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Aperture occupies virtually whole of interior face (left hand image).
1: recurved pointed umbo (rostrum) overhanging concave interior.
2: asymmetrical “ears” to either side of rostrum resemble scallop.
3: outer layer (periostracum) forms broad border beyond inner layer.
4: fractured calcareous inner-layer held in place by periostracum.
5: close-set concentric striae and a few indistinct radiating lines.
6: embayment on right side of shell.
Full SPECIES DESCRIPTION BELOW
PDF available at www.researchgate.net/publication/353918067_Aplysia_puncta...
Sets of OTHER SPECIES: www.flickr.com/photos/56388191@N08/collections/
Aplysia punctata (Cuvier, 1803) Account revised August 2021
Current taxonomy: World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138758
Synonyms: Aplysia rosea Rathke, 1799; Aplysia hybrida J. Sowerby, 1806.
Meaning of name: Aplysia = that which cannot be washed; punctata = spotted.
Vernacular of just this species: Spotted sea hare (English); Môrwlithen glustiog (Welsh); Aplysie ponctuée (French); gemeiner Seehase (German); Pikasti morski zajček (Slovenian); Liebre de mar manchada (Spanish);
Vernacular of any Aplysia species: Sea hare (English); Lièvre de mer (French); zeehaas (Dutch); søhare (Danish); sjöhare (Swedish); Lepre marina (Italian);
GLOSSARY below.
Shell description
A. punctata has a rudimentary vestigial shell. Its height (longest dimension) is up to 40 mm, occasionally more; about 30% of the animal’s length. It is saucer-shape with a recurved, pointed umbo (rostrum) overhanging the concave interior, and there is an embayment on the right. It somewhat resembles a pectinid with asymmetrical “ears” either side of the rostrum.
The adult shell retains no trace of the spiral coiling of the veliger stage. It consists of two layers of conchiolin. The outer layer is the periostracum. The inner layer is transparent, imperceptibly calcified and limp on young specimens (fig. 1 flic.kr/p/DJpXbt ), and on older specimens is a translucent, thin, fragile, semi-calcareous layer, often fractured into pieces held in place by the periostracum (fig. 2 flic.kr/p/DSES2X ). The periostracum layer extends to form a broad flexible border beyond the inner layer. The exterior is amber-coloured with a sculpture of growth lines, close-set concentric striae and a few indistinct radiating lines. The aperture occupies virtually the whole of the ventral/interior face. On a living animal, the shell is concealed by the mantle (fig. 23 flic.kr/p/2oJVAzt ), except within a round foramen (fig. 3 flic.kr/p/CVh5eX ). There is no operculum.
Body description
The full-grown body length is about 70 mm and the usual maximum is 120 mm, exceptionally 200 mm (fig. 14 flic.kr/p/DQm3GL & fig. 15 flic.kr/p/Dqyc3s ). It has a large head and neck (fig. 4 flic.kr/p/DjbKoD ). The snout has a centrally divided oral veil which is usually loosely rolled into forward-orientated oral tentacles and curled flaps in front of the mouth (fig. 5 flic.kr/p/CVh2bn ). The appearance varies with the degree of rolling; sometimes flaps hang down from the oral tentacles (fig. 6 flic.kr/p/DJpNXK ). The snout is separated ventrally from the foot by a gutter (ffig. 5 flic.kr/p/CVh2bn ). The cephalic tentacles are also enrolled, but the edges are fused on the basal half; they resemble a hare's ears (fig. 5 flic.kr/p/CVh2bn ). Anterolaterally of each cephalic tentacle base there is a blue-black eye on a slightly raised mound of translucent unpigmented epithelium resembling a whitish iris (fig. 5 flic.kr/p/CVh2bn ).
Two large parapodia arise from the approximate mid-point of the body and extend to about 25% body length from the posterior where they unite (fig. 7 flic.kr/p/DJpNgz ). An external seminal groove runs from a common genital aperture, close to the anterior of the right parapodium, along the neck to the opening to the penial sheath near the base of the right oral tentacle (fig. 8 flic.kr/p/DJpM2a ). Raised walls along the sides of the seminal groove meet firmly at their edges, but do not fuse, to form a tube lined with cilia that propel the contents. The penis is spatulate with curled up edges and has an external seminal groove. It is engorged and extended from the everted penial sheath during copulation (fig. 9 flic.kr/p/DSEGJ8 & fig. 10 flic.kr/p/CVacmN ).
The parapodia can be held erect (fig. 11 flic.kr/p/DJpGJc ), semi-prone revealing enclosed anatomical features (fig. 3 flic.kr/p/CVh5eX & fig. 21 flic.kr/p/2nBEfgq ), or folded down to conceal features (fig. 12 flic.kr/p/DSEC4X ).
Colours and patterns on the external surfaces of body vary greatly between individuals www.nudibranch.org/Scottish %20Nudibranchs/aplysia-punctata.html (J. Anderson) , but usually there is a general progression in ground colour during growth from rose-red when small and feeding on red algae such as Delesseria, through brown or blackish-brown when on Laminaria to olive-brown when large and on Fucus (Eales, 1921). Many have fine spots of a darker shade of the ground colour arranged in elongate blotches, varying in prominence, which often form a reticulated pattern. In addition, some have white blotches. The edge of the parapodium often has a thin white rim, sometimes accompanied by black and/or reddish bands (fig. 13 flic.kr/p/DjbzG4 ), and the tips of the tentacles and edges of foot may have similar colours. The dorsal face of the parapodium, usually held concealed against the body, is unpigmented greyish white, apart from its border.
The mantle, enclosed by the parapodia, covers the shell apart from a large round foramen, and, at the posterior-right, forms an erect funnel with the anus near its base (fig. 3 flic.kr/p/CVh5eX ). The shell covers the viscera and the anal funnel fits against the embayment on its right-posterior edge (fig. 1). The anal funnel often protrudes when the parapodia are closed, but it is able to withdraw. The gill (fig. 21 flic.kr/p/2nBEfgq & fig. 22 flic.kr/p/2nBGFnR ) is a thick set, plume-like structure of loose connective tissue and muscle fibre covered by a partly ciliated epithelium (Eales, 1921, plate I). It has thickened lobes in place of the thin filaments of typical ctenidia. It is located in the narrow mantle-cavity on the right of the parapodial enclosure (fig. 3 flic.kr/p/CVh5eX ). It is affixed at its anterior end close to a yellow osphradium. The gill is usually concealed under the shell but may be erected above it if the oxygen level is sensed by the osphradium to be low. An unpigmented opaline gland is in the floor of the mantle cavity near the anterior-right of the parapodial enclosure and just to the posterior of the common genital opening (fig. 4 flic.kr/p/DjbKoD & fig. 21 flic.kr/p/2nBEfgq ). The anterior of the foot is almost rectangular and sometimes expands into a circular outline (fig. 13 flic.kr/p/DjbzG4 ). The posterior of the foot is bluntly pointed. The pale, unpigmented, narrow sole (fig. 5 flic.kr/p/CVh2bn ) is sometimes hidden by the edges curling together (fig. 11 flic.kr/p/DJpGJc ) and it may form into a rounded sucker at the anterior (fig. 13 flic.kr/p/DjbzG4 ), but rarely at the posterior (Thompson, 1976). There is no discernible subdivision of sole into regions (Eales, 1921).
Key identification features
Aplysia punctata
1. Parapodia unite at their posterior, c. 25% body length from posterior of body; see fig.3 in Grigg (1949) (fig. 7 flic.kr/p/DJpNgz ). It swims rarely, if at all, and clumsily if it does.
2. Foramen (fig. 3 flic.kr/p/CVh5eX ), a round hole in the mantle that exposes the shell, is larger, relative to the animal's size, than the foramen on A. depilans or A. fasciata.
3. Full-grown length about 70 mm, usual maximum 120 mm.
4. Foot occasionally expands into rounded sucker (fig. 13 flic.kr/p/DjbzG4 ) at anterior but rarely, if ever, at posterior. The sole is whitish.
5. Occurs all round Britain except parts of southern North Sea and north east Irish Sea.
Similar species
Aplysia depilans Gmelin, 1791
1. Parapodia unite at their posterior close to the posterior of the animal (fig.3 in Grigg, 1949) (fig. 16 flic.kr/p/DSEwU8 ). It is unlikely that it ever swims.
2. Foramen is smaller, relative to animal's size, than foramen on A. punctata
3. Length frequently 120 mm or more, up to 300 mm.
4. Foot frequently expands at posterior into rounded sucker attached to substrate. Sole brown.
5. In Britain (2015), confined to south west England; breeds in Cornwall.
Aplysia fasciata Poiret, 1789
1. Parapodia do not unite at their posterior. See fig. 3, as A. limacina, in Grigg (1949); frequently swims gracefully, see flic.kr/p/da9ojG (R. Fernandez); www.youtube.com/watch?v=x051Lw6LMBw#t=26 (M. Pontes).
2. Tiny foramen, pore-like on raised papilla (Grigg, 1949), is far smaller, relative to animal's size, than foramen on A. punctata; often difficult to discern.
3. Length frequently about 200 mm, with weight nearly 2kg, but up to 400 mm (largest British gastropod).
4. Foot pointed at posterior.
5. Reliably recorded from Dorset, South Devon, Cornwall and Channel Islands; rare.
Aplysia parvula Mörch, 1863
This species was recorded for Britain (Bebbington & Brown, 1975) on the basis of morphological features of small A. punctata specimens. Eales (1921) reported that small red specimens grew and changed colour to typical A. punctata when fed on non-red algae in captivity, so she dismissed their identification as a distinct species. Recent DNA studies (Golestani et al. 2019) found that A. parvula is confined to the tropical western Atlantic, and no DNA evidence for it was found in specimens examined from the north eastern Atlantic or Mediterranean.
Habits and ecology
A. punctata lives in shallow unpolluted water and occasionally on shores at LWS where its algal food grows; including red algae, Ulva (fig. 4 flic.kr/p/DjbKoD ) and Fucus.
Respiration: There is no obvious inhalent siphon; Jeffreys (1869) suggested that inflow was via the foramen, but this seems unlikely. Water is probably taken in between the body and anterior of the parapodia to the narrow mantle cavity on the right containing the gill (fig. 3 flic.kr/p/CVh5eX ). The water passes over the osphradium near the anterior attached-end of the gill. The current is created by cilia on the gill and, probably, on other surfaces. The osphradium tests the water-quality; if it is oxygen deficient, the gill may erect itself clear of the overhanging shell for better access to oxygenated water (Eales, 1921). The exhalent current leaves the animal via the anal funnel, taking faeces with it (fig. 17 flic.kr/p/DJpAiX ).
Defence : A. punctata is usually well camouflaged because its colour is often similar to alga it is feeding on. When irritated, the opaline gland (fig. 4 flic.kr/p/DjbKoD ) can release via the anal funnel (fig. 17 flic.kr/p/DJpAiX ) an acrid, white, viscous secretion, mixed with purple dye from the ink gland, to repel and confuse attackers. There are a few uncertain reports of predation on adults, but crustacea eat the spawn.
Reproduction: Breeding is recorded in February-November in Britain, but is most usual in spring. A. punctata is a simultaneous hermaphrodite, but distant spacing and positioning of the male and female orifices (fig. 9 flic.kr/p/DSEGJ8 ) prevent mutual interchange of gametes between a side-to-side pair in the manner of nudibranchs. One, acting as male, climbs astride another from behind and with the anterior of its foot firmly grips the mantle and shell (through the foramen) of the lower acting female. The penis of the acting male, engorged by blood and extruded by eversion of the internal penis sheath, is inserted into the vaginal part of the other's common genital aperture (fig. 9 flic.kr/p/DSEGJ8 ). Semen from the acting-male passes from its common genital aperture, through the external seminal groove on its neck and head, edge of the penial sheath and penis into the acting-female (fig. 10 flic.kr/p/CVacmN ). Often a chain of mating individuals forms, enabling all, except those at each end of the chain, to act as male and female simultaneously (fig. 9 flic.kr/p/DSEGJ8 ).
A. punctata often extrude spawn during coupling, and it often passes from the common genital opening along the seminal groove, escaping through a wrinkle part-way along it or continuing to emerge (confusingly) at the penial aperture. The spawn is a long string of spherical egg-capsules (fig.18 flic.kr/p/DSEwrV & fig. 20 flic.kr/p/DGfnSL ). There are about 500 capsules in each cm of spawn-string (fig. 19 flic.kr/p/DjbsiX ), and each capsule contains 3 or 4 ova. Copulation/ovipositing lasts several hours or even days, and the string is extruded intermittently in sections, each of which curls and tangles with the others (Eales, 1921). Its colour changes with time, so sections of string issued at different times by a single individual may have different shades from each other with abrupt colour changes corresponding to pauses in laying (fig. 20 flic.kr/p/DGfnSL ). The final colour is brown before veliger larvae emerge into the plankton. A mating/ovipositing chain of individuals results in a tangled mass of spawn strings. A sample mass from the River Yealm, Devon, had an estimated 135 000 ova (Thompson, 1976). Veliger larvae metamorphose after 20-22 days in the plankton at 15ºC into rose-red crawlers, about 5 mm long, feeding on red algae in shallow water (Thompson, 1976).
Distribution and status
A. punctata occurs from northern Norway to the Mediterranean, but is scarce or absent from the continental coast of the southern North Sea and extends into the Baltic no further than the Kattegat, GBIF map www.gbif.org/species/5191252 . It is found in unpolluted water all round Britain and Ireland, except in the north-east Irish Sea. the North Sea from Flamborough Head to Kent and much of the east coast of Scotland where it is absent or scarce. U.K. map NBN species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000173903
Acknowledgements
This account would not have been possible without the assistance of Jim Anderson, Heather Buttivant, Charlotte Cumming, Jonathan Campbell, David Fenwick, Andy Horton, David Kipling, Paula Lightfoot, Penny Martin, Simon Taylor and the photographers whose images have been linked to the account; their names are given next to the links. I gratefully thank them all.
References and links
Bebbington, A. 1992. British Aplysia species. Porcupine Newsletter Vol.5 no 6: 131 – 133. pmnhs.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/046-PNV5N6DEC92.pd...
Bebbington A, & Brown, GH. 1975. Aplysia parvula Guilding in Morch, an opisthobranch new to the British fauna. Journal of Conchology 28: 329–333.
Eales, N.B. 1921. Memoir 24 Aplysia. Proceedings and transactions of the Liverpool biological society. 35: 183 – 280.
archive.org/stream/proceedingstr35192021live#page/182/mod...
Forbes, E. & Hanley S. 1849-53. A history of the British mollusca and their shells. vol. 3 (1853), London, van Voorst. (As Aplysia hybrida); pp. 554-556. archive.org/stream/ahistorybritish05forbgoog#page/n568/mo...
Garstang, W. 1890. A complete list of the opisthobranchiate mollusca found at Plymouth; with further observations on their morphology, colours and natural history. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 1(4): 399-457. plymsea.ac.uk/50/ .
Golestani, H., Crocetta, F., Padula, V., Camacho-garcía, Y., Langeneck, J., Poursanidis, D., Pola, M., Baki yokeş, M., Cervera, J.L., Jung, D., Gosliner, T.M., Araya J.F., Hooker, Y, Schrödl, M. and Valdés, Á. 2019. The little Aplysia coming of age: from one species to a complex of species complexes in Aplysia parvula (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 20, 1–52
www.researchgate.net/publication/353918067_Aplysia_puncta...
Grigg, U.M. 1949. The occurence of British Aplysia. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 28(3): 795-805. plymsea.ac.uk/id/eprint/1391/ [has A. fasciata as A. limacina]
Høisæter, T. 2009. Distribution of marine, benthic, shell bearing gastropods along the Norwegian coast. Fauna norvegica 28: 5-106. www.ntnu.no/ojs/index.php/fauna_norvegica/article/view/563
Jeffreys, J.G. 1862-69. British conchology. vol. 5 (1869). London, van Voorst. pp.1-8 archive.org/stream/britishconcholog05jeff#page/n9/mode/2up .
Mazzarelli, 1893. Monografia delle Aplysiidae del Golfo di Napoli (Sistematica, Biologia, Anatomia, Fisiologia ed Embriologia) Memorie della Società Italiana delle Scienze. 9(4): 1-222, pls 1-13. . [Reference used by Grigg. Scroll down for colour images] media.accademiaxl.it/memorie/S3-VIX-1893/Mazzarelli1-222.pdf
McKay, D. & Smith, S.M. 1979. Marine mollusca of East Scotland. Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh.
Thompson, T.E. 1976. Biology of opisthobranch molluscs vol.1. London, Ray Society.
Current taxonomy: World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138758
Glossary
aperture = mouth of gastropod shell; outlet for head and foot.
anterolateral = situated in front and to the side of.
cephalic = (adj.) of or on the head.
cilia = (sing. cilium) microscopic linear extensions of membrane that move in rhythmic waves to create locomotion, or that move particles and liquids e.g. inhalent water currents. (Scanning electron microscope image at flic.kr/p/qQB5zj )
ciliated = (adj.) coated with cilia.
conchiolin = horny flexible protein that forms the periostracum and a matrix for the deposition of calcium carbonate to create other shell-layers.
ctenidium = comb-like molluscan gill; usually an axis with a row of filaments or lamellae on one or two sides.
ELWS = extreme low water spring tide (usually near March and September equinoxes).
epithelium = tissue forming outer layer of body surface and lining the alimentary canal and other hollow structures
everted = turned inside out and, like a sock.
foramen = natural, non-accidental, opening.
lobate = having or resembling lobes.
LWS = low water spring tide.
mantle = sheet of tissue that secretes the shell and forms a cavity for the gill in most marine molluscs. Confined to the shell-interior of most British shelled-gastropods, but also covers exterior on Aplysia.
opaline = acrid, white, viscous secretion used with purple ink by Aplysia to repel attackers.
operculum = plate of horny conchiolin, rarely calcareous, used to close shell aperture. Absent from Aplysia.
osphradium = organ for testing water quality, usually near the gill.
parapodia = (sing, parapodium) flap-like, lateral outgrowths of foot, usually held up against the sides of some sea slugs.
pectinid = member of the family Pectinidae (scallops).
periostracum = thin horny layer of chitinous material often coating shells.
plankton = animals and plants that drift in pelagic zone (main body of water).
plicate = corrugated so ridges and grooves alternate with each other on either side of axis.
rostrum = beak-like process on shell.
semen = fluid containing sperm.
seminal = relating to or containing semen.
striae = (sing. stria) usually parallel, slight, fine or narrow furrows, ridges, stripes, or streaks.
umbo = (pl. umbones) earliest part of the shell of a bivalve and some bivalve-like gastropod shells, such as in Aplysia punctata. It terminates in a beak which is best seen on an interior view.
veliger = shelled larva of marine gastropod or bivalve mollusc which swims by beating cilia of a velum (bilobed flap).
Well as you can see I'm not bored yet from shooting butterflies lol ;) I don't see these babies in winter so may as well enjoy while I can right? Here's a shot of another Red Admiral I saw recently..It really is a Red Admiral summer here..I see them everywhere I go.
"Red Admiral
an 'admirable' butterfly that migrates!"
"The Red Admiral or Vanessa atalanta (previously also known as Pyrameis atalanta) is a well-known colourful butterfly, found in temperate Europe, Asia and North America. The Red Admiral has a two inch (45-50mm) wing span."
"This large butterfly is identified by its striking dark brown, red and black wing pattern. More specifically, the dark wings possess orange bands that cross the fore wings and on the outer edge of the hind wings; white spots on the dorsal fore wings near the front margin; reddish bars on dorsal surface of all four wings."
Enjoy! Best viewed LARGE. (photograph taken in Mississauga, Ontario Canada)
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y también en Twiter
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Hoy una gota de agua se ha puesto el traje de fiesta transparente e invisible como el aire, y sobre su cuello ha dejado de señal su collarcito de Anabaena, allí, ingrávido, sus perlas verdes se mueven silenciosas y ondean lentamente unidas por el hilo de la vida al soplo de las corrientes del agua.
Anabaena es una cianobacteria, una alga verdeazulada. Ancestral, tan antigua como los primeros seres vivos que florecieron de la nada en las aguas de la Tierra cuando la vida era excepción, también futurista como los últimos que desaparecerán con ella. Ha acompañado a nuestra nave azul en épocas de calma y de también de convulsión y es capaz de soportar ambientes extremos, aguantando heladas intensas y soportando temperaturas superiores a los 70ºC.
Anabaena va añadiendo cuentas al collar que adorna esta gota de agua,como mago sin chistera y de cada una va haciendo poco a poco dos, como si nada, así se teje su vida entre las manos de la corriente que la lleva en volandas por el infinito del Lago de Sanabria.
Todas las cuentas de los collarcitos de Anabaena, dejan espacio, a intervalos regulares, para que otras gemas, los “heterocistes”, células perfectamente esféricas y algo mayores que las demás, se destaquen, y lo hagan tanto por su forma y tamaño, como por su función. Los heterocistes se encargan de fijar el nitrógeno, que procedente de la atmósfera, se ha disuelto en el agua y de esta forma constituyen uno de los primeros eslabones para la formación de proteínas.
Anabaena es verdeazulada, como una turquesa teñida de cielo, de su luz toma la energía para realizar la fotosíntesis y del aire y el agua el nitrógeno que recorrerá las vidas de otros seres. La vida en el Planeta se ha hecho posible gracias a cianobacterias como ellas que transformaron una atmósfera irrespirable en la que tenemos desde hace millones de años.
Anabaena es un mucho más que un collarcito que va creciendo cuenta a cuenta mientras se da un paseo por la vida y adorna el cuello de fiesta de las gotas de agua.
La especie de hoy Anabaena planctonica flota enfundada en su traje transparente de mucílago, casi invisible, pero eficaz y protector, evitará que sus cuentas se desgranen y se caigan despistadas hacia el fondo.
Al igual que otras cianobacterias Anabaena se defiende fabricando potentes sustancias neurotóxicas -anatoxina, saxitoxina y microcystina- que provocan graves daños en el sistema nervioso, lesiones hepáticas irreversibles o incluso la muerte a los animales que se alimentan de las plantas con las que puede llegar a establecer simbiosis. Anabaena ha establecido estos estrechos vínculos de amistad, una amistad con la que defiende su vida y la de sus amigos .
Anabaena planctonica vive en aguas estancadas en las que puede formar parte del plancton y crecer de forma explosiva si las condiciones para ella son favorables y se cita por vez primera para el Lago de Sanabria desde esta galería
La fotografía de hoy, realizada a 400 aumentos empleando la técnica de contraste de interferencia, se ha tomado sobre
una muestra recolectada a cinco metros de profundidad, el 30 de agosto de 2015, por Laura, Mª José y Tomás en las
inmediaciones de la Isla de Moras en el Lago de Sanabria (Zamora), desde el catamarán Helios Sanabria el primer
catamarán construido en el Planeta propulsado por energía eólica y solar.
presentación ponencia congreso internacional de Limnología
informes de contaminación en el Lago de Sanabria
la contaminación en el Lago de Sanabria
View On Black, or View my most interesting stream ON BLACK!
This is actually a reprocessing (using Silver Efex Pro 2 this time) of my old photo back in March. Click here for the old processing in Photoshop CS5, and you will definitely see the difference! I am quite happy to finally get the details right. :)
I think I'll get the Software for my black and white post-processing. What I cannot decide now is just to buy Silver Efex Pro 2 or the Complete Collection? Hmm...
歡迎點閱我最新的文章「暗夜」，或是我的部落格 光影、色彩、我，關於攝影二三事！
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~溫哥華, 英屬哥倫比亞省~
Lost Lagoon, Stanley Park, Vancouver, Canada
- ISO 100, F16, 2 sec, 16mm
- Canon 5D Mark II with EF 16-35mm f/2.8 L lens
- Sunset @7.19pm (268º) / Shot @ 7.10pm
© copyright 2012 Hsiang Wei Chao
.|| This image may not be used for any purposes without the expressed, written permission of the photographer.
54/365 - Carolina Drama - The Raconteurs
Today was another really tough day of hard work.
It started badly with the viewing of our work on the "Tea or Coffee" weekly theme with our studio teacher, and the work we did was not what he was thinking about.
We were too late at noon to grab the equipment we needed for the work of the afternoon so we had to eat something as quickly as possible and get back to the studio to finally take away a Mamiya RB67, a studio flash and a 120 Superia 400 ISO film.
We had less then 3 hours to go to town and shoot the film in order to make portraits on location of people working.
I was with Loic, Hugo and Florent with only 1 medium format camera for all of us... 4 different places to go to, including time to meet the guys, set up, find the good light, the good settings, to shoot, and to pack all things again... And be on time at school for the economic course, the "finish to kill" last course of the day until 7.15PM...
Luckily we met Simon who's already done his job and he lend to Loic and I his own RB67.
Loic had a appointment at Corezone shop but first we went to Hurley shop to shoot my film.
I've been there several times to take some testing portrait for shool, and the guys over there are really too nice and cool ! A huge thanks to them !
So this was a testing shot we did with the 7D to test the light before shooting with the Mamiya. Can't wait to see the analog results, this was a test for our studio course and my teacher will judge me on this work.
Also Loic did some cool shot with the Corezone shop's crew who are awesome !
Today I've chosen to quote lyrics from a Jack White's band The Raconteurs because it's a huge song and it's also on the original soundtrack of an awesome surf movie with Rob Machado.
I'm a huge fan of The Raconteurs and Jack White's music in fact.
Rob Machado is the guy on the picture behind Loic, it's an awesome surfer sponsored by Hurley that you should watch surfing !
Link to the trailer of the movie "The Drifter" with Carolina Drama - The Raconteurs music on the OST.
Light :
- 1 flash Elinchrom D-Lite4 with Portalite softbox at min power on the left of the sofa, fired with PC synch cable
Canon EOS 7D - Sigma 24-70mm f/2.8 DG macro EX
Sébastien Huruguen
Arriba: Puente grúa sobre las columnas del pórtico lindero a la futura estación Echeverría correspondiente a la prolongación de la línea B, una de las tantas obras de subte desfinanciada por el macrismo. Al frente del mismo (a la der), el viejo teatro 25 de Mayo remodelado y reinaugurado.
LAS PROMESAS DE MACRI Y LAS OBRAS
Dos megaobras mantienen este año un ritmo sostenido: Arroyo Maldonado y Teatro Colón. Pero la ampliación del subte camina a paso de hombre y son varios los proyectos que quedaron en compás de espera. El Gobierno porteño asegura que no se paralizó ninguna obra, aunque reconoce la existencia de demoras y dificultades. Hasta qué punto Macri cumplió sus promesas. Opinan los candidatos.
Foto: Propia (cualquier copia o reproducción requiere del previo permiso y/o consulta al autor).
Si querés la foto, primero consultame por correo a nicofoxfiles@hotmail.com
Texto: Por Enrique Colombano y Laura Di Marco para Noticias Urbanas.
Mauricio Macri ganó las elecciones porteñas prometiendo una avalancha de inversiones públicas, eficiencia y velocidad a una ciudad harta de la ineficiencia, la lentitud y la desinversión crónica. Se vendió a sí mismo, más que como un político, como un empresario eficaz, un ingeniero carente de las viejas mañas de la corporación política. Se vendió como alguien que venía de "afuera". Lo nuevo frente a lo viejo; los hechos frente a las palabras, sobre todo frente a las palabras de los "progres", que lo habían precedido en la gestión.
En pleno frenesí de su campaña llegó a prometer que construiría 10 kilómetros de subte por año, en una ciudad tan colapsada por el tránsito que cualquier paro de subtes la convierte en un tsunami en cuestión de minutos. Sin embargo, a un año y medio de gestión PRO, ¿cuántas de todas aquellas promesas esperanzadoras pudo concretar? ¿Cuál es realmente la obra pública de Macri y la inversión en infraestructura que está llevando adelante? ¿Cuánta plata dijo que iba a destinar a su gesta urbana, y cuánta destinó realmente? En una palabra, ¿cuánto de aquella eficiencia prometida ante las cámaras pudo llevar verdaderamente a la práctica? Como es lógico en estos casos, las percepciones varían, y sólo los números suelen darnos pistas más certeras.
Mientras el oficialismo jura que los 3.300 millones de pesos previstos para la obra pública de 2009 es el mayor porcentaje invertido en el rubro de los últimos años, y que PRO ha hecho más en un año y medio de gestión que los "progres" en muchas administraciones, la oposición responde, lapidaria, que Macri no ha hecho, directamente, obra pública, si por ella se entiende una inversión destinada a infraestructura de alto impacto. Por ejemplo, más subtes. Los legisladores del arco opositor le achacan al macrismo concentrarse en hacer cosas visibles –tales como el bacheo o la refacción de veredas–, pero no las que son más necesarias a largo plazo. Sospechan de transferencias de fondos estatales a las constructoras privadas y de conexiones non sanctas entre el oficialismo y las empresas vinculadas al grupo Macri. Le facturan que sólo inauguraron una escuela, en la Villa 21, y que, encima, es un predio que había sido previamente recuperado por los vecinos de la zona. Lanzan que del hospital prometido en Villa Lugano sólo hay una salita de primeros auxilios. Le cuestionan que este año los chicos porteños volverán a pasar frío en las escuelas por una impericia de gestión. Desde el Acuerdo Cívico y Social, el segundo candidato a legislador de Lilita, Juan pablo Arenaza, lo explica: "La Legislatura votó el año pasado una norma que le permitía a Macri destinar dinero a la mejora de la infraestructura en las escuelas, y de ese porcentaje sólo ejecutó un 40 por ciento; no queremos subtes, pero al menos que ponga gas en los colegios".
Finalmente, lanzan, de los 10 kilómetros de subte prometidos no pudo hacer ni uno solo. Macri –es sabido– acusa al Gobierno nacional y, de paso, a la escasa colaboración de Daniel Scioli en el fracaso de llevar adelante políticas con mirada metropolitana. Más aún, Gabriela Michetti, que lidera las encuestas porteñas, justificó su renuncia a la vicejefatura para pasar a la "pelea nacional" con el único objetivo de cambiar esas "injustas" reglas del juego, según los macristas.
Cristian Ritondo (PRO), presidente de la Comisión de Obras Públicas de la Legislatura, explica la situación con números en mano: "Nosotros esperábamos contar con 2.500 millones de dólares de financiamiento: 1.500 millones los iba a aportar el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), 500 millones la Ciudad y 500 millones la Nación, porque se había hablado con el ex jefe de Gabinete, Alberto Fernández, sobre la posibilidad de trabajar juntos para el Bicentenario". La historia que sigue es conocida: el Gobierno nacional jamás consideró avalar el pedido de toma de deuda, la economía mundial entró en crisis y, por último, Fernández se fue mal del Gobierno. La realidad es que hoy las obras del subte "sobreviven" a paso de hormiga con el presupuesto asignado (116 millones de pesos), además de un 5 por ciento de lo que recauda Autopistas Urbanas S.A. (AUSA), que se destina a Subterráneos de Buenos Aires (Sbase) y que son apenas 12 millones de pesos más. Esto alcanza para mantener en funcionamiento las obras civiles, pero no para tender la red.
Este mes se debería haber inaugurado la estación de Corrientes y Pueyrredón de la línea H. No ocurrió. El Gobierno porteño sólo alcanzó a poner en funcionamiento las estaciones Puán y Carabobo de la línea A, que, encima, ya estaban terminadas desde fines de 2007.
Desde la oposición, el segundo candidato de Diálogo por la Ciudad, el ibarrista Mario Gygli, sale a cruzar a PRO: "Yo puedo demostrar, con números, que Macri miente cuando se victimiza. Él puede avanzar perfectamente con las obras de los subtes con presupuesto propio, sin pedirle plata a nadie, como lo hicimos nosotros en plena crisis de 2001, cuando construimos 11 kilómetros".
Desde el Frente para la Victoria, Francisco Tito Nenna va en la línea de Gygli cuando destaca que Buenos Aires tiene uno de los presupuestos más vigorosos del país. Y avanza: "Lo que hay es una transferencia de los recursos del Estado a empresas de construcción privadas, amigas del macrismo, que son las que se dedican a arreglar veredas y baches".
Para las obras de ampliación de la red de subtes, el macrismo había asignado inicialmente 447,5 millones de pesos, pero más adelante tuvo que recortar a 116 millones. Ya sea porque los demás fueron peores, porque lo actual no es tan malo como dice la oposición o porque la estrategia de la "acupuntura urbana" –y visible– da resultado, lo cierto es que, según las encuestas, los porteños, aunque no están del todo conformes, no le soltaron la mano a Macri. Más aún, los politólogos suelen decir que la estrategia de victimización "paga" en el caso de Macri: la gente, en general, le cree cuando culpa al Gobierno nacional. Una cosa es verdad: además del aval para el financiamiento de subtes, la Nación "cajoneó" el Fondo de Infraestructura Social (Foiso), una toma de deuda por 1.600 millones que Macri pensaba destinar a la obra social, como refacción de escuelas y hospitales.
REALIDADES Y PROMESAS
De todas las megaobras prometidas, lo cierto es que sólo dos marchan a ritmo este año: las refacciones del Teatro Colón, que terminarían en 2010 según promete el Gobierno porteño, y la del canal aliviador del Arroyo Maldonado, que permitirá evitar inundaciones en vastas zonas de la Ciudad.
Después, sí, se incluyeron obras de envergadura intermedia. Veamos: intervenciones en la Red Pluvial II –son 25 y el Gobierno porteño promete terminar la mitad este año– o las obras de la 9 de Julio Sur, a cargo de AUSA. Y finalmente, tenemos bacheo, lo más visible, la ampliación de calles, construcción de placitas, adoquinados, desadoquinados, peatonalización, muchos obreros vestidos de amarillo con la leyenda "Haciendo Buenos Aires", más bacheo, antenimiento. La famosa "acupuntura urbana". La megaobra del Teatro Colón es un tema aparte; le destinarán 106,5 millones, pero desde el Frente para la Victoria sugieren que en las demoras hay algo turbio. Nenna dirá concretamente: "Hay que estar atento porque pueden llevarnos a un proceso de privatización".
Cuando en noviembre del año pasado el ministro de Desarrollo Urbano, Daniel Chaín, fue a la Legislatura, a las reuniones previas a la aprobación del Presupuesto 2009, reconoció que este año el Gobierno porteño iba a tener que suspender obras previstas por 472 millones de pesos.
Desde el macrismo, el vocero del Ministerio de Desarrollo Urbano, Sergio Levit, es enfático cuando niega que se hayan parado obras y, en cambio, destaca los avances en la obra del Maldonado: "Es la obra más importante que se hace en Latinoamérica y la que tiene la más mayor tecnología". En verdad, lo que la administración PRO tiene para decir es que hacen lo que pueden con el dinero que tienen. Y hay muchas obras que se dejaron de lado, entre ellas la anunciada construcción de nuevos neuropsiquiátricos, el aliviador de la Cuenca Medrano-White y la megalicitación Oasis Urbanos, una construcción de espacios verdes en lugares estratégicos de la Ciudad, que fue reemplazada por un programa de licitaciones progresivas.
Desde la oposición dicen, en cambio, que Macri tiene serios problemas para encarar licitaciones de largo aliento. "No tiene cuadros capaces de llevar adelante y concluir un proceso licitatorio", dicen, palabras más o menos, desde Proyecto Sur, el FPV, el socialismo, el ibarrismo y el lilismo porteño. Precisamente, desde Proyecto Sur, el médico del hospital Argerich, Jorge Selzer, segundo candidato a legislador porteño detrás de Fabio Basteiro, lanza un último dardo al ingeniero PRO: "Debería planificarse el crecimiento
urbano y poner topes en la Ciudad, de lo contrario la polución y el consumo de energía van a ser insostenibles". El año pasado la Legislatura sancionó, luego de varios años de demora, el Plan Urbano Ambiental (PUA). La norma, ordenada
por la Constitución de la Ciudad, es la ley marco que garantiza los derechos urbanos de los porteños. De allí se desprende cómo se debe planear la Ciudad a partir de ejes como el transporte, los espacios públicos, la vivienda, la producción o el empleo. El PUA sugiere la discusión de una política interconectada y, también, la reformulación urgente del Código Urbanístico, que dice qué se puede construir y en dónde. Hoy el Código que se usa es del 77 y no responde al modelo de ciudad que propone el nuevo plan urbano. También redactar nuevos códigos de Habilitaciones y Espacio Púbico. Finalmente, ampliar la mirada a escala metropolitana, en lugar de centrarse sólo en la Ciudad, es otro de los desafíos.
A estas alturas, Macri ya debe haberse dado cuenta de que para achicar la distancia que media entre la campaña y el poder real deberá apelar sí o sí a la política. Porque con la ingeniería sola no le va alcanzar.
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San Lorenzo 2008 - Huesca (Spain).
They really enjoy it? / ¿Realmente lo pasan bien?
ENGLISH
In 1940, the night before their first mass jump, the 501st Parachute Infantry Regiment of U.S. paratroopers at Fort Benning watched the film Geronimo (1939 film), in which the actor playing Geronimo yells his name as he leaps from a high cliff into a river, depicting a real-life escape Geronimo successfully attempted in which with his Cadillac horse, he jumped off Medicine Bluff at Fort Sill, Oklahoma into the Medicine Creek. Private Aubrey Eberhardt announced he would shout the name when he jumped from the airplane to prove he was not scared. The trend has since caught on elsewhere, becoming widely associated with any sort of high jump in popular culture. This unit was the first parachute battalion of the U.S. Army.
More info: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geronimo
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CASTELLANO
Allá por 1940, un grupo de soldados del regimiento 501 de paracaidismo de los Estados Unidos se preparaba para realizar su primer salto con paracaídas y el día de antes se juntaron todos y decidieron ver una película y echar unas cervecitas para calmar los nervios. La película que vieron era Gerónimo, filmada en 1939, y trataba sobre la vida de un ilustre jefe indio apache en Norteamérica del mismo nombre.
En una escena de la película sobre Gerónimo, salía su protagonista huyendo y para escapar se tiraba a un río desde una gran roca. Y efectivamente, mientras se tiraba gritaba su nombre a todo pulmón: “Gerónimoooooooooooooo“.
A los paracaidistas americanos les pareció una buena idea gritar igual que el apache cuando realizaran su primer salto, como una forma de quitarse los miedos, y así lo hicieron. A partir de entonces el regimiento adopta el nombre de Gerónimo bajo su insignia.
Proyecto Final de Fotografía Artística (Junio 2010) :))))))))))))).
DESAFÍO A LA VEJEZ
Cuando yo llegue a vieja
si es que llego
y me mire al espejo
y me cuente las arrugas
como una delicada orografía
de distendida piel.
Cuando pueda contar las marcas
que han dejado las lágrimas
y las preocupaciones,
y ya mi cuerpo responda despacio
a mis deseos,
cuando vea mi vida envuelta
en venas azules,
en profundas ojeras,
y suelte blanca mi cabellera
para dormirme temprano
como corresponde
cuando vengan mis nietos
a sentarse sobre mis rodillas
enmohecidas por el paso de muchos inviernos,
sé que todavía mi corazón estará
-rebelde- tictaqueando
y las dudas y los anchos horizontes
también saludarán mis mañanas.
Gioconda Belli
Please don't use this image on websites, blogs or other media without my explicit permission - All Rights Reserved ©.
In Southern California, we have deserts, we have mountains, and we have deserts in our mountains. At an elevation of 4,000 feet, this is one beautiful example of a desert in the mountains, with its own kind of fall colors.
The contrasts between the reds, grays, tans, browns, and greens were quite striking during the day, but I would not have been able to capture them, since they were too extreme. I think the perfect time would have been at first light or just before sunset, but I didn't expect such beautiful scenes, so we didn't arrive in time for a morning shoot and we were still busy with testing in the afternoon, so there wasn't time before sunset.
This was shot at about 30 minutes after sundown and the colors are pretty true, but the sky was still blown and when I compensated for that, the rest of the scene was too dark. I wish I would have brought my tripod, so I could have made an HDR, but if I did, it probably would have looked fake, since it already kind of does in this single shot.
- large -
Where: Sweden, Östergötland, Motala. google maps.
When: 20100602
How and why: The green reflections of a spring forest in evening light, the rush of the water over the stones. Used my 100mm to isolate a detail of this scene, but the whole thing was lovely too.
Editing: Minor adjustments.
Exposure: 8s
Aperture: f/22.0
Focal Length: 100 mm
ISO Speed: 100
fonte: www.diggita.it/v.php?id=1570295 Come preparare una frittata light? Al forno! via ---> www.diggita.it/v.php?id=1570295
Quien no tiene para contar alguna historia de la puta mili....bueno yo no porque por aquél tiempo aun no se había incorporado la mujer en el ejercito, no existía tal posibilidad, así que soy una mera espectadora más de todos aquellas batallas que me han contado otros que si vivieron el panorama del servicio militar reglamentario. Cuántas anécdotas quizás os haga recordar a muchos de vosotros , situaciones agradables y otras desagradables y que os hago ahora buscar en el baúl de vuestros recuerdos…
Navegando por internet, encontré un artículo sobre este tema, una de esas historias de la mili y en la que muy posiblemente alguno pueda sentirse identificado por haber vivido una situación similar o parecida.
A mi , la verdad, me causó gracia el leerlo, así que he decidido acompañar ese artículo en la presentación de esta singular foto donde parecen estos gansos estar en formación...esperando pasar revista, o esperando que toquen diana, o esperando que suene la marcha militar….
Así que ¡¡ ARR , firmes !!...empieza ya :
Para algunos estas historias de la puta mili, lejos de aquél lugar y de aquél tiempo vuelven a reproducirsele en su vida , de tal modo que el Cuartel ha cambiado de nombre y se le llama ahora Hogar Familiar……., y sin querer agraviar a ninguna mujer por supuesto, pero quien no ha oído decir a él eso de : ¡¡“ Mi señora es un sargento” !! y a ella gritar Pepee pero donde vas con esos zapatos sucios!!!...Pepe, pero si no te has cortado el pelo!!!!!....Pepeeeeee y esa barba!!!!!!....Pepeeee pero metete la camisa por dentro del pantalón!!! y nada, al final empieza la discusión y terminas arrestado en casa…y a dormir en el catre que tenías por aquellos entonces en el calabozo - en la actualidad algo más cómodo, porque en casa es el sofá-… porque claro en la cama ya ni se te ocurra meterte…20 días de arresto sin catarlo!!,.( ya sabéis “el qué” cuando se dice eso)….
Son “historias de la puta mili “ que parecen que nunca tienen fin.
María.-
Cunit, Tarragona (Spain).
Doing playback of the song / Haciendo el playback de la canción.
ENGLISH
The Carnival of Cunit is the oldest of the region of the Baix Penedès as we understand it at the moment since it is being celebrated of uninterrupted way from 1988; they are practically 2 weeks of different playful acts and celebration that has like central event great the cavalcade of carnival.
The cavalcade is celebrated the Saturday of carnival and is headed by Her Majesty Carnestoltes, “king of insolents” and the queen of carnival and her ladies (chosen in an act celebrated in the middle of August of the previous year); behind them it follows to him more than 60 groups of krewes and floats of all Penedès and part of Tarragona with a participation in 2006 of more than 4,500 different people disguised of thematic. The cavalcade leaves the railway station and finalizes in the square of Catalonia (square of the Casal). The route of cavalcade has a length of 3.5 kilometers where they are possible to be reunited up to 30,000 watching people (as much disguised as not). At the end of the cavalcade most of groups they go to the Platja de Calafell to make another cavalcade there.
The midnight after cavalcade is celebrated the great dance of carnival where they are distributed the prizes to the best groups as well as to the more original individual disguises, balconies and showcases of stores better adorned.
Sunday is celebrated the infantile carnival infantile with groups of animation and a "chocolatada" for the assistants when finalizing the act.
The carnivals finalize Wednesday with the burial of the sardine, in which is made a small cavalcade by the town taking for a walk the body of the Carnestoltes and finalizes in the station where is made popular "sardinada".
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CASTELLANO
El Carnaval de Cunit es el más antiguo de la comarca del Baix Penedès tal y como lo entendemos actualmente ya que lleva desde el 1988 celebrándose de manera ininterrumpida; prácticamente son 2 semanas de diferentes actos lúdicos y de fiesta que tiene como evento central la gran rúa de carnaval.
La rúa se celebra el sábado de carnaval y es encabezada por S.M. el Carnestoltes, "rei dels pocasoltes" y la reina de carnaval y sus damas (elegidas en un acto celebrado a mediados de agosto del año anterior); detrás de ellos le sigue más de 60 grupos de comparsas y carrozas de todo el Penedés y parte de Tarragona con una participación en el 2006 de más de 4.500 personas disfrazadas de diferentes temáticas. La rúa sale de la estación de ferrocarril y finaliza en la plaza de Cataluña (plaza del Casal). El recorrido de la rúa tiene una longitud de 3,5 kilómetros dónde se pueden reunir hasta 30.000 personas espectadoras (tanto disfrazadas como no). Al termino de ésta la mayoría de grupos se dirigen a La Platja de Calafell para realizar allí otra rúa.
La medianoche después de la rúa se celebra el gran baile de carnaval dónde se reparten los premios a los mejor grupos así como a los disfraces individuales más originales, balcones y escaparates de tiendas mejor adornados.
El domingo se celebra el carnaval infantil con grupos de animación y chocolatada para los asistentes al finalizar el acto.
Los carnavales finalizan el miércoles con el entierro de la sardina, en el cual se realiza una pequeña rúa por el pueblo paseando el cuerpo del Carnestoltes y finaliza en la estación dónde se realiza una sardinada popular.
Fuente: es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunit
On the north side of the Golden Gate is the Coast Guard Station for San
Francisco Bay. Here the water flows quickly against the shore as the tide
rises and falls. Pelicans apparently find this swift water great hunting
grounds as we were treated to flocks of them diving in some cases just a few
feet away from the rocks I was standing on. We were also treated to
cursing fishermen as sea lions played games with them stealing their bait
just as soon as they would cast it out. Amusing for this photographer but
probably not for the fishermen.
Nikon D300
f / 2.8
s 1/800
ISO 400
Software Used:
Adobe Camera Raw
Photoshop CS4 for Sharpening and Noise Reduction
Darv
© Darvin Atkeson
This was a shoot from my first air show put on by the Navy Blue Angels. A fantastic show. These planes (for the show) are flying at speeds ranging from 150-450 mph, so high shutter speed is important to get sharp images and is not really difficult to achieve on sunny days like this one. The Blue Angels have a predetermined spot at which they perform some of their maneuvers like this one in which they pass by one another at a very close distance (remarkable) so here, shutter speed, aperture, steady camera and knowing that sweet spot where they pass is important to get sharp images. Here, I didn't know where that center point was so I panned with the number six plane and shot at 5 frames a second hoping to get the image I got, but because of my panning the number five plane became blurred (traveling the opposite direction of the pan). The show was wonderful and I learned a lot.
This image was shot with a 70-200VR lens at 5.6 and a shutter speed of 1/2500 sec.
Chorão-das-praias é o nome comum da espécie Carpobrotus edulis, uma planta suculenta, rastejante, nativa da região do Cabo, na África do Sul. Em regiões com clima semelhante, como o Mediterrâneo e partes da Austrália e Califórnia, escapou ao controle humano e tornou-se uma espécie invasora.
Carpobrotus edulis is a creeping, mat-forming succulent species and member of the Stone Plant family Aizoaceae, one of about 30 species in the genus Carpobrotus. It is also known as Ice Plant, Highway Ice Plant, Pigface or Hottentot Fig and in South Africa as the Sour Fig, on account of its edible fruit. It was previously classified in genus Mesembryanthemum and is sometimes referred to by this name. The species is native to South Africa but is naturalised in many other regions throughout the world.
“75 millones por nada”
Foto: Propia (cualquier copia o reproducción requiere del previo permiso y/o consulta al autor).
Si querés la foto, primero consultame por correo a nicofoxfiles@hotmail.com
Texto: Por Germán López.
El candidato a diputado nacional, Aníbal Ibarra, denunció que las empresas Roggio y Dycasa “recibieron 75 millones de pesos” del Gobierno de Mauricio Macri “para que no hagan nada con los subtes”. Ibarra aseguró a adnciudad.com que “tardaron 10 días en firmar ese contrato y entregar 75 millones por nada”.
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El candidato a diputado nacional Aníbal Ibarra denunció este miércoles al mediodía que el Gobierno de Mauricio Macri “entregó 75 millones de pesos a dos empresas para que no hagan nada en los subtes”. El destituido Jefe de Gobierno sostuvo que “no es que no hay plata en la Ciudad” sino que está mal administrada.
“Macri tiene 5 mil millones de dólares, cuenta con los recursos que nunca ningún Jefe de Gobierno tuvo, y encima dice que no tiene plata, entregó 75 millones de pesos a dos empresas para que no hagan nada en los subtes”, dijo Ibarra en la conferencia de prensa.
“Además, tardaron sólo 10 días en firmar ese contrato y entregar 75 millones contra nada”, explicó y agregó: “Las empresas que recibieron la plata para los subtes son Roggio y Dycasa”.
“En lo que es manejo de recursos, endeudando la Ciudad, gobernando con déficit, hay un manejo que se va a notar en los próximos años. El año pasado sacaron 120 millones de obras en escuelas y lo mandaron a baldosas. Deberían estar haciendo mucho más con los recursos que tienen”, concluyó.
En diálogo con adnciudad.com, Ibarra dio más detalles de la denuncia: “En noviembre pasado, el Gobierno de la Ciudad le otorgó 34.600.000 pesos a la empresa Dycasa y 39.600.000 pesos a Roggio, como adelanto de las obras por un total de 500 millones de pesos que debían realizarse en la extensión de la línea A (Dycasa) y de la línea B de subtes (Roggio)”.
A lo que añadió: “La idea era hacer las cocheras para los vagones de ambas líneas, pero acto seguido el macrismo transfirió los 300 millones de pesos destinados a tal fin a otra repartición, desfinanciando las obras”.
Frente a lo cual Ibarra expresó: “Actualmente no hay ningún adelanto en las obras previstas en las líneas de subtes, ni tampoco hay un reclamo de devolución de los adelantos, dado que ahora no hay recursos para concluir los trabajos”.
En imagen: En Floresta, sobre Avenida Rivadavia, el tránsito sortea las obras complementarias correspondientes al emplazamiento de la futura Cochera Taller posterior a Nazca. Las mismas, siguen paralizadas por desfinanciamiento y mala administración del Gobierno de Macri.
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Artizen HDR Lock06
The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 4.5 million objects. Founded in 1852 as the South Kensington Museum, the V&A has since grown to now cover some 12.5 acres[2] and 145 galleries. Its collection spans 5000 years of art, from ancient times to the present day, in virtually every medium, from the cultures of Europe, North America, Asia and North Africa.
The holdings of ceramics, glass, textiles, costumes, silver, ironwork, jewellery, furniture, medieval objects, sculpture, prints and printmaking, drawings and photographs are among the largest and most comprehensive in the world. The museum possesses the world's largest collection of post-classical sculpture, the holdings of Italian Renaissance items are the largest outside Italy. The departments of Asia include art from South Asia, Japan, China, Korea and the Islamic world. The East Asian collections are among the best in Europe, with particular strengths in ceramics and metalwork, while the Islamic collection, alongside the Musée du Louvre and Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, is amongst the largest in the world.
Alongside other neighbouring institutions, including the Natural History Museum and Science Museum, the V&A is located in what is termed London's "Albertopolis", an area of immense cultural, scientific and educational importance. Since 2001, the Museum has embarked on a major £150m renovation program[3] which has seen a major overhaul of the departments including the introduction of newer galleries, gardens, shops and visitor facilities. Following in similar vein to other national UK museums, entrance to the museum has been free since 2001.
from wikipedia
www.meucat.com/maps/mapa_satelite.php?COD=roma&NOME=P...
Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi
Following, a text, in english, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
The Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi or "Fountain of the Four Rivers" is a fountain in Rome, Italy, located in the Piazza Navona. Designed by Gianlorenzo Bernini, it is emblematic of the dynamic and dramatic effects sought by High Baroque artists. It was erected in 1651 in front of the church of Sant'Agnese in Agone, and yards from the Pamphilj Palace belonging to this fountain's patron, Innocent X (1644-1655).
The four gods on the corners of the fountain represent the four major rivers of the world known at the time: the Nile, Danube, Ganges, and Plate. The design of each god figure has symbolic importance.
Design
Bernini's design was selected in competition. The circumstances of his victory are described as follows:
So strong was the sinister influence of the rivals of Bernini on the mind of Innocent that when he planned to set up in Piazza Navona the great obelisk brought to Rome by the Emperor Caracalla, which had been buried for a long time at Capo di Bove for the adornment of a magnificent fountain, the Pope had designs made by the leading architects of Rome without an order for one to Bernini. Prince Niccolò Ludovisi, whose wife was niece to the pope, persuaded Bernini to prepare a model, and arrange for it to be secretly installed in a room in the Palazzo Pamphili that the Pope had to pass. When the meal was finished, seeing such a noble creation, he stopped almost in ecstasy. Being prince of the keenest judgment and the loftiest ideas, after admiring it, said: “This is a trick … It will be necessary to employ Bernini in spite of those who do not wish it, for he who desires not to use Bernini’s designs, must take care not to see them.”
Paraphrase from Filippo Baldinucci, The life of Cavaliere Bernini (1682)
Public fountains in Rome served multiple purposes: first, they were highly needed sources of water for neighbors in the centuries prior to home plumbing. Second, they were monuments to the papal patrons. Earlier Bernini fountains had been the Fountain of the Triton in Piazza Barberini, the fountain of the Moor in the southern end of Piazza Navona erected during the Barberini papacy, and the Neptune and Triton for Villa Montalto, whose statuary now resides at Victoria and Albert Museum in London.
Each has animals and plants that further carry forth the identification, and each carries a certain number of allegories and metaphors with it. The Ganges carries a long oar, representing the river's navigability. The Nile's head is draped with a loose piece of cloth, meaning that no one at that time knew exactly where the Nile's source was. The Danube touches the Papal coat of arms, since it is the large river closest to Rome. And the Río de la Plata is sitting on a pile of coins, a symbol of the riches America could offer to Europe (the word plata means silver in Spanish). Also, the Río de la Plata looks scared by a snake, showing rich men's fear that their money could be stolen. Each is a river god, semi-prostrate, in awe of the central tower, epitomized by the slender Egyptian obelisk (built for the Roman Serapeum in AD 81), symbolizing by Papal power surmounted by the Pamphili symbol (dove). In addition, the fountain is a theater in the round, a spectacle of action, that can be strolled around. Water flows and splashes from a jagged and pierced mountainous disorder of travertine marble. A legend, common with tour-guides, is that Bernini positioned the cowering Rio de la Plata River as if the sculpture was fearing the facade of the church of Sant'Agnese by his rival Borromini could crumble against him; in fact, the fountain was completed several years before Borromini began work on the church.
The dynamic fusion of architecture and sculpture made this fountain revolutionary when compared to prior Roman projects, such as the stilted designs Acqua Felice and Paola by Fontana in Piazza San Bernardo (1585-87) or the customary embellished geometric floral-shaped basin below a jet of water such as the Fontanina in Piazza Campitelli (1589) by Giacomo della Porta.
Unveiling
he Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi was unveiled to the populace of Rome on 12 June 1651. According to a report from the time, an event was organised to draw people to the Piazza Navona. Beforehand, wooden scaffolding, overlaid with curtains, had hidden the fountain, though probably not the obelisk, which would have given people an idea that something was being built, but the precise details were unknown. Once unveiled, the full majesty of the fountain would be apparent, which the celebrations were designed to advertise. The festival was paid for by the Pamphili family, to be specific, Innocent X, who had sponsored the erection of the fountain. The most conspicuous item on the Pamphili crest, an olive branch, was brandished by the performers who took part in the event.
The author of the report, Antonio Bernal, takes his readers through the hours leading up to the unveiling. The celebrations were announced by a woman, dressed as the allegorical character of Fame, being paraded around the streets of Rome on a carriage or float. She was sumptuously dressed, with wings attached to her back and a long trumpet in her hand. Bernal notes that "she went gracefully through all the streets and all the districts that are found among the seven hills of Rome, often blowing the round bronze [the trumpet], and urging everyone to make their way to that famous Piazza." A second carriage followed her; this time another woman was dressed as the allegorical figure of Curiosity. According to the report, she continued exhorting the people to go towards the piazza. Bernal describes the clamour and noise of the people as they discussed the upcoming event.
The report is actually less detailed about the process of publicly unveiling the fountain. However, it does give ample descriptions of the responses of the spectators who had gathered in the Piazza. Once there, Bernal notes, the citizens of the city were overwhelmed by the massive fountain, with its huge life-like figures. The report mentions the "enraptured souls" of the population, the fountain, which "gushes out a wealth of silvery treasures" causing "no little wonder" in the onlookers. Bernal then continues to describe the fountain, making continuous reference to the seeming naturalism of the figures and its astonishing effect on those in the piazza.
The making of the fountain was met by opposition by the people of Rome for several reasons. First, Innocent X had the fountain built at public expense during the intense famine of 1646-48. Throughout the construction of the fountain, the city murmurred and talk of riot was in the air. Pasquinade writers protested the construction of the fountain in September 1648 by attaching hand-written invectives on the stone blocks used to make the obelisk. These pasquinades read, "We do not want Obelisks and Fountains, It is bread that we want. Bread, Bread, Bread!" Innocent quickly had the authors arrested, and disguised spies patrol the Pasquino statue and Piazza Navona
The streetvendors of the market also opposed the construction of the fountain, as Innocent X expelled them from the piazza. The Pamphilij pope believed they detracted from the magnificence of the square. The vendors refused to move, and the papal police had to chase them from the piazza. Roman Jews, in particular, lamented the closing of the Navona, since they were allowed to sell used articles of clothing there at the Wednesday market.
Navona Square (Piazza Navona).
Following, a text, in english, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Piazza Navona is a city square in Rome, Italy. It is built on the site of the Stadium of Domitian, built in first century AD, and follows the form of the open space of the stadium.[1] The ancient Romans came there to watch the agones ("games"), and hence it was known as 'Circus Agonalis' (competition arena). It is believed that over time the name changed to 'in agone' to 'navone' and eventually to 'navona'.
Defined as a public space in the last years of 15th century, when the city market was transferred to it from the Campidoglio, the Piazza Navona is a significant example of Baroque Roman architecture and art. It features sculptural and architectural creations: in the center stands the famous Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi or Fountain of the Four Rivers (1651) by Gian Lorenzo Bernini; the church of Sant'Agnese in Agone by Francesco Borromini and Girolamo Rainaldi; and the Pamphilj palace also by Rainaldi and which features the gallery frescoed by Pietro da Cortona.
The Piazza Navona has two additional fountains: at the southern end is the Fontana del Moro with a basin and four Tritons sculpted by Giacomo della Porta (1575) to which, in 1673, Bernini added a statue of a Moor, or African, wrestling with a dolphin, and at the northern end is the Fountain of Neptune (1574) created by Giacomo della Porta. The statue of Neptune in the northern fountain, the work of Antonio Della Bitta, was added in 1878 to make that fountain more symmetrical with La Fontana del Moro in the south.
At the southwest end of the piazza is the ancient 'speaking' statue of Pasquino. Erected in 1501, Romans could leave lampoons or derogatory social commentary attached to the statue.
During its history, the piazza has hosted theatrical events and other ephemeral activities. From 1652 until 1866, when the festival was suppressed, it was flooded on every Saturday and Sunday in August in elaborate celebrations of the Pamphilj family. The pavement level was raised in the 19th century and the market was moved again in 1869 to the nearby Campo de' Fiori. A Christmas market is held in the piazza.
Other monuments on the Piazza Navona are:
Stabilimenti Spagnoli
Palazzo de Cupis
Palazzo Torres Massimo Lancellotti
Church of Nostra Signora del Sacro Cuore
Palazzo Braschi (Museo di Roma)
Sant'Agnese in Agone
Literature and films
The piazza is featured in Dan Brown's 2000 thriller Angels and Demons, in which the Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi "The Fountain of the four rivers"(the Danube, the Gange, the Nile and the River Plate) is listed as one of the Altars of Science. During June 2008, Ron Howard directed several scenes of the film adaptation of Angels and Demons on the southern section of the Piazza Navona, featuring Tom Hanks.
The piazza is featured in several scenes of director Mike Nichols' 1970 adaptation of Joseph Heller's novel, Catch-22.
The Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi was used in the 1990 film Coins in the Fountain. The characters threw coins into the fountain as they made wishes. The Trevi Fountain was used in the 1954 version of the film.
A Fontana Dei Quattro Fiumi, é maior das três fontes, localizada no centro da praça. Na fonte dos rios, Bernini projetou quatro estátuas representando os rios dos quatro continentes: o Nilo, o Danúbio, o rio da Prata e o Ganges. As estátuas estão montadas sobre um obelisco egípcio, sendo circundadas por leões e outros animais fantásticos, tendo no cume uma pomba em bronze, símbolo da paz no mundo e da família Pamphili. Para realçar a rivalidade entre Bernini e Borromini, que fez a igreja de Santa Agnese, os romanos criaram uma lenda em torno da fonte dos rios, que fica em frente a esta igreja. Segundo os romanos, as estátuas duvidam da solidez do projeto de Borromini. A que retrata o rio da Prata, tem a mão erguida, a proteger o corpo do desabamento da igreja; a que retrata o Nilo, traz a cabeça coberta por um véu, a recusar a ver a obra de Borromini.
A seguir um texto, em português, da Wikipédia a Enciclopédia Livre:
Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi
Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi (Fonte dos Quatro Rios), foi esculpida por Gian Lorenzo Bernini entre 1648 e 1651, artista do barroco italiano, foi concebida por uma ordem do Papa Inocencio X o Papa da familia Pamphili, cujo tinha sua casa nesta praça.
Esta localizada na Praça de Navona, em Roma. Ela representa os quatro principais continentes do mundo cortados por seus principais rios: Rio Nilo, na África; Rio Ganges, na Ásia, Rio da Prata, na América e o Rio Danúbio, na Europa.
A seguir, texto em português do site Wiki lingue:
A escultura da Fonte dos Quatro Rios, encontra-se na Piazza Navona de Roma (Itália) e foi criada e talhada pelo escultor e pintor Gian Lorenzo Bernini em 1651 baixo o papado de Inocencio X, em plena época barroca, durante o período mais prolífico do genial artista e cerca da que em outro tempo fué a Chiesa dei San Giacomo de gli Spagnoli
A fonte compõe-se de uma base formada de uma grande piscina elíptica, coroada em seu centro de uma grande mole de mármol, sobre a qual se eleva um obelisco egípcio de época romana, o obelisco de Domiciano .
As estátuas que compõem a fonte, têm umas dimensões maiores que na realidade e são alegorias dos quatro rios principais da Terra (Nilo, Ganges, Danubio, Rio da Prata), a cada um deles em um dos continentes conhecidos na época. Na fonte a cada um destes rios está representado por um gigante de mármol .
As árvores e as plantas que emergem da água e que se encontram entre as rochas, também estão em uma escala maior que na realidade. Os animais e vegetales, gerados de uma natureza boa e útil, pertencem a espécies grandes e potentes (como o leão, cavalo, cocodrilo, serpente, dragão, etc.). O espectador, girando em torno da fonte, descobre novas formas que dantes estavam escondidas ou cobertas pela massa rocosa. Com esta obra, Bernini quer suscitar admiração em quem olha-a, criando um pequeno universo em movimento a imitação do espaço da realidade natural.
A fonte foi submetida a restauração, um trabalho que se deu por concluído em dezembro de 2008. Constitui um dos palcos finque da novela e o filme Anjos e Demónios, à qual é arrojado um dos cardeais sequestrados, e Robert Langdon (Tom Hanks) se lança à água para lhe salvar.
Os animais da fonte
A fonte apresenta figuras de sete animais, além de uma pequena pomba e o emblema dos Pamphili. Para poder observá-las basta com dar uma volta ao redor da fonte. As figuras são: um cavalo, uma serpente de terra (na parte mais alta, cerca do obelisco), uma serpente de mar, um delfín (que funciona também como desagüe), um cocodrilo, um leão e um dragão. Notar também a vegetación esculpida que parece real.
Praça Navona.
A seguir, um texto em português, da Wikipédia a Enciclopédia livre:
A Praça Navona (em italiano: Piazza Navona) é uma das mais célebres praças de Roma. A sua forma assemelha-se à dos antigos estádios da Roma Antiga, seguindo a planificação do Estádio de Domiciano (também denominado entre os italianos de Campomarzio, em virtude da natureza rude e esforçada dos exercícios - manejo de armas - e desportos atléticos que aí se realizavam). Albergaria até 20 mil espectadores sentados nas bancadas. A origem do nome deve-se ao nome pomposo que lhe foi dado ao tempo do Imperador Domiciano (imperador entre 81-96 d.c.): "Circo Agonístico" (do étimo grego Agonia, que significa precisamente - exercício, luta, combate). Actualmente o nome corresponde à corruptela da forma posterior in agone, depois nagone e finalmente navone, que por mero acaso significa também "grande navio" na língua italiana.
As casas que entretanto e com o passar dos anos foram sendo construídas sobre as bancadas, delimitariam e circunscreveriam até à actualidade o tão afamado Circo Agonístico.
A Navona passou de fato a caracterizar-se como praça nos últimos anos do século XV, quando o mercado da cidade foi transferido do Capitólio para aí. Foi remodelada para um estilo monumental por vontade do Papa Inocêncio X, da família Pamphili e é motivo de orgulho da cidade de Roma durante o período barroco. Sofreu intervenções de Gian Lorenzo Bernini (a famosa Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi (Fonte dos Quatro Rios, 1651) ao centro); de Francesco Borromini e Girolamo Gainaldi (a igreja de Sant'Agnese in Agone); e de Pietro de Cortona, que pintou a galeria no Palácio Pamphilj, sede da embaixada do Brasil na Itália desde 1920.
O mercado tradicional voltou a ser transferido em 1869 para o Campo de' Fiori, embora a praça mantenha também um papel fundamental em servir de palco para espectáculos de teatro e corridas de cavalos. A partir de 1652, em todos os Sábados e Domingos de Agosto, a praça tornava-se num lago para celebrar a própria família Pamphili.
A praça dispõe ainda duas outras fontes esculpidas por Giacomo della Porta - a Fontana di Nettuno (1574), na área norte da praça, e a Fontana del Moro (1576), na área sul.
Na extremidade norte da praça, por debaixo dos edifícios, foram postas a descoberto ruínas antiquíssimas, a uma cota muito abaixo da actual, comprovando a primeva utilização daquele imenso terreiro. Outros monumentos com entrada para a praça:
Stabilimenti Spagnoli
Palazzo de Cupis
Palazzo Torres Massimo Lancellotti
Church of Nostra Signora del Sacro Cuore
Curiosidades
Na Piazza Navona, está localizado o Palazzo Pamphilj, propriedade da República Federativa do Brasil, sede da Embaixada Brasileira e da Missão Diplomática do Brasil para a Itália.
This is a photo of the old abandoned Ludlow Cafe on Route 66 in Ludlow, California. The Ludlow Cafe served its last ice cream malt years ago.
The original photo was taken by Jonas Hansson, a very good Swedish friend of mine, on his trip with his father Hans in 2006 (via their vintage Volvo PV convertible) across the USA on Route 66. With Jonas' permission, I've been selecting some of my favorite photos of their road trip along the "Mother Road" and doing some post processing... enhancing, cropping, tone mapping, special effects, etc.
The original photo was not so great. I used Photoshop to crop and enhance the photo, and then my Photoshop filter "Fractalius" to turn it into a digital painting/drawing. This is one that looks much better when viewed large.
Below is a link to Hans and Jonas' blog about their historic trip:
hanssonroute66.blogspot.com/2006/07/information-in-englis...
LUDLOW, CALIFORNIA, THE TOWN THAT REFUSES TO DIE:
Today, Ludlow is a town that refuses to die. Ludlow is really three towns in one. It is a ghost town of two eras; the mining era and old Route 66. When Interstate 40 was built the Route 66 Ludlow died. Residents picked up and moved north another block to meet the Interstate. It is the Interstate that keeps Ludlow alive today.
Located along the railroad tracks of the 35th parallel, Ludlow became a water stop for the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad in 1882 (now the Santa Fe RR). The discovery of ore in the nearby hills assured the town of growth in the late 1880's. The decline of mining and rail traffic in the 1940's spelled Ludlow's decline. Ludlow is a ghost town of two eras; it was also a stop on old Route 66. When Interstate 40 was built Ludlow died a second time. Businesses moved once more to meet the demand of travelers on the new Interstate leaving another collection of highway memories baking in the intense Mojave heat.
During the heyday of Route 66 Ludlow was a welcome stop for the tired and thirsty traveler, a place to rest and get away from the heat of the Mojave Desert. This second more modern ghost town tells a tale of the glory days of Route 66 when travelers would stop for a bite to eat or get repairs on their cars. If they were heading west they knew that the next day they would be on the golden shores of the Pacific Ocean.
Much Better Viewed Large On Black
Living in Southern California has some real advantages, like visiting Laguna Beach. I took this photo from the outdoor patio of a fabulous restaurant there - what a view!
In this photo I used Photoshop filter Fractalius to enhance the original with a "painterly" effect. (The original photo is below in the comments section.)
INFORMATION ON LAGUNA BEACH, CALIFORNIA:
Laguna Beach includes 7 miles of coastline with some of Southern California most scenic beaches and coves you'll find along the Southern California coast. The best tide pools, diving opportunities, and best sunsets on this region of California coast are right in Laguna Beach. Home to mansions and quaint cottages that line bluffs above the sandy coves, for over 100 years, tourists have flocked to a little piece of paradise to scuba dive, to paint the colors of nature which seem more vibrant there and to enjoy natural beauty not seen elsewhere. Laguna Beach enjoys healthy tourism with over 3 million visitors each year. Note: These numbers do not factor in local day visitors within a close radius to Laguna Beach.
Laguna Beach holds the distinction of having one of the greatest number of localized beaches of any city on the California coast. The list includes the northern beaches of Irvine Cove, Crescent Bay, Shaw's Cove, Boat Canyon, Diver's Cove, Picnic Beach and Rockpile. Central Beaches include Main Beach, Sleepy Hollow, St. Ann's Street, Thalia Street, Oak Street, Brook's Street and Mountain Road Beach. Southern Laguna Beach (South Laguna Beach) beaches include Bluebird Canyon, Pearl Street, Wood's Cove, Moss Point, Rockledge, Victoria Beach and Treasure Island. Guarded by a premier force of lifeguards, Laguna Beaches are operated under the City of Laguna Beach Lifeguard Services. www.lblg.org
What's unique about the Laguna Beach beaches are their tourist and hotel friendly locations. With properties constructed on and near the beach before the California Coastal Commission regulations changed the building permit process, you'll see some spectacular hotel and resorts sitting on cliffs above the ocean in South Orange County. That's why tourists love visiting and staying overnight in Laguna Beach. You can park your car and walk down to the on location beach at many hotels, or walk downtown to the great shops, restaurants and art galleries. Of all the Orange County cities that range from San Clemente, Dana Point, Newport Beach, Huntington Beach, Seal Beach, Sunset Beach and Surfside, Laguna Beach offers the most beach hotel rooms directly on the sand without crossing Pacific Coast Highway. Montage, the newest resort property, is spectacular with its views, pools, lawns and beaches that are open to the public. You'll be hard pressed to find a more luxurious resort destination than Laguna Beach.
Laguna got its name long ago from the Ute-Azteca Indian word for lakes, Lagonas. Spaniards who arrived later called it Canada de las Lagunas (Canyon of the Lakes) and in 1904, the area became known as Laguna Beach.
Around the same time artist Norman St. Clair traveled from Los Angeles to capture the scenery on canvas. His artist friends were so impressed with his paintings and reports of a balmy year-round climate that they joined him. (He and his wife actually lived in Laguna off and on prior to 1912.) The plein-air artists who painted in the style of French impressionists, settled and by the late 1920’s, half of the residents were artists.
Following the artists came the Hollywood film makers who found Laguna to be every bit as appealing on the silver screen as it was painted on canvas. Many of Hollywood’s famous stars like Bette Davis, Mary Pickford, Judy Garland, Rudolph Valentino, Charlie Chaplin and Mickey Rooney maintained homes in Laguna Beach.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt and John Steinbeck also went to Laguna for inspiration and relaxation, frequenting landmarks like the White House and the Cabrillo Ballroom.
Laguna’s universal allure is best expressed on a famous gate built in 1935 (which still
stands on the corner of Forest and Park Avenues); it reads “This gate hangs well and
hinders none, refresh and rest, then travel on.”
Source: www.beachcalifornia.com/laguna.html
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Information Center
Laguna Beach Chamber of Commerce
357 Glenneyre
Laguna Beach, CA 92651
USA
Phone: (949) 494-1018
Fax: (949) 376-8916
Email: info@lagunabeachchamber.org
Sarrià - Barcelona (Spain).
ENGLISH
Sarrià-Sant Gervasi is one of the biggest districts of Barcelona, Spain, situated on the north-west of the city, surrounded by districts of Les Corts, Gràcia, Eixample i Horta-Guinardo, and by the villages of Sant Just, Sant Feliu, Molins de Rei and Sant Cugat. It is formed by the old villages of Sarrià (added to Barcelona in 1927), Vallvidrera (added to Sarrià in 1890), Santa Creu d'Olorda (added to Sarrià in 1916) and Sant Gervasi ("Saint Gervasius") de Cassoles (added to Barcelona in 1897). The first written document found about Sarrià dates from the year 987, and the origins of the village are a Roman colony. The old Monestir de Pedralbes belonged to the village of Sarrià and now it is the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza.
Today, Sarrià still retains a village atmosphere, even in the middle of Barcelona, with narrow streets and lovely houses. However, the expansion of the city threatens this small-town feel with the construction of big modern buildings in the place of small houses.
Part of the Collserola mountain belongs to the district, where the Tibidabo and the Observatori Fabra are, and is a popular place to promenade by bike or by foot, or to stop by the road to Sant Cugat with impressive views over the city.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarri%c3%a0-Sant_Gervasi
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CASTELLANO
El topónimo Sarrià proviene del nombre Sirriano, que aparece mencionado por primera vez el año 986. El origen de la municipalidad de Sarrià se puede situar hacia los siglos XIII-XIV. Al final del siglo XV la población de Sarrià ya era bastante significativa. El núcleo situado en torno a la iglesia y el existente en las masías de fuera de la villa formaban una sociedad rural que fundamentaba su economía en el rendimiento de la tierra. Con el tiempo, se fue transformando en una sociedad urbana de menestrales y artesanos que, con la proliferación de torres y chalets de veraneo (siglos XVI-XVII), adquirió una gran importancia.
A comienzo del siglo XX Sarrià se convirtió en uno de los núcleos más ricos y poblados del plan de Barcelona. A partir del 1850 Sarrià vivió principalmente de las actividades relacionadas con la construcción, y su población, hasta entonces formada por campesinos y artesanos, pasó a tener un núcleo de menestralía importante. En el último tercio del siglo XIX ya se planteó la agregación en Barcelona. Sarrià se opuso y fue, junto con Horta, el único municipio del plan que pudo evitarla el año 1897. En 1921 se reabrió el expediente de agregación, a petición del Ayuntamiento de Barcelona. Fue tramitado con una gran rapidez y, el mismo año, a pesar de la oposición de los habitantes, quedó agregado en la ciudad por real decreto, siendo el último pueblo del plan en incorporarse a Barcelona.
El Sarrià de hoy combina los rincones donde se puede rememorar con facilidad el antiguo pueblo rural, sobre todo por los alrededores de la calle Major de Sarrià, con las zonas modernas y las grandes vías de comunicaciones.
La iglesia de Sarrià, dedicada Sant Vicenç, ya fue citada en el año 980 y reedificada en 1379. En 1781 el maestro Josep Mas construyó el edifici actual de estilo neoclásico. La plaza de Sarrià, delante de la iglesia, fue el cementerio del pueblo hasta 1850.
En 1858 se comunicó el pueblo con Barcelona mediante el tren de Sarrià, actualmente una línea de los Ferrocarriles de la Generalitat.
Más info: ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarri%c3%a0_(Barcelona) (catalán), w3.bcn.es/V16/Home/V16HomeLinkPl/0,2861,1927797_1942194_2...
THANKS FOR LOOKING AND ENCOURAGEMENT FOR EXPLORE
Ok .........I bought us a genuine sassafras hiking stick for Kat for this reason........to spot the little critters ahead of us without walking thru the webs but not disturbing them either........not sure if many know what this are but here we call them "bannana spiders"..............needless to say they are huge but are supposed to be non poisoness.........this again one of the many beauties in the Big Thicket........have a great week my friends
This is the first of my shots from a recent trip to Western Australia's beautiful South West. I'm sure Steve would agree: it was a challenge shooting this beach -- the weather was off and on and the clouds were flying over at pace that really isn't suitable for stitching. Because of the incoming rain, we gave up early and started to head back, only to have the sun come out again and everything started to glow; so we turned around again and set up the tripods for round two.
We were lucky the tide didn't come in too quick, we managed to get back around the cliffs without getting too wet, though Steve's shoes did suffer quite a deep and smelly trip though the mud.
It was an awesome trip and it was well worth the hours in the car and getting soaked in the rain.
Canon 5D Mark II - 24-70 f/2.8L @ 24mm - 30 sec. f/8 ISO100 (8 Image Stitch)
en Biodiversidad virtual, y en Twiter y en Instagram como @proyectoagua
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Apenas un trazo alargado y en forma de arco, hacen un leve rasguño en las gotas. Dibujan así los finos contornos de esta alga aguja que en su navegar pausado va cosiendo el agua con tenues suturas sin dejar ni
rastro de una cicatriz. discretamente como pidiendo disculpas se esconde en el río calmado dentro de su delgadez.
Y es que a diferencia de otras algas hermanas de esta familia de los désmidos que parecen lucir orgullosas su cuerpo de estrella como Euastrum, Micrasterias o Staurastrum, etc. en aguas que son de cristal Closterium aciculare marca sobre el agua su raya tenue y profunda belleza arañando a cualquier masa de agua herida por la contaminación
Al igual que muchos otros désmidos Closterium aciculare presenta unas marcadas señas de identidad que no sólo se quedan en su apariencia, la gran superficie de su cuerpo la mantiene a flote con suma facilidad de tal manera que aún en zonas de corriente y oleaje siempre toma el sol en primera línea de agua. como alga fundamentalmente planctónica que es.
Pero quizá lo que más sorprenda de esta especie es algo que no se ve y que tiene que ver con su nutrición. Closterium aciculare es una especie que vive en medios eutrofizados y para poder vivir bien y reproducirse necesita amonio en el agua y no se conforma como sus hermanas con el simple nitrógeno, N2, lo necesita arropado con cuatro átomos de hidrógeno y tomarse así ese plato combinado del amonio, NH4 sin cuya presencia su vida no sería posible.
Closterium aciculare es esbelta y bastante especial, y mientras sus hermanas viven en aguas pobres en materia orgánica, ella requiere todo lo contrario y una buena ración de amonio. Pocas algas lo pueden metabolizar pero esta especie, a costa de su esbeltez lo consigue, devolviendo un agua limpia, haciendo así su suave cirugía reparadora.
Las fotografías de hoy, tomadas en vivo a 400 aumentos empleando las técnicas de contraste de interferencia y de fase, además de la de campo oscuro, proceden de una muestra tomada el 23 de marzo de 2023 por Ibone Martínez Zufiria, Alberto Ávila Pérez y Laura Fernandes desde
la Estación Biológica Internacional Duero-Douro a su paso por los Arribes del Duero entre las inmediaciones de Miranda do Douro y Torregamones (Zamora).
Best viewed on black:
bighugelabs.com/flickr/onblack.php?id=2397046805&size...
Congregation Ohab Zedek, or OZ, as it is fondly known, is more than just a synagogue. Under the leadership of Rabbi Allen Schwartz, the Shul is known for its open doors and big heart. OZ has broad ties with the surrounding Jewish community and its Upper West Side neighborhood as a whole. A random visitor could easily encounter an up and coming scholar from Israel, or members of the local fire station. It is an informal, comfortable, inclusive community.
OZ is a modern Orthodox congregation, but any individual is welcome, regardless of background or means. It is a Shul of interlocking communities--young families who find a relaxed setting on Shabbos morning to introduce their toddlers to services; singles, who famously crowd the steps on Friday night; and seniors, many of whom have been members of OZ for decades. It is home to those tentatively exploring Judaism as well as the most learned, who are stimulated by a broad array of lecturers and classes.
OZ is known for its wide range of Chesed activities, which include a long-time Bikur Cholim group that visits Mount Sinai Hospital each Shabbos and on holidays, as well as its members' regular visits to homebound seniors. Members also subsidize seats for those in need on Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur.
OZ has a proud history. The Shul was founded in 1873 on Avenue B and Houston Street on the Lower East Side as the First Hungarian Congregation Ohab Zedek. After a sojourn on West 116th Street in Harlem, the Congregation moved to its present location at 118 West 95th Street in 1926. Today, as part of a revitalized Upper West Side that has drawn an ever-expanding population of families and young adults, OZ is a vibrant and dynamic Jewish center for prayer, learning and social activities.
I recently returned from a trip to the state of Oregon, where I was treated to some of the most breathtaking landscapes you can imagine. We were very fortunate to have two experienced guides to take us into some of the most remote areas of the state. I brought home some of my best images to date, most of which would not have been possible without Jason and Maria to lead the way. I am indebted to them. On this particular outing they indulged my desire to capture the light of the setting sun on the west face of the mountain to the point that we arrived back at the car in near total darkness.
This was a hard earned image taken from near the top of Castle Dome in Castle Crags State Park, looking back into Oregon from just over the border in California. To get to this vantage point requires a 5-1/2 mile round trip hike with an elevation gain of 2,200 ft. to a total elevation of approx. 5,500 ft. This really tested my endurance, but it was worth every step.
I was tagged by Anna.Teresa, sooo:
1. I HATE gum and eggs; the mere smell of both make me want to gag. Lol.
2. I can drink milk with ANYTHING edible, seriously<3
3. I like the left side of my body (face and all) better than my right.
4. I used to have size 00 gauges, but then figured out they were completely pointless.
5. I have the best memory for the smallest, most random things.
6. I may not look it, but I'm Hispanic (Colombian and Puerto Rican) and speak/read/write fluent Spanish. My hips (don't lie) and curves are proof of my Latin blood.
7. Despite that, I'm actually quite petite; 5'2" and 105 lbs.
8. I have this super obsession with sunrises, sunsets, the sky in general, stars, and anything space-related. And Taylor Swift. Lol
9. 7 is my absolute favorite number. It's everywhereee, and in the Bible tons! Next is 11. I don't like even numbers at ALL.
10. I'm Christian; part of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints aka LDS aka Mormon (:
BTW- I am discontinuing my 365 project. I'm a little disappointed in myself because I feel as though I never commit to anything, but it really IS so hard some days to take and upload good shots when you're busy 24/7. I'll probably still upload almost every day, but I'd rather not have the 365 pressure.
Hilo de la Fotohistoria en Pullip .es: AFTER THE CONCERT (3 of 9): L and Near. Part 2 /
DESPUÉS DEL CONCIERTO (3 de 9): L y Near. Parte 2
(Read in order, this is: SHOT/FOTO 38 of 184) PAG: 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107,108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184.
FOTOSTORY: In English / En Español
L: I told you not to hurry... patience is your best ally.
Near: o_o
/
L: Ya te he dicho que no te precipitaras... la paciencia es tu mejor aliada.
Near: o_o
LINKS:
- Las FOTOHISTORIAS de Sheryl en el Foro de Pullips: Pullip .es
HBM!
Sorry I missed last week!
I was having computer problems (again).
But it's all straightened out now, and I should be good for a while *fingers crossed*
Anyways, This is one of the many benches around campus here.
I wasn't sure what my Bench Monday picture would be today, since I had an idea, but wasn't able to execute it.
But this worked out rather nicely I feel.
I hope you all had a great start to the week and a great rest of the week!
:D
my bench monday group (you should join!)
Oh The Places You'll Go! <New group! Check it out!
PLEASE KEEP PRAYING FOR MY FRIEND ANDREW! (He's doing so much better!! Thanks for all your prayers!)
I've travelled from Texas
To Old Loussianne
Through mountains and valleys and plains
Footsore and weary
I rested a while
On the banks of old Pontchartrain
The fairest young maiden
That I ever saw passed by when it started to rain
We both found a shelter
Beneath the same tree
On the banks of old Pontchartrain
I ventured a smile but she thought I was bold
I hastened to try and explain
Somehow I knew I would linger a while
On the banks of old Pontchartrain
We hid from the shower and hour or so
She asked me how long I'd remain
I told her I spend the rest of my days
On the banks of old Pontchartrain
As time drifted by we fell deeper in love
A love that would just bring her pain
I knew that one day I would leave her alone
On the banks of old Pontchartrain
I just couldn't tell her that I ran away
From a jail on the West Texas plain
I prayed in my heart I would never be found
To the banks of old Pontchartrain
Then one day a man put a hand on my arm
Said I must go west the same day
I said I couldn't without saying goodbye
On the banks of old Pontchartrain
Tonight I sit here alone in my cell
I know that she is waiting in vain
And hoping and praying someday to return
On the banks of old Pontchartrain
...............Hothouse Flowers
HDRI (3 exposures by three different HDRs)in Photomatix, Panorama in Photostitch, Polaroid-Filter (Alien Skin Exposure 2, Plug-In for PS), Unsharp Mask (overall 9 separate shots)
Info:
Exposures: 1/6 Sec.; 1/25 Sec.; 0.6 Sec.;
0.3 Sec.; 1/13 Sec.; 1.3 Sec.;
0.5 Sec.; 1/8 Sec.; 2 Sec.;
Aperture: f/3.5
ISO-Speed: 100
Focal Length: 18mm
Baggara streek (= nomaden)
We rijden dwars door een savanne - gebied waar veel nomaden doortrekken met hun grote kudden runderen en geiten.
Het zijn de Fulani - nomaden die het Nuba-gebied doortrekken. Ze komen van west Soedan en trekken in de richting van de Witte Nijl naar het oosten.
De vrouwen en kinderen zitten hoog bovenop de kamelen, waarop ze dikwijls een bed hebben gemonteerd. Van daaruit hebben ze tevens een goed uitzicht hoog boven het hoge gras. Soms volgen nog wat volgeladen karren met etenswaren en vooral met veel water. Die karretjes worden dan getrokken door ezels.
uit:
Fula or Fulani are an ethnic group of people spread over many countries, predominantly in West Africa, but found also in Central Africa and Sudanese North Africa, and as far as Sudan in the east. Fulas are not a majority in every country they live, but in Guinea they represent a plurality of the population (largest single group).
zie ook:
Large, 45 mm high, long-dead, eroded specimen with imbricate (flounced) growth lines surviving in grooves between spiral cords; magnified X4 in inset.
Cast up from offshore onto storm beach strandline, Kirkcudbright, S.W. Scotland, July 1968.
Full SPECIES DESCRIPTION BELOW
PDF avaialable at www.researchgate.net/publication/369537725_Ocenebra_erina...
Sets of OTHER SPECIES at: www.flickr.com/photos/56388191@N08/collections/
Ocenebra erinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758).
Synonyms: Murex erinaceus Linnaeus, 1758; Ocenebra erinacea [misspelling in Graham, 1988]; 45 unaccepted subspecies and varieties listed on WoRMS.
Current taxonomy: World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)
www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140405
Vernacular: European sting winkle, European oyster drill (English); Gwichiad coliog (Welsh); Stekelhoren, Geschubde stekelhoren (Dutch); Großes Seekälbchen, Gerippte Purpurschnecke, Gerippte Felsschnecke, Austernbohrer (German); Cormaillot (French); Ψευτόστρομπος (Greek).
GLOSSARY below.
Shell description.
The matt, opaque, solid shell grows sublittorally to 50 mm high and 25 mm wide (Fretter & Graham, 1985) fig. 01 flic.kr/p/2op3qCC, but most intertidal specimens are less than 30 mm high fig. 02 flic.kr/p/2op6v13 . The body-whorl is about 75% of the shell’s height. Those in the Mediterranean are larger (Jeffreys, 1867), occasionally up to 65 mm high (Pers. comm. Jakov Prkić, 18 March 2023), are generally more colourful and ornate fig. 03 flic.kr/p/2op3Kef & fig. 04 flic.kr/p/2op6tN8 and there are some differences in body features. The differences may be geographical variation, but it would be helpful if differing specimens could be molecularly sequenced.
Each of the tumid whorls has an angled shoulder and eight or nine widely spaced, strong costal ribs which are crossed by two major, rounded spiral cords on the spire whorls and by eight or nine on the body-whorl fig. 05 flic.kr/p/2op6th8 ; minor cords are also present. There are low knobs where the cords and costal ribs intersect. Numerous flounced growth lines cross the spiral cords and grooves and give the whole shell an imbricate appearance fig. 06 flic.kr/p/2op6t35 & fig. 07 flic.kr/p/2op8Aq1 unless eroded, when they survive longest in the grooves fig. 01 flic.kr/p/2op3qCC . On adults the most recently formed costal rib acts as a labial varix which thickens the palatal lip of the aperture fig. 05 flic.kr/p/2op6th8 unless there has been recent new growth fig. 06 flic.kr/p/2op6t35 . The sutures between the whorls are deep and sinuous. The sculpture becomes more pronounced with age. The shell exterior is yellowish white fig. 05 flic.kr/p/2op6th8 with varying amounts of brown which may create bands associated with the spiral cords or costal ribs fig. 08 flic.kr/p/2op6sCH . The protoconch, lacking obvious sculpture, has about two and a half tumid, smooth whorls about 1 mm in diameter fig. 02 flic.kr/p/2op6v13 which, when not eroded, form a sharp apical point.
The height of the aperture is about 60% of the shell height fig. 02 flic.kr/p/2op6v13 . It is approximately ‘P’ shaped with the nearly straight inner lip (parietal and columellar) and long siphonal canal forming the upright, and the palatal lip forming the curve. On young shells the canal is open fig. 02 flic.kr/p/2op6v13 . Later the columellar lip expands over the canal to roof it fig. 08 flic.kr/p/2op6sCH to a greater or lesser degree. All lips are pure white and the parietal lip tends to spread onto the adjacent body-whorl. The palatal lip may consist of the labial varix or a thin, finely folded lip projecting a minimal fig. 05 flic.kr/p/2op6th8 or moderate fig. 06 flic.kr/p/2op6t35 distance beyond the varix, depending on recent growth and erosion. It meets the parietal lip at about 90°. On mature shells, the palatal lip often has interior protrusions which correlate with the spiral grooves of the exterior fig. 09 flic.kr/p/2op8Yue . The interior of the aperture is smooth and glossy white.
The operculum fig. 10 flic.kr/p/2op7LKL has a fairly straight columellar-parietal edge. Its palatal edge is curved except for a straight basal section which, with the columellar-parietal edge, forms a wedge which fits into the siphonal canal. Centrally, it is dark reddish brown, but a wide peripheral zone is translucent yellowish fig. 11 flic.kr/p/2op6rLh .The outer face, made of conchiolin produced by the opercular groove, has a marginal nucleus with many fine, surrounding, concentric growth lines. The inner face has a non-marginal, excentric nucleus surrounded by broad, concentric, bands of adventitious conchiolin produced by a ring of gland cells in the opercular disc fig. 10 flic.kr/p/2op7LKL . Both interior bands and exterior growth lines are visible through the translucent operculum when viewed against a backlit white background; the patterns cross each other fig. 11 flic.kr/p/2op6rLh . The inner face has an area of rougher texture where the columellar muscle attaches to it. The edge of the attachment area is visible as a curved line unaligned with either growth lines or adventitious bands. Apart from the rough muscle-attachment, the inner face of operculum has a shiny varnished surface fig. 10 flic.kr/p/2op7LKL . The operculum is flexible so it can fit the aperture tightly behind the interior protrusions, if any, of the palatal lip fig. 09 flic.kr/p/2op8Yue or bend round the body fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2op8XAa .
Body description
The flesh is translucent white or yellowish white with many opaque white blotches, and yellow, sometimes saffron (Jeffreys, 1867), distally on the cephalic tentacles fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2op8XAa & fig. 13 flic.kr/p/2op8XsQ , but the yellow may not be developed on small juveniles fig. 07 flic.kr/p/2op8Aq1 and juveniles less than 5 mm high in the Adriatic may have grey and black bodies fig. 37 flic.kr/p/2opNWxW . Dark viscera are visible in parts of the body rarely extended into view fig. 14 flic.kr/p/2op7KP7 .
The small dorsoventrally flattened head consists of two diverging cephalic tentacles with thick bases tapering about two thirds of their length to an eye fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2op8XAa & fig. 14 flic.kr/p/2op7KP7 beyond which they are slender. Ventrally there is an opening slit (rhynchostome) fig. 15 flic.kr/p/2op8WGX for eversion of the pleurembolic feeding proboscis which can extend greatly; there is no permanently external snout. The radula, buccal mass and true mouth are in the distal end of the proboscis fig. 14 flic.kr/p/2op7KP7 when extended. The short rachiglossan radula has in each row of three colourless, transparent teeth a wide, central, rachidian tooth with many small cusps (points) flanked on either side by a longer marginal tooth. The cusps on the anterior rows are usually worn down by boring into the shells of prey.
The translucent yellowish white mantle roofs the mantle cavity fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2op8XAa and a folded portion fig. 14 flic.kr/p/2op7KP7 extends as a respiratory siphon through, but rarely beyond, the siphonal canal of the shell fig. 17 flic.kr/p/2op6qtC . The mantle covers the body but is translucent enough to reveal the organs when the animal is removed from the shell fig. 22 flic.kr/p/2op8VfZ . The edge of the mantle is thickened, more yellowish and less translucent fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2op8XAa .
The short, broad foot is about 33% the length of the shell fig. 18 flic.kr/p/2op6qhA . When fully spread it is widest at the anterior fig. 19 flic.kr/p/2op7JJm but it can vary to circular fig. 20 flic.kr/p/2op3Ek2 . There are no distinct propodial tentacles, but the agile foot can fold readily and bring the sides and flexible front corners together fig. 17 flic.kr/p/2op6qtC to manipulate prey or, in the case of females, manoeuvre egg capsules. The opening to the inverted accessory boring organ is on the medial fold line of the sole a short distance from the anterior. It is difficult to detect except when the sucker-like boring organ is everted to hold and to soften the shell of the prey for boring by the radula. A little further posterior than the boring gland on females there is an opening to the ventral pedal gland into which the foot inserts each newly laid egg capsule for final shaping and subsequent fixing to the substrate.
Dorsally the foot is coloured as the body but the yellowish white sole lacks opaque white marks except where those on the dorsum show through the thin periphery fig. 20 flic.kr/p/2op3Ek2
Behind the right tentacle, males have a large, white penis fig. 21 flic.kr/p/2op6pqL .
Removal of the shell fig. 22 flic.kr/p/2op8VfZ & fig. 23 flic.kr/p/2op8wre will show a large, yellowish, pinnate ctenidium and a smaller, pinnate, red-brown osphradium resembling a ctenidium in structure. The following organs may be visible through the translucent mantle: the greenish hypobranchial gland, rectum, black rectal gland, heart, kidney and the visceral lump containing the digestive gland and, in the breeding season, the ovary or testes.
Key identification features
Ocenebra erinaceus
1. Maximum height 50 mm, width 25 mm (W/H 50%) fig. 01https://flic.kr/p/2op3qCC . Littoral specimens usually to 30 mm high.
2. 8 to 9 costal ribs. Numerous imbricate growth lines fig. 06 flic.kr/p/2op6t35 .
3. Most recently formed costal rib forms a labial varix on or near palatal lip fig. 05 flic.kr/p/2op6th8 .
4. Two major spiral cords on the spire whorls and 8 to 9 on the body-whorl fig. 05 flic.kr/p/2op6th8 . Minor cords are also present.
5. Shell yellowish white with pure white aperture lips and siphonal canal. Open fig. 02 flic.kr/p/2op6v13 or closed fig. 08 flic.kr/p/2op6sCH siphonal canal often slightly longer than the aperture above it.
6. Cephalic tentacles translucent white with opaque white marks and yellow distally fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2op8XAa , but small juveniles may lack the yellow fig. 13 flic.kr/p/2op8XsQ .
7. Egg capsules 6 to 13 mm high. Shaped like a hot water bottle with sloping shoulders. Sometimes have a raised rib giving triangular cross section. Narrow aperture on a short neck has a small protruding plug. Whitish turning to yellow or purple with age fig. 24 flic.kr/p/2op6oKN .
8. Norway to Morocco and Mediterranean. Lives on rocky substrate all round Britain except east Scotland. Lower shore and sublittoral. Does not live in the Baltic or on continental coasts of the North Sea; multiple records of it at
waarneming.nl/species/20959/maps/?start_date=2000-08-29&a...
are fossils in sand dumped to replenish Dutch beaches (Han Raven, pers. comm. 14 March 2023).
Similar species
Shells have intraspecific variations with interspecific overlap, and features may be eroded or indiscernible on images, so use of more than one feature is advisable for reliable identification.
Ocinebrellus inornatus (Récluz, 1851)
O. inornatus “is very similar to Ocenebra erinaceus and is very difficult to distinguish due to the morphological variability of both” (Trigo et al. 2018). First arrivals of this invasive species are frequently mistaken for O. erinaceus. Large unworn adult shells of O. inornatus show the most distinct sculptural features. The form of egg capsules and colour of tentacle tips are diagnostic in north-west Europe.
1. Maximum height 63 mm (fig. 27 flic.kr/p/2op7GK1 ).
2. Usually 8 to 9, occasionally 4 to 12 costal ribs (Amano & Vermeij 1998 in Goud et al. 2008) on body-whorl. They are more prominent and angulated at the shoulder giving a more pronounced turreted effect than on Ocenebra erinaceus fig. 25 flic.kr/p/2op8vQj . No imbricate growth lines are visible in images of O. inornatus available for this account fig. 26 flic.kr/p/2op7GSA .
3. On large mature specimens the ribs on the body-whorl may be blade-like with the final one flaring out widely from the lip, level with the substrate fig. 27 flic.kr/p/2op7GK1 . But the more frequent smaller specimens have costal ribs and a labial varix like those on O. erinaceus fig. 25 flic.kr/p/2op8vQj .
4. 4 to 7 spiral cords on the body-whorl (Lützen et al, 2011).
5. Shell white with varying amounts and shades of brown. Aperture lips and siphonal canal white are sometimes whitish and brownish in parts. Siphonal canal is often slightly shorter than aperture above it.
6.Cephalic tentacles distally pure white without any yellow beyond the eye fig. 26 flic.kr/p/2op7GSA & fig. 28 flic.kr/p/2op3CD1 but some may be white faintly tinted brownish or pinkish proximally below the eye fig. 29 flic.kr/p/2op7Grf .
7. Egg capsules 15 to 20 mm high. Shaped like a kite with rounded lateral corners and a face strongly flexed so its two wings bend towards each other. Its tall neck tapers to a narrow aperture. Initially whitish turning yellow with age fig. 24 flic.kr/p/2op6oKN .
8. China, Korea, Japan and Sakhalin Island. Preys on Magallana gigas and has been accidentally translocated with commercial shipments of M. gigas to Pacific coasts of North America and to Europe from Iberia to Denmark. Locally common and a pest on oyster beds Not yet recorded in Britain (pers. comm. S. Taylor, Marine Recorder of Conchological Soc. G.B. & Ireland,15 March 2023) but because of difficulty in differentiating it from Ocenebra erinaceus it might be present unrecognised.
Ocinebrina aciculata (Lamarck, 1822)
1. Usual maximum height 15 mm and width 10 mm.
2. Eight to ten broad costal ribs on body-whorl. Slightly imbricate growth lines raised at irregular intervals, but not as prominently as on Ocenebra erinaceus.
3. Thin, crenulate palatal (outer) lip has no labial varix fig. 30 flic.kr/p/2op8TJc .
4. 18 to 20 spiral ridges on the body-whorl.
5. Shell dark brown fig. 30 flic.kr/p/2op8TJc , may show red of body within when well lit in water fig. 31https://flic.kr/p/2op7G27 . Dead worn shells are paler. Sigmoid, pearlescent white, parietal-columellar (inner) lip fig. 30 flic.kr/p/2op8TJc does not extend onto body-whorl. Siphonal canal open and orange-buff, when young, closed when older.
6. Cephalic tentacles and whole body intense red flecked with yellowish white spots fig. 31 flic.kr/p/2op7G27 . Tips of tentacles and siphon paler.
7. Egg capsules barrel shaped (Wigham & Graham, 2018).
8. Found often in proximity of Perforatus perforatus (Cirripedia) from the Mediterranean to Bretagne, Scilly Isles and south-west England.
Urosalpinx cinerea (Say, 1822). fig. 32 flic.kr/p/2op6ngR
1. Maximum height 40 mm, width 20 mm.
2. 10 to 12 low, sometimes inconspicuous, costal ribs on final whorl.
3. Thin, crenulate palatal (outer) lip thickens and develops internal ribs with age. No labial varix.
4. 16 to 18 spiral ridges on the body-whorl, eroded where they cross the costae, so no protruding nodules. Sometimes spiral ridges more prominent than costae.
5. Shell yellowish or grey with brownish white aperture lips and siphonal canal. Open siphonal canal half the length of the aperture above it.
6. Flesh is cream with dark marks on tentacles and mantle edge.
7. Egg capsules about 5 mm high. Flattened oval attached to substrate with a thin stem. Wide, slightly everted aperture has recessed plug. Buff or yellowish fig. 24 flic.kr/p/2op6oKN
8. Nova Scotia to Florida. Introduced from America with commercial Magallana gigas to south-east England and the Netherlands. Lower shore and sublittoral to 15 m.
Nucella lapillus (Linnaeus, 1758)
1. Usual maximum height 45 mm, to 65 mm sublittorally.
2. No costal ribs. Numerous imbricate growth lines on small juveniles occasionally persist on adults fig. 33 flic.kr/p/2op8SiB .
3. No labial varix. Lip thin when young, thickened when full grown.
4. Shell often worn smooth fig. 34 flic.kr/p/2op3AEX but some have about 2 spiral bands on the spire whorls and about 10 on the body-whorl fig. 35 flic.kr/p/2op6kjQ .
5. Shell usually whitish; sometimes yellowish, and bands of various colours may occur fig. 34 flic.kr/p/2op3AEX . Aperture lips and siphonal canal usually white but can have patches of other colour.
6. Body and cephalic tentacles pure white fig. 34 flic.kr/p/2op3AEX .
7. Egg capsules are spindle shaped, up to 10 mm high and 4 mm wide, on a short thin stalk. Yellowish white becoming yellow or sometimes purple or brownish with age fig. 24 flic.kr/p/2op6oKN .
8. White Sea to Gibraltar, not Baltic (low salinity), and Greenland to New York. Common on hard substrate all around Ireland and Britain, avoiding low salinity of inner estuaries.
Habits and ecology
O. erinaceus lives on rocky shores at LWST and sublittorally to 150 m on stony substrate.
It feeds on bivalves, barnacles and tube dwelling worms, boring holes through their shells to rasp out the flesh with its radula. It takes about ten days to bore into and consume an oyster with its everted proboscis fig. 16 flic.kr/p/2op8y3A .
The strong shell affords protection against predators. When active, little of the animal protrudes beyond its shelter fig. 18 flic.kr/p/2op6qhA and the operculum protects nearly half of the foot. In Croatia those in shallow water are often covered with algae which conceal them fig. 36 flic.kr/p/2op3zyP . When sealed, the long siphonal canal protects the siphon so it can remain safely extended for respiration when the animal is retracted into the shell fig. 09 flic.kr/p/2op8Yue .
Inhalant water entering through the respiratory siphon has its quality checked by the pectinate osphradium at the inner end of the siphon before passing through the larger pectinate ctenidium fig. 22 flic.kr/p/2op8VfZ & fig. 23 flic.kr/p/2op8wre .
O. erinaceus breeds in late April and May in Britain. The male fertilizes the female internally with its long penis. Egg capsules from the oviduct are manoeuvred one at a time by the female’s flexible foot into the ventral pedal gland where they are moulded before being fixed to rock or shells. Several capsules are laid close together, and females often lay in company. The egg capsules are 6 to 13 mm high, and are shaped like a hot water bottle with sloping shoulders. Sometimes a raised rib creates a triangular cross section. The narrow aperture is on a short neck and has a protruding plug. The capsules are initially whitish turning to yellow or purple with age fig. 24 flic.kr/p/2op6oKN . After nine or ten weeks, most of the young emerge from the capsule as crawling juveniles, but about 14% emerge as late veliger, swimming larvae with a well developed four-lobed velum and a foot. They lose the velum within five days (Wigham & Graham, 2018).
Like Nucella lapillus, females in the vicinity of boats treated with Tributyltin (TBT), an anti-fouling biocide, experience imposex, the malformation of the oviduct causing sterility. Near Plymouth and Falmouth docks, England, about 90% of female O. erinaceus were so affected in studies from 1991 to 1995 (Gibbs, 1996). Even so, the reproductive failure was less than that experienced by N. lapillus perhaps because of arrival of swimming late veligers, which N. lapillus lacks, from less affected areas.
Distribution and status
O. erinaceus occurs from the Azores and the Mediterranean to its winter-cold induced limits in northern France and south-east Scotland. It does not live in the Baltic or on continental coasts of the North Sea; multiple records of it at
waarneming.nl/species/20959/maps/?start_date=2000-08-29&a...
are fossils in sand dumped to replenish Dutch beaches (Han Raven, pers. comm. 14 March 2023) and probably some misidentified Ocinebrellus inornatus. These misleading records have transferred to GBIF at www.gbif.org/species/4364689 . Because of the mild Atlantic drift in winter, it extends up the west coast of Ireland and Britain to Orkney and Shetland. The U.K. distribution map at species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0021055838 probably shows the true position (accessed March 2023), but there, too, fossils are present in pleistocene glacial drift (Forbes & Hanley, 1853) from which they may be washed out onto beaches.
In the past, the limits have shifted. During the exceptionally severe winters 1928 - 1929 and 1962 - 1963, the population along the British North Sea coast was almost annihilated (Lützen et al., 2011). With global warming it is possible that it may spread north of its current limits, but recording of any change should be based on live specimens as the solid shells persist for long periods after death.
Acknowledgements
For use of images I thank Philippe Boissel, Pierre Corbrion, Valentin Engelbos, Marion Haarsma, Gabriel Paladino Ibáñez, Kaila Wheatley Kornblum, Michal Maňas, Alen Petani, Jakov Prkić, Malcolm Storey, Simon Taylor, Freek Titselaar, Albert van den Bruele, Daniëlla van Dijk and Stefan Verheyen. For helpful discussion and information I thank Han Raven and Stefan Verheyen.
Links and references
Forbes, E. & Hanley S. 1849-53. A history of the British mollusca and their shells. vol. 3 (1853), London, van Voorst. (As Murex erinaceus)
archive.org/details/historyofbritish03forbe/page/370/mode...
Fretter, V. 1941 The genital ducts of some British stenoglossan prosobranchs J. Mar. Biol. Ass. 25(1): 173-211.
plymsea.ac.uk/id/eprint/1194/1/The_genital_ducts_of_some_...
Fretter, V. and Graham, A. 1962. British prosobranch molluscs: their functional anatomy and ecology. London, Ray Society.
Fretter, V. and Graham, A. 1985. The prosobranch molluscs of Britain and Denmark. Part 8 – Neogastropoda. Suppl. 15, J. Moll. Stud.
Gibbs, P.E. 1996. Oviduct malformation as a sterilising effect of tributyltin (TBT)-induced imposex in Ocenebra erinacea (Gastropoda: Muricidae). J. Moll. Stud., 62 (4): 403 to 413. academic.oup.com/mollus/article/62/4/403/1053911 (open access).
Goud, J., Titselaar, F. & Mulder, G. 2008. Weer een ‘verstekeling’: de Japanse Stekelhoren Ocinebrellus inornatus (Récluz, 1851) (Gastropoda, Muricidae) levend aangetroffen in de Oosterschelde. Spirula 365: 132 to 134. natuurtijdschriften.nl/pub/1002492
Graham, A. 1988. Molluscs: prosobranch and pyramidellid gastropods. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) no.2 (Second edition). Leiden, E.J.Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys. 662 pages.
Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (eds.) 1995. Handbook of the marine fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford University Press.
Jeffreys, J.G. 1862-69. British conchology. vol. 4 (1867). London, van Voorst. (As Murex erinaceus) archive.org/details/britishconcholog04jeffr/page/306/mode...
Lützen J., Faasse, M., Gittenberger, A., Glenner, H. and Hoffmann, E. 2011. The Japanese oyster drill Ocinebrellus inornatus (Récluz, 1851) (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Muricidae), introduced to the Limfjord, Denmark. Aquatic Invasions 7(2): 181–191.
www.aquaticinvasions.net/2012/AI_2012_2_Lutzen_etal.pdf
McKay, D.W. & Smith, S.M. 1979. Marine Mollusca of East Scotland. Edinburgh, Royal Scottish Museum.
Oehlmann, J., Fioroni, P., Stroben, E. and Markert, B. 1996. Tributyltin (TBT) effects on Ocinebrina aciculata (Gastropoda: Muricidae): imposex development, sterilization, sex change and population decline. Sci. Total Environ. 188: 205-223
www.bio.uni-frankfurt.de/55030905/Oehlmann-et-al-1996-STO...
Trigo, J.E.; Diaz Agras, G.J.; Garcia Alvarez, O.L.; Guerra, A.; Moreira, J.; Pérez, J.; Rolán, E.; Troncoso, J.S,; Urgorri, V.. 2018. Guia de los Moluscos Marinos de Galicia. Servicio de Publicacións da Universidade de Vigo.
Wigham, G.D. & Graham, A. 2018. Marine gastropods 3: Neogastropoda. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) no.62. (206 pages). Field Studies Council,Telford, England.
Glossary
acrembolic = (of proboscis) entirely invertible/eversible like finger of glove.
adventitious = in an unusual anatomical position.
aperture = mouth of gastropod shell; outlet for head and foot.
buccal mass = anterior of digestive system including a radula, odontophore and muscles.
cephalic = (adj.) of or on the head.
cf. = (abbreviation of Latin ‘confer’) compare with.
cilia = (pl.) vibrating linear extensions of membrane used in locomotion.
coll. = (or “in coll.”, abbreviation of “in collectionem”) in the collection of (cf. leg.).
columella = axis of gastropod shell spiral, exposed on final whorl by aperture.
columellar = (adj.) of or near central axis of spiral gastropod.
columellar lip = lower (abapical) part of inner lip of aperture.
conchiolin = horny flexible protein which forms the operculum of most marine gastropods, the periostracum and a matrix for the deposition of calcium carbonate to create a mollusc’s shell. Chemical structure C30H48O11N3; ‘chitinous’ as it resembles, though not identical to, chitin (C8H13O5N)n.
costa = (pl. costae) axial rib crossing shell whorl at about right-angles to any spiral striae.
costal = (adj.) of, or arranged like, costae.
ctenidium = comb-like molluscan gill with filaments either side of a rachis .
cusp = raised point or prominence on crown of a tooth.
digestive gland = organ which acts like the liver and pancreas in mammals to absorb food.
distal = away from centre of body or from point of attachment.
dorsoventrally flattened = as if pressed flat from above.
efferent = (adj. of vessel) carrying haemolymph away from an organ.
efferent branchial vessel = vessel along rachis of ctenidium which carries oxygenated haemolymph away from the ctenidium to the heart for circulation to organs.
ELWST = extreme low water spring tide (usually near March and September equinoxes).
everted = turned inside out from the body.
height = (abbreviation H.) distance from apex of shell to base of aperture.
hypobranchial gland = gland which secretes mucus to trap and consolidate particles from inhalant water. Probably other biologically active compounds produced. On contact with air and light, mucus changes from greenish through red to purple.
imbricate = arranged to overlap like roof tiles.
inverted = turned outside in like a sock.
labial varix = especially strong or broad costa (rib) near edge of outer lip of aperture.
leg. = (abbreviation of legit) collected/ found by (cf. coll.)
LWST = low water spring tide, two periods of a few days each month when tide falls lowest.
mantle = sheet of tissue that secretes shell and forms a cavity for the gill in most marine molluscs. mantle edge = only part that produces exterior layers of shell. When flounced, it makes protruding shell-growth that forms imbricate sculpture.
odontophore = tongue-like structure of cartilage supporting radula.
opercular = (adj.) of the operculum.
operculum = plate of horny conchiolin, rarely calcareous, used to close shell aperture.
osphradium = organ for testing inhalant water for particles and/or chemicals produced by pollutants, prey or predators.
parietal lip = upper part of inner side of gastropod aperture.
periostracum = thin horny layer of chitinous material often coating shells.
pers. comm. = personal communication by face-to-face conversation, telephone, letter or email.
pleurembolic proboscis = basal part (only) of proboscis inverts to form a sac for rest of proboscis to be retracted into without inversion. (cf. acrembolic).
proboscis = internal feeding tube, containing the buccal mass with radula; only extended when feeding.
protoconch = apical whorls produced during embryonic and larval stages; different in form from other whorls forming teleoconch.
proximal = towards the centre of the body or point of attachment.
rachidian = (adj.) median/middle tooth in each row of teeth on radula.
rachiglossan = (adj.) of radula with a many-cusped, rachidian tooth, and single marginal tooth at each side.
rachis = central shaft/main axis of a feather or gill plume.
radula = chitinous ribbon of teeth; extended on odontophore to rasp food.
rectal gland = black or brown diverticulum of the rectum lying over it. Found in O. erinaceus and other Neogastropoda. Its function is unknown.
velum = bilobed flap on veliger larva, with beating cilia for swimming.
rhynchostome = opening on ventral surface of head for eversion of a proboscis.
sigmoid = curved in two directions like letter ‘S’ but often with shallower curvature.
suture = groove or line where whorls of gastropod shell adjoin.
teleoconch = entire gastropod shell, apart from apical protoconch.
tumid = bulging, distended, swollen, distinctly convex.
tumidity = the condition of being tumid.
varix = (see labial)
veliger = shelled larva of marine mollusc; swims by waving cilia on velum (bilobed flap).
The show must go on, even without its actor who comes back into the shadow of his rooms, that so much have told of invisible worlds, past and present lives, poetry, melancholy, joy, visions…
Thanks to the audience of this small theatre, if we can consider this way this world called “flickr”, and let the show go on…
See you soon...
--------
Lo spettacolo deve continuare, anche senza il suo attore che se ne torna nell' ombra dei suoi ambienti, che tanto hanno raccontato di mondi invisibili, di vite passate, di vite presenti, di poesia, di malinconie, di gioie e di visioni...
Un grazie alla platea, riunita in questo piccolo teatro, se possiamo considerarlo cosi questo mondo chiamato flickr, e che lo spettacolo continui...
A presto...
Empty spaces - what are we living for
Abandoned places - I guess we know the score
On and on, does anybody know what we are looking for...
Another hero, another mindless crime
Behind the curtain, in the pantomime
Hold the line, does anybody want to take it anymore
The show must go on,
The show must go on
Inside my heart is breaking
My make-up may be flaking
But my smile still stays on.
Whatever happens, Ill leave it all to chance
Another heartache, another failed romance
On and on, does anybody know what we are living for?
I guess Im learning, I must be warmer now
Ill soon be turning, round the corner now
Outside the dawn is breaking
But inside in the dark Im aching to be free
The show must go on
The show must go on
Inside my heart is breaking
My make-up may be flaking
But my smile still stays on
My soul is painted like the wings of butterflies
Fairytales of yesterday will grow but never die
I can fly - my friends
The show must go on
The show must go on....
Nikon F801s
Neopan 1600
I wish we had beautiful blue skies here too... this shot would've looked so awesome then.
Processed using Adobe Photoshop CS4.
Hilo de la Fotohistoria en Pullip .es: ODETTE ARRIVES /
LA LLEGADA DE ODETTE
(Read in order, this is: SHOT/FOTO 06 of 17) PAG: 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17.
FOTOSTORY: In English / En Español
L: Yes, Odette just came from Wammy's House. I guess they want me to enhance both of you just in case it happens the worst... ^_^u
Odette: This is not gonna happen! You won't die while I'm here!
Near: ...Okay ¬¬ Anyway, she plays her toys and I'll play mine ¬¬
/
L: Si, Odette acaba de llegar del Wammy's House. Por lo visto quieren que os prepare a los dos por si pasara lo inevitable... ^_^u
Odette: Eso no va a pasar! Tu no morirás mientras yo esté aquí!
Near: … vale. ¬¬ Pero ella sus juguetes y yo los míos. ¬¬
LINKS:
- Las FOTOHISTORIAS de Sheryl en el Foro de Pullips: Pullip .es
ISO 100 f/2 1/80s 1 SB-26 @ 24mm 1/32nd power Shoot through umbrella camera right just outside of the frame, and 1 SB-800 @ 14mm 1/16th power with omnibounce and Roscoe blue gel triggered with pocket wizard plus IIs.
After cutting my head off last week for the sake of photography, I figured I owed it to myself to take a picture with my head; even if it looks better behind the camera than in front of it. I actually had constructed this photo in my head a few weeks ago before going to Ocracoke, but never had the time to execute it. This is typically how I look on any given night with all my gear slammed into this yellow messenger bag with a flash stand strap to the back. I initially tried shooting this shot at f/1.4 for bigger Bokeh balls, but the depth of field was much to shallow. Even at f/2, the bag is slightly out-of-focus. I typically avoid out-of-focus elements in front of the subject, it is a photography rule I choose not to break. As always when doing self portraits and especially at night the greatest challenge is getting the autofocus to work properly. I tried shooting outside my normal method and triggered the camera with remote, but the camera never could focus in the dark before taking the picture. What I like to do in this case; is stand in my position with my camera and focus on the tripod, then switch to manual focus and set my shot up. I had fun setting this shot up and I was pleased to see the results after weeks of waiting to shoot this shot.
until tomorrow,
enjoy
La verdad es que había decidido no subir más fotos de esta cascada de momento y esperar al otoño o a una nueva visita para probar encuadres y aproximaciones diferentes, concretamente pensaba en vertoramas, que era mi idea inicial. Los comentarios de Ander e Iban en las dos primeras me ayudaron a ver por donde pueden ir los tiros para mejorar lo presente, y me reafirmaron en que un vertorama podría sacar un muy buen encuadre de este sitio. Al final, ni una ni dos sino todo lo contrario: cargué tres. Está presenta un encuadre un poco diferente, con el salto pequeño en un plano más cercano. Las dos anteriores son muy similares, pero a la vez veo muchas diferencias en relación al encuadre (a pesar de estar tomadas desde puntos apenas separados un metro) y me gustaría conocer vuestra opinión, ya que encuentro partes que me gustan y otras menos en ambas (por eso pienso que el vertorama podría dar un buen rendimiento aquí). La riega de Justatorio (o riega de La Blanca) es un afluente del río Miñances, que a su vez es un tributario del Cares.
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I'd decided to stop upload of this series, and wait for a new visit to try some new framings and some vertorama. Finally, I changed my mind and today I uploaded these three. This one is a bit different composition, pointing out to the pool and that small cascade. The other two may look very similar, but in both of them I see good and bad things, and I though that a good picture should combine elements from these two. This is the reason because I think a vertorama can provide some light here, but I realize that it wouldn't be easy.
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Focal length: 12 mm
Aperture: f/22.0
Exposure: 30 Sec
ISO Speed:100
LEE ProGlas ND 0.6 Standard
Manfrotto 190CXPRO4 + 460MG Head
.
The jazz giant died at age 82 on Dec. 23, 2007.
Born in Montreal, of West Indian Roots.
Named: "Simply the Best".
He boasted an impressive collection of awards including seven Grammys. During a distinguished career spanning seven decades, Mr. Peterson played with many of the world's greatest jazz musicians including Ella Fitzgerald, Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie.
As the 35th Annual International Conference (Jazz) took place in Toronto CA, he was remembered.
www.cbc.ca/radio2/singleConcert.html?20080112oscar
He will Be remembered.
. Goodbye Dr. Oscar Peterson
.
au.youtube.com/watch?v=-Ebo12xg4ws
.
This link is just in Dutch unfortunately. Here is a brief translation I just cooked up:
In early times only the Steenweg ‘Rock road’, could be found here. An old road paved with cobblestones which connected the ‘Grootbrug’, or ‘Large Bridge’ and the present day Steenweg, part of an important route from Bavay in the North of present day France to Utrecht in the Netherlands. A canal was dug in the 13th century along the Steenweg which connected the river Dijle and the Koolvliet. On the Eastern bank of this canal a Vismarkt (fishmarket) was built.
In 1532 this canal was put underground and the Vismarkt moved to where it nowadays. The last part of the canal on the Ijzeren Leen was filled up in 1675.
The name Ijzeren Leen dates from the 17th century, and stems from the iron railings (ijzeren leuningen), which were put along the canal in the century before. They were probably manufactured between 1531 and 1534 and restored between 1783 and 1927.
(source: Bouwen door de eeuwen heen in Vlaanderen)
Nowadays the Ijzeren Leen called the Champs Elysees of Mechelen. It contains the ‘Schepenhuis’, which is the former town hall. This houses a small museum with 16th and 17th century art.
EXPLORE 360 - Thank You! :)
Look!
Look at how this burgeon is bursting at the seams,
How the flower wants OUT,
Look at the structure of its Chintzy dress,
Already slightly torn,
Rather pushing the bloom out than holding it back!
Look how the bud is having rosy cheeks,
Rearing to have a Go at life, head on....
Kiki Vol-au-Vent
I can't help it, when I see something as beautiful as this, I feel like crying and singing at the same time!
Can there be anything more beautiful than what Nature is offering us - for free, without subscription, no botox/face lifting/tucking needed and no art-work by human beings?!
Seeing this makes me a Happy Person! Have a Good and Wonderful Day :)
I am listening to an cellist who - to me - is a new discovery and her playing is just as beautiful and perfect as is this bud! Her name is Anne Gastinel, a Lyon born artist. Please join me here for a trailer of J.S. Bach's Cello Suites.
Anne's comments are French spoken but the music is in Esperanto .... :))))))
I have 'found' Anne Gastinel on Radio Suisse Romande on 'Treasure Island' (L'île aux trésors). I don't know for how long you can listen to the emissions of this week, so if you don't want to miss out, do it soon (we still have Friday's emission to look forward to!) and you can re-listen for some weeks after.
And no, I have no personal interests in Radio Suisse Romande! But when I find a treasure, I want to share it with my friends :)
© All rights reserved
Kindly visit my Flickr DNA for more information on me and my work. Thanks!
My last shot in Andalusia, but the trip continues with the return to home...
Mi última foto en Andalucía, pero el viaje continúa con el regreso a casa...
ENGLISH
La Alpujarra (sometimes Las Alpujarras) is a mountainous district in Southern Spain, which stretches south from the Sierra Nevada mountains near Granada in the autonomous region of Andalusia. The western part of the region lies in the province of Granada and the eastern part in the province of Almería. In older sources the name is sometimes spelled Alpuxarras; it may derive from Arabic al Busherat meaning "the grass-land".
The region consists principally of valleys which descend at right angles from the crest of the Sierra Nevada on the north, to the Sierras Almijara, Contraviesa and Gádor, which separate it from the Mediterranean Sea, to the south.
The region is one of great natural beauty. Because of a warm southerly climate combined with a reliable supply of water for irrigation from the rivers running off the Sierra Nevada, the valleys of the western Alpujarras are among the most fertile in Spain, though the steep nature of the terrain means that they can only be cultivated in small fields, so that many modern agricultural techniques are impractical. They contain a rich abundance of fruit trees, especially grape vines, oranges, lemons, persimmons, figs and almonds. The eastern Alpujarra, in the province of Almería, is more arid, but still highly attractive.
La Alpujarra was successively settled by Ibero-Celtic peoples, by the Romans, and by Visigoths before the Moorish conquest of southern Spain in the eighth century. The region was the last refuge of the Moors, who were allowed to remain there for nearly 150 years after the fall of Granada in 1492. Following the Morisco Revolt of 1568, the Moorish population was forced from the region after the Moriscos used it as a military base. By order of the Spanish crown, two Moorish families were required to remain in each village in order to demonstrate to the new inhabitants, introduced from northern Spain, the workings of the terracing and irrigation systems on which the district's agriculture depends.
The influence of the Moorish population can be seen in the agriculture, the distinct cubic architecture (reminiscent of Berber architecture in Morocco's Atlas Mountains) the local cuisine, the local carpet weaving, and the numerous Arabic placenames.
More info: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpujarras
-----------------------------------
CASTELLANO
La Alpujarra (o Las Alpujarras) es una comarca de Andalucía, en el sur de España. Incluye parte de la provincia de Granada y parte de la provincia de Almería, en las faldas de la ladera sur de Sierra Nevada.
En textos antiguos a veces la región es denominada alpujarras, nombre que deriva del término árabe al Busherat (al-bugscharra), que podría traducirse como "la Tierra de hierba" o "la Tierra de pastos". Pedro Antonio de Alarcón, que viajó por la comarca y escribió un libro, publicado en 1874, da, además de esta versión del nombre, cuatro más. Citando a Luis de Mármol, Alarcón dice que la palabra viene de la voz árabe "abuxarra" que, siempre según Alarcón, quiere decir "la rencillosa, la pendenciera". El mismo Alarcón da una segunda hipótesis del origen del nombre, que toma del arabista Miguel Lafuente Alcántara, quien añade que la palabra árabe "abuxarra" también significa "indomable". Una tercera opinión del origen del nombre procede de los arabistas ingleses Romey y Sacy quienes, basándose en los testimonios del historiador árabe Suar el-Kaicí, consideran que la palabra Alpujarra viene de la voz arábiga "Albordjela" que significa "la fortificada". Finalmente, Alarcón menciona la opinión del historiador francés Simonet que sugiere que puede proceder del nombre "Albuxarrat" que Simonet traduce por "La Sierra Blanca" o Sierra Nevada.
La región consiste principalmente en una serie de valles que descienden en ángulo recto desde las cumbres de Sierra Nevada en el Norte, a la Sierra de la Contraviesa y Sierra de Gádor, las cuales la separan del Mar Mediterráneo, al sur.
La región es de una enorme belleza natural. A causa de su clima suave combinado con una fuente fiable de agua para la irrigación de los ríos que descienden de Sierra Nevada, los valles de la Alpujarra disfrutan de un importante grado de fertilidad, si bien a causa de la naturaleza del terreno sólo pueden ser cultivados en pequeñas parcelas, por lo cual la técnicas modernas de agricultura no suelen ser viables. Abundan los árboles frutales, como naranjos, limoneros, caquis, manzanos, higueras, castaños, almendros, y los viñedos. La zona este de la Alpujarra, la almeriense, es más árida.
La Alpujarra fue sucesivamente colonizada por íberos y celtas, por la antigua Roma, y por visigodos, antes de la conquista musulmana del sur de España durante el siglo VIII; no obstante, el historiador árabe Ibn Ragid declara que la región no fue conquistada por los árabes debido a la aspereza de su territorio. Su colonización, por tanto, hubo de ser posterior y realizarse modo muy paulatino. La región fue el último refugio de los moriscos, a quienes se les permitió permanecer allí hasta mucho después de la caída del Reino Nazarí de Granada en 1492. Tras la revuelta morisca de 1568, (donde Aben Humeya, de nombre cristiano Fernando de Córdoba y Válor, se proclamó Rey de la Alpujarra) la población morisca fue expulsada de la región tras que ésta fuese usada como su base militar. Por orden de la corona española, se requirió que dos familias moriscas permaneciesen en cada villa para ayudar a los nuevos habitantes , introducidos desde el norte de España (fundamentalmente asturianos, gallegos y leoneses), la forma de trabajar las terrazas y los sistemas de irrigación de los que depende la agricultura de la región.
La influencia de la población morisca se puede observar, lógicamente, en la agricultura, la arquitectura cúbica (reminiscencias de la arquitectura bereber de las montañas marroquíes del Atlas), la cocina local, el tejido de alfombras y numerosos nombres de lugar de origen árabe.
Más info: es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpujarras