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And the Evobus rep and customer services staff headed straight towards BJ16KXL a Mercedes Benz Tourismo C48FT that had been delivered THIS MORNING....Photo taken Corley services 15/06/16
Highlighting the problem we all have, Payday is tomorrow and there is just nothing to eat.
I emptied the fridge apart from the larger and I unwrapped the cheese to give it a bit better colour and contrast, I also sprayed the bottle with water to make it look more attractive. I would have loved to remove my reflection but was unsure how to do this.
Light was constantly a problem photographing this mother fox and her two kits! This day I watched them for an hour in the rain! How fun it was to watch these little ones interact with each other and their mother!
the absence of evidence for extraterrestrial intelligence. For the type ofestimation problem, see Fermi problem. For the music album, see Fermi Paradox (album). For the short story, see The Fermi Paradox Is Our Business Model.A graphical representation of the Arecibo message – Humanity's first
attempt to use radio waves to actively communicate its existence to alien civilizations. The Fermi paradox (or Fermi's paradox) is the apparent contradiction between high estimates of the probability of the existence of extraterrestrial civilization and humanity's lack of contact with, or evidence for, such civilizations.[1] The basic points of the argument,
made by physicists Enrico Fermi and Michael H. Hart, are:
• The Sun is a young star. There are billions of stars in the galaxy that are billions of years older;• Some of these stars likely have Earth-like planets[2] which, if the Earth is typical, may develop intelligent life;• Presumably some of these civilizations will develop interstellar travel, as Earth seems likely to do;• At any practical pace of interstellar travel, the galaxy can be completely colonized in just a few tens of millions of years.According to this line of thinking, the Earth should have already been colonized, or at least visited. But no convincing evidence of this exists.Furthermore, no confirmed signs of intelligence elsewhere have been spotted, either in our galaxy or the more than 80 billion other galaxies of
the observable universe. Hence Fermi's question "Where is everybody?"
brainu.org/files/wikipedia_fermi_paradox_information.pdf
Frank Drake in 1961 in an attempt to find a systematic means to evaluate the numerous probabilities involved in the existence of alien life. The speculative equation considers the rate of star formation in the galaxy; the fraction of stars with planets and the number per star that are habitable; the fraction of those planets that develop life; the fraction that develop intelligent life; the fraction that have detectable, technological intelligent life; and finally the length of time such communicable civilizations are detectable. The fundamental problem is that the last four terms are completely unknown, rendering statistical estimates impossible.There are two parts of the Fermi paradox that rely on empirical evidence—that there are many potential habitable planets, and that we see no evidence of life. The first point, that many suitable planets exist, was an assumption in Fermi's time that is gaining ground with the discovery of many exoplanets, and models predicting billions of habitable worlds in our galaxy..The second part of the paradox, that we see no evidence of extraterrestrial life, is also an active field of scientific research. This includes both efforts to find any indication of life,[36] and efforts specifically directed to finding intelligent life. These searches have been made since 1960, and several are ongoing?Those who think that intelligent extraterrestrial life is (nearly) impossible argue that the conditions needed for the evolution of life—or at least the evolution of biological complexity—are rare or even unique to Earth. Under this assumption, called the rare Earth hypothesis, a rejection of the mediocrity principle, complex multicellular life is regarded as exceedingly unusual.The Rare Earth hypothesis argues that the evolution of biological complexity requires a host of fortuitous circumstances, such as a galactic habitable zone, a central star and planetary system having the requisite character, the circumstellar habitable zone, a right sized terrestrial planet, the advantage of a giant guardian like Jupiter and a large natural satellite, conditions needed to ensure the planet has a magnetosphere and plate tectonics, the chemistry of the lithosphere, atmosphere, and oceans, the role of "evolutionary pumps" such as massive glaciation and rare bolide impacts, and whatever led to the appearance of the eukaryote cell, sexual reproduction and the Cambrian explosion.This is the argument that technological civilizations may usually or invariably destroy themselves before or shortly after developing radio or spaceflight technology. Possible means of annihilation are many,[68] including war, accidental environmental contamination, or poorly designed artificial intelligence. This general theme is explored both in fiction and in scientific hypothesizing. In 1966, Sagan and Shklovskii speculated that technological civilizations will either tend to destroy themselves within a century of developing interstellar communicative capability or master their self-destructive tendencies and survive for billion-year timescales.Self-annihilation may also be viewed in terms of thermodynamics: insofar as life is an ordered system that can sustain itself against the tendency to disorder, the "external transmission" or interstellar communicative phase may be the point at which the system becomes unstable and self-destructs.Another hypothesis is that an intelligent species beyond a certain point of technological capability will destroy other intelligent species as they appear. The idea that something, or someone, might be destroying intelligent life in the universe has been explored in the scientific literature. A species might undertake such extermination out of expansionist motives, paranoia, or aggression. In 1981, cosmologist Edward Harrison argued that such behavior would be an act of prudence: an intelligent species that has overcome its own self-destructive tendencies might view any other species bent on galactic expansion as a threat It has also been suggested that a successful alien species would be a superpredator, as are humans.New life might commonly die out due to runaway heating or cooling on their fledgling planets.On Earth, there have been numerous major extinction events that destroyed the majority of complex species alive at the time; the extinction of the dinosaurs is the best known example. These are thought to have been caused by events such as impact from a large meteorite, massive volcanic eruptions, or astronomical events such as gamma-ray bursts.[76] It may be the case that such extinction events are common throughout the universe and periodically destroy intelligent life, or at least its civilizations, before the species is able to develop the technology to communicate with other species.
The one problem with spotting down here is that the tourists flock down here and make far-back nearside shots really rather difficult - such as in this case. A lack of room to back out means that the photos come out horribly glared, too, so I'm forced to put up with whatever I can get over style and substance. Prepare for some dodgily-framed shots!
I've ran out of interesting descriptors again - seen here coming rather unexpectedly up the High Street, Stagecoach Oxford Tube's 50432, a 2020 Volvo B11RET Plaxton Panorama, heads out for another run on the Tube to London Victoria coach station.
Now, this little Ford Fusion was driving down the road with no problem. It did pass me on the right at one juncture. He has a tinted license plate cover. This is the exact location where I was pulled over by a nice LMPD officer who indicated he could not read my plates. He said there was a glare on it and he could not read it 300 ft. away. (Note - the sun was setting at the time). He said the plate cover had some mud on it.
I asked the nice officer if I could get out of the car so he could show me the problem. He said I could.
As I exited the vehicle he grabbed my arm, twisting it, and slammed me into the car and proceeded to cuff me, while stating, "Is this what you like?". I asked why he chose to do that. He said "Because you moved too slow". No, officer. I expect you to be able to see well, hear well and act professionally, as that is your job which you accept a salary for. Your job is not to rough up, bruise and maim individuals you believe you can for the "sport" of it. You were well aware I was not a threat to you and your partner. "Serve and Protect" - remember?
He then said I was being detained and walked me to the back of my car. He took my purse (fanny pack) with him into the patrol car and sat with it over 30 minutes. He did go through my address book as he commented on it's contents when he returned. I suggested to his partner perhaps this officer might want to invest in a good pair of glasses and hearing aids.
He gave me a ticket for "improper display of registration plates". This occurred on Good Friday.
I then drove to Auto Zone with the plate cover. Auto Zone stated they were legal in Kentucky but they did then replace the plate cover with a clear one at my request.
The man at Auto Zone told me he also had a problem, and then went on to tell me about the unlawful searches on others that have occurred here in Louisville. He said men and boys were being bodily searched, unlawfully, by police officers while on the road. This one was fairly recent: youtu.be/LtQG0JlCORI
I met a nice lady today who told me the same thing happened to her, and many of her Church friends. She says they just pay them and don't attempt to fight them, as they want a peaceful existence. Even though they did nothing wrong and the charge was false.
I am inviting others from law enforcement AND the military to visit Louisville - they are welcome to ride in the back seat of my vehicle, hunkered down, if/when the next violation occurs. Without identifying themselves, of course. Let's see if *they* get roughed up. I'm 5/2 and weigh 115 lbs. I wonder if they would do the same to someone who was a male, 6' weighing 250 lbs.
The above car doesn't seem to be having any problems.
******************
Update: 16 November 2018
Appeared in court - with the help of an outstanding Pubic Defender (Christopher Schramm) all charges were dropped. The attorney also advised me of my right to institute legal proceedings against LMPD if I so chose.
It is indeed unfortunate those with any type of hearing, auditory processing or language barriers are not able to be aware of what, exactly, their rights are.
****************************
Update: April 14, 2023
In light of the recent horrendous mass shooting here in Louisville, KY this week on April 10, 2023, a good deal of retrospect is due. Sometimes seeing both sides of the fight to survive makes a world of difference. My heart breaks for this community, their families, the deceased but most especially for 26 year old LMPD Officer Nickolas Wilt, a rookie police officer who previously served as an EMT, firefighter, and emergency dispatcher and is now clinging to life today. We have shootings here every day but this one....this one hits home.
To the officers involved in my above encounter with them on April 16, 2018 - I do owe you both my sincerest apologies for what transpired. No harm done and I hope we can all rethink our roles in this world. Life is precious. Value it - I am thankful I am not walking in your shoes and proud that you do. Thank you. I do understand now how unimportant and petty the 04/16/18 incident really was and appreciate the learning opportunity from you all. You are indeed heroes.
Who is Louisville rookie Officer Nickolas Wilt? - www.msn.com/en-us/news/crime/who-is-louisville-officer-ni...
Some of my illustrations for "First World Problems", published by Weldon Owen 2013 - www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1616284102
Problems with getting a good colour balance with the old Agfa colour slide prompted me to render it as a black and white image. Here, former Great Western Railway Small Prairie 2-6-2T No.4588 stands at Kingswear station before heading to back to the start of the 7- mile branch line at Paignton. British Rail had ceded operation of the branch to the operators of the Dart Valley Railway with effect from 1 January 1973.
October 1973
Zorki 4 camera
Agfa CT18 film.
Una Luz de Esperanza
Si, lo sé…
Las cosas no son como queremos,
Se también…
Que las cosas no parecen mejorar.
No te pediré que no tengas miedo
No puedo ni podría hacerlo, porque,
Sabes, yo también lo tengo,
Más de lo que quisiera decir.
Por eso…
No te pediré que no lo tengas,
En cambio…
Tomare tu mano, la apretare fuerte,
Quiero que sientas como tiemblo,
Quiero que sepas que a pesar de todo…
No te abandonaré.
Si, lo sé…
Parece que los problemas no terminan,
Se también…
Que no será fácil lo que viene,
Pero también sé que te amo,
Sé, que tu también me amas
Y que juntos… saldremos adelante.
Ven, caminemos un poco,
Lo ves? Hay luna llena, brillan las estrellas,
Sientes el viento? Suelta tu cabello,
Ves aquel lago? Caminemos hacia él,
No hay música, pero, quieres bailar?
Solo piensa en la canción que te gusta,
Escúchala en tu mente y… bailemos,
Te tomaré de la cintura,
Solo déjate llevar, no te soltaré,
Sabes? Nunca lo haré.
Mira hacia el horizonte,
El sol empieza a salir,
Te das cuenta amor?
No importa que tan oscuro este,
No importa lo que pase, siempre…
Siempre llegará la luz.
Siempre…
Habrá una luz de esperanza.
No, no te soltaré…
Nunca lo haré.
Autor: Itzcuauhti (Seudónimo)
Canyonlands National Park is an American national park located in southeastern Utah near the town of Moab. The park preserves a colorful landscape eroded into numerous canyons, mesas, and buttes by the Colorado River, the Green River, and their respective tributaries. Legislation creating the park was signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on September 12, 1964.
The park is divided into four districts: the Island in the Sky, the Needles, the Maze, and the combined rivers—the Green and Colorado—which carved two large canyons into the Colorado Plateau. While these areas share a primitive desert atmosphere, each retains its own character. Author Edward Abbey, a frequent visitor, described the Canyonlands as "the most weird, wonderful, magical place on earth—there is nothing else like it anywhere."
In the early 1950s, Bates Wilson, then superintendent of Arches National Monument, began exploring the area to the south and west of Moab, Utah. After seeing what is now known as the Needles District of Canyonlands National Park, Wilson began advocating for the establishment of a new national park that would include the Needles. Additional explorations by Wilson and others expanded the areas proposed for inclusion into the new national park to include the confluence of Green and Colorado rivers, the Maze District, and Horseshoe Canyon.
In 1961, Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall was scheduled to address a conference at Grand Canyon National Park. On his flight to the conference, he flew over the Confluence (where the Colorado and Green rivers meet). The view apparently sparked Udall's interest in Wilson's proposal for a new national park in that area and Udall began promoting the establishment of Canyonlands National Park.
Utah Senator Frank Moss first introduced legislation into Congress to create Canyonlands National Park. His legislation attempted to satisfy both nature preservationists' and commercial developers' interests. Over the next four years, his proposal was struck down, debated, revised, and reintroduced to Congress many times before being passed and signed into creation.
In September, 1964, after several years of debate, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed Pub.L. 88–590, which established Canyonlands National Park as a new national park. Bates Wilson became the first superintendent of the new park and is often referred to as the "Father of Canyonlands."
The Colorado River and Green River combine within the park, dividing it into three districts called the Island in the Sky, the Needles, and the Maze. The Colorado River flows through Cataract Canyon below its confluence with the Green River.
The Island in the Sky district is a broad and level mesa in the northern section of the park, between the Colorado and Green rivers. The district has many viewpoints overlooking the White Rim, a sandstone bench 1,200 feet (370 m) below the Island, and the rivers, which are another 1,000 feet (300 m) below the White Rim.
The Needles district is located south of the Island in the Sky, on the east side of the Colorado River. The district is named for the red and white banded rock pinnacles which are a major feature of the area. Various other naturally sculpted rock formations are also within this district, including grabens, potholes, and arches. Unlike Arches National Park, where many arches are accessible by short to moderate hikes, most of the arches in the Needles district lie in backcountry canyons, requiring long hikes or four-wheel drive trips to reach them.
The Ancestral Puebloans inhabited this area and some of their stone and mud dwellings are well-preserved, although the items and tools they used were mostly removed by looters. The Ancestral Puebloans also created rock art in the form of petroglyphs, most notably on Newspaper Rock along the Needles access road.
The Maze district is located west of the Colorado and Green rivers. The Maze is the least accessible section of the park, and one of the most remote and inaccessible areas of the United States.
A geographically detached section of the park located north of the Maze district, Horseshoe Canyon contains panels of rock art made by hunter-gatherers from the Late Archaic Period (2000-1000 BC) pre-dating the Ancestral Puebloans. Originally called Barrier Canyon, Horseshoe's artifacts, dwellings, pictographs, and murals are some of the oldest in America. The images depicting horses date from after 1540 AD, when the Spanish reintroduced horses to America.
Since the 1950s, scientists have been studying an area of 200 acres (81 ha) completely surrounded by cliffs. The cliffs have prevented cattle from ever grazing on the area's 62 acres (25 ha) of grassland. According to the scientists, the site may contain the largest undisturbed grassland in the Four Corners region. Studies have continued biannually since the mid-1990s. The area has been closed to the public since 1993 to maintain the nearly pristine environment.
Mammals that roam this park include black bears, coyotes, skunks, bats, elk, foxes, bobcats, badgers, ring-tailed cats, pronghorns, desert bighorn sheep, and cougars. Desert cottontails, kangaroo rats and mule deer are commonly seen by visitors.
At least 273 species of birds inhabit the park. A variety of hawks and eagles are found, including the Cooper's hawk, the northern goshawk, the sharp-shinned hawk, the red-tailed hawk, the golden and bald eagles, the rough-legged hawk, the Swainson's hawk, and the northern harrier. Several species of owls are found, including the great horned owl, the northern saw-whet owl, the western screech owl, and the Mexican spotted owl. Grebes, woodpeckers, ravens, herons, flycatchers, crows, bluebirds, wrens, warblers, blackbirds, orioles, goldfinches, swallows, sparrows, ducks, quail, grouse, pheasants, hummingbirds, falcons, gulls, and ospreys are some of the other birds that can be found.
Several reptiles can be found, including eleven species of lizards and eight species of snake (including the midget faded rattlesnake). The common kingsnake and prairie rattlesnake have been reported in the park, but not confirmed by the National Park Service.
The park is home to six confirmed amphibian species, including the red-spotted toad, Woodhouse's toad, American bullfrog, northern leopard frog, Great Basin spadefoot toad, and tiger salamander. The canyon tree frog was reported to be in the park in 2000, but was not confirmed during a study in 2004.
Canyonlands National Park contains a wide variety of plant life, including 11 cactus species,[34] 20 moss species, liverworts, grasses and wildflowers. Varieties of trees include netleaf hackberry, Russian olive, Utah juniper, pinyon pine, tamarisk, and Fremont's cottonwood. Shrubs include Mormon tea, blackbrush, four-wing saltbush, cliffrose, littleleaf mountain mahogany, and snakeweed
Cryptobiotic soil is the foundation of life in Canyonlands, providing nitrogen fixation and moisture for plant seeds. One footprint can destroy decades of growth.
According to the Köppen climate classification system, Canyonlands National Park has a cold semi-arid climate ("BSk"). The plant hardiness zones at the Island in the Sky and Needles District Visitor Centers are 7a with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of 4.0 °F (-15.6 °C) and 2.9 °F (-16.2 °C), respectively.
The National Weather Service has maintained two cooperative weather stations in the park since June 1965. Official data documents the desert climate with less than 10 inches (250 millimetres) of annual rainfall, as well as hot, mostly dry summers and cold, occasionally wet winters. Snowfall is generally light during the winter.
The station in The Neck region reports an average January temperature of 29.6 °F and an average July temperature of 79.3 °F. Average July temperatures range from a high of 90.8 °F (32.7 °C) to a low of 67.9 °F (19.9 °C). There are an average of 45.7 days with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and an average of 117.3 days with lows of 32 °F (0 °C) or lower. The highest recorded temperature was 105 °F (41 °C) on July 15, 2005, and the lowest recorded temperature was −13 °F (−25 °C) on February 6, 1989. Average annual precipitation is 9.33 inches (237 mm). There are an average of 59 days with measurable precipitation. The wettest year was 1984, with 13.66 in (347 mm), and the driest year was 1989, with 4.63 in (118 mm). The most precipitation in one month was 5.19 in (132 mm) in October 2006. The most precipitation in 24 hours was 1.76 in (45 mm) on April 9, 1978. Average annual snowfall is 22.8 in (58 cm). The most snowfall in one year was 47.4 in (120 cm) in 1975, and the most snowfall in one month was 27.0 in (69 cm) in January 1978.
The station in The Needles region reports an average January temperature of 29.7 °F and an average July temperature of 79.1 °F.[44] Average July temperatures range from a high of 95.4 °F (35.2 °C) to a low of 62.4 °F (16.9 °C). There are an average of 75.4 days with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and an average of 143.6 days with lows of 32 °F (0 °C) or lower. The highest recorded temperature was 107 °F (42 °C) on July 13, 1971, and the lowest recorded temperature was −16 °F (−27 °C) on January 16, 1971. Average annual precipitation is 8.49 in (216 mm). There are an average of 56 days with measurable precipitation. The wettest year was 1969, with 11.19 in (284 mm), and the driest year was 1989, with 4.25 in (108 mm). The most precipitation in one month was 4.43 in (113 mm) in October 1972. The most precipitation in 24 hours was 1.56 in (40 mm) on September 17, 1999. Average annual snowfall is 14.4 in (37 cm). The most snowfall in one year was 39.3 in (100 cm) in 1975, and the most snowfall in one month was 24.0 in (61 cm) in March 1985.
National parks in the Western US are more affected by climate change than the country as a whole, and the National Park Service has begun research into how exactly this will effect the ecosystem of Canyonlands National Park and the surrounding areas and ways to protect the park for the future. The mean annual temperature of Canyonlands National Park increased by 2.6 °F (1.4 °C) from 1916 to 2018. It is predicted that if current warming trends continue, the average highs in the park during the summer will be over 100 °F (40 °C) by 2100. In addition to warming, the region has begun to see more severe and frequent droughts which causes native grass cover to decrease and a lower flow of the Colorado River. The flows of the Upper Colorado Basin have decreased by 300,000 acre⋅ft (370,000,000 m3) per year, which has led to a decreased amount of sediment carried by the river and rockier rapids which are more frequently impassable to rafters. The area has also begun to see an earlier spring, which will lead to changes in the timing of leaves and flowers blooming and migrational patterns of wildlife that could lead to food shortages for the wildlife, as well as a longer fire season.
The National Park Service is currently closely monitoring the impacts of climate change in Canyonlands National Park in order to create management strategies that will best help conserve the park's landscapes and ecosystems for the long term. Although the National Park Service's original goal was to preserve landscapes as they were before European colonization, they have now switched to a more adaptive management strategy with the ultimate goal of conserving the biodiversity of the park. The NPS is collaborating with other organizations including the US Geological Survey, local indigenous tribes, and nearby universities in order to create a management plan for the national park. Right now, there is a focus on research into which native plants will be most resistant to climate change so that the park can decide on what to prioritize in conservation efforts. The Canyonlands Natural History Association has been giving money to the US Geological Survey to fund this and other climate related research. They gave $30,000 in 2019 and $61,000 in 2020.
A subsiding basin and nearby uplifting mountain range (the Uncompahgre) existed in the area in Pennsylvanian time. Seawater trapped in the subsiding basin created thick evaporite deposits by Mid Pennsylvanian. This, along with eroded material from the nearby mountain range, became the Paradox Formation, itself a part of the Hermosa Group. Paradox salt beds started to flow later in the Pennsylvanian and probably continued to move until the end of the Jurassic. Some scientists believe Upheaval Dome was created from Paradox salt bed movement, creating a salt dome, but more modern studies show that the meteorite theory is more likely to be correct.
A warm shallow sea again flooded the region near the end of the Pennsylvanian. Fossil-rich limestones, sandstones, and shales of the gray-colored Honaker Trail Formation resulted. A period of erosion then ensued, creating a break in the geologic record called an unconformity. Early in the Permian an advancing sea laid down the Halgaito Shale. Coastal lowlands later returned to the area, forming the Elephant Canyon Formation.
Large alluvial fans filled the basin where it met the Uncompahgre Mountains, creating the Cutler red beds of iron-rich arkose sandstone. Underwater sand bars and sand dunes on the coast inter-fingered with the red beds and later became the white-colored cliff-forming Cedar Mesa Sandstone. Brightly colored oxidized muds were then deposited, forming the Organ Rock Shale. Coastal sand dunes and marine sand bars once again became dominant, creating the White Rim Sandstone.
A second unconformity was created after the Permian sea retreated. Flood plains on an expansive lowland covered the eroded surface and mud built up in tidal flats, creating the Moenkopi Formation. Erosion returned, forming a third unconformity. The Chinle Formation was then laid down on top of this eroded surface.
Increasingly dry climates dominated the Triassic. Therefore, sand in the form of sand dunes invaded and became the Wingate Sandstone. For a time climatic conditions became wetter and streams cut channels through the sand dunes, forming the Kayenta Formation. Arid conditions returned to the region with a vengeance; a large desert spread over much of western North America and later became the Navajo Sandstone. A fourth unconformity was created by a period of erosion.
Mud flats returned, forming the Carmel Formation, and the Entrada Sandstone was laid down next. A long period of erosion stripped away most of the San Rafael Group in the area, along with any formations that may have been laid down in the Cretaceous period.
The Laramide orogeny started to uplift the Rocky Mountains 70 million years ago and with it, the Canyonlands region. Erosion intensified and when the Colorado River Canyon reached the salt beds of the Paradox Formation the overlying strata extended toward the river canyon, forming features such as The Grabens. Increased precipitation during the ice ages of the Pleistocene quickened the rate of canyon excavation along with other erosion. Similar types of erosion are ongoing, but occur at a slower rate.
Utah is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It borders Colorado to its east, Wyoming to its northeast, Idaho to its north, Arizona to its south, and Nevada to its west. Utah also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast. Of the fifty U.S. states, Utah is the 13th-largest by area; with a population over three million, it is the 30th-most-populous and 11th-least-densely populated. Urban development is mostly concentrated in two areas: the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state, which is home to roughly two-thirds of the population and includes the capital city, Salt Lake City; and Washington County in the southwest, with more than 180,000 residents. Most of the western half of Utah lies in the Great Basin.
Utah has been inhabited for thousands of years by various indigenous groups such as the ancient Puebloans, Navajo, and Ute. The Spanish were the first Europeans to arrive in the mid-16th century, though the region's difficult geography and harsh climate made it a peripheral part of New Spain and later Mexico. Even while it was Mexican territory, many of Utah's earliest settlers were American, particularly Mormons fleeing marginalization and persecution from the United States via the Mormon Trail. Following the Mexican–American War in 1848, the region was annexed by the U.S., becoming part of the Utah Territory, which included what is now Colorado and Nevada. Disputes between the dominant Mormon community and the federal government delayed Utah's admission as a state; only after the outlawing of polygamy was it admitted in 1896 as the 45th.
People from Utah are known as Utahns. Slightly over half of all Utahns are Mormons, the vast majority of whom are members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), which has its world headquarters in Salt Lake City; Utah is the only state where a majority of the population belongs to a single church. A 2023 paper challenged this perception (claiming only 42% of Utahns are Mormons) however most statistics still show a majority of Utah residents belong to the LDS church; estimates from the LDS church suggests 60.68% of Utah's population belongs to the church whilst some sources put the number as high as 68%. The paper replied that membership count done by the LDS Church is too high for several reasons. The LDS Church greatly influences Utahn culture, politics, and daily life, though since the 1990s the state has become more religiously diverse as well as secular.
Utah has a highly diversified economy, with major sectors including transportation, education, information technology and research, government services, mining, multi-level marketing, and tourism. Utah has been one of the fastest growing states since 2000, with the 2020 U.S. census confirming the fastest population growth in the nation since 2010. St. George was the fastest-growing metropolitan area in the United States from 2000 to 2005. Utah ranks among the overall best states in metrics such as healthcare, governance, education, and infrastructure. It has the 12th-highest median average income and the least income inequality of any U.S. state. Over time and influenced by climate change, droughts in Utah have been increasing in frequency and severity, putting a further strain on Utah's water security and impacting the state's economy.
The History of Utah is an examination of the human history and social activity within the state of Utah located in the western United States.
Archaeological evidence dates the earliest habitation of humans in Utah to about 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. Paleolithic people lived near the Great Basin's swamps and marshes, which had an abundance of fish, birds, and small game animals. Big game, including bison, mammoths and ground sloths, also were attracted to these water sources. Over the centuries, the mega-fauna died, this population was replaced by the Desert Archaic people, who sheltered in caves near the Great Salt Lake. Relying more on gathering than the previous Utah residents, their diet was mainly composed of cattails and other salt tolerant plants such as pickleweed, burro weed and sedge. Red meat appears to have been more of a luxury, although these people used nets and the atlatl to hunt water fowl, ducks, small animals and antelope. Artifacts include nets woven with plant fibers and rabbit skin, woven sandals, gaming sticks, and animal figures made from split-twigs. About 3,500 years ago, lake levels rose and the population of Desert Archaic people appears to have dramatically decreased. The Great Basin may have been almost unoccupied for 1,000 years.
The Fremont culture, named from sites near the Fremont River in Utah, lived in what is now north and western Utah and parts of Nevada, Idaho and Colorado from approximately 600 to 1300 AD. These people lived in areas close to water sources that had been previously occupied by the Desert Archaic people, and may have had some relationship with them. However, their use of new technologies define them as a distinct people. Fremont technologies include:
use of the bow and arrow while hunting,
building pithouse shelters,
growing maize and probably beans and squash,
building above ground granaries of adobe or stone,
creating and decorating low-fired pottery ware,
producing art, including jewelry and rock art such as petroglyphs and pictographs.
The ancient Puebloan culture, also known as the Anasazi, occupied territory adjacent to the Fremont. The ancestral Puebloan culture centered on the present-day Four Corners area of the Southwest United States, including the San Juan River region of Utah. Archaeologists debate when this distinct culture emerged, but cultural development seems to date from about the common era, about 500 years before the Fremont appeared. It is generally accepted that the cultural peak of these people was around the 1200 CE. Ancient Puebloan culture is known for well constructed pithouses and more elaborate adobe and masonry dwellings. They were excellent craftsmen, producing turquoise jewelry and fine pottery. The Puebloan culture was based on agriculture, and the people created and cultivated fields of maize, beans, and squash and domesticated turkeys. They designed and produced elaborate field terracing and irrigation systems. They also built structures, some known as kivas, apparently designed solely for cultural and religious rituals.
These two later cultures were roughly contemporaneous, and appear to have established trading relationships. They also shared enough cultural traits that archaeologists believe the cultures may have common roots in the early American Southwest. However, each remained culturally distinct throughout most of their existence. These two well established cultures appear to have been severely impacted by climatic change and perhaps by the incursion of new people in about 1200 CE. Over the next two centuries, the Fremont and ancient Pueblo people may have moved into the American southwest, finding new homes and farmlands in the river drainages of Arizona, New Mexico and northern Mexico.
In about 1200, Shoshonean speaking peoples entered Utah territory from the west. They may have originated in southern California and moved into the desert environment due to population pressure along the coast. They were an upland people with a hunting and gathering lifestyle utilizing roots and seeds, including the pinyon nut. They were also skillful fishermen, created pottery and raised some crops. When they first arrived in Utah, they lived as small family groups with little tribal organization. Four main Shoshonean peoples inhabited Utah country. The Shoshone in the north and northeast, the Gosiutes in the northwest, the Utes in the central and eastern parts of the region and the Southern Paiutes in the southwest. Initially, there seems to have been very little conflict between these groups.
In the early 16th century, the San Juan River basin in Utah's southeast also saw a new people, the Díne or Navajo, part of a greater group of plains Athabaskan speakers moved into the Southwest from the Great Plains. In addition to the Navajo, this language group contained people that were later known as Apaches, including the Lipan, Jicarilla, and Mescalero Apaches.
Athabaskans were a hunting people who initially followed the bison, and were identified in 16th-century Spanish accounts as "dog nomads". The Athabaskans expanded their range throughout the 17th century, occupying areas the Pueblo peoples had abandoned during prior centuries. The Spanish first specifically mention the "Apachu de Nabajo" (Navaho) in the 1620s, referring to the people in the Chama valley region east of the San Juan River, and north west of Santa Fe. By the 1640s, the term Navaho was applied to these same people. Although the Navajo newcomers established a generally peaceful trading and cultural exchange with the some modern Pueblo peoples to the south, they experienced intermittent warfare with the Shoshonean peoples, particularly the Utes in eastern Utah and western Colorado.
At the time of European expansion, beginning with Spanish explorers traveling from Mexico, five distinct native peoples occupied territory within the Utah area: the Northern Shoshone, the Goshute, the Ute, the Paiute and the Navajo.
The Spanish explorer Francisco Vázquez de Coronado may have crossed into what is now southern Utah in 1540, when he was seeking the legendary Cíbola.
A group led by two Spanish Catholic priests—sometimes called the Domínguez–Escalante expedition—left Santa Fe in 1776, hoping to find a route to the California coast. The expedition traveled as far north as Utah Lake and encountered the native residents. All of what is now Utah was claimed by the Spanish Empire from the 1500s to 1821 as part of New Spain (later as the province Alta California); and subsequently claimed by Mexico from 1821 to 1848. However, Spain and Mexico had little permanent presence in, or control of, the region.
Fur trappers (also known as mountain men) including Jim Bridger, explored some regions of Utah in the early 19th century. The city of Provo was named for one such man, Étienne Provost, who visited the area in 1825. The city of Ogden, Utah is named for a brigade leader of the Hudson's Bay Company, Peter Skene Ogden who trapped in the Weber Valley. In 1846, a year before the arrival of members from the Church of Jesus Christ of latter-day Saints, the ill-fated Donner Party crossed through the Salt Lake valley late in the season, deciding not to stay the winter there but to continue forward to California, and beyond.
Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, commonly known as Mormon pioneers, first came to the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847. At the time, the U.S. had already captured the Mexican territories of Alta California and New Mexico in the Mexican–American War and planned to keep them, but those territories, including the future state of Utah, officially became United States territory upon the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 2, 1848. The treaty was ratified by the United States Senate on March 10, 1848.
Upon arrival in the Salt Lake Valley, the Mormon pioneers found no permanent settlement of Indians. Other areas along the Wasatch Range were occupied at the time of settlement by the Northwestern Shoshone and adjacent areas by other bands of Shoshone such as the Gosiute. The Northwestern Shoshone lived in the valleys on the eastern shore of Great Salt Lake and in adjacent mountain valleys. Some years after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley Mormons, who went on to colonize many other areas of what is now Utah, were petitioned by Indians for recompense for land taken. The response of Heber C. Kimball, first counselor to Brigham Young, was that the land belonged to "our Father in Heaven and we expect to plow and plant it." A 1945 Supreme Court decision found that the land had been treated by the United States as public domain; no aboriginal title by the Northwestern Shoshone had been recognized by the United States or extinguished by treaty with the United States.
Upon arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, the Mormons had to make a place to live. They created irrigation systems, laid out farms, built houses, churches, and schools. Access to water was crucially important. Almost immediately, Brigham Young set out to identify and claim additional community sites. While it was difficult to find large areas in the Great Basin where water sources were dependable and growing seasons long enough to raise vitally important subsistence crops, satellite communities began to be formed.
Shortly after the first company arrived in the Salt Lake Valley in 1847, the community of Bountiful was settled to the north. In 1848, settlers moved into lands purchased from trapper Miles Goodyear in present-day Ogden. In 1849, Tooele and Provo were founded. Also that year, at the invitation of Ute chief Wakara, settlers moved into the Sanpete Valley in central Utah to establish the community of Manti. Fillmore, Utah, intended to be the capital of the new territory, was established in 1851. In 1855, missionary efforts aimed at western native cultures led to outposts in Fort Lemhi, Idaho, Las Vegas, Nevada and Elk Mountain in east-central Utah.
The experiences of returning members of the Mormon Battalion were also important in establishing new communities. On their journey west, the Mormon soldiers had identified dependable rivers and fertile river valleys in Colorado, Arizona and southern California. In addition, as the men traveled to rejoin their families in the Salt Lake Valley, they moved through southern Nevada and the eastern segments of southern Utah. Jefferson Hunt, a senior Mormon officer of the Battalion, actively searched for settlement sites, minerals, and other resources. His report encouraged 1851 settlement efforts in Iron County, near present-day Cedar City. These southern explorations eventually led to Mormon settlements in St. George, Utah, Las Vegas and San Bernardino, California, as well as communities in southern Arizona.
Prior to establishment of the Oregon and California trails and Mormon settlement, Indians native to the Salt Lake Valley and adjacent areas lived by hunting buffalo and other game, but also gathered grass seed from the bountiful grass of the area as well as roots such as those of the Indian Camas. By the time of settlement, indeed before 1840, the buffalo were gone from the valley, but hunting by settlers and grazing of cattle severely impacted the Indians in the area, and as settlement expanded into nearby river valleys and oases, indigenous tribes experienced increasing difficulty in gathering sufficient food. Brigham Young's counsel was to feed the hungry tribes, and that was done, but it was often not enough. These tensions formed the background to the Bear River massacre committed by California Militia stationed in Salt Lake City during the Civil War. The site of the massacre is just inside Preston, Idaho, but was generally thought to be within Utah at the time.
Statehood was petitioned for in 1849-50 using the name Deseret. The proposed State of Deseret would have been quite large, encompassing all of what is now Utah, and portions of Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, Wyoming, Arizona, Oregon, New Mexico and California. The name of Deseret was favored by the LDS leader Brigham Young as a symbol of industry and was derived from a reference in the Book of Mormon. The petition was rejected by Congress and Utah did not become a state until 1896, following the Utah Constitutional Convention of 1895.
In 1850, the Utah Territory was created with the Compromise of 1850, and Fillmore (named after President Fillmore) was designated the capital. In 1856, Salt Lake City replaced Fillmore as the territorial capital.
The first group of pioneers brought African slaves with them, making Utah the only place in the western United States to have African slavery. Three slaves, Green Flake, Hark Lay, and Oscar Crosby, came west with this first group in 1847. The settlers also began to purchase Indian slaves in the well-established Indian slave trade, as well as enslaving Indian prisoners of war. In 1850, 26 slaves were counted in Salt Lake County. Slavery didn't become officially recognized until 1852, when the Act in Relation to Service and the Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners were passed. Slavery was repealed on June 19, 1862, when Congress prohibited slavery in all US territories.
Disputes between the Mormon inhabitants and the federal government intensified after the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints' practice of polygamy became known. The polygamous practices of the Mormons, which were made public in 1854, would be one of the major reasons Utah was denied statehood until almost 50 years after the Mormons had entered the area.
After news of their polygamous practices spread, the members of the LDS Church were quickly viewed by some as un-American and rebellious. In 1857, after news of a possible rebellion spread, President James Buchanan sent troops on the Utah expedition to quell the growing unrest and to replace Brigham Young as territorial governor with Alfred Cumming. The expedition was also known as the Utah War.
As fear of invasion grew, Mormon settlers had convinced some Paiute Indians to aid in a Mormon-led attack on 120 immigrants from Arkansas under the guise of Indian aggression. The murder of these settlers became known as the Mountain Meadows massacre. The Mormon leadership had adopted a defensive posture that led to a ban on the selling of grain to outsiders in preparation for an impending war. This chafed pioneers traveling through the region, who were unable to purchase badly needed supplies. A disagreement between some of the Arkansas pioneers and the Mormons in Cedar City led to the secret planning of the massacre by a few Mormon leaders in the area. Some scholars debate the involvement of Brigham Young. Only one man, John D. Lee, was ever convicted of the murders, and he was executed at the massacre site.
Express riders had brought the news 1,000 miles from the Missouri River settlements to Salt Lake City within about two weeks of the army's beginning to march west. Fearing the worst as 2,500 troops (roughly 1/3rd of the army then) led by General Albert Sidney Johnston started west, Brigham Young ordered all residents of Salt Lake City and neighboring communities to prepare their homes for burning and evacuate southward to Utah Valley and southern Utah. Young also sent out a few units of the Nauvoo Legion (numbering roughly 8,000–10,000), to delay the army's advance. The majority he sent into the mountains to prepare defenses or south to prepare for a scorched earth retreat. Although some army wagon supply trains were captured and burned and herds of army horses and cattle run off no serious fighting occurred. Starting late and short on supplies, the United States Army camped during the bitter winter of 1857–58 near a burned out Fort Bridger in Wyoming. Through the negotiations between emissary Thomas L. Kane, Young, Cumming and Johnston, control of Utah territory was peacefully transferred to Cumming, who entered an eerily vacant Salt Lake City in the spring of 1858. By agreement with Young, Johnston established the army at Fort Floyd 40 miles away from Salt Lake City, to the southwest.
Salt Lake City was the last link of the First Transcontinental Telegraph, between Carson City, Nevada and Omaha, Nebraska completed in October 1861. Brigham Young, who had helped expedite construction, was among the first to send a message, along with Abraham Lincoln and other officials. Soon after the telegraph line was completed, the Deseret Telegraph Company built the Deseret line connecting the settlements in the territory with Salt Lake City and, by extension, the rest of the United States.
Because of the American Civil War, federal troops were pulled out of Utah Territory (and their fort auctioned off), leaving the territorial government in federal hands without army backing until General Patrick E. Connor arrived with the 3rd Regiment of California Volunteers in 1862. While in Utah, Connor and his troops soon became discontent with this assignment wanting to head to Virginia where the "real" fighting and glory was occurring. Connor established Fort Douglas just three miles (5 km) east of Salt Lake City and encouraged his bored and often idle soldiers to go out and explore for mineral deposits to bring more non-Mormons into the state. Minerals were discovered in Tooele County, and some miners began to come to the territory. Conner also solved the Shoshone Indian problem in Cache Valley Utah by luring the Shoshone into a midwinter confrontation on January 29, 1863. The armed conflict quickly turned into a rout, discipline among the soldiers broke down, and the Battle of Bear River is today usually referred to by historians as the Bear River Massacre. Between 200 and 400 Shoshone men, women and children were killed, as were 27 soldiers, with over 50 more soldiers wounded or suffering from frostbite.
Beginning in 1865, Utah's Black Hawk War developed into the deadliest conflict in the territory's history. Chief Antonga Black Hawk died in 1870, but fights continued to break out until additional federal troops were sent in to suppress the Ghost Dance of 1872. The war is unique among Indian Wars because it was a three-way conflict, with mounted Timpanogos Utes led by Antonga Black Hawk fighting federal and Utah local militia.
On May 10, 1869, the First transcontinental railroad was completed at Promontory Summit, north of the Great Salt Lake. The railroad brought increasing numbers of people into the state, and several influential businessmen made fortunes in the territory.
Main article: Latter Day Saint polygamy in the late-19th century
During the 1870s and 1880s, federal laws were passed and federal marshals assigned to enforce the laws against polygamy. In the 1890 Manifesto, the LDS Church leadership dropped its approval of polygamy citing divine revelation. When Utah applied for statehood again in 1895, it was accepted. Statehood was officially granted on January 4, 1896.
The Mormon issue made the situation for women the topic of nationwide controversy. In 1870 the Utah Territory, controlled by Mormons, gave women the right to vote. However, in 1887, Congress disenfranchised Utah women with the Edmunds–Tucker Act. In 1867–96, eastern activists promoted women's suffrage in Utah as an experiment, and as a way to eliminate polygamy. They were Presbyterians and other Protestants convinced that Mormonism was a non-Christian cult that grossly mistreated women. The Mormons promoted woman suffrage to counter the negative image of downtrodden Mormon women. With the 1890 Manifesto clearing the way for statehood, in 1895 Utah adopted a constitution restoring the right of women's suffrage. Congress admitted Utah as a state with that constitution in 1896.
Though less numerous than other intermountain states at the time, several lynching murders for alleged misdeeds occurred in Utah territory at the hand of vigilantes. Those documented include the following, with their ethnicity or national origin noted in parentheses if it was provided in the source:
William Torrington in Carson City (then a part of Utah territory), 1859
Thomas Coleman (Black man) in Salt Lake City, 1866
3 unidentified men at Wahsatch, winter of 1868
A Black man in Uintah, 1869
Charles A. Benson in Logan, 1873
Ah Sing (Chinese man) in Corinne, 1874
Thomas Forrest in St. George, 1880
William Harvey (Black man) in Salt Lake City, 1883
John Murphy in Park City, 1883
George Segal (Japanese man) in Ogden, 1884
Joseph Fisher in Eureka, 1886
Robert Marshall (Black man) in Castle Gate, 1925
Other lynchings in Utah territory include multiple instances of mass murder of Native American children, women, and men by White settlers including the Battle Creek massacre (1849), Provo River Massacre (1850), Nephi massacre (1853), and Circleville Massacre (1866).
Beginning in the early 20th century, with the establishment of such national parks as Bryce Canyon National Park and Zion National Park, Utah began to become known for its natural beauty. Southern Utah became a popular filming spot for arid, rugged scenes, and such natural landmarks as Delicate Arch and "the Mittens" of Monument Valley are instantly recognizable to most national residents. During the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, with the construction of the Interstate highway system, accessibility to the southern scenic areas was made easier.
Beginning in 1939, with the establishment of Alta Ski Area, Utah has become world-renowned for its skiing. The dry, powdery snow of the Wasatch Range is considered some of the best skiing in the world. Salt Lake City won the bid for the 2002 Winter Olympics in 1995, and this has served as a great boost to the economy. The ski resorts have increased in popularity, and many of the Olympic venues scattered across the Wasatch Front continue to be used for sporting events. This also spurred the development of the light-rail system in the Salt Lake Valley, known as TRAX, and the re-construction of the freeway system around the city.
During the late 20th century, the state grew quickly. In the 1970s, growth was phenomenal in the suburbs. Sandy was one of the fastest-growing cities in the country at that time, and West Valley City is the state's 2nd most populous city. Today, many areas of Utah are seeing phenomenal growth. Northern Davis, southern and western Salt Lake, Summit, eastern Tooele, Utah, Wasatch, and Washington counties are all growing very quickly. Transportation and urbanization are major issues in politics as development consumes agricultural land and wilderness areas.
In 2012, the State of Utah passed the Utah Transfer of Public Lands Act in an attempt to gain control over a substantial portion of federal land in the state from the federal government, based on language in the Utah Enabling Act of 1894. The State does not intend to use force or assert control by limiting access in an attempt to control the disputed lands, but does intend to use a multi-step process of education, negotiation, legislation, and if necessary, litigation as part of its multi-year effort to gain state or private control over the lands after 2014.
Utah families, like most Americans everywhere, did their utmost to assist in the war effort. Tires, meat, butter, sugar, fats, oils, coffee, shoes, boots, gasoline, canned fruits, vegetables, and soups were rationed on a national basis. The school day was shortened and bus routes were reduced to limit the number of resources used stateside and increase what could be sent to soldiers.
Geneva Steel was built to increase the steel production for America during World War II. President Franklin D. Roosevelt had proposed opening a steel mill in Utah in 1936, but the idea was shelved after a couple of months. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered the war and the steel plant was put into progress. In April 1944, Geneva shipped its first order, which consisted of over 600 tons of steel plate. Geneva Steel also brought thousands of job opportunities to Utah. The positions were hard to fill as many of Utah's men were overseas fighting. Women began working, filling 25 percent of the jobs.
As a result of Utah's and Geneva Steels contribution during the war, several Liberty Ships were named in honor of Utah including the USS Joseph Smith, USS Brigham Young, USS Provo, and the USS Peter Skene Ogden.
One of the sectors of the beachhead of Normandy Landings was codenamed Utah Beach, and the amphibious landings at the beach were undertaken by United States Army troops.
It is estimated that 1,450 soldiers from Utah were killed in the war.
(4/25/11) yes good ol root beer can solve any problem! ha
actualy my problem seemed to solve itself.. and i didnt have to do anything except sit there and watch my problem dissapear.
boring dayyy. looks like i'm just babysitting all day. not looking forward to school and work tomorrow:/
DISCLAIMER
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based historical facts. BEWARE!
The Chinese J-7FS was a direct descendant of the J-7E. The Chengdu J-7 itself has a long heritage of development, even though it is originally a Soviet design, a license-built MiG-21F, which has its roots in the mid 50ies.
It took China long way to develop and produce a true supersonic fighter aircraft: in March, 1964, Shenyang Aircraft Factory began the first domestic production of the J-7 jet fighter. However, the mass production of the aircraft, which had been developed through Soviet help, license production and reverse-engineering, was severely hindered by an unexpected problem—the Cultural Revolution. This incident and its consequences resulted in poor initial quality and slow progress.
This, in turn, resulted in full scale production only coming about in the 1980s, by which time the J-7 design was showing its age. However, through the years the J-7 saw constant development and refinement in China, and the J-7FS was one of the many directions the simple, basic design went in order to imporve performance and to keep it up to date.
The J-7FS was designed in the late 90ies as a dedicated interceptor, and as a lighter option than the twin-engined J-8 fighter of indigenous design. Main task was to incorporate a true air-to-air radar with surveillance capabilities, since the J-7 only featured a rader-based range finder in the central shock cone of the air intake.
Fitting a more capable radar required a larger radome, which meant either a bigger central shock cone (as in the 2nd generation MiG-21 fighters) or a totally new nose and air intake arrangement. The accordingly modified J-7FS saw first daylight as a technology demonstration aircraft built by CAC. Its most prominent feature was a redesigned under-chin inlet, reminiscent of the F-8 or A-7 nose, which provided air for a WP-13IIS engine. Above the air intake, a fixed conical radome offered space for a bigger radar dish. “139 Red”, how the first aircraft was coded, first flew in June 1998, starting a 22-month test program. Two prototypes were built, but only the first aircraft was to fly – the second machine was only used for static tests.
"139 Red" soon saw major progress in design and equipment: it received a new double-delta wing which nearly doubled internal fuel capacity and improved performance, a modified fin, a more potent WP-13F turbojet engine, and a new 600 mm slot antenna planar array radar using coherent technology to achieve scan, look-down and shoot-down capabilities.
The revamped aircraft also received a sand/green camouflage paint scheme, less flashy than the original white/red livery. The new wing, which was also introduced on the J-7E, made the aircraft 45% more maneuverable than the MiG-21F-like J/F-7M, while the take-off and landing distance is reduced to 600 meters, in comparison to the 1.000 meter take-off distance and 900 meter landing distance of earlier versions of the J-7.
The production J-7FS which was ready for service in summer 2000 featured even more changes and novelties: the J-7FS incorporated HOTAS, which has since become standard on other late J-7 versions, too. This version is also the first of J-7 series to be later upgraded with helmet mounted sights (HMS). However, it is reported that the helmet mounted sight is not compatible with radars, and air-to-air missiles must be independently controlled by either HMS or radar, but not both.
The serial production radome now had an ogival shape with an even larger base diameter, and for additional avionics such as weapon management, global positioning and flight data recording systems, the production J-7FS featured a bulged spine, reminiscent of the 3rd generation MiG-21 (or the respective Chengdu J-7C, a reverse-engineered MiG-21MF). The aircraft was even able to carry medium range AAMs, e .g. the Chinese PL-11 missile, a license-built Selenia Aspide AAM from Italia, itself a modernized descendant of the venerable AIM-7 Sparrow. Another feature which set the FS version apart was the ventral, twin-barreled Type 23-III gun instead of the single-barelled 30mm cannon at the flank.
The role of the J-7FS in the People's Liberation Army was to provide local air defense and tactical air superiority, even though it certainly was only a stop-gap until the introduction of the much more potent Chengdu J-10, which started to enter PLAAF service in 2005 after a long development time. With its more powerful radar the J-7FS was supposed to act as a kind of mini AWACS platform, guiding groups of less potent J-7Es to potential targets. It is known that the J-7FS’s new radar had a range greater than 50 km and could track up to eight targets simultaneously. The aircraft's overall performance is expected to be similar to early F-16 variants.
The number of built specimen is uncertain, but it is supposed to be less than 100, probably even less than 50. It is rumored that the type had also been offered to Bangladesh and Sri Lanka around 2001, but was not bought.
General characteristics:
Crew: 1
Length: 14.885 m (Overall) (48 ft 10 in)
Wingspan: 8.32 m (27 ft 3½ in)
Height: 4.11 m (13 ft 5½ in)
Wing area: 24.88 m² (267.8 ft²)
Aspect ratio: 2.8:1
Empty weight: 5,292 kg (11.667 lb)
Loaded weight: 7,540 kg (16.620 lb)
Max. take-off weight: 9.100 kg (20.062 lb)
Powerplant:
1 × Guizhou Liyang WP-13F(C) afterburning turbojet with 44.1 kN (9.914 lb) dry thrust and 66.7 kN (14.650 lb) with afterburner:
Performance
Maximum speed: Mach 2.0, 2,200 km/h (1.189 knots, 1.375 mph)
Stall speed: 210 km/h (114 knots, 131 mph) IAS
Combat radius: 850 km (459 nmi, 528 mi) (air superiority, two AAMs and three drop tanks)
Ferry range: 2,200 km (1.187 nmi, 1.367 mi)
Service ceiling: 17,500 m (57.420 ft)
Rate of climb: 195 m/s (38.386 ft/min)
Armament:
1× twin-barreled Type 23-III 23mm (0.9") cannon with 250 rounds under the fuselage;
5× hardpoints (4× under-wing, 1× centerline under-fuselage) with a capacity of 2,000 kg maximum (up to 500 kg each); Ordnance primarily comprises air-to-air missiles, including PL-2, PL-5, PL-7, PL-8, PL-9 and PL-11 AAMs, but in a secondary CAS role various rocket pods an unguided bombs of up to 500kg caliber could be carried
The kit and its assembly:
This whif is based on the real world J-7FS, which actually flew but never made it beyond the technical demonstrator stage. However, I found the air intake design with its raked shape and the pointed radome interesting, and since I had a crappy Matchbox MiG-21MF with misprinted decals in store I decided to use that kit for a whif conversion. There’s even a resin kit of the first J-7FS (still with the standard delta wing, though, and horribly expensive) available, but I wanted to create a more advanced what-if model, if the type had somehow entered service.
The kit saw major modification all around the fuselage: the wing tips were clipped and scratch-built ends for the J-7E double delta wing shape attached. The shape is certainly not correct, but it's IMHO the impression that counts. The MiG-21MF's deep fin was replaced by a donation part from an F-16 – the 2nd J-7FS already featured a distinctive kink at the fin’s top which made it already look rather F-16ish, and the taller and more slender fin suits the MiG-21 well.
A brake parachute housing with a disctinctive, blunt end was added just above the jet exhaust, and some antennae and pitots were added in order to enhance the bleak Matchbox kit a little. The Type 23-III cannon was sculpted from a piece of sprue, just like the brake parachute housing.
The nose section/radome is the front half of an F-18 drop tank. An oval, tapered piece of styrene was implanted as the raked intake lip, trying to copy the look of the real thing according to the few pictures I had at hand. I also added a central splitter in the air intake, which houses the front wheel bay.
Some putty work was necessary to blend the new nose into the front fuselage, as well as the dorsal spine into the new fin, but that turned out to be easier than expected.
The jet exhaust originally is just a vertical "plate" in the MiG-21's tail. I opened it and implanted a new cover inside of the fuselage, in a deeper position. For some more detail I also added a (simple) jet nozzle, IIRC it is a leftover part from a Matchbox Jaguar kit, probably 30 years old... Not much, but it defininitively enhances the rear view of the machine.
The original cockpit only consists of a bulky seat and the pilot figure, and the clear canopy is clear but horribly thick. Hence, I decided to keep the cockpit closed, but nevertheless I added a floor and some side panels, and used an Airfix pilot figure.
The missile ordnance comes from the scrap box, reflecting “modern” Chinese air-to-air weaponry: two PL-7 (Matra Magic AAMs from an Italeri NATO weapons kit) on the outer and two PL-11 (two Aspide missiles from the same set ) on the inner wing hardpoints. All wing hardpoints come from MiG-21F kits, one pair is from the Academy kit, the other from the vintage Hasegawa kit, both have the launch rails molded into the weapon pylon. The drop tank is a typical Chinese item - it resembles the Russian/soviet PTB-490 drop tank, but has a more blunt nose and smaller fins - it comes from a FC-1 kit from Trumpeter.
Paintings and markings:
Since it is an air superiority aircraft, I wanted an appropriate livery, but not the dull overall grey of contemporary PLAAF fighters. But I found some weird real life paint schemes which inspired the final camouflage.
Since the plane was not supposed to look too American through FS tones I rather used 'other' colors for a wraparound scheme. The basic tone is Testors 2123 (Russian Underside Blue), and from above a darker contrast color was added, Humbrol 230 (PRU Blue). Both tones have a greenish/teal hue, which complements each other well. Together they create a pretty distinctive look, though, esp. with the red and yellow insignia and codes. IMHO these colors suit the fighter well.
The kit received a light black ink wash and some dry painting with lighter blue-grey shades (Humbrol 87 and 128), but no weathering, since modern Chinese aircraft tend to look pretty clean and pristine.
The decals were puzzled together from the scrap box, IIRC the insignia originally they belong to a Il-28 Trumpeter kit. The 5 digit code comes from a Revell MiG-29 and the number itself is based on the information published in the 2010 book “Chinese Air Power” by Yefim Gordon und Dmitriy Komissarov, where the Chinese code system is explained – I hope that it is more or less authentic ;)
So, all in all a rather simple kit conversion, and certainly not a creative masterpiece. To be honest, the similarity with the real thing is just at first glance - but since it is whif world, I am fine with the outcome. ^^
For many years I have tried to photograph this laneway but with little success mainly because of limited space and poor lighting.
On Monday I purchased a Voigtlander 15mm which is an ultra-wide-angle lens so I decided to give it a try within the alleyway and here is one of the images. The lens is fully manual so it it is not easy to use without introducing high levels of distortion. White balance was another major problem.
Walking down Essex Street East it’s easy to miss the entrance to this hidden laneway, but for those in the know it is a handy shortcut between Temple Bar and Dame Street.
If you look down the dark laneway beside the Dublin Theatre Festival Office and you will see original artwork by Dublin street artist Maser ‘I’d Rather Trust a Dealer on a Badly Lit Street Corner, than a Criminal in a Three Piece Suit’.
If you are brave enough to walk down the lane you will see various items of street art and you will be surprised when this narrow lane opens out onto a small square, framed by the Olympia Theatre. Continue along the laneway by the side of the Olympia Theatre
and pass under the sign for Brogan’s Bar, before Crampton Court opens out onto Dame Street.
Anna Doran, a Dublin Street Artist, tried to re-invent one end of the lane as ‘Love Lane’. I have been a fan of Anna for a number of years ... ever since I saw her painted traffic control cabinet on Bolton Street. You can also some of her work on the walls of the "Hungry Mexican" restaurant in Bodkin's on Bolton Street.
Be aware that this laneway attracts some anti-social behaviour particularly in the lane on the Temple Bar side.
Love the Lanes is a joint initiative between Dublin City Council and the Temple Bar Company to pilot solutions and interventions to address issues in the laneways of Temple Bar. Over the years these lanes have fallen into disuse and have become magnets for anti-social behaviour. The stated goal is to reactivate these lanes for people to use and enjoy through creative intervention.
The project was launched on 21st March 2014 with an open call for new ideas. The response from the public was remarkable and shows that there is a real desire by the public to bring life back into the laneways in this historic part of the city. The main focus for the project was Adair and Bedford Lanes, Copper Alley and Crampton Court. 10 proposals were shortlisted and are being developed for implementation on the Laneways of Temple Bar with the support of residents and businesses.
A number of ideas were trialled in 2015 while others require financial investment and a longer timeline.
My laptop problems continued through Saturday as I deleted the W10 upload of Friday (which took 4 hours) ... then I decided to get into the kitchen which took my mind off computer problems. Come Sunday I told my partner that I had already decided it would be an 'art' day - the weather was predicted to be awful and I needed headspace from the laptop. But to aid de-stressing, I decided also to dress in clothes suitable for mucking about with pencil or paint ... colour coordination could wait (it's called art ... I'm told).
Here I am at 09.00 ... hardly Ms Glamourpuss ... ready to tackle some sketching. I write this now at 22.30 still dressed the same and looking reasonably similar (a touch of lippy and hooter powder have been the only touch ups during the day).
The significance? I have never spent 14 hours dressed before, let alone in one 'outfit' and with my partner here. Sod the computer, I'm a happy bunny ... and my sketch turned out well, too!
Left
Arlington Memorial Bridge
The Arlington Memorial Bridge is a Neoclassical masonry, steel, and stone arch bridge with a central bascule (or drawbridge) that crosses the Potomac River, linking Washington, D.C., with the U.S. state of Virginia. First proposed in 1886, the bridge went unbuilt for decades thanks to political quarrels over whether the bridge should be a memorial, and to whom or what. Traffic problems associated with the dedication of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in November 1921 and the desire to build a bridge in time for the bicentennial of the birth of George Washington led to its construction in 1932.
Designed by the architectural firm McKim, Mead, and White, Arlington Memorial Bridge defines the western end of the National Mall and is decorated with monumental statues depicting valor and sacrifice by sculptor Leo Friedlander. The bridge's draw span was permanently closed in 1961. The bridge has received minor repairs, but as of 2013, never a major overhaul and is deteriorating.
See: Arlington Memorial Bridge
Memorial Bridge
Arlington Memorial Bridge and its related architectural, engineering, sculptural, and landscape features are significant as important elements in the Neo-classical urban design of the National Capital as it evolved during the first third of the 20th century. Successfully integrated with Washington's grand plan, the bridge composition enhances the monumental city as well as the riverscape.
Widely regarded as Washington's most beautiful bridge, Memorial Bridge symbolically links North and South in its alignment between the Lincoln Memorial and Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial. The adjacent Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway terminus, the Watergate steps, and monumental equestrian statuary join with the bridge in constituting a formal western terminus of the great Washington Mall composition at the edge of the Potomac. The bridge axis, angled southwesterly from the east-west Mall axis, is carried on Memorial Avenue across the Boundary Channel Bridge to the Virginia shore. There it terminates at the Arlington Hemicycle, keystone of the grand renaissance gateway to Arlington National Cemetery and now the location of the Women in Military Service for America Memorial. This Memorial and museum, located in the Hemicycle, was designed in 1989 by Marion Weiss and Michael Manfredi, and is now open to the public. The project has restored the Hemicycle in a very sensitive manner. Arlington House rises as the focal point on the hill above.
The entire composition was designed by the prominent architectural firm of McKim, Mead and White. The low, Neo-classical bridge is 2,163 feet long; nine broad arches carry the bridge across the river. Except for the draw span, the bridge is of reinforced concrete construction faced with dressed North Carolina granite ashlar.
Flanking the eastern ends of the bridge and parkway are two pairs of monumental Neo-classical equestrian sculpture on identical pedestals. "The Arts of War" by Leo Friedlander stands at the end of the bridge. In "Valor" on the left, the male equestrian is accompanied by a female striding forward with a shield; in "Sacrifice" a standing female symbolizing the earth looks up to the rider Mars. "The Arts of Peace" by James Earle Fraser flanks the end of the parkway. "Music and Harvest" consists of a winged horse, Pegasus, between a male figure with a bundle of wheat and a sickle and a woman with a harp. In "Aspiration and Literature," another Pegasus is flanked by figures holding a book and a bow. The statues, approximately 17 feet tall are of gilded bronze. They were commissioned in 1925, but were not erected until 1951.
Memorial Bridge runs across the Potomac River from the Lincoln Memorial to Arlington House in Virginia.
See: Memorial Bridge Equestrian sculptures
Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial
Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial, formerly named the Custis-Lee Mansion, is a Greek revival style mansion located in Arlington, Virginia, USA that was once the home of Confederate General Robert E. Lee. It overlooks the Potomac River and the National Mall in Washington, D.C. During the American Civil War, the grounds of the mansion were selected as the site of Arlington National Cemetery, in part to ensure that Lee would never again be able to return to his home. However, the United States has since designated the mansion as a National Memorial to Lee, a mark of widespread respect for him in both the North and South. Arlington Woods, located behind Arlington House, contains the oldest and largest tract of climax eastern hardwood forest that still exists in Arlington County.
See: Arlington House
Center
Potomac River
The Potomac River flows into the Chesapeake Bay, located along the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. The river (main stem and North Branch) is approximately 652 km long, with a drainage area of about 38,000 km². In terms of area, this makes the Potomac River the fourth largest river along the Atlantic coast of the United States and the 21st largest in the United States. Over 5 million people live within the Potomac watershed.
See: Potomac River
Right
Arlington County, Virginia
The county is situated in Northern Virginia on the south bank of the Potomac River directly across from Washington, D.C. Arlington is also bordered by Fairfax County and the City of Falls Church to the southwest, and the City of Alexandria to the southeast. With a land area of 67 km2, Arlington is the geographically smallest self-governing county in the United States and has no other incorporated towns within its borders. Given these unique characteristics, for statistical purposes the county is included as a municipality within the Washington Metropolitan Area by the United States Census Bureau. As of 2012, Arlington County had a population of 220,565 residents. It would be the fourth-largest city in the state if it were incorporated as such.
Given the county's proximity to Washington, D.C., Arlington is headquarters to many departments and agencies of the federal government of the United States, including the Department of Defense, the United States Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The many federal agencies, government contractors, and service industries contribute to Arlington's stable economy, which has made it one of the highest-income counties in the United States. Arlington is also the location of national memorials and museums, including Arlington National Cemetery, the Pentagon Memorial, the Marine Corps War Memorial, and the United States Air Force Memorial.
See: Arlington
what's the problem w/ that?
now all i need is this drinks to stick them in.
and a poolboy to bring them to me.
and a pool.
and warm weather.
oh well, i'll stick w/ the umbrellas for now
and hey julie: ella ella eh eh eh....ahahahahhaha!!!
If you don't like violence.. I am sorry.
(if you want to use my design please ask for permission first)
QUINTA do DOURADO e sua CAPELA de S. CRISTÓVÃO (S. Mamede de Infesta, Matosinhos) - ATUALIZADO de 24/01/2016 a 28/01/2016, graças às contribuições de Ana Coimbra, neta do Eng.º João Paes de Aguilar.
Situada na R. da Igreja Velha, tem casa nobre, casa de caseiros, jardins, capela, eira de pedra, uma cortinha de lavradio, um monumental portão de entrada com nicho vazado no tímpano a recolher o orago protetor S. Cristóvão e, no logradouro da entrada, bem próximo da capela, existe um pavilhão ladeado por 2 pedras de arma de bom lavor e, defronte dele, um amplo lago enquadrado por esculturas barrocas em granito:
o atual portão de entrada belo monumental, o amplo lago e o pavilhão ladeado por 2 pedras de arma de bom lavor são da responsabilidade do último comprador da quinta em 1954, o Eng.º João Paes de Aguilar, que fez grandes obras na quinta modificando os jardins, construindo o lago e o pavilhão e substituindo o portão de entrada pelo atual que ele mandou fazer propositadamente para valorizar e recuperar a quinta.
Da capelinha barroca, ereta sob a proteção de S. Cristóvão, e já sem a belíssima talha, foi referenciada em 1741 como 'huma capela com o seu quintal pegedo que adquirido de novo por compoziçãm que fes com os moradores da freguezia de Sam Mamede da Ermida que esta tudo cito no lugar donde estava situada a lgreya Velha da dita freguezia' (segundo o Eng.º Agostinho Boavida, em 1772, o proprietário M. Costa Santiago reconstituiu-a);
parece concluir-se, com relativa segurança, que no quintal anexo à capela a que se reporta o aludido documento de 1741 esteve implantada a antiga igreja paroquial de S. Mamede de Infesta.
Em 1849, a quinta passou a ser propriedade de BOAVENTURA DA COSTA DOURADO para mandar celebrar missas na capela de S. Cristóvão existente na quinta:
este portuense emigrou para Salvador da Bahia no Brasil antes de 1811, pois a 07/02/1811 matriculou-se na Real Junta do Commercio e já tinha a sua casa comercial situada na R. dos Caldeireiros na parte baixa da cidade de Salvador da Bahia e na qual vendia vários bens oriundos de Jersey num bergantim fazendo escala em Lisboa e comprados à 'Barroso, Martins e C.ª' de Londres com a qual tinha estabelecido relações comerciais que terminariam em 1812 (vinho engarrafado clarete, licores, açúcar refinado em pão, ferro em barras, em vergalhão e em arcos, sabão, cabos, azeite em botijas e louça e sal de Lisboa);
como ficou a dever 4 725$213 réis à empresa londrina de Domingos José Martins e seus sócios, Boaventura da Costa Dourado partiu em 1813 para o Rio de Janeiro para ver se aí resolvia os seus problemas mercantis e financeiros;
regressado entretanto a Portugal antes de 1831 com a sua mulher Ursula Joaquina (Dourado) e os seus filhos brasileiros baianos Antonio Wenceslau da Costa Dourado e Hermogenes Henrique Dourado que nasceram na freguesia de N.ª S.ª da Conceição da Praia da Cidade da Bahia no Imperio do Brazil antes de 1813, a família foi viver para a R. das Flores na freguesia da Sé do Porto e aí ele estabeleceu-se como comerciante;
a 12/09/1831, era um dos 3 'Fiscaes da Administração da casa fallida de 'Bernardo Clamouse Browne e Companhia' (irmão ? de Manoel de Clamouse Browne, nascido em 1790 e falecido em 1857, e de Maria da Felicidade do Couto Browne que nasceu no Porto a 10/01/1800, foi uma poetisa romântica conhecida por Coruja Trovadora e por Soror Dolores, privou com Camilo Castelo Branco tendo organizado célebres saraus poéticos na sua quinta no lugar do Choupello em Vila Nova de Gaia e faleceu no Porto a 8 ou 09/11/1861) pretendendo vender a um preço inferior aos das suas judiciais avaliações os armazéns sitos nos n.º 15 a 3 do lugar do Choupello em Vila Nova de Gaia (por 4 560$000 réis) e a casa dos n.º 57 e 58 da então R. Nova dos Ingleses, de acordo com o anúncio publicado nesse dia na 'Gazeta de Lisboa';
a 31/03/1835, já era membro da Direção da Associação Commercial do Porto, tal como Manoel de Clamouse Browne, presidida desde a sua fundação a 24/12/1834 por Arnaldo VanZeller;
a 12/11/1835, foi o mais coletado na Décima dos moradores na freguesia da Sé e em 1835 foi um dos 190 acionistas fundadores da Companhia de Seguros Confiança (com 6 das 1000 ações de 1000$000 réis cada uma) criada pela Associação Commercial do Porto;
fez testamento e faleceu viúvo antes de 1855 ? tendo ficado a viver na Quinta do Dourado pelo menos o seu neto solteiro Boaventura da Costa Dourado.
O brasileiro baiano HERMOGENES HENRIQUE DOURADO casou no Porto com Lucinda Emilia de Miranda (Dourado), era um dos 40 maiores contribuintes do concelho do Porto apurados em sessão publica da Câmara Municipal do Porto a 07/01/1855 e construiu em Leça da Palmeira uma casa da responsabilidade do conceituado Capitão de Engenharia Joaquim Miguel Baptista Maciel (autor do projeto para um quartel na praça da Serra do Pilar em 1856, da planta duma parte do extinto Convento de Monchique no Porto onde se projetava estabelecer um deposito de cereaes para fornecimento das tropas da 3.ª Divisão Militar em novembro de 1860 e da planta e dos perfis do terreno escolhido para se edificar o Hospital Militar permanente do Porto, entre muitos outras plantas e projetos) e do desenhador e pintor Leonel Marques Pereira (Lisboa, 1828 - Lisboa, 30/06/1892) quando exerceu na Direcção Geral de Engenharia Militar o cargo de desenhador, cuja construção foi iniciada em 1864 e para onde terá ido viver com a sua esposa.
O brasileiro baiano ANTONIO WENCESLAU DA COSTA DOURADO, a viver com seus pais na R. da Flores enquanto solteiro, casou a 11/09/1841 com LUDOVINA CANDIDA DE MIRANDA (Dourado), natural da freguesia da Sé no Porto, por Portaria do Bispo da Sé do Porto na Capela Pública de Antonio Joaquim de Miranda Guimaraens (o pai da noiva era filho de Jose de Miranda e Anna Maria de Miranda, casado com Maria Theodora do Valle Miranda que era filha de Maria Theodora do Valle e do alferes Francisco Jose Gomes Monteiro que foi eleito Eleitor Paroquial e Compromissório pela freguesia da Sé nas primeiras eleições de dezembro de 1820 para as 'autarquias locais' e as Cortes e que foi Alferes das Milícias na 2.ª Secção da 2 .ª Linha pelas topas liberais desde 13/05/1825 até pelo menos 25/07/1833);
continuando a viver na R. das Flores, tiveram aí os seus filhos Maria da Costa Dourado, Boaventura da Costa Dourado, Dúlla da Costa Dourado, Helena Maria da Costa Dourado, Sophia Maria Dourado e Antonio Wenceslau da Costa Dourado Junior;
MARIA da Costa Dourado nasceu na R das Flores a 10/07/1842 e foi batizada a 18/08/1842 na Sé Cathedral do Porto pelo padre Abbade da Sé Jose Vicente Teixeira tendo sido seus padrinhos o seu avô paterno Boaventura da Costa Dourado e o seu avô materno Antonio Joaquim de Miranda Guimaraens representado, por procuração por si passada, pelo tio tio da batizanda e proprietário Manoel Joaquim de Araujo e Costa;
BOAVENTURA da Costa Dourado nasceu na R. da Flores a 11/07/1844, foi batizado a 31/08/1844 na Sé Cathedral do Porto pelo padre Abbade da Sé Jose Vicente Teixeira tendo sido seus padrinhos o seu avô paterno Boaventura da Costa Dourado e Emilia Arminda de Miranda representada, por procuração passada por si passada, pelo tio da batizanda e propietário Manoel Joaquim de Araujo e Costa, e faleceu solteiro na Quinta do Dourado a 29/01/1920;
DÚLLA da Costa Dourado nasceu na R. da Flores a 18/04/1847 e foi batizada a 29/05/1847 na Sé Cathedral do Porto pelo padre Abbade da Sé Jose Vicente Teixeira tendo sido seus padrinhos o seu avô paterno Boaventura da Costa Dourado e assistiu como madrinha o seu tio e proprietário Manoel Joaquim de Araujo e Costa morador na R. das Flores e que, em 1857, foi um dos numerosos fundadores (proprietários, futuros titulares, homens do governo da cidade e diversos estrangeiros, nomeadamente ingleses) de 'O Club Portuense' tendo vindo a falecer a 02/02/1901 e o seu testamento foi aberto a 03/02/1901;
HELENA MARIA da Costa Dourado nasceu na R. da Flores a 07/05/1848, foi batizada a 14/06/1848 na Sé Cathedral do Porto pelo padre Abbade da Sé Jose Vicente Teixeira tendo sido seus padrinhos o seu avô paterno Boaventura da Costa Dourado e Lucinda Emilia de Miranda (Dourado) representada, por procuração por si passada, pelo seu marido e tio paterno da batizanda Hermogenes Henrique Dourado, e casou a 20/02/1868 na Capella do Relogio de Santa Rita (vulgo, dos Grillos), situada na casa do pai do noivo (o Conselheiro Doutor Adrião Pereira Forjaz de Sampaio, Lente cathedratico da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Coimbra nascido a 10/02/1810, falecido a 11/09/1874 na Figueira da Foz e casado com Leonarda Teresa Leite Ribeiro Freire nascida em 1824 e falecida em 1899 em Coimbra) da freguesia de São Chtristovão da Cidade de Coimbra, com Diogo Pereira de Sampaio Forjaz (nascido nesta freguesia a 21/10/1846 e falecido a 15/03/1927) tendo sido testemunhas Jose Maria Pereira Forjaz de Sampaio (tio paterno do noivo e Desembargador da Relação de Lisboa), Hermogenes Henrique Dourado (tio paterno da noiva) e sua mulher Lucinda Emilia de Miranda (Dourado), e Guilhermina Amalia Leite Ribeiro Freire (tia materna do noivo, nascida em 1821 e casada com Manuel dos Santos Pereira Jardim nascido em Coimbra em 1818 e aí falecido em 1887);
SOPHIA MARIA Dourado (da Cunha Velho Sotto Mayor) nasceu na R das Flores, já vivia na Quinta do Dourado em S. Mamede de Infesta quando casou a 23/10/1877 na Igreja Parochial de São Martinho de Dume em Braga com Alberto da Cunha Velho Sotto Mayor que nasceu a 26/02/1851 no lugar da Ordem em Barcelos na casa dos barões da Retorta, o brasileiro Domingos Miguel da Cunha Velho Sotto Mayor de Azevedo e Melo Tavora de Albergaria e Castro (Sacramento da Sé, Rio de Janeiro, 12/04/1806 - Casa da Ordem, S. Martinho de Dume, Braga, 28/10/1877) e Anna Emilia da Costa e Almeida Ferraz (Barcelinhos, Barcelos, 20/05/1816 - Braga, 19/06/1888) de quem teve 10 filhos, tendo sido o Arnaldo o 14.º dos seus 17 filhos e tendo falecido em Ponte da Barca (um desses filhos foi Boaventura Dourado da Cunha Sotto Mayor que casou com Maria de Assunção Mesquita (Dourado da Cunha Sotto Mayor) de quem teve geração no Porto, no Brasil e em Paris, e faleceu em S. Mamede Infesta depois de ter vendido parte da Quinta do Dourado;
ANTONIO WENCESLAU da Costa Dourado JUNIOR nasceu na R. das Flores a 08/09/1849, foi batizado a 15/10/1849 na Sé Cathedral do Porto pelo padre Abbade da Sé Jose Vicente Teixeira tendo sido seus padrinhos o seu avô paterno Boaventura da Costa Dourado e o seu tio Manoel Joaquim de Araujo e Costa representado pela sua mulher Emilia ? de Araujo e Costa, casou às 16:30 de 28/11/1874 na Igreja parochial de N.ª S.ª da Vitória no Porto com GRACINDA DA GLORIA DE FONTES (Dourado) que nasceu a 06/04/1851 na Travessa da Fabrica da freguesia da Vitoria, foi batizada a 20/06/1851 na Igreja de N.ª S.ª da Vitoria e era filha dos lavradores Manoel de Fontes (natural de Ponte de Lima, filho de Caetano de Fontes natural da freguesia de Lobão e de Maria da Roza natural da freguesia de Santa Marinha no concelho de Ribeira de Pena no Arcebispado de Braga) e de Maria da Gloria Fontes (natural de Lordello do Ouro no Porto, filha de Francisco Jose Antunes natural de São Vicente de Campos e de Maria Ermelinda de Barros Antunes natural da freguesia da Vitoria no Porto), faleceu em Cedofeita a 30/09/1904 e ambos tiveram vários filhos na freguesia de S. Martinho de Cedofeita para onde foram viver (Antonio Wenceslau Fontes Dourado nascido em 1877 e falecido a 18/11/1888, Helena de Fontes Dourado nascida a 31/12/1879, Affonso Henriques da Costa Dourado nascido a 05/05/1881, Boaventura António de Fontes Dourado que nasceu a 02/12/1883 e frequentou no anno lectivo de 1902/1903 a Academia Polytechnica do Porto, Maria da Natividade de Fontes Dourado nascida a 06/11/1890 e João Miguel de Fontes Dourado cuja filha Helena da Glória Gouveia de Fontes Dourado nasceu em 1917 e casou com Jose Antonio de Oliveira Braga nascido em 1896).
Com a morte do solteiro Boaventura da Costa Dourado a 29/01/1920, foram herdeiros da quinta os seus 4 irmãos e os descendentes de uma das irmãs já falecida:
a quinta foi desmembrada em 2 por partilhas, a quinta principal (Quinta do Dourado) e a Quinta do Albuquerque composta por casas para caseiros, grande terreno a lavradio, engenho de tirar água para rega e 2 tanques;
depois de várias e atribuladas sucessões, foi a Quinta do Albuquerque vendida em 13/10/1950, a Maria Amelia de Magalhães e Lencastre (S. Lazaro, Porto, 19/041896 - Porto, 04/01/1954) e seu marido Luis de Faria Lencastre (Ariz, Marco de Canavezes, 06/12/1887 - Antas, Porto, 02/06/1951) casados a 18/11/1914 em Vila Boa do Bispo no concelho de Marco de Canaveses, por Boaventura da Costa Dourado Sottomayor (filho de Alberto da Cunha Velho Sotto Mayor e Sophia Maria Dourado, um dos muitos sobrinhos do solteiro Boaventura da Costa Dourado) e sua mulher Maria de Assunção Mesquita;
por morte da viúva Maria Amelia de Magalhães e Lencastre a 04/01/1954, foram herdeiros os seus 7 filhos, estando a viver na quinta o seu filho António de Faria Lencastre (Vila Boa do Bispo, Marco de Canaveses, 18/09/1917 - Foz do Douro, Porto, 24/04/1976) e a sua mulher D. Maria Elisabete de Oliveira Lobo d' Ávila (23/05/1919 - ?) casados a 02/04/1945 na Foz do Douro e sepultados em jazigo de família no Cemitério do Prado deixando 7 filhos ainda todos vivos.
Em 1954, por causa das partilhas entre Antonio de Faria Lencastre e os seus irmãos após a morte da mãe a 04/01/1954, foi decidido a venda da quinta:
assim, a Quinta do Albuquerque voltou a unir-se ao núcleo fundamental da Quinta do Dourado, por compra de ambas pelo Eng.º Eletrotécnico João Paes de Aguilar.
JOÃO PAES DE AGUILAR nasceu entre agosto de 1900 e janeiro de 1901 em S. João da Pesqueira, apenas porque o seu pai era então Juiz de Direito no Tribunal de S. João da Pesqueira, era irmão de Maria Augusta de Lacerda Leitão de Aguilar que comprou a Casa Nobre ou Casa dos Navegantes na R. de Sobreiras em Lordelo do Ouro no Porto e eram ambos filhos de Jose Maria da Fonseca Saraiva d' Aguilar (Cabeça de Mouro, Torre de Moncorvo, Bragança, ? - R. do Moreira, n.º 255, Bonfim, 28/11/1926) e de Maria Lacerda Leitão (de Aguilar) casados em dezembro de 1899 (filho de Jose Maria Saraiva d' Aguilar e irmão de Frederico Saraiva d' Aguilar, de Ayres Augusto Saraiva d' Aguilar e do médico Arthur Maximo Saraiva d' Aguilar, o pai de João Paes de Aguilar matriculou-se a 02/10/1879 no curso de Direito da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Coimbra onde concluiu o Bacharelato em Direito de 5 anos em 1884 tendo aí residido no n.º 18 do Largo do Hospital quando frequentou o 1.º ano no ano letivo de 1879/80, no n.º 23 do Bêeco dos Militares quando frequentou os 2.º e 3.º anos nos anos letivos de 1880/81 e 1881/82 e no n.º 5 dos Arcos do Jardim quando frequentou os 4.º e 5.º anos nos anos letivos de 1882/83 e 1883/84, o rei D. Carlos I transferiu-o por carta de 21/11/1893 para ser o Delegado do Procurador Régio na Comarca de S. João da Pesqueira até janeiro de 1901, foi nomeado a 04/01/1901 Juiz de Direito da Comarca da Ilha das Flores nos Açores pelo rei D. Carlos I (nomeação escrita a 21/01/1901 no Livro de Mercês do rei), era Juiz de Direito na Comarca de Felgueiras em 1911 tendo estado de licença, concedida a 24/08/1911, entre 23/09/1911 e 21/10/1911 e fez testamento cerrado a 20/04/1922, 4 anos e meio antes de falecer, e aberto a 08/12/1926);
João Paes de Aguilar era em 1924 aluno do Eng.º Civil Luís Couto dos Santos (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 01/03/1872 - Porto, 31/01/1938), professor ordinário da 3.ª secção (a de Mecânica e Eletrotecnia) na Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto desde maio de 1919 lecionando então as aulas da 25.ª cadeira (Medidas Elétricas);
entre 1934 e 1937, ele foi Eng.º Vogal do Conselho Superior de Obras Públicas (CSOP) na 2.ª Subsecção (Telecomunicações) da Secção de Eletricidade, conselho este criado na 1.ª quinzena de janeiro de 1934 por Despacho ao abrigo de um Decreto do Governo de 23/12/1933;
João Paes de Aguilar CASOU depois de 1937 a um 13 de abril com Branca Alice Ferreira Braga (de Aguilar), nascida a 30/04/1909, viúva de Armando Duarte Dias (com quem esteve casada entre 1929 e 1937, ano em que o seu 1.º marido faleceu vítima de tuberculose que o tinha atacado 7 anos antes), falecida a 14/02/2005 e neta materna de Narciso Ferreira (Pedome, Famalicão, 07/07/1862 - 23/03/1933) que era filho dos pequenos lavradores Antonio Ferreira (natural de Pedome e filho de Custodio Ferreira natural de Sam Clemente de Sande e Anna de Abreu Marques natural de Santa Maria de Oliveira) e Maria Dias de Sampaio falecida por volta de 1890 (natural de Riba d' Ave e filha de Domingos Jose Dias de Sampaio natural de Pedome e Francisca Rosa da Silva Pacheco natural de Riba d' Ave), foi o grande fundador da indústria têxtil em Portugal (depois da aprendizagem em oficina manual de tecelão aos 19 anos cerca de 1881 com 2 teares manuais na sua casa de Pedome vendendo os seus tecidos de algodão nas feiras vizinhas e no Porto onde arranjou clientes certos para o sustento da mãe e dos irmãos devido à morte prematura do seu pai, e depois de ter casado a 19/01/1882 em Riba d' Ave com Eva Rosa de Oliveira (filha de Zeferino Jose Pereira e Anna Joaquina de Oliveira naturais de Riba d' Ave, nascida a 14/01/1861 e falecida a 01/01/1913), procedeu aqui por volta de 1890 à instalação duma oficina têxtil com teares mecânicos junto ao curso do rio Ave onde estabeleceu uma queda de água, a qual chegou a atingir 19 teares mecânicos e onde ele se especializou nos 'riscados fortes' que lhe deram fama e proveito e que ele continuou a produzir e a potenciar com o seu desenvolvimento empresarial ao ter conseguido sociedade em 1894 junto dos negociantes e capitalistas do Porto Manuel J. Oliveira, José Augusto Dias, Eng.º Ortigão Sampaio e J. Fernandes Machado legalizando a situação em 1896 com a criação da empresa 'Sampaio, Ferreira & C.ª' cujo crescimento deu origem ao maior empreendimento têxtil que existia em Portugal na 2.ª metade do século XIX, não se limitando a adquirir riqueza, mas preocupando-se imenso também com os aspetos da solidariedade e da amizade já que mandou construir em Riba d' Ave 5 bairros para operários, 1 creche e 1 quartel para a Guarda Nacional, escolas em várias localidades e o Hospital de Riba d’ Ave) e foi o responsável pelo início do abastecimento de energia elétrica ao Norte de Portugal (criou em 1907 a 'Companhia Hidro-Eléctrica do Varosa' nas cercanias de Lamego, a qual começou a produzir energia 2 anos depois), teve 10 filhos (2 que morreram crianças, Delfim de Oliveira Ferreira nascido na freguesia de Riba d' Ave a 13/12/1888 e agraciado com a Grã-Cruz da Ordem de Mérito Industrial em 1951, a Ordem Militar de Cristo, o Grande Oficialato da Ordem de Mérito Industrial e a Medalha de Ouro Municipal de Vila do Conde tendo falecido a 24/09/1960 na sua Quinta de Serralves no Porto adquirida a Carlos Alberto Cabral, 2.º Conde de Vizela e à sua esposa Blache Daubin em 1957 e onde a sua esposa e violinista Sílvia Gomes continuou a viver até à sua morte em fevereiro de 1982 deixando órfãos os seus filhos Maria Alice, Sílvia, Maria de Lurdes e Delfim Alexandre, Alfredo de Oliveira Ferreira nascido a 09/11/1889 e casado com Maria Amélia da Costa tendo falecido em Riba d' Ave a 12/12/1958, Raul de Oliveira Ferreira que nasceu a 14/03/1895 e casou com Maria da Gloria Gomes de Matos Ribeiro tendo sido Comendador e falecido a 09/05/1974, Jose de Oliveira Ferreira nascido a 14/12/1887 e casado com Maria Candida Nogueira Gonçalves tendo falecido em Riba d' Ave a 13/11/1922, Joaquim Ferreira nascido a 04/02/1893 e casado com Ermelinda Alice da Costa Guimarães, Manoel Carlos de Oliveira Ferreira casado com Maria Margarida Mesquita Guimarães de Brito e falecido a 02/02/1935, Maria Luciana de Oliveira Ferreira casada com Arnaldo Gonçalves e Rita Rosa de Oliveira Ferreira casada com Antonio Manoel Ferreira Braga natural de Chaves, os pais da esposa de João Pais de Aguilar que tiveram 5 filhos tendo um deles falecido aos 5 anos com tifo) e foi galardoado pelo Governo com a Grã-Cruz da Ordem de Mérito Industrial e com a Grã-Cruz da Ordem de Benemerência;
João Paes de Aguilar foi destacado pelo governo para dirigir as obras de construção da barragem da Chicamba Real (uma das gargantas do rio Revué em Moçambique) a partir dos projetos elaborados pelo Gabinete de Estudos da 'Sociedade Hidro-Eléctrica do Revué, SARL' criada pelo Decreto n.º 35744 de 10/07/1946 (a barragem situa-se cerca de 30 Km a oeste de Chimoio no planalto de Manica e foi inaugurada como Barragem Oliveira Salazar a 20/06/1959);
ainda em 2008, existia em Maputo (antiga Lourenço Marques) uma rua com o seu nome;
João Paes de Aguilar foi primo direito do médico e político Artur Máximo Saraiva de Aguilar (Seixas do Douro, Vila Nova de Foz Coa, Guarda, 22/11/1910 - ?), de Aires Máximo Saraiva de Aguilar e do advogado e escritor José Maria Saraiva de Aguilar (Seixas do Douro, Vila Nova de Foz Coa, Guarda, 23/07/1913 - Vila Real, 11/03/1981) que casou com Augusta Magalhães de Aguilar (Santa Marta de Penaguião, Vila Real, 02/08/1907 - Vila Real, 07/02/2002), filhos de de Anna Joaquina Pego e do seu tio paterno e médico Arthur Maximo Saraiva d' Aguilar formado em 1902 na Escola Médico-Cirúrgica do Porto com a sua dissertação inaugural 'Alimentação na Febre Typhoide (breve estudo)' orientada pelo Dr. Candido Pinho.
Há uns anos atrás, na antiga Quinta do Albuquerque, esteve em exploração um horto, sendo que a casa grande da Quinta do Dourado era utilizada para banquetes, casamentos e outras receções:
atualmente, a casa está habitada por uma família herdeira de João Pais de Aguilar e já não desenvolve atividades para o exterior.
Hahah I saw this sick Aventador pulling out of the Westfield Promenade in Woodland Hills. White is starting to get old but they are still great to see. Please leave feedback. Comments and Favs are always appreciated!! :) I wasn't sure what to post tonight so I just put up this Aventador lol
Here is Arriva Buses Wales VDL Cadet CX04 AXW 2480 is seen at the Bangor bus station as it's operating the route 4A to Llangefni but this one has problems with the front destination board which is not working properly, then they send another bus as 2480 is returning to depot.
You may view more of my images of Ickworth House, Park and gardens, by clicking "here" !
Typha is a genus of about 30 species of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Typhaceae. The genus has a largely Northern Hemisphere distribution, but is essentially cosmopolitan, being found in a variety of wetland habitats. These plants have many common names. They may be known in British English as Bulrush or Reedmace., in American English as Cattail, catninetail, punks, or corn dog grass, in Australia as Cumbungi or bulrush, in Canada as bulrush or Cattail, and in New Zealand as Raupō. Other taxa of plants may be known as bulrush, including some sedges in Scirpus and related genera. The rhizomes are edible. Evidence of preserved starch grains on grinding stones suggests they were eaten in Europe 30,000 years ago] Typha leaves are alternate and mostly basal on a simple, jointless stem that bears the flowering spikes. The plants are monoecious, with unisexual flowers that develop in dense racemes. The numerous male flowers form a narrow spike at the top of the vertical stem. Each male (staminate) flower is reduced to a pair of stamens and hairs, and withers once the pollen is shed. Large numbers of tiny female flowers form a dense, sausage-shaped spike on the stem below the male spike. In larger species this can be up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 1 to 4 centimetres (0.4 to 2 in) thick. The seeds are minute, 0.2 millimetres (0.008 in) long, and attached to fine hairs. When ripe, the heads disintegrate into a cottony fluff from which the seeds disperse by wind. Typha are often among the first wetland plants to colonize areas of newly exposed wet mud, with their abundant wind dispersed seeds. Buried seeds can survive in the soil for long periods of time. They germinate best with sunlight and fluctuating temperatures, which is typical of many wetland plants that regenerate on mud flats. The plants also spread by rhizomes, forming large, interconnected stands. Typha are considered to be dominant competitors in wetlands in many areas, and they often exclude other plants with their dense canopy. In the bays of the Great Lakes, for example, they are among the most abundant wetland plants. Different species of cattails are adapted to different water depths. Well-developed aerenchyma make the plants tolerant of submersion. Even the dead stalks are capable of transmitting oxygen to the rooting zone. Although Typha are native wetland plants, they can be aggressive in their competition with other native species. They have been problematic in many regions in North America, from the Great Lakes to the Everglades. Native sedges are displaced and wet meadows shrink, likely as a response to altered hydrology of the wetlands and increased nutrient levels. An introduced or hybrid species may be contributing to the problem. Control is difficult. The most successful strategy appears to be mowing or burning to remove the aerenchymous stalks, followed by prolonged flooding. It may be more important to prevent invasion by preserving water level fluctuations, including periods of drought, and to maintain infertile conditions. Typha are frequently eaten by wetland mammals such as muskrats, which may also use them to construct feeding platforms and dens. Birds use the seed hairs as nest lining.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
I just deleted this album then re-loaded it to un tag a dealer i have problems with and to blow off steam about his companies' problem. it won't take the wind out of my sales for the love of life on the road. I just spent the last two hours deleting tags to dealers I’ve made large purchases from. The next step is to take their name off of my Truck and Fifth Wheel! That will teach them! I’ve even deleted two entire albums of photos with tags leading friends to the dealerships. My small protest but to have to spend more money in civil court. There should be a court for dealing with consumer products after large purchases and problems exist. Who can afford to do that and or spend the time teaching the bad dealer a lesson! It’s hard when you live on fantasy island and want to believe there are people out there that are true pros and true craftsmen. I know there are a few people out there because I met them and refused to do business with other dealers because I met them too. I’ve seen a guy weld a Holiday Rambler that broke in half over night at the frame and get me back on the road. There is even an RV dealer five minutes from my house that did such a poor job on a 30 foot trailer I want to restore that they lost a ten-grand restoration job! I went elsewhere for a purchase. Where is Brett Michaels when you need him! Now to find the proper venues to vent. Do you think the dealer’s sites post bad reviews? I’m the perfect sucker for a Salesman that cares nothing but for the commission or if they aren’t paid on commission for the BS they lay on you to kill time to eventually close the sale. I shopped for years at many different places within the State and even some Florida dealers for the right RV for me. I have twenty years’ road experience with travel trailers in and out of campgrounds and dealers. The hard part is when you find a good mechanic you are often down the road on the next adventure. The dealer can’t take away my enthusiasm for the joy of my new trailer. They are so useful when built properly and so versatile for travel or events or full time Road Warriors! Who wouldn’t be frustrated when there are 18 jobs that need attention! I was told by the salesman I’d get a good education from top to bottom and the demo guy was going to send me out of the dealership with the fifth wheel receiver or jaws ungreased with no Teflon pad for the fifth wheel! I really needed a fifth wheel hooking and unhooking lesson along with good Hydraulic jack lesson. I was good for most other things except how the solar panel works. But they try hard to push you off on the useless manuals or Destruction books because they are over worked and under staffed in the service area. I get that. Except learning the hard way almost cost me my hand with a bed and the fifth wheel. Luckily I’m quick. Sometimes I don’t know if I should have been a great mechanic a teacher or a great lawyer. I walked HIM through greasing the B&W hitch and greasing the receiver and made him put the Teflon pad he was going to make me leave without that I bought two years ago in anticipation of having a fifth wheel from Mark (the good guy) at the RV show in Greensboro. No kidding, I put a lot of thought into this. Needless to say, he has mechanical skills beyond my capability and they used the excuse it was market time or the RV show to be short with me. Now that I have tested things on the trailer before a trip and found at least 18 jobs that need to be done after waiting for a call for parts that had already been delivered and a call never received then accused of not paying for screens that didn’t fit and that a $125.00 per hour fee was going to be charged, who wouldn’t be upset? Did I mention this? It will always be something! They can just put the nail in the coffin for the common belief that it is over after the Sale is done. Getting passed off from one department to the other is unforgiveable! The excuse is familiar. I just do Sales; you have to talk to Service. Service says we just do Service, you have to go to parts. Even with lifetime warranty printed and tagged all over the trailer with a promise to teach you about how everything works I’ve found out the hard way from a popular dealer in Rural Hall, NC that it is not the case! It’s too bad I didn’t buy my Truck or RV and drive all the way to Atlanta to deal with @Scott Trail or find a similar friend that would make sure everything is right. Dream on Consumer! So, if any name bashing starts remember we always have one friend in the car, RV, insurance or Sales business. When we overall call all Salesman assholes or all insurance companies thieves or all dealings with service mechanics complete disasters we have to remember we have people on our friend’s lists that have those jobs. You know what, right now after a huge purchase and being shuffled it’s amazing I can work up any mercy for any of them. I’ve tried to be a Salesman. Service over profit was my downfall. I’ve tried to be a Customer Service Rep. It was difficult talking to people that needed parts after a large purchase when you just learned there aren’t any parts! We are all selling something whether we know it or not. If you aren’t taking pride in your job to be the best you can be and just killing time you are a part of this problem! Not everyone has a dream job. But it is just my turn to take a punch, but I’m swinging back! It is just unfortunate for them I know a little about RVs. I must have too high a standard to believe that there are really people that give a damn about products or follow through after the sale. I hate that we just don’t care attitude that leaves you searching for a better place. I had a place in Mooresville that I will find again for service. Hopefully the same family runs the place. It is near the Lake in Terrell. I need to return to and find another mobile mechanic once that moved on to a dealer in the mountains and I can’t dig his name up. There are good people out there. They are so hard to find. Maybe it is just me. I expect too much after laying down a hard-earned wage or a life savings for a house, new car, recreation vehicle or piece of equipment that is supposed to work. When I get a new toy, I want to take a photo of every nut bolt and screw on it, one because I am proud, the other reason is for future reference when things fall apart. Buyer’s remorse sucks even if you know the term all too well, Buyer Beware! I saw one guy at the current dealership I am dealing with now running, literally running to get from customer to customer after my purchase. In between him and the good mechanics are problems! The good guy’s name is Mark. He is extremely smart and knows RV’s and fifth wheels up and down. He was literally running with a ladder and carrying three heavy hitches with him to try to wait on at least two customers at the same time. I’m always leaving a window or looking for the good and hoping I’m not back on fantasy island. There were excellent qualified educated trailer technicians in the service in a good building with the right tools to build trailers from scratch, including paint. Getting to them is a full-time job on the customer’s end. They even had parts delivered that they owed me on what they call a we owe and hadn’t bothered to call in a three-week period. They wanted to double charge for some bug screens around 50 bucks until I produced a paid receipt. Even after the Salesmen told (I know his name) the parts manager he personally sat with the mechanic for a half hour trying patiently to put on the wrong screen. Even with lifetime warranty written all over my trailer they wanted to charge me for service $125.00 per hour for labor. That must be some sort of trick. For $125.00 an hour most any parts should be free! I waited three hours even with a scheduled appointment to even get told they were ready to take her in. Two days later I had to force the call to get an eta on when she would be ready. Imagine if I were a full timer living full time in my RV or still doing three shows a day in three different cities a day. Fortunately, I am gifted with a little time. The service manager mentioned to do the 18 jobs I needed to be done he still had to order parts. Imagine I was sold a unit that I (The Customer) found at least 18 things to do after leaving the lot and running the unit. So, I am going to rescue my unit tomorrow and hope what they did fix after two days waiting can get me through my first trip until parts come for the rest of the job. Do you think I am a fool to take it back? It is a hard call! I’ll know tomorrow if I receive a bill or the trailer is in good shape. The tough part is, after you have been tough with service now your unit is at their mercy. I was told by a good agent I don’t take any crap from anyone. But sometimes it costs me. But those of you that are passive and just let them walk all over you take a bigger beating. With full time jobs or people that depend on their unit as a full-time vehicle you can imagine the pressure to change up vacation times or deal with time off from your job to take care of problems.
These geraniums look so beautiful in the sun that I love to sit beside them just watch them and any bees that might come along.
I wish you well in whatever way is most appropriate for you but cannot take on the extra work of writing it to you individually. Thank you for your good wishes and to those who have made me their contact. Due to long term health and eye problems I regret I can't take on any new contacts but nearly always manage to reply to your comments. Please no more than 1 invite.
My problems have been started as the school began
But I'm enjoying it!!!! :D
** Please do NOT use this photo without my permission... **
© All rights reserved to Me
p.s : COMMENT with your last pic & comment copy & paste will be delete
Freddie was thinking that sometimes nature isn't all that beautiful, but in time, all will be well with the world again.
Es gibt wahrscheinlich keine richtig schlechten 135er-Objektive – diese Brennweite bereitet seit langem konstruktiv keine Probleme mehr, so dass man auch unter den preisgünstigen sehr ordentliche Linsen findet.
Aber unter diesen nicht schlechten gibt es natürlich herausragende – und dazu zählt mit Sicherheit dieses 135er Elmarit.
Ich möchte mich hier aber nicht nochmals über die Vorzüge dieses Objektives auslassen, im Internet gibt's Informationen in Hülle und Fülle.
Nichtsdestotrotz zähle ich auschnittweise ein paar Werbeargumente für Leica-Objektive auf:
- LEICA R-Objektive zeigen schon bei voller Öffnung eine besonders große Schärfe- und Kontrastleistung.
- perfekt-neutrale Farbwiedergabe durch spezielle Maßnahmen bei der Vergütung.
- solide und dauerhafte Mechanik, z. B. Metallschneckengänge aus Aluminium- und Messingteilen.
- Ein spezieller, dünner Fettfilm sorgt dafür, daß die Leichtgängigkeit der Schneckengänge auch bei Dauereinsatz erhalten bleibt.
Bei Temperaturschwankungen scheint es aber Probleme zu geben.
Es gibt zwei Versionen des 135ers. Von 1964 bis 1968 wurden ca. 16.000 Exemplare der ersten Version hergestellt, die etwas kürzer und leichter als die zweite Serie war sowie einen anderen Linsenaufbau hatte.
Weitaus häufiger ist das 135er der 2. Version, zu der auch meines gehört. Über 50.000 sollen von 1968 bis 1998 hauptsächlich in Kanada produziert worden sein. Laut Seriennummer stammt das abgebildete Objektiv aus dem Jahr 1976.
Bemerkenswert ist das Gewicht (obwohl das nicht direkt mit der Qualität zu tun haben muss): 730 g wiegt es – das Porst-Tele (von Enna) hat 260 g und macht auch schöne Fotos. :-)
Nikon D7000
Nikkor AF-S 35mm f 1:1.8G - DX
ISO 100
1/400 s
f 1,8
Wackershofen, Baden-Württemberg, Deutschland
www.wackershofen.de/freilandmuseum/cms/front_content.php?...
Britain is the worst country in the western world for heavy drinking among professional women, according to research showing “the dark side of equality”.
A report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) shows women in this country are twice as likely to be problem drinkers if they have a good education.
Authors warned that Britain is one of the few countries in the world in which professional women appear to be drinking to keep up with men.
One in five women in England who has been to university regularly drinks too much, the report found – compared with one in ten of those with lower levels of education.
The research found that the link between high levels of education among women and hazardous drinking was stronger in this country than in any other.
One more for the road ?? Well I guess that women have just as much rite to get smashed out of their minds as men.
____________________________________
El lado oscuro de la igualdad.
Gran Bretaña es el peor país del mundo occidental por consumo excesivo de alcohol entre las mujeres profesionales, según un estudio que muestra "el lado oscuro de la igualdad".
Un informe de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) muestra que las mujeres en este país son dos veces más propensos a ser bebedores problema si tienen una buena educación.
Autores advirtió que Gran Bretaña es uno de los pocos países en el mundo en el que las mujeres profesionales parecen estar bebiendo para mantenerse al día con los hombres.
Una de cada cinco mujeres en Inglaterra que ha estado a la universidad bebe regularmente demasiado, según el informe - en comparación con uno de cada diez de los que tenían niveles más bajos de educación.
La investigación encontró que el vínculo entre los altos niveles de educación entre las mujeres y el consumo de riesgo fue más fuerte en este país que en cualquier otro.
Uno más para el camino ?? Bueno, yo supongo que las mujeres tienen tanto rito para obtener estrelló fuera de sus mentes que los hombres.