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Les ardoisières appelées également : Pans de Travassac.
La tradition ardoisière en Corrèze remonte au XVI siècle date à laquelle on commence à exploiter les gisements de Travassac.
. En 2002,après quelques années d’essais concluants, la carrière d’Allassac fermée depuis 1976 réouvre.
L’ardoise de Corrèze (Travassac et Allassac) bénéficie d’une réputation de qualité sans égale due à sa structure géologique. Inaltérable, résistante à la flexion, parfaitement imperméable et résistante au choc et donc à la grêle- l’ardoise de Corrèze garantie des toits plus que centenaires.
Ces ardoises trônent aussi fièrement sur des édifices célèbres comme l’abbaye de Mont st Michel.
il y a 100 ans en arrière, 250 ouvriers travaillaient sur cette carrière, maintenant, ils ne sont plus que trois. Ce sont les derniers dépositaires de ce savoir-faire ancestral, les derniers maillons d’une longue chaîne d’ardoisiers depuis 300 ans.
Petit (et modeste) exploit hier soir : La voûte de la Voie Lactée dans un magnifique paysage malgré un ciel voilé et une pollution lumineuse plus qu'intense.
Agréable instants hors du temps, caressé par une petite brise douillette
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A small (and modest) feat last night: The Milky Way bow in a magnificent landscape despite a veiled sky and intense light pollution.
A pleasant moment out of time, swept by a gentle breeze.
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_DSC9099-Panorama
I share with you another photograph of this dreamlike series of Saler Beach, located in Valencia, this time a horizontal view.
As for the technical part, it is a long exposure of 0,5 seconds, taken with two ND Filters, and some camera zooming, looking for the dynamism of the clouds and waves just at sunrise.
I hope you like it. Have a nice Thursday. :)
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Water always finds a way to exploit the weakest rock as demonstrated here. I suspect this might have been a small syncline and the sea has worn away at the cracks in the rock
L'exploitation de la marne a fait disparaître le prolongement de l'ancien Luikerweg, et la plate-forme symbolise ce prolongement à partir d'aujourd'hui. De la plate-forme, vous regardez dans la carrière et voyez les lacs avec leur couleur azur profond, causée par le reflet du ciel bleu dans les profondeurs de l'eau. Le point le plus profond de la carrière est à 5m NAP et la Meuse est à 45m NAP à cet endroit.
L'origine de cette carrière est due à ENCI (First Dutch Cement Industry). Dès 1926, l'extraction de la marne très calcaire pour l'industrie du ciment a commencé ici, au cœur de Sint Pietersberg. 900 000 tonnes de ciment y ont été produites, l'imposante cheminée de l'usine ENCI dominant le paysage. Depuis 2018, l'exploitation de la marne a cessé et la nature a retrouvé de l'espace grâce aux Natuurmonumenten.
Le NAP (Normaal Amsterdams Peil) est le niveau de référence altimétrique des Pays-Bas, établi à 0 mètre en se basant sur le niveau moyen de la mer à Amsterdam au XVIIe siècle. Il sert de zéro de référence pour toutes les altitudes aux Pays-Bas, un pays en grande partie situé sous le niveau de la mer, et est utilisé dans les mesures d'altitude et pour comprendre le relief du pays.
Marl mining eliminated the extension of the old Luikerweg, and the platform symbolizes this extension to this day. From the platform, you look down into the quarry and see the lakes with their deep azure color, caused by the reflection of the blue sky in the water's depths. The deepest point of the quarry is 5 meters above sea level, and the Meuse River is 45 meters above sea level at this point.
This quarry was founded by ENCI (First Dutch Cement Industry). As early as 1926, the extraction of the highly calcareous marl for the cement industry began here, in the heart of Sint Pietersberg. 900,000 tons of cement were produced here, with the imposing chimney of the ENCI factory dominating the landscape. Since 2018, marl mining has ceased, and nature has regained its place thanks to the Nature Monuments. The NAP (Normaal Amsterdams Peil) is the Dutch vertical reference level, established at 0 meters based on the mean sea level in Amsterdam in the 17th century. It serves as the reference zero for all altitudes in the Netherlands, a country largely below sea level, and is used in altitude measurements and to understand the country's relief.
Curzon Street Tunnel is on the Digbeth Branch Canal, completed in 1799.
The Grade II listed structure is 161 yards long and carries the Birmingham to London railway across the canal. The older brick tunnel was constructed at the same time as Curzon Street station in 1838 and lengthened later when the line was extended into New Street station, opened in 1854.
Drottningholm exploits the surrounding landscape, like all the great baroque gardens. It was made for Queen Hedwig Eleonora, widow of Karl X, mother of Karl XI and grandmother of the warrior Karl XII.
"Small farm"
Vallée de Muong Hoa, Sapa (Vietnam)
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"Copyright © – Patrick Bouchenard
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."
Once a busy goldmining area, Skippers Canyon was accessed by Skippers Road, which is today one of New Zealand's better known scenic roads. Skippers Road is mostly one-way, narrow and steep with sheer drops.
We are so forthuate that caring people worked hard to preserve this land from the housing development slated to exploit all of the Marin Headlands. The power of a reflection is so mysterious and preserved for all time thanks to their strong efforts. This photograph is from well after sunset -- just grabbed us as we drove along this narrow bridge. We slammed on the brakes, fought with the tripod, prayed that no car would hit us and grabbed this shot. My son took the same view just to the left (he didn't want the bush in the way(!). We are looking West across the lagoon with Rodeo Beach just beyond, and the Point Bonita Lighthouse to our left. Adjustments were minimal (I used a polarizing filter, sharpened it a touch with minimal contrast enhancement. The red color is from my emergency blinkers.)
My son, Peter's, version is on his (new) site at: www.flickr.com/photos/22117419@N03/
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Here are other shots of mine that people seem to like:
www.flickr.com/photos/gcquinn/sets/72157604336146554/
I also invite you also to look over my most recent photographs.
www.flickr.com/photos/gcquinn/sets/72157609130069639/
Enjoy!
Geoff Quinn
Le gisement d’étain de la région d’Abbaretz a fait l’objet d’exploitations très anciennes, dès l’époque gallo-romaine. Mais c’est au début du 20ème siècle que d’importants travaux de recherche ont débuté par la société nantaise des Minerais de l’Ouest (SNMO). L’exploitation principale a été réalisée à ciel ouvert sur le site du Bois Vert à l’ouest du bourg d’Abbaretz à partir de 1952. La mine à ciel ouvert a atteint des profondeurs allant de 40 à 70 m. Lors de l’exploitation, les matériaux extraits à la pelle mécanique étaient transportés par bandes transporteuses soit au nord de la route départementale directement lorsqu’il s’agit de roche de découverte ou de minerai trop pauvre en étai, soit dans l’usine de traitement du minerai. Dans l’usine, le minerai était concassé et broyé pour récupérer l’étain. Une fois ce dernier récupéré, les résidus de traitement étaient envoyés dans des grandes aires de décantation au nord de la route départementale. Cette activité a généré les terrils du Bois Vert visibles aujourd’hui : le terril conique composé de stériles d’exploitation (matériaux plus ou moins grossiers, moins chargés en métaux) et les terrils tabulaires en forme de plateaux composés de résidus de traitement (matériaux plus fins de type sable, plus chargés en métaux). L’étude menée récemment par le BRGM conclut à une concentration relativement importante en métaux dans les sols (arsenic notamment) présente dans les résidus des anciennes activités de traitement du minerai. Cette zone ayant donné lieu à une exploitation minière dans le passé contient naturellement des teneurs en métaux plus élevées que la moyenne de terres initialement chargées en métaux. Ce rapport indique qu’en dehors d’une promenade le long du chemin de randonnée et sur la montée au belvédère du terril conique, les autres usages ne sont pas compatibles avec le site.
The tin deposit in the Abbaretz region has been exploited for a very long time, since the Gallo-Roman period. But it was at the beginning of the 20th century that important research work began by the Nantes company of West Minerals (SNMO). The main mining was carried out in the open pit at the Bois Vert site to the west of the village of Abbaretz from 1952. The open pit mine reached depths ranging from 40 to 70 m. During operation, the materials extracted with a mechanical shovel were transported by conveyor belts either to the north of the departmental road directly in the case of discovery rock or ore too poor in prop, or to the plant of ore processing. At the plant, the ore was crushed and ground to recover the tin. Once the latter was recovered, the treatment residues were sent to large settling areas north of the departmental road. This activity generated the Bois Vert slag heaps visible today: the conical slag heap made up of waste rock (more or less coarse materials, less loaded with metals) and the tabular slag heaps in the form of trays made up of treatment residues ( finer sand type, more loaded with metals). The recent study carried out by BRGM concludes that there is a relatively high concentration of metals in the soils (arsenic in particular) present in the residues of former ore processing activities. This area, which has been used for mining in the past, naturally contains higher metal contents than the average for soil initially loaded with metals. This report indicates that apart from a walk along the hiking trail and on the climb to the conical slag heap lookout, other uses are not compatible with the site.
Veuillez ne pas utiliser mes images sur des sites Web, des blogs ou d'autres médias sans ma permission écrite. Si vous souhaitez utiliser mes images sur des sites Web, des blogs ou d'autres médias contacter moi par message ou sur mon site web !
Please do not use my images on websites, blogs or other media without my written permission. If you want to use my images on websites, blogs or other media contact me by message or on my website!
I'm always looking for subjects to photograph, and I like leaves as objects to light and exploit. I used side lighting here because that creates the shadows that reveals shapes and textures.
Lighting: Lit with one Yongnuo flash in an 8.6 inch Lastolite soft box at camera right and just out of the frame. Fill light came from a hand held mirror at camera left. The flash and camera were triggered with a Yongnuo RF-603N.
I find leaves to be beautiful objects from nature and have an album creative titled Leaves with over 60 images in it.
The beginning of an arch formation - let's come back in 10,000 years and see what has developed. You can get a sense of the size from the small house lower left.
Most natural arches are formed from narrow fins and sea stacks composed of sandstone or limestone with steep, often vertical, cliff faces. The formations become narrower due to erosion over geologic time scales.
The softer rock stratum erodes away creating rock shelters, or alcoves, on opposite sides of the formation beneath the relatively harder stratum, or caprock, above it. The alcoves erode further into the formation eventually meeting underneath the harder caprock layer, thus creating an arch.
The erosional processes exploit weaknesses in the softer rock layers making cracks larger and removing material more quickly than the caprock; however, the caprock itself continues to erode after an arch has formed, which will ultimately lead to collapse.
The hardest workers in the park. Mules haul people and heavy cargo down to the canyon and back up. Sometimes they are tethered together and when one loses his footing and goes over the edge, they all fall into their painful deaths. Mule deaths are often caused by the strenuous conditions of the canyon trails and harsh weather. South Rim mules (pictured) are said to receive proper care, nutrition and adequate rest. Heartbreakingly Havasupai Reservation (a different part of Grand Canyon that takes people to Havasu Falls) mules have been continuously reported suffering mistreatment and abuse for decades. It is common for those mules, horses and donkeys to be subjected to intensely long periods of uninterrupted work carrying loads beyond their strength without any breaks, food, water or rest. They also have been photographed to have ill-fitting gear with bleeding sores.
Having a mule carry you or your stuff is not a harmless "vacation experience" but a form of animal exploitation.
I wish mule rides weren't even an option in Grand Canyon or anywhere else in the world. Please think twice before using pack mules (or carriage rides in cities).
🇫🇷 L'Argentiera est le nom d'un hameau situé sur le littoral de la commune de Sassari au nord-ouest de la Sardaigne
.La mine était exploitée par les Romains et les Phéniciens.
L'exploitation est rouverte au XIXe siècle par une société minière belge
.Le site connaît une période florissante vers 1940 puis décline après la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
La mine est fermée en 1963.
On peut y voir les vestiges de la laverie avec ses charpentes de bois et les fours destinés à la fonte des minerais formant un des plus intéressants exemples d'archéologie industrielle en Sardaigne. La restauration a commencé .
🇬🇧 L'Argentiera is the name of a hamlet on the coast of the municipality of Sassari in north-west Sardinia.
The mine was exploited by the Romans and Phoenicians.
It was reopened in the 19th century by a Belgian mining company.
The site enjoyed a flourishing period around 1940, before declining after the Second World War.
The mine closed in 1963.
The remains of the washing plant with its wooden frameworks and the furnaces used to smelt the ore can still be seen, making it one of the most interesting examples of industrial archaeology in Sardinia. Restoration work has begun.
🇮🇹 L'Argentiera è il nome di una frazione della costa del comune di Sassari, nella Sardegna nord-occidentale.
La miniera fu sfruttata dai Romani e dai Fenici.
Fu riaperta nel XIX secolo da una società mineraria belga.
Il sito conobbe un periodo di fioritura intorno al 1940, per poi declinare dopo la Seconda Guerra Mondiale.
La miniera chiuse nel 1963.
Sono ancora visibili i resti dell'impianto di lavaggio con le sue strutture in legno e i forni utilizzati per la fusione del minerale, che ne fanno uno degli esempi più interessanti di archeologia industriale in Sardegna. Sono iniziati i lavori di restauro.
🇩🇪 L'Argentiera ist der Name eines Weilers an der Küste der Gemeinde Sassari im Nordwesten Sardiniens.
Die Mine wurde von den Römern und Phöniziern betrieben.
Jahrhundert von einer belgischen Bergwerksgesellschaft wiedereröffnet.
.Die Anlage erlebte um 1940 eine Blütezeit und ging nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg zurück.
Die Mine wurde 1963 geschlossen.
Die Überreste der Wäscherei mit ihren Holzbalken und den Öfen zum Schmelzen der Erze, die eines der interessantesten Beispiele für Industriearchäologie auf Sardinien darstellen, sind noch zu sehen. Die Restaurierung hat begonnen.
🇪🇸 L'Argentiera es el nombre de una aldea situada en la costa del municipio de Sassari, en el noroeste de Cerdeña.
La mina fue explotada por romanos y fenicios.
Fue reabierta en el siglo XIX por una compañía minera belga.
El yacimiento conoció un periodo de florecimiento hacia 1940, antes de decaer tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
La mina cerró en 1963.
Los restos de la planta de lavado, con sus armazones de madera, y los hornos utilizados para fundir el mineral aún pueden verse, lo que la convierte en uno de los ejemplos más interesantes de arqueología industrial de Cerdeña. Se han iniciado trabajos de restauración.
🇫🇷 La Cala dell'Argentiera se trouve dans un impressionnant cadre d'archéologie industrielle, composé des bâtiments de la mine de l'Argentiera qui a été exploitée pendant des siècles pour ses abondantes réserves de plomb, argent et zinc. Le village de mineurs, fermé en 1962,
🇬🇧Cala dell'Argentiera is set in an impressive setting of industrial archaeology, consisting of the buildings of the Argentiera mine, which was exploited for centuries for its abundant reserves of lead, silver and zinc. The miners' village, closed in 1962,
🇮🇹 Cala dell'Argentiera è inserita in un suggestivo contesto di archeologia industriale, costituito dagli edifici della miniera dell'Argentiera, sfruttata per secoli per le sue abbondanti riserve di piombo, argento e zinco. Il villaggio dei minatori, chiuso nel 1962,
🇩🇪 Die Cala dell'Argentiera befindet sich in einer beeindruckenden industriearchäologischen Umgebung, die aus den Gebäuden der Argentiera-Mine besteht, die jahrhundertelang wegen ihrer reichhaltigen Blei-, Silber- und Zinkvorkommen ausgebeutet wurde. Das Dorf der Bergarbeiter, das 1962 geschlossen wurde,
🇪🇸 Cala dell'Argentiera se encuentra en un impresionante entorno de arqueología industrial, formado por los edificios de la mina Argentiera, explotada durante siglos por sus abundantes reservas de plomo, plata y zinc. El pueblo de los mineros, cerrado en 1962,
This amaryllis has been growing in a pot in the shade in our garden, but now that it's blooming we brought it indoors to exploit and enjoy.
Lighting stuff: The main light was a Yongnuo flash in a 24 inch soft box at camera left, and the back lighting is from another Yongnuo flash in a hand held Rogue grid positioned behind the flower. Both strobes, and my tripod mounted camera, were triggered with a Yongnuo RF-603N.
I've photographed a lot of plants and flowers, because they're all around us, work cheap, and never complain. I have an album of these images with over 1100 pictures, and for each one, I have described how I lit them, in case you're interested in that kind of thing.
27-December-2024
The Bora/Bura wind is katabatic, but generally does not have pronounced "Foehnizing" characteristics, as instead the winds falling from the Alps (Foehn) or from the Rocky Mountains (Chinook).
This is also evident from the absence of the opposite phenomenon above and behind the mountain range, namely the "stau", which is a necessary condition for the Foehn.
In any case, when the Bora blows for a long time and intensely, in clearly anticyclonic conditions, the air tends to dry out along the entire column and from the low "stau" clouds (which is a necessary condition for the Foehn, but not sufficient), that usually envelop the peaks of the Maritime Dinaric Alps with this wind, we move to sporadic formations of lenticular clouds that exploit the little humidity left by condensing at high altitudes above the highest peaks where there is an upwelling of currents that condense when they meet the colder ones at the top.
They form layer upon layer in the same position which is necessarily orographic and remain stationary until they dissolve, which occurs with the cessation or change of wind.
Here the humidity is very low and the lenticular cloud has only 2 or 3 layers, in precarious equilibrium.
The dry air of the anticyclonic bora (and progressively milder) fits well with the "false desert" environment of Stara Baška.
I say "false" because the precipitations are actually quite high (1100-1200mm or l/m2 per year) and well distributed throughout the year (therefore not responding to the classic Mediterranean canons with precipitations concentrated in the cold semester and almost nothing in the hot one), as in the other areas of the North-Eastern Adriatic, with relatively cold winters (some very cold, now memories of the last century) and hot summers, very hot in the last 30 years, but with the presence of frequent thunderstorms, which instead are no longer present in the south in midsummer.
The desert/lunar type environment is due to the poor, rocky soil, composed in particular of limestone and silica, as well as the frequent and intense presence of the bora/bura wind that does not allow the accumulation of humus on these exposed lands and therefore not by drought conditions, which are only casual and temporary at this latitude and geo-orographic position.
The road that leads to the hamlet is definitely spectacular.
Belvédère des 4 lacs (Jura)
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"Copyright © – Patrick Bouchenard
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."
Il est très probable que ces souterrains furent d’abord exploités comme carrière pour extraire la “terre à foulon“. Au Moyen Âge, la spécialité de Provins était le drap de laine, de très haute qualité et dont la renommée dépassait les frontières. On utilisait donc cette terre très particulière, pour l’opération du foulage des draps (nettoyage et dégraissage de la laine).
Ensuite, ces cavités ont été utilisées comme refuges, entrepôts durant les Foires de Champagne ou encore lieux de réunions cultuelles, et assurément par des francs-maçons que de nombreuses anciennes écritures sur les parois attestent.
"Seat in the sun"
Train journey to Hanoï (Gia Lam station)
Voyage en train en direction de Hanoï - Gare de Gia Lam (Vietnam)
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"Copyright © – Patrick Bouchenard
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."
La Couvertoirade constitue dès l’origine pour les Templiers un centre d’exploitation agricole. Sur ces terres, ils font cultiver aux paysans des céréales, élever des chevaux (pour la guerre) et des moutons (pour la viande, les peaux, le lait). Un bourg se développe autour du château, encore visible de nos jours. En 1312, l’ordre du Temple est dissous. L’ensemble de leurs biens revient aux Hospitaliers qui deviennent les nouveaux maîtres de La Couvertoirade. La bourgade compte 135 feux en 1328, soit environ 800 personnes. Au milieu du XIVè siècle, les « Routiers » (des compagnies de mercenaires vivant en bandes plus ou moins organisées et souvent peu disciplinées) pillent le Larzac. Par crainte de ces bandes armées, les habitants finissent par faire fortifier le bourg de 1439 à 1445. C'est Déodat d'Alaus, maître maçon de Saint-Beauzély, qui est chargé d'exécuter ces travaux. Malheureusement, ce territoire se sera déjà fortement dépeuplé.
À ce siècle de fléaux succède un siècle de repeuplement et de reconstruction dont témoignent de nombreuses maisons ayant conservé des éléments de la fin du XVè au début du XVIè siècle. En 1562, au début des guerres de religion, les Huguenots tentent de prendre la cité — en vain. En 1702 les habitants s’arment et restaurent les portes par crainte des Camisards, mais le bourg ne sera plus jamais attaqué. Malgré les épidémies et les disettes s’instaure une certaine prospérité. En 1768 le bourg est érigé en commanderie indépendante, octroyée au chevalier Riquetti, baron de Mirabeau, déjà commandeur de Sainte-Eulalie. La Révolution confisque toutes les possessions hospitalières qui reviennent aux paysans. Au XIXè siècle, la commune est touchée par l’exode rural mais maintient son activité économique agricole. Puis, à partir des dernières décennies du XXè siècle, la commune exploite aussi son passé templier à des fins touristiques.
"Snak brake"
Hanoi (Vietnam)
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"Copyright © – Patrick Bouchenard
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."
“There are three kinds of violence. The first, mother of all the others, is institutional violence, that which legalizes and perpetuates domination, oppression and exploitation, that which crushes and laminates millions of men in its silent and well-oiled wheels.
The second is revolutionary violence, which arises from the desire to abolish the first.
The third is repressive violence, the object of which is to stifle the second by making itself the auxiliary and the accomplice of the first violence, that which engenders all the others.
There is no worse hypocrisy to call violence only the second, while pretending to forget the first, which gives birth to it, and the third which kills it. »
Don Helder Camara, archbishop of Recife (February 7, 1909 – August 27, 1999)
"Franco-Russian friendship"
Meeting aérien "Air Legend" 2019 (Melun-Villaroche)
Yakovlev Yak-3 U-PW - F-AZZK s/n 003 - propriétaire RIAN HOLDING B.V. Pays-Bas
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"Copyright © – Patrick Bouchenard
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."
"Bolted"
Voie ferrée (Côte d'Or 2018)
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"Copyright © – Patrick Bouchenard
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved
"Beautiful Norman house"
Lyons-la-Forêt (EURE)
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"Copyright © – Patrick Bouchenard
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."
"Fishing"
Lac de Monteynard-Avignonet (Isère - Rhône-Alpes)
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"Copyright © – Patrick Bouchenard
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Cité Impériale de Hué (Vietnam)
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"Copyright © – Patrick Bouchenard
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España - Cantabria - Rionansa - Celis - Cueva El Soplao
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ENGLISH:
El Soplao is a cave located in the municipalities of Rionansa, Valdáliga and Herrerías in Cantabria, Spain. It is considered unique for the quality and quantity of geological formations (speleothems) in its 17 miles length, 6 of which are open to the public. In it are formations such as helíctites (eccentric stalactites defying gravity) and curtains (draperies, or sheets of calcite, sometimes translucent, hanging from the ceiling). Its formation dates back to the Mesozoic, in particular the Cretaceous period 240 million years ago. The entrance is at 540 metres in the Sierra Soplao Arnero.
The cave was accidentally discovered during drilling for mining, subsequently being exploited for the extraction of minerals. During its operation, many local families were supported by the income they got from the mining, combined with farming livestock. After decades of neglect, speleology, and in particular the Cantabria University Speleology Club since 1975, have discovered its true geological value.
On July 1, 2005 the Government of Cantabria opened it to the public and publicised it internationally, after development for tourism and protection rules prohibiting any further activity by the discoverering club. Research goes on, resulting in the study of amber deposits, the recognition of underground stromatolites formed by manganese-oxidising bacteria, and a new mineral form, zaccagnaite-3R.
El Soplao is just one of at least 6,500 caves in Cantabria.
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ESPAÑOL:
El Soplao es una cueva situada en los municipios de Herrerías, Valdáliga (pueblos de Labarces y Roiz) y Rionansa (pueblo de Celis), en la sierra de Arnero, en Cantabria (España) a una altitud de 540 m. Es considerada una cavidad única a nivel mundial por la calidad y cantidad de las formaciones geológicas (espeleotemas) que alberga en sus 20 kilómetros de longitud total, aunque solo 4 están abiertos al público. En ella se encuentran formaciones poco comunes como helíctitas (estatalactitas excéntricas que desafían la gravedad) y draperies (sábanas o banderas traslúcidas colgando del techo). Las rocas sobre las que se desarrolla el karst que da lugar a la cueva datan del Mesozoico, concretamente del periodo Cretácico, hace 240 millones de años.
La cavidad fue descubierta accidentalmente durante las labores de perforación minera siendo aprovechada posteriormente para la extracción de minerales (en la visita guiada se accede únicamente a dos de las ocho galerías). Los mineros denominaban soplaos a las cavidades kársticas que cortaban en sus trabajos y que creaban fuertes corrientes de aire. Durante su explotación, muchas familias de la zona se sustentaban con los ingresos que obtenían de esa actividad minera, compaginada con la ganadera. Tras décadas de abandono, la espeleología, y en concreto el «Speleo Club Cántabro», S.C.C., desde el año 1975, descubrió su auténtico valor geológico.
El 1 de julio de 2005 el Gobierno de Cantabria la abrió al público después de acondicionar su interior y alrededores para el turismo. Se llega a la entrada de la cueva en un tren minero y el recorrido comienza en una antigua galería de la mina.
Puy en Velay (AUVERGNE)
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"Copyright © – Patrick Bouchenard
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Maiti Nepal was born out of a crusade to protect Nepali girls and women from crimes like domestic violence, trafficking for flesh trade, child prostitution, child labor and various forms of exploitation and torture. A group of socially committed professionals like teachers, journalists and social workers together formed Maiti Nepal in 1993 to fight against all the social evils inflicted upon our female populace. Most of all, its special focus has always been on preventing trafficking for forced prostitution, rescuing flesh trade victims and rehabilitating them. This social organisation also actively works to find justice for the victimized lot of girls and women by engaging in criminal investigation and waging legal battles against the criminals. It has highlighted the trafficking issue with its strong advocacy from the local to national and international levels.
Maiti has no literal translation but it denotes a girl's real family, where she was born into. The word has a sentimental value especially for a married Nepali woman who has no longer any right towards her parents or their property. She then becomes an outsider belonging solely to her husband and her family forever. The famous song, Maiti ghar timro haina paryi ghar jao--meaning "this is not your home, you belong to an outsider (husband)" says it all.
Maiti Nepal however is home to all women and girls—whether married or not—who are exploited, their rights grossly violated and neglected by family and society likewise. It was a crusade to find such victims a home for their protection from social evils that gave birth to this NGO in November 1993.
It was started by a handful of conscious professionals like teachers, journalists, and social workers committed towards combating the social crimes like domestic violence, girl trafficking, child prostitution, child labour and various forms of female exploitation.
Maiti's focus has always been on prevention of girl trafficking, a burning issue for Nepal. Rescuing girls forced into prostitution and helping to find economic alternatives have been our key struggle. Rehabilitation, although not literally possible especially with former prostitutes, is one major challenge we have accepted in our work. The practical steps would be to counsel them and provide non-formal education on health, laws, basic reading and writing. They are also trained to develop income-generation skills and provided Maiti's shelter until they are ready to stand on their feet. The sexually abused girls, abandoned children, potential victims of trafficking, destitute women, prisoner's children, returnees from Indian brothels, girls and children infected with HIV and Hepatitis B, intercepted girls are the major target groups or say, beneficiaries of our programs.
• Maiti Nepal’s Facebook page
The pit Bindweide is a visitor's mine in Steinbach / Sieg in the administrative district Altenkirchen. The history of this pit decreases to 1837, at that time the claim of the pit field occurred. However, already about 1810 a deep tunnel was attached in the area. In 1852 the mining law were lent, and in 1864 the mining company began work.
Spavin and brown iron ore was extracted before all hematite, besides also. In 1869 the annual support amounted to 7.393 t of ore, in 1880 there were already 26.142 t of brown iron ore and hematite as well as 218 t of spavin iron stone.
Already in 1889 one reached a support of 99.491 tons of hematite and brown iron ore as well as 14.912 t of spavin iron stone. The extraction per month lay with maximum 10,000 tons. All together one promoted 5,123,810 t of iron stone. On the 30th of September, 1931 the company was concluded, but because of the rest stocks of approx. 11 million tons the pit was led as a reserve mine.
Hence, it was possible to alter the pit Bindweide in a visitor's mine. This happened from 1981, in 1986 the visitor's mine was opened. In June, 2006 300,000 visitor's borders was crossed.
"Arched"
Bois de Chevigny St Sauveur (Côte d'Or)
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SAARBAHN 1016, Sarreguemines (ligne Brebach - Sarreguemines), 23 Avril 2024.
Depuis 1998, le tramway de Saarbrücken, exploité par la Saarbahn, est le premier tramway transfrontalier reliant l'Allemagne à la France, même si son incursion dans l'Hexagone se résume à quelques kilomètres seulement, de la frontière jusqu'à la gare de Sarreguemines. Ce court tronçon Français est électrifié en 15 kV, la tension du réseau DB, et les balises de signalisation sont Allemandes. Seule la première voie à quai est électrifiée, permettant le demi-tour des rames. Ainsi, la ville de Sarreguemines est reliée toutes les demi-heures à sa voisine Allemande. Ici, la rame 1016 entre en gare le 23 Avril 2024; à gauche, la ligne en provenance de Metz par Béning.
A genuinely awe-inspiring site, despite the tourist crowds, the enormous waterfall complex at Gullfoss looks like a portal to the centre of the earth. It feels elemental and even sacrificial. Although I was disappointed to have cloudy conditions for my visit here, the extraordinary flows of water and remaining ice in mid-April made for some interesting photos, particularly when zoomed in.
Meaning “Golden Falls”, Gullfoss is located in a canyon of the Hvítá river in southwest Iceland. It is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the country, and is included in “Golden Circle“ tours of the region around Reykjavík.
The Hvítá river flows southward, and about a kilometre above the falls it turns sharply to the west and flows down into a wide curved three-step “staircase” and then abruptly plunges in two stages (11 metres and 21 metres) into a crevice 32 metres deep. The crevice, about 20 metres wide and 2.5 kilometres in length, extends perpendicular to the flow of the river. The average amount of water running down the waterfall is 141 cubic metres per second in the summer and 80 cubic metres per second in the winter. The highest flood measured was 2,000 cubic metres per second.
During the first half of the 20th century and some years into the late 20th century, there was much speculation about using Gullfoss to generate electricity. During this period, the waterfall was rented indirectly by its owners, Tómas Tómasson and Halldór Halldórsson, to foreign investors. However, the investors’ attempts were unsuccessful, partly due to lack of money. Sigríður Tómasdóttir, daughter of the co-owner, is popularly credited with saving the waterfall from exploitation: advocating for legal protections against foreign control of it, and reportedly threatening to throw herself down the falls. A stone memorial above the falls depicts her profile. The waterfall was later sold to the Icelandic government and was made a permanent conservation site in 1979.
This description incorporates text from the English Wikipedia.