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Le long des quais, les commentaires vont bon train, sur les skippers, leur âge, leur parcours ou sur les bateaux, leur taille, leur forme, leur couleur... Regards de quelques visiteurs, croisés hier.
Leur bateau préféré
« Les Ultimes m'impressionnent. Surtout les deux en dehors des bassins. » Le Spindrift 2, de Yann Guichard et Banque populaire, avec Loïck Peyron. « Pour leurs dimensions et leurs prouesses technologiques surtout, poursuit Stéphanie Weisz, qui a eu la chance de monter sur l'un d'entre eux. Tout est informatisé. »
Mais à y réfléchir, elle trouve que ces ordinateurs « enlèvent un peu de magie à la traversée. Aujourd'hui, il faut être plus ingénieur que marin au sens pur du terme. » Malgré tout, elle avoue être « moins sensible aux monocoques ».
Le trimaran de Jean-Paul Froc, Groupe Berto, rappelle de bons souvenirs à Maurice Legall, qui suit la Route du Rhum depuis plus de quarante ans. « Ce bateau est le même que l'Olympus de Mike Birch, qui a gagné la première transat, en 1978. »
Dans la catégorie Rhum, il ne sera pas le seul, puisqu'un autre sister-ship prendra le départ, dimanche prochain : Charlie Capelle sur Acapella.
Leur skipper préféré
Maurice a du mal à choisir, entre plusieurs chouchous. « J'aime bien François Gabart, qui a gagné le dernier Vendée Globe. » Dans la catégorie beau gosse, Jean Galfione fait aussi partie de son tiercé gagnant. Mais le vainqueur est Loïc Féquet, « qui a changé depuis la dernière Route du Rhum. Il est souriant, disponible, décontracté. »
Avec son visage affiché en grand, devant son bateau, le long des quais, Nils Boyer a les faveurs de Catherine, la cinquantaine, de Miniac-Morvan. « Il est jeune et déjà un beau parcours. Il a du mérite de partir sur ce bateau, si fin. Mais il est très beau. Cela me rappelle les premiers concurrents de la transat. »
Stéphanie, elle, n'a d'yeux que pour Jean Galfione. « C'est mon skipper préféré. Je l'ai suivi en tant que perchiste et maintenant, en tant que navigateur. »
Leur couleur préférée
« J'aime tous les bateaux bleus, dit spontanément Élise Caron, 11 ans, en vacances avec sa famille. Ils me font tout de suite penser à la mer. » Sa maman est d'accord avec elle. « On a les mêmes goûts. »
En deuxième choix, elle penche vers les jaunes. « Ils sont vifs, gais. » Quant à sa soeur, Marine, elle a un petit faible pour le noir, Let's go, de Nils Boyer. « En plus, il est très beau, avec son petit Marsupilami, accroché à la voile. »
Un peu plus loin, face au bassin Vauban, Valérie a les yeux grands ouverts devant le Maître Jacques, de Loïc Féquet. « En fait, j'aime tous les bateaux avec du rouge, comme celui de Lionel Le Monchois ou Jérémie Bayou. Au moins, ils ne passent pas inaperçus. » (OF)
La célèbre course transatlantique va occuper l'actualité pendant plusieurs jours. Alors, pour ceux qui ne connaissent rien à la voile, autant se mettre dans le bain tout de suite !
Pourquoi ? Comment ?
Quel est le principe de la Route du Rhum ?
Les skippers traversent l'Atlantique en solitaire. Ils partent du nord de la pointe du Grouin, près de Saint-Malo, et rejoignent Pointe-à-Pitre, en Guadeloupe. Ils sont libres de choisir leur parcours, mais ont toutefois quelques règles à respecter au moment où ils franchissent le Cap Fréhel, dans les Côtes-d'Armor, puis à leur arrivée en Guadeloupe. Ils parcourent en tout 3 542 milles (soit un peu plus de 6 559 km).
Depuis quand la course existe-t-elle ?
Le top départ de la première édition de Route du Rhum a été donné le 6 novembre 1978. Elle a été créée par Michel Etevenon. Elle est, aujourd'hui, organisée par la société Pen Duick et se déroule tous les quatre ans. La course fête cette année sa 10e édition.
Quels bateaux y participent ?
L'épreuve est ouverte aux multicoques et aux monocoques. Ils sont répartis en cinq catégories en fonction leur longueur. « Les Ultimes sont des trimarans. Ce sont les plus grands et les plus rapides de la course. Leur taille varie entre 23 et 38 mètres, explique Jacques Andrieux, directeur de l'école de voile de Bon Secours, à Saint-Malo. Les Imoca ont tous la même taille, soit 18,60 m. On les appelle les 60 pieds. C'est le type de bateau du Vendée Globe. On retrouve ensuite les Multi 50, des bateaux de 50 pieds, puis les Class 40, la grosse flotte de la course. Ils mesurent 12,50 m (40 pieds). Enfin, il y a les Rhum, qui n'entrent dans aucune autre catégorie et doivent mesurer au minimum 11,88 m (39 pieds). »
Combien de skippers prennent le départ ?
Quatre-vingt-onze navigateurs largueront les amarres pour cette nouvelle édition. Le plus jeune skipper est le Malouin Paul Hignard (bateau Bruneau), âgé de 19 ans. Le doyen de la course, lui, est âgé de... 75 ans ! C'est l'anglais Robin Knox-Johnston (bateau Grey Power).
Que gagnent-ils ?
Les prix sont répartis selon la catégorie de bateau. De 50 000 € à 12 500 € pour le trio de tête en Ultimes ; de 12 000 € à 6 000 € pour les Multi 50 ; de 23 000 € à 13 000 € pour les Imoca ; de 7 800 € à 4 500 € pour les Class 40 ; et de 8 000 € à 4 000 € pour les Rhum.
Quel est le record de la course ?
Sept jours, dix-sept heures et dix-neuf minutes. Ce temps a été atteint par Lionel Lemonchois, en 2006. Les skippers ont trente-cinq jours maximum, après la date du départ, pour arriver à bon port.
Quels sont les grands noms du Rhum ?
« Bien sûr, il y a beaucoup de grands navigateurs, mais on peut citer Mike Birch, qui est le premier vainqueur de la Route du Rhum et Laurent Bourgnon, qui a inscrit deux fois son nom au palmarès de la course mythique, en 1994 et 1998 », poursuit Jacques Andrieux. Les femmes sont aussi de la partie : Florence Arthaud est la première femme à avoir remporté la course, en 1990, et Ellen MacArthur, dans la catégorie monocoque, en 2002. (OF)
Calvin is in the final stages of manufacture of component parts for his lamp model. He will be using polystyrene to create a hemispherical dome for the top of his lamp. This will emerge from a hole cut out of pine 'furniture board' and this in turn will enable the dome to attach to the central cylindrical form of the bottom part of the lamp. This central cylinder is made from aluminium sheet which has been pop rivited together. Seven holes have been drilled around the circumference of the aluminium and these will accomodate nylon spikes that have been turned on the metalwork lathe. These will be attached using epoxy resin adhesive. These spikes have been counter-bored with a step drill so that the light will be transmitted along the nylon to the end of the spike. An energy efficient bulb and holder will be mounted on a wooden base at the bottom of the aluminium section.
Calvin has worked extremely hard over the last few weeks and has easily risen to each and every challenge that his concept has generated along the way.
Even the creation of the mdf former created issues by Calvin persevered with steely determination and kep at it until he was satisfied with the results. Good work, looking forward to seeing the completed model.
Gyeongbokgung (Hangul: 경복궁; hanja: 景福宫), also known as Gyeongbokgung Palace or Gyeongbok Palace, was the main royal palace of the Joseon dynasty. Built in 1395, it is located in northern Seoul, South Korea. The largest of the Five Grand Palaces built by the Joseon dynasty, Gyeongbokgung served as the home of Kings of the Joseon dynasty, the Kings' households, as well as the government of Joseon.
Gyeongbokgung continued to serve as the main palace of the Joseon dynasty until the premises were destroyed by fire during the Imjin War and abandoned for two centuries. However, in the 19th century, all of the palace's 7,700 rooms were later restored under the leadership of Prince Regent Heungseon during the reign of King Gojong. Some 500 buildings were restored on a site of over 40 hectares. The architectural principles of ancient Korea were incorporated into the tradition and appearance of the Joseon royal court.
In the early 20th century, much of the palace was systematically destroyed by Imperial Japan. Since then, the walled palace complex is gradually being reconstructed to its original form. Today, the palace is arguably regarded as being the most beautiful and grandest of all five palaces. It also houses the National Palace Museum of Korea and the National Folk Museum within the premises of the complex.
OVERVIEW
Gyeongbokgung was built three years after the Joseon dynasty was founded and it served as its main palace. With Mount Bugak as a backdrop and the Street of Six Ministries (today's Sejongno) outside Gwanghwamun Gate, the main entrance to the palace, Gyeongbokgung was situated in the heart of the Korean capital city. It was steadily expanded before being reduced to ashes during the Japanese invasion of 1592.
For the next 273 years the palace grounds were left derelict until being rebuilt in 1867 under the leadership of Regent Heungseon Daewongun. The restoration was completed on a grand scale, with 330 buildings crowded together in a labyrinthine configuration. Within the palace walls were the Outer Court (oejeon), offices for the king and state officials, and the Inner Court (naejeon), which included living quarters for the royal family as well as gardens for leisure. Within its extensive precincts were other palaces, large and small, including Junggung (the Queen`s residence) and Donggung (the Crown prince’s residence).
Owing to its status as the symbol of national sovereignty, Gyeongbokgung was demolished during the Japanese occupation of the early 20th century. In 1911, ownership of land at the palace was transferred to the Japanese Governor-General. In 1915, on the pretext of holding an exhibition, more than 90% of the buildings were torn down. Following the exhibition the Japanese leveled whatever still remained and built their colonial headquarters, the Government-General Building (1916–26), on the site.
Restoration efforts have been ongoing since 1990. The Government-General Building was removed in 1996 and Heungnyemun Gate (2001) and Gwanghwamun Gate (2006-2010) were reconstructed in their original locations and forms. Reconstructions of the Inner Court and Crown Prince’s residence have also been completed.
HISTORY
14th—16th CENTURIES
Gyeongbokgung was originally constructed in 1394 by King Taejo, the first king and the founder of the Joseon dynasty, and its name was conceived by an influential government minister named Jeong Do-jeon. Afterwards, the palace was continuously expanded during the reign of King Taejong and King Sejong the Great. It was severely damaged by fire in 1553, and its costly restoration, ordered by King Myeongjong, was completed in the following year.
However, four decades later, the Gyeongbokgung Palace was burnt to the ground during the Japanese invasions of Korea of 1592-1598. The royal court was moved to the Changdeokgung Palace. The Gyeongbokgung palace site was left in ruins for the next three centuries.
19th CENTURY
In 1867, during the regency of Daewongun, the palace buildings were reconstructed and formed a massive complex with 330 buildings and 5,792 rooms. Standing on 4,657,576 square feet (432,703 square meters) of land, Gyeongbokgung again became an iconic symbol for both the Korean nation and the Korean royal family. In 1895, after the assassination of Empress Myeongseong by Japanese agents, her husband, Emperor Gojong, left the palace. The Imperial Family never returned to Gyeongbokgung.
20th—21st CENTURIES
Starting from 1911, the colonial government of the Empire of Japan systemically demolished all but 10 buildings during the Japanese occupation of Korea and hosted numerous exhibitions in Gyeongbokgung. In 1926, the government constructed the massive Japanese General Government Building in front of the throne hall, Geunjeongjeon, in order to eradicate the symbol and heritage of the Joseon dynasty. Gwanghwamun Gate, the main and south gate of Gyeongbokgung, was relocated by the Japanese to the east of the palace, and its wooden structure was completely destroyed during the Korean War.
Gyeongbokgung's original 19th-century palace buildings that survived both the Japanese rule of Colonial Korea and the Korean War include:
- Geunjeongjeon (the Imperial Throne Hall) — National Treasure No. 223.
- Gyeonghoeru Pavilion — National Treasure No. 224.
- Hyangwonjeong Pavilion; Jagyeongjeon Hall; Jibokjae Hall; Sajeongjeon Hall; and Sujeongjeon Hall.
Modern archaeological surveys have brought 330 building foundations to light.
RESTAURATION
In 1989, the South Korean government started a 40-year initiative to rebuild the hundreds of structures that were destroyed by the colonial government of the Empire of Japan, during the period of occupied Colonial Korea (1910-1945).
In 1995, the Japanese General Government Building, after many controversial debates about its fate, was demolished in order to reconstruct Heungnyemun Gate and its cloisters. The National Museum of Korea, then located on the palace grounds, was relocated to Yongsan-gu in 2005.
By the end of 2009, it was estimated that approximately 40 percent of the structures that were standing before the Japanese occupation of Korea were restored or reconstructed. As a part of phase 5 of the Gyeongbokgung restoration initiative, Gwanghwamun, the main gate to the palace, was restored to its original design. Another 20-year restoration project is planned by the South Korean government to restore Gyeongbokgung to its former status.
LAYOUT
MAIN GATES OF GYEONGBOKGUNG
Gwanghwamun (The Main and South Gate)
Heungnyemun (The Second Inner Gate)
Geunjeongmun (The Third Inner Gate)
Sinmumun (The North Gate)
Geonchunmun (The East Gate)
Yeongchumun (The West Gate)
OEJEON (Outer Court)
Geunjeongmun (The Third Inner Gate)
Geunjeongjeon (The Throne Hall)
Sajeongjeon (The Executive Office)
Sujeongjeon
Cheonchujeon
Manchunjeon
NAEJEONG (Inner Court)
Gangnyeongjeon (The King's Quarters)
Gyotaejeon (The Queen's Quarters)
Jagyeongjeon (The Late Queen's Quarters)
DONGGUNG (Palace of the Crown Prince)
Jaseondang (The Crown Prince's and Princesses' Quarters)
Bihyeongak (The Study of the Crown Prince)
PAVILIONS
Gyeonghoeru (The Royal Banquet Hall)
Hyangwonjeong
BRIDGES
Yeongjegyo
Having passed through the initial main gate and secondary gate (Heungnyemun Gate), visitors would pass over a small bridge named Yeongjegyo. Located on the top of the canal right next to the bridge were several imaginary creatures known as Seosu.
Chwihyanggyo
The bridge Chwihyanggyo was originally located on the north side of the island and was the longest bridge constructed purely of wood during the Joseon Dynasty; however, it was destroyed during the Korean War. The bridge was reconstructed in its present form on the south side of the island in 1953.
BIHYEONGAK
Bihyeongak (Hangul: 비현각; hanja: 丕顯閣) means big and bright a royal palace where crown prince brush up on his' study with his teacher.
BUILDINGS
GANGNYEONGJEON
Gangnyeongjeon (Hangul: 강녕전; hanja: 康寧殿), also called Gangnyeongjeon Hall, is a building used as the king's main residing quarters. First constructed in 1395, the fourth year of King Taejo, the building contains the king's bed chamber. Destroyed during the Japanese invasions of Korea in 1592, the building was rebuilt when Gyeongbokgung was reconstructed in 1867, but it was again burned down by a major fire on November 1876 and had to be restored in 1888 following the orders of King Gojong.
However, when Huijeongdang of Changdeokgung Palace was burned down by a fire in 1917, the Japanese government dismembered the building and used its construction materials to restore Huijeongdang in 1920. Current Gangnyeongjeon was built in 1994, meticulously restoring the building to its original specifications and design.
Gangnyeongjeon consists of corridors and fourteen rectangular chambers, each seven chambers located to the left and right side of the building in a layout out like a checkerboard. The king used the central chamber while the court attendants occupied the remaining side chambers to protect, assist, and to receive orders. The building rests on top of a tall stone foundation, and a stone deck or veranda is located in front of the building.
The noted feature of the building is an absence of a top white roof ridge called yongmaru (Hangul: 용마루) in Korean. Many theories exist to explain the absence, of which a prominent one states that, since the king was symbolized as the dragon during the Joseon dynasty, the yongmaru, which contains the letter dragon or yong (龍), cannot rest on top of the king when he is asleep.
GEUNJEONGJEON
Geunjeongjeon (Hangul: 근정전; hanja: 勤政殿), also known as Geunjeongjeon Hall, is the throne hall where the king formally granted audiences to his officials, gave declarations of national importance, and greeted foreign envoys and ambassadors during the Joseon dynasty. The building was designated as Korea's National Treasure No. 223 on January 8, 1985.
Geunjeongjeon was originally constructed in 1395 during the reign of King Taejo, but was burned down in 1592 when the Japanese invaded Korea. The present building was built in 1867 when Gyeongbokgung was being reconstructed. The name Geunjeongjeon, created by the minister Jeong Do-jeon, means "diligence helps governance".
Constructed mainly of wood, Geunjeongjeon sits on the center of a large rectangular courtyard, on top of a two-tiered stone platform. This two-tiered platform is lined with detailed balustrades and is decorated with numerous sculptures depicting imaginary and real animals, such as dragons and phoenixes. The stone-paved courtyard is lined with two rows of rank stones, called pumgyeseoks (Hangul: 품계석; hanja: 品階石), indicating where the court officials are to stand according to their ranks. The whole courtyard is fully enclosed by wooden cloisters.
Geunjeongmun (Hangul: 근정문; hanja: 勤政門), aligned and located directly to the south of Geunjeongjeon, is the main gate to the courtyard and to Geunjeongjeon. The gate is divided into three separate aisles, and only the king was allowed to walk through the center.
GWANGHWAMUN
Gwanghwamun (Hangul: 광화문; hanja: 光化門) is the main gate of Gyeongbokgung Palace.
GYEONGHOERU
Gyeonghoeru (Hangul: 경회루; hanja: 慶會樓), also known as Gyeonghoeru Pavilion, is a hall used to hold important and special state banquets during the Joseon Dynasty. It is registered as Korea's National Treasure No. 224 on January 8, 1985.
The first Gyeonghoeru was constructed in 1412, the 12th year of the reign of King Taejong, but was burned down during the Japanese invasions of Korea in 1592. The present building was constructed in 1867 (the 4th year of the reign of King Gojong) on an island of an artificial, rectangular lake that is 128 m wide and 113 m across.
Constructed mainly of wood and stone, Gyeonghoeru has a form where the wooden structure of the building sits on top of 48 massive stone pillars, with wooden stairs connecting the second floor to the first floor. The outer perimeters of Gyeonghoeru are supported by square pillars while the inner columns are cylindrical; they were placed thus to represent the idea of Yin & Yang. When Gyeonghoeru was originally built in 1412, these stone pillars were decorated with sculptures depicting dragons rising to the sky, but these details were not reproduced when the building was rebuilt in the 19th century. Three stone bridges connect the building to the palace grounds, and corners of the balustrades around the island are decorated with sculptures depicting twelve Zodiac animals.
Gyeonghoeru used to be represented on the 10,000 won Korean banknotes (1983-2002 Series).
GYOTAEJEON
Gyotaejeon (Hangul: 교태전; hanja: 交泰殿), also called Gyotaejeon Hall, is a building used as the main residing quarters by the queen during the Joseon Dynasty. The building is located behind Gangnyeongjeon, the king's quarters, and contains the queen's bed chamber. It was first constructed in around 1440, the 22nd year of King Sejong the Great.
King Sejong, who was noted to have a frail health later in his reign, decided to carry out his executive duties in Gangnyeongjeon, where his bed chamber is located, instead of Sajeongjeon. Since this decision meant many government officials routinely needed to visit and intrude Gangnyeongjeon, King Sejong had Gyotaejeon built in consideration of his wife the queen's privacy.
The building was burned down in 1592 when the Japanese invaded Korea, but was reconstructed in 1867. Nevertheless, when Daejojeon of Changdeokgung Palace was burned down by a fire in 1917, the Japanese government disassembled the building and recycled its construction materials to restore Daejojeon. The current building was reconstructed in 1994 according to its original design and specifications. The building, like Gangnyeongjeon, does not have a top roof ridge called yongmaru.
Amisan (Hangul: 아미산; hanja: 峨嵋山), a famous garden created from an artificial mound, is located behind Gyotaejeon. Four hexagonal chimneys, constructed around 1869 in orange bricks and decorative roof tiles, adorn Amisan without showing their utilitarian function and are notable examples of formative art created during the Joseon Dynasty. The chimneys were registered as Korea's Treasure No. 811 on January 8, 1985.
HYANGWONJEONG
Hyangwonjeong (Hangul: 향원정; hanja: 香遠亭), or Hyangwonjeong Pavilion, is a small, two-story hexagonal pavilion built around 1873 by the order of King Gojong when Geoncheonggung residence was built to the north within Gyeongbokgung.
The pavilion was constructed on an artificial island of a lake named Hyangwonji (Hangul: 향원지; hanja: 香遠池), and a bridge named Chwihyanggyo (Hangul: 취향교; hanja: 醉香橋) connects it to the palace grounds. The name Hyangwonjeong is loosely translated as "Pavilion of Far-Reaching Fragrance", while Chwihyanggyo is "Bridge Intoxicated with Fragrance".
The bridge Chwihyanggyo was originally located on the north side of the island and was the longest bridge constructed purely of wood during the Joseon dynasty; however, it was destroyed during the Korean War. The bridge was reconstructed in its present form on the south side of the island in 1953.
JAGYEONGJEON
Jagyeongjeon (Hangul: 자경전; hanja: 慈慶殿), also called Jagyeongjeon Hall, is a building used as the main residing quarters by Queen Sinjeong (Hangul: 신정왕후; hanja: 神貞王后), the mother of King Heonjong. First constructed in 1865, it was burned down twice by a fire but was reconstructed in 1888. Jagyeongjeon is the only royal residing quarters in Gyeongbokgung that survived the demolition campaigns of the Japanese government during the Japanese occupation of Korea.
The chimneys of Jagyeongjeon are decorated with ten signs of longevity to wish for a long life for the late queen, while the west walls of the Jagyeongjeon compound are adorned with floral designs. The protruding southeast part of Jagyeongjeon, named Cheongyeollu (Hangul: 청연루; hanja: 清讌樓), is designed to provide a cooler space during the summer, while the northwest part of Jagyeongjeon, named Bokandang (Hangul: 복안당; hanja: 福安堂), is designed for the winter months. The eastern part of Jagyeogjeon, named Hyeopgyeongdang (Hangul: 협경당; hanja: 協慶堂) and distinguished by the building's lower height, was used by the late queen's assistants.
The building and the decorative walls were registered as Korea's Treasure No. 809 on January 8, 1985.
JIBOKJAE
Jibokjae (Hangul: 집옥재; hanja: 集玉齋), located next to Geoncheonggung Residence, is a two-storey private library used by King Gojong. In 1876, a major fire occurred in Gyeongbokgung Palace, and King Gojong, for a brief period, moved and resided in Changdeokgung Palace. He eventually moved back to Gyeongbokgung in 1888, but he had the pre-existing Jibokjae building disassembled and moved from Changdeokgung to the present location in 1891. Its name, Jibokjae, translates loosely in English as the "Hall of Collecting Jade".
The building uniquely shows heavy influence of Chinese architecture instead of traditional Korean palace architecture. Its side walls were entirely constructed in brick, a method commonly employed by the contemporary Chinese, and its roof formations, interior screens, and columns also show Chinese influences. Its architecture possibly was meant to give it an exotic appearance.
Jibokjae is flanked by Parujeong (Hangul: 팔우정; hanja: 八隅亭), an octagonal two-story pavilion, to the left and Hyeopgildang (Hangul: 협길당; hanja: 協吉堂) to the right. Parujeong was constructed to store books, while Hyeopgildang served as a part of Jibokjae. Both of the buildings are internally connected to Jibokjae.
Bohyeondang (Hangul: 보현당; hanja: 寶賢堂) and Gahoejeong (Hangul: 가회정; hanja: 嘉會亭), buildings that also formed a library complex to the south of Jibokjae, were demolished by the Japanese government in the early 20th century.
SAJEONGJEON
Sajeongjeon (Hangul: 사정전; hanja: 思政殿), also called Sajeongjeon Hall, is a building used as the main executive office by the king during the Joseon Dynasty. Located behind Geunjeongjeon Hall, the king carried out his executive duties and held meetings with the top government officials in Sajeongjeon. Two separate side buildings, Cheonchujeon (Hangul: 천추전; hanja: 千秋殿) and Manchunjeon (Hangul: 만춘전; hanja: 萬春殿), flank the west and east of Sajeongjeon, and while Sajeongjeon is not equipped with a heating system, these buildings are equipped with Ondols for their use in the colder months.
SUJEONGJEON
Sujeongjeon (Hangul: 수정전; hanja: 修政殿), a building located to the south of Gyeonghoeru, was constructed in 1867 and used by the cabinet of the Joseon dynasty.
TAEWONJEON
Taewonjeon (Hangul: 태원전; hanja: 泰元殿), or Taewonjeon Shrine, is an ancestral shrine originally built in 1868 to house a portrait of King Taejo, the founder of the Joseon dynasty, and to perform rites to the deceased royalties. Completely destroyed by the Japanese government in the early 20th century, the shrine was accurately restored to its former design in 2005.
DONGGUNG
Donggung (Hangul: 동궁; hanja: 東宮), located south of the Hyangwonjeong pavilion, was the compound where the crown prince and his wife were living. The four main buildings of the compound were Jaseondang and Bihyeongak, Chunbang (lecture hall, where the prince got the education preparing him to the throne), as well as Gyebang (the security building). In the 19th century, the future Emperor Sunjong lived in the compound. Dongdung was razed to the ground during the Japanese occupation. The restoration started in 1999, only Jaseondang and Bihyeongak were restored.
GEONCHEONGGUNG
Geoncheonggung (Hangul: 건청궁; hanja: 乾淸宮), also known as Geoncheonggung Residence, was a private royal residence built by King Gojong within the palace grounds in 1873.
King Gojong resided in Geoncheonggung from 1888 and the residence was continuously expanded, but on October 8, 1895, Empress Myeongseong, the wife of King Gojong, was brutally assassinated by the Japanese agents at the residence. Her body was burned and buried near the residence.
Haunted by the experiences of the incident, the king left the palace in January 1896, and never returned to the residence. Demolished completely by the Japanese government in 1909, the residence was accurately reconstructed to its former design and open to the public in 2007.
GOVERNOR-GENERAL´S RESIDENCE
The back garden of Gyeongbokgung used to contain the main part of the Japanese Governor-General's residence, that was built in the early 20th century during the Japanese occupation. With the establishment of the Republic of Korea in 1948, President Syngman Rhee used it as his office and residence. In 1993, after President Kim Young-sam's civilian administration was launched, the Japanese Governor-General's residence in the Cheongwadae compound was dismantled to remove a major symbol of the Japanese colonialism.
TOURISM
In 2011 in a survey conducted, by Seoul Development Institute, which included 800 residents and 103 urban planners and architects. It listed 39 percent of residents, voted that the palace as the most scenic location in Seoul, following Mount Namsan and Han River in the top spots.
ACCESS
Today, the Gyeongbokgung Palace is open to the public and houses the National Folk Museum of Korea, the National Palace Museum of Korea, and traditional Korean gardens.
TRANSPORTATION
Gyeongbokgung entry is located 22 Sajik-no, Jongno-gu. The nearest subway station is Gyeongbokgung Station (Station #327 on Line 3).
There has been off and on talk to extending the Shinbundang Line near the palace including during a March 2012 campaign promise by Hong Sa-duk to expand the line near Gyeongbok Palace
EVENS
In a poll of nearly 2,000 foreign visitors, conducted by the Seoul Metropolitan Government in November 2011, stated that watching the changing of the guards at the main gate Gwanghwamun as their third favorite activity in Seoul. The royal changing of the guard ceremony is held in front of the main gate every hour from 10:00 to 15:00.
From October, Gyeongbokgung open night season. from 7PM to 10PM. This event is only available to reservation in Inter Park Website.
WIKIPEDIA
Promo shoot with rock band Form in my home studio.
Strobist: SB-600 silver brolly right and SB-80x shoot through brolly left. Cactus V4 Triggers.
This is a registration form for an upcoming event hosted by churches in Athens, GA. The event will be called The Mix.
In clockwise quadrants, it goes back-cover, front-cover, inner-left, inner-right.
I had to do the logo and design in about a 24-hour turnaround, but now will have some time for edits, general criticisms, revisions and care while the involved youth pastors banter about whether they like it or not for a few days.
I'd love any feedback you have.
Oh yeah, and if they're down with this look, I'll buy the image to get the watermark gone.
Esta fotografia forma parte del Album publicado por Eugenio Maunory en 1860, quien estaba instalado en el puerto de Valparaiso.
Aun existía la Iglesia de La Compañía, a cuya sombra se cobija el cochero.
En 1823 la Biblioteca se trasladó aquí, a la esquina sur oriente de las calles Bandera y Compañía. En este edificio, construido en 1805 conforme a los planos del célebre arquitecto don Joaquín Toesca, la Biblioteca permaneció hasta 1834.
Ese año, siendo director don Francisco García Huidobro, la Biblioteca se trasladó a un edificio expresamente construido para ella, en la esquina sur poniente de la intersección formada por las calles Bandera y Catedral, donde hoy estan los jardines del Congreso.
Elements of the Formed Police Unit (FPU) and the Congolese National Police (PNC) patrol the streets of Goma, Nord Kivu Province, 7 December 2011. © MONUSCO/Sylvain Liechti
El lunes 7 de noviembre, a las 9 horas, la Sala 26 de abril de la sede institucional acogió el acto de bienvenida a los 5 profesionales de Enfermería de Mauritania que van a participar en la segunda edición del Curso de iniciación teórico-práctico sobre enfermería en cuidados intensivos, organizado conjuntamente por la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) y la Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento y Empleo del Gobierno de Canarias, a través de la Dirección General de Asuntos Económicos con África.
Más información: www.ulpgc.es/noticia/2022/11/07/ulpgc-forma-alumnado-maur...
PGB Photographer & Creative - © Philip Romeyn - Phillostar Gone Ballistic 2021 - Photo may not be edited from its original form. Commercial use is prohibited without contacting me.
150226 formed of 52226 and 57226 is seen departing Manchester Piccadilly in Northern livery for Manchester Airport.
Cut from a sheet of 1" 40# tooling board, these will be vac formed with .10" PETG plastic to make up the transparent parts of the Transistor
Port Grimaud French Riviera
is a seaside town forms That portion of the town of Grimaud. It is located seven kilometers (4.3 miles) (oven mi (6.4 km)) west of Saint-Tropez and seven kilometers (4.3 miles) south-west of Sainte Maxime. This seaside town Was created by architect Francois Spoerry in the 1960s by-modifying the marshes of the river Giscle on the bay of Saint Tropez. Built with channels in a Venetian Manner, aim with French "Fishermans" style houses Resembling Those in Saint Tropez.
The Mainly traffic free town is popular with boat owners as MOST properties come with Their Own berth. The success of the first stage of the development Meant That Grimaud 2 (Extending the town further Top East) Was completed in the 1970s and then again in Port Grimaud 3 Was in the 90s. The Church of St Francis of Assisi in the hand instead of church contains stained glass by Victor Vasarely.
Located 5 minutes from the harbor is the big campsite "The Praries sea" which HAS 1500 caravan and tent pitches.
Managing exchanges between residents, boaters and visitors
Port Grimaud I hosts many merchants and professionals in its three places: the place des Artisans, the Market Square, instead of six guns. During the summer, the street markets are held every Thursday and Sunday as well as art markets. Thus, as desired by François Spoerry, this condominium is also a space for exchange between land and sea opened to boaters.
In a lakeside town such as Port Grimaud, it is faster to travel by boat than by car or motorbike, so water buses, water checkmarks are available to residents to move into the city.
The Grimaldines shuttles allow to go to Saint-Tropez by sea from June to September.
To ensure harmony between owners, merchants, sailors and visitors, certain rules of living together apply throughout the lakeside village: non-residents are invited to park their vehicles in the parking lot reserved for them at entrance to the city, the visit taking place on foot (bikes are also banned). Proper dress is required, observing the peace of the owners is required as well as respect for the cleanliness of common areas. The display of the machine to passers or neighbors is forbidden. Dogs must be leashed. Also prohibited within the city: rollerblades and skateboards, and picnics and barbecues
Here we call this plant "Chinese Hat". The hummingbirds love these flowers, but they sure don't stay at one blossom very long. Quite a challenge to catch them feeding.
Technical Details
Nikon D7000
AF-S Nikkor 18-105mm f/3.5-5.6 ED DX
f/5.3 1/100sec 75mm ISO2000
Software: Adobe Lightroom 3.5
The Curtiss JN-4 was one of the most popular aircraft in the late 1910s and early 1920s. Designed by Englishman Benjamin Thomas, formerly with the Sopwith Aviation Company, it was manufactured by the Curtiss Aeroplane Co. of Hammondsport, New York. The JN built upon the previous Curtiss Model J and Model N series of trainers that had developed before the First World War. The name “Jenny” came from the JN designation and is associated with the American (Curtiss Aeroplane Co.) variants of this aircraft. It was originally developed as a training aircraft in response to a U.S. Army competition seeking a two-seater biplane (student in front, instructor behind) with dual controls. The JN-4 model first appeared in 1916 and sported a 90 hp Curtiss OX-5 water cooled V8 engine. By 1918 a larger 150 hp Hispano-Suiza engine was installed to provide more power. LINK - albertaaviationmuseum.com/in-formation-curtiss-jn-4-jenni...
The Curtiss Model 41 Lark was a commercial biplane manufactured by Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company that was used by pioneering airmail, airline and bush pilots in the 1920s. Patrica Airways operated a Lark for early bushplane operations. The aircraft flew with floats in warm weather, and skis in the winter. The aircraft was pressed into service as an early hearse once, with the cargo needing to be seated upside down in the open seat and secured with haywire.
(The Gazette newspaper - Montreal, Quebec, Canada •
Friday, March 12, 1926) - AIR SERVICE FOR RED LAKE DISTRICT - Company is Formed and Flying Boat and Cruiser Purchased - Red Lake, which was brought within one and half hours of the outer world on March 3, 1926 when the first airplane flight was made in from Hudson, as compared with from ten to twelve days previously, made with dogs, is to have an even better service with the formation yesterday of the Elliot Fairchild Air Service and the purchase of one aeromarine, seven passenger, all metal flying boat, together with a large deluxe cruiser passenger boat. Jack V. Elliot who inaugurated the original service with two machines, spent yesterday in Montreal making arrangements with the Fairchild Aerial Surveys Company of Canada Limited, with the result that a company has been formed and a charter applied for. To date there has been a daily service into Red Lake from Hudson, three planes being in operation and carrying two passengers and 500 pounds of baggage each. They cover the 140 miles separating Hudson and Red Lake in one hour and a half. Air mail is carried from Hudson, the post office address for Red Lake being via Rolling Portage, Ontario. Stamps for the air-mail service may be purchased from the post offices at Hudson (Hudson being the rail road station and Rolling Portage the post office address). Toronto. Winnipeg, Montreal, Ottawa. North Bay, Sudbury, Cobalt, Haileybury and Timiskaming. When navigation opens about May 1, a boat service is to be provided from Hudson to Pineridge, two-thirds the distance from Hudson to Red Lake, and the large flying boats will take passengers, mail and express freight the balance of the distance into Red Lake. Heavier packages and canoes are to be taken in by Indians, who will be brought back by airplane. The passenger cruiser, which has been purchased for the boat service, will have three staterooms with sleeping accommodation for 16 and day accommodation for 50, the journey by water taking seven or eight hours. It has been planned to erect a broadcasting station at Red Lake, Hudson and on the boat so that communications may be kept up between these three and the outer world at all times. President of the new company is Elwood Wilson, M E.I.C., and Jack V. Elliot is vice-president and general manager. LINK - www.newspapers.com/article/the-gazette-air-service-for-re...
(The Daily Sun-Times newspaper - Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada • Monday, March 22, 1926) - NEW AIRPLANE FOR HUDSON TO RED LAKE ROUTE IS ON THE WAY "The Lark" Leaving Buffalo for Toronto and There Will Take on Sleeping Bags, Etc. (Canadian Press Despatch) BUFFALO, N. Y., Mar. 22, 1926 -The new airplane, "'The Lark", to be used in the Lake service, by the Patricia Airway and Exploration company, arrived here shortly after noon, yesterday, from New York, with "Casey" Jones, test pilot for the Curtis Airplanes Corporation, in charge, and two passengers. Frederick Griffin, press writer, and Captain W. R. Maxwell, Director of the Ontario Provincial air service. The Lark expected to continue its northward flight, to-day, by way of Toronto, Sault Ste. Marie, Orient Bay, Sioux Lookout and Hudson. Roy Mitchell will replace Mr. Jones in the pilot's seat from this point. At Toronto the ship will take on snowshoes, sleeping bags, and food, preparation for an overland tramp, in the event of ship coming down unscheduled, in northern territory. LINK - www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-sun-times-new-airpla...
(The Toronto Star newspaper - Toronto, Ontario, Canada •
Tuesday, June 29, 1926) - RED LAKE MAIL SERVICE - F. E. Davidson of the Patricia Air Service into Red Lake, made an announcement this morning that starting today all mail will be carried into Red Lake via Sioux Lookout instead of via Hudson. All letters should bear the mark "Via Sioux Lookout." The Elliot Fairchild service has been carrying mail since March 20th. From now on the Patricia Air Service will be permitted to issue their own postage stamps. The government intends to redeem the old Elliot-Fairchild stamps but in the meantime old stamps are good for carriage over the Patricia Air Service. The new Patricia stamps can now be purchased at post offices for 25 cents apiece. The Patricia Air Service makes the trip from Sioux Lookout to Red Lake in about 60 minutes. It also makes trips to Woman Lake, Pine Ridge and to Bull Dog Lake, Manitoba. The Elliot Fairchild boat service still continues. LINK - www.newspapers.com/article/the-toronto-star-red-lake-mail...
(The Toronto Star newspaper - Toronto, Ontario, Canada •
Wednesday, June 30, 1926) - Patricia Airways • Exploration- Above is reproduced a facsimile of one of new postal stickers of the Patricia Air Service, operating airplanes into Red Lake. The postmaster has granted the company permission to issue these stickers in future, and they can be procured at any post office for 25 cents apiece. The old Elliot-Fairchild stamps are being redeemed, but can still be used for letters. In future letters to Red Lake should be marked "Via Sioux Lookout." LINK - www.newspapers.com/article/the-toronto-star-patricia-airw...
Sherman Mills Fairchild (April 7, 1896 – March 28, 1971) was an American businessman and investor who founded over 70 companies, including Fairchild Aviation, Fairchild Industries, and Fairchild Camera and Instrument. LINK - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherman_Fairchild
John "Jack" Vernon Elliot (1893 - 1964), was a pilot in the western Ontario area providing passenger service and flights for thrill seekers in the early 1920's. By 1925, he had his own flying school and by purchasing partially completed aircraft, managed to complete his own aircraft. LINK - www.semiofficials.ca/elliot_1.html
A Mobius Patterns IFS fractal formed from a set of Mobius transformations.
Created using the Fractal Science Kit fractal generator. See www.fractalsciencekit.com/ for details.
The method used to produce this image is based on information in the book "Indra's Pearls - The Vision of Felix Klein" by David Mumford, Caroline Series, and David Wright. For additional details, see David Wright's "Indra's Pearls" site (klein.math.okstate.edu/IndrasPearls/).
Form 5 Confirmation Mass 2021
English session 1
16 Confirmants
Celebrated by Father Andrew Wong
F5Confirmation: Anointing with Chrism Oil
Eugene Siow Jing Herng
Le long des quais, les commentaires vont bon train, sur les skippers, leur âge, leur parcours ou sur les bateaux, leur taille, leur forme, leur couleur... Regards de quelques visiteurs, croisés hier.
Leur bateau préféré
« Les Ultimes m'impressionnent. Surtout les deux en dehors des bassins. » Le Spindrift 2, de Yann Guichard et Banque populaire, avec Loïck Peyron. « Pour leurs dimensions et leurs prouesses technologiques surtout, poursuit Stéphanie Weisz, qui a eu la chance de monter sur l'un d'entre eux. Tout est informatisé. »
Mais à y réfléchir, elle trouve que ces ordinateurs « enlèvent un peu de magie à la traversée. Aujourd'hui, il faut être plus ingénieur que marin au sens pur du terme. » Malgré tout, elle avoue être « moins sensible aux monocoques ».
Le trimaran de Jean-Paul Froc, Groupe Berto, rappelle de bons souvenirs à Maurice Legall, qui suit la Route du Rhum depuis plus de quarante ans. « Ce bateau est le même que l'Olympus de Mike Birch, qui a gagné la première transat, en 1978. »
Dans la catégorie Rhum, il ne sera pas le seul, puisqu'un autre sister-ship prendra le départ, dimanche prochain : Charlie Capelle sur Acapella.
Leur skipper préféré
Maurice a du mal à choisir, entre plusieurs chouchous. « J'aime bien François Gabart, qui a gagné le dernier Vendée Globe. » Dans la catégorie beau gosse, Jean Galfione fait aussi partie de son tiercé gagnant. Mais le vainqueur est Loïc Féquet, « qui a changé depuis la dernière Route du Rhum. Il est souriant, disponible, décontracté. »
Avec son visage affiché en grand, devant son bateau, le long des quais, Nils Boyer a les faveurs de Catherine, la cinquantaine, de Miniac-Morvan. « Il est jeune et déjà un beau parcours. Il a du mérite de partir sur ce bateau, si fin. Mais il est très beau. Cela me rappelle les premiers concurrents de la transat. »
Stéphanie, elle, n'a d'yeux que pour Jean Galfione. « C'est mon skipper préféré. Je l'ai suivi en tant que perchiste et maintenant, en tant que navigateur. »
Leur couleur préférée
« J'aime tous les bateaux bleus, dit spontanément Élise Caron, 11 ans, en vacances avec sa famille. Ils me font tout de suite penser à la mer. » Sa maman est d'accord avec elle. « On a les mêmes goûts. »
En deuxième choix, elle penche vers les jaunes. « Ils sont vifs, gais. » Quant à sa soeur, Marine, elle a un petit faible pour le noir, Let's go, de Nils Boyer. « En plus, il est très beau, avec son petit Marsupilami, accroché à la voile. »
Un peu plus loin, face au bassin Vauban, Valérie a les yeux grands ouverts devant le Maître Jacques, de Loïc Féquet. « En fait, j'aime tous les bateaux avec du rouge, comme celui de Lionel Le Monchois ou Jérémie Bayou. Au moins, ils ne passent pas inaperçus. » (OF)
La célèbre course transatlantique va occuper l'actualité pendant plusieurs jours. Alors, pour ceux qui ne connaissent rien à la voile, autant se mettre dans le bain tout de suite !
Pourquoi ? Comment ?
Quel est le principe de la Route du Rhum ?
Les skippers traversent l'Atlantique en solitaire. Ils partent du nord de la pointe du Grouin, près de Saint-Malo, et rejoignent Pointe-à-Pitre, en Guadeloupe. Ils sont libres de choisir leur parcours, mais ont toutefois quelques règles à respecter au moment où ils franchissent le Cap Fréhel, dans les Côtes-d'Armor, puis à leur arrivée en Guadeloupe. Ils parcourent en tout 3 542 milles (soit un peu plus de 6 559 km).
Depuis quand la course existe-t-elle ?
Le top départ de la première édition de Route du Rhum a été donné le 6 novembre 1978. Elle a été créée par Michel Etevenon. Elle est, aujourd'hui, organisée par la société Pen Duick et se déroule tous les quatre ans. La course fête cette année sa 10e édition.
Quels bateaux y participent ?
L'épreuve est ouverte aux multicoques et aux monocoques. Ils sont répartis en cinq catégories en fonction leur longueur. « Les Ultimes sont des trimarans. Ce sont les plus grands et les plus rapides de la course. Leur taille varie entre 23 et 38 mètres, explique Jacques Andrieux, directeur de l'école de voile de Bon Secours, à Saint-Malo. Les Imoca ont tous la même taille, soit 18,60 m. On les appelle les 60 pieds. C'est le type de bateau du Vendée Globe. On retrouve ensuite les Multi 50, des bateaux de 50 pieds, puis les Class 40, la grosse flotte de la course. Ils mesurent 12,50 m (40 pieds). Enfin, il y a les Rhum, qui n'entrent dans aucune autre catégorie et doivent mesurer au minimum 11,88 m (39 pieds). »
Combien de skippers prennent le départ ?
Quatre-vingt-onze navigateurs largueront les amarres pour cette nouvelle édition. Le plus jeune skipper est le Malouin Paul Hignard (bateau Bruneau), âgé de 19 ans. Le doyen de la course, lui, est âgé de... 75 ans ! C'est l'anglais Robin Knox-Johnston (bateau Grey Power).
Que gagnent-ils ?
Les prix sont répartis selon la catégorie de bateau. De 50 000 € à 12 500 € pour le trio de tête en Ultimes ; de 12 000 € à 6 000 € pour les Multi 50 ; de 23 000 € à 13 000 € pour les Imoca ; de 7 800 € à 4 500 € pour les Class 40 ; et de 8 000 € à 4 000 € pour les Rhum.
Quel est le record de la course ?
Sept jours, dix-sept heures et dix-neuf minutes. Ce temps a été atteint par Lionel Lemonchois, en 2006. Les skippers ont trente-cinq jours maximum, après la date du départ, pour arriver à bon port.
Quels sont les grands noms du Rhum ?
« Bien sûr, il y a beaucoup de grands navigateurs, mais on peut citer Mike Birch, qui est le premier vainqueur de la Route du Rhum et Laurent Bourgnon, qui a inscrit deux fois son nom au palmarès de la course mythique, en 1994 et 1998 », poursuit Jacques Andrieux. Les femmes sont aussi de la partie : Florence Arthaud est la première femme à avoir remporté la course, en 1990, et Ellen MacArthur, dans la catégorie monocoque, en 2002. (OF)
IMPORTANT
All my 2015 pictures of Nepal are taken shortly before the heavy earthquake in April 2015! Most of these buildings are now damaged!
To me this is the real tragedy of this year!
_______________________________
Bhaktapur (Nepali: भक्तपुर), literally translates to Place of devotees. Also known as Bhadgaon or Khwopa (Newar: ख्वप Khwopa), it is an ancient Newar city in the east corner of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, about 13 km from the capital city, Kathmandu. It is located in Bhaktapur District in the Bagmati Zone.
Bhaktapur was the largest of the three Newar kingdoms of the Kathmandu Valley, and was the capital of Nepal during the great 'Malla Kingdom' until the second half of the 15th century. Today it is the third largest city in the Kathmandu Valley, with a population of more than 80,000, of which the vast majority are still Newars. Historically more isolated than the other two kingdoms, Kathmandu and Patan, Bhaktapur has a distinctly different form of Nepal Bhasa language.
Bhaktapur has the best preserved palace courtyards and old city center in Nepal, and is listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO for its rich culture, temples, and wood, metal and stone artworks. This is supported by the restoration and preservation efforts of German-funded Bhaktapur Development Project (BDP).
The city is famous for special type of curd called "Ju Ju(king) dhau(curd). It is experienced by the curd makers that the taste of curd prepared in this location cannot be found elsewhere all over Nepal.
ETYMOLOGY
KHWOPA is the ancient name of Bhaktapur. The term "Bhaktapur" (Sanskrit/Nepali: भक्तपुर) refers to "The City Of Devotees". This Bhaktapur City is also known as "Khwopa" (Nepal Bhasa: ख्वप) or "Bhadgaon" (Nepali:भादगाँउ) or "Ancient Newari Town" throughout the Kathmandu Valley. "Kh0apa" actually refers to the masks which are believed to have been worn by gods and goddesses. Bhaktapur is popular for different forms of mask dances based on lives of different deities and therefore, it was named "Khwapa" which later came to become just "Khwopa," which is also near to meaning masks.
HISTORY
It is the home of traditional art and architecture, historical monuments and craft works, magnificent windows, pottery and weaving industries, excellent temples, beautiful ponds, rich local customs, culture, religion, festivals, musical mystic and so on. Bhaktapur is still an untouched as well as preserved ancient city that is itself a world to explore for tourists.
From time immemorial it lay on the trade route between Tibet and India. This position on the main caravan route made the town rich and prosperous.
DEMOGRAPHICS
At the time of the 2001 Nepal census it had a population of 72,543. The male inhabitants of this city wear a special type of cap called the Bhadgaunle Topi Nyatapola.
LANDMARKS
LAYAKU (DURBAR SQUARE)
Bhaktapur Durbar Square is a conglomeration of pagoda and shikhara-style temples, mostly dedicated to Hindu gods and goddesses grouped around a 55-window palace of brick and wood. The square is one of the most charming architectural showpieces of the valley as it highlights the ancient arts of Nepal. The golden effigies of the kings perched on the top of stone monoliths, the guardian deities looking out from their sanctuaries, the wood carvings in every place — struts, lintels, uprights, tympanums, gateways and windows — all seem to form a well-orchestrated symphony.
The royal palace was originally situated at Dattaraya square and was only later moved to the Durbar square location. The square in Bhaktapur was severely damaged by an earthquake in 1934 and hence appears more spacious than the ones at Kathmandu and Patan.
NYATAPOLA TEMPLE
Nyatapola Temple is a 5-story pagoda located in Bhaktapur, Nepal. The temple was erected by Nepali King Bhupatindra Malla during a 5-month period from late 1701 into 1702. It is the temple of Siddha Laxmi, the Hindu goddess of prosperity.
BHAIRAB NATH TEMPLE
This is another pagoda temple of lord Bhairab, the dreadful aspect of Lord Shiva. It stands a short distance away from the temple of Nyatapola and was originally constructed by King Jagat Jyoti Malla on a modest scale. It was later remodelled by King Bhupatindra Malla, a zealous lover of the arts, into what it is now a three-storeyed temple.
DATTATRAYA TEMPLE
The temple of Dattatraya is as old as the Palace of Fifty-five Windows. Consecrated by King Yakshya Malla in 1427 AD, this temple, according to popular belief, was built out of the trunk of a single tree. It was subsequently repaired and renovated by King Vishwa Malla in 1458 AD.
Just beside temple is a monastery (Math) with exquisitely carved peacock windows. These famous windows were carved during the reign of King Vishwa Malla. The monastery is full of artistic facades of latticed windows and engraved columns.
CHANGU NARAYAN TEMPLE
Changu Narayan is an ancient Hindu temple located near the village of Changunarayan in the Kathmandu Valley on top of a hill at the eastern end of the valley. It is 6 kilometres to the north of Bhakathapur and 22 kilometres from Kathmandu. The temple is one of the oldest Hindu temples of the valley, and is believed to have been constructed first in the 4th century. Changu Narayan is the name of Vishnu, and the temple is dedicated to him. A stone slab discovered in the vicinity of the temple dates to the 5th century, and is the oldest such stone inscription discovered in Nepal. It was rebuilt after the old temple was devastated. Many stone sculptures here date to the Licchavi period. Changu Narayan Temple is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
The temple is a double-roofed structure where the idol of Lord Vishnu in his incarnation as Narayana is deified. The exquisitely built temple has intricate roof struts showing multi-armed Tantric deities. A kneeling image of Garuda (dated to the 5th century), the vahana or vehicle of Vishnu with a snake around its neck, faces the temple. The gilded door depicts stone lions guarding the temple. Gilded windows also flank the door. A conch and a disc, symbols of Vishnu, are carved on the two pillars at the entrance. Non-Hindus are not allowed inside the temple.
TA PUKHA (SIDDHA POKHARI)
Ta Pukhu (Siddha Pokhari) is a big rectangular water pond near the main city gate. It was built during the reign of King Yakshya Malla in the early 15th century and is associated with a number of myths. From this spot a wide range of snowy peaks are visible on clear days.
KAILASHNATH MAHADEV STATUE
Kailashnath Mahadev is the World's Tallest Lord Shiva statue. The height of this statue is 143 feet high and is situated 20 km from Kathmandu, epal. The statues construction work was started in 2004 and was completed in 2012. The statue's inauguration took place on the 21st of June '12. This statue stands on the 32nd position in the list of all statues by height in the whole world. It has been made of copper, cement, zinc, and steel. To make this gigantic structure possible there were many professional workers and statue makers from India.
FESTIVAL
Bhaktapur is also known as city of festivals and celebrations. The city celebrates festivals each month starting from new year festival to the Holi puni at the end of the year.
- Bisket Jatra (New year festival)
This ancient annual festival of bhaktapur takes place at the New Year of the Bikram Sambat calendar. A few days before the New Year, usually at Chaitra 27 or Chaitra 28, if 31 days in month, the goddess 'bhadrakali' and the god 'bhairab' are enshrined in their raths, or immense chariots & pulled through the narrow streets of Bhaktapur by crowds of young men.
The chariots rest at certain time-honored places in the city and people come out to throw offerings of flower, rice, coins and red sindur powder. On the last day of the old year a towering wooden pole known as ' lyesing dha: or lingo' is erected at the edge of town. Long banners hang from the pole, symbolizing snakes - Nag and nagini. On new year's day, the erected pole is brought down symbolizing victory over evil! People enjoy New year day along with victory over evils. On baisakh 5, the chariot is again pulled to narrow street of bhaktapur and brought to its origin place, Taumadhi square marking end of Bisket Jatra.
- Kumar Khasti (Sithi Nakha)
Before modern piping system, wells and kuwas were the basis for water supply in bhaktapur. In this auspicious day, people clean wells and worship Naag favoring good fall in monsoon. They celebrate by eating delicious delicacy like bara and chatamari.
- Gathamaga charya
Gathamaga is made up of straw that symbols a devil. Locals make gathamaga in their locality and burn fire to remove devils of their locality. It is also said that mosquitos loses its one leg in this day.
- Sa: Paaru (Gai Jatra)
The celebration of Gai Jatra Bhaktapur is interesting among Kathmandu and Lalitpur. In this day, Tall bamboo poles wrapped in cloth and topped horn of straw and an umbrella is carried around the town in memory of dead. The photo of dead is hung in this pole called Ta macha.
Also a colorful procession known as Ghing tang gishi is main attraction of this festival. People enjoy and dance in beats of music and play with stick in accordance to the beat. People decorate themselves in mask, paints and even in female outfits.
GUNLA
Gunla is the name of 10th month of Nepal Era calendar. It is sacred month dedicated to Lord Buddha celebrated in Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur.
But In Bhaktapur, last day of Gunla Panchadan is celebrated differently. The Five Buddhas are brought to Taumadhi square accompanied with Gunla Baja, a special musical instrument played only in Gunla and Buddhas are rounded around bhaktapur town.
- Pulu Kisi (Indra Jatra)
The son of Lord of heaven, is believed to have been kidnapped by a devil named Maisasur who then tied Indra's son in a pole and killed. Indra was shocked to hear his son's death and sent an elephant, pulukisi to find and kill Maisasur. But legend says Pulukisi couldn't find maisur till date. This jatra is a play to that legendary story where pulu kisi is rounded the town to search for Maisasur.
- Sithi Nakha
In Bhaktapur a palanquin with an image of the hindu goddess Bhagawati is carried in colorful procession through Nyatapol square this day.
- Dhanya purnima (Yomari purnima)
In this day Farmers of Kathmandu valley worship to Annapurna, the Goddess of grains, for good rice harvest and enjoy feast after all the hard work of the season. Yomari is the chief item on the menu in this day. So is called Yomari puni.
- Maghe sankranti (Ghya-chaku sankranti) (Makar Sankranti)
This festival marks the winter solstice and Newars partake of a feast. The days special menu include butter (ghyu), molasses (chaku) and yam.
In Bhaktapur, on this auspicious day samyak Dan is performed by Buddhist. The shakyas and Bajracharya gather in a samyak ground near Napukhu pond accompanied with panchabuddhas and samyak buddhas. They are offered chaku balls and rice. Bhaktapur is the only one in valley that conducts samyak Dan once in a year.
SHREE PANCHAMI
People regard this day as propitious day for starting new enterprise. Devotee throng Devi shrine to seek blessing. In Bhaktapur, People visit Sashwo:dega in this auspicious day where the idol of Buddhist deity Mahamanjushree is kept. Hindus regard it as saraswoti and worship whereas Buddhist worship it as Manjushree.
IN POPULARE CULTURE
Portions of the movie Little Buddha starring Keanu Reeves and Bridget Fonda were filmed in the Bhaktapur Durbar Square.
2015 EARTHQUAKE
The Magnitude 7.8 2015 Nepal earthquake that struck on 25 April 2015 damaged 116 heritages in the historic town of Bhaktapur. Of them, 67 were completely damaged while 49 suffered from partial damages. The quake has badly damaged the Durbar square, a significant heritage site included in the UNESCO world heritage list. The main premises of Taleju Temple here also witnessed damages in the disaster.
The building of the municipality office, temples of Rameshwor, Batsala, Narayan, Siddilaxmi, Biswaroopa, Siddiganesh, Sweetbhairav, Siva Mahadev, Degaina, sattal, pati and pujari mathas were damaged by the quake.
The reconstruction and new construction of the damaged heritages will cost over Rs 293 million, underlining the need of starting the renovation soon.
The Magnitude 8.4 (1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake) demolished several buildings that were never rebuilt, however they can be seen in the earlier drawings. Chyasilin Mandap has been rebuilt.
WIKIPEDIA
I felt weirdly Dr Zhivago-ish today. And maybe a little overdressed for the Toronto's Santa Claus Parade. But whatever.
Dress- Joe Fresh
Jacket - H&M (about 12 years ago!)
Faux fur scarf - Dunnes
Tights - Primark
Boots - Duo
¿Las lágrimas del campo crean mantos de oro?
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Los sistemas de pivote central riegan superficies de grandes dimensiones, de forma circular. De esta forma el aprovechamiento de la tierra es parcial, siempre quedan, entre las áreas irrigadas otras àreas sin acceso al agua. Se usan, por lo tanto, en sitios donde el agua es un factor fuertemente limitante. Es un sistema que se adapta a las ondulaciones del terreno, sin embargo unos de los problemas que presenta es que a mayor distancia del pivote el agua regada es menor, esto se ha solucionado de dos formas; poniendo aspersores variables a distancias variables y sobre todo con las nuevas tecnologías en aspersores El 98 % del mercado mundial de riego por Pivote son de accionamiento electrico ya que presentan menores costos de inversion por hectarea regada sobre todo en la parte de obras para provision de energía. A titulo comparativo podemos citar la diferencias en consumos de energía entre los pivotes electricos y los hidráulicos En los primeros para un equipo de 80 Has el consumo esta en el orden de los 7 Kva mientras que los hidráulicos demandan 18 Kva. Esta diferencia importante en la potencia requerida para accionar un sistema u otro, en terminos de gastos, significan más de U$S 5000 en energía anual para moverse lo que desalienta el uso de los accionamientos hidráulicos En cuanto a los cultivos que se pueden regar con los sistemas de Pivote Central, y en base a la experiencia del mercado de riego de Argentina, donde la empresa Valley tiene más del 86 % de la superficie irrigada, los mismos son maiz,soja,trigo,algodón,mani,papa,girasol,alfalfa,sorgo,pasturas naturales,etc La poca o escasa resistencia de los equipos hidraulicos a la corrosion ha consolidado el uso de pivotes Valley ya que la totalidad de sus componentes pueden resistir el uso de agentes quimicos como el UAN (N liquido) , Urea y acido fosforico.
Wikipedia (La encarta que no hace falta descargarse)
The Himalayas or Himalaya (/ˌhɪməˈleɪ.ə/ or /hɪˈmɑːləjə/) is a mountain range in the Indian subcontinent, which separates the Indo-Gangetic Plain from the Tibetan Plateau. Geopolitically, it covers the Himalayan states and regions. This range is home to nine of the ten highest peaks on Earth, including the highest above sea level, Mount Everest. The Himalayas have profoundly shaped the cultures of South Asia. Many Himalayan peaks are sacred in Dharmic religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism.
The Himalayas are bordered on the north by the Tibetan Plateau, on the south by the Indo-Gangetic Plain, on the northwest by the Karakoram and Hindu Kush ranges and on the east by the Indian states of Sikkim, the Darjeeling district of West Bengal, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur. The Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalayas together form the "Hindu Kush Himalayan Region" (HKH). The western anchor of the Himalayas, Nanga Parbat, lies just south of the northernmost bend of the Indus River; the eastern anchor, Namcha Barwa, is just west of the great bend of the Yarlung Tsangpo River. The Himalayas span five countries: Nepal, India, Bhutan, China (Tibet), and Pakistan, the first three countries having sovereignty over most of the range.
Lifted by the collision of the Indian tectonic plate with the Eurasian Plate, the Himalayan range runs northwest to southeast in a 2,400-kilometre-long arc. The range varies in width from 400 kilometres in the west to 150 kilometres in the east. Besides the Greater Himalayas, there are several parallel lower ranges. The southernmost, along the northern edge of the Indian plains and reaching 1000 m in altitude, is the Sivalik Hills. Further north is a higher range, reaching 2000–3000 m, known as the Lower Himalayan Range.
Three of the world's major rivers (the Indus, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra) arise in the Himalayas. While the Indus and the Brahmaputra rise near Mount Kailash in Tibet, the Ganges rises in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. Their combined drainage basin is home to some 600 million people.
ETYMOLOGY
The name Himālaya is from Sanskrit: hima (snow) + ālaya (dwelling), and literally means "abode of snow"
ECOLOGY
The flora and fauna of the Himalayas vary with climate, rainfall, altitude, and soils. The climate ranges from tropical at the base of the mountains to permanent ice and snow at the highest elevations. The amount of yearly rainfall increases from west to east along the southern front of the range. This diversity of altitude, rainfall and soil conditions combined with the very high snow line supports a variety of distinct plant and animal communities. The extremes of high altitude (low atmospheric pressure) combined with extreme cold favor extremophile organisms.
The unique floral and faunal wealth of the Himalayas is undergoing structural and compositional changes due to climate change. The increase in temperature is shifting various species to higher elevations. The oak forest is being invaded by pine forests in the Garhwal Himalayan region. There are reports of early flowering and fruiting in some tree species, especially rhododendron, apple and box myrtle. The highest known tree species in the Himalayas is Juniperus tibetica located at 4,900 metres in Southeastern Tibet.
GEOLOGY
The Himalayan range is one of the youngest mountain ranges on the planet and consists mostly of uplifted sedimentary and metamorphic rock. According to the modern theory of plate tectonics, its formation is a result of a continental collision or orogeny along the convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The Arakan Yoma highlands in Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal were also formed as a result of this collision.
During the Upper Cretaceous, about 70 million years ago, the north-moving Indo-Australian plate (which has subsequently broken into the Indian Plate and the Australian plate) was moving at about 15 cm per year. About 50 million years ago this fast moving Indo-Australian plate had completely closed the Tethys Ocean, the existence of which has been determined by sedimentary rocks settled on the ocean floor, and the volcanoes that fringed its edges. Since both plates were composed of low density continental crust, they were thrust faulted and folded into mountain ranges rather than subducting into the mantle along an oceanic trench. An often-cited fact used to illustrate this process is that the summit of Mount Everest is made of marine limestone from this ancient ocean.
Today, the Indian plate continues to be driven horizontally below the Tibetan Plateau, which forces the plateau to continue to move upwards. The Indian plate is still moving at 67 mm per year, and over the next 10 million years it will travel about 1,500 km into Asia. About 20 mm per year of the India-Asia convergence is absorbed by thrusting along the Himalaya southern front. This leads to the Himalayas rising by about 5 mm per year, making them geologically active. The movement of the Indian plate into the Asian plate also makes this region seismically active, leading to earthquakes from time to time.
During the last ice age, there was a connected ice stream of glaciers between Kangchenjunga in the east and Nanga Parbat in the west. In the west, the glaciers joined with the ice stream network in the Karakoram, and in the north, joined with the former Tibetan inland ice. To the south, outflow glaciers came to an end below an elevation of 1,000–2,000 metres. While the current valley glaciers of the Himalaya reach at most 20 to 32 kilometres in length, several of the main valley glaciers were 60 to 112 kilometres long during the ice age. The glacier snowline (the altitude where accumulation and ablation of a glacier are balanced) was about 1,400–1,660 metres lower than it is today. Thus, the climate was at least 7.0 to 8.3 °C colder than it is today.
HYDROLOGY
The Himalayas contain the third-largest deposit of ice and snow in the world, after Antarctica and the Arctic. The Himalayan range encompasses about 15,000 glaciers, which store about 12,000 km3 of fresh water. Its glaciers include the Gangotri and Yamunotri (Uttarakhand) and Khumbu glaciers (Mount Everest region), Langtang glacier (Langtang region) and Zemu (Sikkim).
Owing to the mountains' latitude near the Tropic of Cancer, the permanent snow line is among the highest in the world at typically around 5,500 metres. In contrast, equatorial mountains in New Guinea, the Rwenzoris and Colombia have a snow line some 900 metres lower. The higher regions of the Himalayas are snowbound throughout the year, in spite of their proximity to the tropics, and they form the sources of several large perennial rivers, most of which combine into two large river systems:
- The western rivers, of which the Indus is the largest, combine into the Indus Basin. The Indus begins in Tibet at the confluence of Sengge and Gar rivers and flows southwest through India and then through Pakistan to the Arabian Sea. It is fed by the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas, and the Sutlej rivers, among others.
- Most of the other Himalayan rivers drain the Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin. Its main rivers are the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the Yamuna, as well as other tributaries. The Brahmaputra originates as the Yarlung Tsangpo River in western Tibet, and flows east through Tibet and west through the plains of Assam. The Ganges and the Brahmaputra meet in Bangladesh, and drain into the Bay of Bengal through the world's largest river delta, the Sunderbans.
The easternmost Himalayan rivers feed the Irrawaddy River, which originates in eastern Tibet and flows south through Myanmar to drain into the Andaman Sea.
The Salween, Mekong, Yangtze and Huang He (Yellow River) all originate from parts of the Tibetan Plateau that are geologically distinct from the Himalaya mountains, and are therefore not considered true Himalayan rivers. Some geologists refer to all the rivers collectively as the circum-Himalayan rivers. In recent years, scientists have monitored a notable increase in the rate of glacier retreat across the region as a result of global climate change. For example, glacial lakes have been forming rapidly on the surface of debris-covered glaciers in the Bhutan Himalaya during the last few decades. Although the effect of this will not be known for many years, it potentially could mean disaster for the hundreds of millions of people who rely on the glaciers to feed the rivers during the dry seasons.
LAKES
The Himalayan region is dotted with hundreds of lakes. Most lakes are found at altitudes of less than 5,000 m, with the size of the lakes diminishing with altitude. Tilicho Lake in Nepal in the Annapurna massif is one of the highest lakes in the world. Pangong Tso, which is spread across the border between India and China, and Yamdrok Tso, located in central Tibet, are amongst the largest with surface areas of 700 km², and 638 km², respectively. Other notable lakes include She-Phoksundo Lake in the Shey Phoksundo National Park of Nepal, Gurudongmar Lake, in North Sikkim, Gokyo Lakes in Solukhumbu district of Nepal and Lake Tsongmo, near the Indo-China border in Sikkim.
Some of the lakes present a danger of a glacial lake outburst flood. The Tsho Rolpa glacier lake in the Rowaling Valley, in the Dolakha District of Nepal, is rated as the most dangerous. The lake, which is located at an altitude of 4,580 metres has grown considerably over the last 50 years due to glacial melting.
The mountain lakes are known to geographers as tarns if they are caused by glacial activity. Tarns are found mostly in the upper reaches of the Himalaya, above 5,500 metres.
IMPACT ON CLIMATE
The Himalayas have a profound effect on the climate of the Indian subcontinent and the Tibetan Plateau. They prevent frigid, dry winds from blowing south into the subcontinent, which keeps South Asia much warmer than corresponding temperate regions in the other continents. It also forms a barrier for the monsoon winds, keeping them from traveling northwards, and causing heavy rainfall in the Terai region. The Himalayas are also believed to play an important part in the formation of Central Asian deserts, such as the Taklamakan and Gobi.
RELIGIOUS OF THE REGION
In Hinduism, the Himalayas have been personified as the god Himavat, father of Ganga and Parvati.
Several places in the Himalayas are of religious significance in Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and Sikhism. A notable example of a religious site is Paro Taktsang, where Padmasambhava is said to have founded Buddhism in Bhutan. Padmasambhava is also worshipped as the patron saint of Sikkim.
A number of Vajrayana Buddhist sites are situated in the Himalayas, in Tibet, Bhutan and in the Indian regions of Ladakh, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Spiti and Darjeeling. There were over 6,000 monasteries in Tibet, including the residence of the Dalai Lama. Bhutan, Sikkim and Ladakh are also dotted with numerous monasteries. The Tibetan Muslims have their own mosques in Lhasa and Shigatse.
RESOURCES
The Himalayas are home to a diversity of medicinal resources. Plants from the forests have been used for millennia to treat conditions ranging from simple coughs to snake bites. Different parts of the plants - root, flower, stem, leaves, and bark - are used as remedies for different ailments. For example, a bark extract from an abies pindrow tree is used to treat coughs and bronchitis. Leaf and stem paste from an arachne cordifolia is used for wounds and as an antidote for snake bites. The bark of a callicarpa arborea is used for skin ailments. Nearly a fifth of the gymnosperms, angiosperms, and pteridophytes in the Himalayas are found to have medicinal properties, and more are likely to be discovered.
Most of the population in some Asian and African countries depend on medicinal plants rather than prescriptions and such (Gupta and Sharma, vii). Since so many people use medicinal plants as their only source of healing in the Himalayas, the plants are an important source of income. This contributes to economic and modern industrial development both inside and outside the region (Gupta and Sharma, 5). The only problem is that locals are rapidly clearing the forests on the Himalayas for wood, often illegally (Earth Island Journal, 2). This means that the number of medicinal plants is declining and that some of them might become rarer or, in some cases, go extinct.
Although locals are clearing out portions of the forests in the Himalayas, there is still a large amount of greenery ranging from the tropical forests to the Alpine forests. These forests provide wood for fuel and other raw materials for use by industries. There are also many pastures for animals to graze upon (Mohita, sec. Forest and Wealth). The many varieties of animals that live in these mountains do so based on the elevation. For example, elephants and rhinoceros live in the lower elevations of the Himalayas, also called the Terai region. Also, found in these mountains are the Kashmiri stag, black bears, musk deer, langur, and snow leopards. The Tibetan yak are also found on these mountains and are often used by the people for transportation. However, the populations of many of these animals and still others are declining and are on the verge of going extinct (Admin, sec. Flora and Fauna).
The Himalayas are also a source of many minerals and precious stones. Amongst the tertiary rocks, are vast potentials of mineral oil. There is coal located in Kashmir, and precious stones located in the Himalayas. There is also gold, silver, copper, zinc, and many other such minerals and metals located in at least 100 different places in these mountains (Mohita, sec. Minerals).
CULTURE
There are many cultural aspects of the Himalayas. For the Hindus, the Himalayas are personified as Himavath, the father of the goddess Parvati (Gupta and Sharma, 4). The Himalayas is also considered to be the father of the river Ganges. The Mountain Kailash is a sacred peak to the Hindus and is where the Lord Shiva is believed to live (Admin, sec. Centre of Religion). Two of the most sacred places of pilgrimage for the Hindus is the temple complex in Pashupatinath and Muktinath, also known as Saligrama because of the presence of the sacred black rocks called saligrams (Zurick, Julsun, Basanta, and Birendra, 153).
The Buddhists also lay a great deal of importance on the mountains of the Himalayas. Paro Taktsang is the holy place where Buddhism started in Bhutan (Admin, sec. Centre of Religion). The Muktinath is also a place of pilgrimage for the Tibetan Buddhists. They believe that the trees in the poplar grove came from the walking sticks of eighty-four ancient Indian Buddhist magicians or mahasiddhas. They consider the saligrams to be representatives of the Tibetan serpent deity known as Gawo Jagpa (Zurick, Julsun, Basanta, and Birendra, 153).
The Himalayan people’s diversity shows in many different ways. It shows through their architecture, their languages and dialects, their beliefs and rituals, as well as their clothing (Zurick, Julsun, Basanta, and Birendra, 78). The shapes and materials of the people’s homes reflect their practical needs and the beliefs. Another example of the diversity amongst the Himalayan peoples is that handwoven textiles display unique colors and patterns that coincide with their ethnic backgrounds. Finally, some people place a great importance on jewelry. The Rai and Limbu women wear big gold earrings and nose rings to show their wealth through their jewelry (Zurick, Julsun, Basanta, and Birendra, 79).
WIKIPEDIA
ISCTE-IUL ERASMUS Students reception 2nd semester 2013/2014 at the B2.03 Auditorium on the 28th of january 2014. IWelcome session by International Relations Office (IRO). Hugo Alexandre Cruz photography form the Image and Communication Office.
Recent wall work in slate, glass and found materials including bone and lead. Had some great tips on fb for a title....looking at something spacey/lunar/arc-ish. Still working on an overall view.
Lo bueno del material convencional formado por locomotora mas coches de viajeros es que te ofrecen la posibilidad de ir al último coche y disfrutar del paisaje de una manera distinta. En mi caso, la foto está hecha dentro del coche literas serie 9600 del estrella Costa Brava donde se podía contemplar el amanecer mientras el tren llegaba a Barcelona. Al mismo tiempo, nos cruzamos con un mercancías al que rápidamente saqué la cámara para poder tomarle una foto y esto es lo que salió.
With the vacuum cleaner running, push the frame and the hot plastic down onto the mould until the frame seals against the weather stripping -- and BAM, the plastic slams down onto the mould.
Turn off the vacuum and give the plastic a minute to cool.
Hey, this thing works pretty good. I got a couple ideas of stuff to make with it now, like custom model boat hulls, or maybe a storm trooper costume...