Number photos on Flickr

View allAll Photos Tagged Number

Lock number 47 by Mark Sewell

number 49 by jon jordan

Anus? by Crap Parking

1 4

He didnt drive like an arsehole though!

i will be amazed if there is a better plate than this one!

www.crap-parking.co.uk

a06 (AS-502)_v_bw_o_n (Official MSFC-MTF PAO photo, no. '67-566) by Mike Acs

2 2

“NUMBER TWO COMING IN - - The second flight version of the Saturn V second stage (S-II) is unloaded from the barge “Pearle River” upon its arrival at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Mississippi Test Facility. Weighing 86,000 pounds, the 81 1/2 foot long, 33 feet in diameter stage is shown being towed into the Stage Storage and Servicing Building for checkout and preparations for installation in an S-II stand prior to static firing in March. This is the second flight stage of the S-II to be static fired at MTF. The first S-II test at MTF arrived at the NASA Kennedy Space Center, Fla. last week.”

S-II-2 history:

history.nasa.gov/MHR-5/part-8.htm

More significantly, from the immensely readable & informative article by Andrew LePage:

“The second stage of the Saturn V was designated the S-II stage with North American Aviation as its prime contractor (which merged with Rockwell in March 1967 and subsequently with Boeing 29 years later). Unlike the S-IC and most earlier rockets, the S-II burned the high-energy combination of liquid hydrogen and LOX which yields about half again as much thrust as a like mass of more conventional propellants. With the same ten meter diameter as the S-IC stage, this stage was 24.8 meters long and carried 429 metric tons of cryogenic propellant. Its five Rocketdyne J-2 engines generated a total of about 4,450 kilonewtons of thrust in its initial versions. With a nominal burn time of 367 seconds, the S-II provided most of the energy to drive the rocket and its payload towards Earth orbit during an Apollo lunar mission with burnout occurring at a typical altitude of 185 kilometers and a speed of 6.8 kilometers per second…

…At this point, the delivery of the first two S-II stages from North American was running months behind schedule due to problems encountered during final assembly and testing. In order to keep the processing of the first pair of Saturn V rockets on track, it had been decided that the initial stacking of AS-501 would instead use a substitute – a S-II simulator designated H7-17 which had been originally constructed for handling training and test facility fit checks. The H7-17 test article basically consisted of a small diameter, load-bearing center column with S-II interfaces at either end giving the article a distinct spool-like shape. Modifications would make it suitable for use in the initial stacking and ground testing of the Saturn V…

…After being removed from AS-501 on February 13, 1967, the S-II spacer was added atop of S-IC-2 on March 29 so that stacking of AS-502 could be completed and initial testing of the second Saturn V could proceed. The S-II-2 stage finally arrived at Cape Canaveral on May 24 and, after completing an inspection of its liquid hydrogen tank for cracks on July 6, it was added to the launch vehicle on July 13 to begin the next round of preflight testing during the next six weeks. CSM-020 attached to its SLA with LTA-2R tucked inside was finally added to the stack on December 10…

…After casting off its spent first stage, the five J-2 engines of the S-II stage ignited 149.8 seconds after launch as Apollo 6 continued to accelerate towards orbit. At 184.8 seconds after launch, the LES separated since it was no longer needed to support abort options for the rest of the mission. All was going well until the 319-second mark when the fuel flow rate on engine J-2044 in the #2 position on the S-II stage suddenly increased at the same time its thrust decreased. Following a spike in the engine bay temperature, engine #2 shut down after running for 263.8 seconds out of a planned 368.8-second burn. Although it was showing no signs of trouble, engine J-2508 in the #3 position also shutdown 1.3 seconds later. After the loss of two J-2 engines, the Saturn V guidance system did its best to cope with the situation. While never configured to deal with the loss of two J-2 engines, Apollo 6 continued its ascent. Finally, the remaining three engines of S-II-2 shutdown nine minutes and 36.3 seconds after lift off. With the three remaining engines burning for 58.8 seconds longer than planned, Apollo 6 was travelling 102.3 meters per second slower than expected due to the lower acceleration while being 436.8 kilometer farther downrange and 6.4 kilometers higher because of how the guidance system tried to cope with the unexpected situation.”

The entire article at:

www.drewexmachina.com/2018/04/04/apollo-6-the-saturn-v-th...

Credit: Drew ExMachina/Andrew LePage

Golden Number Ratio Divine Proportion Compositions Fine Art Photography Dr. Elliot McGucken : Using the Nature's Golden Cut to Exalt Nature Photography! by 45SURF Hero's Odyssey Mythology Photography

Golden Number Ratio Divine Proportion Compositions Fine Art Photography Dr. Elliot McGucken : Using the Nature's Golden Cut to Exalt Nature Photography!

Join my golden ratio groups!

www.facebook.com/goldennumberratio/

www.facebook.com/groups/1401714589947057/

instagram.com/goldennumberratio

Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Landscape & Nature Photography

New book page!

www.facebook.com/epiclandscapephotography/

Epic Landscape Photography: The Mythological Principles of Fine Art Nature Photography

instagram.com/elliotmcgucken

facebook.com/mcgucken

Ansel Adams used the golden ratio in his photography too:

www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFlzAaBgsDI

www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrOUX3ZCl7I

The Fibonacci Numbers are closely related to the golden ratio, and thus they also play a prominent role in exalted natural and artistic compositions!

I'm working on a far deeper book titled The Golden Ratio Number for Photographers. :)

The famous mathematician Jacob Bernoulli wrote:

The (golden spiral) may be used as a symbol, either of fortitude and constancy in adversity, or of the human body, which after all its changes, even after death, will be restored to its exact and perfect self.

Engraved upon Jacob’s tombstone is a spiral alongside the words, "Eadem Mutata Resurgo," meaning "Though changed, I shall rise again." And so it is that within the Golden Ratio Principle, the golden harmonies rise yet again.

The golden ratio is oft known as the divine cut, the golden cut, the divine proportion, the golden number, and PHI for the name of the architect of the Parthenon Phidias. It has exalted classical art on down through the millennia and it can exalt your art too!

Ask me anything about the golden ratio! :) I will do my best to answer!!

Enjoy my Fine Art Ballet instagram too!

instagram.com/fineartballet

Dr. Elliot McGucken's Golden Ratio Principle: The Golden Number Ratio Principle: Dr. E’s Golden Ratio Principle: The golden ratio exalts beauty because the number is a characteristic of the mathematically and physically most efficient manners of growth and distribution, on both evolutionary and purely physical levels. The golden ratio ensures that the proportions and structure of that which came before provide the proportions and structure of that which comes after. Robust, ordered growth is naturally associated with health and beauty, and thus we evolved to perceive the golden ratio harmonies as inherently beautiful, as we saw and felt their presence in all vital growth and life—in the salient features and proportions of humans and nature alike, from the distribution of our facial features and bones to the arrangements of petals, leaves, and sunflowers seeds. As ratios between Fibonacci Numbers offer the closest whole-number approximations to the golden ratio, and as seeds, cells, leaves, bones, and other physical entities appear in whole numbers, the Fibonacci Numbers oft appear in nature’s elements as “growth’s numbers.” From the dawn of time, humanity sought to salute their gods in art and temples exalting the same proportion by which all their vital sustenance and they themselves had been created—the golden ratio. the golden number, rectangle, and spiral!

www.instagram.com/goldennumberratio/

47854 cabside number by East Midlands Photography.

Winton from Peter's Hill by Durley Beachbum

5 6

Number 49 for 52 in 2017 :Travel

With some Topaz diigifiddle.

The day of the Sahara dust gloom

3491 by glennbphoto

I just noticed this number on a retail store, and checked the group to see if we were still stuck at 3490, and we were! Carry on!

Number 121 of 365 / 2013 - Pipes & Water by MarkFromAdelaide

6 11

Gumeracha Weir Over-spill, Adelaide Hills, South Australia

DSC00266 by Vanlily Chan

M字, 2磅重

Sleep Number Bed by Mike Mozart

Sleep Number Bed Store, Manchester, CT 7/2014, by Mike Mozart of TheToyChannel and JeepersMedia on YouTube.

Out numbered by Jim

Number crunching (lock) by Brett Jordan

2600 x 2600 pixel image designed to work as wallpaper on most iOS devices.

Typeface: Garibaldi

Johnny Kitties: Celebrating Johnny Depp Film 49. Mortdecai (2015) [May 31, 2015] by Melissa Connolly

"Mortdecai is very unique and special. It's very different from anything I have done before. We haven't seen that type of caper movie for a number of years. If you go back and watch movies, like The Pink Panther or some of the wonderful French films with Louis de Funes, there's really something great about those caper films that teeter toward farcical. – Johnny Depp on Mortdecai

Who is Mortdecai?

Based on the novel Don't Point That Thing at Me by Kyril Bunfiglioli, Mortdecai stars Johnny Depp as an aristocratic art dealer, who is drowning in debt and denial. When his old friend and rival, Inspector Martland (Ewan McGregor), ropes him into helping to search for a stolen painting, he becomes bogged down by Russians, a terrorist, and other troubling inconveniences. With a beautiful but unhappy wife (Gwyneth Paltrow) at home, Charlie Mortdecai at least still has his trusty man servant Jock (Paul Bettany) always nearby to take care of everything. But will everything turn out all right in the end?

I tried to tame my anticipation.

Ewan McGregor has always been one of my favorite actors, but – unlike my Johnny Experience – I'm not sure how or when my love for Ewan McGregor began. I don't always know what movies he'll be in or when they're coming out, but I see them all. I love catching him on talk shows, but I never think to check for his name on the schedules ahead of time. I've even read his books about his motorcycle trips around the world, and I don't even like motorcycles.

So, when I found out that Ewan McGregor signed on to co-star in Mortdecai with Johnny, I was thrilled. Then, when the Mortdecai previews came out, they made me laugh out loud. I was really excited about the director, David Koepp, who directed Johnny in Secret Window, and the rest of the cast, which included Paul Bettany, Gwyneth Paltrow, Olivia Munn, and Jeff Goldblum. Then, one day, it occurred to me that I was setting this thing up for failure: No pressure, everyone, I just want this to be the best movie ever.

So, I went back to trying to ignore it was happening. It wasn't too hard because I was distracted by an endless string of colds that I was trying to expel from my body with Sudafed and sleep.

There's a first time for everything.

By the time Mortdecai opened, my most recent persistent cold had dragged my mood back down to blahville, and I kept putting off seeing Mortdecai during opening weekend. Because I was indecisive about when I had to leave my apartment, I ended up scanning the theater schedules on Fandango, where I couldn't help being shocked by Mortdecai's cumulative critics' score of 12 out of 100. So I did what I never do – looked at what critics had to say. I didn't actually read the reviews, but saw some short, memorable takeaways, like:

– "Charmless, mirthless, witless, this waste of time is another black mark on Depp's card, while his co-stars fare little better. Even low expectations won't help you here."

– "Mortdecai is an anachronistic mess that never succeeds..."

–"What a frantically dull spectacle this vanity project is."

– "Johnny Depp's done so much for us over the years; let's forget this movie ever happened." (I don't think this one was from Fandango, but it's my favorite.)

Come on, it can't be that bad, I thought. Yet, by the time I got out of the house to see Mortdecai that Sunday afternoon, I approached it like an errand.

And I hated it! I couldn't believe how much I hated it so immediately. I sat, stunned and annoyed by Johnny's wimpy character, pleading in my head to him to talk normally and slower and just be more Johnny-like. When that didn't work, I searched frantically for something good to say about Mortdecai. What about his co-stars, the sets, the direction, and the story? What was even going on in this story? I couldn't follow it. Why were the jokes so stupid? How many times were they going to refer to that horrible mustache? I finished my popcorn and began falling asleep – another troubling first. In the theater, though, one person kept me awake: A big black guy, who sat a few rows in front of me, cracked up at everything! Does that guy represent the audience for this movie?, I wondered. I left the theater bewildered, disappointed, and very panicked that I got nothing out of what I just saw; did this mean the end of Johnny Kitties?

"Johnny doesn't have to make awesome movies every time," my dad said when I told him my horrible news. But he does and he has, I disagreed unreasonably in my head. Clearly, I was under the influence of nagging illness, Sudafed, and mean critics when I first saw Mortdecai. (My advice to everyone is don't read reviews before seeing a movie and make up your own mind.) Still, I worried while waiting for the movie to be released on DVD. What if, after my cold is gone, Mortdecai is still completely awful?

Relax, I'm over it.

I may have been recovering from something still when Mortdecai arrived from Netflix. I had to restart it a few times because I kept falling asleep. Maybe it was leftover trauma from my first viewing, my fear of a second reaction, or maybe I was just really tired. My unplanned naps were a good thing: the more times I had to start the movie over to watch it again, the funnier it got. It turns out that I actually like Mortdecai after all!

Still, this isn't my favorite of Johnny's roles. His accent, which didn't bother me at all in the commercials, sometimes gets on my nerves after a while; other times, I can't even understand what he says. Also, this character bumbles around a lot. When trouble brews, he just asks his man servant what he should do and waits around for someone else to fix his situation. This helplessness takes me out of the movie at times because, obviously, Johnny can take care of himself. In some moments, I just want him to be cooler, as I know Johnny can be. Johnny's above some of this movie's humor, in my opinion, which I just don't always find funny or clever. Maybe I'll get there after more viewings.

In any case, Johnny explained himself in a DVD featurette, which helped me appreciate everything about Mortdecai more. Someone gave him the book that Mortdecai is based on, which he describes as "one of those books that makes you laugh out loud. It's just so beautifully irreverent and insane, but it's one of those stories, you're thinking, it translates to cinema only if you go to the extreme." He describes his character as pure and honest, someone who never thinks about what others are thinking. Charlie Mortdecai always assumes things will work out, despite whatever chaos is surrounding him, and whatever he says he believes to be true. Knowing that, I found everything about this character funnier and even a little endearing. Maybe I need to read the book for a full understanding.

By the fourth and final time I restarted and watched Mortdecai, I found plenty to like about it. Before the movie came out, everyone involved was comparing it to The Pink Panther movies,directed by Blake Edwards and starring Peter Sellers. Comparing this or any new movie to any classic, like The Pink Panther, is not a good idea; why put that standard in people's heads? However, I know why they all made the comparison, even if it's an unequal match. I see what they were going for with the performances and David Koepp's slick direction. From the opening credits on, you get the light-hearted, comedic feel for what's to come.

Johnny's performance may be distracting in some moments, but it's brilliant in others. The rest of the cast is wonderful too. My favorite is Paul Whitehouse – who's shown up in several of Johnny's movies, like Finding Neverland, Alice in Wonderland, and Corpse Bride. His brief appearance here as Spinoza makes me laugh out loud every time. I'm also happy to see Olivia Munn in this movie because she always makes me laugh too. Paul Bettany, who previously co-starred with Johnny in The Tourist and Transcendence, makes an impressive, funny tough guy. Gwyneth Paltrow is great, as usual (and in an equally great wardrobe), and Ewan McGregor is, of course, awesome.

Timing is everything in this movie, and this cast not only gets it right but seemed to have a blast working on it. "It's the most fun I've ever had on set," Johnny says. His kissing scene with Gwyneth Paltrow, in which she's too repulsed by his new mustache and which was in all of the commercials for Mortdecai, apparently took 15 or so takes because they couldn't stop laughing. "Most of my energy on set has been spent trying not to laugh," Paul Bettany admits.

These high spirits come through in the final product. I suspect they might even be contagious; as I said, I laughed more and more with each viewing. And, again, I saw some critic reviews without even trying – this time noting the DVD release – saying that Mortdecai is worth another look. But don't take their fickle word for it. I promise, Mortdecai will grow on you, so give it a chance!

These are my two favorite kitties!

I was really worried about finding something to draw for Mortdecai at first; it's one of the reasons I had to watch it four times. Since the most exciting thing about this movie to me was the prospect of Johnny and Ewan working together, I limited my options to the scenes they shared. Unfortunately, they don't have many. (They'll make up for it by working together again someday, right, casting directors?) Luckily, however, I realized eventually that one of their scenes is the key to everything.

In this scene, Inspector Martland (Comet) reveals the plot when he enlists Charlie Mortdecai (Gordon) to help him find a stolen painting. In return, his host offers him some rancid cheese. This scene not only tells you the plot, but captures Charlie Mortdecai's posh lifestyle and past, these characters and their rivalry, and even secret treasures. I stuck Jock (Norman) in there too because he really is always around to save the day.

What's next?

Johnny hears my illness-induced complaints and sinks his teeth into a serious drama, playing mobster Whitey Bulger in Black Mass. I haven't seen the previews yet and am afraid of the violence in store, but I'm very excited just the same. See it September 18th! A Johnny Kitties tribute will follow its DVD release.

To see photos from Mortdecai or other Johnny Kitties tributes, visit my original blog post (melissaconnolly.blogspot.com/2015/07/johnny-kitties-celeb...) on Melissa's Kitties or the Melissa's Kitties' Johnny Kitties page (melissaconnolly.blogspot.com/p/johnny-kitties-celebrating....) Thanks for visiting!

Water Boy by William Leonard

4 1

Gulshan is an affluent neighbourhood in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. A residential area, Gulshan is now home to a number of the city's restaurants, shopping centres, schools and members' clubs. The neighbourhood also hosts the majority of embassies and high commissions in Dhaka.

Gulshan was founded as a planned model town in 1961 with its own Pourashabha , while the neighbouring Banani Model Town was founded in 1964. Gulshan Thana was established in 1972. Gulshan Pourashabha was abolished in 1982. In 1984, Gulshan, along with Mirpur municipality, was absorbed into Dhaka.

The area was originally built with the purpose of being solely residential, however, over the years many commercial buildings have been set up.Gulshan is now a mix of a serene residential area and also a city centre with shopping malls and commercial buildings.The Gulshan city centre only consists of Gulshan,Baridhara and Banani.

375604 and 375 number 830 Victoria to Dover Priory 2K16 at Rochester by Train Photos

Southeastern's class 375 dual voltage Electrostar electric multiple unit (EMU) number 375604 comprised of coaches 67804, 74253, 74254 and 67854 works 2K16 from London Victoria to Dover Priory on 10 December 2015. Owned by and leased from Eversholt Rail Group (formerly HSBC Rail) 375604 was built by Bombardier Transportation (previously ADtranz) assembled at Litchurch Lane Works, Derby between 1999 and 2001 the traction motors, train control and communications equipment having been manufactured at Vasteras, Sweden.

According to Realtime Trains the route and timings were;

London Victoria [VIC] 6.....1034.........................1042...........................8L

Voltaire Road Junction.....1038 1/2...................1046 1/4.....................7L

Brixton [BRX]........................1040 1/2..................1049...........................8L

Denmark Hill [DMK] 2........1043 1/2/1044 1/2..NoRep/1052.............7L

Crofton Road Junction......1045 1/2...................1053 1/4.....................7L

Peckham Rye [PMR] 4.......1046.........................1053 3/4....................7L

Nunhead [NHD] 2...............1047 1/2...................1055 1/4.....................7L

Bellingham [BGM]...............1052.........................1059 3/4....................7L

Shortlands Junction...........1054 1/2...................1101 3/4......................7L

Shortlands [SRT].................1055.........................1102 1/2......................7L

Bromley South [BMS] 4.....1057/1058...............1103 1/2/1104 1/2......6L

Bickley Junction[XLY].......1100 1/2...................1107............................6L

St Mary Cray Junction.......1101 1/2.....................1108 1/4.....................6L

Swanley [SAY] 4..................1107 1/2/1108 1/2....1115 3/4/1115 3/4.......7L

Fawkham Junction ............1116...........................1123.............................7L

Sole Street [SOR] 2............1124 1/2/1125..........1135/1136...................11L

Rochester Bridge Jn..........1135 1/2....................1143.............................7L

Rochester [RTR] 3..............1137 1/2/1138 1/2....1144 1/2/1146.............7L

Chatham [CTM] 2...............1140/1141..................1147 1/2/1148 1/4.......7L

Gillingham [GLM] 3.............1144 1/2/1145 1/2....1151 1/2/1152 3/4.......7L

Rainham [RAI] 2...................1149 1/2/1150..........1156 1/2/1157.............7L

Sittingbourne [SIT] 2..........1158/1159.................1203 1/2/1204 1/4...5L

Faversham [FAV] 3.............1206 1/2/1208........1215 1/4/1216 1/2......8L

Canterbury East [CBE] 2...1219/1220 1/2.........1227 3/4/1228 3/4..8L

Shepherds Well [SPH] 2...1229 1/2...................1237............................7L

Dover Priory [DVP] 3..........1237.........................1245 1/2....................8L

Killer Number 2 by Ed.Aldridge-DeanStreetDesigns

Flow by Durley Beachbum

Number 83 for 115 Pictures in 2015: Addiction.

A friend showed me this tablet game and i was instantly hooked! Shame on me!

I feel slightly less embarrassed since a recent Horizon programme showed that this sort of thing increases memory restores broken synapses.

So, that's OK then!

China - Kashgar - Streetlife - Barber Saloon - 1bb by Manfred Sommer

Kashgar is an oasis city with an approximate population of 350,000. It is the westernmost city in China, located near the border with Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Kashgar has a rich history of over 2,000 years and served as a trading post and strategically important city on the Silk Road between China, the Middle East, and Europe. Kashgar is part of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor.

Located historically at the convergence point of widely varying cultures and empires, Kashgar has been under the rule of the Chinese, Turkic, Mongol, and Tibetan empires. The city has also been the site of an extraordinary number of battles between various groups of people on the steppes.

Now administered as a county-level unit of the People's Republic of China, Kashgar is the administrative centre of its eponymous prefecture in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region which has an area of 162,000 square kilometres and a population of approximately 3.5 million. The city's urban area covers 15 km2, though its administrative area extends over 555 km2.

NAME

The modern Chinese name is 喀什 (Kāshí), a shortened form of the longer and less-frequently used (simplified Chinese: 喀什噶尔; traditional Chinese: 喀什噶爾; pinyin: Kāshígé’ěr; Uyghur: قەشقەر‎). Ptolemy (AD 90-168), in his Geography, Chapter 15.3A, refers to Kashgar as “Kasi”. Its western and probably indigenous name is the Kāš ("rock"), to which the East Iranian -γar ("mountain"); cf. Pashto and Middle Persian gar/ġar, from Old Persian/Pahlavi girīwa ("hill; ridge (of a mountain)") was attached. Alternative historical Romanizations for "Kashgar" include Cascar and Cashgar.

Non-native names for the city, such as the old Chinese name Shule 疏勒 and Tibetan Śu-lig may have originated as an attempts to transcribe the Sanskrit name for Kashgar, Śrīkrīrāti ("fortunate hospitality")

Variant transcriptions of the official Uyghur: يېڭىشەھەر‎ include: K̂äxk̂är or Kaxgar, as well as Jangi-schahr, Kashgar Yangi Shahr, K’o-shih-ka-erh, K’o-shih-ka-erh-hsin-ch’eng, Ko-shih-ka-erh-hui-ch’eng, K’o-shih-ko-erh-hsin-ch’eng, New Kashgar, Sheleh, Shuleh, Shulen, Shu-lo, Su-lo, Su-lo-chen, Su-lo-hsien, Yangi-shaar, Yangi-shahr, Yangishar, Yéngisheher, Yengixəh̨ər and Еңишәһәр.

HISTORY

HAN DYNASTY

The earliest mention of Kashgar occurs when a Chinese Han dynasty envoy traveled the Northern Silk Road to explore lands to the west.

Another early mention of Kashgar is during the Former Han (also known as the Western Han dynasty), when in 76 BC the Chinese conquered the Xiongnu, Yutian (Khotan), Sulei (Kashgar), and a group of states in the Tarim basin almost up to the foot of the Tian Shan range.

Ptolemy speaks of Scythia beyond the Imaus, which is in a “Kasia Regio”, probably exhibiting the name from which Kashgar and Kashgaria (often applied to the district) are formed. The country’s people practised Zoroastrianism and Buddhism before the coming of Islam.

In the Book of Han, which covers the period between 125 BC and 23 AD, it is recorded that there were 1,510 households, 18,647 people and 2,000 persons able to bear arms. By the time covered by the Book of the Later Han (roughly 25 to 170 AD), it had grown to 21,000 households and had 3,000 men able to bear arms.

The Book of the Later Han provides a wealth of detail on developments in the region:

"In the period of Emperor Wu [140-87 BC], the Western Regions1 were under the control of the Interior [China]. They numbered thirty-six kingdoms. The Imperial Government established a Colonel [in charge of] Envoys there to direct and protect these countries. Emperor Xuan [73-49 BC] changed this title [in 59 BC] to Protector-General.

Emperor Yuan [40-33 BC] installed two Wuji Colonels to take charge of the agricultural garrisons on the frontiers of the king of Nearer Jushi [Turpan].

During the time of Emperor Ai [6 BC-AD 1] and Emperor Ping [AD 1-5], the principalities of the Western Regions split up and formed fifty-five kingdoms. Wang Mang, after he usurped the Throne [in AD 9], demoted and changed their kings and marquises. Following this, the Western Regions became resentful, and rebelled. They, therefore, broke off all relations with the Interior [China] and, all together, submitted to the Xiongnu again.

The Xiongnu collected oppressively heavy taxes and the kingdoms were not able to support their demands. In the middle of the Jianwu period [AD 25-56], they each [Shanshan and Yarkand in 38, and 18 kingdoms in 45], sent envoys to ask if they could submit to the Interior [China], and to express their desire for a Protector-General. Emperor Guangwu, decided that because the Empire was not yet settled [after a long period of civil war], he had no time for outside affairs, and [therefore] finally refused his consent [in AD 45].

In the meantime, the Xiongnu became weaker. The king of Suoju [Yarkand], named Xian, wiped out several kingdoms. After Xian’s death [c. AD 62], they began to attack and fight each other. Xiao Yuan [Tura], Jingjue [Cadota], Ronglu [Niya], and Qiemo [Cherchen] were annexed by Shanshan [the Lop Nur region]. Qule [south of Keriya] and Pishan [modern Pishan or Guma] were conquered and fully occupied by Yutian [Khotan]. Yuli [Fukang], Danhuan, Guhu [Dawan Cheng], and Wutanzili were destroyed by Jushi [Turpan and Jimasa]. Later these kingdoms were re-established.

During the Yongping period [AD 58-75], the Northern Xiongnu forced several countries to help them plunder the commanderies and districts of Hexi. The gates of the towns stayed shut in broad daylight."

And, more particularly in reference to Kashgar itself, is the following record:

"In the sixteenth Yongping year of Emperor Ming 73, Jian, the king of Qiuci (Kucha), attacked and killed Cheng, the king of Shule (Kashgar). Then he appointed the Qiuci (Kucha) Marquis of the Left, Douti, King of Shule (Kashgar). ‹See TfD›

In winter 73, the Han sent the Major Ban Chao who captured and bound Douti. He appointed Zhong, the son of the elder brother of Cheng, to be king of Shule (Kashgar). Zhong later rebelled. (Ban) Chao attacked and beheaded him."

THE KUSHANS

The Book of the Later Han also gives the only extant historical record of Yuezhi or Kushan involvement in the Kashgar oasis:

"During the Yuanchu period (114-120) in the reign of Emperor, the king of Shule (Kashgar), exiled his maternal uncle Chenpan to the Yuezhi (Kushans) for some offence. The king of the Yuezhi became very fond of him. Later, Anguo died without leaving a son. His mother directed the government of the kingdom. She agreed with the people of the country to put Yifu (lit. “posthumous child”), who was the son of a full younger brother of Chenpan on the throne as king of Shule (Kashgar). Chenpan heard of this and appealed to the Yuezhi (Kushan) king, saying:

"Anguo had no son. His relative (Yifu) is weak. If one wants to put on the throne a member of (Anguo’s) mother’s family, I am Yifu’s paternal uncle, it is I who should be king."

The Yuezhi (Kushans) then sent soldiers to escort him back to Shule (Kashgar). The people had previously respected and been fond of Chenpan. Besides, they dreaded the Yuezhi (Kushans). They immediately took the seal and ribbon from Yifu and went to Chenpan, and made him king. Yifu was given the title of Marquis of the town of Pangao [90 li, or 37 km, from Shule].

‹See TfD›

Then Suoju (Yarkand) continued to resist Yutian (Khotan), and put themselves under Shule (Kashgar). Thus Shule (Kashgar), became powerful and a rival to Qiuci (Kucha) and Yutian (Khotan)."

However, it was not very long before the Chinese began to reassert their authority in the region:

“In the second Yongjian year (127), during Emperor Shun’s reign, Chenpan sent an envoy to respectfully present offerings. The Emperor bestowed on Chenpan the title of Great Commandant-in-Chief for the Han. Chenxun, who was the son of his elder brother, was appointed Temporary Major of the Kingdom. ‹See TfD›

In the fifth year (130), Chenpan sent his son to serve the Emperor and, along with envoys from Dayuan (Ferghana) and Suoju (Yarkand), brought tribute and offerings.”

From an earlier part of the same text comes the following addition:

“In the first Yangjia year (132), Xu You sent the king of Shule (Kashgar), Chenpan, who with 20,000 men, attacked and defeated Yutian (Khotan). He beheaded several hundred people, and released his soldiers to plunder freely. He replaced the king [of Jumi] by installing Chengguo from the family of [the previous king] Xing, and then he returned.”[38]

Then the first passage continues:

“In the second Yangjia year (133), Chenpan again made offerings (including) a lion and zebu cattle. ‹See TfD›

Then, during Emperor Ling’s reign, in the first Jianning year, the king of Shule (Kashgar) and Commandant-in-Chief for the Han (i.e. presumably Chenpan), was shot while hunting by the youngest of his paternal uncles, Hede. Hede named himself king.

‹See TfD›

In the third year (170), Meng Tuo, the Inspector of Liangzhou, sent the Provincial Officer Ren She, commanding five hundred soldiers from Dunhuang, with the Wuji Major Cao Kuan, and Chief Clerk of the Western Regions, Zhang Yan, brought troops from Yanqi (Karashahr), Qiuci (Kucha), and the Nearer and Further States of Jushi (Turpan and Jimasa), altogether numbering more than 30,000, to punish Shule (Kashgar). They attacked the town of Zhenzhong [Arach − near Maralbashi] but, having stayed for more than forty days without being able to subdue it, they withdrew. Following this, the kings of Shule (Kashgar) killed one another repeatedly while the Imperial Government was unable to prevent it.”

THREE KINGDOMS TO THE SUI

These centuries are marked by a general silence in sources on Kashgar and the Tarim Basin.

The Weilüe, composed in the second third of the 3rd century, mentions a number of states as dependencies of Kashgar: the kingdom of Zhenzhong (Arach?), the kingdom of Suoju (Yarkand), the kingdom of Jieshi, the kingdom of Qusha, the kingdom of Xiye (Khargalik), the kingdom of Yinai (Tashkurghan), the kingdom of Manli (modern Karasul), the kingdom of Yire (Mazar − also known as Tágh Nák and Tokanak), the kingdom of Yuling, the kingdom of Juandu (‘Tax Control’ − near modern Irkeshtam), the kingdom of Xiuxiu (‘Excellent Rest Stop’ − near Karakavak), and the kingdom of Qin.

However, much of the information on the Western Regions contained in the Weilüe seems to have ended roughly about (170), near the end of Han power. So, we can’t be sure that this is a reference to the state of affairs during the Cao Wei (220-265), or whether it refers to the situation before the civil war during the Later Han when China lost touch with most foreign countries and came to be divided into three separate kingdoms.

Chapter 30 of the Records of the Three Kingdoms says that after the beginning of the Wei Dynasty (220) the states of the Western Regions did not arrive as before, except for the larger ones such as Kucha, Khotan, Kangju, Wusun, Kashgar, Yuezhi, Shanshan and Turpan, who are said to have come to present tribute every year, as in Han times.

In 270, four states from the Western Regions were said to have presented tribute: Karashahr, Turpan, Shanshan, and Kucha. Some wooden documents from Niya seem to indicate that contacts were also maintained with Kashgar and Khotan around this time.

In 422, according to the Songshu, ch. 98, the king of Shanshan, Bilong, came to the court and "the thirty-six states in the Western Regions" all swore their allegiance and presented tribute. It must be assumed that these 36 states included Kashgar.

The "Songji" of the Zizhi Tongjian records that in the 5th month of 435, nine states: Kucha, Kashgar, Wusun, Yueban, Tashkurghan, Shanshan, Karashahr, Turpan and Sute all came to the Wei court.

In 439, according to the Weishu, ch. 4A, Shanshan, Kashgar and Karashahr sent envoys to present tribute.

According to the Weishu, ch. 102, Chapter on the Western Regions, the kingdoms of Kucha, Kashgar, Wusun, Yueban, Tashkurghan, Shanshan, Karashahr, Turpan and Sute all began sending envoys to present tribute in the Taiyuan reign period (435-440).

In 453 Kashgar sent envoys to present tribute (Weishu, ch. 5), and again in 455.

An embassy sent during the reign of Wencheng Di (452-466) from the king of Kashgar presented a supposed sacred relic of the Buddha; a dress which was incombustible.

In 507 Kashgar, is said to have sent envoys in both the 9th and 10th months (Weishu, ch. 8).

In 512, Kashgar sent envoys in the 1st and 5th months. (Weishu, ch. 8).

Early in the 6th century Kashgar is included among the many territories controlled by the Yeda or Hephthalite Huns, but their empire collapsed at the onslaught of the Western Turks between 563 and 567 who then probably gained control over Kashgar and most of the states in the Tarim Basin.

TANG DYNASTY

The founding of the Tang dynasty in 618 saw the beginning of a prolonged struggle between China and the Western Turks for control of the Tarim Basin. In 635, the Tang Annals reported an emissary from the king of Kashgar to the Tang capital. In 639 there was a second emissary bringing products of Kashgar as a token of submission to the Tang state.

Buddhist scholar Xuanzang passed through Kashgar (which he referred to as Ka-sha) in 644 on his return journey from India to China. The Buddhist religion, then beginning to decay in India, was active in Kashgar. Xuanzang recorded that they flattened their babies heads, tattooed their bodies and had green eyes. He reported that Kashgar had abundant crops, fruits and flowers, wove fine woolen stuffs and rugs. Their writing system had been adapted from Indian script but their language was different from that of other countries. The inhabitants were sincere Buddhist adherents and there were some hundreds of monasteries with more than 10,000 followers, all members of the Sarvastivadin School.

At around the same era, Nestorian Christians were establishing bishoprics at Herat, Merv and Samarkand, whence they subsequently proceeded to Kashgar, and finally to China proper itself.

In 646, the Turkic Kagan asked for the hand of a Tang Chinese princess, and in return the Emperor promised Kucha, Khotan, Kashgar, Karashahr and Sarikol as a marriage gift, but this did not happen as planned.

In a series of campaigns between 652 and 658, with the help of the Uyghurs, the Chinese finally defeated the Western Turk tribes and took control of all their domains, including the Tarim Basin kingdoms. Karakhoja was annexed in 640, Karashahr during campaigns in 644 and 648, and Kucha fell in 648.

In 662 a rebellion broke out in the Western Regions and a Chinese army sent to control it was defeated by the Tibetans south of Kashgar.

After another defeat of the Tang Chinese forces in 670, the Tibetans gained control of the whole region and completely subjugated Kashgar in 676-8 and retained possession of it until 692, when the Tang dynasty regained control of all their former territories, and retained it for the next fifty years.

In 722 Kashgar sent 4,000 troops to assist the Chinese to force the "Tibetans out of "Little Bolu" or Gilgit.

In 728, the king of Kashgar was awarded a brevet by the Chinese emperor.

In 739, the Tangshu relates that the governor of the Chinese garrison in Kashgar, with the help of Ferghana, was interfering in the affairs of the Turgesh tribes as far as Talas.

In 751 the Chinese were defeated by an Arab army in the Battle of Talas. The An Lushan Rebellion led to the decline of Tang influence in Central Asia due to the fact that the Tang dynasty was forced to withdraw its troops from the region to fight An Lushan. The Tibetans cut all communication between China and the West in 766.

Soon after the Chinese pilgrim monk Wukong passed through Kashgar in 753. He again reached Kashgar on his return trip from India in 786 and mentions a Chinese deputy governor as well as the local king.

BATTLES WITH ARAB CALIPHATE

In 711, the Arabs invaded Kashgar, but did not hold the city for any length of time. Kashgar and Turkestan lent assistance to the reigning queen of Bukhara, to enable her to repel the Arabs. Although the Muslim religion from the very commencement sustained checks, it nevertheless made its weight felt upon the independent states of Turkestan to the north and east, and thus acquired a steadily growing influence. It was not, however, till the 10th century that Islam was established at Kashgar, under the Kara-Khanid Khanate.

THE TURKIC RULE

According to the 10th-century text, Hudud al-'alam, "the chiefs of Kashghar in the days of old were from the Qarluq, or from the Yaghma." The Karluks, Yaghmas and other tribes such as the Chigils formed the Karakhanids. The Karakhanid Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan converted to Islam in the 10th century and captured Kashgar. Kashgar was the capital of the Karakhanid state for a time but later the capital was moved to Balasaghun. During the latter part of the 10th century, the Muslim Karakhanids began a struggle against the Buddhist Kingdom of Khotan, and the Khotanese defeated the Karakhanids and captured Kashgar in 970. Chinese sources recorded the king of Khotan offering to send them a dancing elephant captured from Kashgar. Later in 1006, the Karakhanids of Kashgar under Yusuf Kadr Khan conquered Khotan.

The Karakhanid Khanate however was beset with internal strife, and the khanate split into two, the Eastern and Western Karakhanid Khanates, with Kashgar falling within the domain of the Eastern Karakhanid state. In 1089, the Western Karakhanids fell under the control of the Seljuks, but the Eastern Karakhanids was for the most part independent.

Both the Karakhanid states were defeated in the 12th century by the Kara-Khitans who captured Balasaghun, however Karakhanid rule continued in Kashgar under the suzerainty of the Kara-Khitans. The Kara-Khitan rulers followed a policy of religious tolerance, Islamic religious life continued uninterrupted and Kashgar was also a Nestorian metropolitan see. The last Karakhanid of Kashgar was killed in a revolt in 1211 by the city's notables. Kuchlug, a usurper of the throne of the Kara-Khitans, then attacked Kashgar which finally surrendered in 1214.

THE MONGOLS

The Kara-Khitai in their turn were swept away in 1219 by Genghis Khan. After his death, Kashgar came under the rule of the Chagatai Khans. Marco Polo visited the city, which he calls Cascar, about 1273-4 and recorded the presence of numerous Nestorian Christians, who had their own churches. Later In the 14th century, a Chagataid khan Tughluq Timur converted to Islam, and Islamic tradition began to reassert its ascendancy.

In 1389−1390 Tamerlane ravaged Kashgar, Andijan and the intervening country. Kashgar endured a troubled time, and in 1514, on the invasion of the Khan Sultan Said, was destroyed by Mirza Ababakar, who with the aid of ten thousand men built a new fort with massive defences higher up on the banks of the Tuman river. The dynasty of the Chagatai Khans collapsed in 1572 with the division of the country among rival factions; soon after, two powerful Khoja factions, the White and Black Mountaineers (Ak Taghliq or Afaqi, and Kara Taghliq or Ishaqi), arose whose differences and war-making gestures, with the intermittent episode of the Oirats of Dzungaria, make up much of recorded history in Kashgar until 1759. The Dzungar Khanate conquered Kashgar and set up the Khoja as their puppet rulers.

QING CONQUEST

The Qing dynasty defeated the Dzungar Khanate during the Ten Great Campaigns and took control of Kashgar in 1759. The conquerors consolidated their authority by settling other ethnics emigrants in the vicinity of a Manchu garrison.

Rumours flew around Central Asia that the Qing planned to launch expeditions towards Transoxiana and Samarkand, the chiefs of which sought assistance from the Afghan king Ahmed Shah Abdali. The alleged expedition never happened so Ahmad Shah withdrew his forces from Kokand. He also dispatched an ambassador to Beijing to discuss the situation of the Afaqi Khojas, but the representative was not well received, and Ahmed Shah was too busy fighting off the Sikhs to attempt to enforce his demands through arms.

The Qing continued to hold Kashgar with occasional interruptions during the Afaqi Khoja revolts. One of the most serious of these occurred in 1827, when the city was taken by Jahanghir Khoja; Chang-lung, however, the Qing general of Ili, regained possession of Kashgar and the other rebellious cities in 1828.

The Kokand Khanate raided Kashgar several times. A revolt in 1829 under Mahommed Ali Khan and Yusuf, brother of Jahanghir resulted in the concession of several important trade privileges to the Muslims of the district of Altishahr (the "six cities"), as it was then called.

The area enjoyed relative calm until 1846 under the rule of Zahir-ud-din, the local Uyghur governor, but in that year a new Khoja revolt under Kath Tora led to his accession as the authoritarian ruler of the city. However, his reign was brief—at the end of seventy-five days, on the approach of the Chinese, he fled back to Khokand amid the jeers of the inhabitants. The last of the Khoja revolts (1857) was of about equal duration, and took place under Wali-Khan, who murdered the well-known traveler Adolf Schlagintweit.

1862 CHINESE HUI REVOLT

The great Dungan revolt (1862–1877) involved insurrection among various Muslim ethnic groups. It broke out in 1862 in Gansu then spread rapidly to Dzungaria and through the line of towns in the Tarim Basin.

Dungan troops based in Yarkand rose and in August 1864 massacred some seven thousand Chinese and their Manchu commander. The inhabitants of Kashgar, rising in their turn against their masters, invoked the aid of Sadik Beg, a Kyrgyz chief, who was reinforced by Buzurg Khan, the heir of Jahanghir Khoja, and his general Yakub Beg. The latter men were dispatched at Sadik’s request by the ruler of Khokand to raise what troops they could to aid his Muslim friends in Kashgar.

Sadik Beg soon repented of having asked for a Khoja, and eventually marched against Kashgar, which by this time had succumbed to Buzurg Khan and Yakub Beg, but was defeated and driven back to Khokand. Buzurg Khan delivered himself up to indolence and debauchery, but Yakub Beg, with singular energy and perseverance, made himself master of Yangi Shahr, Yangi-Hissar, Yarkand and other towns, and eventually became sole master of the country, Buzurg Khan proving himself totally unfit for the post of ruler.

With the overthrow of Chinese rule in 1865 by Yakub Beg (1820–1877), the manufacturing industries of Kashgar are supposed to have declined.

Yaqub Beg entered into relations and signed treaties with the Russian Empire and the British Empire, but when he tried to get their support against China, he failed.

Kashgar and the other cities of the Tarim Basin remained under Yakub Beg’s rule until May 1877, when he died at Korla. Thereafter Kashgaria was reconquered by the forces of the Qing general Zuo Zongtang during the Qing reconquest of Xinjiang.

QING RULE

There were eras in Xinjiang's history where intermarriage was common, "laxity" which set upon Uyghur women led them to marry Chinese men and not wear the veil in the period after Yaqub Beg's rule ended, it is also believed by Uyghurs that some Uyghurs have Han Chinese ancestry from historical intermarriage, such as those living in Turpan.

Even though Muslim women are forbidden to marry non-Muslims in Islamic law, from 1880-1949 it was frequently violated in Xinjiang since Chinese men married Muslim Turki (Uyghur) women, a reason suggested by foriengers that it was due to the women being poor, while the Turki women who married Chinese were labelled as whores by the Turki community, these marriages were illegitimate according to Islamic law but the women obtained benefits from marrying Chinese men since the Chinese defended them from Islamic authorities so the women were not subjected to the tax on prostitution and were able to save their income for themselves. Chinese men gave their Turki wives privileges which Turki men's wives did not have, since the wives of Chinese did not have to wear a veil and a Chinese man in Kashgar once beat a mullah who tried to force his Turki Kashgari wife to veil. The Turki women also benefited in that they were not subjected to any legal binding to their Chinese husbands so they could make their Chinese husbands provide them with as much their money as she wanted for her relatives and herself since otherwise the women could just leave, and the property of Chinese men was left to their Turki wives after they died. Turki women considered Turki men to be inferior husbands to Chinese and Hindus. Because they were viewed as "impure", Islamic cemeteries banned the Turki wives of Chinese men from being buried within them, the Turki women got around this problem by giving shrines donations and buying a grave in other towns. Besides Chinese men, other men such as Hindus, Armenians, Jews, Russians, and Badakhshanis intermarried with local Turki women. The local society accepted the Turki women and Chinese men's mixed offspring as their own people despite the marriages being in violation of Islamic law. Turki women also conducted temporary marriages with Chinese men such as Chinese soldiers temporarily stationed around them as soldiers for tours of duty, after which the Chinese men returned to their own cities, with the Chinese men selling their mixed daughters with the Turki women to his comrades, taking their sons with them if they could afford it but leaving them if they couldn't, and selling their temporary Turki wife to a comrade or leaving her behind.

An anti-Russian uproar broke out when Russian customs officials, 3 Cossacks and a Russian courier invited local Turki (Uyghur) prostitutes to a party in January 1902 in Kashgar, this caused a massive brawl by the inflamed local Turki Muslim populace against the Russians on the pretense of protecting Muslim women because there was anti-Russian sentiment being built up, even though morality was not strict in Kashgar, the local Turki Muslims violently clashed with the Russians before they were dispersed by guards, the Chinese sought to end to tensions to prevent the Russians from building up a pretext to invade.

After the riot, the Russians sent troops to Sarikol in Tashkurghan and demanded that the Sarikol postal services be placed under Russian supervision, the locals of Sarikol believed that the Russians would seize the entire district from the Chinese and send more soldiers even after the Russians tried to negotiate with the Begs of Sarikol and sway them to their side, they failed since the Sarikoli officials and authorities demanded in a petition to the Amban of Yarkand that they be evacuated to Yarkand to avoid being harassed by the Russians and objected to the Russian presence in Sarikol, the Sarikolis did not believe the Russian claim that they would leave them alone and only involved themselves in the mail service.

Many of the young Kashgari women were most attractive in appearance, and some of the little girls quite lovely, their plaits of long hair falling from under a jaunty little embroidered cap, their big dark eyes, flashing teeth and piquant olive faces reminding me of Italian or Spanish children. One most beautiful boy stands out in my memory. He was clad in a new shirt and trousers of flowered pink, his crimson velvet cap embroidered with gold, and as he smiled and salaamed to us I thought he looked like a fairy prince. The women wear their hair in two or five plaits much thickened and lengthened by the addition of yak's hair, but the children in several tiny plaits.

The peasants are fairly well off, as the soil is rich, the abundant water-supply free, and the taxation comparatively light. It was always interesting to meet them taking their live stock into market. Flocks of sheep with tiny lambs, black and white, pattered along the dusty road; here a goat followed its master like a dog, trotting behind the diminutive ass which the farmer bestrode; or boys, clad in the whity-brown native cloth, shouted incessantly at donkeys almost invisible under enormous loads of forage, or carried fowls and ducks in bunches head downwards, a sight that always made me long to come to the rescue of the luckless birds.

It was pleasant to see the women riding alone on horseback, managing their mounts to perfection. They formed a sharp contrast to their Persian sisters, who either sit behind their husbands or have their steeds led by the bridle; and instead of keeping silence in public, as is the rule for the shrouded women of Iran, these farmers' wives chaffered and haggled with the men in the bazar outside the city, transacting business with their veils thrown back.

Certainly the mullas do their best to keep the fair sex in their place, and are in the habit of beating those who show their faces in the Great Bazar. But I was told that poetic justice had lately been meted out to one of these upholders of the law of Islam, for by mistake he chastised a Kashgari woman married to a Chinaman, whereupon the irate husband set upon him with a big stick and castigated him soundly.

That a Muslim should take in marriage one of alien faith is not objected to; it is rather deemed a meritorious act thus to bring an unbeliever to the true religion. The Muslim woman, on the other hand, must not be given in marriage to a non-Muslim; such a union is regarded as the most heinous of sins. In this matter, however, compromises are sometimes made with heaven: the marriage of a Turki princess with the emperor Ch'ien-lung has already been referred to; and, when the present writer passed through Minjol (a day's journey west of Kashgar) in 1902, a Chinese with a Turki wife (? concubine) was presented to him.

FIRST EAST TURKESTAN REPUBLIC

Kashgar was the scene of continual battles from 1933 to 1934. Ma Shaowu, a Chinese Muslim, was the Tao-yin of Kashgar, and he fought against Uyghur rebels. He was joined by another Chinese Muslim general, Ma Zhancang.

BATTLE OF KASHGAR (1933)

Uighur and Kirghiz forces, led by the Bughra brothers and Tawfiq Bay, attempted to take the New City of Kashgar from Chinese Muslim troops under General Ma Zhancang. They were defeated.

Tawfiq Bey, a Syrian Arab traveler, who held the title Sayyid (descendent of prophet Muhammed) and arrived at Kashgar on August 26, 1933, was shot in the stomach by the Chinese Muslim troops in September. Previously Ma Zhancang arranged to have the Uighur leader Timur Beg killed and beheaded on August 9, 1933, displaying his head outside of Id Kah Mosque.

Han chinese troops commanded by Brigadier Yang were absorbed into Ma Zhancang's army. A number of Han chinese officers were spotted wearing the green uniforms of Ma Zhancang's unit of the 36th division, presumably they had converted to Islam.

BATTLE OF KASHGAR (1934)

The 36th division General Ma Fuyuan led a Chinese Muslim army to storm Kashgar on February 6, 1934, attacking the Uighur and Kirghiz rebels of the First East Turkestan Republic. He freed another 36th division general, Ma Zhancang, who was trapped with his Chinese Muslim and Han Chinese troops in Kashgar New City by the Uighurs and Kirghiz since May 22, 1933. In January, 1934, Ma Zhancang's Chinese Muslim troops repulsed six Uighur attacks, launched by Khoja Niyaz, who arrived at the city on January 13, 1934, inflicting massive casualties on the Uighur forces. From 2,000 to 8,000 Uighur civilians in Kashgar Old City were massacred by Tungans in February, 1934, in revenge for the Kizil massacre, after retreating of Uighur forces from the city to Yengi Hisar. The Chinese Muslim and 36th division Chief General Ma Zhongying, who arrived at Kashgar on April 7, 1934, gave a speech at Id Kah Mosque in April, reminding the Uighurs to be loyal to the Republic of China government at Nanjing. Several British citizens at the British consulate were killed or wounded by the 36th division on March 16, 1934.

PEOPLE´S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Kashgar was incorporated into the People's Republic of China in 1949. During the Cultural Revolution, one of the largest statues of Mao in China was built in Kashgar, near People's Square. In 1986, the Chinese government designated Kashgar a "city of historical and cultural significance". Kashgar and surrounding regions have been the site of Uyghur unrest since the 1990s. In 2008, two Uyghur men carried out a vehicular, IED and knife attack against police officers. In 2009, development of Kashgar's old town accelerated after the revelations of the deadly role of faulty architecture during the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Many of the old houses in the old town were built without regulation, and as a result, officials found them to be overcrowded and non-compliant with fire and earthquake codes. When the plan started, 42% of the city's residents lived in the old town. With compensation, residents of faulty buildings are being counseled to move to newer, safer buildings that will replace the historic structures in the $448 million plan, including high-rise apartments, plazas, and reproductions of ancient Islamic architecture. The European Parliament issued a resolution in 2011 calling for "culture-sensitive methods of renovation." The International Scientific Committee on Earthen Architectural Heritage (ISCEAH) has expressed concern over the demolition and reconstruction of historic buildings. ISCEAH has, additionally, urged the implementation of techniques utilized elsewhere in the world to address earthquake vulnerability.

Following the July 2009 Urumqi riots, the government focused on local economic development in an attempt to ameliorate ethnic tensions in the greater Xinjiang region. Kashgar was made into a Special Economic Zone in 2010, the first such zone in China's far west. In 2011, a spate of violence over two days killed dozens of people. By May 2012 two-thirds of the old city had been demolished, fulfilling "political as well as economic goals." In July 2014 the Imam of the Id Kah Mosque, Juma Tayir, was assassinated in Kashgar.

CLIMATE

Kashgar features a desert climate (Köppen BWk) with hot summers and cold winters, with large temperature differences between those two seasons: The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −5.3 °C in January to 25.6 °C in July, while the annual mean is 11.84 °C. Spring is long and arrives quickly, while fall is somewhat brief in comparison. Kashgar is one of the driest cities on the planet, averaging only 64 millimetres of precipitation per year. The city’s wettest month, July, only sees on average 9.1 millimetres of rain. Because of the extremely arid conditions, snowfall is rare, despite the cold winters. Records have been as low as −24.4 °C in January and up to 40.1 °C in July. The frost-free period averages 215 days. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 50% in March to 70% in September, the city receives 2,726 hours of bright sunshine annually.

DEMOGRAPHICS

Kashgar is predominately peopled by Muslim Uyghurs. Compared to Ürümqi, Xinjiang's capital and largest city, Kashgar is less industrial and has significantly fewer Han Chinese residents.

ECONOMICS AND SOCIETY

The city has a very important Sunday market. Thousands of farmers from the surrounding fertile lands come into the city to sell a wide variety of fruit and vegetables. Kashgar’s livestock market is also very lively. Silk and carpets made in Hotan are sold at bazaars, as well as local crafts, such as copper teapots and wooden jewellery boxes.

In order to boost the economy in Kashgar region, the government classified the area as the sixth Special Economic Zone of China in May 2010.

Mahmud al-Kashgari (Turkish: Kâşgarlı Mahmud) (Mahmut from Kashgar) wrote the first Turkic–Arabic Exemplary Dictionary called Divan-ı Lugat-it Türk[citation needed]

The movie The Kite Runner was filmed in Kashgar. Kashgar and the surrounding countryside stood in for Kabul and Afghanistan, since filming in Afghanistan was not possible due to safety and security reasons.

SIGHTS

Kashgar's Old City has been called "the best-preserved example of a traditional Islamic city to be found anywhere in Central Asia". It is estimated to attract more than one million tourists annually.

- Id Kah Mosque, the largest mosque in China, is located in the heart of the city.

- People's Park, the main public park in central Kashgar.

- An 18 m high statue of Mao Zedong in Kashgar is one of the few large-scale statues of Mao remaining in China.

- The tomb of Afaq Khoja in Kashgar is considered the holiest Muslim site in Xinjiang. Built in the 17th century, the tiled mausoleum 5 km northeast of the city centre also contains the tombs of five generations of his family. Abakh was a powerful ruler, controlling Khotan, Yarkand, Korla, Kucha and Aksu as well as Kashgar. Among some Uyghur Muslims, he was considered a great Saint (Aulia).

- Sunday Market in Kashgar is renowned as the biggest market in central Asia; a pivotal trading point along the Silk Road where goods have been traded for more than 2,000 years. The market is open every day but Sunday is the largest.

TRANSPORTATION

AIR

Kashgar Airport serves mainly domestic flights, the majority of them from Urumqi. The only scheduled international flights are passenger and cargo services with Pakistan's capital Islamabad.

RAIL

Kashgar has the westernmost railway station in China. It is connected to the rest of China's rail network via the Southern Xinjiang Railway, which was built in December 1999. Kashgar–Hotan Railway opened for passenger traffic in June 2011, and connected Kashgar with cities in the southern Tarim Basin including Shache (Yarkand), Yecheng (Kargilik) and Hotan. Travel time to Urumqi from Kashgar is approximately 25 hours, while travel time to Hotan is approximately ten hours.

The investigation work of a further extension of the railway line to Pakistan has begun. In November 2009, Pakistan and China agreed to set up a joint venture to do a feasibility study of the proposed rail link via the Khunjerab Pass.

Proposals for a rail connection to Osh in Kyrgyzstan have also been discussed at various levels since at least 1996.

In 2012, a standard gauge railway from Kashgar via Tajikistan and Afghanistan to Iran and beyond has been proposed.

ROAD

The Karakorum highway (KKH) links Islamabad, Pakistan with Kashgar over the Khunjerab Pass. The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor is a multibillion-dollar project was that will upgrade transport links between China and Pakistan, including the upgrades to the Karakorum highway. Bus routes exist for passenger travel south into Pakistan. Kyrgyzstan is also accessible from Kashgar, via the Torugart Pass and Irkeshtam Pass; as of summer 2007, daily bus service connects Kashgar with Bishkek’s Western Bus Terminal. Kashgar is also located on China National Highways G314 (which runs to Khunjerab Pass on the Sino−Pakistani border, and, in the opposite direction, towards Ürümqi), and G315, which runs to Xining, Qinghai from Kashgar.

WIKIPEDIA

Number 1326 STEER, Lindsay by State Records of SA

GRG26/5/4 Photographic Portraits of South Australian Soldiers, Sailors and Nurses who took part in World War One

Number 1326 STEER, Lindsay

27th Battalion

Place of birth: Wolseley

Residence: Bordertown

Died of Wounds

SRSA ref: GRG26/5/4/1326

Number 180 by Bevan Stevans

The Making of Harry Potter 29-05-2012 by Karen Roe

Creature Shop

A number of video screens here progressively show what it was like to work in the creature shop, cleverly leading you from one screen to the next.

Makeup Effects

Creature Shop artisans transformed many cast members into magical beings like goblins, werewolves and even the Dark Lord himself, using applied makeup pieces called prosthetics.

Design

The Art Department provided the Creature Shop with initial sketches and drawings of each creature and character. From there artists transformed the images into three-dimensional models called maquettes.

Moulding

Once the designs were approved, makeup appliances were sculpted to fit the performers. Models of actors' mouthes, heads, arms or entire bodies were cast which artists used to create and test new prosthetic pieces.

Application

Multiple copies of each prosthetic were made from silicone or foam. Then, makeup artists carefully glued each piece to cast members' heads and bodies, a process that took just a few minutes for Voldemort's eyebrows and up to three hours for a Gringotts goblin.

Filming

Because of the hot lights in the studio and actor movement, makeup artsits were standing by on set to touch up smeared lightning bolt scars, broken goblin ears or crooked teeth.

People the world-over have been enchanted by the Harry Potter films for nearly a decade. The wonderful special effects and amazing creatures have made this iconic series beloved to both young and old - and now, for the first time, the doors are going to be opened for everyone at the studio where it first began. You'll have the chance to go behind-the-scenes and see many things the camera never showed. From breathtakingly detailed sets to stunning costumes, props and animatronics, Warner Bros. Studio Tour London provides a unique showcase of the extraordinary British artistry, technology and talent that went into making the most successful film series of all time. Secrets will be revealed.

Warner Bros. Studio Tour London provides an amazing new opportunity to explore the magic of the Harry Potter films - the most successful film series of all time. This unique walking tour takes you behind-the-scenes and showcases a huge array of beautiful sets, costumes and props. It also reveals some closely guarded secrets, including facts about the special effects and animatronics that made these films so hugely popular all over the world.

Here are just some of the things you can expect to see and do:

- Step inside and discover the actual Great Hall.

- Explore Dumbledore’s office and discover never-before-seen treasures.

- Step onto the famous cobbles of Diagon Alley, featuring the shop fronts of Ollivanders wand shop, Flourish and Blotts, the Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes, Gringotts Wizarding Bank and Eeylops Owl Emporium.

- See iconic props from the films, including Harry’s Nimbus 2000 and Hagrid’s motorcycle.

- Learn how creatures were brought to life with green screen effects, animatronics and life-sized models.

- Rediscover other memorable sets from the film series, including the Gryffindor common room, the boys’ dormitory, Hagrid’s hut, Potion’s classroom and Professor Umbridge’s office at the Ministry of Magic.

Located just 20 miles from the heart of London at Warner Bros. Studios Leavesden, the very place where it all began and where all eight of the Harry Potter films were brought to life. The Studio Tour is accessible to everyone and promises to be a truly memorable experience - whether you’re an avid Harry Potter fan, an all-round movie buff or you just want to try something that’s a little bit different.

The tour is estimated to take approximately three hours (I was in there for 5 hours!), however, as the tour is mostly self guided, you are free to explore the attraction at your own pace. During this time you will be able to see many of the best-loved sets and exhibits from the films. Unique and precious items from the films will also be on display, alongside some exciting hands-on interactive exhibits that will make you feel like you’re actually there.

The magic also continues in the Gift Shop, which is full of exciting souvenirs and official merchandise, designed to create an everlasting memory of your day at Warner Bros. Studio Tour London.

Hogwarts Castle Model - Get a 360 degree view of the incredible, hand sculpted 1:24 scale construction that features within the Studio Tour. The Hogwarts castle model is the jewel of the Art Department having been built for the first film, Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. It took 86 artists and crew members to construct the first version which was then rebuilt and altered many times over for the next seven films. The work was so extensive that if one was to add all the man hours that have gone into building and reworking the model, it would come to over 74 years. The model was used for aerial photography, and was digitally scanned for CGI scenes.

The model, which sits at nearly 50 feet in diameter, has over 2,500 fibre optic lights that simulate lanterns and torches and even gave the illusion of students passing through hallways in the films. To show off the lighting to full effect a day-to-night cycle will take place every four minutes so you can experience its full beauty.

An amazing amount of detail went into the making of the model: all the doors are hinged, real plants are used for landscaping and miniature birds are housed in the Owlery. To make the model appear even more realistic, artists rebuilt miniature versions of the courtyards from Alnwick Castle and Durham Cathedral, where scenes from Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone were shot.

‘desert pink’ Tornado, number ZG750 by Graham Baglin1

6 1

Old Number One by Wouter Bregman

This 1974 Citroën CX 2000 is the oldest known CX in the world. Its production number is 0048.

Oswald Jones, who also bought the first DS and SM in the UK, saw this car at the Earls Court Motorshow in 1974 and bought the car.

The car is left hand drive, as there was no RHD available yet at the time.

Since a few years this car is now in the Netherlands.

ICCCR 2016, Netherlands.

Video: youtu.be/zysttFiA0yY

Little Black Number by Gemma Campbell

4 5

Crystal lent me a little black dress. I don't really like black, it doesn't show any curves. I have too few to conceal! But this doesn't look too bad.

BRN-COR 157 2019-01-26 - DSC_1502 by Lewis Day

Brown University Bears vs. (number 10) Cornell University Big Red.

January 26, 2019.

Pizzitola Sports Center (Brown University) • Providence, Rhode Island.

Cornell 42-6 Brown.

157 pounds: Adam Santoro (Cornell) decision (9-5) over Christian LaBrie (Brown).

Not to be reproduced in any format or via any platform without express written permission.

This image is taken from United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 3, Nos. 1-4, 1909 by Medical Heritage Library, Inc.

Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive

Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 3, Nos. 1-4, 1909

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1909

Language: eng

Table of Contents

Number 1

Preface vii

Special articles 1

The artificial illumination of naval vessels (a study in naval

hygiene), by J. D. Gatewood 1

A simple operation for hemorrhoids, by H. F. Hull 22

Suggested devices 25

A metal suspensory, by W. B. Grove 25

A short and accurate method of calculating the age in years and months,

by E. M. Brown 25

Card for index system to be used in preparing smooth quarterly form

"X" at recruiting stations, etc., by C. R. Keen 27

Clinical notes 29

A case of angina Ludovici, by W. S. Pugh 29

A case of Vincent's angina, by G. F. Clark 31

Rupture of the iris; two cases, by R. K. Riggs 32

Wood alcohol poisoning; 13 cases, 3 deaths, by R. A. Baehmann 33

A case of virulent chancroids, by D. C. Gather 36

A case of septicemia successfully treated with Steam's streptolytic

serum by M. F. Gates . 39

An unusual case of undescended testicle, by E. M. Brown 39

Current comment 41

United States Pharmacopeial Convention 41

Concerning extracts or abstracts for publication 4l

Measuring the height of recruits 43

Suggestions for the study of heat exhaustion 44

Perfected routine of dosage, etc., in the treatment of tuberculosis by

the administration of mercury, by B. L. Wright 46

Has the chemical examination of water practical value to the military medical

officer? by P. '.T'. Waldner 47

An aid in throat and laryngeal examinations, by E. M. Brown 50

Progress in medical sciences 51

Laboratory —An anatomical peculiarity noted in specimens of hook worm

from Culebra 51

Preliminary note on the lesions of anchylostomiasis in the intestines of

dogs, by O. J. Mink 51

Preliminary note on nematode found in the liver of a wild rat, by O.

J.Mink 52

Chemistry and pharmacy — Note on the disintegration of tablets;

influence of benzoic acid and benzoates on digestion and health: address on the

clinical examination of urine, with especial reference to estimation of urea;

determination of pepsin by the edestin test, E. W. Brown and P. J. Waldner 52

Surgery —Review of advances; the operative treatment of recent

fractures of the femoral shaft; the treatment of fractures by mobilization and massage;

has surgical treatment lessened mortality from appendicitis; when to operate

for appendicitis; diffuse septic peritonitis, due to appendicitis; local

anesthesia of a limb by venous transfusion after expulsion of blood; on

narcosis under an artificially restricted circulation; the correlation of

glands with internal secretion; improved technique for the detection of

tubercle bacilli in the urine; relief of the wounded during battle, H. C. Curl

and H. W. Smith 54

Pathology and bacteriology —On the so-called fatty degeneration of the adrenals;

three cases of squamous celled carcinoma of the gall bladder; the practical

value of the demonstration of spirochaeta pallida in the early diagnosis of

syphilis; C. 8. Butler and O. J. Mink 65

Medical zoology — Plague in ground squirrels (a review); the prevalence

and distribution of the animal parasites of man in the Philippine Islands, with

a consideration of their possible influence on the public'

health; preliminary note on a protozoan in yaws; the intestinal protozoa

of man, R. C. Holcomb • 67

Tropical medicine — Ankylostomiasis in the Tropics; bilharziasis among women

and girls in Egypt; a report of several cases with unusual symptoms caused by

contact with some unknown variety of jellyfish; the diagnosis of latent

malaria; haemolysins and antihaemolytic substances in the blood of malarial

patients, E. R. Stitt 73

General medicine —The direct inspection of the gastric mucous membrane;

toxemia from the standpoint of perverted metabolism; a rapid method of

test-meal removal, lavage, and inflation; the therapeutics of diseases which

involve the internal secretions (mercury in the treatment of tuberculosis — its

mode of action —a warning); Flexner's serum in the treatment of epidemic

cerebrospinal meningitis; vascular crises; the curative influence of extracts

of leucocytes upon infections in animals, R. M. Kennedy 77

Hygiene and sanitation —Koch's standpoint with reference to the

question of the relation between human and bovine tuberculosis; the prevention of

tuberculosis; tropical lands and white races; sanitary report of the operations

of the naval expeditionary corps (German) in southwest Africa and in east

Africa; growth and naval military service; a study in measurements of cadets at

the naval school; on growth in height of youths serving their time in the army;

the value of fencing as a sport from hygienic and ethical point* of view; on-

the significance of the ophthalmo-reaction for the army; hematuria caused by a

parasite akin to bilharzia; the complex nature of typhoid etiology and the role

played by animals and man in the spread of the typhoid group of diseases; amoebae

carriers, H. G. Beyer 90

Reports and letters 195

Annual meeting of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Alrik Hammar,

delegate 105

Report of an epidemic of typhoid on the U.S.S. Maine, by M. S.

Elliott. 106

Report of an epidemic of grippe on the U. S. S. Charleston, by M. F.

Gates. 109

Number 2

Preface vii

Special articles 111

The treatment of tuberculosis and the results observed during the year 1908

(at the United States Naval Hospital, Las Animas, Colo.), by B. L. Wright 111

Laboratory studies and observations during the year 1908 (at the United

States Naval Hospital, Las Animas, Colo.), by A. B. Clifford 114

Tonsillar hypertrophy; a menace to the service, by B. F. Jenness 120

The ice bag in the treatment of typhoid fever, by G. Tucker Smith 122

Treatment of typhoid fever by colon irrigations, by the late C. G.

Alderman 124

Suggested devices 129

Description of a pit incinerator furnace, by R. C. Holcomb 129

Clinical notes 131

Report of a case of malignant endocarditis, following chancroid, by I.

Franklin Cohn 131

A case of multiple infected wounds from bear bite, by C. C. Grieve 132

A case presenting successive liver abscesses, by H. C. Curl and H. W. Smith

134

Cerebro-spinal fever, by J. G. Field 135

Current comment 141

Gangosa in Haiti 141

Hookworm disease in recruits from the Southern States 141

Care of ears and eyes in the Japanese navy 142

The question of ear protection in the British navy 142

Report relative to a series of experiments conducted on board the U. S.

S. Ohio during target practice, with "Plasticine" for the protection

of the ear drums during heavy gun fire, by W. M. Garton 142

Hygienic rules, with particular reference to venereal prophylaxis, in

the Austro-Hungarian navy 144

Experiments with gonococcic vaccine, by W. M. Garton 145

Thyroidal enlargement among applicants for enlistment in the Northwest,

by W. A. Angwin 147

Progress in medical sciences 148

Laboratory — Sterilization of catgut, by H. W. Smith 148

Chemistry and pharmacy — Fluidglycerates, pharmaceutical and physiological

aspect; the importance and significance of the chemical examination of the

gastric contents after a test meal, with a new method for estimating the

ferment activity of the gastric contents; demonstrations of enzymes and

antienzymes; studies on the chemistry of anaphylaxis; the clinical value of

viscosity determination; the viscosity of the blood; the detection and

quantitative determination of B-oxybutyric acid in the urine; a new method for

the quantitative estimation of albumin in the urine; concerning the diagnostic

value of Cammidge crystals in pancreatic diseases, E. W. Brown and P. J.

Waldner 150

Surgery — Review of advances; cerebral decompression; operative treatment

of acute gonorrheal epididymitis; appendectomy in diffuse septic peritonitis;

concerning technique of skin grafting; treatment of hypertrophy of the prostate

by injections of alien blood; the value of the Cammidge reaction in the diagnosis

of pancreatic disease; the Cammidge reaction in experimental pancreatitis; the

syphilis case sheet; the thymus in Basedow's disease; the effect of mammalian

pituitary on tetany after parathyreoidectomy, and upon the pupil; hemorrhage in

jaundice controlled by blood transfusion; on the haematogenic origin of

purulent nephritis through the staphylococcus; the snapping hip; three cases of

liver abscess treated by aspiration and injection of quinine, H. C. Curl and H.

\V. Smith: 156

Pathology and bacteriology — Widal’s

reaction with sterilized cultures; a new medium for typhoid work; report on a

further series of blood cultures from seventy-four cases of typhoid and

paratyphoid fever; the histology of liver tissue regeneration; typhoid bacilli

and gall bladder; the occurrence and distribution of the spirochaeta pallida in

congenital syphilis; experiments on the differentiation of cholera and

cholera-like vitrios by complement fixation;

C. S. Butler and O. J. Mink 166

Medical zoology —What is "schistosoma mansoni;" pulmonary

bilharziasis; filariasis and elephantiasis in southern Luzon; the diagnosis of African

tick fever from the examination of the blood; the parasite of

Kula Azar and allied organisms; a new human nematode-strongylus gibsoni;

report of the Permanent Commission for the Suppression of Uncinariasis; on the

supposed occurrence of the filaria immitis in man, R. C. Holcomb 174

Tropical medicine —An inquiry concerning the etiology of beriberi; have

trypanosomes an ultramicroscopical stage in their life history?; atoxyl as a

curative agent in malaria, E. R. Stitt 179

General medicine —The treatment of acute inflammatory conditions by

Bier's hypertemia; treatment of tetanus with subarachnoid injections of

magnesium sulphate; the serum diagnosis of syphilis; tubercle bacilli in the

sputum; a summary of the most recently published work on the doctrine of

opsonins; experimental investigation on "simple continued fever," H.

M. Kennedy 182

Hygiene and sanitation —On the application of heat for the purification

of water with troops in the field; catarrhal icterus of eberthian origin; the epidemic

of typhoid fever on H. M. S. Regina Elena; the treatment of sweat-foot in the

army; a contribution to our knowledge of the spread of cerebro-spinal

meningitis; on book disinfection on the large scale; the etiology of impetigo

contagiosa; tuberculosis in the British army and its prevention; symptoms that

may be attributed to soldering with the oxyhydrogen

flame; tactics and the health of the army, H. G. Beyer 189

Reports and letters 203

Seventeenth annual meeting of the Association of Military Surgeons,

Manley H. Simons, delegate 203

Report and recommendations of a board of officers, convened at the navy-yard,

Mare Island, Cal., on the precautionary methods to be taken to prevent the invasion of bubonic

plague at that station 205

Number 3

Preface VII

Special articles 211

Notes on the treatment of elephantiasis by the internal administration

of tinctuia ferri cbloridi, by P. S. Rossiter 211

A few notes on syphilis, by W. J. Zalesky 215

A note on the pathology of epidemic asthma, by O. J. Mink 222

Report on sixteen cases of heat prostration, with remarks on etiology,

by A. G. Grunwell 223

Reviews 231

Liver abscess from the point of view of etiology and prophylaxis; pathology

and differential diagnosis; and treatment (3 papers), by G. B. Crow,, J. A. B.

Sinclair, and J. F. Cottle 231

Suggested devices 245

Appliances improvised on sick bay bunks, by C. M. De Valin 245

Clinical notes 247

A case of fracture of patella, with operation at sea, by N. J.

Blackwood.. 247

A case of n current nasal hemorrhage, by Raymond Spear 250

A case of traumatic pneumonia, by C. F. Sterne 252

A case of liver abscess, by M. A. Stuart 254

Current comment 255

Hospital corps efficiency report 255

Physical defects found on reexamination of recruits 255

Some observations on the berthing of enlisted men of the navy, with suggestions

for improvement, by L. W. Curtis 256

The value of a chemical examination of water, by E. R. Noyes 257

Progress in medical sciences 267

Laboratory —A method for the preparation of flat worms for study, by O.

J. Mink and A. H. Ebeling .. 267

The formalin method for the clinical estimation of ammonia in the

urine, by E. W. Brown 269

Bang's method for estimation of sugar in the urine; the Edestin method for

the estimation of pepsin in stomach contents 273

Chemistry and pharmacy — Concerning the fractional precipitation of

albumin in the spinal fluid of normal cases luetics, functional and organic nervous

diseases and their bearing upon the differential diagnosis of dementia

paralytica, tabes dorsalis, tertiary and late syphilis; quantitative determination

of several sugars in the presence of each other in diabetic urines; the butyric

reaction for syphilis in man and in the monkey; excretion of amino acids in

pregnancy and after parturition; the relation between the protein content of

the blood serum and that of serous fluids; the further separation of antitoxin

from its associated proteins in horse serum, E. W. Brown and P. J. Waldner...276-279

Surgery —The Hodgen splint; surgical anemia and resuscitation; mechanism

underlying artificial respiration; a new theory of surgical shock; carbon

dioxide snow in the treatment of augioma; bursitis subacromialis, or

periarthritis of the shoulder joint; report on the local anesthetics recommended

as substitutes for cocaine; further researches on the etiology of endemic

goiter; auto- and iso-transplantation, in dogs, of the parathyroid glandules;

partial, progressive, and complete occlusion of the aorta and other large

arteries in the dog by means of the metal band; C. F. Stokes, R. Spear, and H.

W. Smith 279-289

Pathology and bacteriology —A simple method for the diagnosis of

syphilis; differential methods for detecting the typhoid bacilli in infected

water and milk; a peculiar intralobular cirrhosis of the liver produced by the protozoal

parasite of kala azar; the pathological anatomy of atoxyl poisoning; an

observation on the fate of B. Bulgaricus in the digestive tract of a monkey; a

contribution to the pathology of the spleen; a note, on the histology of a caue

of myelomatosis with Bence-Jones protein in

the urine; a new method for the recognition of indol in media; the rapid

diagnosis of rabies (a new stain for negri bodies); C. S. Butler and O. J. Mink

289-297

Medical zoology —Anew intestinal trematodeof man; some applications of the

precipitin reaction in the diagnosis of hydatid disease; bilharzia, hematobia,

and circumcision; trichocephaliasis; R. C. Holcomb ...... 297-306

Tropical medicine — Rice and beriberi; on the etiology of ulcerative

granuloma of the pudenda; amaebic dysentery with abscess of the liver in a patient

who had never been out of England; E. R. Stitt 306-308

General medicine —The dietetic treatment of diabetes; artificial

hyperemia in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis; remarks on the treatment of

gastric ulcer by immediate feeding; present status of the tuberculin tests; T.

W. Richards S0S-315

Hygiene and sanitation — On 'a new and practical method of securing bodily

cleanliness for our men on board ship; on the heat-conducting power of linoleum

as compared to that of floors made of wood or of

betone; on the discrimination of unrecognized diseases and on a disease

of overcrowding in ships, especially at

Malta; H. G. Beyer 315-320

Reports and letters 321

Guam; reports on health and sanitation for the years 1907 and 1908, by F.

E. McCullough and G. L. Angeny. 321

Number 4

Preface vii

Special articles 335

The hospital camp at Norfolk, Va., by P. A. Lovering 335

The teaching of tropical medicine outside of the Tropics, by E. R.

Stitt 308

Ethyl chloride as a general anaesthetic, by L. W. Johnson 344

Chronic nephritis in recruits, by B. F. Jenness 347

Supplementary report on the investigation of Samoan conjunctivitis, by P.

S. Rossiter 349

Points on embalming practicable on board ship, by C. Schaffer 351

Reviews 355

Surgical shock; a review of recent literature, by H. W. Smith 355

Suggested devices 365

Installation of an X-ray apparatus on the U. S. S. Maryland, by A.

Farenholt 365

Method of fumigation of vessels at Hamburg 368

An oxygen apparatus 370

An easily constructed bunk tray, by C. M. Oman 371

Clinical notes 373

Operations upon the kidney. United States naval hospital, New York, by G.

T. Smith 373

A report on two cases of dentigerous cysts, by D. N. Carpenter 374

A case of mammary development in the male, by E. M. Brown 376

Operative treatment of epididymitis, by W. S. Pugh, Jr 376

Two cases from report of U. S. S. Hancock—1908: (1) Retinal hemorrhage,

(2) myocarditis with rupture, by P. Leach 377

A case of fracture of the skull; operation and recovery, by F. W. F.

Wieber. 378

Carron oil in the treatment of otitis media suppurativa (acuta), by R.

E. Riggs 379

Fracture of skull and gunshot wound of lung, with recovery, by W. S.

Pugh, Jr ..... 381

Two unusual appendix cases, by R. R. Richardson 382

Proctoclysis in typhoid fever, by C. F. Stokes 384

Current comment 385

Subscription price of the Bulletin 385

Note on New York Post-Graduate Medical School 385

Note on contributions to the Bulletin 385

Note on annual meeting of American Medical Association on revision of pharmacopeia

386

Note on inquiry concerning clothing in the Tropics 386

Note on publicity concerning venereal disease in California 387

Review of Gatewood's Naval Hygiene 387

Note on the work at Tay Tay 388

Medical examination of army recruits, by A. E. Peck 389

Notes on the treatment of syphilis, by W. S. Hoen 391

Views on the treatment of typhoid fever, by H. A. May 393

Progress in medical sciences 397

Laboratory —Benedict's method for the estimation of glucose in the

urine; estimation of uric acid in the urine, Folin-Schaffer; clinical method

for the estimation of uric acid, modification of the Folin-Schaffer process; test

for blood in the urine; two methods for the estimation of albumin in the urine,

by O. J. Mink and E. W. Brown 397

Chemistry and pharmacy —The excretion in urine of sugars other than

glucose; experiments and experiences, pharmacological and clinical, with

digitalis, squill, and strophanthus; a reagent for the detection of reducing

sugars; on the antagonism of alcohol to carbolic acid ; the antitoxic activity

of iodine in tuberculosis; new experiments on the physiological action of

sulphuric ether; contribution to the physiology of the glands —further

contributions on the function of the spleen as an organ of iron metabolism;

modifications in the chemical composition of the blood serum in victims of

carbon dioxide poisoning, by P. J. Waldnerand C. Schaffer 402

Pathology and bacteriology —Studies on typhoid fever; chloroform

poisoning — liver necrosis and repair; the importance of blood cultures in the

study of infections of otitic origin; the cultivation of the spirocheeta

pallidum; the cultivation of the bacillus leprae; the chemistry of the liver in

chloroform necrosis; the present status of the whooping-cough question; the

conveyance of whooping cough from man to animals by direct experiment; serology

of syphilis, by C. S. Butler and O. J. Mink 407

Medical zoology — Schistosomiasis at Bahia; contribution to the study

of schistosomiasis in Bahia, Brazil; notes on malaria and kala-azar; endemic

amoebic dysentery in New York, with a review of its istribution in North America; filaria

(microfilaria) philippinensis; the distribution of filaria in the Philippine

Islands; acariens and cancers—acariens and leprosy; necator americanus in

Ceylon; anaemia due to trichocephalus dispar; study of the protozoa of J. H.

Wright in sixteen cases of Aleppo boil, by R. C. Holcomb 411

Tropical medicine — Infantile kala-azar; on the identity of beri-beri

and epidemic dropsy; Malta fever in South Africa; leprosy in the Philippine

Islands and its treatment; the various types of plague and their clinical

manifestations, by C. S. Butler 417

Hygiene and sanitation —The means by which infectious diseases are

transmitted; a critical study of the value of the measurements of chest expansion

and lung capacity; notes on the sanitation of yellow fever and malaria; the

house fly as a disease carrier, by H. G. Beyer 419

General medicine —A study of the aural and laryngeal complications of

typhoid fever, especially as observed in hospital practice; the problem of

cancer considered from the standpoint of immunity; nine cases of typhoid fever

treated with an antiendotoxic serum, by T. W. Richards 425

Surgery —Some practical points in the application of the bismuth paste

in chronic suppurative diseases; the sequence of the pathological changes in appendiceal

peritonitis; direct blood transfusion by means of paraffin-coated glass tubes;

the use of animal membrane in producing mobility in ankylosed joints, by C. F.

Stokes and R. Spear 431

Reports and letters 489

American Medical Association, by M. F. Gates 439

Report on the Second International Conference for Revision of Nomenclature

of Diseases and Causes of Death, by F. L. Pleadwell 445

Report upon medical relief measures at Messina, Sicily, by M. Donelson.

. 449

Reports of medical relief measures at Adana, Turkey, by J. T. Miller

and L. W. McGuire 452

If you have questions concerning reproductions, please contact the Contributing Library.

Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.

Read/Download from the Internet Archive

See all images from this book

See all MHL images published in the same year

Sleep Number Bed by Mike Mozart

Sleep Number Bed Store, Manchester, CT 7/2014, by Mike Mozart of TheToyChannel and JeepersMedia on YouTube.

Number 10 BRINDAL, Sidney Gordon by State Records of SA

GRG26/5/4 Photographic Portraits of South Australian Soldiers, Sailors and Nurses who took part in World War One

Number 10 BRINDAL, Sidney Gordon

26th Field Artillery Battery, 7th Brigade, 3rd Dividion

Place of birth: St Peters

Residence: Henley Beach South

SRSA ref: GRG26/5/4/10

Salikin, Peter and Soobotin, Kathy by Nelson Museum

Item Number: TN-RENWICK4508001

Physical Description: 1 acetate negative; 7.7 x 5.7 cm

Date of Creation: October 23, 1965

Scope and Content: A colour image displaying a full-length wedding portrait of a Doukhobor couple. The groom in on the left and he is wearing a dark suit with a white shirt. The bride is on the right and is wearing a white dress, a white and pink corsage, and a traditional white headscarf. She is also wearing glasses, and her hands are clasped at her waist. Part of a beige settee can be seen on the far left of the image, and it has been intentionally cropped from the composition.

Photographer: Renwick, A.

Statement of Responsibility: Renwick's Portrait Studio Photo

Part of Fonds: Renwick's Portrait Studio

Part of Series: Acetate Negatives

Physical Condition: Good, with some surface dirt

breathe by Rob

4 2

Number 76 by generatorrr

Manarola, La Spezia - Italy

Number 1773 GROSE, John by State Records of SA

GRG26/5/4 Photographic Portraits of South Australian Soldiers, Sailors and Nurses who took part in World War One

Number 1773 GROSE, John

10th Battalion

Place of birth: Truro, SA

Residence: Angaston

Gassed in Action and Died

SRSA ref: GRG26/5/4/1773

number 2 by suzydoescakes

wiggles cake

2016-187 by biosfear

10 1

Ilford Delta 400 in a Minolta CLE

Oakland, CA

Number Please by Glen Bledsoe

7 11

This is neither HDR nor super-resolution. I did a 3x exposure but the over exposed photo was soft for some reason, so I decided to work on a single exposure. I have to credit Nik Silver Efex Pro 2 for the incredible power it has to work with tones. such fine control is hard to imagine is even possible.

Shot in the Molalla Historical Society in Molalla, Oregon

The Road To Eagle Cap by Cooper Atkinson

Must View Large!

This is a shot of Eagle Cap from the old part of the trail. This is right before we began ascending into the trees again for the last push to the Lakes Basin. We went to the left after crossing the bridge over the East Fork of the Lostine River. The trail is still in spotless condition even with a lowered number of hikers using it. I think it was a shorter and better route too.

For purchasing information, check out my profile and get your prints!

The Plan:

Ever since my 2009 trip to Eagle Cap and the Lakes Basin, I have wanted to go back. Finally my dad and I got a trip planned for the end of August 2011. It was going to be my dad, his friend Wade, and me. The plan was to drive up to the trailhead on August 25th, then camp there. On the morning of the 26th, we were to begin the hike to Mirror Lake, set up camp and relax. We would spend the night at the lake on the 26th. My dad and I were going to get up on the 27th to climb Eagle Cap while Wade relaxed and did some fishing. We would again camp at the lake on the night of the 27th. We would begin our journey out and home early on the morning of the 28th.

The Story:

Day One: It was about mid-afternoon on Thursday, August 25th, 2011 when my mom came and got me from the fairgrounds so that dad, Wade and I could begin our trip to Eagle Cap. I got home and dad and I packed up the Durango and went off to Wade’s house so he could pack his stuff in. From there, we headed off into the afternoon just like last time. This time was a little different though, because I was driving. :) I don’t know what it is, but I just love to drive everywhere. My parents hardly ever drive anymore because of me. :) We made good time and arrived in Lostine, Oregon late in the afternoon. We ate a big and delicious dinner at the Lostine Tavern and started up the road toward the trailhead. Let me tell you, that 11 miles of dirt road was just as rough as I remembered it. We arrived at the parking lot awhile after sunset, so it was getting dark fast. I scouted out a nice spot down on the East fork of the Lostine River…. Funny thing is, it was the same spot that we had intended to camp on last time… But don’t worry! This time we had the tent poles! :) We set up camp and I got a fire going… everything was a bit damp, so I had help from some lighter fluid. :) Before long, we were all tired and the fire was going out, so we hit the sack for the night.

Day Two: We were up bright and early on the 26th. It was time to begin the 7 and a half mile hike up the East fork of the Lostine River to the Lakes Basin. The hike started off pretty well. I’d say we were probably the first ones on the trail and were making good time. It seemed like no time and we were up into the meadow with Eagle Cap in our sights. We started to pass people who were on their way out. One lady we talked to had been up there for five days and she said she had had an interesting trip. She said that Wednesday night (the 24th) some massive thunderstorms had rolled in with tons of rain, lightning, thunder and howling winds. I remember that night I was at the fairgrounds and could see all the lightning to the south. It must have been quite a storm! We continued on and decided to take a lunch break at the little bridge that crosses the Lostine River, which at this point is little more than a creek. It is also at the fork of the trail. The old trail (which has big rocks and logs hastily thrown into it in attempt to keep hikers away) is to the right and the new one to the left. While eating our lunch, a group of friends from the Tri-Cities as well came up. It was a pretty cool surprise. After lunch, it was time for the final push. We decided that since we took the new trail last time, we would take the old one this time. Dad and Wade were slowing down, and I was given permission to go my own pace. So I started on up the trail and soon lost everyone behind me. It is quite something to be hiking alone down an old trail, eventually over a bunch a granite rocks, guessing where the trail goes over those rocks. I found it quite serene and enjoyable at that. It really puts life into perspective. I loved it and arrived at the lake about a half hour or so ahead of the others. I went and scouted out the camp we stayed at back in ’09 then went backwards on the trail until I met up with dad and Wade. We all went and set up camp, got the stove going and relaxed a bit. I was soon running to the outlet stream to go get water to clean. It was so clear. Not a single floater in sight. We used a UV filter and never got sick. While hanging out at camp, a forest ranger wandered into camp. He was a really nice guy. He was just making sure we were keeping our garbage and gear where it should be and making sure we had a stove and didn’t plan on have a fire close to the lake. We talked for about an hour just exchanging hiking stories and making fun of freeze dried meals. :) He soon had to move on and complete his rounds though. I then went down to the lake and broke out the camera. I love taking pictures. There are so many angles to take one from and each is so different. It is quite relaxing to me. It was soon sunset and Mirror Lake really took to its name and went glassy smooth. After the last glow faded, I went up to camp and make myself some hot chocolate and watched as the stars came out. The stars out there at 7200 feet, crystal clear night air, and no light pollution are indescribable. You really just have to see it to comprehend it. The pictures I have don’t do it justice. As night fell, I started clicking away. I did continuous shots for about 2 hours before calling it a night.

Day Three: The next morning (the 27th) was D-day. I got all set to head up the mountain early in the morning. My dad and I set off with light packs while Wade went down to the lake to try some fishing. I was feeling good with such a light load, which was still a lot more than anybody else we saw because I had four bottles of water, too many snacks and 8 or so pounds of camera gear, but it was still good for me. :) The climb up isn’t too bad. You start off with a lot of switchbacks up to the Horton Pass area where is flattens out a bit. Then you quickly start on up the back of Eagle Cap. By this point, I was ready to go for it, but dad wasn’t quite as ready. I was again given permission to go on up the mountain. I met up with a group of guys from Spokane and some of their friends from Georgia. They were a great group of guys and were moving at my pace so I climbed with them. The guy from Georgia was amazed at us crazy westerners climbing our crazy mountains. Apparently The Great Smoky Mountains aren’t very steep…. Haha I’m not a fan of much on the east coast. The Smokies failed to impress me on my visit entirely. Before long… okay, who am I kidding? It was a long haul… we summited. Let me tell you, the view from up there is incredible. You have a wonderful 360 degree view for miles and miles around. I started clicking off panoramas and everything else I felt necessary while munching on a Nature Valley bar. When my dad summited, he checked his phone to find that he had some service. So we both made calls and talked to my mom a bit. Then I decided to make a call to my girlfriend who was back in the Tri-Cities at the fair riding horses. Also, there are a ton of ground squirrels up at the summit….. They are cheap entertainment if you have a few almonds to spare. :) The hike back to camp actually wasn’t bad at all. And let me tell you, it was nice to go dip my feet in the freezing cold lake, seeing as it was in the mid 80’s or so the days we were there. It was good to be back at camp to relax again. After eating some dinner, I once again broke out the camera and spent the remaining daylight down by the lake. I was glad to have shot so many photos of the lake the previous night because the water was less smooth this time around. While I was shooting, Wade, who was about 70 feet down the shoreline from me, caught a fish. It was only about 6 or 7 inches long, but a cool catch nonetheless. When night fell, I was a little less enthusiastic about taking more night shots considering I had more than 250 of them from the previous night. But I still spent about an hour or so trying some light painting on the trees and stuff like that. After that, it was time to hit the sack.

Day Four: The next morning, the 28th, everybody was a bit slow to get up and pack up. I didn’t really want to leave such a wonderful place, but it was time to reunite with civilization. The hike out went pretty smoothly and we were back to the Durango by midday. In the daylight, the dirt road was a little more fun too. The drive home was nice and it was also great to be home. I feel that we had a very successful trip.

Taken on August 26, 2011

Nikon D90

Nikkor 18-105mm VR lens

Dolica UV filter

Exposure Bias: 0EV

Exposure: 1/800sec.

Aperture: f/8

ISO: 200

18mm

Studio Mirror by Durley Beachbum

3 1

Number 52 for 2022 Weekly Alphabet Challenge : Zone

My house is my comfort zone, and in particular the studio.

Lucky number 7 by ~Zoe~

6 26

Everyone has a lucky number, mine is 7 ... also 3 creeps in as a lottery choice and here they both are! ; )

Take your birthday, add the numbers together and then see what your number is???

e.g 27/01/ 1977 would be 2+7 + 1 +1 +9 +7+7 = 34 (3 + 4) = 7

Listening to... Seven days in sunny june

Number 126: Telephone message to Commisioner of Police regarding the Cairns riot by Queensland State Archives

Queensland State Archives Image ID DR2803

While there were a number of violent clashes between the unemployed and authorities during the Great Depression, one of the most symbolic incidents occurred at Cairns in July 1932. When Cairns City Council failed to honour its promise to provide accommodation, approximately 200 unemployed men formed a camp in Parramatta Park, venue for the annual agricultural show. As the opening of the show approached, Mayor W.A. Collins warned the squatters that they would have to vacate the site. When threats failed to have the desired effect, the city fathers organised a large vigilante force which, armed with lethal makeshift weapons, descended on a hastily-erected barricade set up by the unemployed. The vigilantes were supported by approximately 30 police, and with overwhelming numbers on their side they soon took possession of the grounds. At least 100 people, mostly unemployed, were injured  some seriously. Yet it was three of the unemployed who were convicted and imprisoned for assault. Another four were charged with the same offence and acquitted. They had in fact done little more than demand their basic rights, and the ‘Cairns Unemployment Riot’ had an important two-fold impact. On one hand it created a new militancy among the unemployed and destitute. On a more positive note, the incident encouraged local authorities elsewhere in Queensland to avoid similar violence by providing temporary accommodation for the unemployed.

Bald Eagle -immature -first year by Dave Peters

I took a large number of photographs of the family this season. I am sorting and putting the photos in their specific folders. As I work my way through the project, I'll post a few select shots.

Routemaster number 6 by James Grinter

8 2

this Routemaster was decked out for the golden jubilee of their service

2008 - Up the Hill.. by Robert Gadsdon

Heisler logging loco number 2 - ''Tuolumne'' - leaving Roaring Camp, Felton, California in August 2008.

Built in 1899 by Stearns Manufacturing Company, and the oldest example still working, Originally wood-fired, now oil-fired.

Previously owned by the West Side Lumber Company at Toulumne, and converted to standard gauge between 1947 and 1962, when it was re-converted back to 3ft gauge.. Named after the location of the previous owner..

The loco was overhauled again in 2010, and is now back in service, but is typically used at periods of high traffic volumes, as it tends to be somewhat 'temperamental'..

Still shot from HD video:

www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9R35U5EIfM&hd=1

See where this picture was taken. [?]

Prayer in the Park by Greater Manchester Police

Members of the Muslim community gathered in prayer this morning (24 September 2015) to commemorate the festival of Eid al-Adha.

The prayer took place in Alexandra Park, Moss Side.

Eid al-Adha is one of the most important festivals in Islam and is celebrated across the world.

Local police community support officers were on hand to ensure the event ran safely.

To find out more about Greater Manchester Police please visit our website. www.gmp.police.uk

You should call 101, the national non-emergency number, to report crime and other concerns that do not require an emergency response.

Always call 999 in an emergency, such as when a crime is in progress, violence is being used or threatened or where there is danger to life.

You can also call anonymously with information about crime to Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.

Crimestoppers is an independent charity who will not want your name, just your information. Your call will not be traced or recorded and you do not have to go to court or give a statement.

Boy by Gate in 1911. And the Actor Bill Shine. by pepandtim

The Postcard

A postcard bearing no studio name that was posted in Forest Hill, London S.E. The photograph is high-definition.

Forest Hill is a leafy residential area near its namesake railway station. Set in landscaped gardens with a weekly farmers’ market and outdoor summer concerts, the family-friendly Horniman Museum has an aquarium, a beloved stuffed walrus, and a musical instrument collection. At the edge of the neighbourhood, Blythe Hill Fields park has sweeping views of the city skyline.

The house number is 51; if anyone recognises exactly where is is, please leave a note.

The card was posted on Friday the the 20th. October 1911 to:

Mother Ursula,

Ursuline Convent,

Westgate-on-Sea,

Kent.

The message on the divided back of the card was as follows:

"Dear Mother Ursula,

Please accept all kind

thoughts and best wishes

for a very happy feast.

Yours sincerely,

S. & J. Gibbons & little ones".

The writer would have been referring to the Feast of St. Ursula which takes place every year on the 21st. October.

Ursuline Convent

Ursuline College (formerly Ursuline Convent School) is a Catholic secondary school located in Westgate-on-Sea, in north-east Kent. Aimed at pupils aged 11 to 19, the college is based within the Ursuline and Catholic ethos, aiding and teaching its pupils within this regime.

The school in Westgate-on-Sea was established in 1904 when a group of Ursuline Sisters fled Boulogne-sur-Mer with a number of their pupils. Although their school in Boulogne-sur-Mer had existed since 1624, laws passed in France had made it impossible for the Sisters to continue their work of Christian education in France.

Initially the school was set up as a boarding school for girls, meeting the needs of parents working in the Colonies or serving in the Forces.

The Actor Bill Shine

So what else happened on the day that the card was posted?

Well, the 20th. October 1911 marked the birth of Bill Shine.

Born Wilfred William Dennis Shine in London, Bill was a British theatre, film and television actor.

Bill was born into a family of theatre actors; his father, mother, grandmother, two uncles and an aunt had worked in theatre. His father Wilfred Shine also appeared in films during the 1920's and the 1930's.

Bill Shine made his film debut in 1929, since when he appeared in over 160 films and television series.

Towards the end of his career, he was best known for playing Inventor Black on the children's television series Super Gran.

Bill Shine's Films

Bill's films include the following:

The Flying Scotsman (1929) - Barman (uncredited)

High Seas (1929) - Minor Role (uncredited)

Under the Greenwood Tree (1929) - Leaf

The Loves of Robert Burns (1930) - (uncredited)

Harmony Heaven (1930) - Rejected Actor (uncredited)

The Last Hour (1930) - Ben

The Yellow Mask (1930) - Sunshine

These Charming People (1931) - Ulysses Wiggins

Many Waters (1931) - Registry Office Junior Clerk (uncredited)

The Bells (1931)

Money for Nothing (1932) - Minor Role (uncredited)

Verdict of the Sea (1932) - Slim

The Man from Toronto (1933) - Butcher's Delivery Boy

Waltzes from Vienna (1934) - Carl (uncredited)

The Private Life of Don Juan (1934) - Minor Role (uncredited)

My Old Dutch (1934) - Cousin 'Arry

The Scarlet Pimpernel (1934) - An Aristocrat (uncredited)

It Happened in Paris (1935) - Albert (uncredited)

Old Roses (1935) - Minor Role (uncredited)

Late Extra (1935) - Fred (uncredited)

Music Hath Charms (1935) - Minor Role (uncredited)

It's a Bet (1935) - Arthur - Citizen of Doveton (uncredited)

Blue Smoke (1935) - Ted

Gaol Break (1936)

Find the Lady (1936) - (uncredited)

Highland Fling (1936) - Lizards

To Catch a Thief (1936) - (uncredited)

Rembrandt (1936) - Minor Role (uncredited)

Sensation (1936) - Quirk

You Must Get Married (1937) - Minor Role (uncredited)

Take a Chance (1937) - Minor Role (uncredited)

The Compulsory Wife (1937) - Minor Role (uncredited)

Strange Adventures of Mr. Smith (1937) - Rodney Broadbent

Farewell Again (1937) - Cpl. Edrich

Cotton Queen (1937) - Telephone Operator (uncredited)

First Night (1937) - Minor Role (uncredited)

The Squeaker (1937) - Alfie (uncredited)

There Was a Young Man (1937) - Minor Role (uncredited)

Dinner at the Ritz (1937) - Minor Role (uncredited)

The Last Adventurers (1937) - Joe Hanson

Young and Innocent (1937) - Manager of Tom's Hat Café (uncredited)

The Green Cockatoo (1937) - Lightning (uncredited)

The Terror (1938) - (uncredited)

You're the Doctor (1938) - (uncredited)

His Lordship Goes to Press (1938)

They Drive by Night (1938) - Minor Role (uncredited)

The Villiers Diamond (1938) - Joe

Second Thoughts (1938) - Minor Role (uncredited)

Over the Moon (1939) - Minor Role (uncredited)

The Face at the Window (1939) - Pierre, Babette's Beau

Let George Do It! (1940) - Untipped Steward (uncredited)

Crook's Tour (1940) - Bit Role (uncredited)

Three Silent Men (1940) - Bystander at Accident (uncredited)

Garrison Follies (1940) - Minor Role (uncredited)

Spare a Copper (1940) - Minor Role (uncredited)

Old Bill and Son (1941) - Pub Customer (uncredited)

Inspector Hornleigh Goes To It (1941) - Hotel Porter

Turned Out Nice Again (1941) - (uncredited)

Champagne Charlie (1944) - Mogador Stage Manager

Fiddlers Three (1944) - Minor Role (uncredited)

For You Alone (1945) - Captain (uncredited)

Perfect Strangers (1945) - Webster

Wanted for Murder (1946) - Det. Ellis

Captain Boycott (1947) - Press Photographer (uncredited)

Vice Versa (1948) - Lord Gosport

The Red Shoes (1948) - Her Mate

The Winslow Boy (1948) - Fred (uncredited)

The Small Voice (1948) - Maitland

Another Shore (1948) - Bats Vere-Brown

Passport to Pimlico (1949) - Captain Willow

Private Angelo (1949) - Col. Michael

Under Capricorn (1949) - Mr. Banks

The Chiltern Hundreds (1949) - Reporter

The Woman with No Name (1950) - Major

Something in the City (1950) - Reporter

Old Mother Riley's Jungle Treasure (1950) - F / O Prang

Talk of a Million (1951) - (uncredited)

Scarlet Thread (1951) - Basil (uncredited)

The Woman's Angle (1952) - (uncredited)

Never Look Back (1952) - Willie

No Haunt for a Gentleman (1952) - Minor Role (uncredited)

Mother Riley Meets the Vampire (1952) - Mugsy's Assistant

Love's a Luxury (1952) - Clarence Mole

Hot Ice (1952)

There Was a Young Lady (1953) - Charlie, Duke of Chiddingford

Melba (1953) - Minor Role (uncredited)

Innocents in Paris (1953) - Customs Officer (uncredited)

The Clue of the Missing Ape (1953) - Henchman in Opening Sequence (uncredited)

Devil on Horseback (1954) - Minor Role (uncredited)

Knave of Hearts (1954) - Pub Barman (uncredited)

Father Brown (1954) - Minor Role (uncredited)

Knave of Hearts (1954) - Saxby

Duel in the Jungle (1954) - Bill Shine (uncredited)

Raising a Riot (1955) - Dotty (uncredited)

As Long as They're Happy (1955) - P.C. Bowker (uncredited)

Where There's a Will (1955) - Porter

John and Julie (1955) - Car Driver

The Deep Blue Sea (1955) - Golfer

The Gold Express (1955) - (uncredited)

The Adventures of Quentin Durward (1955) - Trois-Eschelles

Richard III (1955) - Beadle

An Alligator Named Daisy (1955) - Minor Role (uncredited)

Not So Dusty (1956) - Alistair

Women Without Men (1956) - Reveller

Bond of Fear (1956) - Man Hiker

Blonde Bait (1956) - Lindbergh (uncredited)

The Last Man to Hang (1956) - The Jury: Underhay

Around the World in 80 Days (1956) - Minor Role (uncredited)

The Tommy Steele Story (1957) - Minor Role (uncredited)

High Flight (1957) - Policeman

The House in the Woods (1957) - Colonel Shellaby

Blue Murder at St. Trinian's (1957) - Policeman (uncredited)

The Diplomatic Corpse (1958) - Humphrey Garrad

The Man Inside (1958) - English Husband

Blow Your Own Trumpet (1958) - Drummer (uncredited)

Make Mine a Million (1959) - Outside Broadcast Producer (uncredited)

Idol on Parade (1959) - Ticket Collector

Jack the Ripper (1959) - Lord Tom Sopwith

Left Right and Centre (1959) - Centre - Basingstoke

The Boy and the Bridge (1959) - Bridge Mechanic

Libel (1959) - The Guide

Trouble with Eve (1960) - Alonzo, Artist

The Challenge (1960) - Farm Labourer

Not a Hope in Hell (1960) - Pettigrew

The Pure Hell of St Trinian's (1960) - Usher

Double Bunk (1961) - 2nd Thames Conservancy Officer

The Rescue Squad (1963)

The Yellow Rolls-Royce (1964) - Minor Role (uncredited)

Joey Boy (1965) - Ticket Collector (uncredited)

The Great St. Trinian's Train Robbery (1966) - Minor Role (uncredited)

Bindle (One of Them Days) (1966) - Man in country pub

The Sky Bike (1967) - Wingco

Not Tonight, Darling (1971) - Captain Harrison

Burke & Hare (1971) - Landlord

The Jigsaw Man (1983) - Commissionaire

The Death of Bill Shine

Bill died at the age of 85 on the 24th. July 1997 in Kensington, London.

Number 4 Yost Writng Machine 1896 by Nesster

4 1

Number 10 by John Dalkin

4 16

Football kit seen in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Van Hool Alizee (T8 NND) by James Fletcher

Operator: Thandi Travel

Make/Model: Volvo B12B/Van Hool Alizee

Registration Number: T8 NND

History: Highland Heritage

Number 38 by donyastockton

6 1

Appeared in the All Things Considered show at the Fuller Craft Museum in Boston, MA (2011), and the NBO Show at the Bascom Gallery, Highlands, NC (2010)

St James the Great, Elmsted, Kent by Jelltex

It seems incredible to me that there are any churches in East Kent, at least parish churches, that I had yet to visit and photograph. Especially along Stone Street, which I thought that nks to churches and orchids I knew very well. And yet as I cross-referenced between John Vigar's book and the county A-Z, I saw more and more churches I had to visit.

And that brings us to Elmstead.

Elmstead is less a viallage and more a dog leg in a single track lane, and the church sits in the dog leg. Being a small place, surely it would have a small church? No, the church is large with two leat to chapels, and an extraordinary timber topped tower.

You reach Elmstone by taking tiny fork off Stone Street and following the narrowest of lanes, which has high banks and hedges both sides with few passing places. Down through woods, down steep hills crossing streams and up hills the other side, and all the while the road coated with a thick layer of mud, so that one hoped you were still on the road not having driven into a field.

In time I passed the village sign, and no missing the church, a large flint built church, and the triple gabled east end facing towards the road. Behind the tower was partially hidden, but I could already see the wooden upper part.

And it was open, and filled with much of interest, especially the stone altar in the south aisle.

---------------------------------------------

An extremely worthwhile church in remote countryside. The tower is an unusual shape, being almost twice as wide as it is deep and capped by a wooden upper storey with stumpy spire. The church consists of nave, aisles, chancel and equal length chapels. The nave is Norman: the original arch to the tower is still recognisable although a fourteenth-century replacement has been built inside it. At the same time the present arcade was built on the existing piers. In the north aisle is a medieval vestry screen, in front of which is a Norman font. There are very fine altar rails, each baluster looking like an eighteenth-century candlestick. Between the main altar and chapel is a simple thirteenth-century sedilia. The south chapel altar has a twelfth-century mensa which was discovered in the churchyard in 1956. The east window (1880) commemorates Arthur Honeywood who was killed in the Afghan war - only a dog survived and was given an award by Queen Victoria! Honeywood's ancestor, Sir John (d. 1781), is also remembered in the church by a splendid marble bust signed by Scheemakers

www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Elmsted

----------------------------------------------

Parish Church. Late Cll or C12, C13 and C14, restored in 1877. Flint

with stone dressings. Plain tile roofs. West tower, nave with north

and south aisles, south porch, chancel with north and south chapels.

West tower: C13, with late Cll or C12 base: Medieval belfry. Single

stage, but north and south sides reduce in width about half way up

with plain-tile shoulders. Large stone north-west and south-west

quoins to lower half. Diagonal south-west buttress. Shingled timber-

framed belfry jettied to west. Splay-footed octagonal spire. Two

louvred three-light trefoil-headed windows to each face of belfry.

No tower windows to north or east. Broadly-pointed plain-chamfered

lancet towards top of west face, and another to south. Taller plain-

chamfered lancet West window. Plain-chamfered pointed-arched west doorway.

Nave: south elevation: continuous with south wall of tower base. C19

traceried three-light window. South aisle: C14 possibly with late Cll

or early C12 origins. Narrow and gabled, stopping short of west end nave.

Plinthless. Buttress towards east end. C14 or early C15 pointed west window

of two cinquefoil-headed lights, with tracery of vertical bars, and hoodmould.

One straight-headed C15 or C16 south window to east of porch, with two

cinquefoil-headed lights and rectangular hoodmould. South porch: medieval,

restored in C19. Coursed knapped flint. Gabled plain-tile roof.

Window with cambered head, to each side. Crown-post roof; two outer crown

posts plain. Broadly-chamfered rectangular central crown post with broach

stops and head braces. Chamfered tie-beams. Pointed-arched plain-chamfered

inner doorway with broach stops. Unchamfered pointed-arched outer doorway.

South chancel chapel: early C14. Continuous with south aisle, but with

chamfered stone plinth and lower eaves and ridge. East end flush with

chancel. Diagonal south-east buttress. Large straight-headed south window

with three cinquefoil-headed lights and moulded hoodmould. Similar two-

light east window. Chancel: C13, probably with late Cll or C12 origins.

Slightly narrower than nave. No plinth. Two buttresses. C15 or C16

untraceried east window with cambered head, three cinquefoil-headed lights,

and hoodmould. North chancel chapel: early C14. Flush with east end

of chancel. Plinthless. Diagonal north-east buttress. C14 pointed-arched

east window with three cinquefoil-headed lights, tracery of cusped intersecting

glazing bars with trefoils and quatrefoils, and with hoodmould. Pointed-

arched C14 north window with Y tracery and trefoil, without hoodmould.

North aisle: C14. More stone mixed with flint. Continuous with north

chancel chapel, and slightly overlapping tower. Plinthless. One untraceried

C15 or C16 north window, with cambered head, three cinquefoil-headed lights,

and hoodmould. Straight-headed west window with two cinquefoil-headed

lights and hoodmould. Small blocked plain-chamfered pointed-arched north

doorway. Rainwater heads dated 1877. Interior: Structure: two-bay early

C14 south arcade to nave, with doubly plain-chamfered pointed arches and

octagonal columns with moulded capitals and bases. Two-bay C14 north

arcade, similar to south arcade, but extending further to west and with

more intricately-moulded capitals. East end of south arcade rests on

late Cll or C12 pier of large ashlar blocks on plain-chamfered plinth,

and with top heavily corbelled to south side. Footings for further structure

to east and south. Small, probably pre-C14, stone quoins to east pier

of north arcade, capped by single block from which arch springs. Doubly

plain-chamfered pointed early C14 chancel arch, springing from moulded

rectangular capitals which break forwards unusually. Plain-chamfered

piers with broach stops. Two-bay early C16 north and south arcades to

chancel, with doubly hollow-chamfered four-centred arches and octagonal

columns with moulded capitals and bases. Early C14 pointed arch between

south chancel chapel and south aisle, with plain-chamfered inner order

and slightly ovolo-moulded outer order. Moulded rectangular capitals

slightly different from chancel-arch capitals, but similarly breaking

forwards under inner order of arch, each on image corbel. Piers slightly

hollow chamfered, with cushion stops to base and undercut trefoil to tops.

Doubly plain-chamfered pointed arch between north chancel chapel and north

aisle, springing from chamfered imposts which break forwards to centre

with rounded corbel under. Low, pointed C14 tower arch, with plain-chamfered

inner order springing from moulded semi-octagonal piers, and hollow-chamfered

outer order descending to ground with cushion and broach stops. Above

arch, exposed voussoirs of taller, broader, blocked, round-headed late

Cll or C12 tower arch. Roof: C19 crown-post roof to nave and north aisle.

Chancel and north chancel chapel roofs boarded in five cants. Plastered

barrel vault to south chancel chapel. Medieval crown-post roof to south,

with three cambered plain-chamfered tie-beams, with moulded octagonal

crown posts, sous-laces and ashlar pieces. Fittings: piscina in rectangular

recess towards east end of south chancel chapel. C13 piscina in moulded

recess with trefoiled head and moulded hoodmould, towards east end of

south wall of chancel. Image corbel to north wall of north chancel chapel.

Late Cll or C12 font, low, deep, octagonal, with two panels of blind

arcading to each side, circular central pier and eight slender perimeter

columns. Small C17 altar table. Hexagonal C17 pulpit with sunk moulded

panels, strapwork, fleur-de-lys frieze, and enriched cornice. Medieval

screen, probably of domestic origin, with close-studded partition under

moulded and brattished beam, across west end of north aisle. Laudian

altar rails with turned balusters. Monuments: Cartouche on south wall

of south chancel chapel, to Sir William Honeywood, d. 1748. Monument

on same wall, to Thomas Honeywood, d. 1622; grey-painted chalk in form

of triptych. Central section has moulded and pulvinated base, scrolled

base-plate and shield, and raised and moulded inscription panel in eared

surround, flanked by Composite columns. Above it, a recessed panel

with inverted scrolls, and triangular pediment with cherubs head and

achievements. Recessed flanking sections, each carved with angel in

husked surround, and with scrolled base plate and corniced pediment

with shields. Tablet on same wall, to Mary Honeywood, d. 1708, lettered

on a shroud with gilded fringe, cherubs' heads, and shield surmounted

by urn. Brass of a lady, part of a brass to Christopher Gay, d. 1507.

Monument on north wall of north chancel chapel, to William Honeywood,

d. 1669. Black marble inscription panel in a frame which breaks forwards

twice. Each back panel eared, the outer with inverted scrolls to base

and festoon to return sides. Festooned rectangular panel flanked by

acanthus consoles and with scrolled acanthus base plate under inscription

panel. Moulded cornice over oak-leaf frieze, breaking forwards three

times. Segmental pediment with achievements over central break. Monument

by Thomas Scheemakers on same wall, to Sir John Honeywood, d. 1781.

White marble. Rectangular inscription panel, flanked by reeded pilasters

which curve out at top to form consoles under flower paterae. Shaped

base plate, also with inscription. Moulded cornice surmounted by -sarcophagus

with bust above it, against grey marble obelisk back plate. (J. Jewman,

Buildings of England Series, North-east and East Kent, 1983 edn.)

Listing NGR: TR1178645546

www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-440965-church-of-st-j...

-----------------------------------------------

ELMSTED

IS the next parish northward from Hastingligh lastdescribed, taking its name, as many other places do, which are recorded in the survey of Domesday, from the quantity of elms growing in it, elm signifying in Saxon, that tree, and stede, a place. The manor of Hastingligh claims over some part of this parish, which part is within the liberty of the duchy of Lancaster.

THIS PARISH is situated in a lonely unfrequented part of the country, above the down hills, in a healthy air. It lies mostly on high ground, having continued hill and dale throughout it. The soil is but poor, and in general chalk, and much covered with flints, especially in the dales, where some of the earth is of a reddish cast. The church stands on a hill in the middle of it, having a green, with the village near it, among which is the court-lodge: and at a small distance westward, Helchin-bouse, belonging to Sir John Honywood, but now and for some time past inhabited by the Lushingtons. Lower down in the bottom is Evington-court, in a dull ineligible situation, to which however the present Sir John Honywood has added much, and laid out some park-grounds round it. At a small distance is a small heath, called Evington-lees, with several houses round it. At the southern bounds of the parish lie Botsham, and Holt, both belonging to Sir John Honywood. At the north-east corner of it, near Stone-street, is a hamlet called Northlye, the principal farm in which belongs to Mr. Richard Warlee, gent. of Canterbury, about half a mile from which is Deane, or Dane manor-house; and still further Dowles-farm, belonging to Mr. John Rigden, of Faversham; near Stone-street is the manor of Southligh, now called Mizlings, by which name only it is now known here; and near the same street is Arundel farm, belonging to Thomas Watkinson Payler, esq. and at the southern extremity of the parish, the manor-house of Dunders, with the lands belonging to it, called the Park, formerly belonging to the Graydons, of Fordwich, of whom they were purchased, and are now the property of the right hon. Matthew Robinson Morris, lord Rokeby, who resides at Horton. There are but two small coppice woods in this parish, lying at some distance from each other, in the middle part of it.

There is a fair kept yearly in this parish on St. James's day, the 25th of July.

THE MANOR OF ELMSTED was in the year 811 bought by archbishop Wlfred, of Cenulf, king of Mercia, for the benefit of Christ-church, in Canterbury, L. S. A. which letters meant, that it should be free, and privileged with the same liberties that Adisham was, when given to that church. These privileges were, to be freed from all secular services, excepting the trinoda necessitas of repelling invasions, and the repairing of bridges and fortifications. (fn. 1)

There is no mention of this manor in the survey of Domesday, under the title of the archbishop's lands, and of those held of him by knight's service, and yet I find mention of its being held of him in several records subsequent to that time; for soon afterwards it appears to have been so held by a family who assumed their name from it, one of whom, Hamo de Elmested, held it of the archbishop, by knight's service. But they were extinct here before the middle of king Henry III,'s reign, when the Heringods were become possessed of it, as appears by the Testa de Nevil, bearing for their arms, Gules, three herrings erect, two and one, or; as they were formerly in the windows of Newington church, near Sittingborne. John de Heringod held it at his death in the 41st year of that reign. His grandson, of the same name, died in the next reign of king Edward I. without male issue, leaving three daughters his coheirs, of whom, Grace married Philip de Hardres, of Hardres, in this county; Christiana married William de Kirkby; and Jane married Thomas Burgate, of Suffolk: but he had before his death, by a deed, which bears the form of a Latin will, and, is without a date, settled this manor, with the other lands in this neighbourhood, on the former of them, Philip de Hardres, a man of eminent repute of that time, in whose successors the manor of Elmsted remained till the 13th year of King James I. when Sir Thomas Hardres sold the manor of Dane court, an appendage to this of Elmsted, in the north-east part of this parish, to Cloake, and the manor of Elmsted itself to Thomas Marsh, gent. of Canterbury, whose son ton, whose great-grandson of the same name, at his death left it to his two sons, Richard and John, the former of whom was of Faversham, and left an only daughter Elizabeth, married to Mr. James Taylor, of Rodmersham, who in right of his wife became possessed of his moiety of it, and having in 1787 purchased the other moiety of John Lushington, of Helchin, in this parish, (son of Richard above-mentioned) became possessed of the whole of this manor, and continues owner of it at this time.

THE MANOR OF DANE, now called Deane-court, above-mentioned, remained in the name of Cloake for some time afterwards, and in 1652 Mr. Samuel Cloake held it. It afterwards passed into the name of Elwes, in which it continued down to John Elwes, esq. of Marcham, in Berkshire, who died in 1789, and by will gave it to his nephew Thomas Timms, esq. the present owner of it.

THE YOKE OF EVINGTON is an estate and seat in the south-west part of this parish, over which the manor of Barton, near Canterbury, claims jurisdiction. The mansion of it, called Evington-court, was the inheritance of gentlemen of the same surname, who bore for their arms, Argent, a sess between three burganetts, or steel caps, azure; and in a book, copied out from antient deeds by William Glover, Somerset herald, afterwards in the possession of John Philipott, likewise Somerset, there was the copy of an old deed without date, in which William Fitzneal, called in Latin, Filius Nigelli, passed over some land to Ruallo de Valoigns, which is strengthened by the appendant testimony of one Robert de Evington, who was ancestor of the Evingtons, of Evington-court, of whom there is mention in the deeds of this place, both in the reigns of king Henry III. and king Edward I. After this family was extinct here, the Gays became possessed of it, a family originally descended out of France, where they were called Le Gay, and remained some time afterwards in the province of Normandy, from whence those of this name in Jersey and Guernsey descended, and from them again those of Hampshire, and one of them, before they had left off their French appellation, John le Gay, is mentioned in the leiger book of Horton priory, in this neighbourhood, as a benefactor to it. But to proceed; although Evington-court was not originally erected by the family of Gay, yet it was much improved by them with additional buildings, and in allusion to their name, both the wainscot and windows of it were adorned with nosegays. At length after the Gays, who bore for their arms, Gules, three lions rampant, argent, an orle of cross-croslets, fitchee, or. (fn. 2) had continued owners of this mansion till the beginning of the reign of king Henry VII. Humphry Gay, esq. alienated it to John Honywood, esq. of Sene, in Newington, near Hythe, and afterwards of St. Gregory's, Canterbury, where he died in 1557, and was buried in that cathedral.

The family of Honywood, antiently written Henewood, take their name from the manor of Henewood, in Postling, where they resided as early as Henry III.'s reign, when Edmund de Henewood, or Honywood, as the name was afterwards spelt, of that parish, was a liberal benefactor to the priory of Horton, and is mentioned as such in the leiger book of it. After which, as appears by their wills in the Prerogative-office, in Canterbury, they resided at Hythe, for which port several of them served in parliament, bearing for their arms, Argent, a chevron, between three hawks heads erased, azure; one of them, Thomas Honywood, died in the reign of king Edward IV. leaving a son John, by whose first wife descended the elder branch of this family, settled at Evington, and baronets; and by his second wife descended the younger branch of the Honywoods, seated at Petts, in Charing, and at Markshall, in Effex, which branch is now extinct. (fn. 3) John Honywood, esq. the eldest son of John above-mentioned, by his first wife, was the purchaser of Evington, where his grandson Sir Thomas Honywood resided. He died in 1622, and was buried at Elmsted, the burial place of this family. (fn. 4) He left by his first wife several sons and daughters; of the former, John succeeded him at Evington and Sene, and Edward was ancestor of Frazer Honywood, banker, of London, and of Malling abbey, who died s. p. in 1764. (fn. 5) Sir John Honywood, the eldest son, resided during his father's time at Sene, in Newington, and on his death removed to Evington. He served the office of sheriff in the 18th, 19th, and 20th years of king Charles I. Sir Edward Honywood, his eldest son, resided likewise at Evington, and was created a baronet on July 19, 1660. His great grandson Sir John Honywood, bart. at length in 1748, succeeded to the title and family estates, and afterwards resided at Evington, where he kept his shrievalty in 1752. On the death of his relation Frazer Honywood, esq. banker, of London, in 1764, he succeeded by his will to his seats at Malling abbey, and at Hampsted, in Middlesex, besides a large personal estate; after which he resided at times both here and at Hampsted, at which latter he died in 1781, æt. 71, and was buried with his ancestors in this church. He had been twice married; first to Annabella, daughter of William Goodenough, esq. of Langford, in Berk shire, whose issue will be mentioned hereafter; and secondly to Dorothy, daughter of Sir Edward Filmer, bart. of East Sutton, by whom he had two sons, Filmer Honywood, esq. of Marks-hall, in Essex, to which as well as other large estates in that county, and in this of Kent, he succeeded by the will of his relation Gen. Philip Honywood, and lately was M. P. for this county, and is at present unmarried; and John, late of All Souls college, Oxford, who married Miss Wake, daughter of Dr. Charles Wake, late prebendary of Westminster; and Mary, married to Willshire Emmett, esq. late of Wiarton. By his first wife Sir John Honywood had two sons and four daughters; William the eldest, was of Malling abbey, esq. and died in his father's life time, having married Elizabeth, daughter of Mr. Clack, of Wallingford, in Berkshire, by whom he had three sons and one daughter Annabella, married to R. G. D. Yate, esq of Gloucestershire; of the former, John was heir to his grandfather, and is the present baronet; William is now of Liminge, esq. and married Mary, sister of James Drake Brockman, esq. of Beechborough, and Edward married Sophia, daughter of the Rev. Mr. Long, of Suffolk. Edward, the second son, was in the army, and died without issue. The daughters were, Annabella, married to Edmund Filmer, rector of Crundal; and Thomasine, married to William Western Hugessen, esq. of Provenders, both since deceased. On Sir John Honywood's death in 1781, he was succeeded by his eldest grandson abovementioned, the present Sir John Honywood, bart. who resides at Evington, to which he has made great improvements and additions. He married Frances, one of the daughters of William, viscount Courtenay, by whom he has three daughters, Frances-Elizabeth, Charlotte-Dorothea, and Annabella-Christiana, and one son John, born in 1787. (fn. 6).

BOTTSHAM, antiently and more properly written Bodesham, is a manor in the western part of this parish. About the year 687 Swabert, king of Kent, gave among others, three plough-lands in a place called Bodesham, to Eabba, abbess of Minister, in Thanet, and in the reign of king Edward the Consessor, one Ælgeric Bigg gave another part of it to the abbey of St. Augustine, by the description of the lands called Bodesham, on condition that Wade, his knight, should possess them during his life. (fn. 7) The former of these continued in the monastery till the reign of king Canute, when it was plundered and burnt by the Danes. After which the church and lands of the monastery of Minster, and those of Bodesham among them, were granted to St. Augustine's monastery, and remained, together with those given as above-mentioned by Ælgeric Bigg, part of the possessions of it at the taking of the survey of Domesday, in which record it is thus described:

In Limowart left, in Stotinges hundred, Gaufrid holds Bodesham of the abbot. It was taxed at one suling. The arable land is two carucates, and there are, with eight borderers, wood for the pannage of fifteen hogs. In the time of king Edward the Confessor it was worth four pounds, and afterwards twenty shillings, now four pounds, A certain villein held it.

Hugh, abbot of St. Augustine, and his chapter, in the year 1110, granted to Hamo, steward of the king's houshold, this land of Bodesham, upon condition that he should, if there should be occasion, advise and assist him and his successors in any pleas brought against him by any baron, either in the county or in the king's court.

Hamo above-mentioned, whose surname was Crevequer, had come over into this kingdom with the Conqueror, and was rewarded afterwards with much land in this county, and was made sheriff of it during his life, from whence he was frequently stiled Hamo Vicecomes, or the sheriff. He lived till the middle of king Henry I.'s reign; and in his descendants it most probably remained till it came into the possession of the family of Gay, or Le Gay as they were sometimes written, owners of the yoke of Evington likewise, in which it continued till it was at length sold with it, in the beginning of Henry VII.'s reign, to Honywood, as has been fully mentioned before; in whose descendants it still remains, being now the property of Sir John Honywood, bart. of Evington.

IN THE REIGN of king Edward I. Thomas de Morines held half a knight's fee of the archbishop in Elmsted, which estate afterwards passed into the family of Haut, and in the reign of king Edward III. had acquired the name of the Manor Of Elmsted, alias SOUTHLIGH. In which family of Haut it continued down to Sir William Haut, of Bishopsborne, who lived in the reign of king Henry VIII. and left two daughters his coheirs, Elizabeth, married to Thomas Culpeper, of Bedgbury; and Jane, to Thomas Wyatt. The former of whom, in the division of their inheritance, (fn. 8) became possessed of it; from his heirs it passed by sale to Best, and from thence again to Rich. Hardres, esq. of Hardres, whose descendant Sir Tho. Hardres, possessed it in king James I.'s reign; at length, after some intermediate owners, it passed to Browning, whose descendant M. John Browning, of Yoklets, in Waltham, is the present owner of this manor.

There are no parochial charities. The poor constantly relieved are about thirty, casually seventeen.

Elmsted is within the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Elham.

The church, which is dedicated to St. James, is a handsome building, consisting of three isles and three chancels, having a low pointed wooden steeple at the west end, in which are six bells. The chancels are open, one towards the other, the spaces between the pillars not being filled up, which gives the whole a light and airy appearance. In the middle chancel, which is dedicated to St. James, are memorials for the Taylors, who intermarried with the Honywoods, and for the Lushingtons, of Helchin; one for John Cloke, gent. of Northlye, obt. 1617. In the east window is a shield of arms, first and fourth, A lion rampant, or; second, On a fess, argent, three eros-croslets; third, obliterated. In another compartment of the window is the figure of an antient man sitting, in robes lined with ermine, a large knotted staff in his left hand. The north chancel is called the parish chancel, in which is an elegant monument, of white marble, with the bust of the late Sir John Honywood, bart.(a gentleman whose worthy character is still remembered with the highest commendation and respect, by all who knew him). He died much lamented by his neighbours and the country in general in 1781; and on the pavement are numbers of gravestones for the family of Honywood and their relatives. The south chancel, dedicated to St. John, belongs to Evington, in which there are several monuments, and numbers of gravestones, the pavement being covered with them, for the Honywood family, some of which have inscriptions and figures on brasses remaining on them. Underneath this chancel is a large vault, in which the remains of the family lie deposited. On the north side of this chancel is a tomb, having had the figures on it of a man between his two wives: and at each corner a shield of arms in brass for Gay. On the capital of a pillar at the east end of this tomb is this legend, in old English letters, in gold, which have been lately repaired: Pray for the sowlys of Xtopher Gay, Agnes and Johan his wifes, ther chylder and all Xtian sowlys, on whose sowlys Jhu have mcy; by which it should seem that he was the founder, or at least the repairer of this chancel. Underneath is carved a shield of arms of Gay. In the east window are two shields of arms, of modern glass, for Honywood. In the south isle is a monument for Sir William Honywood, bart. of Evington, obt. 1748. In the middle isle are several old stones, coffin shaped. William Philpot, of Godmersham, by will anno 1475, ordered that the making of the new seats, calledle pewis, in this church, should be done at his expence, from the place where St. Christopher was painted, to the corner of the stone wall on the north side of the church.

The church of Elmsted belonged to the priory of St. Gregory, in Canterbury, perhaps part of its original endowment by archbishop Lanfranc, in the reign of the Conqueror. It was very early appropriated to it, and was confirmed to the priory by archbishop Hubert, among its other possessions, about the reign of king Richard I. at which time this church, with five acres of arable, and five acres of wood, and the chapel of Dene, appear to have been esteemed as chapels to the adjoining church of Waltham, and the appropriation of it continued part of the possessions of the priory till the dissolution of it in king Henry VIII.'s reign, when it was surrendered into the king's hands, where this appropriation remained but a small time, for an act passed that year, to enable the king and the archbishop to make an exchange of estates, by which means it became part of the revenues of the see of Canterbury, and was afterwards demised by the archbishop, among the rest of the revenues of the above-mentioned priory, which had come to him by the above-mentioned exchange, in one great lease; under which kind of demise it has continued from time to time ever since. Philip, earl of Chesterfield, as heir to the Wottons, was lessee of the above estates, in which this parsonage was included; since whose decease in 1773, his interest in the lease of them has been sold by his executors to Geo. Gipps, esq. of Canterbury, who is the present lessee, under the archbishop, for them.

But the vicarage of this church seems never to have belonged to the priory of St. Gregory, and in the 8th year of Richard II. anno 1384, appears to have been part of the possessions of the abbot of Pontiniac, at which time it was valued at four pounds. How long it staid there, I have not found; but it became afterwards part of the possessions of the see of Canterbury, and remains so at this time, his grace the archbishop being the present patron of it.

¶The vicarage of Elmsted is endowed with the tenths of hay, silva cedua, mills, heifers, calves, chicken, pigs, lambs, wool, geese, ducks, eggs, bees, honey, wax, butter, cheese, milk-meats, flax, hemp, apples, pears, swans, pidgeons, merchandise, fish, onions, fowlings, also all other small tithes or obventions whatsoever within the parish; and also with all grass of gardens or other closes, vulgarly called homestalls, although they should be at any time reduced to arable; and the tithes of all and singular feedings and pastures, even if those lands so lot for feedings and pastures should be accustomed to be ploughed, as often and whensoever they should at any time be let for the use of pasture; which portion to the vicar was then valued at twelve marcs. (fn. 9)

It is valued in the king's books at 61. 13s. 4d. It is now a discharged living, of the clear yearly certified value of forty-five pounds. In 1587 it was valued at thirty pounds, communicants one hundred and eighty. In 1640 it was valued at ninety pounds, the same number of communicants. There was an antient stipend of ten pounds, payable from the parsonage to the vicar, which was augmented with the like sum by archbishop Juxon, anno 15 Charles II. to be paid by the lessee of the parsonage; which sum of twenty pounds continues at this time to be paid yearly by the lesse. There was a yearly pension of 1l. 6s. payable from the vicar of Elmsted to the priory of St. Gregory; which still continues to be paid by him to the archbishop's lessee here.

www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-kent/vol8/pp33-45

1 2 ••• 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ••• 79 80

Tags Number

View allAll Photos Tagged Number