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Starting life in 1984 with West Midlands PTE, former A107WVP is still seeing service as a Wedding Bus in Cyprus. It is in immaculate condition.
Operator: Bataan Transit Co Inc
Fleet no# 527
Classification: Air Conditioned Provincial Bus
Route: Balanga Bataan-Cubao Quezon City
Seats configuration: 2x2
Type of operation: Provincial Operation (Regular)
Area of operation: Region 3 (Central Luzon)
Unit: Hyundai Aero Space LS
Coachbuilder: Hyundai Motor Company Korea
Chassis: KMJKJ
Engine: D6AC
Shot Location: SM Robinsons Pampanga Gapan-Olongapo Rd City of San Fernando Pampanga
It's a condition of using my photos under Creative Commons that you lilnk to Help Me To Save in attribution: www.helpmetosave.com/
A top condition Mayflower, one that appears to get to quite a few shows locally. I suspect a long term keeper but I can't get the full details.
Not a model that garners a lot of love in general, this must be one of the best survivors.
. . . fixing the knife at the left leg of the cocks
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A cockfight is a blood sport between two roosters (cocks), or more accurately gamecocks, held in a ring called a cockpit. The history of raising fowl for fighting goes back 6,000 years. The first documented use of the word gamecock, denoting use of the cock as to a "game", a sport, pastime or entertainment, was recorded in 1646, after the term "cock of the game" used by George Wilson, in the earliest known book on the sport of cockfighting in The Commendation of Cocks and Cock Fighting in 1607. But it was during Magellan's voyage of discovery of the Philippines in 1521 when modern cockfighting was first witnessed and documented by Antonio Pigafetta, Magellan's chronicler, in the kingdom of Taytay.
The combatants, referred to as gamecocks, are specially bred birds, conditioned for increased stamina and strength. The comb and wattle are cut off in order to meet show standards of the American Gamefowl Society and the Old English Game Club and to prevent freezing in colder climates (the standard emerged from the older practice of severing the comb, wattles, and earlobes of the bird in order to remove anatomical vulnerabilities, similar to the practice of docking a dog's tail and ears).
Cocks possess congenital aggression toward all males of the same species. Cocks are given the best of care until near the age of two years. They are conditioned, much like professional athletes prior to events or shows. Wagers are often made on the outcome of the match.
Cockfighting is a blood sport due in some part to the physical trauma the cocks inflict on each other, which is sometimes increased for entertainment purposes by attaching metal spurs to the cocks' natural spurs. While not all fights are to the death, the cocks may endure significant physical trauma. In some areas around the world, cockfighting is still practiced as a mainstream event; in some countries it is regulated by law, or forbidden outright. Advocates of the "age old sport" often list cultural and religious relevance as reasons for perpetuation of cockfighting as a sport.
PROCESS
Two owners place their gamecock in the cockpit. The cocks fight until ultimately one of them dies or is critically injured. Historically, this was in a cockpit, a term which was also used in the 16th century to mean a place of entertainment or frenzied activity. William Shakespeare used the term in Henry V to specifically mean the area around the stage of a theatre. In Tudor times, the Palace of Westminster had a permanent cockpit, called the Cockpit-in-Court.
HISTORY
Cockfighting is an ancient spectator sport. There is evidence that cockfighting was a pastime in the Indus Valley Civilization. The Encyclopædia Britannica (2008) holds:
The sport was popular in ancient times in India, China, Persia, and other Eastern countries and was introduced into Ancient Greece in the time of Themistocles (c. 524–460 BC). For a long time the Romans affected to despise this "Greek diversion", but they ended up adopting it so enthusiastically that the agricultural writer Columella (1st century AD) complained that its devotees often spent their whole patrimony in betting at the side of the pit.
Based on his analysis of a Mohenjo-daro seal, Iravatham Mahadevan speculates that the city's ancient name could have been Kukkutarma ("the city [-rma] of the cockerel [kukkuta]"). However, according to a recent study, "it is not known whether these birds made much contribution to the modern domestic fowl. Chickens from the Harappan culture of the Indus Valley (2500–2100 BC) may have been the main source of diffusion throughout the world." "Within the Indus Valley, indications are that chickens were used for sport and not for food" (Zeuner 1963) and that by 1000 BC they had assumed "religious significance".
Some additional insight into the pre-history of European and American secular cockfighting may be taken from the The London Encyclopaedia:
At first cockfighting was partly a religious and partly a political institution at Athens; and was continued for improving the seeds of valor in the minds of their youth, but was afterwards perverted both there and in the other parts of Greece to a common pastime, without any political or religious intention.
An early image of a fighting rooster has been found on a 6th-century BC seal of Jaazaniah from the biblical city of Mizpah in Benjamin, near Jerusalem. Remains of these birds have been found at other Israelite Iron Age sites, when the rooster was used as a fighting bird; they are also pictured on other seals from the period as a symbol of ferocity, such as the late-7th-century BC red jasper seal inscribed "Jehoahaz, son of the king", which likely belonged to Jehoahaz of Judah "while he was still a prince during his father's life".
The anthropologist Clifford Geertz wrote the influential essay Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight, on the meaning of the cockfight in Balinese culture.
REGIONAL VARIATIONS
In some regional variations, the birds are equipped with either metal spurs (called gaffs) or knives, tied to the leg in the area where the bird's natural spur has been partially removed. A cockspur is a bracelet (often made of leather) with a curved, sharp spike which is attached to the leg of the bird. The spikes typically range in length from "short spurs" of just over an inch to "long spurs" almost two and a half inches long. In the highest levels of 17th century English cockfighting, the spikes were made of silver. Ironically, the sharp spurs have been known to injure or even kill the bird handlers. In the naked heel variation, the bird's natural spurs are left intact and sharpened: fighting is done without gaffs or taping, particularly in India (especially in Tamil Nadu). There it is mostly fought naked heel and either three rounds of twenty minutes with a gap of again twenty minutes or four rounds of fifteen minutes each and a gap of fifteen minutes between them.
Nicaragua, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, France, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Philippines, Peru, Panama, Puerto Rico, Canary Islands, Saipan, and Guam have arenas with seats or bleachers for spectators surrounding the ring. Among the competitors who raise fighting cocks, there is great pride in the prowess of their birds and in winning a championship.
AMERICAS
CUBA
Cockfighting is a popular activity in Cuba. It is a seasonal sport, held only during the coolest months of the year (November to April). Cocks are not ready to fight and their plumage moults during the warmest months (May to October).
In Cuba the tradition is to fix detachable natural (non-artificial) spurs to both legs of the fighting cocks. Before fixing the detachable spurs, the natural spurs should be trimmed, leaving a trunk not longer than 3 millimeters. The final length of the detached spurs ranks from 22 to 25 millimeters according to the relevance of the match.
Cockfights are held in a round arena commonly called valla, surrounded by a small fence around which the spectators are accommodated.
Comb and wattles should be previously trimmed but feathers should not be necessarily groomed as well, although tradition imposes an extensive feather trimming. The feathers of the chest, hackle and thighs are generally shorn completely off. The reasons for this vary among individual game fowl enthusiasts (see also Gamecock).
Cocks should have a weight within the rank of 50–69 Castilian Ounces (2300–3180 grams) to be admitted.
The combatants are strictly paired up to fight according to their body weight. The allowed difference in weight between the contenders ranks from half to one ounce (14–29 grams) according to the body weight.
Fights are limited to a single round of 30 minutes, but statistics show that more than 50% of the fights end within the first five minutes.
The persons proved to be betting are severely punished with a temporary or definite expulsion from the tournaments and the prohibition to participate in further meetings.
MEXICO
Cockfighting in Mexico has been taking place for over a hundred years. In Aguascalientes, a state capital, one of the city's principal concert halls is the cockfighting arena, the palenque. Palenques are very common throughout the country, with almost every major city having one, and are closely related to Mexican traditional music performers, such as Vicente Fernández, and also being (as mentioned below) the stage for pop artists as well. During the San Marcos Fair, well known throughout Mexico, cockfights alternate with important concerts, where the singers or dancers perform from the cockpit. Many popular singers have performed there, e.g. Latin Grammy winners Alejandro Fernández and Alejandra Guzmán.Cockfighting remains legal in the municipality of Ixmiquilpan.
PERU
In Peru, cockfighting is allowed and it takes place in coliseums with round sand fields. Only a judge and two managers each carrying a cock are allowed in the field. Judges use tables to facilitate the refereeing of fights.
Cockfighting championships of Peru are of two kinds, Beak and Spur. The Peruvian Razor Rooster ('Gallo Navajero Peruano') features in Spur fights. In Spur fights the weight and size of the rooster varies. There are free weight championships as well.
The most important cockfighting championships take place in the Lima Region at the Coliseums Sandia, Rosedal, Abraham Wong, The Peruvian Cockfighting Circle's Coliseum and The Valentino, of the Rooster Breeders' Association of Peru.
BRAZIL
Cockfighting, known in Brazil as rinha de galos ("baiting the rooster"), was banned in 1934 with the help of President Getúlio Vargas through Brazil's 1934 constitution, passed on 16 July. Based on the recognition of animals in the Constitution, a Brazilian Supreme Court ruling resulted in the ban of animal related activities that involve claimed "animal suffering such as cockfighting, and a tradition practiced in southern Brazil, known as 'Farra do Boi' (the Oxen Festival)", stating that "animals also have the right to legal protection against mistreatment and suffering".
ASIA
SOUTHEAST ASIA
Cockfighting is common throughout all of Southeast Asia, where it is implicated in spreading bird flu. Like Islam, Christianity might shun the belief in spirits, but in Southeast Asia, indigenous interpretations of the veneration of saints and passion plays dominate. In the Christian northern Philippines, respect is accorded the veneration of traditional anito (spirits), shamans number in the thousands and Catholic priests are powerless to stop cockfighting, a popular form of fertility worship among almost all Southeast Asians. Also in rural northern Thailand a religious ceremony honoring ancestral spirits takes place known as "faun phii", spirit dance or ghost dance, and includes offerings for ancestors with spirit mediums sword fighting, spirit possessed dancing, and "spirit mediums cockfighting", in a spiritual cockfight.
INDONESIA
Cockfighting is a very old tradition in Balinese Hinduism, the Batur Bang Inscriptions I (from the year 933) and the Batuan Inscription (dated 944 on the Balinese Caka calendar) disclose that the tabuh rah ritual has existed for centuries. In Bali, cockfights, known as tajen, are practiced in an ancient religious purification ritual to expel evil spirits. This ritual, a form of animal sacrifice, is called tabuh rah ("pouring blood"). The purpose of tabuh rah is to provide an offering (the blood of the losing chicken) to the evil spirits. Cockfighting is a religious obligation at every Balinese temple festival or religious ceremony. Cockfights without a religious purpose are considered gambling in Indonesia, although it is still largely practiced in many parts of Indonesia. Women are generally not involved in the tabuh rah process.
All forms of gambling, including the gambling within secular cockfighting, were made illegal in 1981 by the Indonesian government, while the religious aspects of cockfighting within Balinese Hinduism remain protected.
The American anthropologist Clifford Geertz published his most famous work, Notes on the Balinese Cockfight, on the practice of cockfights in Bali. In it, he argued that the cockfight served as a pastiche or model of wider Balinese society from which judgments about other aspects of the culture could be drawn.
JAPAN
Cockfighting is similar to boxing for the younger roosters as they battle for a victory with their blunt natural spurs or lack thereof and after maturity they battle with their mature natural spurs which may have become pointed. Despite fighting cocks allowed to be used in cockfighting, "the state has designated them a protected species".
INDIA
Cockfighting (Vetrukkaal seval porr in Tamil which means "naked heel cockfight") (Kodi Pandem in Telugu) (Kori katta in Tulu) is a favourite sport of people living in the coastal region of Andhra Pradesh, Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts of Tulu Nadu region of Karnataka, and the state of Tamil nadu India. Three- or four-inch blades (Bal in Tulu) are attached to the cocks' legs. Knockout fights to the death are widely practised in Andhra Pradesh. In Tamil Nadu, the winner is decided after three or four rounds. People watch with intense interest surrounding the cocks. The sport has gradually become a gambling sport.
In Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tanjore, Trichy and Salem Districts, only naked heel sport is performed. In Erode, Thiruppur, Karur and Coimbatore districts only bloody blade fights are conducted. During festival seasons, this is the major game for men. Women normally don't participate. There are many rare breeds preserved by these cockfighters.
The cockfight, or more accurately expressed the secular cockfight, is an intense sport, recreation, or pastime to some, while to others, the cockfight remains an ancient religious ritual, a sacred ceremony (i.e. a religious and spiritual cockfight) associated with the ‘daivasthanams’ (temples) and held at the temples precincts. In January 2012 at India's 'Sun God' Festival the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) district committee, demanded that police not interfere in the cockfighting known as ‘kozhi kettu’ as it is a part of the temple rituals, while the police replied they would not interfere if the cockfight is held at a temple.
IRAQ
Cockfighting is illegal but widespread in Iraq. The attendees come to gamble or just for the entertainment. A rooster can cost up to $8,000. The most-prized birds are called Harati, which means that they are of Turkish or Indian origin, and have muscular legs and necks.
PAKISTAN
Cockfighting is a popular sport in rural Pakistan; however, "betting is illegal under the Prevention of Gambling Act 1977". Betting is illegal, but police often turn a blind eye towards it. In Sindh (one of 4 major provinces of Pakistan), people are fond of keeping fighting cock breed, known as Sindhi aseel in Pakistan. These cocks are noted being tall, heavy and good at fighting. Another popular breed is called Asil chicken|Mianwali Aseel. In Sindh Gamblor or Khafti uses Almond and other power enhancing medicines to feed the fighter cocks.
PHILIPPINES
Cockfighting, locally termed Sabong, is a popular pastime in the Philippines where both illegal and legal cockfights occur. Legal cockfights are held in cockpits every week, whilst Illegal ones called tupada or tigbakay, are held in secluded cockpits where authorities cannot raid them. In both types, knives or gaffs are used. There are two kinds of knives used in Philippine cockfighting. The single edge blade (use in derbies) and double edged blades, lengths of knives also vary. All knives are attached on the left leg of the bird, but depending on agreement between owners, blades can be attached on the right or even on both legs. Sabong and illegal tupada, are judged by a referee called sentensyador or koyme, whose verdict is final and not subject to any appeal. Bets are usually taken by the kristo, so named because of his outstretched hands when calling out wagers from the audience and skillfully doing so purely from memory.
The country has hosted several World Slasher Cup derbies, held biannually at the Smart Araneta Coliseum, Quezon City, where the world's leading game fowl breeders gather. World Slasher Cup is also known as the "Olympics of Cockfighting".
Cockfighting was already flourishing in pre-colonial Philippines, as recorded by Antonio Pigafetta, the Italian diarist aboard Ferdinand Magellan’s 1521 expedition. Cockfighting in the Philippines is derived from the fact that it shares elements of Indian and other Southeast Asian cultures, where the jungle fowl (bankivoid) and Oriental type of chicken are endemic.
OCEANIA
In the Mariana Islands in Micronesia, the sport of cockfighting has been considered a "cultural tradition" dating back to Spanish rule. Cockfighting became more popular with an influx of Filipino immigrants to the islands before and after World War II. Fights are held throughout the week at a government licensed pit in the village of Dededo, Guam, and in other villages during fiestas, where a patron saint of the village is celebrated. Imported roosters and hens from the U.S. mainland fetch heavy prices that can reach as much as a thousand dollars each. On the island of Saipan, north of Guam, legal cockfighting takes place several times a week in an arena called the Dome in the village of Gualo Rai.
OTHER BIRD SPECIES
In 2009, authorities caught and shut down an illegal songbird-fighting ring in Shelton, Connecticut that had been using saffron finches and canaries. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals commented that such songbird fighting is extremely rare. The ancient Greeks used to practice quail fighting, using the common quail Coturnix coturnix. Also in south east Asia and ancient China were used to practice "quail fighting", but using the female buttonquails.
LEGAL STATUS
In many places, cockfights and other animal fights have been outlawed, often based on opposition to gambling or animal cruelty. It has been banned outright in the United Kingdom since the 19th Century, however in some states of the USA, it is not illegal to possess, raise, train, advertise, or trade cocks or accoutrements that could be used for cockfighting. However, actively participating in a cockfight in any manner is illegal: advertising, transporting participants or spectators, placing wagers, hosting an event, etc. It is common for law enforcement to confiscate property associated with any cockfighting activity.
ASIA
INDIA
India's judiciary has ordered to ban the sport, saying it violated Prevention of Cruelity to Animals act. But it remains hugely popular, especially in rural areas, with large amount of betting involved.[
PHILIPPINES
There is no nationwide ban of cockfighting in the Philippines but since 1948, cockfighting is prohibited every Rizal Day on December 30 where violators can be fined or imprisoned due to the Republic Act No. 229.
EUROPE
SPAIN
Cockfighting is legal in the Canary Islands and Andalusia. Organisations such as the WWF/Adena and some political parties are trying to ban it there too. The law allows it but tries to make it disappear "naturally" by blocking its expansion. Contrasting with the rest of the country (except with Catalonia), bullfighting is instead forbidden in the Canary Islands, since it is not considered traditional, unlike cockfighting.
Cockfighting is also legal in Andalusia in the cities and villages where it is considered traditional. With its famous Jerezanos race of fighting cocks, the Cádiz province is the most popular centre of cockfighting in Andalusia.
UNITED KINGDOM
Cockfighting was banned outright in England and Wales and in the British Overseas Territories with the Cruelty to Animals Act 1835. Sixty years later, in 1895, cockfighting was also banned in Scotland, where it had been relatively common in the 18th century. A reconstructed cockpit from Denbigh in North Wales may be found at St Fagans National History Museum in Cardiff and a reference exists in 1774 to a cockpit at Stanecastle in Scotland.
According to a 2007 report by the RSPCA, cockfighting in England and Wales was still taking place, but had declined in recent years.
FRANCE
Holding cockfights is a crime in France, but there is an exemption under subparagraph 3 of article 521–1 of the French penal code for cockfights and bullfights in locales where an uninterrupted tradition exists for them. Thus, cockfighting is allowed in the Nord-Pas de Calais region, in Metropolitan France, where it takes place in a small number of towns including Raimbeaucourt, La Bistade and other villages around Lille. On Réunion Island, there are five officially authorized gallodromes (i.e. cockfighting arenas). The Nord-Pas-de-Calais has a dozen gallodromes, that also target the Belgian associations of aficionados, who travel to France to avoid the prohibition of cockfighting in Belgium. The Nord-Pas-de Calais has its own race of fighting cocks the "Combattant de Nord".
There is currently a flow of British aficionados to cockfights that come from January to June to the Nord-Pas-de-Calais to participate in the cockfights. Some of them have been arrested at the British border for transporting cockerels or material for cockfights, which has led to a small cottage industry of British-owned cockerel farms. Likewise, some caretakers in Nord-Pas-de-Calais cater exclusively to British cockfighters who, by law, are not permitted to transport and care for their birds in the United Kingdom.
AMERICAS
COSTA RICA
Cockfights have been illegal in Costa Rica since 1922. The government deems the activity as animal cruelty, public disorder and a risk for public health and is routinely repress by the State's National Secretary for Animal Welfare.
CUBA
Cockfighting was so common during the Cuban colonization by Spain, that there were arenas in every urban and rural town. The first official known document about cockfighting in Cuba dates from 1737. It is a royal decree asking, to the governor of the island, a report about the inconveniences that might cause cockfights "with the people from land and sea" and asking for information about rentals of the games. The Spaniard Miguel Tacón, Lieutenant General and governor of the colony, banned cockfighting by a decree dated on October 20, 1835, limiting these spectacles only to holidays.
In 1844 a decree dictated by the Captain General of the island, es:Leopoldo O'Donnell, forbade to non-white people the attendance to these shows. During the second half of the 19th century many authorizations were conceded for building arenas, until General es:Juan Rius Rivera, then civilian governor in Havana, prohibited cockfighting by a decree of October 31. 1899 and later the Cuban governor, General Leonard Wood, dictated the military order No. 165 prohibiting cockfights in the whole country since June 1, 1900.
In the first half of the 20th century, legality of cockfights suffered several ups and downs.
In 1909 the then Cuban president es:José Miguel Gómez, with the intention to gain followers, allowed cockfights once again, and then regulations were agreed for the fights.
Up to beginnings of 1968 cockfights used to be held everywhere in the country, but with the purpose of stopping the bets, the arenas were closed and the fights forbidden by the authorities. In 1980 authorities legallized cockfights again and a state business organization was created with the participation of the private breeders, grouped in territories. Every year the state organization announces several national tournaments from January to April, makes trade shows and sells fighting cocks to clients from other Caribbean countries.
UNITED STATES
In the United States, cockfighting is now illegal in all fifty U.S. states and the District of Columbia. The last state to implement a state law banning cockfighting was Louisiana; the Louisiana State Legislature voted to approve a Louisiana ban in June 2007. The ban took effect in August 2008. Thirty-three states and the District of Columbia have made cockfighting a felony. It is illegal in all fifty states to knowingly attend a cockfight or bring a minor to the event. On February 7, 2014 President Obama signed the Farm Bill which contained the U.S. H.R. 366/S. 666—Animal Fighting Spectator Prohibition Act. "The final bill includes a provision making it a federal crime to attend or bring a child under the age of 16 to an animal fighting event[.]" "The Animal Fighting Spectator Prohibition Act would make it a federal offense to knowingly attend an organized animal fight and would impose additional penalties for bringing children to animal fights. Violators would face up to one year in prison for attending a fight, and up to three years in prison for bringing a minor to a fight." In the District of Columbia it is illegal to be a spectator at cockfights. Animal welfare activists continue to lobby for a ban on the sport.
Cockfighting remains legal in the unincorporated US territories of Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, and Guam; particularly in Guam and Puerto Rico, cockfighting is a popular spectator pastime with centuries of tradition, thanks to the islands' shared history as Spanish colonies. In 2006, the Virgin Islands adopted a law banning modifications such as the use of artificial spurs. This move, along with the aforementioned 2014 farm bill, sparked fears that cockfighting would be banned everywhere on US soil, but as of 2015 these fears have not materialized.
The Animal Fighting Prohibition Enforcement Act, a federal law that made it a federal crime to transfer cockfighting implements across state or national borders and increasing the penalty for violations of federal animal fighting laws to three years in prison became law in 2007. It passed the House of Representatives 368–39 and the Senate by unanimous consent and was signed into law by President George W. Bush.
The Animal Welfare Act was amended again in 2008 when provisions were included in the 2008 Farm Bill (P.L. 110-246). These provisions tightened prohibitions on dog and other animal fighting activities, and increase penalties for violation of the act.
On February 8, 2014, law enforcement made New York State's largest cockfighting bust where they seized three thousand birds and arrested roughly seventy people across three counties. The investigation was deemed the name "Operation Angry Birds" and they made three raids: a cockfight in Queens; a pet shop in Brooklyn; and a farm in Plattekill. The raids were performed by the task force, along with New York State Police, the Homeland Security Department and the Ulster County sheriff's office. Upon entry of the Queens cockfight, authorities found the birds in small cages with razors attached to them. The seventy individuals who attended the event were taken into custody. All but nine of these men were let go. The nine men were given felony arrests and animal-fighting charges.
On July 26, 2014, Princess Irina of Romania, and her husband John Walker, appeared in federal court in Portland, Oregon in connection with running illegal cockfights they held in Irrigon, Oregon in 2012 and 2013. The couple was originally charged with twelve counts including operating an illegal gaming business, conspiracy, and violating the Animal Welfare Act but they agreed to "sell their ranch and forfeit $200,000 to the government in lieu of incarceration".
AUSTRALIA
Cockfighting, and the possession of cockfighting equipment, is illegal in Australia.
NOTABLE COCKFIGHTERS
Chicken George (born c. 1807), son of Kizzy and slave owner Tom Moore, grandson of Kunta Kinte, and ancestor of Alex Haley, was a cockfighter in the United States and England.
IN POPULAR CULTURE
Cockfighting has inspired artists in several fields to create works which depict the activity. Several organizations, including the University of South Carolina, Jacksonville State University in Jacksonville, Alabama, and London football team Tottenham Hotspur F.C. have a gamecock as their mascot.
IN MUSIC
Cockfighting has also been mentioned in songs such as Kings of Leon's Four Kicks and Bob Dylan's song "Cry a While" from the album Love and Theft. The story song "El Gallo del Cielo" by Tom Russell is entirely about cockfighting, and the lyrics utilize detailed imagery of fighting pits, gamecocks, and gambling on the outcome of the fights. Cockfighting has also been in Korean boy band Exo's music video for "Lotto".
IN VISUAL ARTS
The painting "The Cock Fight" (1846) an academic exercise of the French painter Jean-Léon Gérôme, Vainqueur au combat de coqs (1864) bronze statue from the French sculptor Alexandre Falguière and the painting "Cockfight" (1882) from the Flemish painter Emile Claus are samples of the presence of cockfighting in visual arts.
The Expressionist painter Sir Robin Philipson, of Edinburgh, was well known for his series of works that included depictions of cockfighting.
The 1930 cartoon Mexico shows Oswald the Lucky Rabbit challenging a bear in a cockfight. The 1938 cartoon Honduras Hurricane features the pirate John Silver forcing Captain Katzenjammer into a rigged cockfight. Other cartoon depictions portray humanized roosters treating cockfights like boxing matches; these cartoons include Disney's Cock o' the Walk (1936), MGM's Little Bantamweight (1938), and Walter Lantz's The Bongo Punch (1958).
Live-action films that include scenes of the sport include the 1964 Mexican film El Gallo De Oro, the 1965 film The Cincinnati Kid, and the 1974 film Cockfighter, directed by Monte Hellman (based on the novel of the same name by Charles Willeford).
The 1990 film No Fear, No Die centers around two men who are part of an illegal cockfighting ring.
Cockfighting is depicted twice in the 2011 film The Rum Diary (film).
The Spike TV show 1000 Ways to Die features a death involving a cockfight, where a man who bets on a rooster attaches razors to its claws to ensure its winning, but is slashed to death himself.
In the Seinfeld episode "The Little Jerry", Kramer enters his rooster into a cockfight in order to get one of Jerry's bounced checks removed from a local bodega where the cockfights actually take place.
In the HBO series Eastbound & Down, Kenny Powers moves to Mexico and is in the cockfighting business until his cock "Big Red" dies.
The 2011 Tamil film Aadukalam revolves around the practice of cockfighting in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. In the FX Network's police drama, "The Shield" episode titled "Two Days of Blood" (season #1, episode #12), Detective Shane Vendrell and Detective Curt Lemansky go undercover in a cockfighting event to track down an illegal arms smuggler.
IN LITERATURE
Nathanael West's 1939 novel The Day of the Locust includes a detailed and graphic cockfighting scene, as does the Alex Haley novel Roots: The Saga of an American Family and the miniseries based on it. In literature, a description of a bordertown cockfight fiesta can be found in On the Border: Portraits of America's Southwestern Frontier. Charles Willeford wrote a novel, Cockfighter, which gives a detailed account of the protagonist's life as a 'cocker'. Abraham Valdelomar's 1918 tale El Caballero Carmelo depicts a cockfight between the protagonist, a cock named Carmelo, and his rival Ajiseco from a child's perspective, who considered this bird as an heroic member of his family.
In martial arts
The term "human cockfighting" was used by United States senator John McCain to describe mixed martial arts, which at the time he was campaigning to ban.
IN VIDEO GAMES
The video game Law & Order: Legacies uses a cockfight as a plot point. With a man having died because of a rooster with a spur had slashed him, but with a twist that he would have survived if his wife had called the police.
In 2016 Edge Games launched the world's first Virtual Cockfighting sports betting game.
Square Enix's video game Sleeping Dogs allows the player character to spectate and bet on various virtual cockfights based around the game's rendition of the city of Hong Kong.
IN RELIGION
Augustine of Hippo once described a cockfight in spiritual terms: "in every motion of these animals unendowed with reason there was nothing ungraceful since, of course, another higher reason was guiding everything they did".
WIKIPEDIA
Alabaster, Early Dynastic II-III, ca. mid-3rd millennium B.C.E.
H. 34.8 cm.
Condition: face reaffixed; bust reaffixed to legs, with a strip filled in below belt at back and with a section filled over stomach between belt knot and clasped hands; right arm reaffixed, two small wedges filled, consolidated with glue here and there. Abrasion to tip of penis and testicles.
Missing: back of head, upper right side of face with half of eye, section of beard, left elbow, inverted V-shaped wedge on lower right side of right leg and a large diagonal section sliced from upper front to end of back of left thigh.
Also missing: the horns for which there remains over half the section of a large, deep round hole for the insert of the left horn, showing that the horns were inset c. 2 cm and thus were probably of lapis lazuli; there is also the remains of a deep round perpendicular hole drilled in the head just behind the insertion emplacement for horns on a slight forward slant; the ears; the inlaid eyes and eyebrows; the hair of the beard that was probably a worked sheet of metal; whatever was affixed to the two holes on the chest; the tail for which there remains the large, deep hole between the buttocks, and the lower legs and hooves that were possibly of silver [1] or copper [2] for which there remains a section of the large hole in the left thigh, c. 3.5 cm long, for affixing the lower leg.
The inlays could have been of shell, lapis lazuli, gold, silver or copper.
The two holes in the left elbow, six holes in the break on the left thigh and the two holes on the end of the right thigh are modern and made for affixing restoration. All modern restoration removed save for above-mentioned fillings.
The alabaster a lovely greenish-yellow with rust-colour veins and large striations and patches of an orange hue. The present surface of the face is somewhat discoloured and has lost its sheen, as immersion - to remove the plaster restoration - has leeched out the calcium sulphate in the alabaster. The rest of the figure retains its original smoothness and lustre.
The history of this figure is worth mentioning as, since its discovery at Tell Djokha with another similar piece around 1930, a confusion as to its ownership and location has arisen, leading to erroneous information being given in scholarly publications.
Both figures of translucid greenish alabaster were a chance find and found together. This example entered a private collection and its companion piece, measuring 27.5 cm, the Iraq Museum Baghdad [3]. A temporary exhibition there at the end of the second world war was described by Seton Lloyd [4]. Notwithstanding what precedes, H. Frankfort [5] mentions the location of the present figure as Baghdad Museum and reproduces the plaster cast [6] in possession of the Museum. The mistake is taken up by J.A. Potratz [7] and, curiously, repeated with an added error in Treasures of the Iraq Museum, by Faraz Basmachi, a publication of the Ministry of Information 1975-76, where the Bull-man is reproduced pl. 67 and given inventory 51023 which belongs to its smaller brother and pendant. A. Spycket [8] mentions both figures, mistakenly ascribing them both to the Iraq Museum and reproduces the present example.
Umma was a major Sumerian city, best known today for the war [9] with its neighbour and rival Lagash, modern al Hiba.
The inscription behind the right shoulder has proved difficult to read [10], but is generally accepted as: "For Enlil. Pabilgagi, king of Umma" [11]. At this time many Sumerian rulers also assumed the role of priests.
The statuette's nudity and his representation as a bull-man identify him as a mythological figure. Seton Lloyd [12] suggests that the copper statues represent naked priests or "heroes" functioning as stands.
The vertical hole in the head of the present statue and the square hole in its smaller pair may suggest that both figures served as cult objects, possibly fulfilling the function of stands for a lamp or bowl of incense [13]. May we conjecture that they were placed in the cella of the temple in front of the divinity, maybe the king himself assuming the role of the god.
This statuette and its pendant in Baghdad of a particularly fine greenish alabaster with rust-coloured veins are the only two examples of bull-men in the round that have been found so far in Mesopotamia. Notwithstanding the difference in size between them, the workmanship of the sex, nose and mouth, the similarity of the three-tiered belt, the way the stone is carved to reveal veining across the shoulders, their polish and general appearance suggest that they are not only from the same major workshop but in all likelihood by the same hand.
The bull-man, often ithyphallic, appears on seals with heroes and in animal combat scenes.
Likewise in semi-translucent alabaster of a warm, slightly amber colour is a naked, bearded, kneeling figure with a similar girdle, four- or five-tiered, though in a different stance and not ithyphallic, found at Tell Asmar [14]. He may be a product of the same workshop, the hollowed-out cavity on top of the head probably indicating that the figure was also a support [15].
These objects probably form part of what we may call, for want of a better word, temple furnishings, and are not ex-votos, although they adopt the clasped-hands gesture of worshippers (see cat. nos. 1, 13). To the same general tradition belongs the earlier kneeling figure in limestone holding a vessel on its head from the Sara temple at Tell Agrab and dated Early Dynastic I/II, c. 2800-2600 B.C. [16]
On loan and exhibited:
Iraq Museum Baghdad: 1930s
Published:
Frankfort, H.: Sculpture of the Third Millennium B.C. from Tell Asmar and Khafajah, OIP 44 (Chicago, 1939), no. 206, pp. 12, 41, 78-79 pl. 115E.
Potratz, J.A.: Die Kunst des Alten Orient (Stuttgart, 1961), pl. 8,1. Spycket, A.: La statuaire du Proche-Orient ancien (Leiden/Cologne, 1981), pp. 56-57 fig. 20 (dated ED II, 2750-2600 B.C.).
The inscription:
Lambert, M.: Sumer III, 1947, p. 131 ff. - Edzard, D.O.: Sumer XV, 1959, pp. 20-22. - Steible, H.: Die altsumerischen Bau- und Weihinschriften 2, Freiburger altorientalische Studien 5 (Wiesbaden, 1982), pp. 265-266. - Cooper, J.S.: Sumerian and Akkadian Royal Inscriptions, I. Presargonic Inscriptions, The American Oriental Society, Translation Series 1 (New Haven, 1986), pp. 91-92.
Mentioned:
Lloyd, S.: Some Recent Additions to the Iraq Museum, Sumer II,1946, pp. 1-2. - Orthmann, W.: Der Alte Orient. PKG 14 (Berlin, 1975), p. 163.
1 A smaller representation and of a bull with decoration and various anatomical parts likewise added in different materials, still has three of its legs which are of silver: Orthmann, W.: PKG 14, no. 14b, p. 162 pl. 14b.
2 Frankfort, H.: OIP 44, p. 12.
3 IM 51023: Orthmann, W.: op. cit., no. 16, p. 163 pl. 16.
4Sumer II, 1946, pp. 1-2: "On the left is a coloured plaster cast of a damaged figure in veined, greenish alabaster, found at Tell Jokha (ancient Umma) in about 1930 and at present in private possession".
5 Frankfort, H.: op. cit., no. 206, pp. 12, 78-79 pl. 115E.
6 As evidenced by the photograph, in that the rust-coloured veins on the right shoulder are painted on and the two holes on the chest for inlay show plaster remains.
7 Potratz, J.A.: Die Kunst des Alten Orient, p. 424 pl. 8,1 (taken after Frankfort).
8 Spycket, A.: La statuaire du Proche-Orient ancien,
pp. 56-57 fig. 20.
9 Related on numerous inscribed stone and clay monuments.
10 Spycket, A.: op. cit., p. 56 n. 52.
11 Cooper, J.: Sumerian and Akkadian Royal Inscriptions, I. Presargonic Inscriptions, pp. 91-92. T. Potts says: "For Enlil, Pabilgagi, king of Umma (dedicated this)".
12 Lloyd, S.: The Archaeology of Mesopotamia (London, 1985), p. 126.
13 Such holes could have served for the insertion of a rod for a basket-like support which are usually found held up by human figures or protruding from the backs of animals in metal (see cat. nos. 16, 30).
14 Frankfort, H.: op. cit., no. 16, pp. 58-59 pl. 26-27.
15 Spycket, A.: op. cit., p. 56.
16 Chicago, Oriental Institute Museum: Orthmann, W.: op. cit., no. 36a, p. 169.
Text from the website of George Ortiz.
156/366 rare
1500 LE (Limited Edition) cars were produced in 1993. This model featured red leather interior, upgraded stereo, Nardi shift knob, leather-wrapped steering wheel, cruise, limited slip differential, power windows, power mirrors, power steering, air conditioning, BBS wheels, Bilstein shocks, front and rear spoilers, ABS brakes, stainless sill plates, and Harley style peanut tank door speaker trim. All 1993 LE cars came in black.
Tuesday, 18 August 2020: our temperature just before 1:00 pm is 28C (windchill 30C), and it is supposed to reach 33C this afternoon. Sunrise is at 6:29 am and sunset is at 8:49 pm. Another sunny day, with a continuing Heat Warning. Much too hot without air-conditioning!
The day before yesterday, 16 August 2020, our temperature soared to 33C. Without air-conditioning, my place was like being in an oven. I knew that I was going to have to spend as much time driving my car as possible. Actually, I had already made an appointment to visit a farm in the afternoon, so I knew I was going to be driving east of the city. I also knew that I would be driving a few other backroads afterwards, though I ended up driving further than I had expected.
This was another great day, leaving home at 10:00 am and getting back fairly early evening. I enjoyed my visit to the small, family-oriented Red Fox Farms, where I saw and photographed some of the ten beautiful mushroom species that they grow for food. All of them grow on trees in the wild. At the Farm, they grow in a special, very carefully regulated greenhouse. I absolutely love to see them as they emerge from the bags in which the spores are placed. They grow and form the most beautiful displays.
www.producer.com/2019/09/farm-finds-demand-for-gourmet-mu...
cultivatr.ca/blogs/news/red-fox-farms
Before getting to the farm, I had stopped briefly to take a few photos of Eastern and Western Kingbirds, After the Farm, I drove further north and came across so many Swainson's Hawks - my guess would be around 14+.
There were also several old buildings that I stopped to photograph. Some were familiar and a few were possibly new ones. When I was at my furthest north, I made the split decision to drive just a little bit further to see Sharples grain Elevator and old barn again. This was about the fourth time I had made that drive. A pleasure to look at these very old, weathered structures.
Another day of mixed sightings - the kind of day I absolutely love and find very rewarding. The heat was so awful, so I was very thankful to travel in air-conditioning. Each time I climbed out of the car to take photos, it felt like walking into an oven. Brought back many memories of climbing out of planes into the great heat of the Middle East many years ago.
Last night, 17 August, around 10:15 pm, some thunder and a few minutes of rain. We need much more rain than that, though, as it is so dry everywhere and there is concern about wildfires starting.
Nostalgia is a mental condition that causes us to be unable, to entirely live in the present. Back in 1974 I returned to my home town of birth for the first time since 1953, 21` years later, and realized how strong nostalgia can be, and here we are, another 39 years later, and that visit, and these pictures I took then express my continued nostalgia for this city
I took this photo when I went on the Ship Canal cruise back in 2017: the Mersey Ferry sailed from Graving Dock No.1 and this abandoned piece of railway line caught my eye. I recall there was more track (and in slightly better condition) embedded in the wharf. Although some track survives in Trafford Park and the Barton Dock Estate, canalside sections of the MSC Railway are hard to find these days.
As some of you already know, we’ve been digging deep into our vaults and digitizing 16mm photolog footage from 1966 to give you our BC Road Trip Time Machine video series. (“Photologs” were created to capture road condition information across the province and give our engineers the ability to study a particular stretch of road without having to travel into the field.)
Looking back on these old reels reveals a lot more than just pavement condition. The camera installed onto the dash of a car and driven over 9,000 km of BC highways captured some incredible glimpses of our province during the heyday that was the 60’s. So sit back, relax and watch a world long gone by in the rear view mirror. Learn more here: tranbc.ca/?s=photolog#sthash.IH22QypR.dpbs
839 South Atlantic Avenue,
Ormond/Daytona Beach, Florida
tel: 904-677-6600
Directly on the Atlantic Ocean with private beach, heated swimming pool and kiddie pool. 100 beautifully appointed rooms, all with ocean view. Dining and Cocktail Lounge for leisurely living, Entertainment nightly, entertainment and banquet facilities, completely air conditioned.
RAAF CA-27 Sabre VH-IPN (A94-983)
Built in Australia in 1957 by the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation and Served the RAAF until 1971. She was then transferred to the Royal Malaysian Air Force until 1976 and then rescued from her fate and brought back home and into RAAF hands where she was put on display in Richmond and later Point Cook.
In 2006 she was transported to the Temora Aviation Museum and restrored to flying condition re-taking to the skies in 2009.
Afrin will resist, Afrin will stand.
#noflyzone4afrin
#afrinsyria
#afrin
#openletter
#NATO
#saveafrin
#DefendAfrin
Xelkê amedê bo Qudsê
Kane xwepeşandan bo Efrîn a kurda.?
As Kurds we know the intimate violence of endless oppressors and invaders trying to indoctrinate and condition us into an ideology of suffering and hopelessness. They tried to colonize our minds and shroud us in the bleak haze of wretchedness; and as they bombed us, erased and massacred us, raining mortars, sarin gas and cluster bombs on us they told us that it was history's righteous call, God's design and destiny's divine will. But they did not know that the more they oppressed and violated the stronger our roots grew with resistance and we became more resilient, more determined to search out freedom and heed her distant cries. So now when death knocks on Afrin's door she responds and resists with the unyielding courage of an ideology born of love and humanity. And even as she resists she raises her voice and sings love songs of liberation and hope to the oppressed because she knows her own power, her own strength- because she is the embodiment of the chained woman finally freed from the burdens they tried to enslave her with; and as she walks she shakes the very earth; and the mountains, her sacred protectors, shed tears of joy and love having waited with endless patience for this day. Even history has dusted herself off from the bloody ruins of fascism and capitalism's oppression and stands beside us- once again.
There should be no fear in our hearts. No anxiety, no self doubt because we are the children of Kurdistan, the offsprings of freedom, the love child of mist and mountains. We learned resistance in the womb of our revolutionary mothers. We were raised to the lullaby of rattling of windows and that rat-a-tat of weapons and to the screams of brothers, fathers, uncles and cousins tortured in the pits of prisons. We were carried on the shoulders of our revolutionary freedom seeking fathers across mountains. We were watered by the spirit of sacrificing love of thousands of fallen martyrs. We have known every cave and every unseen path on the sacred face of our battered but relentless land and her canyons and mountains that protected us as the world turned its face away in submissive acquiescence. We are the flowers that grew where the bombs and mortars of hate fell; and together we are the garden that emerged from the rubble and concrete remains of war's death drums. And for thousands of years to come history will sing of the courage of our revolutionary freedom fighters- our YPG and YPJ- and rename freedom in their name and honor.
Yesterday she was named Kobane, today she is named Afrin.
نەفرەت لە داگیرکەرانی کوردستان
Today Turkish planes conducted several airstrikes on Afrin city and its surrounding. Kurdish Afrin is one the most secure and stable cities in Syria, it is the only city in Rojava and among the few in Syria which has not been destroyed in the Syrian civil war. The city has taken in so many Syrian refugees in the last 5 years that its population has doubled to 400.000.
"Kurdish women declared the liberation of ISIS capital Raqqa. But today, the republic of Turkey is recruiting murderers who chant religious fundamentalist slogans to attack the democratic, women's liberationist, multi-cultural havens, pioneered by the revolutionary Kurdish freedom movement. The Turkish threats against Afrin are therefore an attack against another possible Middle East, where communities can live together in justice and freedom.
ههربژین شێرهكانی عهفرین ...ههربژین بۆ ورهی پۆلایینتان
Defending Afrin is a duty of everybody who does not surrender to the idea that the cradle of civilisation is destined to be the graveyard of humanity. Our region must be the graveyard of fascism only."
الله يحمي قواتنا في كل مكان والنصر ل عفرين
هەموومان عەفرینین
Am hemo Afrînîyn
کلنا مع عفرین
داوا دەکەین عەفرین وەکو کەرکووک نەفروشرێت .
Dxazin Afrîn mîna kirkukê nehêt firûtn
Efrîn Kurdistan e,Ji dijmin re goristane.
عەفرین کووردستانە، ژ دژمن را گۆرستانە.
عەفرین قەڵای بەرخودان و داستان و نەبەردی
An attack of this kind against the peaceful citizens of Afrin is a blatant act of aggression against a peaceful and democratically-governed region and population. Turkey cannot carry out such an attack without the approval of Russia, Iran and Syria – and inaction by the U.S. to stop it. The Kurdish people have endured the loss of thousands of young men and women who joined the YPG, and YPJ women’s force, to rid the world of ISIS. The U.S and the international community have a moral obligation to stand behind the Kurdish people now. We call on U.S. officials and the international community to guarantee Afrin’s stability and security and prevent further Turkish aggression from within Syria and across the Syrian border.
#DEFEND #AFRIN
#Rojava✌️
بارزان وحلبجة وكرميان .. الانفال وشنكال واليوم عفرين ، ما بالك ايها الشعب الكوردي وما هذا القدر البائس ، وجدت في محيط يكن لك كل الحقد والكراهية ، ظلموك عبر التاريخ وهاهي اليوم عفرين تقصف ويقتل ناسها واهلها بدمٍ بارد امام أنظار واعين العالم دون ان يحرك المجتمع الدولي ساكنا امام هذه الانتهاكات التركية الداعشية الأردوغانية العثمانية .. قلوبنا معكم ونذرف الدمع حزناً وألما وندعو لكم ونناشد كل الخيرين للوقوف معكم ازاء هذه الهجمة الشرسة الجبانةكلنا#عفرين#وقلوبنا معك ياعفرين
#DefendAfrin
Thousands of tweets protesting against Turkey's aggressive military attacks on Afrin
#DefendAfrin
Çiqilê zeytûnê ya Erdogan,Cîhada xomêynî ûEnfala Sedam ji kitêbekê hatine wergirtin ,ku piraniya kurdan diperestin!!!!!!!
شاخی زەیتوون ناوی ئوپەراسیۆنێ ئەردۆغان،جیھاد ئۆپەراسیۆنی خومێنی و ئەنفالی سەدام، ھەمووی لە کتێبێک وەرگیراون کە زۆربەی کوردەکان ئەو کتێبە دەپەرەستن!!!!!!
TURKEY IS INVADING AFRIN! TODAY IS THE DAY TO DEFEND THE PEOPLE OF ROJAVA!
We call on all Kurdish people and people in solidarity with the Kurdish struggle to protest and condemn this genocidal invasion.
Red asics pursuit 2's. These are in great condition, no toe peeling. They fit sizes 12-13. And are for sale only. The only trade I would make is for good condition red or black og inflicts.
Meanwhile just outside the limits of Hothlake city, a repurposed AT-AT (now used as a pet taxi service) is getting a much needed weekly cleaning.
Keeping this mechanical marvel in top condition is no small feat, requiring the assistance of many helpers including a pair of drones, a couple of Tauntauns, and many friends. A repurposed turret installation helps to get water up to those hard to reach spots!
Emma and Andrea came along to help out after a long day of courier deliveries made with their new Land speeder. Landings are still a bit rough but she'll get the hang of it soon enough!