuerno o un barril que recogía las ondas hacia una membrana a la que estaba atado una cerda. Cuando llegaba el sonido, ésta vibraba y se movía y el sonido podía grabarse en un medio visible. Inicialmente, el fonoautógrafo grababa en un cristal ahumado. Una versión posterior usaba un papel también ahumado en un tambor o cilindro. Otra versión dibujaba una línea representando el sonido en un rollo de papel. El fonoautógrafo era una curiosidad de laboratorio para el estudio de la acústica. Era usado para determinar la frecuencia de un tono musical y para estudiar el sonido y el habla. No se entendió hasta después del desarrollo del fonógrafo que la onda grabada por el fonoautógrafo era de hecho una grabación del sonido que sólo necesitaba un medio de reproducción adecuado para sonar.
El fonógrafo fue el que, hasta 1876, se creyó el primer aparato capaz de grabar sonido, aunque sí fue el primero que pudo reproducirlo después. Thomas Alva Edison anunció la invención de su primer fonógrafo, el 21 de noviembre de 1877, mostró el dispositivo por primera vez el 29 de noviembre de ese mismo año y lo patentó el 19 de febrero de 1878.
El fonógrafo utiliza un sistema de grabación mecánica analógica en el cual las ondas sonoras son transformadas en vibraciones mecánicas mediante un transductor acústico-mecánico. Estas vibraciones mueven un estilete que labra un surco helicoidal sobre un cilindro de fonógrafo. Para reproducir el sonido se invierte el proceso.
Al principio se utilizaron cilindros de cartón recubiertos de estaño, más tarde de cartón parafinado y, finalmente, de cera sólida. El cilindro de cera, de mayor calidad y durabilidad, se comercializó desde 1889, un año después de que apareciera el gramófono.
El 2 de diciembre de 1889 un representante de la casa Edison, Theo Wangeman, grabó una interpretación del celebérrimo compositor Johannes Brahms. Se trataba de un segmento de las Danzas Húngaras en una versión para piano solo. Esta grabación aún se conserva, pero su calidad es pésima.
Más info: es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocadiscos, es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon%c3%b3grafo
Burgos (Spain).
ENGLISH
The Burgos Cathedral (Spanish: Catedral de Burgos) is a Gothic-style cathedral in Burgos, Spain. It is dedicated to the Virgin Mary and is famous for its vast size and unique architecture. Its construction began in 1221, following French Gothic parameters.
It had very important modifications in the 15th and 16th centuries (spires of the principal façade, Chapel of the Constable, cimborio of the transept: these elements of advanced Gothic give the cathedral its distinguished profile). The last works of importance (the sacristy or the Chapel of Saint Thecla) occurred during the 18th century, the century in which the Gothic statuary of the doors of the principal façade was also transformed.
At the beginning of the 20th century, some semidetached construction to the cathedral was eliminated, such as the Archepiscopal Palace and the upper floor of the cloister. The style of the cathedral is Gothic, although it has some Renaissance and Baroque works.
The cathedral was declared a "World Heritage Site" by UNESCO on October 31 of 1984. It is the only Spanish cathedral that has this distinction independiently, without being joined to the historic center of a city (as in Salamanca, Santiago de Compostela, Ávila, Córdoba, Toledo or Cuenca) or in union with others buildings, as in Seville.
More info: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgos_Cathedral
---------------------------------
CASTELLANO
La Catedral de Santa María de Burgos (Castilla y León, España) es un templo católico dedicado a la Virgen María. Su construcción comenzó en 1221, siguiendo patrones góticos franceses. Tuvo importantísimas modificaciones en los siglos XV y XVI: las agujas de la fachada principal, la Capilla del Condestable y el cimborrio del crucero, elementos del gótico avanzado que dotan al templo de su perfil inconfundible. Las últimas obras de importancia (la Sacristía o la Capilla de Santa Tecla) pertenecen ya al siglo XVIII, siglo en el que también se retiraron las portadas góticas de la fachada principal. El estilo de la catedral es el gótico, aunque posee, en su interior, varios elementos renacentistas y barrocos. La construcción y las remodelaciones se realizaron con piedra caliza extraída de las canteras del cercano pueblo burgalés Hontoria de la Cantera.
La catedral burgalesa fue declarada Monumento Nacional el 8 de abril de 1885 y Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la Unesco el 31 de octubre de 1984. Es la única catedral española que tiene esta distinción de la Unesco de forma independiente, sin estar unida al centro histórico de una ciudad (como en Salamanca, Santiago de Compostela, Ávila, Córdoba, Toledo o Cuenca) o en compañía de otros edificios, como en Sevilla.
Más info: es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedral_de_Burgos
" Lady Bunny "
www.vipp.com/press/press_releases/index.php?nid=84
Vipp is celebrating its 70th anniversary by hosting a charity auction in New York City in collaboration with design retailer Design Within Reach (DWR). The auction will benefit DIFFA: Design Industries Foundation Fighting AIDS. The auction will feature Vipp pedal bins re-imagined by 35 leading creative personalities.
Public viewing and bidding from October 15 - 28 at DWR: Tools for Living located at 142 Wooster Street, New York City, during regular store hours (11am-7pm). Gala auction to be held October 28.
Danish design company Vipp is celebrating its 70th anniversary this October by hosting Can It!!! - a charity auction in New York City in collaboration with design retailer Design Within Reach (DWR). The auction will benefit DIFFA: Design Industries Foundation Fighting AIDS. Thirty-five leading figures in the worlds of architecture, art, design, fashion and entertainment have put their signature touch on the iconic Vipp bin for the occasion.
PUBLIC VIEWING AND BIDDING, OCTOBER 15 – 28
From October 15 – 28, the 35 customized Vipp bins will be on display for public viewing and bidding at DWR: Tools for Living located at 142 Wooster Street, New York City, during regular store hours (11am–7pm). Those who place bids on one or more of the customized Vipp bins, will be invited to a special gala auction on Wednesday, October 28, hosted by Veronica Webb, Vipp, DWR and DIFFA.
PARTICIPATING DESIGNERS
Ami James, Avi Adler, Calvin Klein, Camilla Stærk, Cole and Garrett, David Rockwell, David Stark, Evette Rios, Helena Christensen, Izhar Patkin, James Charles, Jes Gordon, John Baldessari, Jonas Hecksher/E-types, Lady Bunny, Lady Pink, Magnus Berger, Michael Aram, Mike Perry, Nigel Barker, Olaf Breuning, Oscar de la Renta, Ralph Lauren, Kiril Kirov/Razortooth, Richard Colman, Rikke Korff/The Furies, Robert Geller, Robert Verdi, Shelly Sabel, Sune Rose Wagner/The Raveonettes, Swathi Ghanta/Kidrobot, The Selby, Veronica Webb, Yoko Ono, Yves Béhar/Fuseproject.
For more information call DIFFA @ 212-727-3100
imaginepeace.com/archives/8557
VIPP 70TH ANNIVERSARY AUCTION
Vipp is celebrating its 70th anniversary by hosting a charity auction in New York City in collaboration with design retailer Design Within Reach (DWR).
The auction will benefit DIFFA: Design Industries Foundation Fighting AIDS. Thirty-five leading figures in the worlds of architecture, art, design, fashion and entertainment have put their signature touch on the iconic Vipp bin for the occasion, including Yoko Ono, Calvin Klein, Ralph Lauren & David Stark.
From October 15 – 28, the 35 customized Vipp bins will be on display for public viewing and bidding at DWR: Tools for Living located at 142 Wooster Street, New York City, during regular store hours (11am–7pm). Those who place bids on one or more of the customized Vipp bins, will be invited to a special gala auction on Wednesday, October 28, hosted by Veronica Webb, Vipp, DWR and DIFFA.
Sign up to receive newsletter www.vipp.comletter
For further information, please write to tsp@vipp.com or call DIFFA @ 212-727-3100
Participating designers:
Ami James, Avi Adler, Calvin Klein, Camilla StÊrk, Cole and Garrett, David Rockwell, David Stark, Evette Rios, Helena Christensen, Izhar Patkin, James Charles, Jes Gordon, John Baldessari, Jonas Hecksher/E-types, Lady Bunny, Lady Pink, Magnus Berger, Michael Aram, Mike Perry, Nigel Barker, Olaf Breuning, Oscar de la Renta, Ralph Lauren, Kiril Kirov/Razortooth, Richard Colman, Rikke Korff/The Furies, Robert Geller, Robert Verdi, Shelly Sabel, Sune Rose Wagner/The Raveonettes, Swathi Ghanta/Kidrobot, The Selby, Veronica Webb, Yoko Ono, Yves BÈhar/Fuseproject.
DESIGN WITHIN REACH
110 Greene St
(between Spring St & Prince St)
New York, NY 10012
(212) 475-0001
Hours:
Monday-Saturday
11am-7pm
Sunday
12pm-6pm
Not been here for some years , Sunrise was the plan The Lake Llyn Cwm-lIwch , as we started our climb around 6.50 am We had clouds and Stars , Wind chill said it would feel like - 5 Brrrrrrrrr , 10 minutes into the walk we had 20 Meters visability as the clouds and mist came down , As we got to the point where you climb down 600 feet to the lake this is the site that greeted us :-) It was freezing the wind made your nostrils run down your face , Numb with cold i waited for the shot and the bank of cloud covering the peaks of Brecon Beacons to be burnt out as the sun came above the horizon !!! This was the first shot i took before the climb down to the lake !!
Victim of the Beacons
The story of little Tommy Jones
August 4th, 1900, was the Saturday before the Bank Holiday. A miner from Maerdy, at the head of the Rhondda Fach, decided to take his five-year-old son with him to visit the child's grandparents who still farmed near Brecon. They arrived in the town by train at about six o'clock in the evening. From there they had to walk four miles to reach Cwm-llwch, the little farmhouse deep in the valley to the north of the Beacons.
By about eight o'clock they had reached the Login (today in ruins) where soldiers were encamped for training at the rifle range up the valley. It had been a warm walk, and though they had only a quarter of a mile further to go, William Jones was glad to stop for refreshment and buy little Tommy a pennyworth of biscuits at the canteen. By chance, within a few minutes the grandfather also arrived, with 13-year-old Willie John, Tommy's cousin. Willie was sent back to Cwm-lIwch to warn the household of the arrival of visitors, and Tommy ran off with him up the valley.
They had to cross two rough plank bridges, one without a handrail. In the failing light, the streams and trees were perhaps frightening to a small boy brought up amongst closely-packed houses. He may have been afraid of meeting farm animals also. At any rate, when the two of them had got about half way , Tommy started to cry and wanted to go back to his father. So the two boys parted. Willie completed his errand and was back at the camp within about quarter of an hour of leaving it - but Tommy had not returned. Father and grandfather immediately started looking for him. Soon (perhaps about twenty minutes later) they were joined by soldiers from the camp: the hunt was truly on. At midnight the search was halted, but at 3 o'clock on the Sunday morning it started again. Police and the general public joined in and the net spread wider. But no sign of the boy was discovered that day.
So it continued through the following weeks. Every day search parties of police, troops, farmers and other volunteers combed the area systematically. The tall bracken was cut, the woodland ransacked, It was at one point suggested that Llyn Cwm-lIwch should be dragged, but it was thought unlikely that the boy could have gone as far up the mountain as that. It seemed more probable that he had fallen off one of the footbridges into the stream, or had simply wandered straight on down the valley, instead of turning right to cross the second bridge to the camp. Thus the search was concentrated in the close and wooded country around the Login and down the valley as far as Brecon waterworks.
Inevitably, with the continued failure to find trace of the boy, theories of kidnapping gained favour. These now held the only hope that the boy might still be found alive, Kidnapping, at that time, meant gypsies in the first instance, and though they are rarely mentioned in The Brecon County Times of the period, it appears that there were numerous camps of them in Breconshire and neighbouring counties. All were unceremoniously ransacked by the police during the search, without success.
The affair aroused national concern, and reports of the missing boy and suggestions for lines of enquiry came from all parts of the country. The Daily Mail took an interest in the matter and offered a reward of £20 to anyone who could solve the mystery. (The announcement of the reward was made, among other means, by the Brecon Town Crier). The Daily Mail also sent a special commissioner to Brecon, who during the time he was there won considerable admiration and respect for his indefatigable work on the problem. It was under his influence that the gypsy theory lost ground, and abduction by a childless woman or couple thought more likely. He also mentioned the possibility of murder, but dismissed it in the very same sentence.
Only after several weeks did Tommy's father yield to the pleas of friends to return home to Maerdy. But he was soon back again, and was one of several people who climbed to the top of the Beacons in their despairing searches. It was not he who made the discovery. however.
A Mrs. Hamer, a gardener's wife at Castle Madoc, some miles north of Brecon, having read accounts of the search, is said to have dreamed of the very spot where Tommy was to be found. She spent a couple of restless days before finally persuading her husband to borrow a pony and trap on Sunday, September 2nd, to take her and some relatives to the Beacons - which they had never climbed before. Mr. Hamer did not believe that they would succeed where so many had failed. But later that day he was to be able to lay claim to the reward. 'They had reached the top of the ridge immediately above Llyn Cwm.llwch ',the newspaper later reported, 'and were making their way towards the peaks across some open ground when suddenly Mr. Hamer, who was a few yards in front of the others, started back with an exclamation of horror, for there in his path lay the remains of a body. . .' It was identified and brought down the same day.
At the inquest on the Tuesday the jury had no difficulty in bringing in a verdict of death through exhaustion and exposure. But no one managed to explain how this little five-year-old, 'short and stout of his age', tired and hungry after a long day and the walk from Brecon, had managed to reach the spot where his body was found. It was 2,250 ft. above sea level, a climb of 1300 ft. from the Login: at least two miles over difficult ground, probably in the dark. Certainly it had not been considered worthwhile to make a systematic search of high ground. The father must have passed within a dozen yards of the body a few days before its discovery, but by this time it would have looked much like a boulder in the long grass.
Various people with detailed local knowledge had suggested that Tommy might have wandered uphill to the left of his path when he started to return to the camp, or that he crossed the first footbridge, but not the second (just below the junction of the two streams and lying at right-angles to the first; both have now disappeared, though the ford beside the first remains in use). In retrospect, the latter seems the more likely explanation. If he turned left here instead of right he would soon have started up the side of Pen Milan, following what was presumably the most direct route between the soldiers' camp and the rifle range. Alternatively he might have continued downstream a little further and then veered to the left on the path towards Llwyn-bedw. In either case, he probably joined the track which zig-zags up Pen Milan, climbing steeply to high ground. Perhaps by this time, confused and panic-stricken in the failing daylight, he hoped he was returning uphill to his grandfather's farm, not realising until later how hopelessly lost he was. We only know with certainty how far his stamina and courage took him.
For many years his family kept the sailor suit with collarette which he had been wearing, the new light boots with pathetically worn soles; and the whistle which he had carried on a string round his neck. (Could this have saved his life if he had thought to use it while he still had energy?) Today the spot where Tommy's body was found is marked by an obelisk. The jurors at the inquest gave their fees to start a fund for this memorial. They were joined by Mr.Hamer, who contributed a part of his £20 reward, and many other citizens. By July the following year the inscribed stone was ready, and was hauled on a horse-drawn sledge up to the ridge. Since then thousands of walkers must have paused beside it, and been reminded of the small boy who fell victim to the Beacons through exhaustion and exposure.
Nonagenarian Recalls The Tommy Jones' Tradegy
(Details from a newspaper article 1980/1981).
Ninety years old Mrs. R. M. Martin of Hitchen, Hertfodshire sends her recollections of the tradegy:-
"I must be one of the very few left to have vivid recollections of that time, August 1900. I was 9¾ years old, born in the Postern, Brecon, the youngest daughter of P.C. Frederick George Harwood.
"My father was in charge of a search party that went daily for a month tramping all over the area. He even got the local farmers to cut down the shoulder-high bracken in some parts to help the search. Also the South Wales Borderers had a search party daily.
"How well I recall that Sunday, 2nd September, 1900! It was Sunday School Anniversary Service at the Dr. Coke Memorial Wesleyan Chapel, Lion Street, and the service had just finished when a tremendous outcry went up. 'The little boy is found.' We rushed out, and several boys cycled up to the spot, including Sidney Martin, whom I married many years later.
"The photograph on the front of the now out-of-print Victim of the Beacons pamphlet was taken by Jack Clark who for many years had a souvenir and postcard business in the High Street. He was 16 years old at the time and interested in amateur photography.
"Many years later from this photograph, I was able to recognise those standing around as the little boy's remains were carried down the mountain-side on an improvised stretcher, my father leading the way with Sgt. Hands at the rear. My father was so concerned that the photograph showed him smoking a clay pipe, for smoking on duty was definitely against the rules. It was I who supplied the information that a farmer at the scene had given him this to counteract the odour which prevailed. I remember my father got the negative from Jack Clark and scratched the pipe out on the glass plate so that no further prints would show it, but this made the fact more noticeable and the negative was destroyed.
"The idea of an obelisk was my father's and it was he who obtained £20 of the £100 reward to start the subscriptions towards it and also suggested that the jurymen might contribute their fees. He also suggested that the obelisk should be erected a little distance from the actual spot where the body was found, to be in a more visible position.
"Many years later, my brother-in-law, Walter Martin, of 'Clovelly,' Llanfaes, who was Overseer for the parish of St. David's, finding the obelisk was in very poor condition, went up with a family party armed with buckets and brushes and cleaned the stonework and Walter re-lettered the inscription.
The Obelisk and Inscription
The obelisk can be found on the approach to Corn Du (SO 000217) upon which is written:
"This obelisk marks the spot where the body of Tommy Jones aged 5 was found. He lost his way between Cwmllwch Farm and the Login on the night of August 4th 1900. After an anxious search of 29 days his body was found on September 2nd."
Les Enfants de Don Quichotte ont organisé un campement sur la Seine face à Notre Dame, immédiatement évacué par la police. Merci de lire les explications en début d'album / Please read the explanations at the beginning of the set
Un "enfant de Don Quichotte" à la fin de l'évacuation.
Part of Don Quichotte à Notre Dame (Recommended as a slideshow)
View large Explore #222
London at night, London :-)
I have more or less recovered from my tonsillectomy, woo-hoo! So a song from everyones favourite, Johnny Nash :p
I can see clearly now, the rain has gone
I can see all obstacles in my way
Gone are the dark clouds that had me blind
It`s gonna be a bright, bright sunshiny day
It`s gonna be a bright, bright sunshiny day
I think I can make it now, the pain has gone
All of the bad feelings have disappeared
Here ist the rainbow I`ve been praying for
It`s gonna be a bright, bright sunshiny day
It`s gonna be a bright, bright sunshiny day
Look all around, there`s nothing but blue sky
Look straight ahead, nothing but blue sky
I can see clearly now, the rain has gone
I can see all obstacles in my way
Gone are the dark clouds that had me blind
It`s gonna be a bright, bright sunshiny day
It`s gonna be a bright, bright sunshiny day
Photo has been in explore on Dec 7, 2008 #410
bodypaintingzone.com/nuba-body-painting.shtml
De Nuba, die leven in centraal Soedan, de provincie Kordofan, verwierven internationale bekendheid door de bijzondere fotoreportages van Leni Riefenstahl. In haar boeken schetst zij een fascinerend beeld van een unieke geïsoleerde samenleving waar de lichaamsdecoraties, met name kleurrijke lichaamsbeschilderingen en scarificaties, tot een kunst verheven werden. Sindsdien is uiteraard de invloed van het christendom en de islam toegenomen. Vele mannen dragen nu een djellabas naar aloude moslimtraditie.
Uit Wikipedia:
Nuba is a collective term used here for the peoples who inhabit the Nuba Mountains, in Kordofan province, Sudan, Africa. Although the term is used to describe them as if they composed a single group, the Nuba are multiple distinct strains and use different forms of speech. Estimates of the Nuba population vary widely; the Sudanese government estimated that they numbered 1.1 million in 1993.
en:
In long lost worlds In my mind, can i see the difference from
what's real and what's not..................
I'm fighting , I'm fighting with my self
to keep insane , to stay alive , Im fighting
Im fighting with my self, do you see it? can you feel it?
can you see the hidden sorrow?
I'v got to over come it , but can i even take the first step
can anyone help? Im fighting, Im fighting with my self, to keep insane
to stay alive
should i listern to the voice, that's inside my mind
should i give in...................
give in to the voice, Im fighting, Im fighting with my self
to keep insane, to stay alive today.......
by bethany seed
www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=487
Beginning in the early 1830s, cholera epidemics killed thousands of United States citizens. People who contract cholera generally suffer from severe diarrhea, vomiting, and cramps. The disease is spread by drinking water or eating food that is contaminated with human feces. People with this illness can die from dehydration within a few hours after the symptoms first appear.
Asiatic Cholera appears to have started on the Indian subcontinent, ca. 1826. By 1831, it had spread to Russia. Cholera first appeared in the United States in 1832. European immigrants apparently brought the disease with them to America. With poor sanitation systems, cholera tended to be most virulent in cities. By the autumn of 1832, the illness had reached Cincinnati, probably brought by people traveling along the Ohio River. The Ohio and Mississippi Rivers allowed the disease to spread quickly across the United States in all directions.
One of the most common treatments for cholera in the United States up through the Civil War was the medicine calomel (Mercurous Chloride; Calogreen; Mercury Monochloride; Mercury Chloride). It was commonly used as a purgative (laxative) for the treatments of bowel illnesses ranging from diarrhea to cholera; unfortunately calomel’s effects were seriously harmful. It may have cleansed the bowels, but at the same time it caused teeth to loosen, hair to fall out and could destroy the patient’s gums and intestines. In other words, it could cause acute mercury poisoning.
The worst epidemic to affect Ohio occurred in 1849. Eight thousand people in Cincinnati died in this epidemic, including Harriet Beecher Stowe's infant son. www.iath.virginia.edu/utc/interpret/exhibits/hedrick/hedr...
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s writing of Uncle Tom's Cabin was precipitated by two events, one in her personal life: in 1849 her sixth child, Samuel Charles, died in the cholera epidemic. Cholera was a relatively new disease in the Western hemisphere and inspired dread partly for that reason and partly because it was so deadly. To people in the nineteenth century it was an act of God, a biblical plague. All Harriet could do was watch helplessly while her eighteen-month-old child was wracked by convulsions and lost all the fluids in his body. She later wrote that there were circumstances of such bitterness in the manner of Charley's death that she didn't think she could ever be reconciled for it unless his death allowed her to do some great good to others. She also wrote that losing Charley made her understand what a slave woman felt when her child was taken away at the auction block.
Many Cincinnati residents fled the city and ended up in Mt. Pleasant, a community that escaped the illness. The town residents soon changed its name to Mt. Healthy in honor of its good fortune.
It wasn't until 1854, when Cholera struck England once again, that Dr. John Snow was able to legitimate his argument that cholera was spread through contaminated food or water. Snow, in investigating the epidemic, began plotting the location of deaths related to Cholera. At the time, London was supplied its water by two water companies. One of these companies pulled its water out of the Thames River upstream of the main city while the second pulled its water from the river downstream from the city. A higher concentration of Cholera was found in the region of town supplied by the water company that drew its water from the downstream location. Water from this source could have been contaminated by the city's sewage. Furthermore, he found that in one particular location near the intersection of Cambridge and Broad Street, up to 500 deaths from Cholera occurred within 10 days.
Cholera epidemics continued in the United States until the early 1900s. As sanitation improved within the United States, including chlorination of water, the illness weakened. In modern nations, cholera cases are very rare. In under-developed countries, outbreaks remain common. In 1991, cholera struck both South America and Africa, killing thousands of people. The standard treatment for cholera today is to keep the ill person hydrated.
www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003433463056 ad Fb nhé :) ít onl fl* :d
Khi bạn 1 tuổi, mẹ cho bạn ăn và tắm cho bạn
Bạn cảm ơn mẹ bằng cách khóc ròng cả đêm
Khi bạn lên 2, mẹ dạy bạn cách đi bộ
Và bạn cảm ơn mẹ bằng cách chạy mất dạng khi nghe mẹ gọi
Khi bạn dc 3 tuổi, mẹ làm tất cả mọi bữa ăn cho bạn với 1 tình cảm vô hạn
Và cách bạn cảm ơn mẹ là hất tất cả xuống sàn nhà
Khi bạn lên 4, mẹ cho bạn vài cái chì màu
Và bạn cảm ơn mẹ bằng cách tô đầy lên cái bàn ăn
Bạn lên 5 tuổi, mẹ may áo cho bạn để bạn đi nghỉ cuối tuần
Bạn cảm ơn mẹ bằng cách lăn ùynh xuống bãi đất cho dơ đồ
Và khi bạn lên 6, mẹ dắt bạn tới trường
Bạn cảm ơn mẹ bằng cách hét tướng lên: “Con ko đi đâu!”
Bạn lên 7 tuổi, mẹ mua cho bạn một quả bóng chuyền
Và bạn cảm ơn mẹ bằng cách quăng nó vô cửa sổ nhà bên cạnh
Khi bạn được 8 tuổi, mẹ cho bạn 1 cây kem
Và bạn cảm ơn mẹ bằng cách đổ nguyên cây kem vào áo
Khi bạn 9 tuổi, mẹ mua cho bạn 1 cây piano đề bạn học đàn
Bạn cảm ơn mẹ bằng cách ko bao giờ đàn để luyện tập
Khi bạn lên 10 tuổi, mẹ lái xe chở bạn đi vòng vòng cả ngày, từ sân bóng đá cho tới phòng thể dục, để tổ chức cho bạn 1 bữa tiệc sinh nhật sau đó
Và cách bạn cảm ơn là nhảy phắt ra khỏi xe và ko thèm nhìn lại
Bạn lên 11 tuổi, mẹ dắt bạn và bạn bè bạn đi xem phim
Và bạn cảm ơn mẹ bằng cách đòi ngồi ở một dãy ghế khác
Khi bạn 12 tuổi, mẹ cảnh cáo bạn ko nên xem một chương trình TV nào đó
Và bạn chỉ việc đợi mẹ ra khỏi nhà để xem
Bạn lên 13 tuổi, mẹ bảo bạn nên đi cắt tóc đi
Và bạn cảm ơn mẹ bằng câu nói mẹ chả có chút thị hiếu thẩm mỹ nào
Khi bạn lên 14 tuổi, mẹ trả tiền cho cả tháng đi chơi ở trại hè của bạn
Và cách mà bạn cảm ơn là ko thèm viết lấy dù chỉ 1 lá thư về cho mẹ
Khi bạn 15 tuổi, mẹ trở về nhà sau một ngày làm việc, mong đợi được ôm bạn trong tay
Và bạn đã cảm ơn bằng cách ở cả ngày trong một căn phòng khóa cửa
Khi bạn 16 tuổi, mẹ dạy bạn lái xe hơi của mẹ
Và cách mà bạn đã làm là lấy cái xe đi chơi bất cứ khi nào bạn thích
Khi bạn 17 tuổi, mẹ có 1 cuộc điện thọai cực quan trọng cần gọi
Và bạn đã ôm cái điện thoại để buôn dưa cả đêm
Khi bạn 18 tuổi, mẹ đã khóc khi biết bạn tốt nghiệp cấp 3
Và bạn cảm ơn mẹ bằng cách ra ngòai vui chơi ăn mừng cho tới sáng
Khi bạn 19 tuổi, mẹ trả tiền học phí đại học cho bạn, lái xe chở bạn tới trường, thậm chí mang cả túi xách cho bạn
Và bạn đã cảm ơn mẹ bằng cách nói tạm biệt bên ngòai phòng ngủ kí túc xá, vì bạn xấu hổ trước bạn bè mình
Khi bạn 20 tuổi, mẹ hỏi bạn có để ý tới ai chưa
Bạn trả lời mẹ rằng: “Đó ko phải là chuyện của mẹ”
Khi bạn 21 tuổi, mẹ đề nghị cho bạn một số nghề nghiệp trong tương lai
Bạn cảm ơn mẹ bằng câu nói: “Con ko muốn giống mẹ”
Bạn 22 tuổi, mẹ ôm lấy bạn khi bạn tốt nghiệp đại học.
Bạn cảm ơn mẹ bằng cách đòi hỏi mẹ trả tiền cho bạn đi chơi Châu Âu
Bạn 23 tuổi, mẹ mua cho bạn vài thứ đồ gia dụng cho căn hộ đầu tiên của bạn
Và bạn đi nói với mọi người rằng nó xấu òm.
Và khi bạn 24 tuổi, mẹ gặp chồng chưa cưới của bạn và hỏi bạn về kế hoạch cho tương lai.
Bạn cảm ơn mẹ bằng cách rên rĩ: “Mẹ, làm ơn đi mà!”
Bạn 25 tuổi, mẹ trả tiền đám cưới cho bạn, khóc và nói với bạn rằng mẹ iu bạn rất nhiều.
Và cách mà bạn cảm ơn mẹ là dọn nhà tới chỗ khác sống
Khi bạn 30 tuổi, mẹ bạn gọi và thúc giục bạn mau có em bé đi
Bạn nói rằng: “Bây giờ khác xưa mẹ ơi!”
Khi bạn 40 tuổi, mẹ gọi điện nhắc bạn sinh nhật của một vài người họ hàng.
Và bạn cảm ơn mẹ bằng cách nói rằng bạn đang bận bù đầu
Khi bạn 50, mẹ bạn bệnh và cần bạn ở cạnh để chăm sóc.
Bạn cảm ơn mẹ bằng cách than thở về gánh nặng mà các ông bố bà mẹ đem tới cho con cái họ
Và cuối cùng, 1 ngày nào đó, mẹ bạn ra đi. Và bạn cảm thấy mọi thứ như sụp đổ, như có sấm trong tim bạn.
Nếu mẹ vẫn còn sống, hãy yêu mẹ hơn hết thảy mọi thứ trên đời, và nếu mẹ ko còn nữa, hãy nhớ lấy lòng yêu thương vô điều kiện của mẹ và hãy làm như mẹ đã làm.
♥♥♥
Hãy luôn yêu thương mẹ bạn, vì bạn chỉ có duy nhất 1 người mẹ trên đời này thôi. Duy nhất một !!
3/365
can't you ever treat anyone nice?
think I'm gonna make the same mistake twice?
gonna make the same mistake twice
it was so cold and windy out and my whole family was home today so i didn't really want to go outside and take pictures. i took this in front of my window and the light really wasn't very bright outside but everything pretty much got totally washed out. i just cloned out the window frame and added the tree layer. this is pretty different from what i usually do.
i'm writing an essay on photography and it would really help if you guys could say what photography means to you in the comments. thank you!
A reworked previous post based on constructive criticism to give a larger perspective and show more of the face whislt aiming to satisfy those thinking a closer crop may be better through the use of creative framing and texture added to by using an ice texture in a hard light blending mode and erasing the section over the face a colour cast has been further added using glamour glow plugin from nic software at 20% and reducing the temp til it looked right iv further tweaked with curves and exposure blending painted in... I really must write all this down caus I can never create it the same!
the texture was a sheet of ice from the garden..
the eyes were tweaked as before using an inverted mask and painted in screen mode and then with lighten to give them that shiny marble look... total process time around 35 mins and im sure i could do more to it with dodge and burn to give more of a movie poster feel.
I hope this helps in demystifying my processing a little.
Cheers Andy
I used six Satellite Modules (high power RGB LED arrays), six ShiftBars (three channel LED controllers), a Seeeduino, and a ShiftBrite Shield to build a New Year's ball for our own mini Times Square event. The ball was a "sparkleball" made of about 120 16oz plastic cups hot-glued together. We threw a rope over a branch and lowered it at midnight...it lit up the whole yard!
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loris_(Papageien)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lories_and_lorikeets
Dies sind die natürlichen Farben dieses Vogels.... nicht bearbeitet bzw. intensiviert...
These are the true natural colors of this bird... the foto has not been edited..
Die Loris (Loriinae), seltener auch Lories geschrieben oder Honigpapageien genannt,[1] sind eine Nektar trinkende Unterfamilie aus der Familie der Eigentlichen Papageien (Psittacidae). Stellenweise werden sie noch als eigenständige Familie (Loriidae) innerhalb der Ordnung der Papageienvögel (Psittaciformes) betrachtet.
Außerdem bezeichnet Loris auch die baumbewohnende Primaten der Familie Lorisidae oder Loridae. Um Verwechslungen zu vermeiden, wird für die Vögel (Loriinae) stellenweise die Schreibweise Lories verwendet. Im Singular und bei der Artbezeichnung mittels vollständigem Trivialnamen heißt es in allen Fällen Lori.
Loris sind kleine bis mittelgroße, farbenprächtige, baumbewohnende Papageien. Ihr Gefieder ist dicht und glänzend. Grün, Rot und Blautöne dominieren. Eine Besonderheit liegt in ihrer Ernährungsweise. Sie ernähren sich hauptsächlich von Pollen und Nektar, aber auch von weichen, saftigen Früchten. Zur besseren Nahrungsaufnahme ist ihre Zungenspitze mit bürsten- oder pinselartig aufrichtbaren Papillen besetzt.
Das Verbreitungsgebiet der Loris umfasst Australien und die benachbarte Inselwelt, von Sulawesi (Indonesien) und Mindanao (Philippinen) im Westen, über die Karolinen im Norden zu den Marquesas-Inseln und Pitcairn in Osten und Tasmanien im Süden. In Australien kommen allerdings mit Allfarb-, Moschus-, Schuppen-, Blauscheitel-, Zwergmoschus- und Buntlori nur sehr wenige Arten vor. Das größte Verbreitungsgebiet in Australien weist der Allfarblori auf, der auch urbane Lebensräume besiedelt. Am weitesten nördlich ist in Australien der Buntlori verbreitet. Besonders viele Arten sind auf Neuguinea zu finden. In Neuseeland fehlt die Familie.
Loris besitzen eine lange, schmale Zunge, deren Spitze dicht mit Papillen besetzt ist. Wenn ein Lori seine Zunge in eine Blüte steckt, richten sich diese Papillen auf. Wie ein Schwamm wird dadurch der Nektar aufgesogen. Zieht der Vogel die Zunge zurück in den Schnabel, wird der Nektar an Hautfalten im Gaumen ausgedrückt. Dieser Vorgang wird in schneller Folge wiederholt. Pollen und Nektar zusammen stellen den Hauptanteil der Nahrung. Daneben nehmen sie aber auch weiche Früchte auf.
Werden Loris als Ziervogel gehalten, werden sie mit einer speziellen Lori-Suppe ernährt, die im Handel erhältlich ist und nur mit Wasser angerührt werden muss. Das Futter wird je nach Art ergänzt mit Pollen, Obst, stärkehaltigen Samen, Keimfutter, Lebendfutter und Zweigen mit Knospen.
Lories and lorikeets are small to medium-sized arboreal parrots characterized by their specialized brush-tipped tongues for feeding on nectar and soft fruits. The species form a monophyletic group within the parrot family Psittacidae. Traditionally, they were considered one of the two subfamilies in that family (Loriinae), the other was the subfamily Psittacinae, but new insights show that it is placed in the middle of various other groups. To date, this issue has not been resolved scientifically. They are widely distributed throughout the Australasian region, including south-eastern Asia, Polynesia, Papua New Guinea and Australia, and the majority have very brightly colored plumage.
Lories and lorikeets have specialized brush-tipped tongues for feeding on nectar and soft fruits. They can feed from the flowers of about 5,000 species of plants and use their specialised tongues to take the nectar. The tip of their tongues have tufts of papillae (extremely fine hairs), which collect nectar and pollen.
Lorikeets have tapered wings and pointed tails that allow them to fly easily and display great agility.[citation needed] They also have strong feet and legs. They tend to be hyperactive and clownish in personality both in captivity and the wild
Traditionally, lories and lorikeets are either classified as the subfamily, Loriinae, or as a family on their own, Loriidae.[1] Both traditional views are not confirmed using molecular studies. Those studies show that the lories and lorikeets form s single group, closely related to the fig parrot (Cyclopsitta and Psittaculirostris) and the budgerigar.[2][3][4][5][6]
Within the lories and lorikeets, two main groups are recognized. The first group consist of the genus Charmosyna[3][2] and the closely related Pacific Ocean genera Phigys and Vini.[2] All remaining genera, except Oreopsittacus are in the second group.[3][2] The position of Oreopsittacus is unknown, although one study suggests it could be a third group next to the other two.[6]
The multi-colored Rainbow Lorikeet was one of the species of parrots appearing in the first edition of The Parrots of the World and also in John Gould's lithographs of the Birds of Australia. Then and now, lories and lorikeets are described as some of the most beautiful species of parrot.
The usage of the terms "lory" and "lorikeet" is subjective, like the usage of "parrot" and "parakeet". Species with longer tapering tails are generally referred to as "lorikeets", while species with short blunt tails are generally referred to as "lories".
Montmeló, Barcelona (Spain).
ENGLISH
The pits usually comprise of a pit lane which runs parallel to the start/finish straight and is connected at each end to the main track, and a row of garages (usually one per team) outside which the work is done. Pit stop work is carried out by anywhere from five to twenty mechanics (also called a pit crew), depending on the series, while the driver waits in the vehicle (except where a driver change is involved).
In Formula One, cars make pit stops with the primary purpose of refueling and changing tyres, although during the 2005 season tyre changing during the race was prohibited. Teams sometimes also make adjustments to the front and rear wings and perform minor repairs, most commonly replacing the nose and front wing assembly. Pit strategies generally call for between one and three scheduled stops, depending on the course.
When the car is approximately one lap away from making its stop, the team's pit crew will set up fresh tyres and all needed pit equipment. Because of the overhead fuel and pneumatic rig, the team may have all pit mechanics in position prior to the car's arrival, with the exception of the rear jack man.
A pit stop involves about twenty mechanics, with the aim of completing the stop as quickly as possible. It lasts for six to twelve seconds depending on how much fuel is put into the car. However, if there is a problem, such as a fuel pump failing or the engine stalling, or repairs having to be made, it can take much longer. Cars are fuelled at a rate of more than 12 litres per second. This is accomplished by a fairly complex closed system that pumps air out of the car's fuel tank as the fuel is being pumped in.
More info: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_stop
---------------------------------
CASTELLANO
Los boxes comprenden el "pit lane", o carril de boxes, que corre paralelo a la recta de salida/meta y conectado a ella por los extremos, y una hilera de garajes (normalmente uno por equipo). El trabajo de la parada en boxes, que se lleva a cabo fuera de los garages, lo realiza un equipo de entre 5 y 20 mecánicos dependiendo del tipo de deporte, mientras el piloto espera en el vehículo (excepto cuando hay cambio de piloto).
En Fórmula 1, los coches hacen una parada en boxes con el prpósito principal de recargar combustible y cambiar ruedas, aunque en la temporada 2005 estuvo prohibido el cambio de ruedas. Los equipos a veces hacen ajustes en los alerones delanteros y traseros, así como reparaciones menores, como cambiar el morro. Las estrategias de boxes suelen comprender entre una y tres paradas, dependiendo de la carrera.
Cuando el coche está a una vuelta de la parada, el equipo de boxes prepara ruedas nuevas y todo el equipamiento necesario. Todos los mecánicos están en sus posiciones cuando llega el coche, excepto el encargado del elevador trasero.
Una parada en boxes implica veinte mecánicos, con el objetivo de completar la parada en el mínimo tiempo posible, que son entre seis y doce segundos dependiendo de la cantidad de combustible repostada. Sin embargo, su ocurre un problema como un fallo en la bomba de combustible o una parada de motor, o hay reparaciones adicionales, el tiempo se puede prolongar. Los coches repostan a razón de 12 litros por segundo. Este rápido repostaje se lleva a cabo por un complejo sistema cerrado que bombea aire fuera del depósito a medida que se llena de combustible.
A beautiful purple starfish on the rocks at the beach of Barnet Marine Park at low tide in Burnaby near Vancouver, BC, Canada
About this photo:We've been having such a beautiful summer and since it was so warm the last couple of weeks of August so we went to a small beach nearby with our 3 year old little girl. We went to Barnet Marine Park in Burnaby near Vancouver which is only about 10-15 minutes driving from our place. Ava, our daughter, loves the beach so we had no problem keeping her busy. She loves to look at rocks, throw rocks in the water, play with her little bucket and shovel in the sand...you name it. And I just enjoyed looking at her, the view and just enjoy this beautiful weather!
It's particularly beautiful at low tide as you are able to see purple starfish and the water seems to be so clear. In this photo I noticed to people enjoying a lovely afternoon kayaking trip on the calm waters of the Burrard Inlet.
~Camera Settings:
*Camera & model: SONY SLT-A57
*Lens: Tamron 17-50mm f/2.8
*Focal Length: 18 mm
*Shutter Speed: 1/50sec.
*Aperture: F/8
*ISO/Film: 100
*Copyright: Ann Badjura
Thank you for dropping by and I hope you like this photo!
Ann :)
Some information on Barnet Marine Park: Located alongside the Barnet Highway, this large park on Indian Arm was once a thriving village which supported the once prosperous lumber mill which was located there for most of the early 20th century. Now, all that remains are thousands of bricks along the western beaches, the remnants of the smoke stack and a concrete structure. The Park encompasses picnic tables, a trail along the water, docks and beaches. Located along the highway that shares its name, Barnet Marine Park is both a historical adventure and a great place to enjoy the day.
Barnet Marine Park, just off the Barnet Highway is a long and narrow Park sandwiched between the railway tracks and Indian Arm. A popular summer destination, visitors can enjoy lunch at one of the dozens of picnic tables strewn throughout the park or spread out a blanket and umbrella at the beaches while enjoying views of the fjord, tankers and other marine vessels sailing by. The nearby pier is popular with fishers and crabbers and the grassy lawn is also a welcome spot to sit and enjoy the park.
Barnet Marine Park is best known for its historic remnants that once were a small community and one of the largest lumber mills in the region. The skeleton of the scrap burner is now a recognized heritage site sitting on a dock where visitors can roam through the dilapidated brick structure and one of the mil structures still sits among picnic tables. Thousands of bricks from the old buildings create the shore along the western edge of the Park - most still falling from the remnants of the mill.
A tranquil Park with plenty to see and enjoy, Barnet Marine Park on the foreshores of Indian Arm in Burnaby is the city's only saltwater beach and is a popular and interesting place to explore all year round.
Hilo de la Fotohistoria en Pullip .es: Naruto VS Sasuke
(Read in order, this is: SHOT/FOTO 01 of 23) PAG: 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23.
LINKS:
- Las FOTOHISTORIAS de Sheryl en el Foro de Pullips: Pullip .es
- Sheryl Photostories at Flickr
- Hilo de Naruto en Grupo en el Foro: miPullip
- See more photos at: Renske‘s Flickr
You should really View On Black
Strobist:
Kicker at 1/4 camera left behind subject
Main at 1/4 thru silver umbrella camera right
-
Today has been an amazing day. Everyone has been enormously helpful. This week, we had a photography contest at school.
Tuesday, we got the tasks, came up with ideas, and played around with the studio strobes which I had no experience with until then.
Wednesday, we went to the location. Changes in plans. Set up in a tiny garage, and had a shoot going for two hours. Got a lot of help from Kristine (owner of the garage, the knife, the bunny and the ketchup used to color the bunny; but also batteries for the transmitter). After the shoot, we picked about ten candidates, but ended up with this. Kai used the rest of the day to process it to perfection (atleast so we like to think).
Today, Thursday. We met up together at the printing store at 0900. We went for an A1 print on special paper, and we were truly astonished. The quality was amazing. It was dreadfully expensive, though - but seems already that it will pay off, since the school is willing to buy it for more than we spent printing and framing it. Afterwards, we went to a frame maker who also proved himself very helpful, helping us framing the print which basically was dripping wet, since it only had been drying for an hour or so (usually, you need to dry it for 24 hours, but we had to finish it by 1100).
The end result was just stunning, and wether or not we win the contest is irrelevant. We've had tons of fun in the process of creating this!
Parc Natural del Garraf - Jafra, Barcelona (Spain).
Panorama of 2 photos.
ENGLISH
Garraf is a place little documented, and for that reason it is surrounded by mystery and legend.
Jafra, a deserted and ruinous town, is named already in 1139, and in 1332 a castle is mentioned. Apparently in 14th century all the inhabitants died due to the Black Death epidemic, although shortly after it became to populate, and in 1432 it became to open the parish. In 17th century the barons of Jafra named a mayor (1683) and recovered the church, dedicated to Santa Maria (1688). In 1819 Jafra lost its last mayor and it joined to the town of Olivella (the parishes already were tie). The culture of the vine made increase the population during 17th century. In 1820 there were 83 inhabitants, and in 1850 the church was recovered again. The plague of phylloxera of end of 19th century caused the desertion of lands, and in 1960 they were left only 19 inhabitants, scattered by farms of the environs.
At the moment only it is left still on the church (in restoration), the walls of rectory and the house of the barons, and those of the house of the servants. About the cemetery only left some walls and two great cypresses, and by the environs it has scattered ruins of which they could be other small houses.
When I arrived at the entrance of the church I was a little rare, with a discomfort sensation, of not feeling very at ease in this place, so I did not entertain myself in making many photos. I do not know why, but I had desire to go away there. And it was later, already in house, when documenting about the place I found the explanation of those strange sensations.
Jafra is considered damn town, and it is object of investigation by different parapsychology studious groups. It comments that at night lights have been seen roam by the zone, and in the house of the servants, called “the enchanted house” have been poltergeist phenomena, like blows, sudden changes of temperature, voices and until some appearance. Here they have been possible to record psychophonies. Also it comments that years ago a boy fell into a well near the cemetery and died drowned, and since it have been heard moans and it has been believed to see a figure roam near the cypresses of the cemetery.
I do not believe in these things, but the strange sensations that I experimented there are well certain...
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CASTELLANO
El Garraf es un lugar poco documentado, y por ello está rodeado de misterio y de leyenda.
Jafra, un poblado abandonado y ruinoso, ya es nombrado en el año 1139, y en 1332 se menciona un castillo. Por lo visto en el siglo XIV murieron todos los habitantes debido a la epidemia de peste, aunque poco después se volvió a poblar, y en 1432 se volvió a abrir la parroquia. En el siglo XVII los barones de Jafra nombraron un alcalde (1683) y restauraron la iglesia, dedicada a Santa María (1688). En 1819 Jafra perdió su último alcalde y se incorporó al pueblo de Olivella (las parroquias ya estaban vinculadas). El cultivo de la viña hizo aumentar la población durante el siglo XVII. En 1820 había 83 habitantes, y en 1850 se restauró nuevamente la iglesia. La plaga de filoxera de finales del siglo XIX provocó el abandono de las tierras, y en 1960 quedaban tan solo 19 habitantes, diseminados por las masías de los alrededores.
Actualmente sólo queda en pie la iglesia (en restauración), los muros de la rectoría y de la casa de los barones, y los de la casa de los criados. Del cementerio apenas quedan unos muros y dos grandes cipreses, y por los alrededores hay diseminadas ruinas de lo que podrían ser otras casas pequeñas.
Cuando llegué a la entrada de la iglesia me encontré un poco raro, con una sensación de incomodidad, de no sentirme muy a gusto en el lugar, así que no me entretuve en hacer muchas fotos. No sé por qué, pero tenía ganas de marchar de allí. Y fue después, ya en casa, cuando documentándome acerca del lugar encontré la explicación a esas extrañas sensaciones.
Por lo visto Jafra es considerado un pueblo maldito, y es objeto de investigación por parte de diferentes grupos estudiosos de parapsicología. Se comenta que de noche se han visto luces merodear por la zona, y en la casa de los criados, llamada "la casa encantada" ha habido fenómenos poltergeist, como golpes, cambios súbitos de temperatura, voces y hasta alguna aparición. En ella se han podido grabar psicofonías. También se comenta que hace años cayó un niño a un pozo cerca del cementerio y murió ahogado, y desde entonces se han oído lamentos y se ha creído ver una figura merodear cerca de los cipreses del cementerio.
Yo no creo en estas cosas, pero las extrañas sensaciones que experimenté allí son bien ciertas...
1975 Nikon Nikkormat FT2.
Non-ai prime Nikkors -
UD 20mm f/3.5
28mm f/2.8
50mm f/2
£1 Kodak "Mexican Fandango" 200 asa colour print film.
The Celtic St Cynidr founded the Christian Community in Cantref in the Fourth Century. The Normans later re-dedicated the church to St Mary.
Stand on top of Pen-y-Fan (the highest peak in South Wales), and you are also at the highest point in the Parish of Cantref.
Look to the North and you will see the scattered hill farms that make up this ancient community.
On a good day, you might just pick out the Cantref Parish Church.
St Mary's church lies in the small village of Cantref some 3km to the south-east of Brecon. The church is a 19thC structure but the tower is earlier, thought to be around 1600 in date. It contains little of pre-Victorian origin, the only medieval furnishing being a font of perhaps 12thC date. It is set in a rectilinear churchyard containing a fairly standard collection of memorials.
Tower claimed to be very early 17thC: architecturally it is undiagnostic but is certainly earlier than the nave. The latter together with the chancel and porch were built in 1829 and renovated in 1867, the only trace of the earlier church being a projecting foundation course at the east end.
Parts of the following description are quoted from the 1979 publication The Buildings of Wales: Powys by Richard Haslam
History
Nothing is known of the origin and early history of the church.
Cantref Church is in the Diocese of Swansea and Brecon, in the community of Llanfrynach in the county of Powys. It is located at Ordnance Survey national grid reference SO0564925460.
The church is recorded in the CPAT Historic Environment Record as number 16734 and this number should be quoted in all correspondence.
The Episcopal Register of St Davids refers to the church at Cantref in 1402, but there are no references in the Taxatios of the 13thC. The Valor Ecclesiasticus of 1535 valued 'Cantreff' at œ9 9s 7d.
The church was rebuilt in 1829, and altered in 1867 by C. Buckeridge.Architecture
Cantref church consists of a west tower, a nave and chancel in one, and a north porch near the north-west angle of the nave. The church is aligned on an east-north-east/west-south-west axis, but for descriptive purposes 'ecclesiastical east' is adopted here.
Fabrics: 'A' consists of regularly cut blocks and slabs of red and grey sandstone, small to medium in size, irregularly coursed. 'B' is a variation on 'A', but is mainly tabular sandstone, predominantly maroon-red in colour.
Roofs: sandstone tiles with ceramic ridge tiles. Tower has modern slates.
Drainage: no evidence of drains running beside church walls.
Exterior
Porch. General. Fabric 'A'. Set on chamfered plinth.
North wall: two-centred arch, stopped chamfers, hoodmoulding, all in sandstone.
East and west walls: plain.
Nave and chancel. General. Treated as one unit externally. All in Fabric 'A'; chamfered plinth at c.0.3m (cf porch), but because of natural ground slope it is stepped down at the nave/chancel interface; ashlar quoins.
North wall: two single-light windows and two double-light windows all in yellow sandstone, and consisting of trefoiled lancets. One stepped buttress marking the nave/chancel divide; a second small buttress marks the north-west corner of the nave where it meets the tower.
East wall: the fabric contains some irregularities which might denote re-used masonry, and at the base of the wall below the chamfered plinth is a flat plinth projecting 0.2m with a maximum height of 0.3m; it is on the same alignment and is likely to be a relic of the earlier church. One three-light window, again trefoiled lancets and a hoodmoulding, with a relieving arch over.
South wall: similar to north wall but an extra two-light window at the west end opposite the porch. Also at the west end the wall face of the nave runs on for a short distance in front of the tower wall face. This is a Victorian feature matching the buttress on the north side, but it does appear to encapsulate an earlier buttress at a lower level.
Tower. General. Fabric 'B', crudely pointed in a dull grey mortar so that it appears more like a coat of plaster across the wall faces. Plinth at base at a height of c.0.5m topped by an angular string-course. Uppermost courses of tower may have been rebuilt. Pyramidal roof. Thought to date from c.1600.
North wall: low, shallow buttress at north-east corner as mentioned above (under nave). Rectangular slit window at ground floor level above plinth, chamfered and with a projecting hood over the top. A second similar slit window is set at a higher level (perhaps c.4-5m), and above this a broader louvred window of two lights for the belfry stage, lacking a projecting hood, and the jambs showing considerable difference in weathering.
East wall: nave roof rises to just below belfry level; two-light louvred window for belfry with replacement mullion.
South wall: windows as north wall, except for belfry which has a single light, the lintel terminating in stop-like blocks.
West wall: lower windows as north wall; belfry window also similar but has a flat, projecting stone hood; one jamb replaced.
Interior
Porch. General. Tiled floor. Simple roof with collars.
East and west walls:- plain.
South wall: two-centred arch, stopped chamfers, sandstone dressings. 19thC.
Nave and chancel. General. Tiled floors, largely carpet covered; wooden boards beneath seating. Walls plastered and whitewashed. Roof of five bays with arch-braced trusses springing from corbels and having cusped scissor struts above. Chancel arch consists of cast iron pillars against the outer walls with floriate capitals supporting a main truss. 19thC wall brasses in chancel.
South wall: slab in a window embrasure records the rebuilding of 1829.
West wall: broad but low two-centred arched doorway with heavy sandstone jambs and dressings gives access to the tower.
Tower. General. Flagged floor with at least five grave slabs re-used. South and north wall faces inset to take joists at first floor level. Walls whitewashed. Deeply splayed windows.
Churchyard
The churchyard is pentagonal in shape, the church lying near to its centre. A short distance to the south-east is Afon Cynrig and the churchyard is set on the edge of its valley. It is well maintained and still used for burial.
Boundary: On the north side above the road the slight internal embankment is fronted by a revetment wall and there is an external drop of perhaps 1.5m. To the north-west the wall continues but the external drop is no more than 0.5m, and on the south-west and south-east the wall is in a poor state of repair and is reinforced by a wire fence; again the drop is little more than 0.5m. On this basis Cantref cannot be called a raised churchyard, the drop on the north probably resulting from the erosion of the adjacent roadway.
Monuments: these are well spread on the north side, with late 18thC graves on both sides of the path to the porch (Griffiths of RCAHMW counted 12 in all). There is little obvious burial on the south, west and east sides of the church.
Furniture: none.
Earthworks: a gently scarped platform is visible around the east end of the church.
Ancillary features: metal gates give entry from the north with a tarmac path to the porch. There are also small wooden gates on the north-west and north-east sides.
Vegetation: an avenue of yews lead to the church from the main gate and several others are dotted around, one on the previously mentioned scarp to the east of the church.
Hilo de la Fotohistoria en Pullip .es: DATING AT CINEMA (1 of 5): Minao Theatre /
CITA EN EL CINE (1 de 5): Cines Minao
(Read in this order) PAG: 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286.
FOTOSTORY: In English / En Español
Akari: Hahaha, thank you (^________^)
/
Akari: Jajaja, muchas gracias. (^________^)
COLLABORATION:
- Dom y Akari en el Foro de Pullips: Pullip .es
- Cinema's diorama by Minao. Sweets shop's diorama by Sheryl and Minao Collaboration.
- Little interpretation of Mad_Pullip's Emily as a MUSE fan.
SHERYL LINKS:
- Pullip .es: Las Fotohistorias de Sheryl
- Sheryl's Flickr: Photostories 2011 - Sketches 2011 / Photostories 2012 - Sketches 2012
Please : View On Black
Another "in house" photo . Maybe abstract , maybe it's suited for another texture , i don't know . What i have learned . Shoot RAW at minimum ISO ( 200 in my case ) , straighten , crop and tone the image then convert it in jpeg . Then edit it with GIMP . You still get noisy images because of the 8 bit j-peg processing . Damn , in this photo's case that's good .
Come on my dear developers with the new Gimp and 16 bit image processing . You have the power to free us from PS . Pretty please :) .