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The Fairchild Republic A-10-C Warthog The Thunderbolt II is a single-seat, twin turbofan engine, straight wing jet aircraft developed by Fairchild-Republic for the United States Air Force (USAF). Commonly referred to by its nicknames Warthog or Hog, its official name comes from the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, a World War II fighter that was effective at attacking ground targets. The A-10 was designed for close-in support of ground troops, close air support (CAS), and providing quick-action support for troops against helicopters and ground forces. It entered service in 1976 and is the only production-built aircraft that has served in the USAF that was designed solely for CAS. Its secondary mission is to provide forward air controller – airborne (FAC-A) support, by directing other aircraft in attacks on ground targets. Aircraft used primarily in this role are designated OA-10.
The A-10 was intended to improve on the performance of the A-1 Skyraider and its poor firepower. The A-10 was designed around the 30 mm GAU-8 Avenger rotary cannon. Its airframe was designed for durability, with measures such as 1,200 pounds (540 kg) of titanium armor to protect the cockpit and aircraft systems, enabling it to absorb a significant amount of damage and continue flying. Its short takeoff and landing capability permits operation from airstrips close to the front lines, and its simple design enables maintenance with minimal facilities. The A-10 served in Operation Desert Shield, and Operation Desert Storm, the American intervention against Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, where the A-10 distinguished itself. The A-10 also participated in other conflicts such as Operation Urgent Fury in Grenada, the Balkans, Afghanistan, Iraq, and against ISIL in the Middle East.
The A-10A single-seat variant was the only version produced, though one pre-production airframe was modified into the YA-10B twin-seat prototype to test an all-weather night capable version. In 2005, a program was started to upgrade remaining A-10A aircraft to the A-10C configuration with modern avionics for use of precision weaponry. The U.S. Air Force had stated the F-35 would replace the A-10 as it entered service, but this remains highly contentious within the Air Force and in political circles. With a variety of upgrades and wing replacements, the A-10's service life may be extended to 2040.
The Sikorsky MH-60G/HH-60G Pave Hawk is a twin turboshaft engine helicopter in service with the United States Air Force. It is a derivative of the UH-60 Black Hawk and incorporates the US Air Force PAVE electronic systems program. The HH-60/MH-60 is a member of the Sikorsky S-70 family.
The MH-60G Pave Hawk's primary mission is insertion and recovery of special operations personnel, while the HH-60G Pave Hawk's core mission is recovery of personnel under stressful conditions, including search and rescue. Both versions conduct day or night operations into hostile environments. Because of its versatility, the HH-60G may also perform peace-time operations such as civil search and rescue, emergency aeromedical evacuation (MEDEVAC), disaster relief, international aid and counter-drug activities.
Developed from late-1970s studies for a "727-300" and first flown in February 1982, the 757 replaced the highly successful 727-200 in Boeing's lineup. These days, the newer Airbus A321 and Boeing 737NG/737 Max offer similar passenger capacity at lower operating costs, the tradeoff being somewhat lower range and takeoff performance. The one niche where the 757 remains common is trans-continental and trans-Atlantic flying, such as this, flight UA 510 from LAX to Newark, New Jersey (EWR.)
Pima Air and Space Museum
DAVID CLARK CO. MC-3 PARTIAL PRESSURE SUIT & MA-2 HELMET (LEFT)
AND
VKK-6M ALTITUDE COMPENSATION SUIT & GSH-6 HELMET (RIGHT)
The MC-3 pressure suit on display was developed by the David Clark Company in Worcester, Massachusetts, and the MA-2 helmet was produced by the International Latex Corporation of Dover, Delaware. Suits of this type were used by pilots of the rocket powered X-planes and high performance aircraft such as the F-104 and U-2 in the 1950s era of rapid aviation growth and development. They were replaced with full pressure suits in the 1960s.
Their Russian counterparts, the VKK-6M altitude compensation suit and GSH-6 helmet, were developed from similar designs used by Communist bloc countries in the 1950s. The VKK-6M and GSH-6 combination was used extensively through the 1970s, and though it has been largely replaced by more advanced pressure suits, the ensemble remains in service in some former Soviet republics.
The need for such suits and the principles behind both suit-helmet combinations are identical.
Following World War II, as aviation was pushing the performance envelopes of then modern aircraft ever higher and faster, aviators began to encounter severe physiological challenges.
One of these was the fact that atmospheric pressure falls off rapidly the higher one flies. Fully one half of the Earth's atmosphere lies below the altitude of 18,000 feet. Given that air pressure decreases even further with increasing altitude, aircrews needed a garment that would provide a means of preventing bodily swelling should cabin pressurization fail at altitude.
The visual of an astronaut in a fully enclosed space suit is fairly common, where air is fully contained under pressure within the suit.
Before the full pressure suit, however, suits such as those on display provided "pressurization" through mechanical means. These suits came in a wide variety of sizes to fit the wearer very closely, and final fit was adjusted to almost skin tight by a complex lacing system. The fabric of the suits was attached to inflatable tubing that ran along the arms, torso and legs by special strapping referred to as "capstans." When the wearer was exposed to extreme low pressure, the tubing would inflate against the capstans, tightening the suit fabric even more, mechanically countering the loss of pressure.
Kodak Vision3 50D 5203 shot at ISO 200 and developed in JOBO C41 press kit.
Taken with Minolta XD11 + 28 f2.8 MD Rokkor-X
Scanned with Epson V500
Detail of a small baby grasshoper, with beady facet eyes that are still in development.
The eyes are best seen at high resolution:
www.flickr.com/photos/peregrin71/7385219318/sizes/k/in/ph...
Linhof Super Technika IV 6x9, Schneider-Kreuznach Tele-Arton 5.5/180mm
EFKE sheet film 6,5x9cm developed in Rodinal at 16C for 14min in vintage ENVOY tank.
Well, if only I could!
Here's a vintage advertisement from 1953 for Bolton & Huzzard of Gainsborough in Lincolnshire. It would be great to have somewhere you could take your freshly exposed film to an artisan in a white lab coat who would lovingly develop, print and mount your pictures for you, all by hand. Nowadays you have to do it yourself or else run the gauntlet of indifferent quality & variable service from a supermarket with an "all in one" processing machine. Not here - the gentleman in the photo (might it be Mr. Bolton or Mr. Huzzard?) is seen loading photographs into the print dryer, one by one, by hand.
For Gainsborough folk, 88, Trinity Street, where Bolton & Huzzard plied their trade, is now a small computer accessory shop between the bookshop and the "Crop Shop" at the top of Tooley Street.
Developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Thiol-SAMMS is an award-winning nanotechnology with broad applications in the remediation, water treatment, catalyst, sensor and controlled-release markets.
Terms of Use: Our images are freely and publicly available for use with the credit line, "Courtesy of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory." Please use provided caption information for use in appropriate context.
On December 8th, 2012 P4K and EPN launched the Farmers of the Future program officially in Gueriguinde. Both the Minister of Education and the Minister of Livestock participated in front of a huge crowd of 400! This program is being piloted in three schools in Libore, with the goal of changing the mindset of children about agriculture -- teaching them that it is a business not merely a way to subsist.
Reinventing Bretton Woods: Joint EBRD-G20 conference before the EBRD's Annual Meeting in Astana, Kazakhstan
Developed by Remedy Entertainment | PC version | Screenshots taken with Hattiwatti's cinematic tools
6 August 2014 - UNESCO hosted the International Workshop on Open Data for Science and Sustainability in Developing Countries in collaboration with the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA), and Task Group on Preservation of and Access to Scientific and Technical Data in/for/with Developing Countries (PASTD) at the UN Gigiri Complex in Nairobi from 6 to 8 August, 2014.
The 3-day workshop was aimed to circumscribe the perspectives for Open Data and knowledge sharing platform in developing countries by exchanging views and concerns among policy makers, scientists and information and communication technology (ICT) experts.
ⓒ Masakazu Shibata / Unesco
www.yahoo.com/news/us-becoming-developing-country-global-...
US is becoming a 'developing country' on global rankings that measure democracy, inequality
The United States may regard itself as a “leader of the free world,” but an index of development released in July 2022 places the country much farther down the list.
In its global rankings, the United Nations Office of Sustainable Development dropped the U.S. to 41st worldwide, down from its previous ranking of 32nd. Under this methodology – an expansive model of 17 categories, or “goals,” many of them focused on the environment and equity – the U.S. ranks between Cuba and Bulgaria. Both are widely regarded as developing countries.
The U.S. is also now considered a “flawed democracy,” according to The Economist’s democracy index.
As a political historian who studies U.S. institutional development, I recognize these dismal ratings as the inevitable result of two problems. Racism has cheated many Americans out of the health care, education, economic security and environment they deserve. At the same time, as threats to democracy become more serious, a devotion to “American exceptionalism” keeps the country from candid appraisals and course corrections.
‘The other America’
The Office of Sustainable Development’s rankings differ from more traditional development measures in that they are more focused on the experiences of ordinary people, including their ability to enjoy clean air and water, than the creation of wealth.
So while the gigantic size of the American economy counts in its scoring, so too does unequal access to the wealth it produces. When judged by accepted measures like the Gini coefficient, income inequality in the U.S. has risen markedly over the past 30 years. By the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s measurement, the U.S. has the biggest wealth gap among G-7 nations.
These results reflect structural disparities in the United States, which are most pronounced for African Americans. Such differences have persisted well beyond the demise of chattel slavery and the repeal of Jim Crow laws.
Scholar W.E.B. Du Bois first exposed this kind of structural inequality in his 1899 analysis of Black life in the urban north, “The Philadelphia Negro.” Though he noted distinctions of affluence and status within Black society, Du Bois found the lives of African Americans to be a world apart from white residents: a “city within a city.” Du Bois traced the high rates of poverty, crime and illiteracy prevalent in Philadelphia’s Black community to discrimination, divestment and residential segregation – not to Black people’s degree of ambition or talent.
More than a half-century later, with characteristic eloquence, Martin Luther King Jr. similarly decried the persistence of the “other America,” one where “the buoyancy of hope” was transformed into “the fatigue of despair.”
To illustrate his point, King referred to many of the same factors studied by Du Bois: the condition of housing and household wealth, education, social mobility and literacy rates, health outcomes and employment. On all of these metrics, Black Americans fared worse than whites. But as King noted, “Many people of various backgrounds live in this other America.”
The benchmarks of development invoked by these men also featured prominently in the 1962 book “The Other America,” by political scientist Michael Harrington, founder of a group that eventually became the Democratic Socialists of America. Harrington’s work so unsettled President John F. Kennedy that it reportedly galvanized him into formulating a “war on poverty.”
Kennedy’s successor, Lyndon Johnson, waged this metaphorical war. But poverty bound to discrete places. Rural areas and segregated neighborhoods stayed poor well beyond mid-20th-century federal efforts.
In large part that is because federal efforts during that critical time accommodated rather than confronted the forces of racism, according to my research.
Across a number of policy domains, the sustained efforts of segregationist Democrats in Congress resulted in an incomplete and patchwork system of social policy. Democrats from the South cooperated with Republicans to doom to failure efforts to achieve universal health care or unionized workforces. Rejecting proposals for strong federal intervention, they left a checkered legacy of local funding for education and public health.
Today, many years later, the effects of a welfare state tailored to racism is evident — though perhaps less visibly so — in the inadequate health policies driving a shocking decline in average American life expectancy.
Declining democracy
There are other ways to measure a country’s level of development, and on some of them the U.S. fares better.
The U.S. currently ranks 21st on the United Nations Development Program’s index, which measures fewer factors than the sustainable development index. Good results in average income per person – $64,765 – and an average 13.7 years of schooling situate the United States squarely in the developed world.
Its ranking suffers, however, on appraisals that place greater weight on political systems.
The Economist’s democracy index now groups the U.S. among “flawed democracies,” with an overall score that ranks between Estonia and Chile. It falls short of being a top-rated “full democracy” in large part because of a fractured political culture. This growing divide is most apparent in the divergent paths between “red” and “blue” states.
Although the analysts from The Economist applaud the peaceful transfer of power in the face of an insurrection intended to disrupt it, their report laments that, according to a January 2022 poll, “only 55% of Americans believe that Mr. Biden legitimately won the 2020 election, despite no evidence of widespread voter fraud.”
Election denialism carries with it the threat that election officials in Republican-controlled jurisdictions will reject or alter vote tallies that do not favor the Republican Party in upcoming elections, further jeopardizing the score of the U.S. on the democracy index.
Red and blue America also differ on access to modern reproductive care for women. This hurts the U.S. gender equality rating, one aspect of the United Nations’ sustainable development index.
Since the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, Republican-controlled states have enacted or proposed grossly restrictive abortion laws, to the point of endangering a woman’s health.
I believe that, when paired with structural inequalities and fractured social policy, the dwindling Republican commitment to democracy lends weight to the classification of the U.S. as a developing country.
American exceptionalism
To address the poor showing of the United States on a variety of global surveys, one must also contend with the idea of American exceptionalism, a belief in American superiority over the rest of the world.
Both political parties have long promoted this belief, at home and abroad, but “exceptionalism” receives a more formal treatment from Republicans. It was the first line of the Republican Party’s national platform of 2016 and 2020 (“we believe in American exceptionalism”). And it served as the organizing principle behind Donald Trump’s vow to restore “patriotic education” to America’s schools.
In Florida, after lobbying by Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis, the state board of education in July 2022 approved standards rooted in American exceptionalism while barring instruction in critical race theory, an academic framework teaching the kind of structural racism Du Bois exposed long ago.
With a tendency to proclaim excellence rather than pursue it, the peddling of American exceptionalism encourages Americans to maintain a robust sense of national achievement – despite mounting evidence to the contrary.
Developed by Zoxen Enterprises in the year 2974, the Hammerhead was made to be an assault vehicle, and was used as such by various pirates after it was put out of production. It was known for being highly modifiable, and was considered one of the strongest, if not very fast, fighters of its time.
Developed in Microdol-X 1:3 16 MIn. 75 F.
Camera: Pentax K-1000
Lens: SMC Pentax-M 1.4/50
Film: Legacy Pro 100
Scanned from 5x5 lith print. Arista Liquid Lith Developer. Fomatone MG Warmtone Fiber 132
SEE THE CAMERA AT THE LINK BELOW:
Developed in the early twentieth century, these two buildings - the Millennium Mills and the far smaller Rank Hovis Premier Mills - are all that remains of a previously colossal mill complex that surrounds the pontoon dock. This site would have been astoundingly busy at its peak in the sixties, but sadly the decline in this industry led all the mills (and in fact, almost all industry in the area) to be wound down during the 1970's and 1980's. The Millennium Mills themselves would be some of the last buildings to close, only finally surrendering in 1985 when the Royal Victoria Dock closed to traffic, finally sealing the end for this industrial giant.
In 1865 Dr Hamilton Goodwin developed a machine to compete with that of his arch rival and fellow mechanical engineer, Charles Babbage. Dr Goodwin's machine, built around an old church organ, was designed to calcute advanced mathmatical sums by hitting the keys of the organ in sequence. The answer to the sum was then printed from a slot in the organ's rear.
Beneath the wooden shell of the organ were various analytical engines and procesing units, all given a boost in power by a steam-compression tank located behind the organ. Rumour has it that during the many years Goodwin spent perfecting the machine he added a number of devices inside the organ including a cooling fan, several more steam chambers and even a cage containing several mice.
Sadly, despite making the Steam Organ his life work, Goodwin failed to gain any fame or acceptance due to the machine's tendency to mis-calculate sums. It was also common for the print-out to read gibberish rather than the actual answer, such as the infamous incident when Goodwin showed the organ to Queen Victoria and it printed out a sheet which read '786TRAPPED! 01000101010!!?!>>NOT AMUSED WE ARE NOT 0111!'
Goodwin died alone in 1880 and the organ was donated to the local scrap merchant.
[Created for Reasonably Clever's LEGO Steampunk Challenge contest.]
Using pioneering new technologies in Superfoods and nutrition, CFTRI has developed amazing new products which are on show at CFTRI stall at Pragati Maidan:
· Chia and Quinoa based Chocolates and Laddoos;
· Omega-3 enriched ice-cream;
· Multigrain banana bar
· Fruit juice based carbonated drinks.
New Delhi, 24th November, 2016: CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), the premier national institute for food technology is exhibiting a range of new agri-products now grown in India, called Superfoods that bring health and nutrition best practices to everyday eating and living to the common man. The exhibits by CFTRI at the Trade Fair at Pragati Maidan in New Delhi both impress and surprise with the range and scope of their utility and potency.
The Indian population is presently going through a nutrition transition and there is an increase in incidence of diabetes, impaired heart health and obesity while there is still rampant malnutrition in the nation.
Keeping in mind an effective solution needed to address these concerns, CSIR-CFTRI is working on bringing Superfoods to the Indian population. CFTRI works on various facets of food technology, food processing, advanced nutrition, Superfoods and allied sciences. Superfoods are foods which have superior nutrition profiles which upon regular consumption can help improve health and wellness of the consumer.
CFTRI has developed the agro-technology for growing Superfoods viz. Chia and Quinoa in Indian conditions. Chia is the richest source of omega-3 fats from a vegetarian source and Quinoa has excellent protein quality and low glycemic load carbohydrates. Comprehensively, Chia and Quinoa have potential to improve population health and both blend seamlessly into traditional food preparations.
CSIR-CFTRI also infuses the spirit of entrepreneurship in their students. One of the doctoral students after completing her academic program started her own technology provider start-up company, Oleome Biosolutions Pvt Ltd. In a global first, CSIR-CFTRI in collaboration with Oleome, has developed a 100% vegetarian, Omega-3-enriched Ice cream called “Nutriice” using Chia oil.
CSIR-CFTRI is also in the process of the final phase of testing of diacylglycerol (DAG) oil, a unique cooking oil that has “Anti-Obesity” functionalities. One can consume it as part of daily regular diet and while the oil is available as energy but does not get stored as fat in our bodies. The final phase of human clinical trial is presently under progress.
CFTRI has also designed and developed snacks with advanced nutrition designs to support the nutrition needs of growing children. These have been implemented in the aganwadi levels to complement the existing government mid-day meal and will be scaled up soon. The products, such as Nutri Chikki with spirulina, rice beverage mix, high protein rusk, energy food, nutri sprinkle, seasame paste and fortified mango bars have been well received by the children and the anganwadis alike. Multi-grain Banana bar is a new addition to in this product portfolio.
Another exciting area of multidisciplinary research being done at CSIR-CFTRI is on nanotechnology, food technology and nutrition. Nanomaterials are known for their characteristic properties and CSIR-CFTRI is working on the use of nanoparticles for various applications. One of our interesting developments is the design and development of food packaging material with nanoparticles with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties to improve shelf-life of processed foods.
CSIR-CFTRI is also working on “Smart Foods” to answer specific needs of the consumer. These promising and specifically designed innovations are being developed for better sleep, better skin health, improved digestion, better cognitive performance and better stress management. The high science is brought into a simple food product, like a cereal bar which helps one to be more attentive over the day, or a unique dosa mix that helps in working out better at the gym with lower perceived exhaustion and even a special soup to help sleep better at night!
Speaking on the sidelines of the CSIR-CFTRI exhibition at Pragati Maidn, Prof. Ram Rajasekharan, Director, CFTRI said “Our mandate is to find innovative solutions to India agricultural and nutritional challenges. Our aim is to develop products to make Indian agriculture productive, efficient and at a consumer level gradually replace drugs with foods that will promote better health and wellness. We strive to deliver our best in improving food security and nutrition security, also developing a stronger, smarter and healthier India”.
About CSIR-CFTRI:
CSIR − Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore (A constituent laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi) came into existence during 1950 with the great vision of its founders, and a network of inspiring as well as dedicated scientists who had a fascination to pursue in-depth research and development in the areas of food science and technology.
CSIR-CFTRI is today a large and diversified laboratory headed by Prof. Ram Rajasekharan, Director, CSIR-CFTRI. Presently the institute has a great team of scientists, technologists, engineers, technicians, skilled workers, and support staff. There are seventeen research and development departments, including laboratories focusing on lipid science, molecular nutrition, food engineering, food biotechnology, microbiology, biochemistry, food safety etc.
The institute has designed over 300 products, processes, and equipment types. It holds several patents and has a large number of high impact peer reviewed journal articles to its credit. India is the world's second largest food grain, fruit and vegetable producer, and the institute is engaged in research and development in the production and handling of grains, pulses, oilseeds, spices, fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, and poultry.
The institute develops technologies to increase efficiency and reduce postharvest losses, add convenience, increase export, find new sources of food products, integrate human resources in food industries and develops solutions to improve the health and wellness of the population.
CFTRI has a vast portfolio of over 300 products, processes and equipment designs, and close to 4000 licensees have availed themselves of these technologies for commercial exploitation. The achievements have been of considerable industrial value, social importance and national relevance, and coupled with the institute's wide-ranging facilities and services, have created an extensive impact on the Indian food industry and Indian society at large.
With a nod to Daniel Kwan -- a big improvement and rather easier to fold.
This is a map I got from Wikipedia -- perfectly legal, of course. It's an SVG, so I could conceivably color the counties different colors.
But lately, I notice my brother wizards have developed a distaste for colored drawings, even if you color inside the lines, as my kindergarten teacher insisted is the only way.
Ah, well. Nothing wrong with gray areas, I guess. They're just a little dull.
Patan (Sanskrit: पाटन Pātan, Newar: यल Yala), officially Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City, is the third largest city of Nepal after Kathmandu and Pokhara and it is located in the south-central part of Kathmandu Valley. Patan is also known as Manigal. It is best known for its rich cultural heritage, particularly its tradition of arts and crafts. It is called city of festival and feast, fine ancient art, making of metallic and stone carving statue. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 226,728 in 54,748 individual households. The city received extensive damage from an earthquake on 25 April 2015.
GEOGRAPHY
Patan is on the elevated tract of land in Kathmandu Valley on the south side of the Bagmati River, which separates it from the city of Kathmandu on the northern and western side. The Nakkhu Khola acts as the boundary on the southern side. It was developed on relatively thin layers of deposited clay and gravel in the central part of a dried ancient lake known as the Nagdaha.
It is the third largest city of the country, after Kathmandu, and Pokhara.
The city has an area of 15.43 square kilometres and is divided into 22 municipal wards. It is bounded by:
East: Imadol VDC and Harisiddhi VDC
West: Kirtipur Municipality and Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC)
North: Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC)
South: Saibu VDC, Sunakothi VDC and Dhapakhel VDC
CLIMATE
Climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfa" (Humid Subtropical Climate).
HISTORY
Lalitpur is believed to have been founded in the third century BC by the Kirat dynasty and later expanded by Licchavis in the sixth century. It was further expanded by the Mallas during the medieval period.
There are many legends about its name. The most popular one is the legend of the God Rato Machhindranath, who was brought to the valley from Kamaru Kamachhya, located in Assam, India, by a group of three people representing the three kingdoms centered in the Kathmandu Valley.
One of them was called Lalit, a farmer who carried God Rato Machhindranath to the valley all the way from Assam, India. The purpose of bringing the God Rato Machhindranath to the valley was to overcome the worst drought there. There was a strong belief that the God Rato Machhindranath would bring rain in the valley. It was due to Lalit's effort that the God Rato Machhindranath was settled in Lalitpur. Many believe that the name of the town is kept after his name Lalit and pur meaning township.
In May, a chariot festival honoring the deity known as Bunga Dyah Jatra is held in Patan. It is the longest and one of the most important religious celebrations in Patan.
During the month-long festival, an image of Rato Machhendanath is placed on a tall chariot and pulled through the city streets in stages.
Lalitpur said to have been founded by King Veer Deva in 299 AD, but there is unanimity among scholars that Patan was a well established and developed town since ancient times. Several historical records including many other legends indicate that Patan is the oldest of all the cities of Kathmandu Valley. According to a very old Kirat chronicle, Patan was founded by Kirat rulers long before the Licchavi rulers came into the political scene in Kathmandu Valley. According to that chronicle, the earliest known capital of Kirat rulers was Thankot. Kathmandu, the present capital was most possibly removed from Thankot to Patan after the Kirati King Yalamber came into power sometimes around second century AD.
One of the most used and typical Newar names of Patan is Yala. It is said that King Yalamber or Yellung Hang named this city after himself, and ever since this ancient city was known as Yala.
In 1768, Lalitpur was annexed to the Gorkha Kingdom by Prithvi Narayan Shah in the Battle of Lalitpur.
HISTORICAL MONUMENTS
The city was initially designed in the shape of the Buddhist Dharma-Chakra (Wheel of Righteousness). The four thurs or mounds on the perimeter of Patan are ascribed around, one at each corner of its cardinal points, which are popularly known as Asoka Stupas. Legend has it that Emperor Asoka (the legendary King of India) visited with his daughter Charumati to Kathmandu in 250 BC and erected five Asoka Stupas, four in the surrounding and one at the middle of the Patan. The size and shape of these stupas seem to breathe their antiquity in a real sense. There are more than 1,200 Buddhist monuments of various shapes and sizes scattered in and around the city.
The most important monument of the city is Patan Durbar Square, which has been listed by UNESCO as one of seven Monument Zones that make up the Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Site. The seven monument zones were included in the World Heritage List in 1979 as one integrated site. The monument zones are declared as protected and preserved according to the Monuments Preservation Act of 1956. The Square was heavily damaged on 25 April 2015 by an earthquake.
Patan City was planned in Vihars and Bahils. Out of 295 Vihars and Bahils of the valley 56% of them are in Patan. The water conduits, stone spouts, Jaladroni (water tanks), artistic gate ways, Hindu temples and Buddhist Vihars adorn the city. The in built cultural heritage like the royal palace, with intricately carved doors and windows and beautiful courtyards adorned with exquisite icons enhance the beauty of the city. Such art pieces are found in stone, metal, terracotta ivory and other objects. All these artifacts exhibit artistic excellence of the craftsmen and the whole city looks like an open museum.
ECONOMY
A substantial portion of the population is engaged in trades, notably in traditional handicrafts and small scale cottage industries, and some residents work in agriculture. Lalitpur has produced the highest number of renowned artists and finest craftsmen ever recorded in the history of Nepali art.
Patan has maintained a culture of craftwork even in the face of rapid urbanization and many social and political upheavals.
The city is less urbanized than Kathmandu, north of the Bagmati river, but is home to many workshops, stores, restaurants, hotels, schools, embassies and other important sectors of the Kathmandu Valley economy.
Buddha Air has its headquarters in Jawalakhel, near Patan.
EDUCATION
POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION
Patan is home to Pulchowk Engineering Campus, one of the oldest and most reputed colleges affiliated with the Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University. Patan Academy of Health Sciences is the only medical university in the city with Patan Hospital as its primary teaching hospital, and there is another medical school - KIST Medical College in Lalitpur. Other instituitions of higher learning in Patan include Kathmandu University School of Management (KUSOM) and Patan Multiple Campus.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
The city is served by a number of private and public instituitions providing education from primary until secondary level. Among all, the largest and reputed schools are Adarsha Vidya Mandir, St. Xavier's School, St. Mary's, Little Angels School, Graded English Medium School, Rato Bangala School, DAV Sushil Kedia, Adarsha Kanya Niketan, The British School, Adarsha Saral Madhyamik Vidyalay and Gyanodaya Bal Batika School.
LIBRARIES
Nepal National Library which was established in 1957 AD was moved to Patan from Singha Durbar in 2061 AD. It is at Harihar Bhawan. Madan Puraskar Pustakalaya which awards the Madan Puraskar and Jagadamba Shree Puraskar literary prizes is in the city.
PLACES OF INTEREST
Patan is renowned as a very artistic city. Most of the Nepalese art is devoted to Gods, and there are an abundance of temples and viharas. Notable places of interest include:
Patan Durbar Square: The palace square and residence of the Malla rulers of Patan state which now houses a museum.
Patan Dhoka: One of the historical entrances to the old city.
Bhaskerdev Samskarita Hiranyabarna Mahavihara: A Buddhist temple known locally as Golden Temple.
Mahabouddha Temple: Also known as 1000 Buddha Temple modeled liked the Mahabodhi temple in Bodh Gaya.
Kumbheswor Temple: A Shiva temple with two ponds whose water is believed to come from Gosaikunda.
Ratnakar Mahavihar: Also known as Ha Baha, the viahara complex is the official residence of the Kumari of Patan.
Krishna Mandir: One of the most beautiful stone temples of Nepal built by King Siddhinarsingh Malla in the 16th century.
Park Gallery: an artist run space founded in 1970.
TRANSPORTATION
AIRPORTS
ROADS
Walking is the easiest method of transportation within the city as the core is densely populated. In terms of motor transport, Kathmandu Valley Ring Road which encircles the central part of the valley is a strategic road in the city. Connection to Kathmandu over the Bagmati River is provided by a host of road and pedestrian bridges. The most trafficked and important bridge connecting to the centre of Kathmandu is Thapathali Bridge. Since pedestrians and vehicles often have to share the same road, traffic congestion is a major problem in Patan. Efforts are being made to widen roads to make them more suitable to vehicular traffic.
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
Private companies operate a number of routes connecting Patan with other places in the valley. Buses, micro-buses and electric tempos are the most common forms of public transport seen in the city. Lalitpur Yatayat buses connects the touristic Thamel area of Kathmandu with buses stopping at Patan Dhoka, a five-minute walk to Patan Durbar Square. Lagankhel Bus Park is the central transport hub.
MEDIA
To Promote local culture Patan has one FM radio station Radio Sagarmatha - 102.4 MHz which is a Community radio station.
LANGUAGE
The original native language of Patan is Nepal Bhasa's Lalitpur dialect. Though due to the migration form other places to Patan, other languages like Nepali, Tamang, etc. are also spoken.
WIKIPEDIA
In a garden in my neighborhood. Mikasa, Hokkaido.
Canon AV-1, Sigma Macro 180mm F5.6, negative ISO100 for recording, exposed as ISO 240, developed with reversal processing as described before.
Monday, April 11, 2016
NORWALK – As school districts unfold their Teacher Leader Compensation (TLC) programs, they would do well to drop by Norwalk to see what this district is up to.
Now in its second year of implementation, the district has found that its program is not static. Far from it. Leader titles have changed as needs became more focused. And, indeed, some of the leaders have changed.
“Our TLC is constantly focused on the ongoing needs; it doesn’t stay in one place,” said Dawn Schiro, elementary director of teaching and learning. “We sit down with every group and all grade levels and get all of the feedback on what changes we need to make to ensure all needs are being supported.
“Since we first implemented TLC, we have changed job descriptions. We realized technology is huge so we now have a technology component. Some of the roles we had at the beginning we changed. It is ever adjusting. I don’t know if it will ever be the same from year to year.”
Developed by Ideum and the Las Vegas Natural History Museum Digital Dinos includes scientifically accurate dinosaurs that once roamed the area in the Cretaceous period, 100 million years ago. This unique projection-based experience allows visitors to interact with a variety of dinosaurs once native to Nevada and the southwest—and to do so touchlessly.
Learn more: ideum.com/ + www.lvnhm.org/
C-41 stand developed -- Fuji 100 film shot at ISO 100 with Voigtlander Bessa T and mostly Voigtlander Nokton 40mm f/1.4 SC classic. This was a test of diluted (1:9) c-41, stand developed at room temp (75 degrees F), for 45 minutes with 2 inversions at 15 and 30 minute marks.
The negatives were a bit funky with a dirty grey mask. I had some problem getting a good image on VueScan for a jpeg scan, however the raw scans worked well in photoshop.
Dngs in photoshop were dull, like the mask, but auto leveling brought the colors right out correctly. I dont have as much hope if one were printing.
I will try this again, I am torn between increasing the development or adjusting the EI down for more light. We will see.
The two mountains and Brith Sholem were shot with a hexanon AR 57mm f/1.4 adapted to the Bessa. There seems to be some difference in how the light landed...
Bleached for 10 minutes at room temp with Potassium Ferricyanide bleach and fixed in home made Ammonium Thiosulfate fixer for 10 minutes.
ZoomCharts at DevClub.lv: Developing a Javascript SDK
On January 15, 2015, ZoomCharts Co-Founder and CTO Viesturs Zariņš presented at DevClub.lv - a community of Latvian IT specialists that gather monthly and host free talks, presentations, and events to allow the local IT community to share knowledge, network, and communicate. Zariņš discussed the unique challenges faced in developing JavaScript SDK.
Here is a brief overview of his PowerPoint presentation on ZoomCharts, the world’s most interactive data visualization software that will support all your data presentation needs with incredible speed.
What is ZoomCharts?
What defines ZoomCharts advanced data visualization software? It is NOT another HTML5 charts library. It is:
- Interactive
- Fast
- Touch enabled
- Supports big data
A long time ago
DOS 6.2 allowed for:
- 320x240x8bpp
- Direct access to pixels on screen
- Assembler for performance
Today, the Web has finally caught up in the graphics department. Now, we have access to:
- Multiple browsers and rendering technologies
- Multiple resolutions
- Performance that varies by browser and device
Development setup:
- We write in JavaScript
- Commit to GitHub
- Build system in JavaScript
- Debug in Chrome
- Run automated tests
- Like WebStorm (and Vim)
Graphics:
Canvas (fast)
SVG (slow)
WebGL (>50%)
Interactive animations:
Zoom in and out of the graph, drag and drop data, all with your mouse or trackpad.
Graceful degradation:
High FPS (frames per second) lets you scale graphics with low image degradation.
Third party libraries:
- Raphael
- Hammer.js
- Leaflet
- Moment.js
Challenges:
- Responsive design: layouts can shift and look nice on desktop screens vs. not so nice on vertical, mobile screens
- Big screen resolutions: uses devicePixelRatio for sharp rendering, but no hardware acceleration beyond 2048x2048
- Safari compatibility: with 100% CPU, input events are blocked and browser locks up; strange code offers fixes
- HTML on canvas: DOM is slow; basic HTML markup must be parsed and rendered manually; text caching helps
Support:
- Process: TrialSupportBuy
- 1 day issue resolution
- #1 Tell me what I did wrong
- #2 Can you do…
Testing:
- Automated tests on every GIT push
Automatically:
- Compare images
- Record performance
- View errors in console
Interactive testing:
- Next step: record and playback
BrowserStack:
- Interactive mode
- Automated: Selenium API
Debugging:
Chrome Developer tools (F12)
- Debugging
- Profiling
- Timeline
Remote debugging available: developer.chrome.com/devtools/docs/remote-debugging
Future:
- More charts
- Extension API
- Memory allocation tracking
- WebGL
We are looking for statically-typed language:
- Error checking
- Performance
- Superior minification
- Easy to write and read
- Easy to call from JS
Building
Custom build script:
- Compile
- Minify
- Extract documentation
- Embed customer data
Check out ZoomCharts products:
Network Chart
Big network exploration
Explore linked data sets. Highlight relevant data with dynamic filters and visual styles. Incremental data loading. Exploration with focus nodes.
Time Chart
Time navigation and exploration tool
Browse activity logs, select time ranges. Multiple data series and value axes. Switch between time units.
Pie Chart
Amazingly intuitive hierarchical data exploration
Get quick overview of your data and drill down when necessary. All in a single easy to use chart.
Facet Chart
Scrollable bar chart with drill-down
Compare values side by side and provide easy access to the long tail.
ZoomCharts
The world’s most interactive data visualization software
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