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“So, this is the problem as it was told to me by our friend, Icecap.” Said Sky. “There would appear to be a local fish shortage.”
Sky looked at the expressions of horror on the faces of the other bears before he continued.
“Every week I order Icecap a load of fish when we have our order in for honey, well that used to work quite well but recently it is not working at all.”
“Why is it they do not have fish?” Asked Bertie looking amazed at the news.
“Yes, I thought they always had fish, Sky, is this going to happen all the time?” Asked Barnaby feeling very thankful that fish was not his main food.
“I do not know why they do not have fish, they should, they always did, but now they don’t.” Said Sky.
Every bear looked up as Icecap came and sat beside them.
“I think we need more knowledge about fish and the store so we can discover why we have this problem.” Said Posh Bear.
“Well, I went with Elli to the store in her ellicopter to see what was happening.” Said Icecap. “The problem would seem to be they do not have a fish counter there any longer. They are only going to sell fish wrapped into plastic sealed units in future. I got talking to a bear, nice chap, who was waiting to be owned that had lived there for the time, he was saying that the store had been wanting to get rid of the fish counter for ages as it was expensive to run, then came the big hooman sickness that kept everyone indoors and out of stores. That gave the stores the excuse they needed and so they now only have these small sides of fish sealed in hard plastic.” Explained Icecap.
“I see, that is a problem then, anyone any ideas how we can keep Icecap filled up with fresh delicious fish?” Asked Posh Bear.
“Where do they make fish?” Asked Barnaby.
“In the oceans and sea.” Answered Bertie smiling at the idea of a factory line of hoomans making fish to put in the sea.
“Do we know if there is a spare sea kicking around that we could place in the back garden and then Icecap could just lean out of a window when he wanted to eat and help himself.” Explained Barnaby rather proudly that he had got the answer to the problem before anyone else.
“A good idea, Barnaby, but sadly I think you will not be able to find a spare sea, I am fairly sure they are all taken up and as far as I am aware, there are no plans to make new ones just yet.” Said Sky feeling he needed to add some input to the conversation as he is a genius that everyone looked to, to discover answers to difficult questions.
“I suppose I could go and find a sea or ocean and live there.” Said Icecap looking sad at the idea.
“No, that would never work because they don’t have buzzy things in oceans and seas and so we would have no honey.” Said Bertie. “So, if we can’t go nor can our friend Icecap. We need to find an answer.”
“Could we leave a forwarding address to the buzzy things and then they could … no that would not work as they can’t read bear and we can’t write buzzy thing. There must be a logical answer to this problem…” said Sky, rubbing his head with his paw as he tried thinking of the solution.
“The logical answer is easy; it is the illogical answer that I need.” Said Icecap looking shocked that they had been looking at the problem wrong.
“How do you mean, Icecap?” Asked Posh Bear.
“Well, the logical answer is that I ask Elli to fly me to the sea every so often so I can stock up on fish, it wouldn’t take her long and I know she would do it for me.”
“Yes, I can see that, it is a decent way around the problem.” Said Posh Bear smiling.
“Only, I must balance out my fears of flying with Ellie, against the fish the store does have. I was looking for a better answer to get my fish without asking Elli or having the store fish.” Explained Icecap.
“I think I have the answer.” Said Barnaby looking excited.
“What now, Barnaby, maybe send letters to the fish and ask them to catch a lift with Elli?” Said Bertie giggling.
“No, I must admit that I had not thought of that, Bertie. Good idea that it is, I think my idea is much betterer. We find a different store that does sell fish the way Icecap likes it and go there. His fish doesn’t have to come on the same lorry that our honey does.” Barnaby explained.
“Could we try that, Sky? Could you find another store to get it from?” Asked Icecap.
“I think we should try. Good idea young Barnaby, see I am teaching him well. One day he will be a proper genius just like me.” Said Sky smiling as he saw Icecap looking happier.
A Jamaican-ish fellow playing some street reggae on my way to Puerta del Sol. Wasn't Marley's anyway.
Problems again with Stats Flickr views - more or less stuck again. An issue that is being reported by others, too.
Sunday, 19 July 2020: our temperature around 2:30 pm is 20C (windchill 20C). Sunrise is at 5:44 am and sunset is at 9:39 pm. The sun has disappeared and the sky has clouded over this afternoon.
Yesterday, 18 July 2020, was such a beautiful day and a very rewarding one. My destination was, for me, an exciting one - an old ghost town that I had never seen before. A long, return drive of 454 kilometres on a pretty hot day was needed, in order to check out this new location. In order to do a long drive like this, I need to do it when the evenings stay light as late as possible, to make sure I don't have to drive in the dark. Completely tired out at the end of the day, but it was a good tiredness - and, more importantly, a journey that made it so easy to physically distance.
My favourite kind of day always includes a bit of everything - old barns, birds, landscapes, skies, wildflowers, and anything else. This day delivered most of those treats.
Leaving home by 8:30 am (later than I had hoped), most of my drive was highway travel. Not my favourite, but kind of necessary in order to get so far. Roads were fairly empty, which always makes a drive more pleasant, especially when I know I might want to stop to take a photo at any time.
It was definitely a Meadowlark day and it was nice to see one of them with a beak absolutely full of insects for its babies. Other birds included a few familiar species, but ones that are always good to see. I saw one Common Nighthawk this time, unlike the five I saw recently, but one is always enough and greatly appreciated.
Once I got into unfamiliar territory, I had to travel quite a distance before seeing any new-to-me old barns or homesteads. Found the first ones before I reached my destination. Once I reached the ghost town, I thoroughly enjoyed wandering around, taking photos. It is only a small place with a handful of old buildings, but very nicely kept. One of its main buildings is a small, country United Church, kept in great condition both inside and out. I had read online beforehand that people can go inside the church and sign their Guest Book, otherwise I probably would not have gone in. Really liked the door knobs to the front door.
From there, I took more or less the same route home, stopping only to photograph a few birds en route. I arrived home at 8:30 pm, with a smile on my face and eyes that were still open, thanks to taking some black coffee with me in case of emergency (i.e. unable to keep my eyes open!)!
ODC-Problem Solved
I had to replace one of my tires so I used the bologna tire to get to the garage and get the tire changed.
I gave her a mini-groom for Winter, kept most of her locks long except her muzzle, feet etc. and particularly a scissor trim on her head so she can see, which was becoming a problem ...
I have two apples, two bananas, and two oranges. You give me two tomatoes and two peppers.
How many fruits do I have?
A. Ten. Peppers and tomatoes are fruits.
B. Six. You can’t make me eat vegetables disguised as fruit.
C. None. Those are miniatures, not real fruits… and this is just a picture.
D. All of the above. (I have commitment issues.)
- - - - -
Created for the We’re Here group’s observation that math is everywhere.
I was having some problems with the auto focus on my camera. Luckily it was still under warranty. It turned out to be just a kitchen knife on my sensor.
A couple more shots from the night of knife throwing in my kitchen.
Strobist: straight from the camera. the knife is really flying. 1 shoot through cam left, 1 bounced cam right, 1 gelled to BG(poor coverage), and 1 cam mounted for the front of the knife. Timed the toss with the timer.
Been working on a spring swing coat for Skipper. There were many problems to fix including this shoulder seam problem. Once side matched up perfectly the first time. I had to do the second sleeve over twice to get it to line up.
more pics to follow of Skipper's new coat
"What's your pleasure Doc? asks Joe the landlord.
"No time for that" interrupted the Doctor, "Have you seen Mr. Redbox anywhere?"
"No Doc, sorry. He hasn't been in for a while."
Maybe I've been the problem
Maybe I'm the one to blame
But even when I turn it off and blame myself
The outcome feels the same
I've been thinking maybe I've been partly cloudy
Maybe I'm the chance of rain
And maybe I'm overcast
And maybe all my luck's washed down the drain
I've been thinking 'bout everyone
Everyone, you look so lonely
But when I look at the stars
When I look at the stars
When I look at the stars
I see someone else
When I look at the stars, the stars
I feel like myself
- "Stars" by Switchfoot
-Added to the Cream of the Crop pool as most favorited, most viewed and most comments.
Please give attribution to 'ccPixs.com' (and point the link to www.ccPixs.com). Thanks!
Social Media: www.seywut.com/Chris
Maybe there is someone lucky out there
Maybe there is someone stupid out there
BUT
im sure that there is someone learn his lesson
Our goal in counseling is threefold:
1. To get the counselee to see God’s character and compassion through the lens of Scripture;
2. To get the counselee to see himself and his problems as God does;
3. To get the counselee to feel God’s conviction and comfort as he peers intensely into the mirror of His Word. (Garrett Higbee)
“Your problem is to bridge the gap which exists between where you are now and the goal you intend to reach.”
Earl Nightingale
About this photo:
This foot bridge spans the base of the Crabtree Falls at the Tye river. Up ahead, in the next several days I am going to take you on adventure 3 miles of trails up about 1500 feet. Crabtree Falls, according to who you listen to is the highest falls on the East Coast. It is definitely the highest cascading falls. In recent history 23 people have died making the trek up the mountain to the falls. The trail over the years has improved greatly, yet still people fall.
En 1660, Riquet trouve la solution du principal problème : l’arrivée d’eau au point de partage afin d'alimenter les deux versants du canal. Son idée consiste à récupérer l'eau qui coule dans la montagne Noire. Sa connaissance importante de l'hydrographie de la montagne Noire et du Sor lui permet d'imaginer un système d'irrigation ingénieux17,18. Il s'inspire de l'ingénieur français Adam de Craponne qui avait mis en œuvre le même système d'alimentation pour le canal de Craponne.
Jellena (stranger 33)
I had already seen her walk hesitantly, looking at the sky, at the threatening rain clouds. Shall I continue to turn around and go back to the office? I saw her thinking. The law firm where Jellena works is in one of the high flats on the Wilhelminakade in Rotterdam. The windows may or may not open and that is why she had gone outside during her late lunch. Get a breath of fresh air. And then she was approached by a stranger photographer, if he could take a photo for the 100strangers project. With her red shirt she colors so beautifully on the quay.
That was no problem. But ..., put one photo on the internet, nothing more. Of course I promise, thanks Jellena.
This is the 33th photo of my second round of the # 100stangers project.
Find out more about the project and see pictures taken by other photographers at the
www.flickr.com/groups/100strangers/
And can also be found on
German postcard by Benedikt Taschen Verlag GmbH, Köln, 1996. Illustration: Al Buell, 1945. Caption: A Reel Problem.
Join now our group Vintage Bikini Postcards. And take a look at our albums Sizzling Swimwear Postcards, Va-Va-Va-Voom Vintage Pin-ups, Beefcake, Beautiful Bikini Beach Babes and It's a Bikini World .
Here is a dilemma!
This is a Fur Seal. I took this shot while on the Coorong cruise - it was resting on the Goolwa barrages.
Cute? A popular attraction for tourists?
What it is is a major problem for the licensed fishermen of the Coorong whose livelihood is being torn to shreds along with their nets.
The problem is they have never frequented these waters. The indigenous population would have captured/hunted them as soon as they dared to enter these waters way back in time. In the 1800s and 1900s sealers hunted many species of seal to near extinction, but that practice has stopped and now the population of this species in particular is exploding.
I always refer to it as the pendulum - over hunting and the species is severely depleted - rectify that to the other extreme and then you have an exploding population that puts everything else in peril. Fairy penguins along the coastal regions are now under great pressure - some are not convinced the seals are to blame, but if they are not, it is a pretty amazing coincidence.
Hard decisions need to be made on population control and especially where they have never been. Weak politicians who see their position as a career rather than as a public service for the people and the state don't help!
Problems are the part of one's life. But there's no problem without any solution. Each problem has a solution,sometimes the number is more than one. Only thing we need to do is think. Think about the problem,think about the paths that can make the matters easier,and the solution will come out by itself.
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Androgyny is the combination of masculine and feminine characteristics into an ambiguous form. Androgyny may be expressed with regard to biological sex, gender identity, gender expression, or sexual identity.
When androgyny refers to mixed biological sex characteristics in humans, it often refers to intersex people. As a gender identity, androgynous individuals may refer to themselves as non-binary, genderqueer, or gender neutral. As a form of gender expression, androgyny can be achieved through personal grooming or fashion. Androgynous gender expression has waxed and waned in popularity in different cultures and throughout history.
Contents
1Etymology
2History
3Symbols and iconography
4Biological
5Psychological
5.1Bem Sex-Role Inventory
5.2Personal Attribues Questionnaire
6Gender identity
7Gender expression
7.1Androgyny in fashion
8Alternatives
9Contemporary trends
10See also
11References
12External links
Etymology[edit]
Androgyny as a noun came into use c. 1850, nominalizing the adjective androgynous. The adjective use dates from the early 17th century and is itself derived from the older French (14th Century) and English (c. 1550) term androgyne. The terms are ultimately derived from Ancient Greek: ἀνδρόγυνος, from ἀνήρ, stem ἀνδρ- (anér, andr-, meaning man) and γυνή (gunē, gyné, meaning woman) through the Latin: androgynus,[1] The older word form androgyne is still in use as a noun with an overlapping set of meanings.
History[edit]
See also: Sexuality in ancient Rome § Hermaphroditism and androgyny
Androgyny among humans – expressed in terms of biological sex characteristics, gender identity, or gender expression – is attested to from earliest history and across world cultures. In ancient Sumer, androgynous and hermaphroditic men were heavily involved in the cult of Inanna.[2]:157–158 A set of priests known as gala worked in Inanna's temples, where they performed elegies and lamentations.[2]:285 Gala took female names, spoke in the eme-sal dialect, which was traditionally reserved for women, and appear to have engaged in homosexual intercourse.[3] In later Mesopotamian cultures, kurgarrū and assinnu were servants of the goddess Ishtar (Inanna's East Semitic equivalent), who dressed in female clothing and performed war dances in Ishtar's temples.[3] Several Akkadian proverbs seem to suggest that they may have also engaged in homosexual intercourse.[3] Gwendolyn Leick, an anthropologist known for her writings on Mesopotamia, has compared these individuals to the contemporary Indian hijra.[2]:158–163 In one Akkadian hymn, Ishtar is described as transforming men into women.[3]
The ancient Greek myth of Hermaphroditus and Salmacis, two divinities who fused into a single immortal – provided a frame of reference used in Western culture for centuries. Androgyny and homosexuality are seen in Plato's Symposium in a myth that Aristophanes tells the audience.[4] People used to be spherical creatures, with two bodies attached back to back who cartwheeled around. There were three sexes: the male-male people who descended from the sun, the female-female people who descended from the earth, and the male-female people who came from the moon. This last pairing represented the androgynous couple. These sphere people tried to take over the gods and failed. Zeus then decided to cut them in half and had Apollo repair the resulting cut surfaces, leaving the navel as a reminder to not defy the gods again. If they did, he would cleave them in two again to hop around on one leg. Plato states in this work that homosexuality is not shameful. This is one of the earlier written references to androgyny. Other early references to androgyny include astronomy, where androgyn was a name given to planets that were sometimes warm and sometimes cold.[5]
Philosophers such as Philo of Alexandria, and early Christian leaders such as Origen and Gregory of Nyssa, continued to promote the idea of androgyny as humans' original and perfect state during late antiquity.”[6] In medieval Europe, the concept of androgyny played an important role in both Christian theological debate and Alchemical theory. Influential Theologians such as John of Damascus and John Scotus Eriugena continued to promote the pre-fall androgyny proposed by the early Church Fathers, while other clergy expounded and debated the proper view and treatment of contemporary “hermaphrodites.”[6]
Western esotericism’s embrace of androgyny continued into the modern period. A 1550 anthology of Alchemical thought, De Alchemia, included the influential Rosary of the Philosophers, which depicts the sacred marriage of the masculine principle (Sol) with the feminine principle (Luna) producing the "Divine Androgyne," a representation of Alchemical Hermetic beliefs in dualism, transformation, and the transcendental perfection of the union of opposites.[7] The symbolism and meaning of androgyny was a central preoccupation of the German mystic Jakob Böhme and the Swedish philosopher Emanuel Swedenborg. The philosophical concept of the “Universal Androgyne” (or “Universal Hermaphrodite”) – a perfect merging of the sexes that predated the current corrupted world and/or was the utopia of the next – also plays a central role in Rosicrucian doctrine[8][9] and in philosophical traditions such as Swedenborgianism and Theosophy. Twentieth century architect Claude Fayette Bragdon expressed the concept mathematically as a magic square, using it as building block in many of his most noted buildings.[10]
Symbols and iconography[edit]
The Caduceus
In the ancient and medieval worlds, androgynous people and/or hermaphrodites were represented in art by the caduceus, a wand of transformative power in ancient Greco-Roman mythology. The caduceus was created by Tiresias and represents his transformation into a woman by Juno in punishment for striking at mating snakes. The caduceus was later carried by Hermes/Mercury and was the basis for the astronomical symbol for the planet Mercury and the botanical sign for hermaphrodite. That sign is now sometimes used for transgender people.
Another common androgyny icon in the medieval and early modern period was the Rebis, a conjoined male and female figure, often with solar and lunar motifs. Still another symbol was what is today called sun cross, which united the cross (or saltire) symbol for male with the circle for female.[11] This sign is now the astronomical symbol for the planet Earth.[12]
Mercury symbol derived from the Caduceus
A Rebis from 1617
"Rose and Cross" Androgyne symbol
Alternate "rose and cross" version
Biological[edit]
See also: Sex differences in humans
Historically, the word androgynous was applied to humans with a mixture of male and female sex characteristics, and was sometimes used synonymously with the term hermaphrodite.[13] In some disciplines, such as botany, androgynous and hermaphroditic are still used interchangeably.
When androgyny is used to refer to physical traits, it often refers to a person whose biological sex is difficult to discern at a glance because of their mixture of male and female characteristics. Because androgyny encompasses additional meanings related to gender identity and gender expression that are distinct from biological sex, today the word androgynous is rarely used to formally describe mixed biological sex characteristics in humans. [14] In modern English, the word intersex is used to more precisely describe individuals with mixed or ambiguous sex characteristics. However, both intersex and non-intersex people can exhibit a mixture of male and female sex traits such as hormone levels, type of internal and external genitalia, and the appearance of secondary sex characteristics.
Psychological[edit]
Though definitions of androgyny vary throughout the scientific community, it is generally supported that androgyny represents a blending of traits associated with both masculinity and femininity. In psychological study, various measures have been used to characterize gender, such as the Bem Sex Role Inventory, the Personal Attributes Questionnaire.[15]
Broadly speaking, masculine traits are categorized as agentic and instrumental, dealing with assertiveness and analytical skill. Feminine traits are categorized as communal and expressive, dealing with empathy and subjectivity.[16] Androgynous individuals exhibit behavior that extends beyond what is normally associated with their given sex.[17] Due to the possession of both masculine and feminine characteristics, androgynous individuals have access to a wider array of psychological competencies in regards to emotional regulation, communication styles, and situational adaptability. Androgynous individuals have also been associated with higher levels of creativity and mental health.[18][19]
Bem Sex-Role Inventory[edit]
The Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) was constructed by the early leading proponent of androgyny, Sandra Bem (1977).[20][better source needed] The BSRI is one of the most widely used gender measures. Based on an individual's responses to the items in the BSRI, they are classified as having one of four gender role orientations: masculine, feminine, androgynous, or undifferentiated. Bem understood that both masculine and feminine characteristics could be expressed by anyone and it would determine those gender role orientations.[21]
An androgynous person is an individual who has a high degree of both feminine (expressive) and masculine (instrumental) traits. A feminine individual is ranked high on feminine (expressive) traits and ranked low on masculine (instrumental) traits. A masculine individual is ranked high on instrumental traits and ranked low on expressive traits. An undifferentiated person is low on both feminine and masculine traits.[20]
According to Sandra Bem, androgynous individuals are more flexible and more mentally healthy than either masculine or feminine individuals; undifferentiated individuals are less competent.[20] More recent research has debunked this idea, at least to some extent, and Bem herself has found weaknesses in her original pioneering work. Now she prefers to work with gender schema theory.
One study found that masculine and androgynous individuals had higher expectations for being able to control the outcomes of their academic efforts than feminine or undifferentiated individuals.[22]
Personal Attribues Questionnaire[edit]
The Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ) was developed in the 70s by Janet Spence, Robert Helmreich, and Joy Stapp. This test asked subjects to complete to a survey consisting of three sets of scales relating to masculinity, femininity, and masculinity-femininity. These scales had sets of adjectives commonly associated with males, females, and both. These descriptors were chosen based on typical characteristics as rated by a population of undergrad students. Similar to the BSRI, the PAQ labeled androgynous individuals as people who ranked highly in both the areas of masculinity and femininity. However, Spence and Helmreich considered androgyny to be a descriptor of high levels of masculinity and femininity as opposed to a category in and of itself.[15]
Gender identity[edit]
An individual's gender identity, a personal sense of one's own gender, may be described as androgynous if they feel that they have both masculine and feminine aspects. The word androgyne can refer to a person who does not fit neatly into one of the typical masculine or feminine gender roles of their society, or to a person whose gender is a mixture of male and female, not necessarily half-and-half. Many androgynous individuals identify as being mentally or emotionally both masculine and feminine. They may also identify as "gender-neutral", "genderqueer", or "non-binary".[23] A person who is androgynous may engage freely in what is seen as masculine or feminine behaviors as well as tasks. They have a balanced identity that includes the virtues of both men and women and may disassociate the task with what gender they may be socially or physically assigned to.[24] People who are androgynous disregard what traits are culturally constructed specifically for males and females within a specific society, and rather focus on what behavior is most effective within the situational circumstance.[24]
Many non-western cultures recognize additional androgynous gender identities. Jewish culture recognizes the Tumtum and Androgynos genders. In Chinese culture exists the Yinyang ren gender. The Bugis of Indonesia recognize five genders, Bissu representing the androgynous category. In Hawaiian culture, the third gender Māhū is recognized. In Oaxacan Zapotec culture, the Muxe are recognized as a third gender. In India, the Hijra is the third androgynous gender. Samoans accept Fa’afafine as a third gender. Native American culture includes Two Spirit as a general third gender.
Gender expression[edit]
Gender expression, which includes a mixture of masculine and feminine characteristics, can be described as androgynous. The categories of masculine and feminine in gender expression are socially constructed, and rely on shared conceptions of clothing, behavior, communication style, and other aspects of presentation. In some cultures, androgynous gender expression has been celebrated, while in others, androgynous expression has been limited or suppressed. To say that a culture or relationship is androgynous is to say that it lacks rigid gender roles, or has blurred lines between gender roles.
The word genderqueer is often used by androgynous individuals to refer to themselves, but the terms genderqueer and androgynous are neither equivalent nor interchangeable.[25] Genderqueer is not specific to androgynes, and does not denote gender identity. It may refer to any person, cisgender or transgender, whose behavior falls outside conventional gender norms. Furthermore, genderqueer, by virtue of its ties with queer culture, carries sociopolitical connotations that androgyny does not carry. For these reasons, some androgynes may find the label genderqueer inaccurate, inapplicable, or offensive. Androgneity is considered by some to be a viable alternative to androgyn for differentiating internal (psychological) factors from external (visual) factors.[26]
Terms such as bisexual, heterosexual, and homosexual have less meaning for androgynous individuals who do not identify as men or women to begin with. Infrequently the words gynephilia and androphilia are used, and some describe themselves as androsexual. These words refer to the gender of the person someone is attracted to, but do not imply any particular gender on the part of the person who is feeling the attraction.[citation needed]
Louise Brooks exemplified the flapper. Flappers challenged traditional gender roles, had boyish hair cuts and androgynous figures.[27]
Androgyny in fashion[edit]
Throughout most of twentieth century Western history, social rules have restricted people's dress according to gender. Trousers were traditionally a male form of dress, frowned upon for women.[28] However, during the 1800s, female spies were introduced and Vivandières wore a certain uniform with a dress over trousers. Women activists during that time would also decide to wear trousers, for example Luisa Capetillo, a women's rights activist and the first woman in Puerto Rico to wear trousers in public.[29]
Coco Chanel wearing a sailor's jersey and trousers. 1928
In the 1900s, starting around World War I traditional gender roles blurred and fashion pioneers such as Paul Poiret and Coco Chanel introduced trousers to women's fashion. The "flapper style" for women of this era included trousers and a chic bob, which gave women an androgynous look.[30] Coco Chanel, who had a love for wearing trousers herself, created trouser designs for women such as beach pajamas and horse-riding attire.[28] During the 1930s, glamorous actresses such as Marlene Dietrich fascinated and shocked many with their strong desire to wear trousers and adopt the androgynous style. Dietrich is remembered as one of the first actresses to wear trousers in a premiere.[31]
Yves Saint Laurent, the tuxedo suit "Le Smoking", created in 1966
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the women's liberation movement is likely to have contributed to ideas and influenced fashion designers, such as Yves Saint Laurent.[32] Yves Saint Laurent designed the Le Smoking suit and first introduced in 1966, and Helmut Newton’s erotized androgynous photographs of it made Le Smoking iconic and classic.[33] The Le Smoking tuxedo was a controversial statement of femininity and has revolutionized trousers.
Elvis Presley, however is considered to be the one who introduced the androgynous style in rock'n'roll and made it the standard template for rock'n'roll front-men since the 1950s.[34] His pretty face and use of eye makeup often made people think he was a rather "effeminate guy",[35] but Elvis Presley was considered as the prototype for the looks of rock'n'roll.[34] The Rolling Stones, says Mick Jagger became androgynous "straightaway unconsciously" because of him.[35]
However, the upsurge of androgynous dressing for men really began after during the 1960s and 1970s. When the Rolling Stones played London's Hyde Park in 1969, Mick Jagger wore a white "man's dress" designed by British designer Mr Fish.[36] Mr Fish, also known as Michael Fish, was the most fashionable shirt-maker in London, the inventor of the Kipper tie, and a principal taste-maker of the Peacock revolution in men's fashion.[37] His creation for Mick Jagger was considered to be the epitome of the swinging 60s.[38] From then on, the androgynous style was being adopted by many celebrities.
Annie Lennox was known for her androgyny in the 1980s
During the 1970s, Jimi Hendrix was wearing high heels and blouses quite often, and David Bowie presented his alter ego Ziggy Stardust, a character that was a symbol of sexual ambiguity when he launched the album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and Spiders from Mars.[39] This was when androgyny entered the mainstream in the 1970s and had a big influence in pop culture. Another significant influence during this time included John Travolta, one of the androgynous male heroes of the post-counter-culture disco era in the 1970s, who starred in Grease and Saturday Night Fever.[40]
Continuing into the 1980s, the rise of avant-garde fashion designers like Yohji Yamamoto,[41] challenged the social constructs around gender. They reinvigorated androgyny in fashion, addressing gender issues. This was also reflected within pop culture icons during the 1980s, such as David Bowie and Annie Lennox.[42]
Power dressing for women became even more prominent within the 1980s which was previously only something done by men in order to look structured and powerful. However, during the 1980s this began to take a turn as women were entering jobs with equal roles to the men. In the article “The Menswear Phenomenon” by Kathleen Beckett written for Vogue in 1984 the concept of power dressing is explored as women entered these jobs they had no choice but to tailor their wardrobes accordingly, eventually leading the ascension of power dressing as a popular style for women.[43] Women begin to find through fashion they can incite men to pay more attention to the seduction of their mental prowess rather, than the physical attraction of their appearance. This influence in the fashion world quickly makes its way to the world of film, with movies like "Working Girl" using power dressing women as their main subject matter.
Androgynous fashion made its most powerful in the 1980s debut through the work of Yohji Yamamoto and Rei Kawakubo, who brought in a distinct Japanese style that adopted distinctively gender ambiguous theme. These two designers consider themselves to very much a part of the avant-garde, reinvigorating Japanism.[44] Following a more anti-fashion approach and deconstructing garments, in order to move away from the more mundane aspects of current Western fashion. This would end up leading a change in Western fashion in the 1980s that would lead on for more gender friendly garment construction. This is because designers like Yamamoto believe that the idea of androgyny should be celebrated, as it is an unbiased way for an individual to identify with one's self and that fashion is purely a catalyst for this.[citation needed]
Also during the 1980s, Grace Jones's a famous singer and fashion model gender-thwarted appearance in the 1980s which startled the public, but her androgynous style of heavily derivative of power dressing and eccentric personality has inspired many, and has become an androgynous style icon for modern celebrities.[45] This was seen as controversial but from then on, there was a rise of unisex designers later in the 1990s and the androgynous style was widely adopted by many.
In 2016, Louis Vuitton revealed that Jaden Smith would star in their womenswear campaign. Because of events like this, gender fluidity in fashion is being vigorously discussed in the media, with the concept being articulated by Lady Gaga, Ruby Rose, and in Tom Hooper's film The Danish Girl. Jaden Smith and other young individuals, such as Lily-Rose Depp, have inspired the movement with his appeal for clothes to be non-gender specific, meaning that men can wear skirts and women can wear boxer shorts if they so wish.[46]
Alternatives[edit]
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This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (August 2009)
An alternative to androgyny is gender-role transcendence: the view that individual competence should be conceptualized on a personal basis rather than on the basis of masculinity, femininity, or androgyny.[47]
In agenderism, the division of people into women and men (in the psychical sense), is considered erroneous and artificial.[48] Agendered individuals are those who reject genderic labeling in conception of self-identity and other matters.[49] [50][51][52] They see their subjectivity through the term person instead of woman or man.[49]:p.16 According to E. O. Wright, genderless people can have traits, behaviors and dispositions that correspond to what is currently viewed as feminine and masculine, and the mix of these would vary across persons. Nevertheless, it doesn't suggest that everyone would be androgynous in their identities and practices in the absence of gendered relations. What disappears in the idea of genderlessness is any expectation that some characteristics and dispositions are strictly attributed to a person of any biological sex.[53]
Contemporary trends[edit]
This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (January 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Jennifer Miller, bearded woman
X Japan founder Yoshiki is often labelled androgynous, known for having worn lace dresses and acting effeminate during performances[54]
South Korean pop star G-Dragon is often noted for his androgynous looks[55][56]
Androgyny has been gaining more prominence in popular culture in the early 21st century.[57] Both fashion industries[58] and pop culture have accepted and even popularised the "androgynous" look, with several current celebrities being hailed as creative trendsetters.
The rise of the metrosexual in the first decade of the 2000s has also been described as a related phenomenon associated with this trend. Traditional gender stereotypes have been challenged and reset in recent years dating back to the 1960s, the hippie movement and flower power. Artists in film such as Leonardo DiCaprio sported the "skinny" look in the 1990s, a departure from traditional masculinity which resulted in a fad known as "Leo Mania".[59] This trend came long after musical superstars such as David Bowie, Boy George, Prince, Pete Burns and Annie Lennox challenged the norms in the 1970s and had elaborate cross gender wardrobes by the 1980s.[citation needed] Musical stars such as Brett Anderson of the British band Suede, Marilyn Manson and the band Placebo have used clothing and makeup to create an androgyny culture throughout the 1990s and the first decade of the 2000s.[60]
While the 1990s unrolled and fashion developed an affinity for unisex clothes there was a rise of designers who favored that look, like Helmut Lang, Giorgio Armani and Pierre Cardin, the trends in fashion hit the public mainstream in the 2000s (decade) that featured men sporting different hair styles: longer hair, hairdyes, hair highlights.[citation needed] Men in catalogues started wearing jewellery, make up, visual kei, designer stubble. These styles have become a significant mainstream trend of the 21st century, both in the western world and in Asia.[61] Japanese and Korean cultures have featured the androgynous look as a positive attribute in society, as depicted in both K-pop, J-pop,[62] in anime and manga,[63] as well as the fashion industry.[64]
See also[edit]
List of androgynous people
Bigender
Epicenity
Futanari
Gender bender
Gender dysphoria
Gender neutrality
Gonochorism
Gynandromorph
Gynomorph
Hermaphrodite
List of transgender-related topics
Non-binary gender
Pangender
Postgenderism
Sexual Orientation Hypothesis
Third gender
Transsexualism
Trigender
True hermaphroditism
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b c Leick, Gwendolyn (2013) [1994]. Sex and Eroticism in Mesopotamian Literature. New York City, New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-92074-7.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Roscoe, Will; Murray, Stephen O. (1997). Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History, and Literature. New York City, New York: New York University Press. pp. 65–66. ISBN 0-8147-7467-9.
^ The Symposium: and, The Phaedrus; Plato's erotic dialogues. Translated and with introduction and commentaries by William S. Cobb. Albany: State University of New York Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-7914-1617-4.
^ "Androgyn". University of Michigan Library. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b van der Lugt, Maaike, "Sex Difference in Medieval Theology and Canon Law," Medieval Feminist Forum (University of Iowa) vol. 46 no. 1 (2010): 101–121
^ Hauck, Dennis William (2008). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Alchemy. New York: Alpha Books. ISBN 9781592577354. OCLC 176917711.
^ Atkinson, William Walker (2012). Marsh, Clint (ed.). The Secret Doctrine of the Rosicrucians. San Francisco, CA: Weiser Books. pp. 52–61. ISBN 9781578635344. OCLC 792888485.
^ Rosicrucian Order, AMORC (13 December 2011). "Rosicrucian Prophecies" (PDF). rose-croix.org. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
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^ Rogers, Kara (6 February 2009). "Androgyny". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
^ Gartzia, Leire; Pizzaro, Jon; Baniandres, Josune. "Emotional Androgyny: A Preventive Factor of Psychosocial Risks at Work?". Frontiers in Psychology. 9 – via PMC.
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^ Choi, N. (2004). Sex role group differences in specific, academic, and general self-efficacy. Journal of Psychology, 138, 149–159.
^ "Definition of androgynous: Dictionary and Thesaurus". Retrieved 13 July 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Woodhill, Brenda; Samuels, Curtis (2004). "DESIRABLE AND UNDESIRABLE ANDROGYNY: A PRESCRIPTION FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY". Journal of Gender Studies.
^ www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/genderqueer
^ "Psychological Androgyny -- A Personal Take". Retrieved 13 July 2014.
^ New world coming: the 1920s and the making of modern America. New York: Scribner, 2003, p. 253, ISBN 978-0-684-85295-9.
^ Jump up to: a b Ewing, E.; Mackrell, A. (2002). History of Twentieth Century Fashion. LA: Quite Specific Media Group Ltd.
^ Valle-Ferrer, Norma (1 June 2006). Luisa Capetillo, Pioneer Puerto Rican Feminist: With the collaboration of students from the Graduate Program in Translation, The University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, Spring 1991. Peter Lang Publishing Inc. ISBN 9780820442853.
^ Köksal, Duygu; Falierou, Anastasia (10 October 2013). A Social History of Late Ottoman Women: New Perspectives. BRILL. ISBN 9789004255258.
^ "Harriet Fisher". The Queen of Androgyny – Marlene Dietrich – Blog. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
^ Commentator, Sally Kohn, CNN Political. "The Seventies: The sex freakout". CNN. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
^ Moet, Sophie (1 May 2014). "Androgyny and Feminism". Sophie Moet. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Elvis Never Gets Credit for One of His Greatest Gifts to Rock 'n Roll". Observer. 8 January 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Daniel, Pete (1 January 2000). Lost Revolutions: The South in the 1950s. Univ of North Carolina Press. ISBN 9780807848487.
^ Baker, Lindsay. "His or hers: Will androgynous fashion catch on?". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
^ Elan, Priya (13 March 2016). "Peacock revolution back with label that dressed Mick Jagger and David Bowie". The Guardian. London.
^ "Mick Jagger's white dress cast him as a romantic hero". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
^ Lalovic, Itana (19 November 2013). "Androgyny in the fashion world". Wall Street International. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
^ Rehling, Nicola (21 June 2010). Extra-Ordinary Men: White Heterosexual Masculinity and Contemporary Popular Cinema. Lexington Books. ISBN 9781461633426.
^ "Global Influences: Challenging Western Traditions". London: Berg.
^ Andrew Anthony (10 October 2010). "Annie Lennox: the interview". The Observer. London, UK. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
^ "The Menswear Phenomenon". Vogue; Conde Nast.
^ "Global Influences: Challenging Western Traditions". London: Berg.
^ "Androgynous Fashion Moments". Highsnobiety. 14 May 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
^ "Gender Fluidity in the Fashion Industry". Cub Magazine. 8 February 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
^ Pleck, J. H. (1995). The gender-role strain paradigm. In R. F. Levant & W. S. Pollack (Ed.s), A new psychology of men. New York: Basic Books.
^ Butler, Judith P. (1993). Bodies that Matter: On the Discursive Limits of 'Sex'. New York: Routledge. pp. 2–3. ISBN 9780415903660. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Galupo, M. Paz; Pulice-Farrow, Lex; Ramirez, Johanna L. (2017). "Like a Constantly Flowing River": Gender Identity Flexibility Among Nonbinary Transgender Individuals. pp. 163–177. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55658-1_10. ISBN 978-3-319-55656-7.
^ Johanna Schorn. "Taking the "Sex" out of Transsexual: Representations of Trans Identities in Popular Media" (PDF). Inter-Disciplinary.Net. Universität zu Köln. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
^ Galupo, M. Paz; Henise, Shane B.; Davis, Kyle S. (2014). "Transgender microaggressions in the context of friendship: Patterns of experience across friends' sexual orientation and gender identity". Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity. 1 (4): 462. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.708.6228. doi:10.1037/sgd0000075.
^ Sumerau, J. E.; Cragun, R. T.; Mathers, L. A. B. (2015). "Contemporary Religion and the Cisgendering of Reality". Social Currents. 3 (3): 2. doi:10.1177/2329496515604644.
^ Erik Olin Wright (2011). "In defense of genderlessness (The Sex-Gender Distinction)". In Axel Gosseries, Philippe Vanderborght (ed.). Arguing about justice. Louvain: Presses universitaires de Louvain. pp. 403–413. ISBN 9782874632754. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
^ Ian Chapman, Henry Johnson, ed. (2016). Global Glam and Popular Music: Style and Spectacle from the 1970s to the 2000s. Routledge. pp. 203–205. ISBN 9781317588191.
^ "Move over, Psy! Here comes G-Dragon style". The Independent. 17 August 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
^ "K-pop: a beginner's guide". The Guardian. 3 March 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
^ "Androgyny becoming global?". uniorb.com. Archived from the original on 26 December 2010. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
^ Wendlandt, Astrid. "Androgynous look back for spring". Reuters. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
^ Peter Hartlaub (24 February 2005). "The teenage fans from 'Titanic' days jump ship as Leonardo DiCaprio moves on". sfgate.com. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
^ Cavendish, Marshall (2010). Sex and Society, Vol 1. Paul Bernabeo. p. 69.
^ "Androgynous look catches on". The Himalayan Times. 13–16 September 2010. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
^ "Harajuku Girls Harajuku Clothes And Harajuku Gothic fashion Secrets". Tokyo Top Guide. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
^ "Profile of Kagerou". jpopasia.com. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
^ Webb, Martin (13 November 2005). "Japan Fashion Week in Tokyo 2005. A stitch in time?". The Japan Times. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
External links[edit]
Look up androgyny in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Androgyny.
Androgyny: study and collection of articles
Androgyne Online
Sandra Bem and androgyny
The Two-Spirit Tradition
showvte
Intersex
showvte
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) topics
Authority control Edit this at Wikidata
BNE: XX538802 BNF: cb11960041p (data) GND: 7654104-6
Categories: AndrogynyNon-binary genderHuman appearanceFashion aestheticsLGBT
Look Guys...You all look like that you have a problem to share......And goodness me......Don't for one moment think I don't know that we have no windows or doors in our new house....Never mind a carpet on the floor......But look on the bright side........ We do have a roof over heads with some fitted benches for seating and a beautiful view to our back yard......And let's not forget that with this size property there will be a lot less housework for you to do......Leaving you much more time for you all to enjoy my guitar playing and singing....What do you mean.....That is the problem!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! .
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PS On a serious note....Halo would like you to know that if you could see just a bit further to the next field.....You not only see sheep ready for lambing ......But the field after is Silverstone....The home of British motorsport......
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No checkout lane soda
Edwardsville, PA. February 2020.
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If you would like to use THIS picture in any sort of media elsewhere (such as newspaper or article), please send me a Flickrmail or send me an email at natehenderson6@gmail.com
My wife and I were enjoying a coffee in a park in Toronto’s east end when he arrived at a bench nearby and parked his unique bicycle. It had a very low-to-the-ground frame and a very long wheelbase. I recognized it as a “custom” and when we had finished our coffees I went over to compliment him on the bike. He appreciated my interest and confirmed that it is a custom. The frame is from a company in California and it’s in the “low-rider” style. Meet Louis.
Louis is very proud of the bike and said he has another at home where he lives, an hour northeast of Toronto. He also has a Harley Davidson motorcycle he enjoys riding when he’s not bicycling. Louis explained that there are a number of such bicycles – all different – around Toronto and many of the owners are part of a group called Loco Riders. He himself found out about custom bikes when he saw one on the street a few years ago. When he expressed interest he was told to attend the Zombie Walk in Toronto if he wanted to see more customs. He did and that was all it took for him to fall in love with custom bikes. He had to have one of his own. This bike was purchased from the original owner who decided he wanted a lighter bike.
He keeps his bike inside and doesn’t use it around home much due to the fear of it being stolen. He transported it into Toronto today, parked his vehicle downtown near the harbor, and rode the bike along the Martin Goodman Trail to the Beaches where we met. The low-rider had a small skull attached to the hub of the long handlebars and he explained it was a squirrel skull he had come across. The fake human skull forms the knob on the “dead man’s shifter” used to change gears. He called my attention to a sticker on the bottom part of the frame that read “There’s no life like low life” in reference to the low-rider community. When I asked about the frame he said it’s referred to as a “gangster frame.”
Louis explained that some in the custom bike world consider themselves gang members but that his interest does not go in that direction. He seemed community-spirited and told of a “poker run” event he took part in recently on his Harley to help raise funds for a family in the community in need of financial assistance to help care for their special needs daughter.
When I asked what he does when he’s not riding he explained he works for a truck and heavy machine company in the business office. He used to be a truck transmission mechanic but health problems made it difficult for him to continue working under trucks and he has now spent several years in the business office.
When I asked him if he would let me photograph him and his bike for my Human Family project he said “Sure, if you want to.” I took a couple of photos and then he sat down on the bench to continue talking about custom bikes. As we talked, I asked to take another portrait-style photo of him sitting on the bench and he shrugged his agreement. “No problem.” He said he didn’t need a copy of the photos when I offered them and he proceeded to show me a multitude of photos he had on his cell phone.
I asked Louis to share a message with the project and he thought for a moment. “You’re never too old to have fun.” We both laughed and he elaborated “Here I am, 60 years old and I’m still playing with my toys.” Noting the bicycle helmet in my hand he said “I see you’re riding. What kind of bike do you ride?” I explained “Nothing unique. It’s just a pretty well used city bike.” Louis replied “There’s nothing wrong with city bikes.”
We parted with a friendly handshake and wished each other safe cycling.
This is my 844th submission to The Human Family Group on Flickr.
You can view more street portraits and stories by visiting The Human Family.
This image is another one of my favourites. It is from the photographers gallery in Central London, they have used different lenses in front of the image, it's set up to look like your looking through someone's glasses. I liked this one because it shows that some people can reach to the top without any distractions, problems or difficulties in their way, though others do have to struggle to get there. They will get there because they can see it but it's not clear due to the fact that they have these paths to take. the background is in focus because that's viewed through the camera's own lens yet the right hand side is blurred because it's taken through the other lens.
"Apollo and Daphne" by Gian Lorenzo Bernini within the Freedom Mausoleum at Forest Lawn Glendale, California
"Whoga, ma arrrggh!" asked Chewie,
"Oh, I see Chewie, well I am sorry but the little bird helicopter wasn't designed with Wookie's in mind as pilots" answered Jake.
Central coast, Peru.
Museum Fünf Kontinente, Munich.
There's a chronological problem with the dating of this figurine. It revolves around the beads.
Before addressing the problem, it's necessary to examine the exhibit. It consists of a clay figurine of a woman, a beaded ear decoration and one or more strings of beads around the figurine's neck and over her shoulders.
The beads in ear decoration are quite likely made from the shells of Spondylus, or thorny oyster. While Spondylus beads can be white and pink, they're frequently the reddish-orange shade seen here.
"Spondylus is a bivalve mollusk found in warmer waters in Ecuador and along the most northern coast of Peru . . . However, Spondylus shell beads found on the Central Coast of Peru must have arrived there through exchange networks since the shells were only sourced further north. They were traded before the arrival of the Spanish." *
The necklace is the focus of this discussion. The overwhelming percentage of the beads are light brown. It's likely they're made from marine shell, possibly even Spondylus.
However, there are five blue beads interspersed among the light brown beads. They are chevron beads made in Europe.
"Chevron beads are complex multi colored beads with a pattern of blue, white and red. Chevron beads were found throughout Peru but were not endogenous to the region. These beads were manufactured in Venice and can be dated by the distinct colors and number of layers." *
The reason the museum label gives the year 1450 as the latest date when the figurine could have been manufactured is because the Inca are reported to have conquered the Chancay polity in that year.
Let's assume the beads in the necklace were around the figurine's neck when it was discovered and that the objects were undisturbed. If that's correct, the figurine could not have been made before the third decade of the sixteenth century.
Francisco Pizarro captured the Inca emperor in 1532. An influx of Spaniards entered the territory of today's Peru shortly thereafter. They brought with them objects of European material culture, including chevron beads.
If the figurine was made after 1532, it suggests that traditional cultural practices persisted in some form after the arrival of the Spaniards in the early sixteenth century. Either the people who made the figurine managed to evade the Spaniards' campaign against "idolatries," or the campaign had not yet reached the former Chancay culture area when these objects were assembled.
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*Source of quoted material about beads:
"Tracing Sixteenth Century Beads in South America to Understand Their Impact on Indigenous Ritual Practices and Material Culture at the Time of the Spanish Conquest."
Kristi May Feinzig
A Thesis in the Field of Anthropology and Archaeology for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies
Harvard University
March 2017
Classic Problem: A farmer needs to cross a river, but his boat can only hold one other passenger or item. He can't leave the grain with the chicken for the chicken will eat the grain. He can't leave the fox with the chicken for the fox will eat the chicken.
How can he manage to get the fox, the chicken, and the sack of grain safely across the river?
Se riesco, caricherò qualcosa usando il NETBOOK (troppo lento) ...
If I can, I will upload something using the NETBOOK (too slow)