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NOTE: The comments that follow will be added to all of the photos from this 12/26/2014 excursion to Liberty State Park, for everything you see is connected to the overall message in one way or another.
Having done a very early morning start at Liberty State Park on Christmas day of 2013, while thoroughly enjoying the awe inspiring experience along the waterfront walkway with one of the world’s greatest urban landscapes (and waterscape) in and around the New York Harbor, I decided to do the same again this year; however, given some prior obligations, it was the day after Christmas, instead. Like the previous year, nary a soul besides me was out before sunrise, and it was not until about an hour after the sun first appeared that a group of visitors emerged. So, I basically had the entire waterfront park to myself for a pretty good stretch of time.
If you have never been there, it really is a sight to behold when one can see the majesty of the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island with its unique place in American history, and the recently completed Freedom Tower, standing above all as the new proud symbol of what every person aspires to possess . . . FREEDOM. It took my wife and me quite a few years after the infamous, heart wrenching event of the fallen Twin Towers, simply known as “9-11.” If you go to our FLICKR albums, you will see the mid to latter construction stage of the Freedom Tower in photos under New York Skylines or the Meadowlands landscapes and such.
Initially, we both felt that nothing could ever replace or exude the same powerful presence as the original Twin Towers, and felt disappointment in the design of the Freedom Tower as it began to evolve from ground up, but when it reached its latter stages and the way the natural light over the course of any given day would play a significant role in its image, an overwhelming sense of admiration for the concept began to grow, and when finally completed, it all seemed to be a perfect visual symbol to the new landscape of New York Harbor. As we used to feel driving to the City or passing by from the New Jersey side, a similar kind of pride is felt with this new, great landmark that has made such a significant impact on the psyche of our citizens.
Many of you have likely stopped reading this long narrative, but you can probably surmise that aforementioned pride in these comments. Having personally seen the falling of the Twin Towers from work three miles away on that horrific weekday morning with all the confused and maddening reports being broadcasted on the radio and television news, it becomes an experience that is, indelibly, forever etched in my mind . . . So, that day is always present whenever I look toward the southern anchor of the Manhattan skyline, and I absolutely love how the Freedom Tower has not replaced, but serves as a natural extension of the Twin Towers and honors those who have lost their lives, accordingly.
Looking farther north offers the Empire State Building and Chrysler Building, the two iconic skyscrapers that ruled the architectural world of construction beyond imagination in the early 1930’s. And the Goldman-Sachs Tower of Jersey City, on the New Jersey side of the Hudson River, can hold its own amongst the giants of the NY Harbor landmarks. The captivating style of this particular modern design somehow compliments the glorious Manhattan skyline—practically blending in as part of a grand visual sweep from one side of the harbor to the other. And furthermore, the famous Brooklyn Bridge can be seen in the distance between the southern end of Manhattan and the borough of Brooklyn, and to the far south, the Verrazano Bridge dominates the entry way to the great harbor that saw thousands upon thousands of aspiring immigrants who traveled the vast Atlantic Ocean, ultimately arriving in America, while taking their first step on our soil at Ellis Island, under the protective presence of Lady Liberty.
One historic reminder after another permeates the air, causing just about everyone to feel something truly special. Even if visitors know little of the history here, it is nearly impossible not to be awe struck.
In closing, the two extreme ends of the waterfront park, the northern point and the South Lawn, offer monuments that are so powerful and captivating. I am always taken by the Liberation Monument, which honors all of those who served our nation in the fight for freedom. If any of you ever have the chance to visit LSP, please do take some time to genuinely appreciate this statue from all angles, for it almost comes to life. The northern end of the park has the “New Jersey EMPTY SKY 9-11 Memorial,” which must be seen. A surge of emotions will flood through your body as you stand at the site and gaze across to the East where the Twins once stood.
Anyhow, I hope that this passage would serve as a motivating factor to visit Liberty State Park, if possible. Regardless of the degree of personal meaning this may have, it is still a landscape that is well worth the trip . . . Nothing like it in the world.
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Biennalist :
Biennalist is an Art Format commenting on active biennials and managed cultural events through artworks.Biennalist takes the thematics of the biennales and similar events like festivals and conferences seriously, questioning the established structures of the staged art events in order to contribute to the debate, which they wish to generate.
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links about Biennalist :
Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry_Geoffroy
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Room_(art)
www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html
—--Biennale from wikipedia —--
The Venice International Film Festival is part of the Venice Biennale. The famous Golden Lion is awarded to the best film screening at the competition.
Biennale (Italian: [bi.enˈnaːle]), Italian for "biennial" or "every other year", is any event that happens every two years. It is most commonly used within the art world to describe large-scale international contemporary art exhibitions. As such the term was popularised by Venice Biennale, which was first held in 1895. Since the 1990s, the terms "biennale" and "biennial" have been interchangeably used in a more generic way - to signify a large-scale international survey show of contemporary art that recurs at regular intervals but not necessarily biannual (such as triennials, Documenta, Skulptur Projekte Münster).[1] The phrase has also been used for other artistic events, such as the "Biennale de Paris", "Kochi-Muziris Biennale", Berlinale (for the Berlin International Film Festival) and Viennale (for Vienna's international film festival).
Characteristics[edit]
According to author Federica Martini, what is at stake in contemporary biennales is the diplomatic/international relations potential as well as urban regeneration plans. Besides being mainly focused on the present (the “here and now” where the cultural event takes place and their effect of "spectacularisation of the everyday"), because of their site-specificity cultural events may refer back to,[who?] produce or frame the history of the site and communities' collective memory.[2]
The Great Exhibition in The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, in 1851, the first attempt to condense the representation of the world within a unitary exhibition space.
A strong and influent symbol of biennales and of large-scale international exhibitions in general is the Crystal Palace, the gigantic and futuristic London architecture that hosted the Great Exhibition in 1851. According to philosopher Peter Sloterdijk,[3][page needed] the Crystal Palace is the first attempt to condense the representation of the world in a unitary exhibition space, where the main exhibit is society itself in an a-historical, spectacular condition. The Crystal Palace main motives were the affirmation of British economic and national leadership and the creation of moments of spectacle. In this respect, 19th century World fairs provided a visual crystallization of colonial culture and were, at the same time, forerunners of contemporary theme parks.
The Venice Biennale as an archetype[edit]
The structure of the Venice Biennale in 2005 with an international exhibition and the national pavilions.
The Venice Biennale, a periodical large-scale cultural event founded in 1895, served as an archetype of the biennales. Meant to become a World Fair focused on contemporary art, the Venice Biennale used as a pretext the wedding anniversary of the Italian king and followed up to several national exhibitions organised after Italy unification in 1861. The Biennale immediately put forth issues of city marketing, cultural tourism and urban regeneration, as it was meant to reposition Venice on the international cultural map after the crisis due to the end of the Grand Tour model and the weakening of the Venetian school of painting. Furthermore, the Gardens where the Biennale takes place were an abandoned city area that needed to be re-functionalised. In cultural terms, the Biennale was meant to provide on a biennial basis a platform for discussing contemporary art practices that were not represented in fine arts museums at the time. The early Biennale model already included some key points that are still constitutive of large-scale international art exhibitions today: a mix of city marketing, internationalism, gentrification issues and destination culture, and the spectacular, large scale of the event.
Biennials after the 1990s[edit]
The situation of biennials has changed in the contemporary context: while at its origin in 1895 Venice was a unique cultural event, but since the 1990s hundreds of biennials have been organized across the globe. Given the ephemeral and irregular nature of some biennials, there is little consensus on the exact number of biennials in existence at any given time.[citation needed] Furthermore, while Venice was a unique agent in the presentation of contemporary art, since the 1960s several museums devoted to contemporary art are exhibiting the contemporary scene on a regular basis. Another point of difference concerns 19th century internationalism in the arts, that was brought into question by post-colonial debates and criticism of the contemporary art “ethnic marketing”, and also challenged the Venetian and World Fair’s national representation system. As a consequence of this, Eurocentric tendency to implode the whole word in an exhibition space, which characterises both the Crystal Palace and the Venice Biennale, is affected by the expansion of the artistic geographical map to scenes traditionally considered as marginal. The birth of the Havana Biennial in 1984 is widely considered an important counterpoint to the Venetian model for its prioritization of artists working in the Global South and curatorial rejection of the national pavilion model.
International biennales[edit]
In the term's most commonly used context of major recurrent art exhibitions:
Adelaide Biennial of Australian Art, South Australia
Asian Art Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)
Athens Biennale, in Athens, Greece
Bienal de Arte Paiz, in Guatemala City, Guatemala[4]
Arts in Marrakech (AiM) International Biennale (Arts in Marrakech Festival)
Bamako Encounters, a biennale of photography in Mali
Bat-Yam International Biennale of Landscape Urbanism
Beijing Biennale
Berlin Biennale (contemporary art biennale, to be distinguished from Berlinale, which is a film festival)
Bergen Assembly (triennial for contemporary art in Bergen, Norway)www.bergenassembly.no
Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture, in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, China
Bienal de Arte de Ponce in Ponce, Puerto Rico
Biënnale van België, Biennial of Belgium, Belgium
BiennaleOnline Online biennial exhibition of contemporary art from the most promising emerging artists.
Biennial of Hawaii Artists
Biennale de la Biche, the smallest biennale in the world held at deserted island near Guadeloupe, French overseas region[5][6]
Biwako Biennale [ja], in Shiga, Japan
La Biennale de Montreal
Biennale of Luanda : Pan-African Forum for the Culture of Peace,[7] Angola
Boom Festival, international music and culture festival in Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal
Bucharest Biennale in Bucharest, Romania
Bushwick Biennial, in Bushwick, Brooklyn, New York
Canakkale Biennial, in Canakkale, Turkey
Cerveira International Art Biennial, Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal [8]
Changwon Sculpture Biennale in Changwon, South Korea
Dakar Biennale, also called Dak'Art, biennale in Dakar, Senegal
Documenta, contemporary art exhibition held every five years in Kassel, Germany
Estuaire (biennale), biennale in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, France
EVA International, biennial in Limerick, Republic of Ireland
Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art, in Gothenburg, Sweden[9]
Greater Taipei Contemporary Art Biennial, in Taipei, Taiwan
Gwangju Biennale, Asia's first and most prestigious contemporary art biennale
Havana biennial, in Havana, Cuba
Helsinki Biennial, in Helsinki, Finland
Herzliya Biennial For Contemporary Art, in Herzliya, Israel
Incheon Women Artists' Biennale, in Incheon, South Korea
Iowa Biennial, in Iowa, USA
Istanbul Biennial, in Istanbul, Turkey
International Roaming Biennial of Tehran, in Tehran and Istanbul
Jakarta Biennale, in Jakarta, Indonesia
Jerusalem Biennale, in Jerusalem, Israel
Jogja Biennale, in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Karachi Biennale, in Karachi, Pakistan
Keelung Harbor Biennale, in Keelung, Taiwan
Kochi-Muziris Biennale, largest art exhibition in India, in Kochi, Kerala, India
Kortrijk Design Biennale Interieur, in Kortrijk, Belgium
Kobe Biennale, in Japan
Kuandu Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan
Lagos Biennial, in Lagos, Nigeria[10]
Light Art Biennale Austria, in Austria
Liverpool Biennial, in Liverpool, UK
Lofoten International Art Festival [no] (LIAF), on the Lofoten archipelago, Norway[11]
Manifesta, European Biennale of contemporary art in different European cities
Mediations Biennale, in Poznań, Poland
Melbourne International Biennial 1999
Mediterranean Biennale in Sakhnin 2013
MOMENTA Biennale de l'image [fr] (formerly known as Le Mois de la Photo à Montréal), in Montreal, Canada
MOMENTUM [no], in Moss, Norway[12]
Moscow Biennale, in Moscow, Russia
Munich Biennale, new opera and music-theatre in even-numbered years
Mykonos Biennale
Nakanojo Biennale[13]
NGV Triennial, contemporary art exhibition held every three years at the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
October Salon – Belgrade Biennale [sr], organised by the Cultural Center of Belgrade [sr], in Belgrade, Serbia[14]
OSTEN Biennial of Drawing Skopje, North Macedonia[15]
Biennale de Paris
Riga International Biennial of Contemporary Art (RIBOCA), in Riga, Latvia[16]
São Paulo Art Biennial, in São Paulo, Brazil
SCAPE Public Art Christchurch Biennial in Christchurch, New Zealand[17]
Prospect New Orleans
Seoul Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism
Sequences, in Reykjavík, Iceland[18]
Shanghai Biennale
Sharjah Biennale, in Sharjah, UAE
Singapore Biennale, held in various locations across the city-state island of Singapore
Screen City Biennial, in Stavanger, Norway
Biennale of Sydney
Taipei Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan
Taiwan Arts Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)
Taiwan Film Biennale, in Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, U.S.A.
Thessaloniki Biennale of Contemporary Art [el], in Thessaloniki, Greece[19]
Dream city, produced by ART Rue Association in Tunisia
Vancouver Biennale
Visayas Islands Visual Arts Exhibition and Conference (VIVA ExCon) in the Philippines [20]
Venice Biennale, in Venice, Italy, which includes:
Venice Biennale of Contemporary Art
Venice Biennale of Architecture
Venice Film Festival
Vladivostok biennale of Visual Arts, in Vladivostok, Russia
Whitney Biennial, hosted by the Whitney Museum of American Art, in New York City, NY, USA
Web Biennial, produced with teams from Athens, Berlin and Istanbul.
West Africa Architecture Biennale,[21] Virtual in Lagos, Nigeria.
WRO Biennale, in Wrocław, Poland[22]
Music Biennale Zagreb
[SHIFT:ibpcpa] The International Biennale of Performance, Collaborative and Participatory Arts, Nomadic, International, Scotland, UK.
—---Venice Biennale from wikipedia —
The Venice Biennale (/ˌbiːɛˈnɑːleɪ, -li/; Italian: La Biennale di Venezia) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy by the Biennale Foundation.[2][3][4] The biennale has been organised every year since 1895, which makes it the oldest of its kind. The main exhibition held in Castello, in the halls of the Arsenale and Biennale Gardens, alternates between art and architecture (hence the name biennale; biennial).[5][6][7] The other events hosted by the Foundation—spanning theatre, music, and dance—are held annually in various parts of Venice, whereas the Venice Film Festival takes place at the Lido.[8]
Organization[edit]
Art Biennale
Art Biennale
International Art Exhibition
1895
Even-numbered years (since 2022)
Venice Biennale of Architecture
International Architecture Exhibition
1980
Odd-numbered years (since 2021)
Biennale Musica
International Festival of Contemporary Music
1930
Annually (Sep/Oct)
Biennale Teatro
International Theatre Festival
1934
Annually (Jul/Aug)
Venice Film Festival
Venice International Film Festival
1932
Annually (Aug/Sep)
Venice Dance Biennale
International Festival of Contemporary Dance
1999
Annually (June; biennially 2010–16)
International Kids' Carnival
2009
Annually (during Carnevale)
History
1895–1947
On April 19, 1893, the Venetian City Council passed a resolution to set up an biennial exhibition of Italian Art ("Esposizione biennale artistica nazionale") to celebrate the silver anniversary of King Umberto I and Margherita of Savoy.[11]
A year later, the council decreed "to adopt a 'by invitation' system; to reserve a section of the Exhibition for foreign artists too; to admit works by uninvited Italian artists, as selected by a jury."[12]
The first Biennale, "I Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte della Città di Venezia (1st International Art Exhibition of the City of Venice)" (although originally scheduled for April 22, 1894) was opened on April 30, 1895, by the Italian King and Queen, Umberto I and Margherita di Savoia. The first exhibition was seen by 224,000 visitors.
The event became increasingly international in the first decades of the 20th century: from 1907 on, several countries installed national pavilions at the exhibition, with the first being from Belgium. In 1910 the first internationally well-known artists were displayed: a room dedicated to Gustav Klimt, a one-man show for Renoir, a retrospective of Courbet. A work by Picasso "Family of Saltimbanques" was removed from the Spanish salon in the central Palazzo because it was feared that its novelty might shock the public. By 1914 seven pavilions had been established: Belgium (1907), Hungary (1909), Germany (1909), Great Britain (1909), France (1912), and Russia (1914).
During World War I, the 1916 and 1918 events were cancelled.[13] In 1920 the post of mayor of Venice and president of the Biennale was split. The new secretary general, Vittorio Pica brought about the first presence of avant-garde art, notably Impressionists and Post-Impressionists.
1922 saw an exhibition of sculpture by African artists. Between the two World Wars, many important modern artists had their work exhibited there. In 1928 the Istituto Storico d'Arte Contemporanea (Historical Institute of Contemporary Art) opened, which was the first nucleus of archival collections of the Biennale. In 1930 its name was changed into Historical Archive of Contemporary Art.
In 1930, the Biennale was transformed into an Ente Autonomo (Autonomous Board) by Royal Decree with law no. 33 of 13-1-1930. Subsequently, the control of the Biennale passed from the Venice city council to the national Fascist government under Benito Mussolini. This brought on a restructuring, an associated financial boost, as well as a new president, Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata. Three entirely new events were established, including the Biennale Musica in 1930, also referred to as International Festival of Contemporary Music; the Venice Film Festival in 1932, which they claim as the first film festival in history,[14] also referred to as Venice International Film Festival; and the Biennale Theatro in 1934, also referred to as International Theatre Festival.
In 1933 the Biennale organized an exhibition of Italian art abroad. From 1938, Grand Prizes were awarded in the art exhibition section.
During World War II, the activities of the Biennale were interrupted: 1942 saw the last edition of the events. The Film Festival restarted in 1946, the Music and Theatre festivals were resumed in 1947, and the Art Exhibition in 1948.[15]
1948–1973[edit]
The Art Biennale was resumed in 1948 with a major exhibition of a recapitulatory nature. The Secretary General, art historian Rodolfo Pallucchini, started with the Impressionists and many protagonists of contemporary art including Chagall, Klee, Braque, Delvaux, Ensor, and Magritte, as well as a retrospective of Picasso's work. Peggy Guggenheim was invited to exhibit her collection, later to be permanently housed at Ca' Venier dei Leoni.
1949 saw the beginning of renewed attention to avant-garde movements in European—and later worldwide—movements in contemporary art. Abstract expressionism was introduced in the 1950s, and the Biennale is credited with importing Pop Art into the canon of art history by awarding the top prize to Robert Rauschenberg in 1964.[16] From 1948 to 1972, Italian architect Carlo Scarpa did a series of remarkable interventions in the Biennale's exhibition spaces.
In 1954 the island San Giorgio Maggiore provided the venue for the first Japanese Noh theatre shows in Europe. 1956 saw the selection of films following an artistic selection and no longer based upon the designation of the participating country. The 1957 Golden Lion went to Satyajit Ray's Aparajito which introduced Indian cinema to the West.
1962 included Arte Informale at the Art Exhibition with Jean Fautrier, Hans Hartung, Emilio Vedova, and Pietro Consagra. The 1964 Art Exhibition introduced continental Europe to Pop Art (The Independent Group had been founded in Britain in 1952). The American Robert Rauschenberg was the first American artist to win the Gran Premio, and the youngest to date.
The student protests of 1968 also marked a crisis for the Biennale. Student protests hindered the opening of the Biennale. A resulting period of institutional changes opened and ending with a new Statute in 1973. In 1969, following the protests, the Grand Prizes were abandoned. These resumed in 1980 for the Mostra del Cinema and in 1986 for the Art Exhibition.[17]
In 1972, for the first time, a theme was adopted by the Biennale, called "Opera o comportamento" ("Work or Behaviour").
Starting from 1973 the Music Festival was no longer held annually. During the year in which the Mostra del Cinema was not held, there was a series of "Giornate del cinema italiano" (Days of Italian Cinema) promoted by sectorial bodies in campo Santa Margherita, in Venice.[18]
1974–1998[edit]
1974 saw the start of the four-year presidency of Carlo Ripa di Meana. The International Art Exhibition was not held (until it was resumed in 1976). Theatre and cinema events were held in October 1974 and 1975 under the title Libertà per il Cile (Freedom for Chile)—a major cultural protest against the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.
On 15 November 1977, the so-called Dissident Biennale (in reference to the dissident movement in the USSR) opened. Because of the ensuing controversies within the Italian left wing parties, president Ripa di Meana resigned at the end of the year.[19]
In 1979 the new presidency of Giuseppe Galasso (1979-1982) began. The principle was laid down whereby each of the artistic sectors was to have a permanent director to organise its activity.
In 1980, the Architecture section of the Biennale was set up. The director, Paolo Portoghesi, opened the Corderie dell'Arsenale to the public for the first time. At the Mostra del Cinema, the awards were brought back into being (between 1969 and 1979, the editions were non-competitive). In 1980, Achille Bonito Oliva and Harald Szeemann introduced "Aperto", a section of the exhibition designed to explore emerging art. Italian art historian Giovanni Carandente directed the 1988 and 1990 editions. A three-year gap was left afterwards to make sure that the 1995 edition would coincide with the 100th anniversary of the Biennale.[13]
The 1993 edition was directed by Achille Bonito Oliva. In 1995, Jean Clair was appointed to be the Biennale's first non-Italian director of visual arts[20] while Germano Celant served as director in 1997.
For the Centenary in 1995, the Biennale promoted events in every sector of its activity: the 34th Festival del Teatro, the 46th art exhibition, the 46th Festival di Musica, the 52nd Mostra del Cinema.[21]
1999–present[edit]
In 1999 and 2001, Harald Szeemann directed two editions in a row (48th & 49th) bringing in a larger representation of artists from Asia and Eastern Europe and more young artists than usual and expanded the show into several newly restored spaces of the Arsenale.
In 1999 a new sector was created for live shows: DMT (Dance Music Theatre).
The 50th edition, 2003, directed by Francesco Bonami, had a record number of seven co-curators involved, including Hans Ulrich Obrist, Catherine David, Igor Zabel, Hou Hanru and Massimiliano Gioni.
The 51st edition of the Biennale opened in June 2005, curated, for the first time by two women, Maria de Corral and Rosa Martinez. De Corral organized "The Experience of Art" which included 41 artists, from past masters to younger figures. Rosa Martinez took over the Arsenale with "Always a Little Further." Drawing on "the myth of the romantic traveler" her exhibition involved 49 artists, ranging from the elegant to the profane.
In 2007, Robert Storr became the first director from the United States to curate the Biennale (the 52nd), with a show entitled Think with the Senses – Feel with the Mind. Art in the Present Tense.
Swedish curator Daniel Birnbaum was artistic director of the 2009 edition entitled "Fare Mondi // Making Worlds".
The 2011 edition was curated by Swiss curator Bice Curiger entitled "ILLUMInazioni – ILLUMInations".
The Biennale in 2013 was curated by the Italian Massimiliano Gioni. His title and theme, Il Palazzo Enciclopedico / The Encyclopedic Palace, was adopted from an architectural model by the self-taught Italian-American artist Marino Auriti. Auriti's work, The Encyclopedic Palace of the World was lent by the American Folk Art Museum and exhibited in the first room of the Arsenale for the duration of the biennale. For Gioni, Auriti's work, "meant to house all worldly knowledge, bringing together the greatest discoveries of the human race, from the wheel to the satellite," provided an analogous figure for the "biennale model itself...based on the impossible desire to concentrate the infinite worlds of contemporary art in a single place: a task that now seems as dizzyingly absurd as Auriti's dream."[22]
Curator Okwui Enwezor was responsible for the 2015 edition.[23] He was the first African-born curator of the biennial. As a catalyst for imagining different ways of imagining multiple desires and futures Enwezor commissioned special projects and programs throughout the Biennale in the Giardini. This included a Creative Time Summit, e-flux journal's SUPERCOMMUNITY, Gulf Labor Coalition, The Invisible Borders Trans-African Project and Abounaddara.[24][25]
The 2017 Biennale, titled Viva Arte Viva, was directed by French curator Christine Macel who called it an "exhibition inspired by humanism".[26] German artist Franz Erhard Walter won the Golden Lion for best artist, while Carolee Schneemann was awarded a posthumous Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement.[27]
The 2019 Biennale, titled May You Live In Interesting Times, was directed by American-born curator Ralph Rugoff.[28]
The 2022 edition was curated by Italian curator Cecilia Alemani entitled "The Milk of Dreams" after a book by British-born Mexican surrealist painter Leonora Carrington.[29]
The Biennale has an attendance today of over 500,000 visitors.[30][31][32]
Role in the art market[edit]
When the Venice Biennale was founded in 1895, one of its main goals was to establish a new market for contemporary art. Between 1942 and 1968 a sales office assisted artists in finding clients and selling their work,[33] a service for which it charged 10% commission. Sales remained an intrinsic part of the biennale until 1968, when a sales ban was enacted. An important practical reason why the focus on non-commodities has failed to decouple Venice from the market is that the biennale itself lacks the funds to produce, ship and install these large-scale works. Therefore, the financial involvement of dealers is widely regarded as indispensable;[16] as they regularly front the funding for production of ambitious projects.[34] Furthermore, every other year the Venice Biennale coincides with nearby Art Basel, the world's prime commercial fair for modern and contemporary art. Numerous galleries with artists on show in Venice usually bring work by the same artists to Basel.[35]
Central Pavilion and Arsenale[edit]
The formal Biennale is based at a park, the Giardini. The Giardini includes a large exhibition hall that houses a themed exhibition curated by the Biennale's director.
Initiated in 1980, the Aperto began as a fringe event for younger artists and artists of a national origin not represented by the permanent national pavilions. This is usually staged in the Arsenale and has become part of the formal biennale programme. In 1995 there was no Aperto so a number of participating countries hired venues to show exhibitions of emerging artists. From 1999, both the international exhibition and the Aperto were held as one exhibition, held both at the Central Pavilion and the Arsenale. Also in 1999, a $1 million renovation transformed the Arsenale area into a cluster of renovated shipyards, sheds and warehouses, more than doubling the Arsenale's exhibition space of previous years.[36]
A special edition of the 54th Biennale was held at Padiglione Italia of Torino Esposizioni – Sala Nervi (December 2011 – February 2012) for the 150th Anniversary of Italian Unification. The event was directed by Vittorio Sgarbi.[37]
National pavilions[edit]
Main article: National pavilions at the Venice Biennale
The Giardini houses 30 permanent national pavilions.[13] Alongside the Central Pavilion, built in 1894 and later restructured and extended several times, the Giardini are occupied by a further 29 pavilions built at different periods by the various countries participating in the Biennale. The first nation to build a pavilion was Belgium in 1907, followed by Germany, Britain and Hungary in 1909.[13] The pavilions are the property of the individual countries and are managed by their ministries of culture.[38]
Countries not owning a pavilion in the Giardini are exhibited in other venues across Venice. The number of countries represented is still growing. In 2005, China was showing for the first time, followed by the African Pavilion and Mexico (2007), the United Arab Emirates (2009), and India (2011).[39]
The assignment of the permanent pavilions was largely dictated by the international politics of the 1930s and the Cold War. There is no single format to how each country manages their pavilion, established and emerging countries represented at the biennial maintain and fund their pavilions in different ways.[38] While pavilions are usually government-funded, private money plays an increasingly large role; in 2015, the pavilions of Iraq, Ukraine and Syria were completely privately funded.[40] The pavilion for Great Britain is always managed by the British Council[41] while the United States assigns the responsibility to a public gallery chosen by the Department of State which, since 1985, has been the Peggy Guggenheim Collection.[42] The countries at the Arsenale that request a temporary exhibition space pay a hire fee per square meter.[38]
In 2011, the countries were Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia and Slovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Wales and Zimbabwe. In addition to this there are two collective pavilions: Central Asia Pavilion and Istituto Italo-Latino Americano. In 2013, eleven new participant countries developed national pavilions for the Biennale: Angola, Bosnia and Herzegowina, the Bahamas, Bahrain, the Ivory Coast, Kosovo, Kuwait, the Maldives, Paraguay, Tuvalu, and the Holy See. In 2015, five new participant countries developed pavilions for the Biennale: Grenada,[43] Republic of Mozambique, Republic of Seychelles, Mauritius and Mongolia. In 2017, three countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Antigua & Barbuda, Kiribati, and Nigeria.[44] In 2019, four countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Ghana, Madagascar, Malaysia, and Pakistan.[45]
As well as the national pavilions there are countless "unofficial pavilions"[46] that spring up every year. In 2009 there were pavilions such as the Gabon Pavilion and a Peckham pavilion. In 2017 The Diaspora Pavilion bought together 19 artists from complex, multinational backgrounds to challenge the prevalence of the nation state at the Biennale.[47]
The Internet Pavilion (Italian: Padiglione Internet) was founded in 2009 as a platform for activists and artists working in new media.[48][49][50] Subsequent editions were held since,[51] 2013,[51] in conjunction with the biennale.[52]
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وینسVenetsiya
art umjetnost umění kunst taideτέχνη művészetList ealaínarte māksla menasartiKunst sztuka artăumenie umetnost konstcelfקונסטարվեստincəsənətশিল্প艺术(yìshù)藝術 (yìshù)ხელოვნებაकलाkos duabアートಕಲೆសិល្បៈ미(misul)ສິນລະປະകലकलाအတတ်ပညာकलाකලාවகலைఆర్ట్ศิลปะ آرٹsan'atnghệ thuậtفن (fan)אומנותهنرsanat artist
venice biennale Venezia Venedig biennalen Bienal_de_Venecia Venise Venecia Bienalo Bienal Biënnale Venetië Veneza Μπιενάλε της Βενετίας ヴェネツィ ア・ビエンナーレ 威尼斯双年展 Venedik Bienali Venetsian biennaali Wenecji biennial #venicebiennale #venicebiennial biennalism
Veneziako Venecija Venècia Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia VenedigΒ ενετία Velence Feneyjar Venice Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja VenezaVeneția Venetsiya Benátky Benetke Fenisוועניס Վենետիկ ভেনি স威尼斯 威尼斯 ვენეციისવે નિસवेनिसヴ ェネツィアವೆನಿಸ್베니스வெனிஸ்వెనిస్เวนิซوینس Venetsiya Italy italia
--------key words
headband protest fashion protestfashion artistic intervention performance artformat action installation critical critic critique institutional critic choregraphy scenography
#venicebiennale #biennalist #artformat #biennale #artbiennale #biennial
#BiennaleArte2024 #artformat
Comments always appreciated, as long as you keep it clean - I love to hear your feedback! xx
Red Quiz dress for this June evening.
Comments always appreciated, as long as you keep it clean - I love to hear your feedback! xx
For the first time, I went for a weekend visit to Gemma's and we had a great time! We packed loads into a couple of days.
I arrived Friday afternoon, and even though it was a rainy day we went on a drive to Matlock Bath and had a wnader around. It's a beautiful place!
We went to the aquarium and exhibition centre and had a wander up to some of the springs. Amazing clear water in the ponds, just crystal clear.
Afterwards Gemma made one of her legendary toad-in-the-hole with really thick gravy - what a massive meal that was!
In the aquarium/exhibition centre. The koi carp in here were massive!
Post The comment In here Please
Hi .. I know this is nothing to do with flickr maybe .. but I want You please To help me in this surprise.
Its my friend’s Birthday and PLEASE I kindly ask you to post a comment greeting her for her Birthday and wishing her a nice time and new happy year in life.
You might think that I want more comment but believe me it’s not for me. Its only for my friend RAIN DROP www.flickr.com/photos/uae-rain-drops/
I will really appreciate it, and thnx in advance.
Note: For the Groups Admins .. Am so sorry for braking the rules but please Need your help in this. thnx
Thank you for your views and comments; they are very much appreciated.
[This is one of 7 images—the main artwork plus 6 focused on details.] “Shipyard Society” (1916) is one of 5 paintings on this theme, depicting the shipbuilding industry in Maine. This impressive work is in the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in Richmond, Virginia. The oil on panel painting is vigorous, energetic, and alive with numerous vignettes of spectators and workers at the shipyard, a depiction of the warmth and vitality of the commonplace. Bellows shows a masterful contrast between the ordinary (people) and the extraordinary (the magnitude of the ship being built). There is time for gossip and flirting, of food and dogs and umbrellas. To me there is something essentially American about the painting.
George Wesley Bellows (1882-1925) born in Columbus, Ohio, is an important American realist painter. He studied with and was influenced by Robert Henri at the New York School of Art, who promoted a democratization of subject matter in art—anything “real” was worthy of being painted. He displayed his interest in the working man with many contributions to the socialist magazine The Masses, but he believed artistic freedom was more significant that ideology, a belief that sometimes put him at odds with the editors. He became interested in lithography and worked with Bolton Brown on over 100 prints. Bellows also illustrated books, several by H. H. Wells. His artwork was evolving at the time of his death with more focus on light and domestic matters. His work is on display in numerous art galleries. In 1999 Bill Gates paid over 27 million dollars for a 1910 Bellows painting, “Polo Crowd”. Belolows is best known, probably, for his works showing boxing scenes.
Much of his work is online. A search of George Bellows on Flickr had over 730 returns.
203 paintings, with slideshow capabilities, is at www.georgewesleybellows.org/
221 paintings are found at www.the-athenaeum.org/art/list.php?m=a&s=du&aid=97
69 prints at can be viewed at www.flickr.com/photos/boston_public_library/sets/72157604...
Sources:
(1) Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Bellows
(2) biography plus thorough listing of awards and exhibitions www.sullivangoss.com/george_Bellows/
(3) biography plus 26 art works and quotes from Bellows on his craft
www.artinthepicture.com/artists/George_Bellows/Biography/
(4) assessment of an exhibition at the National Gallery of Art socialistworker.org/2012/08/15/painter-of-working-class-life
(5) slender volume issued in 1931 by Whitney Museum of Modern Art with b&w images and can be downloaded in .pdf format archive.org/details/georgebellows00egge
(6) museums online with works shown www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/bellows_george_wesley.html
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. If you use this image on your web site, you need to provide a link to this photo.
Comment interprétez-vous cette tache ???
Evaluation psychologique de la forme (Gestalt) par Hermann Rorschach (1921)
Voir les 10 planches de ce test sur :
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dreamfaerie: This doesn't look too scary to walk on like I thought it would be...
johannazambrano: @dreamfaerie It's too exciting to walk on it!!! I loved so much to do it! 😉
guyparis: Thanx for all your likes 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
johannazambrano: @guyparis 😉😊
couchpotatoechip: Great town :)
johannazambrano: @couchpotatoechip You're right! Wonderful city! 😘😉
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NOTE: The comments that follow will be added to all of the photos from this 12/26/2014 excursion to Liberty State Park, for everything you see is connected to the overall message in one way or another.
Having done a very early morning start at Liberty State Park on Christmas day of 2013, while thoroughly enjoying the awe inspiring experience along the waterfront walkway with one of the world’s greatest urban landscapes (and waterscape) in and around the New York Harbor, I decided to do the same again this year; however, given some prior obligations, it was the day after Christmas, instead. Like the previous year, nary a soul besides me was out before sunrise, and it was not until about an hour after the sun first appeared that a group of visitors emerged. So, I basically had the entire waterfront park to myself for a pretty good stretch of time.
If you have never been there, it really is a sight to behold when one can see the majesty of the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island with its unique place in American history, and the recently completed Freedom Tower, standing above all as the new proud symbol of what every person aspires to possess . . . FREEDOM. It took my wife and me quite a few years after the infamous, heart wrenching event of the fallen Twin Towers, simply known as “9-11.” If you go to our FLICKR albums, you will see the mid to latter construction stage of the Freedom Tower in photos under New York Skylines or the Meadowlands landscapes and such.
Initially, we both felt that nothing could ever replace or exude the same powerful presence as the original Twin Towers, and felt disappointment in the design of the Freedom Tower as it began to evolve from ground up, but when it reached its latter stages and the way the natural light over the course of any given day would play a significant role in its image, an overwhelming sense of admiration for the concept began to grow, and when finally completed, it all seemed to be a perfect visual symbol to the new landscape of New York Harbor. As we used to feel driving to the City or passing by from the New Jersey side, a similar kind of pride is felt with this new, great landmark that has made such a significant impact on the psyche of our citizens.
Many of you have likely stopped reading this long narrative, but you can probably surmise that aforementioned pride in these comments. Having personally seen the falling of the Twin Towers from work three miles away on that horrific weekday morning with all the confused and maddening reports being broadcasted on the radio and television news, it becomes an experience that is, indelibly, forever etched in my mind . . . So, that day is always present whenever I look toward the southern anchor of the Manhattan skyline, and I absolutely love how the Freedom Tower has not replaced, but serves as a natural extension of the Twin Towers and honors those who have lost their lives, accordingly.
Looking farther north offers the Empire State Building and Chrysler Building, the two iconic skyscrapers that ruled the architectural world of construction beyond imagination in the early 1930’s. And the Goldman-Sachs Tower of Jersey City, on the New Jersey side of the Hudson River, can hold its own amongst the giants of the NY Harbor landmarks. The captivating style of this particular modern design somehow compliments the glorious Manhattan skyline—practically blending in as part of a grand visual sweep from one side of the harbor to the other. And furthermore, the famous Brooklyn Bridge can be seen in the distance between the southern end of Manhattan and the borough of Brooklyn, and to the far south, the Verrazano Bridge dominates the entry way to the great harbor that saw thousands upon thousands of aspiring immigrants who traveled the vast Atlantic Ocean, ultimately arriving in America, while taking their first step on our soil at Ellis Island, under the protective presence of Lady Liberty.
One historic reminder after another permeates the air, causing just about everyone to feel something truly special. Even if visitors know little of the history here, it is nearly impossible not to be awe struck.
In closing, the two extreme ends of the waterfront park, the northern point and the South Lawn, offer monuments that are so powerful and captivating. I am always taken by the Liberation Monument, which honors all of those who served our nation in the fight for freedom. If any of you ever have the chance to visit LSP, please do take some time to genuinely appreciate this statue from all angles, for it almost comes to life. The northern end of the park has the “New Jersey EMPTY SKY 9-11 Memorial,” which must be seen. A surge of emotions will flood through your body as you stand at the site and gaze across to the East where the Twins once stood.
Anyhow, I hope that this passage would serve as a motivating factor to visit Liberty State Park, if possible. Regardless of the degree of personal meaning this may have, it is still a landscape that is well worth the trip . . . Nothing like it in the world.
Comments always appreciated, as long as you keep it clean - I love to hear your feedback! xx
First time wearing this polka dot dress and I like it a lot!
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but will be returning faves "Share + Look"
All best wish happy and take care 2022
Aber Lin
March/26/2022
😍😍😷😷💉💉💉😷😷😍😍
Comments always appreciated, as long as you keep it clean - I love to hear your feedback! xx
Jubilee weekend we went for a day out in York, which is only a 45 minute drive from where I live.
At the Yorkshire Museum.
Will catch up with my commenting today, spent hours at A & E yesterday with my gran after she fell at home.
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This photo was taken at an Iron Maiden concert featuring Dream Theater. And like all Iron Maiden concerts there was many people there. So, Dream Theater was the opening act for Iron Maiden final tour " The Final Frontier". So as one can image there were hundreds of people at General Motors Place, Vancouver, BC. So trying to take a picture like this was difficult with hundreds of people pushing you to the front of the gate. But, I do wish I had a better camera so that the capture I took would look much better in quality.
This image is not from a statistically significant sample size--although it is from a real analysis I did (aka, the figures are not made up).
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Quite a lot of photos from this November evening! Experimenting with a few camera angles so here are the ones which (in my opinion) worked.
Thanks for your visit and your comments added this as a favorite.
Principles of photography, sex, time of light to know
"Lighting"
Without light, photography is impossible.
Do not care to use the film or digital system! However, this light that creates the image. But lights are not equal, in some hours, the light is more brilliant. Although this issue has little importance, because the lack of light can be increased during the exposure and the use of more open aperture to compensate. However, the quality of light in a picture effectively contributed to success.
"Light variable"
The effect of how the sun affects a scene, depends on many different factors.
Mtghyyrand so these factors, which may never unable, as a photo taken today, you are back to interact. Position the Sun in the sky not only change with time, but other factors such as season and location changes. All of these factors on the color, angle and brightness of light affect the amount of change and equally light Rvymvzv that is effective, the impact of Shadows mode.
Certain weather conditions also affect the light conditions and at any moment there are some changes. For example, clouds are not only front the sun, but as filters and player, the quality of light and thus alter the status light images per seconds may change.
Also used the human brain, objects according to their mentality and sees not imagine actually. Of course, sometimes we are following different lighting conditions Breymann (for example, when the sun, its golden rays from the surface to remove a landscape) However Khdr often do not see much difference.
The fact that natural lighting in terms of quality, continuous and varies in intensity of this change Mode Ynmaysh of everything is change. Photographer should see good practice so that before pressing the shutter button (Msdvdknndh) May to determine what the lighting conditions, photos will be better.
From sunrise to sunset
All these photos in a day of spring has been a similar angle.
The pictures show how light can change, and in some circumstances, there will a better image.
The first photo of the photo collection, just before sunrise about 6:45 that morning and the last photo taken of the sunset, about 8:30 PM is taken. These photos of the different time intervals during the day have been, change the amount of light to show the accuracy.
for "quickly commented" please select at least 5 posts / views, easier to edit, thanks bratispixl!
für "quickly commented" bitte mindestens 5 Beiträge / Views wählen, leichter hzu bearbeiten, danke bratispixl !
Comments always appreciated, as long as you keep it clean - I love to hear your feedback! xx
I had a lovely day out showing Jenny around Hull!
Jenny at the solar gate in Queens Gardens - a lovely piece of engineering. The circles on the ground represent various significant dates and times - which align with the sun shining through holes in the solar gate and shines on them.
cliquez ici pour voir nos magnifiques villas, riads, Château et appartements spacieux de KensingtonMorocco.com dans tout le Maroc. nous serions ravis de vous rencontrer personnellement pour vous présenter toutes les propriétés qui répondent à vos exigences.
Description : Des baigneurs posent lors d’une journée à la plage.
Photographe : Inconnu
Date : [Vers 1900]
Cote : 03Q_P547,S1,SS1,SSS1,D366,P44R
Lieu de conservation : BAnQ Québec
ift.tt/1V7m5ey Four-photograph time-lapse view of activity at a Union Army wharf along Potomac Creek in Virginia during the American Civil War, 1864. Link to animated version in comments. [3000x2304] #HistoryPorn #history #retro ift.tt/1qvnj67 via Histolines
Disclaimer, my next comment may make some of you scratch your head. So for the last month, i've been rejoicing in my need for glasses and my new pair. I've wanted cute glasses for years, but did not need them (one of my kids even got me a cheap pair with plain glass, as a joke). 3 years after being told I had AWESOME vision, I went and was told I needed 'readers' (which I was gleefully suspecting for the last 6 months when i'd move things further away to be able to read them). SO...first of all, I actually love the fact that I can read without having to get into a certain position, but right now my really cute glasses are my favorite thing.