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Orton Bradley Park is a private farm park run for the enjoyment of all.
[www.ortonbradley.co.nz/park-history.html]
1855 - Rev Robert Bradley and second wife Frances moved to NZ and settled at the Papanui Parish. Life was tough, and between weddings and services he ran a small farm to support his family.
1858 - Realising his interest in farming superseded his interest in the church he obtained Bishop Selwyn’s permission to give up the encumbency.
1859 - Rev Bradley purchased property in Charteris Bay, the beginning of 30 years of land acquisition: by 1866 the estate totaled 1600 acres. During this time he developed a dairy herd and sold dairy products and later processed meat for the Lyttelton market. Like most other pioneers he diversified the farm production and also planted large orchards and vegetable gardens.
1892 - Rev Bradley passed away. His son Orton takes over the property. He is the eldest of 9 children and the only one not born deaf. Orton was not very interested in farming, but more interested in science and is considered a pioneer in the field of ecology. He had a great appreciation for the vital role trees play in any ecosystem, and realised the need for diversification of habitat for a robust ecosystem.
Orton donated many trees that were planted all over the peninsula. To support his interests he leased much of the property in small blocks for dairy farming and market gardening. He did not marry and devoted his life to science and technology.
He was responsible for extensive plantings of trees not only on his own property, but as far away as Lyttelton and Akaroa. He donated plants for reserves in areas all over Banks Peninsula.
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This stone cottage is the oldest stone building in Canterbury. It was built in 1848 for use as a cottage for shepherds. This building was damaged in the 2010/11 earthquakes.
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A full complement of farm buildings remains, including a dairy, stables and implement shed containing carefully-restored working farm machinery from colonial times including a rare cocksfoot harvester.
The man who was in charge of developing Apple’s iconic iPhones and iPods has received a special award from the University of Salford, recognising his achievements since he graduated in 1988.
David Tupman was presented with his Alumni Achievement Award last night at a special preview for the Create at Salford Festival, which is a major showcase of the University’s student art and design, performing arts, music, computer gaming, animation and TV news broadcasting talent.
A garden tool shed and fence, circa mid-1800s, found in the village at the Landis Valley Museum in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.
4x5 for 365 Project details: greggobst.photography/4x5-for-365
Technical details:
Sakai Toyo 4 1/2 x 6 1/2" (half-plate) large format metal field camera with 4x5" film back.
Fujinon-W 210mm F5.6 lens in Copal B shutter.
Yellow-Green filter on the lens to help with contrast.
Arista EDU Ultra 200 (re-branded Fomapan) B&W Negative Film, shot at ISO 160.
1/4 second at F32.
Developed in Rodinal/Adox Adonal 1:50 dilution for 9 1/2 minutes @ 20 degrees Celsius in Mod54 daylight developing tank.
4x5" negative scanned with Epson V600.
Slight palladium toning applied to scan in post.
SONY a7II + SIGMA MC-11 ( EF-E ) + SIGMA 35mm F1.4 DG HSM A012
Developed by Adobe Photoshop Lightroom Classic Ver. 8.3.1
The temperance movement developed in Britain after the mid 19th century as a reaction to alcohol abuse, mainly amongst the working classes and their children. Temperance societies advocated moderation of alcohol drinking or total abstinence and were mainly associated with various church denominations. Temperance society campaigns were mainly fought by means of moral persuasion but also organised lobbying to restrict alcohol sales. This brought the temperance movement into conflict with the powerful brewing and licensed victuallers trade who in turn would organise their own anti-temperance societies.
The first major temperance society in Britain was the Band of Hope, established 1847 in Leeds. The Church of England Temperance Society (CETS) was founded in 1862 and within their first twenty years had established local branches throughout all the church dioceses. As the mid-20th century progressed, temperance movements gradually lost their appeal and influence they once had.
This is a scarce medal and is unusual in being enamelled. The usual CETS medals seen depict St. George slaying the dragon and are stamped from plain metal without any enamels.
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References:
www.newadvent.org/cathen/14482a.htm (Church temperance movements - an international perspective).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperance_movement (Temperance movements).
yaldinghistory.webplus.net/page82.html (Short article that gives an insight to the local workings of a CETS branch).
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Enamels: 3 (red, blue & white).
Finish: Gilt.
Material: Brass.
Fixer: Bale for suspension loop. It’s likely this medal originally had a ribbon and ficing pin.
Size: 13/16” across x 1 3/8” down, including the bale (about 21mm x 35mm).
Process: Die struck.
Maker: No maker’s name or mark.
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Thank you for reading.
Stuart.
Certificates distribution ceremony held of Developing Critical Mass
for Educational Reform in Chitral
CHITRAL: Since its inception in 2003, the Aga Khan University’s
Professional Development Centre in Chitral (AKU-PDCC) has been
offering a variety of high quality innovative programs for building
the capacity of schools and key stakeholders in Chitral, other parts
of Pakistan, and Afghanistan. Over 2600 teachers, head teachers, and
education managers have thus far attended various Certificate and
short courses offered by this institution. PDCC. has also developed a
number of schools as model in multi-grade teaching and ECED. Its
faculty have engaged in research and published a number of articles
and book chapters in various national and international journals and
books. PDCC has recently won a very competitive research grant award
from Higher Education of Pakistan to study the role of civil society
institutions in promoting cultural diversity and pluralism in Chitral.
A colorful ceremony was organized at PDCC to celebrate the successful
completion of two Certificate Courses in ‘Educational Leadership and
management’ and ‘Primary Education’. A total of 39 head teachers and
teachers graduated from these two courses. 22 out of 39 were from
government schools. Executive District Officer primary and elementary
schools Muhammad Siraj was chief guest on the occasion while there
ceremony was presided over by Sultan Mehmood Regional Program
Manager Hashoo Foundation. The ceremony was attended by
educationists, leaders of the civil society institutions, and teachers
community.
Speaking at the ceremony, Dr. Mir Afzal Tajik, Head Outreach AKU-IED
and Head PDCC highlighted key issues and hurdles in the way of
improving the quality of education in the district. He also
highlighted how these courses have helped the graduates to address
these issues and thus bring about positive changes in their schools.
He urged that bringing about positive changes in schools is possible
but the head teachers and teachers have to initiate the change. The
purpose of these courses was to develop the ‘change agents’ needed to
initiate and lead the change.
Siraj Muhammad, EDO Education Chitral, thanked AKU-PDCC for its
continuous efforts to enhance the capacity of schools and to develop
leadership and change agents for schools in Chitral. He urged the
graduates to implement what they have learnt in the courses and
assured them of his full support. He particularly thanked PDCC
leadership for their cooperation with the government education. He
also advised the graduates that they should work with full enthusiasm
and diligence.
Sultan Mehmood and others also lauded AKU-PDCC for its valuable
contributions to capacity building of key stakeholders in Chitral.
Mrs. Commandant Chitral Scouts while talking on the occasion expressed
her great sorrow on trend of cheating. She said that mostly graduate
and post graduates students could not speak transparently and they are
very poor in general knowledge. Although they have degrees but no
knowledge it means that they use unfair-means in examinations or warm
palm of Board and university staff. She said that during recruitment
of Chitral scouts some 31 candidates were pulled out from test hall
because of involving in cheating. She said that our head teaches and
teachers can bring positive changes. She appreciated decision of
provincial government to bound government schools teaches to enroll
their children in Govt. schools not in private one so as to couscous
about the future of their own children and they will teach honestly to
their students. At last Certificates were distributed amongst the
graduates.
G.H. Farooqi C/O Manager bank Islami Main branch Chitral phone No
0943-320737, 0943-316052, 0943-414418 , 03025989602, 03337069572,
03159698446, 03469002167
email: gulhamad@gmail.com
The Broadstone Gate will provide a key access to the Grangegorman site once complete and is being developed as part of the Luas Cross City works. It will be finished as a public plaza and the access will provide a major linkage between Grangegorman and Dublin city. The plaza is situated off Constitution Hill on the site of the old royal canal at the former Great Weatern Railway Station commonly known as Broadstone, and will mark a prominent entrance to the Grangegorman urban quarter.
The Broadstone site, which borders Grangegorman on its east side, was subject to a Part VIII planning process in 2014 in order to facilitate the site development and gate access.
Under the Grangegorman Masterplan, the primary urban path through Grangegorman – St Brendan’s Way will link with the Broadstone Gate which when completed will reach as far as Prussia Street. The link with Broadstone can also be seen as an extension to the 18th century historic spine of Dublin City which covered Dublin Castle across Grattan Bridge, along Capel Street/Bolton Street, Henrietta Street and King’s Inn.
In May 2016, the boundary wall dividing Broadstone and Grangegorman was removed, creating a historic pathway joining the two sites for the first time. The Broadstone Gate entrance will mark the first access to the Grangegorman site from Constitution Hill. The Luas Stop at Broadstone opened in late 2017. Works to the Plaza are ongoing and due to be completed by summer 2020.
I have a collection of old Sigma cameras.
The oldest working one is a DP2
The one that I like best is a DP3 Merrll
The most recent is the DP0 Quattro
The Sigma DP1 was a high-end compact digital camera introduced by the Sigma Corporation. It featured a 14-megapixel Foveon X3 sensor (2652 × 1768 × 3 layers), a fixed 16.6 mm F4.0 lens (28mm equivalent), a 2.5” LCD and a pop-up flash. It was the first "compact" camera that featured an APS-C sized sensor, a feature that Sigma claimed would result in DSLR quality images from a small, pocketable camera. My copy of that camera stopped working, on a very cold day in Brussels, about nine months after I purchased it.
A follow-up camera, the Sigma DP2, was released in 2009; it features a different lens, and they are being sold in parallel. An improved version called Sigma DP1S was announced on November 17, 2009.
Both the DP1 and the DP2 were close to unusable and did not really work above ISO 100. Both cameras were criticised for poor low-light performance and slow speed, summarised as "a great concept that needs a considerable amount of additional work".The user interface has also been criticised. Also battery life was terrible ... today when using the DP2 I managed to take no more than 40 images per battery.
In February 2012 it was announced by Sigma Corporation that an updated version of both the DP1 and DP2 series, known as DP1 Merrill and DP2 Merrill, would incorporate the updated 46 MP Foveon sensor of the SD1, resulting in substantially greater image detail. Another notable change of the 'Merrill' DP cameras was the focus ring was in the traditional location around the lens barrel.
In March 2013, the Sigma DP3 Merrill became available featuring a 46MP sensor with 50mm f2.8 and a new Face Detection autofocus. I am not sure when I purchased this camera but I got a big surprise when I discovered that it was not possible to process images using third party software so while the camera produced beautiful images I did not really use it.
Recently I decided to reconsider all working DP cameras and was more than impressed by the DP3 Merrill to the extent that I decided to get a Sigma Quattro DP1.
Even though it is not mentioned in the specs the DP1 Quattro now outputs DNG files making the camera more usable than the Merrill but I prefer the images produced by the Merrill.
Today I decided to experiment with the DP2.
We have developed speed, but we have shut ourselves in. Machinery that gives abundance has left us in want. Our knowledge as made us cynical; our cleverness, hard and unkind. We think too much and feel too little. More than machinery, we need humanity. More than cleverness, we need kindness and gentleness. Without these qualities, life will be violent and all will be lost. [...]
Hannah, can you hear me? Wherever you are, look up Hannah! The clouds are lifting! The sun is breaking through! We are coming out of the darkness into the light! We are coming into a new world; a kindlier world, where men will rise above their hate, their greed, and brutality. Look up, Hannah! The soul of man has been given wings and at last he is beginning to fly. He is flying into the rainbow! Into the light of hope, into the future! The glorious future, that belongs to you, to me and to all of us. Look up, Hannah. Look up!
Criamos a epoca da velocidade, mas nos sentimos enclausurados dentro dela. A máquina, que produz abundância, tem-nos deixado em penúria. Nossos conhecimentos fizeram-nos céticos; nossa inteligência, empedernidos e cruéis. Pensamos em demasia e sentimos bem pouco. Mais do que de máquinas, precisamos de humanidade. Mais do que de inteligência, precisamos de afeição e doçura. Sem essas virtudes, a vida será de violência e tudo será perdido. [...]
Hannah, estás me ouvindo? Onde te encontres, levanta os olhos! Vês, Hannah? O sol vai rompendo as nuvens que se dispersam! Estamos saindo da treva para a luz! Vamos entrando num mundo novo - um mundo melhor, em que os homens estarão acima da cobiça, do ódio e da brutalidade. Ergue os olhos, Hannah! A alma do homem ganhou asas e afinal começa a voar. Voa para o arco-íris, para a luz da esperança. Ergue os olhos, Hannah! Ergue os olhos!
Charles Chaplin
Photography is a great passion and the use of film is the highlight of it. This is the photograph of the equipment necessary in order to develop black and white film.
In early spring small maple flowers are transformed in a matter of days into winged seeds. I caught this maple tree in the action as its tiny red ovaries began to enlarge into seeds.
Maple flowers lack petals but they provide wonderful color when they are massed on the tree, reminiscent of the color maples provide in the winter.
Please join me in my blog “Botany Without Borders: Where Design Meets Science”
Developed by Horsch and Telth Systems as a fast response interceptor. It later grew an infamous reputation during the Sector 12 crisis where two squadrons of Hobgoblins were able to hold off the massive invasion force sent from Korba. One pilot in particular shot down three hundred and one Korbian ships, earning him the coveted Trillium cross.
The perfect strategic outsourcing solutions embody every single project need. www.freelancerselite.com
Center Gallery
111 Ellis
Wichita, KS
Exhibition: Final Friday, March 26
2010 NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHY FELLOWSHIP COMPETITION - "DEVELOPED WORK"
Visiting Juror: Natasha Egan, Associate Director, Museum of Contemporary Photography, Chicago, Illinois
Opening Reception: Final Friday, March 26, 7 - 10 p.m.
Exhibition Dates: March 26 - April 23, 2010
Gallery Hours: Friday 12 - 6 p.m. & Saturday 12 - 2 p.m.
$ 500 Fellowship recipient: Larry Robinson, Iowa City, IA.
Exhibiting Artists: Zach Abubeker, Chicago, IL; Roger Boulay. Albuquerque, NM; Jennifer Colten, St. Louis, MO; Mary Farmilant, Chicago, IL; Pete Herzfeld, Washington, DC and Eric White, New York, NY.
Work featured on the Center Gallery website, Honorable Mentions: Ray Klimick, Athens, OH; Brook Reynolds, Charlotte, NC; Rylan Steele, Columbus, GA and Amanda Pfister, St. Louis, MO.
Juror Statement: It’s always a pleasure to serve as a juror for such national exhibitions like the Center Galley’s Developed Work exhibition for the 2010 National Photography Fellowship Competition. The process of looking at each submission opens my eyes to a variety of exciting trends developing in the field of photography. The photographic styles ranged from portraiture to landscape, abstract to sculptural, and conceptual to dreamlike. Overall the dominant theme was a introspect view of the United States’ social political landscape. The seven artists I chose to include in this exhibition reveal the diversity in photographic theme and style seen throughout all the entries.
Larry Robinson’s work cleverly stood out in the submissions with its wit, absurdity and pop culture references. The juxtaposition between the projected images of food in the installations with their contrasting domestic or natural environments speaks humorously to America’s infatuation with food. Roger Boulay’s photographs of sculptural stacks of magazines speak beautifully to America’s consumption of media. Jennifer Colten’s eerie surveillance-like video stills of uninhabited places tap into the more anxiety prone culture Americans have developed since the September 11th attacks. Eric White’s examines the border between Mexico and the United States with particular focus on the security fences, surveillance stations and checkpoints. Through portraiture, still-life and landscape, Zach Abubecker observes Ethiopian immigration in the United States raising issues of assimilation and cultural identity. Mary Farmilant’s striking interiors of abandoned hospital spaces perhaps act as a depiction of the current demise of the heath care system. And lastly, Pete White conflates death notice photographs with weather reports in an attempt to illustrate the social political tension generated by death.
The caliber of the work submitted was stellar and I would like to recognize the following artists that I was unable to include in this exhibition: Brook Reynolds for her pictures of closed gas stations; Rylan Steele for his interior office pictures, and Amanda Pfister for her typography of closed car dealership throughout the United States.
Natasha Egan
Associate Director and Curator
Museum of Contemporary Photography
Columbia College Chicago
For more information regarding Center Gallery and the 2010 National Photography Fellowship Competition - "Developed Work" exhibition, please contact: www.centergalleryonline.com
Wista Zone VI, 90mm Nikkor, Fuji Acros 100, Stand Developed Rodinal 1:100 55 minutes.
If you would like to request license options on my images please contact me directly.
All images on this blog are copyright protected, registered with the US Copyright Office, and vigorously protected. In order to avoid what could be costly contact for you with my attorney, get my written permission before any use, additionally any approved web use of this image is also required to be linked to this URL and properly credited. NO commercial use is allowed without my written approval and compensation. Images are protected and their use is tracked using Digimarc™.
Camera: Minolta XD-11; Lens: Helios 44-2 58mm f/2; Film: Ilford FP4+ 125;
Developed in Rodinal (1+50) @ 21C for 13:49.
Impression of the Session "Developing a Vaccine Revolution with Imperial College London" at the Annual Meeting 2019 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 24, 2019. Congress Centre - IdeasLab
Copyright by World Economic Forum / Mattias Nutt
Jeffrey M. Drazen, Editor-in-Chief, New England Journal of Medicine, USA, speaking during the Session "Developing a Vaccine Revolution with Imperial College London" at the Annual Meeting 2019 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 24, 2019. Congress Centre - IdeasLab
Copyright by World Economic Forum / Mattias Nutt
A variation of the smart waterbomb. (Jun Mitani got me thinking about this again.) Reminds me of the seed pods you see on poppy stems.
Daylilies are seen almost on every farm house they line the old railway tracks and in the ditches out front of all homes in the subdivions in almost every town across North America. As far as in know this is the only Lily that is edible and delicious.Day Lilies (Hemerocallis species) – Slightly sweet with a mild vegetable flavor, like sweet lettuce or melon. Their flavor is a combination of asparagus and zucchini. Chewable consistency. Some people think that different colored blossoms have different flavors. To use the surprisingly sweet petals in desserts, cut them away from the bitter white base of the flower. Also great to stuff like squash blossoms. Flowers look beautiful on composed salad platters or crowning a frosted cake. Sprinkle the large petals in a spring salad. In the spring, gather shoots two or three inches tall and use as a substitute for asparagus. NOTE: Many Lilies contain alkaloids and are NOT edible. Day Lilies may act as a diuretic or laxative; eat in moderation. Information: Edible Flower Chart, Whats cooking.
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
In 1943, the IJN issued an 18-shi specification that included the requirement for a new interceptor. Japanese aircraft tasked with interception roles had by this time begun to be eclipsed by the newest Allied fighters and the IJN sought to ensure their edge was main-tained. Three contenders submitted their designs, and it would be Kyūshū's that was the most radical of them all: the J7W Shinden. The Kyūshū J7W Shinden (震電, "Magnificent Lightning") was a World War II Japanese propeller-driven fighter plane with wings at the rear of the fuselage, a nose-mounted canard, and a pusher engine. Developed by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) as a short-range, land-based interceptor, the J7W was a response to Boeing B-29 Superfortress raids on the Japanese Home Islands.
The man behind the Shinden ('Magnificent Lightning') was Captain Masaoki Tsuruno, a member of the Technical Staff of the IJN. Tsuruno conceived an interceptor that made use of a configuration rarely seen at the time of his design work, a design with canard fore planes. Canards were not a new concept, even in 1943. They were seen as far back as 1910 with a Gabriel and Charles Voisin design and later a Bleriot tail-first aircraft had incorporated canards. Tsuruno felt canards could offer a num-ber of advantages such as reducing the chances of stalling, improved controllability and maneuverability and easing some construction concerns such as the engine installation and control linkage arrangements. Tsuruno also believed the design could easily be retrofitted with a turbojet, when suitable engines became available, and the radical J7W was originally designed as a jet aircraft. At this time, the Shinden was known as the X-18. His ideas were worked out by the First Naval Air Technical Arsenal (Dai-Ichi Kaigun Koku Gijitsusho), which designed three gliders, designated Yokosuka MXY6, featuring canards. These were built by Chigasaki Seizo K. K., and one was later fitted with a 22 hp Semi 11 (Ha-90) 4-cylinder air-cooled engine.
By the time Tsuruno's initial layout for the Shinden was complete the IJN had already issued its late 1943 18-shi specifications for three classes of aircraft. The first of these covered an air superiority fighter (18-shi Ko), the second for an interceptor (18-shi Ōtsu) and the third for a night fighter (18-shi Hei). For the 18-shi Ōtsu competition, both Nakajima and Kawanishi had submitted designs: the single-engine J6K1 Jinpu ('Squall') and the twin-engine J5N1 Tenrai (or 'Heavenly Thun-der') respectively. These entries were based on the rather sparse directives of the specification which called for a top speed of 665km/h (413mph), a climb to 8,000m (26,246ft) in nine minutes and the ability to carry at least two 30mm cannons. To go with these two projects, Tsuruno introduced the X-18 to the IJN as a third competitor.
The feasibility of the canard design was proven by both the powered and unpowered versions of the MXY6 by the end of 1943, and the Navy were so impressed by the flight testing, they instructed the Kyushu Aircraft Company to design a canard interceptor around Tsuruno's concept. Kyushu was chosen because both its design team and production facilities were relatively unburdened, and Tsuruno was chosen to lead a team from Dai-Ichi Kaigun Koku Gijitsusho to aid Kyushu's design works. The aircraft was officially designated J7W; in the IJN designation system, "J" referred to land-based fighters and "W" to Watanabe Tekkōjo, the company that oversaw the initial design.
The construction of the first two prototypes started in earnest by June 1944, stress calculations were finished by January 1945, and the first prototype was completed in April 1945. The Shinden would carry four Type 5 30mm cannons. The Type 5, while heavier than the earlier Type 2 30mm gun, possessed a higher rate of fire at 500 rounds per minute and had a higher muzzle velocity. Each cannon was provided with 66 rounds. With less than eight seconds of 30mm rounds per gun, one hit would be sufficient to cripple and shoot down a fighter or bomber, therefore there was little ammunition to waste. Therefore, there were two Type 1 7.92mm machine guns, one on either side of the gun camera, in front of the nose. The purpose of these guns was not offensive but to serve as a ranging weapon for the cannons. Upon lining of his target, the pilot would fire a short burst from the machine guns. If the rounds struck the target, he would fire a burst from the cannons and be reasonably assured of a hit, thereby conserving the precious cannon ammunition. Each Type 1 was provided with 75 rounds of ammunition in a saddle drum magazine. For payload, the Shinden had a modest bomb carrying capacity of 120kg (264 lb).
The 2,130 hp Mitsubishi MK9D (Ha-43) radial engine and its supercharger were installed behind the cockpit and drove a six-bladed propeller via an extension shaft. Engine cooling was to be provided by long, narrow, obliquely mounted intakes on the side of the fuselage. It was this configuration that caused cooling problems while running the engine while it was still on the ground. This, together with the unavailability of some equipment parts, postponed the first flight of the Shinden. The aircraft turned out to be agile but not easy to fly. The Shinden was found to have a relatively fast landing speed at 240km/h (149mph), its massive propeller and extension shaft caused substantial torque pull to the right and the aircraft had the unpleasant tendency to drop its nose at any speed. Especially bringing the Shinden down safely was not a simple task.
However, even before the Shinden took flight the IJN was desperately in need of a high-performance interceptor. The Kawanishi J6K1 Jinpu failed to show any improvement over the Kawanishi N1K2-J Shiden-Kai (meaning 'Violet Lightning', known to the Allies as George) and the Nakajima J5N1 Tenrai was proving to be a disappointment by the time flight trials commenced in July 1944. With the failure of these two entries for the 18-shi specification, the IJN ordered the J7W1 Shinden into production in May 1944 and in so doing made the type the only canard configuration aircraft to achieve this status during World War 2. By September 1944, the production plans had been formulated with Kyūshū's Zashonokuma factory expected to turn out 30 Shindens per month while Naka-jima's Handa plant would produce 120 Shindens each month. While serial production was ramped up, work on the J7W airframe continued: the propeller-driven aircraft were soon improved to get rid of the handling issues: the front canards were placed at 7.5° positive incidence, the center of gravity was adjusted and the extension shaft for the propeller pointed 3° to the right and 4.5° down from the zero thrust line.
In parallel, work on a more potent jet-powered version, as originally envisioned, continued, the J7W2 Shinden-Kai. This was to be the turbojet-equipped version of the Shinden. The already available Ne 12B engine was rejected as its power was considered too low to effectively propel the aircraft. In any case, work was by this time under way on the Kügishō Ne 20 turbojet that was based on the German BMW 003A engine, the only turbojet built and flown in a Japanese aircraft so far: the Nakajima Kitsuka. Two of these engines were proposed to power the J7W2, but mounting them required a substantial redesign of the rear hull. A J7W2 prototype had been converted from a J7W airframe by April 1945, but it soon became clear that the aircraft was underpowered - it never got off of the ground and only made high-speed taxiing tests, before it was destroyed in a bomb raid. However, the aircraft provided some valuable information to refine a jet-powered version of the Shinden. For instance, the original narrow air intake slits turned out to be ineffective, and the canards had to be enlarged to improve balance and control.
Another variant of the Siden-Kai was the J7W3, and this aircraft was to use the Ne 130 turbojet, also based on the BMW 003A, which was being developed by Ishikawajima-Shibaura. The Ne 130 was to have produced nearly double the thrust of the Ne 20, and this promised to be sufficient to exceed the propeller-driven J7W's performance and warrant further development. Together with the data gathered from the J7W2 the resulting aircraft retained the Shinden's core airframe but underwent considerable detail modifications. The most obvious difference were new air intakes on the wing roots, leading in constant diameter ducts to the engines that were now housed in more organic and aerodynamically more efficient nacelles that ran along the fuselage flanks. The tail section was also extended, ending now in a pen nib fairing that moved the center of gravity further back and improved aerodynamics. The canards and therewith wing area was increased. To save internal space the landing gear was shortened, resulting in smaller wells. The freed space was used for two additional 125 l wing tanks and an increased ammunition load of 90 30 mm rounds per gun. Due to the expected high speed and frontline experience with the J7W's arrangement, the two Type 1 7.92mm machine guns were deleted. Since the landing gear was shorter and there was no propeller anymore to protect, the twin fins' shape was also changed: they became taller while the lower halves were reduced in size, and their overall area was slightly increased to improve longitudinal stability. Most of the wings and the hull remained untouched, even though the different engine arrangement allowed an additional 450 l tank in the fuselage behind the cockpit, which remained unmodified, too.
By the time the J7W3 entered hardware stage its intended powerplant also had made progress: this became the Ne 130-II, an improved design that was more reliable and produced 10.76 kN (2,420 lbf) / 10,000 rpm / sea level. Its weight was only 649 kg, and it featured one extra compressor and turbine stage for higher thrust, only lengthening the engine by 303 mm (11+15⁄16 in) overall compared to the original Ne 130. With these more advanced engines the J7W3 became a fighter to be reckoned with, offering a performance comparable with the German Messerschmitt Me 262 twin jet fighter.
However, in dire need for an interceptor that could cope with the incoming American high-flying B-29 bombers, the IJN repeated the J7W’s hasty decision and ordered the J7W3 into production even before the first prototype took to the air in July 1945, and a quota of twenty Shinden-Kai a month was given to Kyushu's Zashonokuma factory, while 120 J7Ws from Nakajima's Handa plant were to be produced until production was supposed to fully switch to the J7W3 towards 1946. It was estimated some 1,086 Shinden could be produced in total between April 1946 and March 1947.
General characteristics:
Crew: 1
Length: 10,80 m (35 ft 4 1/2 in)
Wingspan: 11.11 m (36 ft 6 in)
Height: 3.42 m (11 ft 2 1/2 in)
Wing area: 21.8 m² (234 sq ft)
Empty weight: 3,795 kg (8,367 lb)
Gross weight: 6,473 kg (14,271 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 7,130 kg (15,719 lb)
Powerplant:
2× Ishikawajima Ne 130-II axial-flow turbojets, developing 1,100 kg (2,400 lb) of thrust each.
Performance:
Maximum speed: 900 km/h (560 mph, 490 kn)
Range: 1,050 km (650 mi, 570 nmi)
Service ceiling: 11,450 m (37,570 ft)
Rate of climb: 20 m/s (3,900 ft/min) at max weight of 7,130 kg (15,720 lb)
Wing loading: 300 kg/m2 (61 lb/sq ft)
Thrust/weight: 0.31
Armament:
4× 30 mm (1.181 in) Type 5 cannon with 90 RPG
Underwing hardpoints for 4× 30kg (66lb) or 4× 60kg (130lb) bombs or 2x 125l drop tanks
The kit and its assembly:
This fictional what-if project is a personal but somewhat history-based interpretation of what could have been, inspired by the J7W2 model/conversion that Hasegawa offers for its propeller-driven J7W Shinden kit, turning the latter (outwardly) into a jet-powered version. As mentioned in the background above, the J7W was originally envisioned as a jet-powered interceptor, but at a time when no suitable engine was available or even on Japanese drawing boards yet. So it was – as an interim solution – modified to accept a radial engine with a pusher propeller, but with the perspective to switch again to a jet powerplant later. Over time the Ne-20 jet engine was developed, which was a simplified adaptation of the German BMW 003 – an axial design and rather slim. But it was experimental at best and not very powerful or reliable. It was used and flown on the Nakajima J9N Kikka, though, but even with two of these engines the aircraft was rather underpowered and far from an effective fighter airplane, let alone a fast interceptor .
When you then take a look at Hasegawa’s conversion offer (which only consists of a different end plate with a nozzle cone instead of the prop) for a J7W2 jet version of the Shinden, it’s bullsh!t because a) a single indigenous jet engine like the Ne-20 and even its more powerful derivatives would never have had enough power to let the J7W airframe perform like an interceptor, let alone fly at all, and b) the potential engine size/shape, which would rather reflect a centrifugal engine with a much bigger diameter. The shape and size of the air intakes would also leave some doubts. Another factor that speaks against the Hasegawa “proposal” is the fact that there was and is apparently no reliable design sketch or layout for a re-jet-engined Shinden.
This would not stop an ambitious model kit builder to try a personal interpretation, and effectively one that is more plausible than Hasegawa’s own rather lazy attempt. This eventually led to “my” J7W3, which took some inspiration from the very good and exhaustive description of the J7W in Edwin D. Myer’s book “Japanese Secret Projects (1)”. It discusses the potential engine options – which were all axial flow powerplants – and also suggests that there would have been some considerable hardware changes to the J7W airframe, like a modified tail section, a lowered/simplified landing gear, and therewith also different fins.
The basis became a standard Hasegawa J7W – and I had actually procured resin copies of the company’s own J7W2 conversion parts. However, I made considerable conceptual changes. The central difference was the decision to mount a pair of axial flow engines in the real hull, and I had resin upgrade parts for the twin J47 gondolas’ rear end for Hasegawa’s 1:72 B-47 kit in The Stash™. One of these was implanted into the J7W's slightly shortened tail/engine bay, adding length so that the aircraft’s center of gravity might be kept. Being much wider and flatter than the original radial engine I decided to add bigger air intakes, too, and to delete the original “slits” behind the cockpit. These were sanded away and replaced with the intakes from an Italeri BAe Hawk trainer, mounted relatively low in front of the wing’s leading edge. They look a bit modern (esp. because of their boundary layer gaps to the fuselage) but were simply perfect in size and shape. The ducts connecting the new intakes and the side-by-side engines were then sculpted with 2C putty and PSRed into the rest of the hull.
The cockpit was taken OOB, but I decided to modify the canards and give them more shape. I initially experimented with swept surfaces, but that did not look plausible and so I “just” mounted elevators from an Intech P-51 kit. Another mod was made to the landing gear: while the OOB struts and wheels were used, all parts were shortened and the respective wells were reduced in length/size accordingly, what moved the front leg forward and the main landing gear inwards, reducing track width. With less ground clearance and for a different look I also replaced the fins on the wings’ trailing edge – not an easy task, but I eventually found a pair of vintage elevators from an Airfix 1:72 F-86D kit, which were slightly modified and now occupy the original fins’ places. They are taller now, have less depth, and the lower section under the wings was dramatically shortened, too. That shape was inspired by an illustration in Edwin D. Myer’s book, and it looks quite plausible.
Another small mod was the replacement of the molded gun barrels with bits from hollow steel needles.
Painting and markings:
I considered a lot of potential options, including a bare metal finish, an improvised camouflage over that, or even highly exotic or speculative schemes (e.g. in all-over IJN grey-green or a very pale grey). In the end I settled for a simple/conservative IJN green/grey livery for land-based aircraft. Boring, yes, but the aircraft itself was already so exotic that I wanted to keep the looks more standard, and therewith more convincing.
However, I built the paint up so that aluminum would shine through here and there, and I painted upper surface areas in different shades of dark green (including ModelMaster’s IJN Dark Green and Humbrol 2, 195 and 239). The underside was painted with Humbrol 40 (Light Gull Grey), and the low waterline became quite wavy.
The cockpit tub was painted in a yellowish green (a mix of Humbrol 63 and 226) while the landing gear wells were initially painted with aluminum and received a coat with translucent bright blue lacquer, simulating aodake iro. The landing gear struts became glossy black.
The model received a light black ink washing, thorough post-panel shading in various mixed shades of dark green on the upper surfaces, plus dry-brushing with silver to simulate flakes paint here and there. The exhaust fairings were painted with Revell 91 (Iron metallic) and treated with graphite to provide them with an uneven and more metallic/burnt shine.
Markings came mostly from a PrintScale Kawanishi N1K kit, with typical late-war IJN markings. The yellow ID bands on the wings' leading edges were created with generic decal material (TL Modellbau) instead of trying to mask and paint them. Stencils were mostly taken from the Hasegawa J7W's OOB sheet. Finally, the model was sealed with a sheen acrylic varnish (a mix of semi-gloss and matt Italeri varnish) and the wire antenna, made from black heated sprue material, was added.
A project that I had had on my agenda for a long time, and I am happy that I eventually tackled it – and it turned out better and more plausible than expected! Despite the hand-sculpted air ducts/engine fairings the aircraft’s outlines do not look too fantastic, and the new tail section makes the Shinden look pretty fast, if not elegant. The shorter landing gear also suits the aircraft well, and I think that sticking to the classic green/grey IJN livery was the right move, because it suits the Shinden well and just underlines its “serious” origins as a real but undocumented development project.
Robin Shattock, Chair, Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, United Kingdom., speaking during the Session "Developing a Vaccine Revolution with Imperial College London" at the Annual Meeting 2019 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 24, 2019. Congress Centre - IdeasLab
Copyright by World Economic Forum / Mattias Nutt
Using pioneering new technologies in Superfoods and nutrition, CFTRI has developed amazing new products which are on show at CFTRI stall at Pragati Maidan:
· Chia and Quinoa based Chocolates and Laddoos;
· Omega-3 enriched ice-cream;
· Multigrain banana bar
· Fruit juice based carbonated drinks.
New Delhi, 24th November, 2016: CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), the premier national institute for food technology is exhibiting a range of new agri-products now grown in India, called Superfoods that bring health and nutrition best practices to everyday eating and living to the common man. The exhibits by CFTRI at the Trade Fair at Pragati Maidan in New Delhi both impress and surprise with the range and scope of their utility and potency.
The Indian population is presently going through a nutrition transition and there is an increase in incidence of diabetes, impaired heart health and obesity while there is still rampant malnutrition in the nation.
Keeping in mind an effective solution needed to address these concerns, CSIR-CFTRI is working on bringing Superfoods to the Indian population. CFTRI works on various facets of food technology, food processing, advanced nutrition, Superfoods and allied sciences. Superfoods are foods which have superior nutrition profiles which upon regular consumption can help improve health and wellness of the consumer.
CFTRI has developed the agro-technology for growing Superfoods viz. Chia and Quinoa in Indian conditions. Chia is the richest source of omega-3 fats from a vegetarian source and Quinoa has excellent protein quality and low glycemic load carbohydrates. Comprehensively, Chia and Quinoa have potential to improve population health and both blend seamlessly into traditional food preparations.
CSIR-CFTRI also infuses the spirit of entrepreneurship in their students. One of the doctoral students after completing her academic program started her own technology provider start-up company, Oleome Biosolutions Pvt Ltd. In a global first, CSIR-CFTRI in collaboration with Oleome, has developed a 100% vegetarian, Omega-3-enriched Ice cream called “Nutriice” using Chia oil.
CSIR-CFTRI is also in the process of the final phase of testing of diacylglycerol (DAG) oil, a unique cooking oil that has “Anti-Obesity” functionalities. One can consume it as part of daily regular diet and while the oil is available as energy but does not get stored as fat in our bodies. The final phase of human clinical trial is presently under progress.
CFTRI has also designed and developed snacks with advanced nutrition designs to support the nutrition needs of growing children. These have been implemented in the aganwadi levels to complement the existing government mid-day meal and will be scaled up soon. The products, such as Nutri Chikki with spirulina, rice beverage mix, high protein rusk, energy food, nutri sprinkle, seasame paste and fortified mango bars have been well received by the children and the anganwadis alike. Multi-grain Banana bar is a new addition to in this product portfolio.
Another exciting area of multidisciplinary research being done at CSIR-CFTRI is on nanotechnology, food technology and nutrition. Nanomaterials are known for their characteristic properties and CSIR-CFTRI is working on the use of nanoparticles for various applications. One of our interesting developments is the design and development of food packaging material with nanoparticles with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties to improve shelf-life of processed foods.
CSIR-CFTRI is also working on “Smart Foods” to answer specific needs of the consumer. These promising and specifically designed innovations are being developed for better sleep, better skin health, improved digestion, better cognitive performance and better stress management. The high science is brought into a simple food product, like a cereal bar which helps one to be more attentive over the day, or a unique dosa mix that helps in working out better at the gym with lower perceived exhaustion and even a special soup to help sleep better at night!
Speaking on the sidelines of the CSIR-CFTRI exhibition at Pragati Maidn, Prof. Ram Rajasekharan, Director, CFTRI said “Our mandate is to find innovative solutions to India agricultural and nutritional challenges. Our aim is to develop products to make Indian agriculture productive, efficient and at a consumer level gradually replace drugs with foods that will promote better health and wellness. We strive to deliver our best in improving food security and nutrition security, also developing a stronger, smarter and healthier India”.
About CSIR-CFTRI:
CSIR − Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore (A constituent laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi) came into existence during 1950 with the great vision of its founders, and a network of inspiring as well as dedicated scientists who had a fascination to pursue in-depth research and development in the areas of food science and technology.
CSIR-CFTRI is today a large and diversified laboratory headed by Prof. Ram Rajasekharan, Director, CSIR-CFTRI. Presently the institute has a great team of scientists, technologists, engineers, technicians, skilled workers, and support staff. There are seventeen research and development departments, including laboratories focusing on lipid science, molecular nutrition, food engineering, food biotechnology, microbiology, biochemistry, food safety etc.
The institute has designed over 300 products, processes, and equipment types. It holds several patents and has a large number of high impact peer reviewed journal articles to its credit. India is the world's second largest food grain, fruit and vegetable producer, and the institute is engaged in research and development in the production and handling of grains, pulses, oilseeds, spices, fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, and poultry.
The institute develops technologies to increase efficiency and reduce postharvest losses, add convenience, increase export, find new sources of food products, integrate human resources in food industries and develops solutions to improve the health and wellness of the population.
CFTRI has a vast portfolio of over 300 products, processes and equipment designs, and close to 4000 licensees have availed themselves of these technologies for commercial exploitation. The achievements have been of considerable industrial value, social importance and national relevance, and coupled with the institute's wide-ranging facilities and services, have created an extensive impact on the Indian food industry and Indian society at large.
"Developing Wisdom to Manage Emotional Energy in Entrepreneurship," Thursday 11.21.19 - Global Entrepreneurship Week. Photo by Andrea Price/Sacramento State.
Elisabeth Nunziato
"Developing Wisdom to Manage Emotional Energy in Entrepreneurship," Thursday 11.21.19 - Global Entrepreneurship Week. Photo by Andrea Price/Sacramento State
Tchula developed a thriving blues culture during the segregation era as a freewheeling home base and gathering spot for musicians throughout the area. “It was very energetic,” recalled guitarist Jesse Robinson, who lived in nearby Mileston and later became a leading blues figure in Jackson. “Musicians would just be playing all over the place.” The area's most famous performer, slide guitar master Elmore James (1918-1963), was inspired, according to local lore, by guitarist Henry “Nub” Craft. James, who recorded the classic “Dust My Broom,” gave a rural Tchula address when he registered for the Navy in 1943. Fellow slide guitarist Roosevelt "Hound Dog" Taylor, known locally as "Nitter" or "Niller," was influenced by Willie Collins and in turn taught guitarist Wylie (or Wiley) Gatlin (c. 1916-1983) when he lived here in the 1930s and '40s. In Chicago Taylor was the first artist to record for Alligator Records, and his “genuine houserocking music” provided the label with its theme. Tchula natives Gatlin and Woodrow Adams both moved to Tunica County and recorded in Memphis in the 1950s.
The Chicago blues scene once included a sizable contingent of Holmes County cousins. Albert “Little Smokey” Smothers played with cousin Lee “Shot” Williams and others, and when he was a member of the Paul Butterfield Blues Band, Little Smokey mentored blues-rock guitarist Elvin Bishop. He and his brother Otis “Big Smokey” Smothers (1929-1993) from Lexington recorded albums of their own, as did their cousin, multi-instrumentalist Lester Davenport, who also played harmonica with Bo Diddley. Davenport was the son of slide guitarist Neely Davenport. Cousins from the Brown family included vocalist Arelean and her brothers China (later a bandleader in St. Louis), George and King. Arelean was famed for her topical 1970s records “I Am a Streaker Baby” and “Impeach Me Baby.” Lee “Shot” Williams recorded prolifically as a soul-blues singer for many labels –including his own Tchula Records–and sometimes returned to this area to live and perform.
Jimmy Dawkins became one of Chicago's most critically acclaimed blues guitarists after recording his debut LP "Fast Fingers" in 1969. Dawkins, an advocate for blues artists' rights, later started his own publishing, recording and management companies. Guitarists Emmett “Maestro” Sanders and his cousin James “Quick” Smith played blues in Peoria, Illinois, and Sanders was also featured in Koko Taylor's Chicago band. Singer Bobby Foster (b. Tchula, 1941) recorded soul and blues in St. Louis and Memphis, while guitarist Matt Nickson (1924-2000), a Mileston native, was a veteran of the Buffalo, New York, blues scene. Lewis Clark, at one time known as the “Blues Doctor,” made a name recording southern soul as the “Love Doctor.” A track called “Blues for Tchula” was released on a 1994 CD by local medical doctor Ron Myers, a jazz pianist and promoter.