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[...] within the capitalist system all methods for raising the social productiveness of labour are brought about at the cost of the individual labourer; all means for the development of production transform themselves into means of domination over, and exploitation of, the producers; they mutilate the labourer into a fragment of a man, degrade him to the level of an appendage of a machine, destroy every remnant of charm in his work and turn it into a hated toil; they estrange from him the intellectual potentialities of the labour process in the same proportion as science is incorporated in it as an independent power; they distort the conditions under which he works, subject him during the labour process to a despotism the more hateful for its meanness; they transform his life-time into working-time, and drag his wife and child beneath the wheels of the Juggernaut of capital. But all methods for the production of surplus-value are at the same time methods of accumulation; and every extension of accumulation becomes again a means for the development of those methods. It follows therefore that in proportion as capital accumulates, the lot of the labourer, be his payment high or low, must grow worse. The law, finally, that always equilibrates the relative surplus population, or industrial reserve army, to the extent and energy of accumulation, this law rivets the labourer to capital more firmly than the wedges of Vulcan did Prometheus to the rock. It establishes an accumulation of misery, corresponding with accumulation of capital. Accumulation of wealth at one pole is, therefore, at the same time accumulation of misery, agony of toil slavery, ignorance, brutality, mental degradation, at the opposite pole, i.e., on the side of the class that produces its own product in the form of capital.
Karl Marx, Capital, Vol 1: A Critical Analysis of Capitalist Production
Exploitant : Transdev Montesson les Rabaux
Réseau : Entre Seine et Forêt
Ligne : 21
Lieu : Ermitage Pont (Le Port-Marly, F-78)
Lien TC Infos : tc-infos.fr/vehicule/33513
"Motorcyclist Platoon"
Train journey to Hanoï (Gia Lam station)
Voyage en train en direction de Hanoï - Gare de Gia Lam (Vietnam)
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"Copyright © – Patrick Bouchenard
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."
Situés sur la commune d'Aigues-Mortes, en Camargue, les salins couvrent une large partie des Marais de Peccais, au sud-est du village fortifié. Ils sont accessibles par la route
L'exploitation du sel à Aigues-Mortes est une activité économique qui remonte à l'Antiquité. La première activité des salins est attribuée à un ingénieur romain, Peccius, qui laissa son nom au marais de Peccais. Durant le Moyen Âge, alors que le village d'Aigues-Mortes est fortement influencé par l'abbaye de Psalmodie toute proche, l'économie est essentiellement tournée vers la pêche et les salins.
La production aux salins d'Aigues-Mortes est une production classique de sels de mer, localisée en bord de côtes méditerranéennes, sur un sol totalement plat. L'activité maximale se situe en période estivale, afin de bénéficier d'un ensoleillement optimal, pour une évaporation de l'eau et cristallisation du sel sous l'action conjuguée du soleil et du vent.
Le fonctionnement du salin se fait, par étapes, dans cinq types de bassins consécutifs, reliés entre eux par une circulation de l'eau. Les premiers bassins, les partènements, recueillent l'eau de mer pompée (taux de salinité d'environ 38 g par litre). Les bassins sont, en effet, situés quelques mètres au-dessus du niveau de la mer, et l'absence de marées importantes en Méditerranée oblige à l'usage de pompes. L'eau circule ensuite de bassins en bassins, son taux de salinité augmentant au fur et à mesure. Ce circuit, d'une longueur de plusieurs dizaines de kilomètres, amène l'eau saumurée aux bassins de réserve.
Formation des camelles
Les « tables salantes » (ou « cristallisoirs »), derniers bassins, permettant la récolte du sel, sont moins profonds que les précédents. Le taux de salinité atteint alors 260 g de sel par litre d'eau. Il s'agit de la partie la plus marquante de la production : d'une part, par la couleur des bassins, due à la présence d'algues microscopiques dans l'eau, la Dunaliella salina ; d'autre part le mode d'extraction du sel. Une fois la vidange de l'eau effectuée, une couche de 8 à 15 centimètres de sel, le « gâteau de sel » recouvre le fond des bassins. Autrefois récolté manuellement, par les paludiers (ou sauniers), le sel est recueilli de manière mécanique, par des tracteurs à chenilles muni de pelle à l'avant. Le sel ainsi récolté est entreposé sous forme de monticules de 10 à 15 mètres, les camelles que l'on voit sur le photo ci-dessus.
Thank you for your friendly messages.
Merci pour vos commentaires très sympathiques.
Obrigado por seus comentários muito agradáveis.
Thank you very much to administrators of the groups.
© cuma 2013. © Copyright – Marcelo Moreno©. Photos are copyrighted. All rights reserved. Pictures can not be used without explicit permission by the creator.
© cuma 2013. © Copyright – Marcelo Moreno©. Estas fotos tienen derechos de autor. Todos los derechos reservados. Las imágenes no pueden ser utilizadas sin autorización expresa del autor.
© Copyright – Marcelo Moreno©.
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained herein for any use outside FlickR, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."
Catch up with my recent birding exploits at my blog page - stonefactionbirding2014.blogspot.co.uk/
Greylags and Barnacle Geese in flight at Gaddon Loch, Fife. Second from left is a hybrid Barnacle x Greylag.
"Old barrel"
Salins lès Bains (Franche-Comté - Jura)
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"Copyright © – Patrick Bouchenard
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."
The most popular and famous diesel locomotive of Russian railways and Baltic countries. Our railway exploiting a few units of 2TE116 locomotives renting from Russia, East - Siberian railway bureau. Taken during the winter tour. February 2018
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Jack Crawford is celebrated as a hero on Wearside for his exploits at a famous battle. Crawford was born in the East End of Sunderland and, as a youngster, worked as a keelman until 1786 when he joined the crew of the 'Peggy' at South Shields as an apprentice. It is worth bearing in mind that at this point, he was still only 12 years old!
In 1796, he was press-ganged into the Royal Navy and served on HMS Venerable under Admiral Duncan, the Royal Navy Commander-in-Chief of the North Seas.
It was Jack Crawford's actions at the Battle of Camperdown (11 October 1797) that would eventually establish him as a legend.
During the battle, part of the HMS Venerable's mast was shot down and with it, the admiral's flag. Despite being under intense gunfire, Crawford climbed the mast and nailed the colours to the top of what was left of the mast.
Later, at a victory procession in London, he was formally presented to the King and was given a government pension of £30 a year. He later received a silver medal from the people of Sunderland.
Unfortunately in later life, Jack Crawford fell on hard times. He liked a drink or two and was regularly in a state of drunkenness. Eventually, he ended up selling his medal.
Tragically, he became the second victim of the cholera epidemic of 1831 and ended up buried in an unmarked pauper's grave.
It was some years after Crawford had died, that interest in the so-called 'Hero of Camperdown' was re-kindled after a play about his life went on tour. Crawford's un-marked grave ended having a memorial headstone be-fitting a hero, not to mention a separate memorial in nearby Mowbray Park that was paid for by public donations.
The after effects of war. Children replace parents who are either incapacitated or dead due to the collateral damage caused by the pursuit of ridiculous agendas. Exploitive capitalism doesn’t help either.
Poipet Cambodia, a child hauls fruit crates in the border market.
Balades tout autour de Port-Vendres, chemins de randonnée, sentier du littoral, sentier d'exploitation des vignes ou simplement buissons et fleurs des jardins méditerranéens... avec les chaussures adéquates et même si le terrain est un peu pentu quelque fois, cela en vaut la peine!
Le même liseron fausse guimauve...
Hostility's.
Insectes agaçants examinant des bêtes tordant des sacs à main Reptiles voraces langues de venin fraudes pécheurs,
אלים אי הבנות זדוניות עקרבות צער מפלצות כהות זעם בורות בוכה מלאכים,
kręcenie ponure słowa przerażający święci besztanie chłód przywódcy buntują się demony ciężkie skrzydła winni piekło,
ατελείωτες ουρλιές ουρλιάζοντας διάβολοι τεράστιες φλόγες εσωτερικά ανάχωμα θορυβώδη βλεφαρίδες ψευδείς φωνές οδοντωτές πλευρές,
accessit ad sectanda esse admonitus a seductoribus vallibus scalpere stercorei idolorum dormiunt in thesauris exploitations peccatum aderit,
Agujeros sumergidos preguntas sin fondo colgando jueces malvados puentes muertes rudas que pervierten oposiciones,
Сүнсийг бузар муутнууд нь хориотой мэдлэгийг залгиулахын тулд нулимстай нулимс дуслуулан хариулдаг,
汚染された住民が罰金を科している露出されたトリックは、フック野生の外国の不吉なマスター稲妻ボルト沸騰敵の肉.
Steve.D.Hammond.
Exploitant : Transdev Les Cars Rose
Réseau : ValParisis
Ligne : 38-01
Lieu : Mairie de Montlignon (Montlignon, F-95)
Lien TC Infos : tc-infos.fr/id/14916
Phnom Penh (Cambodge)
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"Copyright © – Patrick Bouchenard
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."
[ cherry blossoms ]
Thanks for the visit, comments and favourites. My images do not belong to the Public Domain.
All of my works are owned and copyrighted . ©
Any reproduction, modification, publication, transmission, transfer, or exploitation of this work, for personal or commercial use, whether in whole or in part, without written permission from myself is prohibited by law.
All rights reserved. © ph.p.photography 2013.
Le Grand Saut - Site naturel classé des Cascades du Hérisson dans le Jura (Franche Comté)
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"Copyright © – Patrick Bouchenard
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."
Copyright © Heavenxxx89 2012 You may not, except with my express written permission, copy, reproduce, download,
distribute or exploit In any way Thank you view my photostream here
Or here flickriver.com/photos/heavenxxx23/
Please take the time to view on Black Press L thank you
house fairiegoodmother.deviantart.com/
Now, it is time for the horse-drawn carriages of Victoria to be banned for the inhumane practice of forcing horses to wade through city streets and endangering public safety.
This is animal exploitation, plain and simple. Every time we go out into the community to raise awareness and challenge this industry we meet concerned citizens who agree, horse-drawn carriages in Victoria need to end. For the horses and for all of us.
extreme fest - Paris
www.myspace.com/officialtheexploited
Pour voir toutes les photos et lire le compte rendu cliquez ici (To watch all the pictures and read the review of the concert click on this link)
www.adnsound.com/paris-extreme-fest-journee-1-punk-stage-...
Parque Natural del Señorío de Bértiz, Navarra, España.
El Parque Natural del Señorío de Bértiz, de 2.040 ha, está localizado al noroeste de la Comunidad Foral de Navarra, España. En el municipio de Bértiz-Arana, accediéndose desde la localidad de Oyeregui y Oronoz-Mugaire.
El territorio del parque natural perteneció a la familia Bértiz desde el siglo XIV. El titular del predio, Pedro Miguel Bértiz, fue nombrado Merino de las Montañas (o sea, juez de amplia jurisdicción), en el año 1392, por el rey Carlos III el Noble.2
La casa solariega fue levantada en 1847 por la antigua familia Bértiz, que continuó con la propiedad hasta el siglo XIX y ampliada en 1905 por sus últimos propietarios Don Pedro Ciga y su esposa Dª Dorotea Fernandez.
A la muerte sin descendencia de Francisco de Bértiz, en el año 1657 tomo posesión del Senorío Antonio Barragán. La Real Corte de Navarra, mediante sentencia de 1672, declaró la propiedad del palacio y mayorazgo de Bértiz a favor de Juan Francisco de Alduncin. El matrimonio de María Josefa de Alduncin, heredera del Senorío, con Francisco Javier de Elío, hizo que la propiedad pasara a esa familia (1741). Los Elío vendieron el Senorío a Pedro Andrés Oteiza, maderista y vecino de Narvarte (1881). El 20 de octubre de 1900 Oteiza vendió la finca a Pedro Ciga por la cantidad de seiscientas cincuenta mil pesetas. Los Ciga lo remodelaron a su estado actual y en el año 1949 lo donaron a la Comunidad Foral de Navarra, con la condición de que se conservara tal cual y de que fuera utilizado exclusivamente para fines recreativos, educativos y científicos.
Al sur, en la zona más baja a orillas del río Bidasoa en la localidad de Oyeregui, se encuentran el palacio y los jardines, en 3,4 ha que acogen una abundante colección botánica, con especies traídas de todos los lugares del mundo.
El resto del territorio al norte es una sucesión de valles y montes cubiertos de bosque atlántico autóctono, muy bien conservados dada la escasa explotación que de ellos se ha venido haciendo, abundando las hayas, los robles y las alisedas. En estos bosques hay numerosos ciervos, corzos y jabalíes, así como las típicas aves del bosque atlántico de pequeño y mediano tamaño.
En la cima del monte Aizkolegi se encuentra un chalet modernista, hoy abandonado, desde el que se disfrutan unas magníficas vistas del Parque y al que se llega mediante una pista forestal.
The Señorío de Bértiz Natural Park, covering 2,040 ha, is located in the northwest of the Comunidad Foral de Navarra, Spain. In the municipality of Bértiz-Arana, accessed from the town of Oyeregui and Oronoz-Mugaire.
The territory of the natural park belonged to the Bértiz family since the 14th century. The owner of the property, Pedro Miguel Bértiz, was named Merino de las Montañas (that is, judge of wide jurisdiction), in the year 1392, by King Carlos III the Noble.2
The manor house was built in 1847 by the old Bértiz family, who continued to own the property until the 19th century and enlarged it in 1905 by its last owners, Mr. Pedro Ciga and his wife, Ms. Dorotea Fernandez.
On the death without issue of Francisco de Bértiz, in 1657 he took possession of the Senorío Antonio Barragán. The Royal Court of Navarra, through a ruling of 1672, declared the ownership of the palace and mayorazgo of Bértiz in favor of Juan Francisco de Alduncin. The marriage of María Josefa de Alduncin, heir to the Senorío, with Francisco Javier de Elío, made the property pass to that family (1741). The Elíos sold the Senorío to Pedro Andrés Oteiza, a Maderista and resident of Narvarte (1881). On October 20, 1900, Oteiza sold the farm to Pedro Ciga for six hundred and fifty thousand pesetas. The Ciga family remodeled it to its current state and in 1949 they donated it to the Comunidad Foral de Navarra, with the condition that it be kept as is and that it be used exclusively for recreational, educational and scientific purposes.
To the south, in the lower area on the banks of the Bidasoa River in the town of Oyeregui, are the palace and gardens, covering 3.4 ha that house an abundant botanical collection, with species brought from all over the world.
The rest of the territory to the north is a succession of valleys and mountains covered with native Atlantic forest, very well preserved given the little exploitation that has been done of them, abounding with beeches, oaks and alder groves. In these forests there are numerous deer, roe deer and wild boar, as well as the typical small and medium-sized birds of the Atlantic forest.
At the top of Mount Aizkolegi there is a modernist chalet, now abandoned, from which magnificent views of the Park can be enjoyed and which is reached via a forest track.
A Christmas tree made out of candy-coated chocolates on a Japanese handmade white plate on a green, textured surface.
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© Margarita Komine | All Rights Reserved
All of my images are copyright protected. You may not use, copy, reproduce, distribute, publish, display, alter or in any way exploit any of my images without my expressed, written permission.
I’m not really active on Flickr any more since it started to exploit us kinksters but I am still alive! I just tend to hang out on sites which make us feel welcome nowadays but rest assured, this satin & leather lady is still going strong 😘
Just recently returned to steam after overhaul, "Pendennis Castle" stands outside the shed at Didcot Railway Centre. This locomotive has a few claims to fame, including its exploits on the East Coast Main Line in trials pitted against "Flying Scotsman", taking part in the 1925 "British Empire Exhibition" at Wembley and being one of two locomotives to have circumnavigated the world.
Locomotive: Great Western Railway Castle Class 4-6-0 4079 "Pendennis Castle".
Location: The Great Western Society's Didcot Railway Centre, Oxfordshire, UK.
Bois de Chevigny St Sauveur (Côte d'Or)
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"Copyright © – Patrick Bouchenard
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."
Happy 1st of January 2013 wishing you all a wonderful new year xx
Copyright © Heavenxxx89 2012 You may not, except with my express written permission, copy, reproduce, download,
distribute or exploit In any way Thank you
view my photostream here portfotolio.net/heavenxxx23
www.youtube.com/watch?v=h8tuTSi6Sck
Birds flying high you know how I feel
Sun in the sky you know how I feel
Breeze driftin' on by you know how I feel
It's a new dawn
It's a new day
It's a new life
For me
And I'm feeling good
Fish in the sea you know how I feel
River running free you know how I feel
Blossom on the tree you know how I feel
Dragonfly out in the sun you know what I mean, don't you know
Butterflies all havin' fun you know what I mean
Sleep in peace when day is done
That's what I mean
And this old world is a new world
And a bold world
For me
Stars when you shine you know how I feel
Scent of the pine you know how I feel
Oh freedom is mine
And I know how I feel
It's a new dawn
It's a new day
It's a new life
For me
And I'm feeling good
tree spacenewt.deviantart.com/
part of background A_foggy_day_on_the_ice_1_by_Arctic_Stock[1]
Paysage, All rights reserved, El Golfo, Espagne, Europe, Fusion, Iles Canaries, Lanzarote, Minéral, Naturel, Panoramique, Salin, Salinas De Janubia, Extérieur, Rayon, Soleil, Marai, Microbe, Bactérie, Caillou, Pierre, Gravier, Volcannique, Nuage, Sel, Exploitation, Océan Atlantique, MAritime, Agricole, Agriculture,
Au centre, un lac aux eaux d'un vert émeraude profond entourée par des falaises de terre rouge et ocre, témoins de l'exploitation minière passée.
Lieu incontournable dans la région des Pouilles en Italie
C’est l’arrivée de Mathieu Van Roggen, venu de Hollande, qui a dynamisé vers 1880 les CARRIÈRES DE SPRIMONT. Il les a rendues pleinement performantes par la rationalisation de l’exploitation et la modernisation de l’outil. La grande centrale électrique de 1904, devenue “Musée de la pierre”, en est le remarquable témoin. Par la suite, le groupe Merbes-Sprimont gère les propriétés jusqu’à la reprise en 1984 par la famille Brancaleoni.
Plusieurs sites sont actuellement en exploitation. La réputation de qualité de ces gisements est depuis longtemps établie et
les références de prestige en sont fort nombreuses, depuis la Grand’ Poste de Liège et le pont de Fragnée vers 1900, jusqu’au
nouveau pont haubané du Val-Benoît en 2000.
Importante capacité de production et souplesse de gestion sont les atouts premiers de l’entreprise sprimontoise.
Cette carrière de petit granit consiste en une excavation allongée, partiellement occupée par la 'décharge de classe III du Fond de Correux'. L'activité extractive a encore lieu dans la partie médiane et un grand atelier de taille est installé vers la route. Le secteur occidental, actuellement désaffecté, et les abords supérieurs de la fosse présentent toutefois un intérêt biologique: reproduction du crapaud accoucheur et du lézard des murailles; flanc nord incliné colonisé par une végétation des substrats calcaires (e.a. Catapodium rigidum, Crepis foetida, Teucrium botrys); présence de la fougère Gymnocarpium robertianum.
It was the arrival of Mathieu Van Roggen, from Holland, who revitalised the CARRIÈRES DE SPRIMONT around 1880. He made them fully efficient by rationalising the operation and modernising the tool. The large power station of 1904, which became the “Stone Museum”, is a remarkable example of this. Subsequently, the Merbes-Sprimont group managed the properties until the Brancaleoni family took them over in 1984.
Several sites are currently in operation. The reputation for quality of these deposits has long been established and
their prestigious references are numerous, from the Grand’ Poste in Liège and the Fragnée bridge around 1900, to the
new cable-stayed bridge at Val-Benoît in 2000.
Significant production capacity and management flexibility are the primary assets of the Sprimont company.
This small granite quarry consists of an elongated excavation, partially occupied by the 'class III dump of Fond de Correux'. Extractive activity still takes place in the middle part and a large cutting workshop is installed towards the road. The western sector, currently disused, and the upper edges of the pit are nevertheless of biological interest: reproduction of the midwife toad and the wall lizard; inclined northern flank colonized by vegetation of calcareous substrates (e.g. Catapodium rigidum, Crepis foetida, Teucrium botrys); presence of the fern Gymnocarpium robertianum.
© cuma 2013. © Copyright – Marcelo Moreno©. Photos are copyrighted. All rights reserved. Pictures can not be used without explicit permission by the creator.
© cuma 2013. © Copyright – Marcelo Moreno©. Estas fotos tienen derechos de autor. Todos los derechos reservados. Las imágenes no pueden ser utilizadas sin autorización expresa del autor.
© Copyright – Marcelo Moreno©.
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained herein for any use outside FlickR, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."
Kavala (Greek: Καβάλα) is a city in northern Greece, the principal seaport of eastern Macedonia and the capital of Kavala regional unit. It is situated on the Bay of Kavala, across from the island of Thasos. Kavala is located on the Egnatia motorway and is a one and a half-hour drive to Thessaloniki (160 kilometres (99 miles) west) and a forty-minute drive to Drama (37 km (23 miles) north) and Xanthi (56 km (35 miles) east). Its nickname is The cyan city (Η γαλάζια πόλη).
History
Antiquity
The city was founded at about the end of the 7th century BC by settlers from Thassos, who called it Neapolis (Νεάπολις; "new city" in Greek). It was one of the colonies that the Thassians founded along the coastline in order to take advantage of the rich gold and silver mines of the territory, especially those located in the nearby Pangaion mountain (which were eventually exploited by Phillip the Second of Macedonia).
The worship of "Parthenos", a female deity of Greek–Ionian origin, is archaeologically attested in the archaic period. At the end of the 6th century BC Neapolis claimed its independence from Thassos and cut its own silver coins with the head of Gorgo (γοργὀνειο) on the one side. At the beginning of the 5th century BC a large Ionic temple made from thassian marble replaced the archaic one. Parts of it can now be seen in the archaeological museum of Kavala.
In 411 BC, during the Peloponnesian War, Neapolis was besieged by the allied armies of the Spartans and the Thassians but remained faithful to Athens. Two Athenian honorary decrees in 410 and 407 BC rewarded Neapolis for its loyalty.
Neapolis was a town of Macedonia, located 14 km (9 mi) from the harbor of Philippi. Neapolis was a member of the Athenian League; a pillar found in Athens mentions the contribution of Neapolis to the alliance.
Roman Era
The military Roman road Via Egnatia passed through the city helped commerce to flourish. It became a Roman civitas in 168 BC, and was a base for Brutus and Cassius in 42 BC, before their defeat in the Battle of Philippi. (Appian, B.C. iv. 106; Dion Cass. xlvii. 35.). The Apostle Paul landed at Kavala on his first voyage to Europe (Acts, xvi. 11).
Byzantine Era
In the 6th century, Byzantine emperor Justinian I fortified the city in an effort to protect it from barbaric raids. In later Byzantine times the city was called Christoupolis (Χριστούπολις, "city of Christ") and belonged to the theme of Macedonia. The first mention of the new name is recorded in a taktikon of the early 9th century. The city is also mentioned in the "Life of St. Gregory of Dekapolis". In the 8th and 9th century, Bulgarian attacks forced the Byzantines to reorganize the defense of the area, giving great care to Christoupolis with fortifications and a notable garrison. In 926 the Byzantine general (strategos) Basil Klaudon reconstructed the fallen walls of the city, ("τα πριν φθαρέντα και πεπτωκότα τείχη") according to an inscription that is now in the archaeological museum of Kavala. Due to the location of Christoupolis, the city experienced an economic resurgence, securing the contact between Constantinople and Thessaloniki. During the Norman raid of Macedonia in 1185, the city was captured and burned. In 1302, the Catalans failed to capture the city. In order to prevent them from coming back, the Byzantine emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos built a new long defensive wall ("το παρά την Χριστούπολιν τείχισμα"). In the 13th century the Byzantine Greek historian George Akropolites writes that the city and the area around the city is highly populated with Bulgarians and this makes it more difficult to keep the city as a part of Bizantium.[2] In 1357 it is mentioned that the Byzantine officers and brothers Alexios and John controlled the city and its territory. Recent excavations have revealed the ruins of an early Byzantine basilica under an old Ottoman mosque in the old part of the city (Panagia peninsula). This Christian temple was used until the late Byzantine era, as the also recently revealed small cemetery around it shows. The Ottoman Turks first captured the city in 1387 and completely destroyed it in 1391, as a Mount Athos chronicle testifies.
Ottoman Era
Kavala was part of the Ottoman Empire from 1387 to 1912. In the middle of the 16th century, Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier of Suleiman the Magnificent, contributed to the prosperity and growth of Kavala by the construction of an aqueduct.[3] The Ottomans also extended the Byzantine fortress on the hill of Panagia. Both landmarks are among the most recognizable symbols of the city today.
Mehmet Ali, the founder of a dynasty that ruled Egypt, was born in Kavala in 1769. His house has been preserved as a museum.
Modern Kavala
Kavala was briefly occupied by the Bulgarians during the first Balkan War in 1912, but was finally captured by Greece in 1913 during a successful landing operation by the Greek Navy that was commanded by the famous admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis. During World War I Kavala suffered from the Bulgarian military occupation with many victims among its Greek population.[citation needed] After the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, the city entered a new era of prosperity because of the labour offered by the thousands of refugees that moved to the area from Asia Minor. The development was both industrial and agricultural. Kavala became greatly involved in the processing and trading of tobacco. Many buildings related to the storage and processing of tobacco from that era are preserved in the city.
During World War II and after the fall of Athens, the Nazis awarded Kavala to their Bulgarian allies in 1941, causing the city to suffer once again, but finally was liberated in 1944.
In the late 1950s Kavala expanded towards the sea by reclaiming land from the area west of the port.
In 1967, King Constantine II left Athens for Kavala in an unsuccessful attempt to launch a counter-coup against the military junta.
Etymology
In antiquity the name of the city was Neapolis. During the Middle Ages it was Christoupolis. The etymology of the modern name of the city is disputed. There are some explanations, either from the Italian cavallo (=horse), or from the Hebrew Kabbalah due to the large Jewish population of the city.
Climate
Kavala has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification "Cfa") that borders on an semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification "BSk" or "BSh" depending on the system used) with annual average precipitation of 460 mm (18.1 in). Snowfalls are sporadic, but happen more or less every year. The humidity is always very high
The absolute maximum temperature ever recorded was 38.0 °C (100 °F), while the absolute minimum ever recorded was −5.8 °C (22 °F).
Education/Research
The Technological Educational Institute (panoramic view).TEI of Kavala: The Technological Educational Institute of Kavala (Greek: ΤΕΙ Καβάλας) is a public institute providing education at university level in the region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace. The main campus of the institute located in St. Lukas, Kavala and is approximately 132,000 m2 with buildings covering an area of 36,000 m2.The campus is home for 2 faculties (Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Faculty of Business and Economics) with totally 9 departments.
Fisheries Research Institute:[5] Fisheries Research Institute (F.R.I) is one of the five specialized research institutes of N.AG.RE.F, being responsible to conduct research and to promote technological development in the fishery sector. The Institute is located 17 km (11 mi) away from Kavala, in Nea Peramos, at the centre of a marine area with rich fishery grounds and high biodiversity in the surrounding lagoons, lakes and rivers.
Institute of Mohamed Ali for the Research of the Eastern Tradition (I.M.A.R.E.T.):[6] I.M.A.R.E.T. is a registered NGO with the Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which was established several months ago by concerned citizens in Kavala, Greece. Its aims include the study of the Egyptian influence in Greece and vice versa. The intra-cultural exchange and dialogue, as well as the promotion of art as a means of intra-cultural understanding. The first major co-operation partner is Cultnat of Bibliotheca Alaxandrina with the aim of documenting and digitizing the architectural heritage of the Mohamed Ali era in Egypt and Greece. Most important event that take place every year at the institute is the International Roman Law Moot Court Competition.
Historical & Literary Archives of Kavala:[7] It is purely a non-profiteering, public utility foundation. The foundation of the Historical & Literary Archives of Kavala is not subsidized by the Greek State, neither by any other enterprise of the private sector. Its operational cost is covered only by its founders and by infrequent aids of the local self-government.
Egnatia Aviation:[8] It is a private training college for pilots that started training in Greece in July 2006. The facilities of Egnatia Aviation mostly located in the former passenger’s terminal of the Kavala International Airport "Alexander the Great".
Culture
Festivals and events
Kavala hosts a wide array of cultural events, which mostly take place during the summer months. The top festival is the Festival of Philippi,[9] which lasts from July to September and includes theatrical performances and music concerts. Since 1957, it has been the city's most important cultural event and one of the most important of Greece.
Cosmopolis is an International Festival held in the Old Town of Kavala that offers an acquaintance with cultures around the world through dancing and musical groups, traditional national cuisines, cinema, and exhibits at the kiosks of the participant countries.
Giannis Papaioannou’s Festival includes concerts and music seminars.[10]
Ilios ke Petra (Sun and Stone)(July): a Festival held in “Akontisma” of Nea Karvali. The event is of folkloric character, with the participation of traditional dancing groups from all over the world.
Wood Water Wild Festival:[11] Wood Water Wild is an outdoor activities festival, inspired by nature. It includes live bands & DJ sets, body&mind activities, a book fair, outdoor theatre, ecology, camping, and debates.
Kavala AirSea Show:[12] An annual air show, which takes place during the last days of June
Besides, various cultural events are held in all municipalities of Kavala during the summer months.
Cuisine
Fish and sea food, as well as the products of the local livestock breeding and agricultural sectors are the prevailing elements of Kavala courses. In Kavala, the traditional local recipes have been influenced by the cuisine of the refugees from Pontos, Asia Minor and Kappadokia. Fresh fish and sea food, salted food, mackerel "gouna" (sun dried mackerel on the grill), sardine pantremeni, mussels with rice, herring saganaki, anchovies wrapped in grape leaves, Stuffed eggplant: these are some very renowned recipes in Kavala and the coastal settlements of the region. The grapes, wine and tsipouro produced in the area, as well as the kourabiedes (sugar-coated almond biscuits) from Nea Karvali are particularly famous.
Municipality
The municipality of Kavala was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 2 former municipalities, that became municipal units:[13]
Municipal units (former municipalities):
Kavala
Filippoi
Municipal unit
Kavala 58,790
Filippoi 11,711
The population of the new municipality is 70,501 and the area is 350,61 km2. The seat of the municipality is in Kavala. Some of the most important communities inside new municipality are:
Population
Kavala 56,371
Krinides 3,365
Amigdaleonas 2,724
Nea Karvali 2,225
Zygos 2,057
Subdivisions
Kavala is built amphitheatrically, with most residents enjoying superb views of the coast and sea. Some of the regions inside Kavala are:
Agia Varvara Agios Athanasios Agios Ioannis Agios Loukas Chilia
Dexameni Kalamitsa Kentro Neapolis Panagia
Perigiali Potamoudia Profitis Ilias Timios Stavros Vyronas
Province
The province of Kavala (Greek: Επαρχία Καβάλας) was one of the provinces of the Kavala Prefecture. Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipality Kavala, and part of the municipal unit Eleftheroupoli.[14] It was abolished in 2006.
Transport
Highway Network
European route E90 runs through the city and connects Kavala with the other cities. The Egnatia Motorway (A2) lies north of the city. One can enter the city from one of two Junctions; 'Kavala West' and 'Kavala East'.Kavala has regular connection with Interregional Bus Lines (KTEL) from and to Thessaloniki and Athens.
Airport
The Kavala International Airport "Alexander the Great" (27 km (17 mi) from Kavala) is connected with Athens by regularly scheduled flights and with many European cities by scheduled and charter flights.
Port
Kavala is connected with all the islands of the Northern Aegean Sea with frequent itineraries of various ferry lines.
Bus
The city is connected with all of the large Greek cities such as Thessaloniki and Athens. All of the local villages are also connected via bus lines. The cost of tickets is very cheap. There is also a shuttle bus in Kavala with these lines : 1. Vironas - Kallithea 2. Dexameni 3. Cemetery 4. Kipoupoli - Technological Institute 5. Agios Loukas 6. Profitis Ilias 7. Stadium 8. Kalamitsa - Batis ( only in summer ) 9. Agios Konstantinos 10. Neapoli 11. Hospital - Perigiali
Sports
Kavala F.C.: AO Kavala (Greek: Athlitikos Omilos Kavala, Αθλητικός Όμιλος Καβάλα), the Athletic Club Kavala, is a professional association football club based in the city of Kavala, Greece.The club plays in the Municipal Kavala Stadium "Anthi Karagianni".[15]
Kavala B.C.: Enosi Kalathosfairisis Kavalas (Greek: Ένωση Καλαθοσφαίρισης Καβάλας - Basketball Union of Kavala) is a Greek professional basketball club that is located in Kavala, Greece. The club is also known as E.K. Kavalas. The club's full Greek name is Ένωση Καλαθοσφαίρισης Καβάλας. Which means, Kavala Basketball Union or Kavala Basketball Association in English. The club competes in the Greek League.
Kavala '86: A women football club, founded in 1986, with panhellenic titles in Greek women football.
Kavala Chess Club:[16] Chess is very popular in Kavala and the local chess club ranks top in Greece, enjoying plenty of success both domestically and internationally. The highlight has to be the club's annual International Open, that takes place every August in Kavala and attracts the biggest names in chess from all over the globe
Nautical Club of Kavala (1945, Ναυτικός Ομιλος Καβάλας, ΝΟΚ). Sports of sea (swimming, yachting,water-polo,diving e.t.c.)
Kavala Titans (2009, Τιτάνες Καβάλας). Rugby Union
International relations
Twin towns – Sister cities
Kavala is twinned with:
Bulgaria Gabrovo, Bulgaria (1975)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1994)
Germany Nuremberg, Germany (1998)
Partnerships
Morocco Agadir, Morocco (2001)
Armenia Martuni, Armenia (2001)
Turkey Tekirdağ, Turkey (2003)
Bulgaria Gotse Delchev, Bulgaria (2003)
Serbia Vranje, Serbia (2009)
Postage stamps
Austria opened a post office in Kavala before 1864.[18] Between 1893 and 1903, the French post office in the city issued its own postage stamps; at first stamps of France overprinted with "Cavalle" and a value in piasters, then in 1902 the French designs inscribed "CAVALLE".
Historical population
1961 44,517 44,978 -
1971 46,234 46,887 -
1981 56,375 56,705 -
1991 56,571 58,025 -
2001 58,663 63,293 -
2011 54,027 58,790 70,501
Notable figures
Muhammad Ali Pasha of Kavala, the Albanian Wali (governor) of Egypt between 1805–1848 and founder of the modern state of Egypt
Theodore Kavalliotis, Greek Orthodox priest, teacher and a figure of the Greek Enlightenment
Vassilis Vassilikos, Greek writer and diplomat
George Georgiadis, Greek footballer
Giorgos Heimonas (1938–2000), writer and translator
Nikos Karageorgiou, (born December 9, 1962) Manager of Greek football team Ergotelis, based in Heraklion, Crete
Anthi Karagianni, silver medalist in the Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games; the city's Municipal stadium is named after her
Vasilis Karas, Greek singer
Nikos Kourkoulis, Greek singer
Mitsos Partsalidis, first elected "red" (communist) mere in modern Greek history, back in 1.4.1934
Antigone Valakou, actress
Despina Vandi, a Top Greek singer
Thanasis Euthimiadis, a Greek actor
Anna Verouli, 1982 Gold Medalist, European Championship, javelin thrower
Zisis Vryzas (born November 9, 1973), former footballer, currently vicepresident of PAOK FC
Theodoros Zagorakis (born October 27, 1971), former footballer, captain of national team of Greece-European champion 2004, currently president of PAOK FC
Anna Gerasimou, a Greek tennis player
Kleon Krantonellis, Αrchitect
Species of the day: Goldfinch..The UK's Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) population has pretty much doubled in the last fifty years, their 'liquid' twittering now heard commonly in around two thirds of gardens across the country. In fact, it's our gardens that have undoubtedly been the key to its recent success. Agricultural intensification has adversely affected so many of our farmland birds, yet the Goldfinch has been one of those adaptable enough to diversify its diet. In our gardens they've found the perfect niche to exploit. With their compact, chiselled beaks they're able to carefully prise seeds from teasels and thistles, though from our bird feeders nyger (Guizotia abyssinica) has become a firm favourite
My heart shudders to remember.
But I take comfort in knowing that you are in a wonderful place.
Because that's where the angels like you are.
(Dedicated to the mother of my best friend, Rosa died this Saturday 14.02.2015)
© Copyright: The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained herein for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited.
06/04/08
Hm. Day 100.
Not sure where time has gone.
At the same time....I was all excited about making it 100 days (gracefully or not) and a lovely co-worker was kind enough to point out
"You're not even one-third of the way."
Hmmph. Aaaaaannnd now I'm making my pensive face.
Bah. I'm still here, so apparently, I'm stayin'.
P.S. Alternate here. ................and this one HAS candid bra straps. Dammit, now I'm like, all super conscious of them!!!!!!!
Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh: Limiting the Damage of a Protracted Crisis
www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar-banglade...
Rohingya Refugee Crisis Explained
www.unrefugees.org/news/rohingya-refugee-crisis-explained/
Six Years of Rohingya Refugee Crisis in Bangladesh: From Here to Where?
www.spf.org/apbi/news_en/b_240627.html
The Rohingyas are a Muslim minority from the North Rakhine State in western Burma. Over the past forty years, the Burmese government has systematically stripped over 1 million Rohingya of their citizenship. Recognized as one of the most oppressed ethnic groups in the world, the Rohingya are granted few social, economic and civil rights. They are subjected to forced labor, arbitrary land seizure, religious persecution, extortion, the freedom to travel, and the right to marry. Because of the abuse they endure in Burma, hundreds of thousands of Rohingya have fled Burma to seek sanctuary in neighboring Bangladesh. In the refugee camps along the south east coast where they settle, most are not recognized as refugees and are considered illegal economic migrants. Unwanted and unwelcome, they receive little or no humanitarian assistance and are vulnerable to exploitation and harassment. In recent years, the Rohingya have paid brokers to smuggle them by boat from Bangladesh to Malaysia and even beyond to Australia, sparking the attention of governments throughout the region.
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has confirmed that the statelessness of the Rohingya is not just a Burma-related problem, but a problem with larger regional implications.
pulitzercenter.org/reporting/burma-bangladesh-muslim-mino...
pulitzercenter.org/reporting/rohingya-bangladesh-burma-my...
pulitzercenter.org/reporting/rohingya-burma-bangladesh-st...
www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/reports/2002/r...
blogs.mediapart.fr/edition/les-invites-de-mediapart/artic...
pulitzercenter.org/blog/week-review-inside-burma-presiden...
Together we’re building a new identity ecosystem, a globally recognized universal biometric ID blockchain system. It will be a biometric smartchip ID that will be tracked worldwide by AI to solve the 17 sustainable development goals.
The Mark of the Beast is a Certification Mark of authentication (the new global standard), affirming that all who are involved with this new global biometric digital ID blockchain are compliant with the core principles of the 17 Sustainable Development goals, which have been adopted by all the United Nations Member States. No one will be able to buy or sell or do anything in society without this Certification Mark. This Mark will now become mandatory for all. Without it, you will be arrested.
Through the means of a microchip implant we will be able to eradicate human trafficking (we cause the crisis, and then we offer you the solution). Every kind of supposed virtuous cause will be exploited to promote the 666 Beastchip. Climate change…take the smartchip…blah, blah, blah. Refugees…take the smartchip…blah, blah, blah. Human rights…take the smartchip…blah, blah, blah. Fight poverty…take the smartchip…blah, blah, blah. For the sake of equality, inclusiveness, and sustainability…take the smartchip…blah, blah, blah.
www.accenture.com/us-en/services/blockchain/digital-identity
"Military courier"
Meeting aérien "Air Legend" 2019 (Melun-Villaroche)
Harley-Davidson WLA 1942 - US Military Police
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www.flickriver.com/photos/pat21/sets/
"Copyright © – Patrick Bouchenard
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."
Photo André Knoerr, Genève. Reproduction autorisée avec mention de la source.
Utilisation commerciale soumise à autorisation spéciale préalable.
Les VBZ à la dérive!
Après la remise en service commercial des deux motrices historiques Mirage sans arriver à exploiter les lignes avec les convois prévus, une (nouvelle) rupture d'un cardan de transmission sur une motrice Cobra (Be 5/6 3001-3088) en date du 24 décembre 2018 (!) a nécessité trois mois plus tard (!) des mesures d'urgence en vigueur dès le 22 mars 2019 pour une durée indéterminée:
1) réduction de la vitesse maximale des Cobra à 42 km/h et 12 km/h sur les appareils de voie
2) pour limiter sectoriellement les retards attribution des Cobra aux lignes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 13 et 17.
Les autres lignes, y compris les lignes 10 et 12 du Glattalbahn, sont exploitées avec des convois Tram 2000 sans garantie d'accès surbaissé.
De plus, à partir du 1 janvier 2019 et avec une arrogance toute zürichoise, des mangers des VBZ ont imposé unilatéralement au TMZ l'immobilisation de pas moins de cinq motrices historiques sous le prétexte fallacieux de délai de révision. C'est faire bien peu de cas du sérieux du travail exécuté depuis plus de cinquante ans par les membres actifs du TMZ.
Si ces bureaucrates ne sont pas en mesure de comprendre la logique différence entre un simple contrôle technique et une inutile révision sur des véhicules en parfait état budgetée à un prix exorbitant ils n'ont certainement pas les compétences requises pour occuper leur poste et ils devraient être poussés vers la sortie par tous les moyens légaux disponibles!
La motrice historique Be 4/6 1674 en service régulier sur la ligne 8 précède l'autobus Neoplan 521 de la ligne 83.
19905
Meeting aérien "Air Legend" 2019 (Melun-Villaroche)
Patrouille de France 2019 - Dassault Alpha Jet
Website : www.fluidr.com/photos/pat21
www.flickriver.com/photos/pat21/sets/
"Copyright © – Patrick Bouchenard
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."