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The Downs GAA 5KM Road Race and Family fun run 2012 took place on Wednesday June 13th at 20:00 at "The Downs" GAA near Mullingar, Co. Westmeath Ireland. On the night a huge crowd of over 400 runners, joggers, and walkers turned out to support the run. The race was a nice flat loop on country roads with fast times and personal bests recorded by many of the runners. The local community and the GAA club were out in force to organise and steward the race. This was a fundraiser for girls and boys underage football at the GAA club. This was the first running of the race and most of the participants agreed that they will look forward to returning to The Downs for the 2nd edition in 2013.
This is a collection of photographs taken by Peter Mooney and family.
How can I get a full resolution copy of one of these photographs?
All of the photographs here on this Flickr set have a visible watermark embedded in them. All of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available, free, at no cost, at full resolution WITHOUT watermark. Our only "cost" is that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Google+ etc or (2) other websites or promotional material that you provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us [if you do not know how this should be done - please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us]. Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc.
If you want to contribute something for these images?
We do not charge for these images. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. However, if you would like to contribute something towards them - we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.
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United Committee for African-American Contributions in St. Mary's County (UCAC) 8th Annual Juneteenth Celebration Festival at Freedom Park at intersection of Route 235 and Tulagi Place in Lexington Park, MD on Saturday, 18 June 2011 by Elvert Barnes Photography
Ceremony
Visit UCAC 8th Juneteenth Festival 2011 at
www.africanamericancontributions.com/juneteenth2011.html
Elvert Barnes Photography
Ambassador Betty King participated in a panel sponsored by the UN in Geneva to discuss the recently released papers “Making Change Happen: Enhancing the UN’s Contributions to Development” and “How Relevant is the Development UN?” Both papers were authored by the Future of the United Nations Development System (FUNDS) project of the Ralph Bunche Institute in New York. The paper “Making Change Happen: Enhancing the UN’s Contributions to Development” presents a comprehensive outline of how the UN development system will need to change and adapt to new realities, particularly in the context of structural and financing reforms. The paper suggests that all stakeholders in the UN development system will need to seek new ways of thinking that will lead to new paradigms or models in both areas. In her comments at the event, Ambassador King highlighted that the UN is both “indispensable” and “imperfect.” At its best, the UN can help prevent conflict, care for the needy, prevent deadly diseases, smooth the channels of global commerce, and promote values that we hold dear. She commended the authors of the study for their neat and concise divisions of the challenges the UN faces: 1) decentralization and rivalry, 2) ineffectiveness and irrelevance and 3) vested interests and lack of political will. She said that the world had evolved since the creation of the UN, yet despite our multi-polar world and a fast moving information age, much of the UN, especially the nuts and bolts of running it, is stuck around 1950.
U.S. Mission Photo by Eric Bridiers
United Committee for African-American Contributions in St. Mary's County (UCAC) 8th Annual Juneteenth Celebration Festival at Freedom Park at intersection of Route 235 and Tulagi Place in Lexington Park, MD on Saturday, 18 June 2011 by Elvert Barnes Photography
Ceremony
Visit UCAC 8th Juneteenth Festival 2011 at
www.africanamericancontributions.com/juneteenth2011.html
Elvert Barnes Photography
Hemel Hempstead - Field Trip - 08/07/13 - National Moth Night contribution
David, Roger and myself made another effort to trap at Gadesprings again, for my contribution to National Moth Night (as I wouldn't be running a trap in my garden until Sunday night)
The weather was perfect, cloudy and mild with just a hint of breeze. Luckily we had almost finished packing up at about 2am before the rain started.
We set up 2 traps from the mains and a further 3 traps about 200 metres along the canal/watercress beds. Two of the traps were placed right next to large outcrops of Butterbur, in the vain attempt to see whether we could get a Butterbur Moth....that never happened! Although we did get a few interesting species at the end of the night.
Olive was a good record. My only records are below
Hatfield Broad Oak 21/07/2008
Hatfield Broad Oak 22/07/2008
Canvey Wick SSSI 08/07/2010
Interestingly all my previous records are from Essex, so this is my first Hertfordshire specimen.
Other moths of note were a Dioryctria, possbly abietella due to its plainess and size (I have set the specimen for further identification), Ypsolopha sequella which I haven't seen for awhile now, and a possible Elachista gleichenella, which to my knowledge is extinct in Herts now. I unfortunately let it go after a few photos which I am kicking myself for doing. It does look spot on for this species and has many more markings than atricomella, alpinella and the rest of the confusion species.
Numbers below are approximate
08/07/13 - Gadesprings - Hemel Hempstead - 2x 125w MV Robinson Trap, 1x 160w MBT Trap, 1x 22w Actinic + 26w Blacklight Trap & 1x 80w Actinic Trap run from 9.00pm until 1.30am
124 Species in total
63 Macro Moths & 61 Micro Moths
Macro Moths
1x Beautiful Hook-tip
1x Bright-line Brown-eye
2x Brimstone Moth
5x Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing
1x Clay
2x Cloaked Minor
3x Common Carpet
1x Common Emerald
2x Common Footman
4x Common Rustic
1x Common Wave
1x Common Wainscot
1x Copper Underwing
1x Coronet
10x Dark Arches
15x Dingy Footman
10x Double Lobed
1x Double Square-spot
10x Dun-bar
1x Fern
5x Flame Shoulder
1x Heart & Dart
2x July Highflyer
1x Knot Grass
3x Large Yellow Underwing
8x Least Yellow Underwing
15x Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing
5x Lesser Yellow Underwing
1x Lunar-spotted Pinion
3x Maple Pug
1x Nut-tree Tussock
1x Olive
4x Orange Swift
1x Pale Mottled Willow
2x Pale Prominent
1x Poplar Hawk-moth
2x Red Twin-spot Carpet
4x Riband Wave
1x Rosy Rustic
12x Ruby Tiger
1x Sallow Kitten
1x Scorched Carpet
2x Shuttle-shaped Dart
5x Silver-Y
1x Single-dotted Wave
2x Small Fan-footed Wave
2x Small Phoenix
1x Small Rivulet
1x Smoky Wainscot
5x Snout
1x Southern Wainscot
1x Square-spot Rustic
2x Straw Dot
1x Tawny Speckled Pug
1x Toadflax Pug
4x Tree-lichen Beauty
2x Uncertain
2x V-pug
5x White-spotted Pug
5x Willow Beauty
2x Wormwood Pug
8x Yellow Shell
1x Yellow-barred Brindle
Micro Moths
2x Acentria ephemerella
1x Acleris emargana
2x Acleris forsskaleana
1x Acleris variegana
2x Agapeta hamana
10x Agriphila straminella
5x Agriphila tristella
2x Aleimma loeflingiana
2x Apotomis lineana
2x Argyresthia bonnetella
1x Bactra lancealana
1x Batia unitella
2x Blastobasis adustella
1x Brachmia blandella
1x Calamotropha paludella
1x Caloptilia alchimiella
2x Cameraria ohridella
4x Carcina quercana
2x Cataclysta lemnata
2x Celypha lacunana
1x Chrysoteuchia culmella
4x Clepsis spectrana
1x Cnephasia sp
2x Coleophora sp
2x Dipleurina lacustrata
1x Dioryctria abietella (pending)
5x Elachista canapennella
1x Elachista gleichenella (pending)
5x Elachista maculicerusella
1x Emmelina monodactyla
1x Epiblema uddmanniana
5x Epinotia nisella
1x Epinotia ramella
1x Eucosma cana
2x Eudemis profundana
1x Eudonia mercurella
1x Eudonia pallida
2x Euzophera pinguis
1x Gypsonoma dealbana
1x Hedya salicella
2x Helcystogramma rufescens
4x Limnaecia phragmitella
2x Mompha epilobiella
1x Monochroa palustrella
1x Orthopygia glaucinalis
2x Pandemis cerasana
1x Pandemis corylana
5x Pandemis heparana
1x Parornix sp
2x Phycita roborella
50+ Pleuroptya ruralis
3x Plutella xylostella
1x Prays ruficeps
2x Pterophorus pentadactyla
1x Pyrausta aurata
1x Rhopobota naevana
2x Spilonota ocellana
4x Trachycera advenella
1x Udea prunalis
2x Yponomeuta evonymella
1x Ypsolopha sequella
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia
Philadelphia, commonly referred to as Philly, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the second-most populous city in the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Philadelphia is known for its extensive contributions to United States history, especially the American Revolution, and served as the nation's capital until 1800. It maintains contemporary influence in business and industry, culture, sports, and music. Philadelphia is the nation's sixth-most populous city with a population of 1,603,797 as of the 2020 census and is the urban core of the larger Delaware Valley (or Philadelphia metropolitan area), the nation's seventh-largest and one of the world's largest metropolitan regions consisting of 6.245 million residents in the metropolitan statistical area and 7.366 million residents in its combined statistical area.
Philadelphia was founded in 1682 by William Penn, an English Quaker and advocate of religious freedom. The city served as the capital of the Pennsylvania Colony during the British colonial era and went on to play a historic and vital role as the central meeting place for the nation's founding fathers whose plans and actions in Philadelphia ultimately inspired the American Revolution and the nation's independence following the Revolutionary War. Philadelphia hosted the First Continental Congress in 1774, preserved the Liberty Bell, and hosted the Second Continental Congress during which the founders signed the Declaration of Independence, which historian Joseph Ellis has described as "the most potent and consequential words in American history". Once the Revolutionary War commenced, the Battle of Germantown and the siege of Fort Mifflin were fought within Philadelphia's city limits. The U.S. Constitution was later ratified in Philadelphia at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787. Philadelphia remained the nation's largest city until 1790, when it was surpassed by New York City, and it served as the nation's first capital from May 10, 1775, until December 12, 1776, and on four subsequent occasions during and following the American Revolution, including from 1790 to 1800 during the construction of the new national capital of Washington, D.C.
With 18 four-year universities and colleges, Philadelphia is one of the nation's leading centers for higher education and academic research. As of 2018, the Philadelphia metropolitan area was the state's largest and nation's ninth-largest metropolitan economy with a gross metropolitan product of US$444.1 billion. The city is home to five Fortune 500 corporate headquarters as of 2022. As of 2023, metropolitan Philadelphia ranks among the top five U.S. venture capital centers, facilitated by its proximity to New York City's entrepreneurial and financial ecosystems. The Philadelphia Stock Exchange, owned by Nasdaq since 2008, is the nation's oldest stock exchange and a global leader in options trading. 30th Street Station, the city's primary rail station, is the third-busiest Amtrak hub in the nation, and the city's multimodal transport and logistics infrastructure, includes Philadelphia International Airport, and the rapidly-growing PhilaPort seaport. A migration pattern has been established from New York City to Philadelphia by residents opting for a large city with relative proximity and a lower cost of living.
Philadelphia is a national cultural center, hosting more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other city in the nation. Fairmount Park, when combined with adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the same watershed, is 2,052 acres (830 ha), representing one of the nation's largest and the world's 45th-largest urban park. The city is known for its arts, culture, cuisine, and colonial and Revolution-era history; in 2016, it attracted 42 million domestic tourists who spent $6.8 billion, representing $11 billion in economic impact to the city and its surrounding Pennsylvania counties.
With five professional sports teams and one of the nation's most loyal fan bases, Philadelphia is often ranked as the nation's best city for professional sports fans. The city has a culturally and philanthropically active LGBTQ+ community. Philadelphia also has played an immensely influential historic and ongoing role in the development and evolution of American music, especially R&B, soul, and rock.
Philadelphia is a city of many firsts, including the nation's first library (1731), hospital (1751), medical school (1765), national capital (1774), university (by some accounts) (1779), stock exchange (1790), zoo (1874), and business school (1881). Philadelphia contains 67 National Historic Landmarks, including Independence Hall. From the city's 17th century founding through the present, Philadelphia has been the birthplace or home to an extensive number of prominent and influential Americans. In 2021, Time magazine named Philadelphia one of the world's greatest 100 places.
Additional Foreign Language Tags:
(United States) "الولايات المتحدة" "Vereinigte Staaten" "アメリカ" "美国" "미국" "Estados Unidos" "États-Unis"
(Pennsylvania) "بنسلفانيا" "宾夕法尼亚州" "Pennsylvanie" "पेंसिल्वेनिया" "ペンシルベニア" "펜실베니아" "Пенсильвания" "Pensilvania"
(Philadelphia) "فيلادلفيا" "费城" "Philadelphie" "फिलाडेल्फिया" "フィラデルフィア" "필라델피아" "Филадельфия" "Filadelfia"
LeoneNorwood Farrell, PhD
Born: April 13, 1904
Died: September 24, 1986
Major Contribution:
Leone Farrell, PhD, was a key figure in the successful mass production of the polio vaccine, enabling Jonas Salk and his team enough serum to perform the initial polio vaccine trials in 1954. As part of a Canadian team of scientists, Farrell supervised a complex production process known as the “Toronto Method” resulting in about 3,000 liters of poliovirus fluids. The process involved filling 5-litre rectangular bottles with “Medium 199” and a small number of monkey kidney tissue cells, and then gently rocking the fluid on specially designed machines to trigger the production of cells.
Other Information:
Brief Biography: Leone Farrell was born in Monkland Station, Ontario, and was raised in Toronto. In 1933, at the age of 29, she obtained a PhD in Biochemistry at the University of Toronto—a rarity for women in those days. Her specialty was the study of fungi, and she spent two years working as a chemist looking at yeasts in honey for the National Research Council of Canada. In 1934, twenty years before the polio trials, she joined the staff of Connaught Laboratories (now Sanofi Pasteur) at the University of Toronto. (Connaught Laboratories were founded in 1914 as a self-supporting part of the university, dedicated to the research, development and production of essential public health products, especially vaccines. Connaught remained a unique part of the university until 1972, after which it was privatized.)
During her studies of staphylococcus toxoids, antibiotics, penicillin and the prevention of bacterial infections such as diphtheria, cholera and whooping cough, Farrell came up with a unique method of gently "rocking" large bottles containing the pertussis bacteria to stimulate its growth for production of a whooping cough vaccine. This discovery would prove to be crucial ten years later in the race against polio.
Dr. Farrell was among the teams of American and Canadian scientists who waited in anticipation for the results of the Salk trials to be announced on April 12, 1955. The trials were the largest medical experiment of all time, involving almost two million children in Canada, Finland and the United States. But although Farrell's contribution was recognized by her contemporaries, she returned to work in relative obscurity after the announcement that the vaccine used in the trials was safe and effective.
She continued to publish research papers well into her 60s and lived to the age of 82. But she died alone; her gravesite--Lot 707 in the Park Lawn Cemetery--was initially unmarked and, until recently, revealed nothing of the key role she played in eradicating polio. Later, her relatives added Leone Farrell’s name to her family’s headstone and an engraved detailing her life’s work erected underneath.
This is my contribution to the Swedish photo project Fotosöndag (Photo Sunday). This weeks theme is "lodrät, vågrät" (eng: vertical, horizontal).
I’m a little behind on this but here’s my contribution to the #FaceYourCosplay thing going around! It was harder than I thought it would be because I realized I don’t have good closeups of me in all my costumes but oh well 😄 I don’t do as much with makeup as a lot of people but I definitely feel like I’ve gotten better over time at capturing the “look” of certain characters. Of course, doing this challenge is a little bittersweet right now. I wanna go play dressup with my friends 😭😭😭 ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ #Cosplay #FaceYourCosplayChallenge #CosplayChallenge via Instagram instagr.am/p/CDoxi0pDrfm/
May 11, 2013 - Photos from our annual State Theatre Benefit Gala featuring Liza MInnelli. The Benefit Gala underwrites the State Theatre's artistically acclaimed programming and nationally recognized arts education programs. A portion of each Gala ticket price represents a tax-deductible contribution to the State Theatre. All photos by Kyle D. Barker.
Artist contributions include Becca Stadtlander and APAK for issues 5 & 6, respectively. Volume 1 by Lizzy Stewart is also back in stock again.
View past issues 1 to 3 here.
Living Things Series Zines, Vol 1 to 6, now available at the little dröm store.
Contribution to the "Owls Challenge" for March...candle light.
www.flickr.com/groups/owls_challenge/discuss/721576040095...
I appreciate the offers but please***No invites or group icons***
Tiatr Academy of Goa (TAG) celebrated the Birth Anniversary of Pai Tiatrist, Joao Agostinho Fernandes on Monday, 14th December 2015 at Pai Tiatrist auditorium, Ravindra Bhavan, Margao.
On this occasion TAG presented Lifetime Contribution to Tiatr Awards to 6 tiatr artistes who have contributed immensely towards the development of tiatr stage. They are T. Britton, Sharon Mazarello, Xavier Gomes, Diniz Mestri, Fatima D’Souza and Lawrence de Tiracol. Shri. Vishnu Surya Wagh, Hon’ble M.L.A. and Chairman of Kala Academy Goa was the Chief Guest. Shri. Damodar Naik, Chaiman of Ravindra Bhavan – Margao as the Guest of Honour. Shri. Tomazinho Cardozo, former President of Tiatr Academy as the Special Invitee.
Video youtu.be/BM_FhPvUAaQ
with Sharmila Fernandes grand daughter of Pai Tiatrist Joao Agustinho Fernandes
Watchonista is a social network where watchfans can share their collections other fans & brands, like
TAG: www.watchonista.com/index.php?page=home-public-brand&...
Blancpain: www.watchonista.com/index.php?page=home-public-brand&...
Hautlence: www.watchonista.com/index.php?page=home-public-brand&...
Ladoire, ...
The project is based on cooperation: Please REGISTER online and upload a watch to enrich the database of community watches !
www.watchonista.com/index.php?page=facebook-transit
Over 2000 watches posted by collectors to this day!
HAVE A LOOK TO THE ROLEX MEMEBER COLLECTIONS :
www.watchonista.com/index.php?page=home-public-brand&...
More than 16,000 private and public comments on watches old and new!
The contributions will be used to enhance capacity building activities and strengthen OPCW security infrastructures
Name: Juxtaposition Back 2
Designer: Rebecca Bruce
Venue: 2011 Emotional Archetype Couture Collection
Corset Materials: leather, cotton coutil, silk taffeta lining, metal buckle.
Skirt and Bustle Materials: vintage silk organza skirt panels, silk taffeta skirt panels, vintage velvet, feathers.
Contribution: draped, finalized pattern, cut.
Date: 2011
Photo: Aida Daay
DAV Commanders will be collecting contributions in front of Stop & Shop, City Hall and the Malden MBTA station between now and May 22nd. Contributions may also be mailed to Forget Me Not Drive, Malden DAV, 85 Willow Street, Malden, MA 02148. For more information, please call 781-324-9669.
Photo Courtesy of Paul Hammersley, Office of Mayor Gary Christenson.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia
Philadelphia, commonly referred to as Philly, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the second-most populous city in the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Philadelphia is known for its extensive contributions to United States history, especially the American Revolution, and served as the nation's capital until 1800. It maintains contemporary influence in business and industry, culture, sports, and music. Philadelphia is the nation's sixth-most populous city with a population of 1,603,797 as of the 2020 census and is the urban core of the larger Delaware Valley (or Philadelphia metropolitan area), the nation's seventh-largest and one of the world's largest metropolitan regions consisting of 6.245 million residents in the metropolitan statistical area and 7.366 million residents in its combined statistical area.
Philadelphia was founded in 1682 by William Penn, an English Quaker and advocate of religious freedom. The city served as the capital of the Pennsylvania Colony during the British colonial era and went on to play a historic and vital role as the central meeting place for the nation's founding fathers whose plans and actions in Philadelphia ultimately inspired the American Revolution and the nation's independence following the Revolutionary War. Philadelphia hosted the First Continental Congress in 1774, preserved the Liberty Bell, and hosted the Second Continental Congress during which the founders signed the Declaration of Independence, which historian Joseph Ellis has described as "the most potent and consequential words in American history". Once the Revolutionary War commenced, the Battle of Germantown and the siege of Fort Mifflin were fought within Philadelphia's city limits. The U.S. Constitution was later ratified in Philadelphia at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787. Philadelphia remained the nation's largest city until 1790, when it was surpassed by New York City, and it served as the nation's first capital from May 10, 1775, until December 12, 1776, and on four subsequent occasions during and following the American Revolution, including from 1790 to 1800 during the construction of the new national capital of Washington, D.C.
With 18 four-year universities and colleges, Philadelphia is one of the nation's leading centers for higher education and academic research. As of 2018, the Philadelphia metropolitan area was the state's largest and nation's ninth-largest metropolitan economy with a gross metropolitan product of US$444.1 billion. The city is home to five Fortune 500 corporate headquarters as of 2022. As of 2023, metropolitan Philadelphia ranks among the top five U.S. venture capital centers, facilitated by its proximity to New York City's entrepreneurial and financial ecosystems. The Philadelphia Stock Exchange, owned by Nasdaq since 2008, is the nation's oldest stock exchange and a global leader in options trading. 30th Street Station, the city's primary rail station, is the third-busiest Amtrak hub in the nation, and the city's multimodal transport and logistics infrastructure, includes Philadelphia International Airport, and the rapidly-growing PhilaPort seaport. A migration pattern has been established from New York City to Philadelphia by residents opting for a large city with relative proximity and a lower cost of living.
Philadelphia is a national cultural center, hosting more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other city in the nation. Fairmount Park, when combined with adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the same watershed, is 2,052 acres (830 ha), representing one of the nation's largest and the world's 45th-largest urban park. The city is known for its arts, culture, cuisine, and colonial and Revolution-era history; in 2016, it attracted 42 million domestic tourists who spent $6.8 billion, representing $11 billion in economic impact to the city and its surrounding Pennsylvania counties.
With five professional sports teams and one of the nation's most loyal fan bases, Philadelphia is often ranked as the nation's best city for professional sports fans. The city has a culturally and philanthropically active LGBTQ+ community. Philadelphia also has played an immensely influential historic and ongoing role in the development and evolution of American music, especially R&B, soul, and rock.
Philadelphia is a city of many firsts, including the nation's first library (1731), hospital (1751), medical school (1765), national capital (1774), university (by some accounts) (1779), stock exchange (1790), zoo (1874), and business school (1881). Philadelphia contains 67 National Historic Landmarks, including Independence Hall. From the city's 17th century founding through the present, Philadelphia has been the birthplace or home to an extensive number of prominent and influential Americans. In 2021, Time magazine named Philadelphia one of the world's greatest 100 places.
Additional Foreign Language Tags:
(United States) "الولايات المتحدة" "Vereinigte Staaten" "アメリカ" "美国" "미국" "Estados Unidos" "États-Unis"
(Pennsylvania) "بنسلفانيا" "宾夕法尼亚州" "Pennsylvanie" "पेंसिल्वेनिया" "ペンシルベニア" "펜실베니아" "Пенсильвания" "Pensilvania"
(Philadelphia) "فيلادلفيا" "费城" "Philadelphie" "फिलाडेल्फिया" "フィラデルフィア" "필라델피아" "Филадельфия" "Filadelfia"
As a contribution to the legacy of the European Year of Cultural Heritage, the presidency of Bulgaria, the Bulgarian Ministry of Culture and Europeana wanted to highlight the relevance of digital cultural heritage to the aims of the European Union during the next multiannual framework. During this two day event in Varna on May 28-29, 62 participants from 21 countries explored this together with experts and representatives of ministries of culture across Europe and draft a vision that expresses this contribution in concrete terms.
A Contribution to A Conversation.
UTATA BIG PROJECT WINTER 2012
Part 3 of 6
---
P: “Still, I knew this couldn’t last forever.”
Cig: “Here it comes ...”
P: “I mean you still feel good. The nutty flavor on my lips. Your warm fingers dancing on my throat. The release and the fuzzy relaxation that comes with it. But for awhile now I’ve noticed some problems. First it was little things. Remember when we started to get on some peoples’ nerves.?”
Cig: “Yeah, bu-”
P: “They’d say things like how obnoxious we were, or that we spent way too much time together. I stuck up for you though. So what if we were a little bit boisterous? So what if we enjoyed each others’ company? I mean, who were others to judge us like that, as if they were so perfect? Still, after awhile we both felt a little shunned. We had to make some compromises, and we did. But, we still found time for each other.”
Cig: “Um-”
P: “But lately things have gotten worse.”
Here's my contribution, actually the first time I've seen any of this stuff framed and up on a a wall. I'm measuring the success by how many people took cell phone pics of them.
Just found this group: Photoshop Tennis. People post photos with the idea of others then altering them in some interesting way. I decided to blend two photo tennis games: this one and this one.
Photo Exhibition Inspiring Women - The vital contribution of Women in Law Enforcement in the ASEAN Region, 27 August 2020. Photo: UN Women/Ploy Phutpheng
Photo Exhibition Inspiring Women - The vital contribution of Women in Law Enforcement in the ASEAN Region, 27 August 2020. Photo: UN Women/Ploy Phutpheng
This is my contribution to Giant Robot's Biennale 3 held at the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles on Sept 22, 2012. Artists were given a Giant Robot vinyl toy along with a Kaiju Uglydoll to customize in any fashion. Drawing upon my affinity for Japanese super robot toys, I decided to pay homage to the characters that I grew up loving so much.
Made with epoxy, polymer clay, metal, plastic, foam and found materials.
I arrived at Reifel Migratory Bird Sanctuary quite late in the afternoon and the light was coming from behind, casting shadow on the birds. However, I thought I would toss my contribution to the nest photos into the ring.
The Le Cheile 'Leixlip 5KM' Road Race, Jog, and Fun Run was held in Leixlip, Co. Kildare, Ireland on Saturday May 4th 2013 at 11:00. This was the biggest ever attendance at the race which finished the last 700 meters on the almost completed tartan track belonging to Le Cheile AC at the Leixlip Amenities center. This was a great race with a great atmosphere. The weather was reasonably good (except for a strong head wind). Good race times were reported by many participants. Congratulations to Tony Brennan and all of Le Cheile AC for their huge volunteer work that goes into making this race the growing success that it is.
The chip timing was provided by Red Tag Timing and the results should be available here [www.redtagtiming.com/results/LeCheile5km_2013.xls]
Overall Race Summary
Participants: Approximately 400 people took part in both events with runners, joggers, walkers, and families involved.
Weather: This was a wonderfully bright day with a strong headwind at the 1st and final KM of the race.
Course: The race starts on the road outside the amenities center. There is a signifcant climb up the motorway overpass at 1KM. The stretch from here to 4KM is reasonably flat. There is a final
long drag up to Louisia Bridge and the race finishes with almost 700M on the new athletics track built by the club.
Refreshments: The refreshments after the Le Cheile 5KM have now gained legendary status. Outstanding.
Location Map: Start/finish area on Google StreetView [goo.gl/maps/ykhbT]
Some Useful Links
The Internet Homepage of Le Cheile Athletic Club [lecheileac.blogspot.ie/]
The Le Cheile Leixlip 5KM Event Page on Facebook [www.facebook.com/groups/198725250155741/]
Boards.ie Athletics Forum Thread Discussion about the race: www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2056893649
Google StreetView of the Race HeadQuarters: goo.gl/maps/ykhbT
A Youtube Video of the 5KM Route for 2013: www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=fFFem...
A GARMIN GPS Trace of the 5KM Route for 2013: connect.garmin.com/activity/305379628
Our Flickr Set from the 2012 Le Cheile 5KM: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157629605644270/ (2012)
Our Flickr Set from the 2012 Le Cheile 5KM: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157626541539991/ (2011)
Our Flickr Set from the 2012 Le Cheile 5KM: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157624016827268/ (2010)
How can I get a full resolution copy of these photographs?
All of the photographs here on this Flickr set have a visible watermark embedded in them. All of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available, free, at no cost, at full resolution WITHOUT watermark. We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. We do not know of any other photographers who operate such a policy. Our only "cost" is our request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, etc or (2) other websites, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us. This also extends the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.
Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.
In summary please remember - all we ask is for you to link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. Taking the photographs and preparing them for online posting does take a significant effort. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc.
If you would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?
Some people offer payment for our photographs. We do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would pay for their purchase from other photographic providers we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.
I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?
As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:
►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera
►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set
►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone
►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!
You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.
Don't like your photograph here?
That's OK! We understand!
If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.
I want to tell people about these great photographs!
Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets
Tiatr Academy of Goa (TAG) celebrates the Birth Anniversary of Pai Tiatrist - Joao Agostinho Fernandes on 14th December every year. TAG presented Lifetime Contribution to Tiatr Awards to tiatr artistes who have contributed immensely towards the development of tiatr stage. 14 such tiatr personalities are felicitated at the hands of Hon’ble Minister for Art & Culture, Shri. Dayanand Mandrekar. Veteran tiatr artiste, Smt. Josefina Dias was the Guest of Honour.
14 awardees are:
Rita Rose, Succurine Fizardo, Marcelino de Betim, Premanand Sangodkar,
Francis Xavier Mendes, Theo Alvares, John Gracias, Joe de Cavelossim’
Caetano Goes, Vincent de Nagoa, Cruz de Sanvordem, Tony Martins,
Remedios Fernandes (Remmie) and Farriol Coutinho (F. Mickey)
Pai Tiatrist Hall, Margao 14th December 2014
The Annexed contribution to Life/Live, an expo of the London Art Scene in the 1990's at Musée d'Art Moderne, Paris, by Hans Ulrich Obrist.
Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive
Title: Modern urology in original contributions by American authors, 2
Creator: Cabot, Hugh, 1872-
Publisher: Philadelphia, Lea [and] Febiger
Sponsor: MSN
Contributor: Gerstein - University of Toronto
Date: 1918
Vol: 2
Language: eng
Description: Bibliographies at end of most of the chapters
v. 1. General considerations. Diseases of penis and urethra. Diseases of scrotum and testicle. Diseases of prostate and seminal vesicles. - v. 2. Diseases of the bladder. Diseases of the ureter. Diseases of the kidney
14
If you have questions concerning reproductions, please contact the Contributing Library.
Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.
Read/Download from the Internet Archive
Asked to contribute to MadeinBunch. This was my take. For other designer contributions see www.madeinbunch.com/
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia
Philadelphia, commonly referred to as Philly, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the second-most populous city in the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Philadelphia is known for its extensive contributions to United States history, especially the American Revolution, and served as the nation's capital until 1800. It maintains contemporary influence in business and industry, culture, sports, and music. Philadelphia is the nation's sixth-most populous city with a population of 1,603,797 as of the 2020 census and is the urban core of the larger Delaware Valley (or Philadelphia metropolitan area), the nation's seventh-largest and one of the world's largest metropolitan regions consisting of 6.245 million residents in the metropolitan statistical area and 7.366 million residents in its combined statistical area.
Philadelphia was founded in 1682 by William Penn, an English Quaker and advocate of religious freedom. The city served as the capital of the Pennsylvania Colony during the British colonial era and went on to play a historic and vital role as the central meeting place for the nation's founding fathers whose plans and actions in Philadelphia ultimately inspired the American Revolution and the nation's independence following the Revolutionary War. Philadelphia hosted the First Continental Congress in 1774, preserved the Liberty Bell, and hosted the Second Continental Congress during which the founders signed the Declaration of Independence, which historian Joseph Ellis has described as "the most potent and consequential words in American history". Once the Revolutionary War commenced, the Battle of Germantown and the siege of Fort Mifflin were fought within Philadelphia's city limits. The U.S. Constitution was later ratified in Philadelphia at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787. Philadelphia remained the nation's largest city until 1790, when it was surpassed by New York City, and it served as the nation's first capital from May 10, 1775, until December 12, 1776, and on four subsequent occasions during and following the American Revolution, including from 1790 to 1800 during the construction of the new national capital of Washington, D.C.
With 18 four-year universities and colleges, Philadelphia is one of the nation's leading centers for higher education and academic research. As of 2018, the Philadelphia metropolitan area was the state's largest and nation's ninth-largest metropolitan economy with a gross metropolitan product of US$444.1 billion. The city is home to five Fortune 500 corporate headquarters as of 2022. As of 2023, metropolitan Philadelphia ranks among the top five U.S. venture capital centers, facilitated by its proximity to New York City's entrepreneurial and financial ecosystems. The Philadelphia Stock Exchange, owned by Nasdaq since 2008, is the nation's oldest stock exchange and a global leader in options trading. 30th Street Station, the city's primary rail station, is the third-busiest Amtrak hub in the nation, and the city's multimodal transport and logistics infrastructure, includes Philadelphia International Airport, and the rapidly-growing PhilaPort seaport. A migration pattern has been established from New York City to Philadelphia by residents opting for a large city with relative proximity and a lower cost of living.
Philadelphia is a national cultural center, hosting more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other city in the nation. Fairmount Park, when combined with adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the same watershed, is 2,052 acres (830 ha), representing one of the nation's largest and the world's 45th-largest urban park. The city is known for its arts, culture, cuisine, and colonial and Revolution-era history; in 2016, it attracted 42 million domestic tourists who spent $6.8 billion, representing $11 billion in economic impact to the city and its surrounding Pennsylvania counties.
With five professional sports teams and one of the nation's most loyal fan bases, Philadelphia is often ranked as the nation's best city for professional sports fans. The city has a culturally and philanthropically active LGBTQ+ community. Philadelphia also has played an immensely influential historic and ongoing role in the development and evolution of American music, especially R&B, soul, and rock.
Philadelphia is a city of many firsts, including the nation's first library (1731), hospital (1751), medical school (1765), national capital (1774), university (by some accounts) (1779), stock exchange (1790), zoo (1874), and business school (1881). Philadelphia contains 67 National Historic Landmarks, including Independence Hall. From the city's 17th century founding through the present, Philadelphia has been the birthplace or home to an extensive number of prominent and influential Americans. In 2021, Time magazine named Philadelphia one of the world's greatest 100 places.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_National_Historical_Park
Independence National Historical Park is a federally protected historic district in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that preserves several sites associated with the American Revolution and the nation's founding history. Administered by the National Park Service, the 55-acre (22 ha) park comprises many of Philadelphia's most-visited historic sites within the Old City and Society Hill neighborhoods. The park has been nicknamed "America's most historic square mile" because of its abundance of historic landmarks.
The centerpiece of the park is Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution were debated and adopted by America's Founding Fathers in the late 18th century. Independence Hall was the principal meetinghouse of the Second Continental Congress from 1775 to 1783 and the Constitutional Convention in the summer of 1787. Next to Independence Hall is Carpenters' Hall, the 1774 meeting site for the First Continental Congress, and Congress Hall, the meeting place of the United States Congress in the 1790s prior to the establishment of Washington, D.C. as the nation's capital in 1800.
Across the street from Independence Hall is the Liberty Bell, an iconic symbol of American independence, displayed in the Liberty Bell Center. The park contains other historic buildings, such as the First Bank of the United States, the first bank chartered by the United States Congress, and the Second Bank of the United States, which had its charter renewal vetoed by President Andrew Jackson as part of the Bank War. The Park also contains City Tavern, a recreated colonial tavern, which was a favorite of the delegates and which John Adams felt was the finest tavern in all America.
Most of the park's historic structures are located in the vicinity of the four landscaped blocks between Chestnut, Walnut, 2nd, and 6th streets. The park also contains Franklin Court, the site where Benjamin Franklin's home once stood and the present-day location of a Franklin museum and the United States Postal Service Museum (Franklin was the first Postmaster General of the revolutionary government). An additional three blocks directly north of Independence Hall, collectively known as Independence Mall, contain the Liberty Bell Center, National Constitution Center, Independence Visitor Center, and the former site of the President's House. The park also contains other historical artifacts, such as the Syng inkstand which was used during the signings of both the Declaration and the Constitution.
Additional Foreign Language Tags:
(United States) "الولايات المتحدة" "Vereinigte Staaten" "アメリカ" "美国" "미국" "Estados Unidos" "États-Unis"
(Pennsylvania) "بنسلفانيا" "宾夕法尼亚州" "Pennsylvanie" "पेंसिल्वेनिया" "ペンシルベニア" "펜실베니아" "Пенсильвания" "Pensilvania"
(Philadelphia) "فيلادلفيا" "费城" "Philadelphie" "फिलाडेल्फिया" "フィラデルフィア" "필라델피아" "Филадельфия" "Filadelfia"
The Mosman Design Awards is an event held every two years by Council to celebrate outstanding contributions to the built environment and heritage conservation in Mosman.
Award winners included:
- 36 Plunkett Road, designed by Clinton Murray and Polly Harbison – Winner of Contribution to the Built Environment
- 3 Prince Albert Street, designed by Tanner Kibble Denton Architects – Winner Heritage Conservation
- 16 Mosman Street, designed by Ian Moore Architects – Winner Alterations and Additions
- 100 Glover Street, designed by PCA Architects and developed by Helm Properties – Winner Multi Dwelling Development
- Mosman Preparatory School and the Greenwall Company – Winner Community Renewal
- 13 Thompson Street designed by Prue Murdoch – Winner People’s Choice Award
April 11, 2015. Boston, MA.
Fenway Health Women's Dinner Party 2015.
Fenway Health is proud to present Judith B. Bradford, PhD, Director of the Center for Population Research in LGBT Health and Co-Chair of The Fenway Institute, with the Dr. Susan M. Love Award. Dr. Bradford is being honored for her longstanding commitment and contributions to the health of sexual and gender minorities.
© 2015 Marilyn Humphries
With his contribution to the exhibition Bernhard Cella installs a production environment that is seen as disappearing–the world of the printer’s workshop: table, shelf, paper, printing plates, color, work clothes, work bridge, and a Heidelberg flatbed letterpress. The installation itself is active and reproduces a book: How to disappear completely and never be found from 1985. Thereby Cella addresses the crisis of the ability to disappear. In his research project NO ISBN–On the Privatization of the Publication Cella is interested in publications that are published without an ISBN number, and are thus escaping detection by the international goods exchange system.
outofthebox.gruchalski.at/?page_id=147
salon-fuer-kunstbuch.at/books/no-isbn.html?SID=a610f8fbfb...
Leeds Minster, or the Minster and Parish Church of Saint Peter-at-Leeds (formerly Leeds Parish Church) is the minster church of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It stands on the site of the oldest church in the city and is of architectural and liturgical significance. A church is recorded on the site as early as the 7th century, although the present structure is a Gothic Revival one, designed by Robert Dennis Chantrell and completed in 1841. It is dedicated to Saint Peter and was the Parish Church of Leeds before receiving the honorific title of "Minster" in 2012. It has been designated a Grade I listed building by Historic England.
History
The building
A church at Ledes is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, although it is likely that there had been a church on the same site for much longer, as evidenced by the fragments of Anglo-Scandinavian stone crosses (known as the Leeds Cross) found on the site during the construction of the current church. The church was rebuilt twice, after a fire in the 14th century, and again in the 19th century. Walter Farquhar Hook, Vicar of Leeds from 1837 until preferment as Dean of Chichester in 1859 was responsible for the construction of the present building, and of the revitalisation of the Anglican church throughout Leeds as a whole. The architect was Robert Dennis Chantrell.
It was originally intended only to remodel the church in order to provide space for a larger congregation. In November 1837 a scheme was approved under which the tower would have been moved from the crossing to the north side, the chancel widened to the same breadth as the nave, and the north aisle roof raised. When work began, however, it was discovered that much of the structure was in a perilous condition, and it was decided to replace the church completely. The new building was the largest new church in England built since Sir Christopher Wren's St Paul's Cathedral erected after the Great Fire of London and consecrated in 1707. The new parish church was rebuilt by voluntary contributions from the townspeople at a cost of over £29,000 and consecrated on 2 September 1841. Florence Nightingale and Dr Edward Bouverie Pusey were among the congregation and Dr Samuel Sebastian Wesley played the organ.
The east end was altered between 1870 and 1880.[1]
The parish church became Leeds Minster in a ceremony on Sunday 2 September 2012, on the 171st anniversary of the consecration of the building. Leeds is one of three minster churches in the county of West Yorkshire, the other two being Dewsbury Minster and Halifax Minster; there are two cathedrals in the county, Bradford Cathedral and Wakefield Cathedral, and Ripon Cathedral, in North Yorkshire, is in the Anglican Diocese of Leeds.
The parish
The rambling parish of Leeds covered an area of 21,000 acres. It included in it the out-townships of Allerton, Armley, Beeston, Bramley, Farnley, Gipton, Headingley, Holbeck, Hunslet and Wortley; Adel and Whitkirk were separate parishes. On founding the Benedictine Priory of the Holy Trinity, York in 1089 Ralph Paynel granted it the right to appoint the priest and collect the tithes from the parish of Leeds. Over years, many out-townships established local chapels of ease to save parishioners the trek to the parish church: Bramley's, founded by monks at Kirkstall Abbey, may have been first, followed by Farnley's from about 1240, Beeston's from 1597, Headingley's from 1616, and Armley and Wortley's from 1649. In the town itself, the parish church was supplemented by St John's Church on New Briggate in 1634 and Holy Trinity Church on Boar Lane in 1727 (both of which remained in the Parish of Leeds). The nineteenth century saw a large number of new Commissioners' Churches built throughout the parish.
Following the English Reformation, the right to appoint the parish's priest passed between different owners until 1588, when a group of parishioners bought it, putting it in the hands of Leeds's people.
A proposal in 1650 to divide the parish came to nothing, but in 1826 St Mark's Church in Woodhouse gained its own parish district and in 1829 St Stephen's Church in Kirkstall followed suit. However, in the 1840s two parliamentary acts provided for the creation of a wave of parishes: the Spiritual Care of Populous Parishes Act of 1843 and Walter Hook's Leeds Vicarage Act of 1844. Under the former act were created the parishes of St Andrew's (1845); St Philip's (1847); Holy Trinity, Meanwood (1849); All Saints (1850); St John's, Little Holbeck (1850); St Matthew's, Little London (1851); St Jude's, Hunslet (1853); St John's, Wortley; St Michael's, Buslingthorpe; St Matthias's, Burley; St Barnabas, Little Holbeck (1854). Under the latter act were created the parishes of St John's Church, Briggate (1845); St Saviour's (1846); St Mary's, Hunslet (1847); and St Michael's, Farnley (1851).
Architecture
Cruciform in plan, the minster is built in ashlar stone with slate roofs, in an imitation of the English Gothic style of the late 14th century, a period of transition from the Decorated to the Perpendicular. The church is 180 feet (55 m) long and 86 feet (26 m) wide, its tower rising to 139 feet (42 m). The chancel and nave each have four bays of equal length with clerestories and tall aisles. The tower is situated at the centre of north aisle. Below the tower on the north side is the main entrance. The tower has four unequal stages with panelled sides and corner buttresses terminating in crocketed turrets with openwork battlements and crocketted pinnacles. The clock was made by Potts of Leeds.
The north face of the church
The windows exhibit Perpendicular tracery and there is a five-light east window from 1846 containing glass collected on the continent. At the east end the sanctuary has a marble arcade with mosaics by Salviati of Venice, and the reredos is made of coloured marble and alabaster by George Edmund Street.
A peal of 13 bells was cast by Mears in 1842. These bells were then recast into the current peal by John Taylor of Loughborough in 1932. The tenor bell weighs 40 long cwt 1 qr 27 lb (4,535 lb or 2,057 kg).
The organ, parts of which date from 1841 and earlier, is essentially a Harrison and Harrison of 1914 vintage, but incorporating significant amounts of pipework by Edmund Schulze. It was restored in 1927 and 1949 by Harrison and Harrison; in 1965 by Wood, Wordsworth and in 1997 by Andrew Carter. The restoration of the blowing plant and refurbishment of the blower house were undertaken in 1997 by Allfab Engineering of Methley.
Among many artefacts and memorials in the Minster are the Anglo-Saxon Leeds Cross (an Anglian cross to the south of the marble pavement known as the altar flat) the pieces of which were discovered in 1838 when the medieval church was demolished. There is also a brass commemorating Captain Oates of Scott's Antarctic expedition, who had Leeds connections. Flemish stained glass enhances the apse of Chantrell's interior – he designed the windows to fit the glass – and of more recent date (1997) is Sally Scott's Angel Screen at the north tower porch entrance, an example of contemporary glass engraving and a gift from the family of Lord Marshall of Leeds. The Christopher Beckett memorial and most of the architectural sculpture is by Robert Mawer.
Outside in the churchyard, facing out onto Kirkgate, is the Leeds Rifles War Memorial, which was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and unveiled on 13 November 1921. It is separately a grade II listed building.
Interior of the Minster
The Minster and Parish Church of Saint Peter-at-Leeds is in the Diocese of Leeds (which has its cathedrals at Ripon, Wakefield and Bradford), in the Parish of Leeds City along with the Georgian Church of Holy Trinity, Boar Lane and the congregation of St Mary's Lincoln Green worshipping weekly in the Hall of St Peter's Church of England Primary School, Cromwell Street, Burmantofts. The minster is at the easternmost extremity of the city centre, within a precinct bordering two of the city's oldest thoroughfares – Kirkgate (now part of the Inner City Loop Road) to the north, and The Calls to the south. Another ancient pathway, High Court Ings, connects the western precinct with High Court.
The Reverend Canon Paul Maybury is the Incumbent, licensed in December 2022.
Work with young people undertaken by the parish includes The Market Place drop-in centre.
During choir terms there are at least three choral services each week sung by an adult chamber choir of skilled volunteers and choral scholars drawn from Leeds and York Universities as well as Leeds Conservatoire. There is a weekly organ recital from September to July inclusive on Fridays at 1 pm, featuring the resident organists and guest recitalists.
Leeds Minster is a member of the Greater Churches Group. Sir John Betjeman in a BBC Broadcast remarked that: "There's High Church, Low Church and Leeds Parish Church".
The church is illuminated at night by floodlights donated by Tetley's brewery.
The building is open to visitors, Tuesday to Saturday 11 am to 2 pm and during worship on Sunday.
The Minster archives are held at the Leeds office of West Yorkshire Archive Service. The church has memorials to families who were prominent in the parish, including the Kitchingman, Fenton, Lodge, Milner, Cookson, and Ibbetsons.
Present
On 2 September 2012 Leeds Parish Church became a minster; it may be designated the pro-cathedral of the new Diocese of Leeds if the diocesan bishop so decides.
Vicars of Leeds from 1220 and Rectors of Leeds from 1991
Hugo 1220
Alanus de Shirburn 1242
Johannes de Feversham 1250
Galfridus de Sponden 1281
Gilbertus Gaudibus 1316
Alanus de Berewick 1320
William Brunby
William Mirfield 1392
Johannes Snagtall 1391
Robert Presselew 1408
Robert Newton
William Saxton 1418
Johannes Herbert 1424
Jacobus Baguley
Thomas Clarell, 1430
William Evre B.D. 1470
Johannes Frazer (Bishop of Ross) 1482
Matrinus Collins 1499
Robert Wranwash B.A. 1500
William Evre 1508
Johannes Thompson
Johannes Thornton
Christopher Bradley 1556
Alexander Fawvett 1559
Robert Cooke B.D. 1590
Alexander Cooke B.D. 1615
Henry Robinson B.C. 1632
Peter Saxton M.A. 1646
William Styles M.A. 1652
Johannes Lake D.D. 1661
Marmaduke Cooke D.D. 1663
Johannes Milner B.D. 1677
Johan. Killingbeck B. D. 1690
Josephus Cookson M.A. 1715
Samuel Kirshaw D.D. 1746
Peter Haddon M.A. 1786
Richard Fawcett M.A. 1815 – founder of The Choir of Leeds Parish Church
Walter Farquhar Hook D.D. 1837 (formerly vicar of Holy Trinity Church, Coventry, later Dean of Chichester Cathedral)
James Atlay D. D. 1859 (later Bishop of Hereford)
Canon James Russell Woodford D.D. 1868–1873 (later Bishop of Ely)
John Gott 1873–1885 (later Chaplain to the Bishop of Ripon; Dean of Worcester Cathedral from 1885; afterwards Bishop of Truro)
Francis John Jayne 1886–1888; afterwards Bishop of Chester
Edward Stuart Talbot 1888–1895 (later Bishop of Rochester then Bishop of Southwark and, finally Bishop of Winchester
Edgar Charles Sumner Gibson 1895–1905 (later Bishop of Gloucester)
Samuel Bickersteth 1905–1916 then Canon and later Librarian of Canterbury Cathedral
Bernard Oliver Francis Heywood 1916–1926 (subsequently Bishop of Southwell, later Bishop of Hull and finally Bishop of Ely)
Canon William Thompson Elliott 1926–1938 (later Canon of Westminster)
Canon Wilfred Marcus Askwith 1938–1942 (later Bishop of Blackburn, then Bishop of Gloucester
Canon Arthur Stretton Reeve MA 1943–1953 (later Bishop of Lichfield)
Canon C B Sampson 1953–1961 (formerly vicar of Maidstone, later Canon Residentiary of Ripon Cathedral)
Canon William Fenton Morley 1961–1971 (later Dean of Salisbury)
Canon Ronald Graham Gregory Foley 1972–1982 (later Bishop of Reading and Assistant Bishop in the Diocese of York)
Canon James John Richardson OBE 1982–1988 (subsequently Secretary of the Council of Christians and Jews, Rector of St Peter's Bournemouth and – in retirement – Canon Pastor of Sherborne Abbey.
Edward David Murfet, later Minor Canon at Ripon Cathedral was Priest-in-Charge prior to the establishment of the Parish of Leeds City in 1990
Rectors of Leeds from 1991
Canon Stephen John Oliver (born 1947) 1991–1997 (later Precentor of St Paul's Cathedral, then Bishop of Stepney until 2010)
Canon Graham Charles Morell Smith 1997–2005 (later Dean of Norwich)
Canon Anthony Francis Bundock 2005–2014. (later House for Duty Priest at Lacey Green, St John the Evangelist in the Princes Risborough Team Parish, Diocese of Oxford.
The Reverend Canon Charles Dobbin MBE Rector of the Moor Allerton Team Ministry took office as Interim Priest at Leeds Minster in November 2014 and undertook that work until September 2015.
The Reverend Canon Sam Corley was licensed as Rector-designate and Priest in Charge of the Parish of Leeds City on Tuesday 6 October 2015 at 7.30 pm. Canon Corley was installed as an Honorary Canon of Ripon Cathedral at Evensong in Ripon on Sunday 11 October.
The Reverend Canon Paul Maybury was licensed as Incumbent in December 2022.
Leeds is a city in West Yorkshire, England. It is the largest settlement in Yorkshire and the administrative centre of the City of Leeds Metropolitan Borough, which is the second most populous district in the United Kingdom. It is built around the River Aire and is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines. The city was a small manorial borough in the 13th century and a market town in the 16th century. It expanded by becoming a major production centre, including of carbonated water where it was invented in the 1760s, and trading centre (mainly with wool) for the 17th and 18th centuries.
Leeds developed as a mill town during the Industrial Revolution alongside other surrounding villages and towns in the West Riding of Yorkshire. It was also known for its flax industry, iron foundries, engineering and printing, as well as shopping, with several surviving Victorian era arcades, such as Kirkgate Market. City status was awarded in 1893, and a populous urban centre formed in the following century which absorbed surrounding villages and overtook the population of nearby York.
Leeds economy is the most diverse of all the UK's main employment centres, and has seen the fastest rate of private-sector jobs growth of any UK city and has the highest ratio of private to public sector jobs. Leeds is home to over 109,000 companies generating 5% of England's total economic output of £60.5 billion, and is also ranked as a gamma world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Leeds is considered the cultural, financial and commercial heart of the West Yorkshire Urban Area. Leeds is the largest legal and financial centre in the UK, with the financial and insurance services industry worth £13 billion to regional economy.
Leeds is also served by four universities, and has the fourth largest student population in the country and the country's fourth largest urban economy. The student population has stimulated growth of the nightlife in the city and there are ample facilities for sporting and cultural activities, including classical and popular music festivals, and a varied collection of museums.
Leeds has multiple motorway links such as the M1, M62 and A1(M). The city's railway station is, alongside Manchester Piccadilly, the busiest of its kind in Northern England. Public transport, rail and road networks in the city and wider region are widespread. It is the county's largest settlement with a population of 536,280, while the larger City of Leeds district has a population of 812,000 (2021 census). The city is part of the fourth-largest built-up area by population in the United Kingdom, West Yorkshire Built-up Area, with a 2011 census population of 1.7 million.
Loidis, from which Leeds, Yorkshire derives its name, was anciently a forested area of the Celtic kingdom of Elmet. The settlement certainly existed at the time of the Norman conquest of England and in 1086 was a thriving manor under the overlordship of Ilbert de Lacy. It gained its first charter from Maurice de Gant in 1207 yet only grew slowly throughout the medieval and Tudor periods. The town had become part of the Duchy of Lancaster and reverted to the crown in the medieval period, so was a Royalist stronghold at the start of the English Civil War.
In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Leeds prospered and expanded as a centre of the woollen industry and it continued to expand rapidly in the Industrial Revolution. Following a period of post industrial decline in the mid twentieth century Leeds' prosperity revived with the development of tertiary industrial sectors.
Name
The name "Leeds" is first attested in the form "Loidis": around 731 Bede mentioned it in book II, chapter 14 of his Historia ecclesiastica, in a discussion of an altar surviving from a church erected by Edwin of Northumbria, located in "...regione quae vocatur Loidis" ('the region known as Loidis'). This was evidently a regional name, but it subsequently occurs in the 1086 Domesday Book denoting a settlement, in the later Old English form Ledes. (The 1725 map by John Cossins spells it as Leedes.) The name is not Old English in form, so is presumably an Anglo-Saxonisation of an earlier Celtic name. It is hard to be sure what this name was; Mills's A Dictionary of British Place-Names prefers Celtic *Lādenses 'people living by the strongly flowing river'. This name may be derived from the Brittonic *lāto- meaning "rut, heat" (in animals ready to mate),[3] an element represented in Welsh as llawd, "heat", and possibly cognate to Greek plōtós, "flowing".
It has been surmised that the name denoted either a forest covering most of the kingdom of Elmet, which existed during the fifth century into the early seventh, or an early river-name, presumably that of the River Aire. An inhabitant of Leeds is locally known as a Loiner, possibly derived from Loidis.
Leeds City Council maintains "a photographic archive of Leeds" using the title "Leodis", thought to be an Old English or Celtic form of the name.
Prehistoric to Anglo-Saxon periods
There is no dependable reference to any place that might be associated with Leeds, before Bede's mention in circa 730 AD; and that was to a region rather than a village or town; thus little is known of any Roman, British or Anglo-Saxon predecessors to Leeds.
As well as scattered Bronze Age objects throughout the Leeds area, there were, according to 19th-century records, two Bronze Age barrows on Woodhouse Moor. In the pre-Roman and Roman Iron Age, the vicinity of Leeds was associated with the Brigantes; as well as possible Roman-period earthworks, a paved ford across the River Aire has been discovered, and is supposed to date to Roman times. Brigantian remains have been found in villages and towns in the vicinity of Leeds, and there are Roman remains in nearby settlements, notably at Adel, and at Alwoodley; in the suburb of Headingley a stone coffin was found in 1995 at Beckett's Park which is believed to date from Roman times.
Bede's account indicates activity in the vicinity of Leeds, though not necessarily near the town as it is now known: his unidentified place-name Campodonum might refer to an important place in the area; and one Abbot Thrythwulf had a monastery nearby in Bede's time, though it did not last long into the medieval period. Campodonum is possibly, Elmet capital and Roman fort (anylised as camp+(l)odonum), Cambodunum. Cambodunum is a possible earlier Latin form name of Camelot, likely due to its location and early Brittonic ties.
Evidence for major wealth and status comes from fragments of at least six stone crosses/other monuments, with the ninth- to tenth-century decoration characteristic of Anglo-Scandinavian culture, which were found in the fabric of the 14th-century Leeds Parish Church when it was demolished and replaced in 1838, now site of Leeds Minster. The best preserved, now in the modern church, depicts alongside other images the story of Wayland the Smith.
Leeds's profile was raised by the 2008-09 discovery of the West Yorkshire Hoard, a small, probably tenth- or eleventh-century treasure hoard of items from the early 7th century onwards, in the Leeds area. It seems likely that the Anglo-Saxon settlement consisted largely of an ecclesiastical site, a ford over the River Aire, and Kirkgate. Other evidence for occupation in the Anglo-Saxon period lies in the old Shire Oak at Headingley, which is believed to have lent its name to the wapentake of Skyrack, and in the presence of many places around Leeds which have the termination of their names in ley: such as Bramley, Rodley, Farnley, Armley, Wortley, and Farsley, which is derived from the Anglo-Saxon leah, an open place in the wood.
Norman period
Leeds parish is thought to have developed from a large British estate sub-divided, under Anglo-Saxon occupation, into smaller land holdings. The ancient estate straddled the wapentakes of Morley and Skyrack, encompassing Leeds, Headingley, Allerton, Gipton, Bramley, Armley, Farnley, Beeston and Ristone (Wortley). Leeds parish in Skyrack was the most important of these holdings. Leeds was then further sub divided so that when the first dependable historical record about Leeds (as "Ledes") was written in the Domesday book of 1086, it was recorded as having comprised seven small manors in the days of Edward the Confessor. At the time of the Norman conquest, Leeds was evidently a purely agricultural domain, of about 1,000 acres (4 km2) in extent. It was divided into seven manors, held by as many thanes; they possessed six ploughs; there was a priest, and a church, and a mill: its taxable value was six pounds. When the Domesday records were made, it had slightly increased in value; the seven thanes had been replaced by twenty-seven villeins, four sokemen, and four bordars. The villains were what we should now call day-labourers: the soke or soc men were persons of various degrees, from small owners under a greater lord, to mere husbandmen: the bordars are considered by most specialists in Domesday terminology to have been mere drudges, hewers of wood, drawers of water. The mill, when this survey was made, was worth four shillings. There were 10 acres (40,000 m2) of meadow. The tenant in chief was Ilbert de Lacy to whom William the Conqueror had granted a vast Honour stretching widely across country from Lincolnshire into Lancashire, and whose chief stronghold was at Pontefract Castle, a few miles to the south-east.
That Leeds was owned by one of the chief favourites of William was fortunate; the probability is that the lands of the de Lacy ownership were spared when the harrying of the North took place. While the greater part of the county was absolutely destitute of human life, and all the land northward lay blackened, Leeds in 1086 had a population of at least two hundred people.
There were two significant foci to the settlement; the area around the parish church and the main manorial landholding half a mile to the west of the church. In 1399, according to the Hardynge Chronicle, the captive Richard II was briefly imprisoned at Leeds, before being transported to another de Lacy property at Pontefract, where he was later executed.
The kyng then sent kyng Richard to Ledis,
there to be kepte durely in previtee;
fro thens after to Pykering went he needis,
and to Knaresbro' after led was he
but to pontefrete last where he did dee.
In 1147, Cistercian monks settled at Kirkstall, and there from about 1152 began to build Kirkstall Abbey.
First borough charter
Leeds was subinfeudated – along with much other land in Yorkshire, by the de Lacy family to the Paynel family; Ralph Paynel is mentioned often in the Domesday entries. He was one of the principal tenants-in-chief in Yorkshire. It was from a descendant of the Paynels, sometimes described as Maurice de Gant, that the inhabitants of Leeds received their first charter, in November, 1207. Leeds had the geographical advantages of being on a river crossing and being on the York to Chester route as well as being close to the Wharfedale to Skipton route through the Pennines. The manorial lords were keen to increase their revenues by exploiting these advantages.
The preamble of the charter reads:
"I Maurice Paynall have given and granted and by this charter confirmed to my burgesses of Leeds and their heirs franchise and free burgage and their tofts and with each toft half an acre of land for tillage to hold these of me and my heirs in fief and inheritance freely quit and honourably rendering annually to me and my heirs for each toft and half an acre of land sixteen pence at Pentecost and at Martinmas."
The charter made various provisions for the appointment of a bailiff (prator) to preside over a court of justice, to collect rents and dues, and to fine recalcitrants; others stipulated for aids when the lord needed monetary help, and placed tenants under obligation to grind corn at his mill and bake in his oven Leeds was granted some rights of self-government and it had burgesses who were freemen. Yet the charter granted to the townspeople of Leeds only the lowest conditions needed for urban development. It did not transform the manor into a borough but established a borough within a manor. It was not coextensive with the manor but consisted of only a group of tenements within it. The new town was laid out along the line of a street, later to be called Briggate, which was wide enough to hold a market, with about thirty burgage plots on either side. The south end of the street had a river crossing but the earliest recorded bridge, from which its name is derived (bridge gate), is in 1384. The population was small in 1207 and remained scanty for a long time afterwards. At the time of the Poll Tax of 1379 it appears not to have exceeded three hundred persons at the very outside; it was certainly one of the smallest towns in Yorkshire, such places as Snaith, Ripon, Tickhill, and Selby exceeding it in importance. Even in the thirteenth century, Leeds consisted of several distinct areas of habitation and activity. There was the old settlement around the parish church, the newly founded borough, the manor house and mill to the west and the town fields at Burmantofts (borough men's tofts). By establishing the borough the manorial revenues were increased and Leeds became more prosperous. Tax returns of 1334 and 1377 show that population of the whole parish before the Black Death was about 1,000 people of whom 350 to 400 lived in the central area including the borough. Leeds began to rank with the more prosperous towns to the east.
In 1217 Maurice de Gant lost the Leeds estate by figuring on the wrong side at the battle of Lincoln. His holding passed from him to Ranulf, Earl of Chester, and through him reverted to the de Lacy family; when the de Lacy estates became merged by marriage in the Duchy of Lancaster they passed to the royal family, and, on the accession of Henry IV, were absorbed into the possessions of the Crown.
Late Middle Ages
For four centuries after the Norman invasion, the growth of Leeds was slow. Its site had no particular military advantages: the great strategic position of that part of Yorkshire was at Pontefract, close by. It had, at first, no commercial values—it may have been that its first beginnings in its staple wool trade sprang from the wool growing of the Cistercians at Kirkstall Abbey, on its western borders. The township was concerned with little more than agriculture, and such trade as it knew was confined to those retailings which establish themselves wherever communities spring up—dealings in the necessities of life, which, reduced to a minimum, are merely food and clothing. The town itself was small—it was probably confined within a triangle formed on the lines of the present lower Briggate, Kirkgate, and the River Aire, with the parish church at one angle somewhere about, perhaps on, the site of the modern one. The streets would be narrow, unpaved and unlighted. The houses, in spite of the fact that stone is so plentiful in the district, were of wood, whitewashed, in many cases, thatched. St Mary's Whitkirk is the only medieval church remaining, a 15th-century building replacing an earlier one. All around the town lay the open fields and meadows, cultivated on the principle of strip-farming. And beyond these lay the forest of Elmet.
Tudor period and incorporation
The Tudor period was a time of transition for Leeds, from a relatively mean settlement to a solid cloth-trading town. In 1470, it was obscure enough to be described as being "near to Rothwell", which in the fifteenth century had the rights of a market town. By 1536, when John Leland visited it, he was able to report of it that it was a pretty market town which stood most by clothing and was as large as Bradford, though not so "quik", by which he evidently meant not so enterprising. Nevertheless, much of the old life and conditions still existed. The Crown was now over-lord, and had been so ever since the accession of Henry IV, and the folk still ground their corn at the King's mills and baked their bread at the King's oven. There was as yet no charter of incorporation, and though the people were rapidly approaching to conditions of liberty their lot was still not very appreciably different from that of their forefathers. Up to the end of the sixteenth century Leeds may be looked upon as existing in semi-feudalism.
There is no mention of education in Leeds until 1552, when one William Sheafield, who seems to have been a chantry priest of St. Catherine in Leeds, left property in the town for the establishment of a learned school-master who should teach freely for ever such scholars, youths, and children as should resort to him, with the wise proviso that the Leeds folk themselves should find a suitable building and make up the master's salary to ten pounds a year. Here is the origin of Leeds Grammar School which, first housed in the Calls, and subsequently—through the beneficence of John Harrison—in Lady Lane, had by the end of that century become an institution of vast importance.
As the sixteenth century drew to a close, and while the seventeenth was still young, the towns-folk of Leeds secured in the first instance at their own cost, in the second by a strictly limited Royal favour two important privileges—the right of electing their own vicar and of governing themselves in municipal affairs. In 1583 the town bought the advowson of the parish church from its then possessor, Oliver Darnley, for £130, and henceforth the successive vicars were chosen by a body of trustees—the most notably successful experiment in popular election which has ever been known in the National Church. In 1626, Leeds received its first charter of incorporation from Charles I. The charter, premising that Leeds in the County of York is an ancient and populous town, whose inhabitants are well acquainted with the Art and Mystery of making Woollen Cloths, sets up a governing body of one Alderman, nine Burgesses, and twenty Assistants. But the privilege for some years was a limited one: the Crown reserved to itself the rights of appointment to any of the thirty vacancies which might occur by death: popular election did not come for some time.
English Civil War and political representation
Eighteen years after the granting of the charter of incorporation, Leeds joined with other towns in the neighbourhood in a Memorial to the King wherein he was besought to settle his differences with the rebellious Parliament. Of this no notice was taken, and in the earlier stages of the Civil War the town was garrisoned for the Royal cause under Sir William Savile. But it was a very small Leeds which he occupied for the King in January 1643, having under him 500 horse and 1,500 foot. He made elaborate preparations for the defence of the place, digging a six-foot trench from St. John's Church by Upper Headrow, Boar Lane, and Swinegate to the banks of the river; erecting breastworks at the north end of the bridge, and placing demi-culverins in a position to sweep Briggate. Against him on Monday, January 23, advanced the redoubtable Sir Thomas Fairfax, at the head of a Parliamentary force which appears to have numbered at least 3000 horse and foot. Finding the bridge at Kirkstall broken down, Fairfax crossed the Aire at Apperley Bridge, and came on to Woodhouse Moor, from where he called on Savile to surrender. Savile returned the answer which was doubtless expected, and in the teeth of a heavy snowstorm, Fairfax led his troops forward to the assault. The action began about two o'clock of the afternoon and appears to have developed on all sides of the town. It rapidly went in favour of the assailants, and by four o'clock the Parliamentarian leaders and their troops were in Briggate and Boar Lane, while Savile and others were fleeing for their lives. Fairfax took nearly 500 prisoners and immediately released them on their promising not to take up arms against the Parliament on any further occasion. Though not a very great affair, it settled the question of King or Commons so far as that part of the West Riding was concerned.
The Puritan regime followed on the first successes of the Parliamentarians, and Leeds saw two Puritan ministers placed in the parish church and the new church of St. John. But in 1644 Leeds folk had something else to think: an epidemic, so serious as to rank with the medieval visitations of plague, broke out, and resulted in the death of 1300 inhabitants. The weekly markets were discontinued, and deaths occurred with such startling rapidity that it was impossible to keep pace with them in the parish registers.
In 1646 Charles I. came to Leeds a prisoner. After his surrender to the Scottish generals at Kelham, near Newark, he was led northward to Newcastle; on his return from that city, he spent one night in the house called Red Hall, in Upper Head Row.
It seems curious that up to the middle of the seventeenth century Leeds had never been directly represented in Parliament. Many now quite insignificant places in Yorkshire had sent members to the House of Commons from a very early period--Malton, Beverley, Northallerton had returned members as far back as 1298; Otley had had two members for centuries. But it was not until 1654 that Adam Baynes was returned to sit at Westminster; he was returned again two years later with Francis Allanson as a second member. This representation came to an end at the Restoration in 1660, and Leeds had no more members of Parliament until the Reform Act 1832. But in 1661 it received some concession from the Crown which was perhaps of more importance to it—a new Municipal Charter. There had been some readjustment of the old one in 1642, but Charles II's Charter was of a far-reaching nature. It set up a Mayor, twelve Aldermen, twenty-four Assistants or Councillors, a Town Clerk, and a Recorder; it also provided for local election to vacancies. From the Charter of Charles I and that of his son are derived the well-known arms of the town. The owls are the Savile owls famous throughout the county, where the Saviles have been legion; the mullets figured on the arms of Thomas Danby, first Mayor. The dependent sheep typifies the wool trade.
In 1715 the first history of Leeds was written by Ralph Thoresby, entitled Ducatus Leodiensis; or the Topography of the antient and populous Town and Parish of Leedes.
Leeds was mainly a merchant town, manufacturing woollen cloths and trading with Europe via the Humber estuary and the population grew from 10,000 at the end of the seventeenth century to 30,000 at the end of the eighteenth. As a gauge of the importance of the town, by the 1770s Leeds merchants were responsible for 30% of the country's woollen exports, valued at £1,500,000 when 70 years previously Yorkshire accounted for only 20% of exports.
Woollen cloth trade
During the Middle Ages, Cistercian monks, such as those at Kirkstall, were involved in sheep farming, and weaving was introduced to West Yorkshire during the reign of Edward III. Leland records the organised trading of woollen cloth in a market that took place on a bridge over the Aire, at the foot of Briggate; this trade occurred under tightly regulated conditions, including specific times. The cloth was predominantly manufactured in individual homes, in the villages surrounding Leeds. (Bradford, by contrast, was the centre of the worsted cloth trade.) There was a fulling mill at Leeds by 1400, and cloth dying may also have been an early centralised activity.
By the early 18th century, cloth trading had outstripped the capacity of the bridge, and had moved to trestle tables in up to two rows on each side of Briggate. Ralph Thoresby was involved in the establishment of the first covered cloth market, when with others he secured the permission of the 3rd Viscount Irwin, holder of the Manor of Leeds, to erect the White Cloth Hall. The fact of Wakefield having erected a trading hall in 1710 was almost certainly a driver of change. The new hall opened on 22 May 1711 (It lasted for 65 years before being removed to a new site in The Calls; by the mid-19th century it was taking place in a dedicated trading hall.) Daniel Defoe (c. 1720) mentions that Leeds traders also travelled all over the country, selling cloth on credit terms; and that an export trade existed. In 1758, a coloured or mixed cloth hall was built near Mill Hill – a quadrangular building 66 yards (60 m) by 128 yards (117 m), with capacity for 1800 trading stalls, initially let at three guineas per annum, but later at a premium of £24 per annum. (In the 1890s both the hall and a subsequent hall were demolished to make way for the new General Post Office and the Metropole Hotel.)
In 1831, a strike at Gotts Woollen Mill led to the establishment of the Yorkshire Trades Union. This soon dissolved, but in 1887 the Yeadon and Guiseley Factory Workers' Union was founded, this later becoming part of the National Union of Dyers, Bleachers and Textile Workers.
Industrial Revolution Expansion
The industrial revolution had resulted in the radical growth of Leeds whose population had risen to over 150,000 by 1840. The city's industrial growth was catalysed by the introduction of the Aire & Calder Navigation in 1699, Leeds and Liverpool Canal in 1816 and the railways from 1834 onwards; the first being the Leeds and Selby Railway opened on 22 September 1834. The first Leeds railway station was at Marsh Lane; the Leeds Wellington station was opened in 1848; the Central in 1854, and the New station in 1869. Little by little the town was linked up with Hull, York, Sheffield, Bradford, Dewsbury; with the Durham and Northumberland towns; with Manchester and Liverpool; and with the Midlands and London.
In 1893 Leeds had been granted city status. These industries that developed in the industrial revolution had included making machinery for spinning, machine tools, steam engines and gears as well as other industries based on textiles, chemicals and leather and pottery. Coal was extracted on a large scale and the still functioning Middleton Railway, the first successful commercial steam locomotive railway in the world, transported coal into the centre of Leeds. The track was the first rack railway and the locomotive (Salamanca) was the first to have twin cylinders.
Various areas in Leeds developed different roles in the industrial revolution. The city centre became a major centre of transport and commerce, Hunslet and Holbeck became major engineering centres. Armley, Bramley and Kirkstall became milling centres and areas such as Roundhay became middle class suburbs, the building of the Leeds Tramway allowing them better connections with the rest of the city.
Barnbow
Barnbow in Cross Gates was a large ammunitions factory producing ten thousand shells per week by August 1915. The worst tragedy ever to happen within Leeds (in terms of fatalities) happened at the Barnbow tragedy of 5 December 1916. 35 workers (all women aged 14 or over) were killed in the Barnbow Munitions Factory, which later became the Royal Ordnance Factory Barnbow. The plant employed 16,000 workers, from Leeds, Selby, Wakefield, Tadcaster and Wetherby and had its own railway station to cope with the daily influx of workers. The railway station had an 850-foot (260 m) platform and 38 special trains from surrounding towns and cities. An explosion from Hall 42 killed 35 workers and mutilated many more. Mechanic Mr William Parking was presented with an engraved silver watch for his bravery in saving factory workers during the incident.
Leeds Pals
During the First World War, regiments were made up of men from particular towns, meaning that if one regiment suffered heavy losses, a town or city would suffer heavy losses of its male population. Leeds was one city unfortunate enough to suffer this. By the Second World War, regiments weren't so geographically based. The battalion formed in 1914 and suffered its worse losses in the Battle of the Somme in 1916.
Inter-war
During the period between the two world wars, the Leeds Women Citizens League was active in advocating what women's needs for housing were to the national Women's Housing Sub-Committee. This was a parliamentary committee which was established in 1918 by the Ministry of Reconstruction in order discover what a woman's view on post-war housing would look life. Recommendations for the Leeds branch of the league included 'porcelain sinks with plugs' that children could be washed in, as well as 'an upstairs'.
Second World War
During the Second World War Leeds made a further contribution to the war effort, although it was perhaps less historically notable than that of the first. Although the result of the sinking of the third Royal naval vessel named 'Ark Royal' which was Leeds's adopted ship the people of Leeds raised over £9 million in 1942 for a new ship, surpassing the £5 million target.
Bombing
Leeds escaped the worst of The Blitz, due mainly to its inland location and lack of any significant industrial targets. On the night of the 14 March and early hours of 15 March 1941, Leeds received its worst night of Luftwaffe bombing. Beeston had more bombs dropped on it than any other district of the city, yet escaped with the least damage. Flaxton Terrace was the only street to be damaged during the night-time blackout air raid, with nearly all the other bombs landing on Cross Flatts Park. In his 2005 poem 'Shrapnel' poet Tony Harrison, who was in Beeston on the night of the raid, speculates whether this was an act of heroism by the Luftwaffe pilot, a theory that has been explored ever since the raid. Significant damage was also caused in Holbeck and Headingley, while the Eastern side of the Town Hall was damaged. Bombs were also dropped on the Woodhouse area during nighttime air raids, as the Luftwaffe attempted to destroy an industrial target.
Thorp Arch
ROF Thorp Arch was the main munitions factory in the area at this time. The facility which is now a trading estate and retail park, was situated near Wetherby and like Barnbow featured significant railway facilities. The works suffered minor damage from bombing raids. People from all over West Yorkshire travelled to work at the facility by train from Leeds and Wetherby stations.
Yeadon
The town of Yeadon housed the underground factory that manufactured the parts for Avro Lancaster bombers. The factory was located alongside the current Leeds Bradford Airport.
Rodley
Rodley to the west had two factories, Smiths and Booths, that manufactured cranes and had been converted to make bombs.
Modern history
By the 20th century this social and economic had started to change with the creation of the academic institutions that are known today as the University of Leeds and Leeds Beckett University. This period had also witnessed expansion in medical provision, particularly Leeds General Infirmary and St James's Hospital. Following the Second World War there has been, as in many other cities, a decline in secondary industries that thrived in the 19th century. However this decline was reversed in the growth of new tertiary industries such as finance retail, call centres, offices and media. Today Leeds is known as one of eight core cities that act as a focus of their respective regions and Leeds is generally regarded as the dominant city of the ceremonial county of West Yorkshire.
The life and contributions of Civil War hero and 19th U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes was celebrated during a wreath laying ceremony at his tomb in Fremont, Ohio, Oct. 5, 2014.
The ceremony served as the capstone event for a weekend celebration at the Hayes estate which hosted more than a 1,000 visitors. The celebration included hundreds of Civil War era costumed re-enactors, period exhibits and re-enactment of the second Battle of Kernstown.
Army Reserve Brig. Gen. R.A. Bassford, deputy commanding general of the 88th RSC, officiated the ceremony on behalf of President Barrack Obama and paid tribute in his stead.
Opening the ceremony was Christie Weininger, Executive Director of the Hayes Presidential Center, who said Hayes was a man who was very much committed to his country and preserving the Union.
“…when war was becoming eminent, he and his wife Lucy talked a great deal about what he would do,” said Weininger. “This was a man in his late 30’s, a successful lawyer, a husband and father of three young children.”
“Answering that question,” said Weininger, “Hayes wrote that he would much rather enter this coming conflict and die than to live a long full life and had sat out during one of the most important events in our country’s history.”
Bassford continued the tribute by recalling to the audience stories drawn from Hayes’ lifetime of service to the Nation. Actions which still serve as an example for the leaders and service-members of today.
In 1864, then a Union Army General serving in the Civil War, Hayes was nominated to run for the House of Representatives and asked to return to Ohio in order to campaign. Having been in a number of battles and wounded twice, he refused the request, said Bassford.
“In a response to those who nominated him,” said Bassford, “Hayes wrote an officer fit for duty who at this crisis would abandon his post to electioneer for a seat in Congress ought to be scalped.”
“The key word here is duty,” said Bassford. “To do what you see as necessary, regardless of what your personal interest and desires might be – to place the greater good ahead of your own personal advantage.”
“Hayes refused to leave his post, ...but was elected to the House despite his refusal to campaign,” said Bassford. “Throughout his life he did well by doing what was right.”
“Hayes was a man who served his country honorably and well – a man who deserves our respect and admiration,” said Bassford.
*Learn more about President Rutherford B. Hayes by visiting www.rbhayes.org/hayes/president/