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Birds. Steppe Buzzard. Hluhluwe–Imfolozi Park. South Africa. Dec/2019
Steppe Buzzard
B. b. vulpinus: The steppe buzzard breeds as far west as eastern Sweden, in the southern two-thirds of Finland, eastern Estonia, much of Belarus and the Ukraine, eastward to the northern Caucacus, northern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, much of Russia to Altai and south-central Siberia, Tien Shan in China and western Mongolia. B. b. vulpinus is a long-distance migrant. It winters largely in much of eastern and southern Africa. Less frequently and often very discontinuously, steppe buzzards winter in the southern peninsulas of Europe, Arabia and southwestern India in addition to some parts of southeastern Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. In the open country favoured on the wintering grounds, steppe buzzards are often seen perched on roadside telephone poles. It at one time was considered a separate species due to differences in size, form, colouring and behaviour (especially in regards to migratory behaviour) but is genetically indistinct from nominate buzzards. Furthermore, the steppe buzzard engages in extensive interbreeding with the nominate race, mudding typical characteristics of both races. The zone of integration runs from Sweden and Finland through Eastern Europe, including any part of the overlapping ranges in the Baltic states, western Ukraine and eastern Romania. At times, the fertile hybrids of these two races have been erroneously proposed as races such as B. b. intermedius or B. b. zimmermannae. Intergrade buzzard are commonest where the grey-brown type of pale morphs of vulpinus are predominant.[2][24] Steppe buzzards are usually distinctly smaller, with relatively longer wings and tail for their size, and thus often appear swifter and more agile in flight than nominate buzzards whose wing beats can look slower and clumsier. Typically their length is around 45 to 50 cm (18 to 20 in) while wingspan of males average 113 cm (3 ft 8 in) and females average 122.7 cm (4 ft 0 in).
Source: Wikipedia
Bútio-de-estepes
B. vulpinus: O Bútio-de-estepes se reproduz até o oeste da Suécia, nos dois terços do sul da Finlândia, no leste da Estônia, em grande parte da Bielorrússia e na Ucrânia, no leste do norte do Caucacus, no norte do Cazaquistão, no Quirguistão, na Rússia e na Altai e no sul. Sibéria central, Tien Shan na China e na Mongólia ocidental. B. vulpinus é um migrante de longa distância. Invernam em grande parte na maior parte do leste e sul da África. No campo aberto preferido pelas áreas de inverno, Os Bútios-de-estepes são frequentemente vistos empoleirados nos postes telefônicos na estrada.
Os Bútios-de-estepes são geralmente nitidamente menores, com asas e cauda relativamente mais longas para o seu tamanho e, portanto, costumam parecer mais rápidos e ágeis em vôo do que espécies similares. Normalmente, o comprimento é de cerca de 45 a 50 cm, enquanto a envergadura dos machos mede 113 cm e as fêmeas, 122,7 cm.
Fonte: Wikipedia (tradução livre)
Hluhluwe–Imfolozi Park
Hluhluwe–Imfolozi Park, formerly Hluhluwe–Umfolozi Game Reserve, is the oldest proclaimed nature reserve in Africa. It consists of 960 km² (96,000 ha) of hilly topography 280 kilometres (170 mi) north of Durban in central KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and is known for its rich wildlife and conservation efforts. The park is the only state-run park in KwaZulu-Natal where each of the big five game animals can be found
Due to conservation efforts, the park in 2008 had the largest population of white rhino in the world
Umfolozi
This area is situated between the two Umfolozi Rivers where they divide into the Mfolozi emnyama ('Black Umfolozi') to the north and the Mfolozi emhlophe ('White Umfolozi') to the south. This area is to the south of the park and is generally hot in summer, and mild to cool in winter, although cold spells do occur. The topography in the Umfolozi section ranges from the lowlands of the Umfolozi River beds to steep hilly country, which includes some wide and deep valleys. Habitats in this area are primarily grasslands, which extend into acacia savannah and woodlands.
Hluhluwe
The Hluhluwe region has hilly topography where altitudes range from 80 to 540 metres (260 to 1,770 ft) above sea level. The high ridges support coastal scarp forests in a well-watered region with valley bushveld at lower levels. The north of the park is more rugged and mountainous with forests and grasslands and is known as the Hluhluwe area,[3] while the Umfolozi area is found to the south near the Black and White Umfolozi rivers where there is open savannah.
Source: Wikipedia
Parque Hluhluwe–Imfolozi
O Parque Hluhluwe – Imfolozi, anteriormente Reserva de Caça Hluhluwe – Umfolozi, é a mais antiga reserva natural proclamada da África. Consiste em 960 km² (96.000 ha) de topografia montanhosa a 280 quilômetros (170 milhas) ao norte de Durban, no centro de KwaZulu-Natal, África do Sul e é conhecida por seus ricos esforços de vida selvagem e conservação. O parque é o único parque estatal em KwaZulu-Natal, onde cada um dos cinco grandes animais de caça pode ser encontrado.
Devido aos esforços de conservação, o parque em 2008 teve a maior população de rinocerontes brancos do mundo
Umfolozi
Essa área está situada entre os dois rios Umfolozi, onde se dividem no Mfolozi emnyama ('Black Umfolozi') ao norte e o Mfolozi emhlophe ('White Umfolozi') ao sul. Essa área fica ao sul do parque e geralmente é quente no verão, e temperatura amena no inverno, embora ocorram períodos de frio. A topografia na seção de Umfolozi varia desde as planícies do leito do rio Umfolozi até a região montanhosa íngreme, que inclui alguns vales largos e profundos. Os habitats nesta área são principalmente pradarias, que se estendem até a savana de acácias e bosques.
Hluhluwe
A região de Hluhluwe possui topografia montanhosa, onde as altitudes variam de 80 a 540 metros (260 a 1.770 pés) acima do nível do mar. As altas cordilheiras sustentam florestas costeiras escarpadas em uma região bem regada, com vales em níveis mais baixos. O norte do parque é mais acidentado e montanhoso, com florestas e campos e é conhecido como a área de Hluhluwe, enquanto a área de Umfolozi fica ao sul, perto dos rios Umfolozi, onde há savanas abertas.
Fonte: Wikipedia (tradução livre)
This statue is one of hundreds at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas.
If you would like a print of this photo, go to:
fineartamerica.com/featured/the-male-form-paul-mashburn.html
The beautiful white form of this now nationally rare wet meadow flower. Unusually it is in the majority at this reserve. Other shots below show the extent of them on the reserve. Upper Waterhay, Wiltshire Wildlife Trust Reserve, Nr. Cricklade, Wiltshire, UK. 2017-04-10.
Collaboration with Nadya Prilutskaya
www.flickr.com/people/35165895@N03/
The object is made for Exhibition called "Transformation". Constructed from natural elements it shows transformation states of a tree - grass, timber, paper, ash.
Backstage Sky TG24HD una puntata con Paola Saluzzi insieme a Maurizio Zorzetto Country Manager Italia di Meetic per parlare dell'amore ai tempi della rete e come si formano le coppie in rete. In onda su Sky TG24
via Blogger ipmanmovie.blogspot.com/2016/06/black-flag-wing-chun-wing...
#Ip Man Movie, #Black Flag Wing Chun Movie, #Wing Chun Kung fu, #Wing Chun Technique, #Wing Chun Video, #Wing Chun Training, #Wing Chun Forms, #Wing Chun Dummy, #Wing Chun Schools, #Yim Wing Chun, #Ip Man Wing Chun
Cross-bedded quartzite in the Precambrian of Wisconsin, USA.
The Baraboo Ranges of southern Wisconsin are dominated by a hard, erosion-resistant Precambrian metamorphic unit called the Baraboo Quartzite. These rocks were originally marine sandstones and have been subjected to metamorphism and structural folding. Original sedimentary structures are preserved, such as cross-bedding and ripple marks. Baraboo Quartzites vary in color from pinkish to dark reddish to grayish. During metamorphism, quartz overgrowths formed over the original quartz sand grains. Long-term, modern weathering can result in original sand grains being released.
This unit has economic significance - it has been quarried historically and in modern times. The quartzite is broken down into gravel-sized pieces for use as railroad ballast and erosion-control rip-rap.
The tilted layers shown above are cross-bedding, formed in a one-directional current by wind or water (in this case, water).
Stratigraphy: Baraboo Quartzite, upper Paleoproterozoic, ~1.7 Ga
Locality: Tumbled Rocks Trail, northwestern margin of Devil's Lake, Devil's Lake State Park, northern part of the South Range of the Baraboo Ranges, southeast of the town of Baraboo, eastern Sauk County, southern Wisconsin, USA (43° 25' 34.34" North, 89° 44' 06.56" West)
Skogafoss und Kvernufoss, zwei Seiten von Wasserfällen. Mächtig und laut, oder spectakulär in der Form und Zugang.
I handmade this ring using fold forming techniques but with random folds so they would not come out too symmetrical. I also fused silver in the middle of the blossoms to add some color contrast and texture. The blossoms were soldered to the ends of a sterling silver wire and then wrapped to form this unique ring.
This photo was so fun to shoot, even though it killed my eyes. I was shooting directly at a bulb when it was lit. Also, it was not taken in a dark room. I turned my ISO WAY up to get this photo.
I chose this for form because one can really see the 3-D aspect of the bulb. Even though it is the source of light, there are shadows on the edges and the bottom. The bulb itself is a little dusty, and I really liked that because it looked natural. I took several shots of this object, but this was the first one and I liked it the most. In photoshop, I adjusted the color a little bit to make the bulb a little darker and sharpened it around the edges.
Handheld long exposure at night. The cars are moving very fast so all is left behind is the beautiful forms left behind of their headlights.
Here you also see more elongated signage on the road intended for drivers. In Hong Kong, signage on the road is typical, and one can reason that it is a lot safer this way to keep the drivers’ eyes on the road instead of up above.
# SML Data
+ Date: 2013-03-17 21:12:33 GMT+0800
+ Dimensions: 3408 x 5112
+ Exposure: 6.0 sec at f/10
+ Focal Length: 17 mm
+ ISO: 100
+ Flash: Did not fire
+ Camera: Canon EOS 7D
+ Lens: Canon EF 17-40mm f/4L USM
+ GPS: 22°16'44" N 114°10'15" E
+ Altitude: 79.0 m
+ Location: 中國香港灣仔告士打道和分域街交界 Intersection at Fenwick Street and Gloucester Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong, China
+ Serial: SML.20130317.7D.35433.BW
+ Workflow: Lightroom 4
+ Series: 人流 Human Logistics, 形 Forms, 黑白 Black and White
“夜間快車告士打道 Nighttime Fast Track Gloucester Road” / 香港人流之形 Hong Kong Human Logistics Forms / SML.20130317.7D.35433.BW
/ #人流 #HumanLogistics #形 #Forms #SMLForms #黑白 #BW #SMLBW #CCBY #SMLPhotography #SMLUniverse #SMLProjects
/ #中國 #中国 #China #香港 #HongKong #攝影 #摄影 #photography #城市 #Urban #街 #Street #灣仔 #Wanchai #夜 #Night
2020_06_19. Sevilla.- El presidente Juanma Moreno ha presidido la reunión del Consejo de Gobierno, que se ha reunido de manera extraordinaria y ha aprobado un decreto-ley que mantendrá la vigencia de los procesos en curso aprobados durante el estado de alarma hasta la completa finalización de los mismos. Esta medida se toma con el objetivo de adecuar el régimen de vigencias establecido para algunas de las medidas aprobadas y siempre en aras de la pervivencia del principio de seguridad jurídica.
El domingo 21 de junio finaliza el estado de alarma, momento al que se vinculaba la vigencia de muchas de las medidas aprobadas. Sin embargo, dada la evolución de la crisis sanitaria y del impacto que la misma está causando a nivel económico y social, se ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de mantener la vigencia de algunas de las medidas excepcionales que se prevén en las normas que se han venido aprobando desde la declaración del citado estado.
La prolongación de las medidas adoptadas se adecúa, en unos casos, a fechas o momentos ligados a la finalización de los procedimientos que actualmente se encuentran en ejecución, y, en otros, a la crisis sanitaria, cuya finalización será objeto de declaración expresa por el Gobierno de la Nación, conforme a lo dispuesto en el artículo 2 del citado Real Decreto 21/2020, de 9 de junio.
Este decreto-ley se articula, fundamentalmente, a través de dos disposiciones: una cláusula general de pervivencia del régimen jurídico aplicable a todas aquellas medidas en las que los procedimientos se encuentren en tramitación a la fecha de finalización del estado de alarma el próximo 21 de junio, y otra por la que se sustituyen todas las referencias ligadas a la emergencia o alerta sanitaria, por la utilizada en el RD 21/2020, de 9 de junio de finalización de crisis sanitaria. Por último, se añaden modificaciones de forma expresa la vigencia concreta de determinadas medidas, propuestas por determinadas consejerías. Han comparecido el consejero de Presidencia Elías Bendodo y el consejero Jesús Aguirre, titular de la consejería de Salud y Familias.
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Fotografía oficial de la Junta de Andalucía, se pone a disposición solamente para su publicación por las organizaciones de noticias y/o para la impresión de uso personal por parte del sujeto (s) de la fotografía. La fotografía no puede ser manipulada de ninguna manera y no se puede utilizar en materiales comerciales o políticos, los anuncios, productos, promociones que de alguna manera sugieran aprobación o respaldo de la Junta de Andalucía.
When I first wrote about Form vs Function, I used my lighters as an example.
We spent this past weekend with Jim & Carol, and while we were there Jim gave me this Buck 110 knife (top). It's a classic that set the pattern for folding knives to come.
The pros on the Buck are obvious, it's looks and function, it is a thing of beauty, and it works. The cons are its weight and (for me) the lack of a clip. I like my knife clipped into my pocket.
The middle knife is my trusty Swiss Navy Knife. It's great, and again the wear on it hints at its history of many years of everyday use. As much as I love it, I hate its serrated blade, and it doesn't have a clip to hold it in my pocket - hence the lanyard. I've lost it in a lake once, and that's to make sure it doesn't happen again.
My everyday carry was the Milwaukee Fastback (bottom). It's a fantastic workhorse, and inexpensive to boot. It's a knife you can afford to abuse and lose. The wear on the opening button gives testimony to its constant use.
I say that the Milwaukee 'was' my everyday carry. That is because I have a request in for a lightweight multitool, and I now have the Buck.
I've picked a multitool with a titanium frame, and a straight blade. It is light. It doesn't include a marline spike, tweezers, or tooth pick (more's the pity) - which the Swiss Navy Knife does, but I reckon I can manage without those in favor of pliers and cutters. The multitool does have a clip, so It'll sit nicely in my pocket. And to my eye it looks good too.
Coming back to Form vs Function. The Navy Knife beats the Milwaukee and Buck hands down. Depending on my needs, it also beats the knife (multitool) I want to get. But, for everyday carry I want a straight blade and pocket clip - the Swiss Navy Knife has neither.
The Buck just feels right, and wood and brass wins out over a plastic grip plastic any day. I can forgive the lack of a pocket clip for the Buck's great looks and wonderful feel.
For the moment the Milwaukee Fastback and Swiss Navy Knife will be consigned to sitting on a shelf. When I get my multitool, it will become my everyday carry, and the Buck will get pride of place on my desk, and when I'm out backpacking or hiking it'll accompany me in my pack . But until I get the multitool the Buck will be my Everyday Carry.
June 19, 2017 | www.breakfastinamerica.me | Copyright © 2017 Gary Allman, all rights reserved
•Está formado por los restos de una posada y un trazado viario en el que se encontró cerámica y monedas
•Por las excavaciones se sabe que el establecimiento tuvo una etapa de esplendor en torno al siglo IV d.C.
Formado em 2000, o JAM Project é um grupo de cantores japoneses especializados em temas de animês (desenhos animados), tokusatsus (séries live-action) e jogos de videogames japoneses. É o principal expoente do gênero.
O objetivo do grupo é preservar as características originais do gênero musical, que desde a década de 90 tem a interferência do marketing da indústria fonográfica, envolvendo artistas do pop-rock japonês.
A formação atual é composta por Hironobu Kageyama, Masaaki Endoh, Masami Okui, Yoshiki Fukuyama, Hiroski Kitadani e Ricardo Cruz.
Concrete construction in Venezuela using aluminum concrete formwork. For more information on formwork visit www.wallties.com
© De alguna forma ella quería que en la foto se viera la altura y el lugar en donde estábamos.
En el flickr de Vania podrán ver más de sus fotografías.
The Jewish Square, Vienna 1, formed in the Middle Ages under the name of "schoolyard" the center of the former Jewish Town, extending next to the Ducal court. It was closed from the rest of the city by four gates. Here there were school, bathhouse, synagogue and the house of the rabbi. The school was one of the most important of German-speaking countries. The community existed from about 1190 to the Vienna Geserah in 1421.
The stemming from the 15th century Jordan House, Nr. 2, bears a late Gothic relief with the representation of Jesus' baptism in the Jordan. This is not only a reference to the name of the house owner, Jörg Jordan, but also to the Vienna Geserah which the accompanying text endorses. On the initiative of Cardinal Christoph Schönborn, the Archdiocese of Vienna donated a plaque which Cardinal Franz König on 29 October 1998 unveiled. Its text reads: "Kiddush HaShem" means "sanctification of God". With this awareness, chose Viennese Jews in the synagogue here on Jewish Square - the center of an important Jewish community - at the time of persecution 1420/21 the suicide to escape a feared by them forced baptism. Others, about 200, were burnt alive in Erdberg (today 3rd district of Vienna) at the stake. Christian preachers of that time spread superstitious anti-Jewish ideas and thus incited against the Jews and their faith. So influenced, Christians in Vienna acquiesced without resistance, approved it and became perpetrators. Thus, the liquidation of the Vienna Jewish Town in 1421 was already a looming omen for what happened in our century throughout europe during the Nazi dictatorship. Medieval popes pronounced unsuccessfully against the anti-Jewish superstition, and individual believers struggled unsuccessfully against the racial hatred of the Nazis. But those were too few. Today Christendom regrets its involvement in the persecution of Jews and recognizes its failures. "Sanctification of God" today for Christians can only mean: asking for forgiveness and hope in God's salvation. October 29, 1998
Already in 1910, consisted the plan here the poet of the Enlightenment, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729-1781), who in his play "Nathan the Wise" the interdenominational tolerance has put up a literary monument, to honor with a statue. In 1935, a sculpture by Siegfried Charoux was unveiled, but only four years later, in 1940, taken off and melted down for armaments. In 1968, the same artist created again a Lessing monument, which came first on the Morzin square and 1981 on the original site.
Since 2000, the place is a unique ensemble of remembering with the memorial by Rachel Whiteread for the 65,000 Austrian victims of the Shoah. 1995 the foundations of the in 1420 destroyed synagogue were excavated which now with finds constitute a part of the branch of the Jewish Museum Vienna. A computer-animated walk leads into one of the largest Jewish communities in Europe which existed here in the early 15th century. Another room is dedicated to the Shoah documentation.
Der Judenplatz, Wien 1, bildete im Mittelalter unter dem Namen „Schulhof“ den Mittelpunkt der einstigen Judenstadt, die sich neben dem Herzogshof erstreckte. Sie war durch vier Tore von der übrigen Stadt abgeschlossen. Hier befanden sich Schule, Badestube, Synagoge und das Haus des Rabbiners. Die Schule war eine der bedeutendsten des deutschen Sprachraums. Die Gemeinde bestand ab etwa 1190 bis zur Wiener Geserah im Jahre 1421.
Das aus dem 15. Jahrhundert stammende Jordanhaus, Nr. 2, trägt ein spätgotisches Relief mit der Darstellung der Taufe Jesu im Jordan. Dieses ist nicht nur eine Anspielung auf den Namen des Hausbesitzers, Jörg Jordan, sondern auch auf die Wiener Geserah, die der beigefügte Text gut heißt. Auf Initiative von Kardinal Christoph Schönborn stiftete die Erzdiözese Wien eine Gedenktafel, die Kardinal Franz König am 29. Oktober 1998 enthüllte. Ihr Text lautet: „Kiddusch HaSchem“ heißt „Heiligung Gottes“ Mit diesem Bewußtsein wählten Juden Wiens in der Synagoge hier am Judenplatz — dem Zentrum einer bedeutenden jüdischen Gemeinde — zur Zeit der Verfolgung 1420/21 den Freitod, um einer von ihnen befürchteten Zwangstaufe zu entgehen. Andere, etwa 200, wurden in Erdberg auf dem Scheiterhaufen lebendig verbrannt. Christliche Prediger dieser Zeit verbreiteten abergläubische judenfeindliche Vorstellungen und hetzten somit gegen die Juden und ihren Glauben. So beeinflusst nahmen Christen in Wien dies widerstandslos hin, billigten es und wurden zu Tätern. Somit war die Auflösung der Wiener Judenstadt 1421 schon ein drohendes Vorzeichen für das, was europaweit in unserem Jahrhundert während der nationalsozialistischen Zwangsherrschaft geschah. Mittelalterliche Päpste wandten sich erfolglos gegen den judenfeindlichen Aberglauben, und einzelne Gläubige kämpften erfolglos gegen den Rassenhaß der Nationalsozialisten. Aber es waren derer zu wenige. Heute bereut die Christenheit ihre Mitschuld an den Judenverfolgungen und erkennt ihr Versagen. „Heiligung Gottes“ kann heute für die Christen nur heißen: Bitte um Vergebung und Hoffnung auf Gottes Heil. 29. Oktober 1998
Schon 1910 bestand der Plan, dem Dichter der Aufklärung Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729-1781), der in seinem Stück „Nathan der Weise“hat Lessing der interkonfessionellen Toleranz ein literarisches Denkmal gesetzt hat, hier mit einem Standbild zu ehren. 1935 wurde eine Plastik von Siegfried Charoux enthüllt, doch schon vier Jahre später entfernt und 1940 für Rüstungszwecke eingeschmolzen. 1968 schuf der selbe Künstler wieder ein Lessing-Denkmal, das zunächst auf den Morzinplatz und 1981 an den ursprünglichen Aufstellungsort kam.
Seit 2000 ist der Platz ein einzigartiges Ensemble des Erinnerns mit dem Mahnmal von Rachel Whiteread für die 65.000 österreichischen Opfer der Schoa. 1995 wurden die Fundamente der 1420 zerstörten Synagoge ergraben, die nun mit Funden einen Teil der Außenstelle des Jüdischen Museums Wien ausmachen. Ein computeranimierter Spaziergang führt in eine der größten jüdischen Gemeinden Europas, die Anfang des 15. Jahrhundert hier bestand. Ein weiterer Raum ist der Schoa-Dokumentation gewidmet.
austria-forum.org/af/Wissenssammlungen/Schicksalsorte/Jud...
img 3877
Although it might look a little odd it is quite normal for the ruff of green leaves below the flower to have dissections. This late winter and early spring flowering plant quickly forms large colonies especially in alkaline soils.
Harpa, the new concert hall/opera in Reykjavik, Iceland.
You can read about the new concert hall in Reykjavik and see some pictures here: www.harpa.is/en/
Here you can see some 3-D pictures of how it will look like: www.harpa.is/en/about-us-/marketing-/3d-pictures-/
Reykjavik, Iceland. 11.06.2011.
Vendo Casa a forma gi fragola gigante di STRAWBERRY SHORTCAKE, fragolina dolcecuore anni 80.
La casa è completa di scatola ORIGINALE e tutti gli accessoti:MOBILI, CUCINA, MESTOLI, ARNESI DA GIARDINAGGIO, FRAGOLE, CESTO X GIARDINAGGIO, INNAFFIATOIO.
Se si preme la mega foglia sopra le fragole, sembrerà che sta ctescendo la piantina poichè ha un meccanisco a pompetta.
Dimensioni chiuse: 30cm x 15cm
Dimensioni aperte: 30cm x 50cm
E' perfetta:non manca nulla.
Le bamboline sono sono mai state incluse e infatti non le ho mai avute per mia sfortuna
Prezzo € 60 (accetto pagamento postepay)
Spedizione a carico dell'acquirente:spedisco con Pacco Celere 3 €9.90 oppure o comunque accetto altri metodi di spedizione su vostra richiestavendo casa a forma di flagola STRAWBERRY SHORTCAKE anni 80 FRAGOLINA DOLCE CUORE
Positive Runway Global Catwalk African Fashion Show African Ambassadors & Diaspora Interactive Form AAIF United Nations buildings International Maritime Organization HQ IMO London.
forms part of a mural by residents of a detox centre which I facilitated, depicting their journey. All ideas and imagery was created by the residents themselves, who also did the painting.
Design by: Kerrie Slada
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Puente Maule es un puente ferroviario fuera de servicio ubicado en el km 264 de la línea férrea que formaba parte del antiguo trazado del Ferrocarril al Sur de Chile. Construido durante los gobiernos de los presidentes Domingo Santa María y José Manuel Balmaceda, fue proyectado por el ingeniero civil Domingo V. Santa María y construido por la maestranza Lever, Murphy & Co. de Caleta Abarca, Viña del Mar. Entregado en 1885 después de un año de construcción, a la misma estructura luego en 1888 se le añadiría el Puente Carretero Maule, un segundo puente similar al anterior para tránsito de carretas.
Siendo Ministro de Interior don José Manuel Balmaceda, el gobierno hizo eco de distintas entidades que pedían el reemplazo de los puentes ferroviarios provisorios construidos en madera, principalmente los instalados sobre los ríos Lircay, Maule y Ñuble. Ya que, estos debían reconstruirse cada año luego de la crecidas veraniegas de dichos ríos, lo que perjudicaba el servicio de trenes hacia el sur suspendiendo sus operaciones incluso hasta durante 30 días.
El Maule fue construido por una comisión especial creada por el gobierno, quienes querían levantar un puente mixto, ferroviario y carretero, que compartiera fundaciones para mayor economía. El proyecto corrió a cargo de Domingo Víctor Santa María, ingeniero civil con estudios en Bélgica, junto con los ingenieros residentes Francisco Prado y Nicolás Tanco. Fue supervisado por Benjamín Vivanco, ingeniero de ferrocarriles para la sección de Curicó y el Maule. Es un error común relacionar a Gustavo Eiffel con la construcción de este puente, en la cual no tuvo injerencia, debido a que el francés si participó en otro puente sobre el río Maule cerca de Constitución.
Se comenzó la faena en enero de 1883 con la desviación del río en su ribera norte. Toda la obra de mampostería, estribos, cimientos y machones, fue construida por Santa María utilizando personal contratado por el gobierno con maquinaria arrendada a Lever Murphy y Cía. Esta se pensó para sostener tanto al puente ferroviario como al carretero. El 3 de febrero de ese mismo año se inicia la excavación del primer machón. Además el 30 de mayo, la misma Lever Murphy, gana la propuesta para construir la superestructura metálica del puente ferroviario de 1.320 toneladas de hierro forjado, la que sería puesta en obra y sujeta a pruebas de resistencia.
El puente se entregó oficialmente el 15 de marzo de 1885 no sin percances y retrasos en la mampostería por intensas lluvias en los inviernos de 1883 y 1884. Santa María presentó su memoria de la obra el 6 de junio, la cual quedó publicada en el Diario Oficial con esmerado detalle el 17 de junio de 1885. Fue probado antes de su apertura con un tren de 49 m de longitud y un peso 300 toneladas, tanto en reposo como a máxima velocidad (50 km/h). El puente mostró que el movimiento lateral fue de 6 mm en todos los tramos. Además la deflexión en los tramos de 60 m fue de 11 mm, y en los tramos de 50 m fue de 7,9 mm.
Fue inaugurado el mismo día que los puentes ferroviarios sobre el río Lircay, el sábado 11 de abril de 1885, por una extensa comitiva liderada por el entonces Ministro de Interior, José Manuel Balmaceda. De la ceremonia participaron representantes de gobierno, casi todos los ministros de estado, los ingenieros proyectistas y los socios de la empresa constructora, junto a centenares de personas que se reunieron en las riberas del río. El puente fue adornado para la ocasión con gigantes banderas chilenas que cerraban el paso hacia él y la comitiva almorzó en el mismo lugar luego de la ceremonia. Balmaceda, al momento de su discurso, destacó el trabajo de los chilenos en este tipo de obras e instó a los constructores a ensanchar sus talleres para numerosos futuros proyectos.
Originalmente en cada entrada del puente existían dos obeliscos, ya desaparecidos, con placas que recordaban la fecha de inauguración, ingenieros y constructores.
El puente ferroviario Maule fue considerado el primer puente de viga de celosía metálica remachada fabricado por chilenos. Ubicado entre las estaciones de Maule y San Javier, medía originalmente 440 m de largo en tramos de 50 y 60 m de luz, pero solo permanecen en pie unos 340. Su superestructura tuvo 4 vigas de rejilla tipo Warren con una longitud de 220 m cada una. Cada par de vigas sostenía originalmente un tablero de perfiles metálico, el cual soportaba la línea férrea y sus durmientes. El entramado metálico reposaba originalmente sobre estribos y machones de mampostería en piedra, los que fueron cambiados por estructuras de hormigón armado. Las fundaciones se proyectaron para soportar también la superestructura el Puente Carretero Maule, que fue añadido en 1888. El puente ferroviario además tuvo en su parte superior vigas contraviento en arco para evitar torsiones, instaladas justo en cada par de montantes.
Aparte de reparaciones periódicas, el puente no tuvo mayores modificaciones hasta 1909. Debido a un descarrilamiento de un tren de carga el 7 de septiembre de 1909, resultó parcialmente destruido el segundo tramo norte del puente ferroviario en unos 40 m. Si bien el tráfico fue restablecido prontamente en forma provisoria, el tramo afectado debió reconstruirse completamente. Las obras fueron encargadas a la Sociedad de Maestranzas y Galvanización y supervisadas por el administrador de la tercera sección de ferrocarriles, Francisco Sayagó, junto a los ingenieros Carlos Sibilla y Francisco Mardones. El puente fue entregado nuevamente a servicio el 25 de noviembre de 1909.
En 1993 se puso en servicio un nuevo puente carretero en la autopista, más ancho y fabricado en hormigón armado. Los puentes históricos fueron definitivamente dados de baja. El puente carretero fue clausurado con una barrera e informalmente quedó para uso peatonal. El antiguo puente ferroviario, o la vía sur a norte de la Panamericana entre 1956 y 1993, quedó como un desvío para fiscalización de camiones para el SII y el SAG. Así se mantuvieron hasta el año 2005, cuando el socavo de un machón motivó su clausura como medida de seguridad.
A petición del Municipio de San Javier de Loncomilla, por constituir un sobresaliente conjunto símbolo del progreso y talento de los ingenieros chilenos, los puentes proyectados por D. V. Santa María y construidos por Lever Murphy fueron declarados Monumento Histórico Nacional el 10 de septiembre de 1993, en virtud del decreto supremo n.º 635 del Ministerio de Educación de Chile, el cual también declara como monumento al actual puente ferroviario adyacente.
Debido a un sismo menor el 20 de febrero de 2006 colapsaron 112 metros de la superestructura de ambos puentes. Según artículos de prensa, meses antes la acción de las aguas estuvo socavando un machón cercano al estribo norte. El desnivel habría creado una torcedura de 20 cm en las vigas de su sección, justo las reconstruidas en 1909, motivando un cierre preventivo al público que utilizaba los monumentos como balneario en época estival. Dada la falta oportuna de reparaciones, un sismo ocurrido el 19 de febrero desestabilizó la estructura provocando su caída al río en la madrugada del día siguiente. Posteriormente personal de vialidad retiró los perfiles metálicos dañados, incluida una placa instalada al momento de inaugurar el puente carretero, manteniéndose en pie el resto
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Maule Bridge is a railway bridge out of service located at km 264 of the railway line that was part of the old Southern Chile Railway route. Built during the governments of presidents Domingo Santa María and José Manuel Balmaceda, it was designed by the civil engineer Domingo V. Santa María and built by the Lever, Murphy & Co. factory of Caleta Abarca, Viña del Mar. Delivered in 1885 after one year of construction, to the same structure later in 1888 the Maule Carretero Bridge would be added, a second bridge similar to the previous one for cart traffic.
When Mr. José Manuel Balmaceda was Minister of the Interior, the government echoed different entities that requested the replacement of the temporary railway bridges built of wood, mainly those installed over the Lircay, Maule and Ñuble rivers. Since, these had to be rebuilt every year after the summer floods of said rivers, which harmed the train service to the south, suspending their operations even for up to 30 days.
The Maule was built by a special commission created by the government, who wanted to build a mixed railway and road bridge, which would share foundations for greater economy. The project was carried out by Domingo Víctor Santa María, a civil engineer with studies in Belgium, together with resident engineers Francisco Prado and Nicolás Tanco. It was supervised by Benjamín Vivanco, railway engineer for the Curicó and Maule section. It is a common error to relate Gustavo Eiffel to the construction of this bridge, in which he had no influence, because the Frenchman did participate in another bridge over the Maule River near Constitución.
The work began in January 1883 with the diversion of the river on its northern bank. All the masonry work, abutments, foundations and buttresses, was built by Santa María using personnel hired by the government with machinery leased from Lever Murphy y Cía. This was designed to support both the railway and road bridges. On February 3 of that same year, excavation of the first core began. Furthermore, on May 30, Lever Murphy herself won the proposal to build the metal superstructure of the railway bridge of 1,320 tons of wrought iron, which would be put into work and subject to strength tests.
The bridge was officially handed over on March 15, 1885, not without mishaps and delays in the masonry due to intense rains in the winters of 1883 and 1884. Santa María presented its report on the work on June 6, which was published in the Diario Official in careful detail on June 17, 1885. It was tested before its opening with a train 49 m long and weighing 300 tons, both at rest and at maximum speed (50 km/h). The bridge showed that lateral movement was 6 mm in all spans. Furthermore, the deflection in the 60 m sections was 11 mm, and in the 50 m sections it was 7.9 mm.
It was inaugurated on the same day as the railway bridges over the Lircay River, Saturday, April 11, 1885, by an extensive delegation led by the then Minister of the Interior, José Manuel Balmaceda. Government representatives, almost all state ministers, design engineers and partners of the construction company participated in the ceremony, along with hundreds of people who gathered on the banks of the river. The bridge was decorated for the occasion with giant Chilean flags that closed the way to it and the delegation had lunch in the same place after the ceremony. Balmaceda, at the time of his speech, highlighted the work of Chileans in this type of works and urged builders to expand their workshops for numerous future projects.
Originally, at each entrance to the bridge there were two obelisks, now gone, with plaques that remembered the date of inauguration, engineers and builders.
The Maule railway bridge was considered the first riveted metal truss girder bridge manufactured by Chileans. Located between the Maule and San Javier stations, it was originally 440 m long in sections of 50 and 60 m span, but only about 340 remain standing. Its superstructure had 4 Warren-type grid beams with a length of 220 m each. a. Each pair of beams originally supported a metal profile board, which supported the railway line and its sleepers. The metal framework originally rested on abutments and stone masonry buttresses, which were replaced by reinforced concrete structures. The foundations were designed to also support the superstructure of the Maule Road Bridge, which was added in 1888. The railway bridge also had arched windbreak beams in its upper part to avoid twisting, installed right on each pair of uprights.
Apart from periodic repairs, the bridge did not undergo major modifications until 1909. Due to a derailment of a freight train on September 7, 1909, the second northern section of the railway bridge was partially destroyed by about 40 m. Although traffic was promptly restored on a provisional basis, the affected section had to be completely rebuilt. The works were commissioned to the Sociedad de Maestranzas y Galvanización and supervised by the administrator of the third section of railways, Francisco Sayagó, together with the engineers Carlos Sibilla and Francisco Mardones. The bridge was returned to service on November 25, 1909.
In 1993, a new highway bridge was put into service, wider and made of reinforced concrete. The historic bridges were definitively decommissioned. The highway bridge was closed with a barrier and was informally left for pedestrian use. The old railway bridge, or the south to north route of the Panamericana between 1956 and 1993, was left as a detour for truck inspection for the SII and the SAG. They remained this way until 2005, when the damage caused by a pier led to their closure as a safety measure.
At the request of the Municipality of San Javier de Loncomilla, for constituting an outstanding symbol of the progress and talent of Chilean engineers, the bridges designed by D. V. Santa María and built by Lever Murphy were declared National Historical Monument on September 10, 1993, in by virtue of supreme decree No. 635 of the Chilean Ministry of Education, which also declares the current adjacent railway bridge as a monument.
Due to a minor earthquake on February 20, 2006, 112 meters of the superstructure of both bridges collapsed. According to press articles, months before the action of the waters was undermining a buttress near the northern abutment. The unevenness would have created a 20 cm twist in the beams of its section, precisely those rebuilt in 1909, motivating a preventive closure to the public who used the monuments as a spa in the summer. Given the lack of timely repairs, an earthquake that occurred on February 19 destabilized the structure, causing it to fall into the river in the early hours of the next day. Later, road personnel removed the damaged metal profiles, including a plaque installed when the highway bridge was inaugurated, leaving the rest standing.
Formado em 2000, o JAM Project é um grupo de cantores japoneses especializados em temas de animês (desenhos animados), tokusatsus (séries live-action) e jogos de videogames japoneses. É o principal expoente do gênero.
O objetivo do grupo é preservar as características originais do gênero musical, que desde a década de 90 tem a interferência do marketing da indústria fonográfica, envolvendo artistas do pop-rock japonês.
A formação atual é composta por Hironobu Kageyama, Masaaki Endoh, Masami Okui, Yoshiki Fukuyama, Hiroski Kitadani e Ricardo Cruz.
La forma en que vi la película de el resplandor ha sido en memes de Facebook, Ready Player One, incluso leí primero Dr. Sueño antes que este libro, me costó mucho trabajo comenzarlo, me hicieron spoilers sobre toda la novela, ya no me importo tanto, digo, había salido hace muchísimos años, me di cuenta que las escenas más icónicas de la película de Kubrick no existen en el libro y después de todo esto, la verdad es que me gustó, no está entre mis favoritos pero me gustó, fue un excelente inicio para los niños que resplandecen, !YO! considero que incluso "El Instituto" y "Después" son novelas más interesantes, si no los han leído, bueno, estas son novelas donde también hablan de niños que resplandecen o como los llaman en "El Instituto" niños con mentes prodigiosas.
7/10 ⭐
REDRUM Esa es la palabra que Danny había visto en el espejo. Y, aunque no sabía leer, entendió que era un mensaje de horror. Danny tenía cinco años, y a esa edad poco niños saben que los espejos invierten las imágenes y menos aún saben diferenciar entre realidad y fantasía. Pero Danny tenía pruebas de que sus fantasías relacionadas con el resplandor del espejo acabarían cumpliéndose: REDRUM... MURDER, asesinato. Pero su padre necesitaba aquel trabajo en el hotel. Danny sabía que su madre pensaba en el divorcio y que su padre se obsesionaba con algo muy malo, tan malo como la muerte y el suicidio. Sí, su padre necesitaba aceptar la propuesta de cuidar de aquel hotel de lujo de más de cien habitaciones, aislado por la nieve durante seis meses. Hasta el deshielo iban a estar solos. ¿Solos?...