Title: Barefoot In The Head

Author: Brian W. Aldiss 1925-

Type: paperback, novel

Publisher: Ace

Copyright: 1969 by author

Pages count: 280

Edition: 1st Ace

Cover artist: not credited

Publication date: June 1972

Cover Price: $.95

Magazine appearance: not listed

 

Comments: One of the better looking Ace covers from the 1970’s and typical of Ace not to credit the artist. The cover strongly reflects the theam and content of the book.

 

Culpability: All images are from publications owned of Calwalader Ringgold /\ Weazel. Image scanning, editing and compiling of bibliographic data was performed by Calwalader Ringgold /\ Weazel.

 

Santo Domingo de la Calzada és una població situada al costat del riu Oja, que dóna nom a la regió, en el trajecte del camí de Santiago.

 

El seu nom i fundació provenen de Domingo García, després canonitzat com a Santo Domingo de la Calzada, qui creà un pont, un hospital i un alberg de peregrins, per a facilitar el seu pas cap a Santiago de Compostela, al voltant de l'any 1045.

 

És famosa la dita de "Santo Domingo de la Calzada, donde cantó la gallina después de asada", gràcies a un miracle atribuït al sant. En record d'aquesta llegenda es guarda permanentment a la catedral un gall i una gallina, en un galliner construït amb forja.

 

La Catedral va ser començada, segons els "Anales Compostelanos", l'any 1158, amb la finalitat d'acollir les restes d'un dels sants més coneguts i venerats en el Camí de Santiago, Santo Domingo de la Calzada, mort en l'any 1109.

 

El mestre Garçión, possiblement d'origen francès, va projectar un gran temple tardorromànic d'acord amb la importància del lloc, i del que encara es conserven importants vestigis, en concret la capçalera i el disseny de la resta del temple. Des del punt de vista arquitectònic destaca la seva estructura, amb una capçalera amb deambulatori que circumda el presbiteri, i tres capelles absidals de les que només la central és de les originals. Pel que fa a l'escultura d'aquesta part de la catedral, cal destacar per la seva importància tota la sèrie de capitells historiats del deambulatori i sobretot les quatre pilastres decorades que donen al presbiteri. En elles s'ha vist representat un arbre de Jessè destacant per la seva qualitat les imatges de la Santíssima Trinitat i d'un Rei David músic.

 

El cor de la catedral és una gran peça plateresca realitzada en la dècada de 1520 per Andrés de Nájera i Guillén d'Holanda, entre d'altres. La qualitat de les seves talles s'aprecia en els treballs de delicats calats o en la marqueteria dels seus setials. Els relleus de les cadires representen figures de sants i santes. Presidint, a la cadira abacial, es troba Santo Domingo. També és digne de ressenyar l'interessant programa simbòlic de tot el conjunt, reafirmat per una sèrie de sentències inscrites en molts dels respatllers.

 

El sepulcre de Santo Domingo de la Calzada és una obra en la qual conflueixen diversos estils per ser possiblement fruit de la unió de peces de tres sepulcres diferents. Romànica és la lauda sepulcral en la qual es representa al Sant jacent, gòtica és la taula en la qual es narren els seus miracles, i tardogòtic és el templet. Aquest va ser dissenyat per Felipe Vigarny i realitzat per Juan de Rasines en 1513.

 

El galliner, on s'aixopluguen el gall i la gallina com a record del famós miracle, és d'estil gòtic del segle XV.

 

Altres obres importants de la catedral són les capelles funeràries de Santa Teresa i de la Magdalena. La primera conté diversos sepulcres gòtics, el del centre de Pedro Suárez de Figueroa, i un bell retaule de pintura sobre taula de finals del segle XV. La segona és força menor en grandària però igualment interessant ja que és d'un estil proper al del gran escultor Felipe Vigarny. És d'estil gòtic tardà i en ella està enterrat Pedro de Carranza, maestrescola de la Catedral de Burgos. Destaca el sepulcre, la reixa i el petit retaule del pintor de l'època León Picardo.

 

El claustre és una obra gòtic-mudèjar en el qual destaca la sala capitular pel seu cadirat del segle XVII i per la seva enteixinat mudèjar com a sostre. S'hi exposen valuoses obres d'art com tríptics flamencs, orfebreria i altres importants peces escultòriques.

 

La llegenda del gall i la gallina

 

Al segle XIV pelegrina a Compostela Hugonell, un jove alemany de 18 anys que va acompanyat pels seus pares. En la fonda on s'allotgen treballa una noia jove que s'enamora d'ell i li requereix d'amors, al que el noi es nega. Despitada i amb ànsies de venjança, guarda al sarró del jove una copa de plata i després l'acusa de robatori.

 

El jove Hugonell i els seus pares es disposen a partir per seguir el pelegrinatge, quan arriba la justícia i comproven l'acusació registrant el sarró del noi. El declaren culpable i és condemnat a la forca. Els pares no poden fer res per ell més que resar a Santiago. De retorn a Alemanya, a l'acostar-se al cos penjat del seu fill per acomiadar-se senten com aquest els parla des de la forca i els diu que està viu per la gràcia del Sant.

 

Feliços i contents van a comunicar la notícia al corregidor que, just en aquest moment, està sopant opíparament unes aus. El corregidor naturalment es burla del que sent i llança la frase coneguda: «El vostre fill està tan viu com aquest gall i aquesta gallina que em disposava a menjar abans que em importunarais». I en aquest moment, les aus salten del plat i es posen a cantar i cloquejar alegrement.

 

D'aquesta llegenda va néixer la dita popular: «En Santo Domingo de la Calzada, donde cantó la gallina después de asada». Es tracta d'una llegenda molt similar a la Llegenda del Gall de Barcelos i probablement les dues tinguin un origen comú.

 

Pàgina a la UNESCO World Heritage List.

 

A Google Maps.

Nicole durante la filmación de su video CULPABLES.

 

Pena me da pensar que las próximas generaciones no podrán disfrutar del mar como nosotros, pero más pena me da pensar que nosotros tampoco lo hemos disfrutado como nuestros antepasados y no hemos hecho nada para poder remediarlo. Son ellas las invasoras o somos nosotros los culpables??

A la façana de la Casa de la Cofradía del Santo figuren els escuts del Corregidor de la ciutat, Diego de Ocio y Vallejo, i el de la seva esposa, que la van fer edificar vers 1556. Des de 1968 és l'Alberg de Pelegrins i seu de la confraria assistencial més antiga del Camí de Santiago. Fundada per Santo Domingo de la Calzada al segle XI, compta amb museu i un dels millors albergs a la Ruta Jacobea. Dins es crien els galls i gallines blancs que es col·loquen vius en el galliner de la Catedral en memòria del miracle del pelegrí penjat.

 

La llegenda del gall i la gallina

 

Al segle XIV pelegrina a Compostela Hugonell, un jove alemany de 18 anys que va acompanyat pels seus pares. En la fonda on s'allotgen treballa una noia jove que s'enamora d'ell i li requereix d'amors, al que el noi es nega. Despitada i amb ànsies de venjança, guarda al sarró del jove una copa de plata i després l'acusa de robatori.

 

El jove Hugonell i els seus pares es disposen a partir per seguir el pelegrinatge, quan arriba la justícia i comproven l'acusació registrant el sarró del noi. El declaren culpable i és condemnat a la forca. Els pares no poden fer res per ell més que resar a Santiago. De retorn a Alemanya, a l'acostar-se al cos penjat del seu fill per acomiadar-se senten com aquest els parla des de la forca i els diu que està viu per la gràcia del Sant.

 

Feliços i contents van a comunicar la notícia al corregidor que, just en aquest moment, està sopant opíparament unes aus. El corregidor naturalment es burla del que sent i llança la frase coneguda: «El vostre fill està tan viu com aquest gall i aquesta gallina que em disposava a menjar abans que em importunarais». I en aquest moment, les aus salten del plat i es posen a cantar i cloquejar alegrement.

 

D'aquesta llegenda va néixer la dita popular: «En Santo Domingo de la Calzada, donde cantó la gallina después de asada». Es tracta d'una llegenda molt similar a la Llegenda del Gall de Barcelos i probablement les dues tinguin un origen comú.

 

Pàgina a la UNESCO World Heritage List.

 

A Google Maps.

via Instagram ift.tt/1N3BjYf

BRIGHTON - ON : 105654

Built 1903, by William Denny and Bros, Dumbarton (Yard # 683) as BRIGHTON

GRT : 1129 / DWT : ??

Overall Length : 83.4 metres x Beam 10.4 metres.

Machinery : 3 shafts each driven by a Parsons Steam Turbine manufactured by Parsons Marine Turbine Co. Ltd., Newcastle

Speed : 21.0 knots

 

History POR = Port of Registry

1903: BRIGHTON : London, Brighton & South Coast Railway Co : POR Newhaven

1910: Brighton collided with the German five-masted ship Preussen. The Preussen was badly damaged in the initial collision and, when being brought back to port by a tug, was caught in a November storm that broke both anchor chains and led to the ship sinking. The Master of the SS Brighton was found culpable for the collision and eventually committed suicide in a London pub.

1914: Converted into a troopship.

1915: Converted into a hospital Ship with capacity for 140 casualties. During her period as a hospital ship, she made 973 voyages and carried 122,636 sick and wounded men.

1920: Returned to owners and returned to service on the Newhaven – Dieppe route.

1923: BRIGHTON : Southern Railway: POR Newhaven

1930: ROUSSALKA : Walter E. Guinness, Lord Moyne : POR Newhaven

1930: Converted into a private yacht. Steam turbines were replaced by 2 x 8 Cylinder Atlas diesels on 2 shafts. One of her two funnels was removed. Speed reduced to 15 knots (max).

1933: 25 August : Wrecked after hitting Blood Slate Rock, Freaklin Island after leaving Killary Harbour in fog. The vessel slipped off the rock and sank in deep water. Lord Moyne, guests and crew escaped the sinking vessel safely.

 

BRIGHTON photographed taken from a postcard dated between 1915 -1919 as a hospital ship.

Ship Details : Miramar / www.clydeships.co.uk / Book : Hospital Ships by Plumridge.

 

Vostè ( tu, tu mateixa ) / Pau Riba

 

T'has ompert els ulls de flors,

i la boca, nas i orelles

per ignorar el crit i el plor

tu vols sants, roses i estrelles!

 

Et tinc a tocar del dit

però no em veus, no pots sentir-me

ets feliç, ets molt feliç

i m'ho diu el teu somriure.

Mira! t'insultaré.

Diré a tots que ets ben podrida

diré que ets prou innocent

però és clar, no pots sentir-me!

Ja crido i no cal cridar

(ja és bo que em facis la cara)

però no m'escoltaràs

perquè no pots escoltar-me

i és que

 

tens els ulls plens de flors

i la boca nas i orelles

per ignorar el crit i el plor

tu vols sants, roses i estrelles!

 

Tens molt bona educació

calles sempre i obeeixes

no dius mai que sí o que no

però bé t'amagues i reses.

Mai t'has posat un per què

del que has vist o el que veus ara,

fas el que sempre s'ha fet,

creus perquè creia el teu pare,

vas allà on et fan anar,

fas de gent i així t'agrades,

i se t'han fet els ulls grans,

i la mirada ensucrada.

Perquè

 

tens els ulls plens de flors

i la boca, nas i orelles

per ignorar el crit i el plor

tu vols sants, roses i estrelles!

 

T'has casat amb un bon jan

que et fou triat amb esmera

i has sofert la seva carn,

una llei crec que ho esmenta,

Ho has fet sempre amb gran despit,

tot i morir-te'n de ganes,

perquè ets dona per fer fills

i és el Destí qui així ho mana.

T'has casat el cor glaçat

per solucionar la vida

mai no te n'has adonat

t'estic dient prostituta!

però

 

tens els ulls plens de flors

i la boca, nas i orelles

no vius més enllà del nas

amb els peus en la mentida.

 

Si m'haguessis sentit bé

t'hauries girat senyant-te,

buscant a per tot qui és

aquella de qui jo parlo

i jo només parlo de tu

que si el món és amarg i brut

n'ets la principal culpable: tu

que els teus fills no saps què parlen

que les negres les veus blanques: tu,

tu que sempre et justifiques

en la gran maldat dels altres: tu,

tu que amb rams de flors als ulls

et clavaràs patacada: tu,

tu que et moriràs per sempre

l'instant que deixis de viure: tu,

tu que no has fet ni desfet

tu que ni Déu ni el diable et

podran acusar o defensar

perquè

 

tens els ulls plens de flors

i la boca, nas i orelles

per ignorar el crit i el plor

tu vols sants, roses i estrelles!

German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 5684/1, 1930-1931. Photo: Harlip, Berlin.

 

German actor Paul Henckels (1885-1967) appeared in over 230 films, often as a supporting actor. He played in films by directors like Fritz Lang, Jacques Feyder, and G.W. Pabst. He also worked as a stage actor, a stage director, and as a theatre manager.

 

Paul Henckels was born in 1885 in Hürth, near Köln (Cologne), Germany. His father was the industrialist and painter Paul Abraham Henckels and his mother was the actress Cäcilia Warszawska. Paul studied from 1905 till 1907 at the Hochschule für Bühnenkunst at the Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus. He made his first stage appearance in Kotzebue’s Die deutschen Kleinstädter; and was a great success in the title role of Schneider Wibbel (1913), written by his school buddy Hans Müller-Schlösser. The great Max Reinhardt invited him in 1920 to come to Berlin. In 1921, Henckels was a co-founder and the artistic director of the Schlosspark-Theater in Berlin. Here he appeared in 1922 as Molière’s Der Geizige/The Miser. He later would work for the Volksbühne, Deutschen Theater, and many other Berlin stages. From 1936 till 1945 he was engaged at the prestigious Preußischen Staatstheater in Berlin under intendant Gustaf Gründgens. In 1921 film star Henny Porten discovered him for the cinema. After a minor part as "O. Henckels" in Das Geheimnis der sechs Spielkarten, 5. Teil – Herz König (1921), Porten gave him the male lead as the evil antagonist Jasper in Das Geheimnis von Brinkenhof (Svend Gade, 1923).

 

Among his other silent films are INRI (Robert Wiene, 1923) with Porten, Staatsanwalt Jordan (Karl Gerhardt, 1926) with Hans Mierendorff, Thérèse Raquin (Jacques Feyder, 1928) starring Gina Manès, Der Biberpelz/The Beaver Fur (Erich Schönfelder, 1928) opposite La Jana, Die große Liebe (Revolutionshochzeit) (A.W. Sandberg, 1928) with Diomira Jacobini and Karina Bell, Ariadne in Hoppegarten (Robert Dinesen, 1928) with Maria Jacobini, Der Unüberwindliche (Max Obal, 1928) with Luciano Albertini, Geschlecht in Fesseln (Wilhelm Dieterle, 1928), § 173 St.G.B. Blutschande/Culpable Marriages (James Bauer, 1929), and the Henny Porten films Liebfraumlich (Carl Froehlich, 1928-29) and Mutterliebe (Georg Jacoby, 1929). When the sound film was near at hand he was enthusiastic about the idea of a talking picture. He worked at the ‘practice of the sound film actor’, and directed a short film, Paul Graets als Berliner Zeitungsjunge (1929). The early sound film offered him leading parts in such films as Skandal um Eva/Scandal Around Eva (Georg Wilhelm Pabst, 1930) starring Henny Porten, Er und sein Diener/He and His Servant (Steve Sekely, 1931), and Flachsmann als Erzieher/Flachsmann as Educator (Carl Heinz Wolff, 1930) opposite Charlotte Ander. He directed himself in Schneider Wibbel/Tailor Wibbel (Paul Henckels, 1931).

 

Typical for Paul Henckels film characters is their accent and humour from the Rhineland region. He often played cranky and stubborn fellows. Among his films were Das Testament des Dr. Mabuse/ The Testament of Dr. Mabuse (Fritz Lang, 1933), Ein idealer Gatte/An Ideal Husband (Herbert Selpin, 1935) starring Brigitte Helm; Napoleon ist an allem Schuld/Napoleon is to Blame for Everything (Curt Goetz, 1938), Der Maulkorb/The Muzzle (Erich Engel, 1938) and Zwei in einer großen Stadt/Two in a Big City (Volker von Collande, 1942). Unforgettable was his character Professor Bommel in Die Feuerzangenbowle (Helmut Weiss, 1944). This is the second film version of Heinrich Spoerl's novel about pupils playing various tricks and jokes on their teachers. The twist in the story is the leader of the pack, the major cause of the teachers' headaches: Johannes Pfeiffer (Heinz Rühmann) is not a real pupil at all. He is a successful playwright with a Ph.D. One evening at the pub his friends discover that he never went to a school but was educated privately. The stories of their boyhood years persuade him to see for himself and 'be a boy again'. The film was made in 1944, so it is a bit astonishing that the Nazi censors were prepared to pass a film with such an anti-authoritarian message. Die Feuerzangenbowle is very well made and today enjoys a cult status in Germany.

 

Paul Henckels’ first post-war film was Wozzeck (Georg C. Klaren, 1947), based on the famous play by Georg Büchner. In this early DEFA production he played a cold and cynically experimenting doctor. His later roles were more stereotypical characters. To his last films belong Pension Schöller (Georg Jacoby, 1952) starring Camilla Spira, Hollandmädel (J. A. Hübler-Kahla, 1953), Staatsanwältin Corda/Prosecutor Corda (Karl Ritter, 1954), Kirschen in Nachbars Garten/Cherries in the Neighbour’s Garden (Erich Engels, 1956), and Bekenntnisse des Hochstaplers Felix Krull/Confessions of Felix Krull (Kurt Hoffmann, 1957) featuring Horst Buchholz. He focussed on his stage work and did recital tours, performing Wilhelm Busch and German classics. During the 1950s and 1960s he also appeared often on TV, like in Die fröhliche Weinrunde/The Cheerful Wine Bout with singer Margit Schramm, and in Nachsitzen für Erwachsene/Detention for Adults as a professor, who explained interesting phenomenons for a class with four adults (among them was film actor Hans Richter). In 1962 he was awarded the Filmband in Gold for his longtime and important contributions to the German cinema. Paul Henckels died in 1967 in Kettwig, now Essen. He was married with actress Thea Grodtzinsky. His first wife was Cecilia Brie, a former actress, with whom he had three children.

 

Sources: Thomas Staedeli (Cyranos), Stephanie D'heil (Steffi-line.de), Wikipedia, Filmportal.de, and IMDb.

 

And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.

Esta imagen pertenece a www.odisea2008.com

Referencia post:

www.odisea2008.com/2014/03/costumbres-y-vestimentas-china...

 

Betamax (also known as Beta, as in its logo) is a consumer-level analog-recording and cassette format of magnetic tape for video, commonly known as a video cassette recorder. It was developed by Sony and was released in Japan on May 10, 1975 followed by the US in November of the same year.

 

Betamax is widely considered to be obsolete, having lost the videotape format war[2] which saw its closest rival VHS dominate most markets.

 

Despite this, Betamax recorders continued to be manufactured and sold until August 2002, when Sony announced that they were discontinuing production of all remaining Betamax models. Sony continued to sell Betamax cassettes until March 2016

 

Initially, Sony was able to tout several Betamax-only features, such as BetaScan—a high speed picture search in either direction—and BetaSkipScan, a technique that allowed the operator to see where they were on the tape by pressing the FF key (or REW, if in that mode): the transport would switch into the BetaScan mode until the key was released

 

Sanyo marketed its own Betamax-compatible recorders under the Betacord brand (also casually referred to as "Beta"). In addition to Sony and Sanyo, Beta-format video recorders were manufactured and sold by Toshiba, Pioneer, Murphy, Aiwa, and NEC. Zenith Electronics and WEGA contracted with Sony to produce VCRs for their product lines.

 

One other major consequence of the Betamax technology's introduction to the U.S. was the lawsuit Sony Corp. v. Universal City Studios (1984, the "Betamax case"), with the U.S. Supreme Court determining home videotaping to be legal in the United States, wherein home videotape cassette recorders were a legal technology since they had substantial noninfringing uses. This precedent was later invoked in MGM v. Grokster (2005), where the high court agreed that the same "substantial noninfringing uses" standard applies to authors and vendors of peer-to-peer file sharing software (notably excepting those who "actively induce" copyright infringement through "purposeful, culpable expression and conduct"

 

Wikipedia

 

Is your loft a gadget graveyard? Research into modern homes by insurer Legal & General reveals a tendency among Brits to hoard outdated technology. A third of people said they had an old 35mm film camera in their roof space, 32% admitted to stashing old computers and games, while 25% were keeping hold of an old cord telephone.

 

The research certainly rings true for me. As I grew up, all-but-defunct technology was frequently lugged up the ladder to the loft, to be replaced by nice almost-new electronics. By the time I left home my family's roof space housed a Commodore Pet, an Archimedes and a ZX Spectrum. And a box of Betamax videos (my dad backed the wrong horse on that one).

Sketches from the courtroom of the first trial of the Baltimore police officers accused of being culpable in the death of Freddie Gray. www.washingtonpost.com/news/drawing-dc-together/

reviewed by CR:

"The time is out of joint; O cursed spite!/That ever I was born to set it right!"...Hamlet

 

Speaking Vic: "The time" Ragle said, "is out of joint - I think we should compare notes" from Time Out Of Joint

 

"Time Out of Joint", first published in 1959, is not one of his PKD's better known or critically acclaimed novels. Nonetheless it is a story I greatly admire. It concerns a man, Ragle Gumm, who makes his living by consistently correctly solving a newspaper puzzle contest: "Where Will the Little Green Man be Next?"

 

At first this odd story appears quite mundane. Set against the background of small town suburbia life in the 1950's - nothing appears to out of the ordinary. Ragle Gumm's brother-in-law is a grocer, his young nephew gets into minor schoolboy mischief, he plays cards in the evening and there is an undercurrent of infidelity with the neighbor's wife. Slowly like a cat creeping across the lawn on a moonless night the weirdness starts to set in. Someone looks for a pull cord for a bathroom light they swore was always there and finds a wall switch. Small slips of paper with item names are found under or near where the item previously was thought to be located. Televisions are found in homes but no radios.

 

A modestly paced story that engaged this reader as the plot unfolds but, unfortunately, marred by an ending that seem forced and out of place. It is my oppinion that the more you know about PKD the better you can appreciate this story.

 

Additional comments August 2012

I re-read this novel recently and it occurred to me that part of its charm is the "period" the story is set in. Dick wrote it in 1957-8 and peppers his story with references to then popular culture and politics. The seemingly abrupt "science-fiction" endings becomes more credible upon another reading.

A strange and intriguing book worth another read if you're so inclined.

TITLE: Time Out of Joint

AUTHOR: Philip Kindred Dick 1928-82

TYPE: paperback novel

PUBLISHER: Belmont

COVER PRICE: $.50

ISBN:

PAGES: 175

COPYRIGHT: 1959 by author

PUB DATE: February 1965

EDITION: 1st paperback edition, prior hb

COVER ARTIST:

ISFDB: verified

INDEX: 0133 - Time Out of Joint - 022 - PKD - IFB - Belmont

 

QUOTE “This is Managing Director Dill,” the teacher said, “The Coordinating Director of the Unity System.” Managing Director Dill is responsible only to Vulcan 3. No human being except Director Dill is permitted to approach the computer banks. “Mr. Dill,” a girl’s voice came. “Can I ask you something?” “Certainly,” Dill said halting briefly at the classroom door. “Director Dill, don’t you feel ashamed of yourself when you let a machine tell you what to do?”…from Vulcan’s Hammer by Philip K. Dick

  

CULPABILITY: All images posted are from publications owned by RC/\Weazel. RC/\Weazel performed image scanning, editing and the compiling of bibliographic data.

ISFDB: Internet Speculative Fiction Data Base.

RATING: On a scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being great and 1 don’t read.

NO entry indicates specific information not available from book.

 

Oh dear, how fucking sad. One less right-wing piece of shit staining this planet with his vile hate.

 

**FILE** The Rev. Jerry Falwell speaks at the SBC Pastors' Conference on in a June 20, 2005 file photo in Nashville, Tenn. A Liberty University executive says the Rev. Jerry Falwell has died. (AP Photo/Mark Humphrey, File)

 

He was actually pronounced brain dead thirty seven years ago...

  

news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070515/ap_on_re_us/jerry_falwell

Impeachment is the process by which a legislative body levels charges against a government official. Impeachment does not in itself remove the official definitively from office; it is similar to an indictment in criminal law, and thus it is essentially the statement of charges against the official. Whereas in some countries the individual is provisionally removed, in others they can remain in office during the trial. Once impeached, an individual must then face the possibility of conviction on the charges by a legislative vote, which is separate from the impeachment, but flows from it, and a judgment which convicts the official on the articles of impeachment entails the official's definitive removal from office.

 

Because impeachment and conviction of officials involve an overturning of the normal constitutional procedures by which individuals achieve high office (election, ratification, or appointment) and because it generally requires a supermajority, they are usually reserved for those deemed to have committed serious abuses of their office.[1] In the United States, for example, impeachment at the federal level is limited to those who may have committed "Treason, Bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors[2]".

 

Impeachment exists under constitutional law in many countries around the world, including Brazil, France, India, Ireland, the Philippines, Russia, South Korea, and the United States.

  

Contents

1Etymology and history

2In various jurisdictions

2.1Austria

2.2Brazil

2.3Bulgaria

2.4Croatia

2.5Czech Republic

2.6France

2.7Germany

2.8Hong Kong

2.9Hungary

2.10Iceland

2.11India

2.12Iran

2.13Ireland

2.14Italy

2.15Liechtenstein

2.16Lithuania

2.17Norway

2.18Pakistan

2.19Philippines

2.19.1Impeachable offenses and officials

2.19.2Impeachment proceedings and attempts

2.20Peru

2.21Poland

2.22Romania

2.23Russia

2.24Singapore

2.25South Korea (Republic of Korea)

2.26Taiwan

2.27Turkey

2.28Ukraine

2.29United Kingdom

2.30United States

3See also

4References

5Further reading

Etymology and history[edit]

 

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

Find sources: "Impeachment" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

The word "impeachment" likely derives from Old French empeechier from Latin word impedīre expressing the idea of catching or ensnaring by the 'foot' (pes, pedis), and has analogues in the modern French verb empêcher (to prevent) and the modern English impede. Medieval popular etymology also associated it (wrongly) with derivations from the Latin impetere (to attack). Some contend that the word comes from the Latin impicare (through the late-Latin impiciare, impiciamentum), that is the punishment that in Latin antiquity they gave to parricides, consisting in throwing them into the sea confined in a culleus, namely a sac made of esparto or hide and covered with pitch or bitumen on the outside, so that the water delayed in entering; they sometimes confined some aggressive beasts with the convict so to increase his last torments ("Culleus, tunica ex sparto im modum crumenae facta, quae liniebatur a populo pice et bitumine, in qua imcludebantur parricidae cum simia, serpente, et gallo; insuta mittebatur in mare et, contendentibus inter se animantibus, homo maioribus poenis afficiebatur").[3]

 

The process was first used by the English "Good Parliament" against Baron Latimer in the second half of the 14th century. Following the British example, the constitutions of Virginia (1776), Massachusetts (1780) and other states thereafter adopted the impeachment mechanism, but they restricted the punishment to removal of the official from office.

 

In various jurisdictions[edit]

Austria Austria[edit]

 

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

Find sources: "Impeachment" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

The Austrian Federal President can be impeached by the Federal Assembly (Bundesversammlung) before the Constitutional Court. The constitution also provides for the recall of the president by a referendum. Neither of these courses has ever been taken. This is likely because while Austrian Presidents are vested with considerable powers on paper, they act as a largely ceremonial figurehead in practice, and are thus unlikely to abuse their powers.

 

Brazil Brazil[edit]

See also: Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff and Impeachment proposals against Michel Temer

The President of the Federative Republic of Brazil may be impeached by the Chamber of Deputies and tried and removed from office by the Federal Senate. The Brazilian Constitution requires that two-thirds of the Deputies vote in favor of the impeachment of the President and two-thirds of the Senators vote for conviction in the subsequent trial for removal from office. State governors and municipal mayors can also be impeached, tried and removed by the respective legislative bodies. Upon conviction, the officeholder has their political rights revoked for eight years—which bars them from running for any office during that time.

 

Fernando Collor de Mello, the 32nd President of Brazil, resigned in 1992 amidst impeachment proceedings. Despite his resignation, the Senate nonetheless voted to convict him and bar him from holding any office for eight years, due to evidence of bribery and misappropriation.

 

In 2016, the Chamber of Deputies initiated an impeachment case against President Dilma Rousseff on allegations of budgetary mismanagement.[4] Following her impeachment by the Chamber of Deputies and her conviction by trial in the Senate, she was definitively replaced by Vice President Michel Temer, who had served as acting president while Rousseff's case was pending in the Senate.[5]

 

Bulgaria Bulgaria[edit]

 

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

Find sources: "Impeachment" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

The President of Bulgaria can be removed only for high treason or violation of the constitution. The process is started by a two-thirds majority vote of the Parliament to impeach the President, whereupon the Constitutional Court decides whether the President is guilty of the crime of which he is charged. If he is found guilty, he is removed from power. No Bulgarian President has ever been impeached. The same procedure can be used to remove the Vice President of Bulgaria, which has also never happened.

 

Croatia Croatia[edit]

The process of impeaching the President of Croatia can be initiated by a two-thirds majority vote in favor in the Sabor and is thereafter referred to the Constitutional Court, which must accept such a proposal with a two-thirds majority vote in favor in order for the president to be removed from office. This has never occurred in the history of the Republic of Croatia. In case of a successful impeachment motion a president's constitutional term of five years would be terminated and an election called within 60 days of the vacancy occurring. During the period of vacancy the presidential powers and duties would be carried out by the Speaker of the Croatian Parliament in his/her capacity as Acting President of the Republic.[6]

 

Czech Republic Czech Republic[edit]

In 2013, the constitution was changed. Since 2013, the process can be started by at least three-fifths of present senators, and must be approved by at least three-fifths of all members of Parliament. Also, the President can be impeached for high treason (newly defined in the Constitution) or any serious infringement of the Constitution.[7]

 

The process starts in the Senate of the Czech Republic which has the right to only impeach the president, and the Senate passes the case to the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, which has to decide the verdict against the President. If the Court finds the President guilty, then the President is removed from office and is permanently barred from being elected President of the Czech Republic again.[8]

 

No Czech president has ever been impeached, though members of the Senate sought to impeach President Vaclav Klaus in 2013.[9] This case was dismissed by the court, which reasoned that his mandate had expired.[10]

 

France France[edit]

In France the comparable procedure is called la destitution. The President of France can be impeached by the French Parliament for willfully violating the Constitution or the national laws. The process of impeachment is written in the 68th article of the French Constitution.[11] A group of senators or a group of members of the National Assembly can begin the process. Then, both the French National Assembly and the French Senate have to acknowledge the impeachment. After the upper and lower houses' agreement, they unite to form the High Court. Finally, the High Court must decide to declare the impeachment of the President of France—or not.

 

Germany Germany[edit]

The Federal President of Germany can be impeached both by the Bundestag and by the Bundesrat for willfully violating federal law. Once the Bundestag or the Bundesrat impeaches the president, the Federal Constitutional Court decides whether the President is guilty as charged and, if this is the case, whether to remove him or her from office. The Federal Constitutional Court also has the power to remove federal judges from office for willfully violating core principles of the federal constitution or a state constitution. The impeachment procedure is regulated in Article 61 of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany.

 

There is no formal impeachment process for the Chancellor of Germany, however the Bundestag can replace the chancellor at any time by voting for a new chancellor (constructive vote of no confidence, Article 67 of the Basic Law).

 

There has never been an impeachment against the President so far. Constructive votes of no confidence against the Chancellor occurred in 1972 and 1982, with only the second one being successful.

 

Hong Kong Hong Kong[edit]

The Chief Executive of Hong Kong can be impeached by the Legislative Council. A motion for investigation, initiated jointly by at least one-fourth of all the legislators charging the Chief Executive with "serious breach of law or dereliction of duty" and refusing to resign, shall first be passed by the Council. An independent investigation committee, chaired by the Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal, will then carry out the investigation and report back to the Council. If the Council find the evidence sufficient to substantiate the charges, it may pass a motion of impeachment by a two-thirds majority.[12]:Article 73(9)

 

However, the Legislative Council does not have the power to actually remove the Chief Executive from office, as the Chief Executive is appointed by the Central People's Government (State Council of China). The Council can only report the result to the Central People's Government for its decision.[12]:Article 45

 

Hungary Hungary[edit]

Article 13 of Hungary's Fundamental Law (constitution) provides for the process of impeaching and removing the President. The President enjoys immunity from criminal prosecution while in office, but may be charged with crimes committed during his term afterwards. Should the President violate the constitution while discharging his duties or commit a willful criminal offense, he may be removed from office. Removal proceedings may be proposed by the concurring recommendation of one-fifth of the 199 members of the country's unicameral Parliament. Parliament votes on the proposal by secret ballot, and if two thirds of all representatives agree, the President is impeached. Once impeached, the President's powers are suspended, and the Constitutional Court decides whether or not the President should be removed from office.[13][14]

 

Iceland Iceland[edit]

 

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

Find sources: "Impeachment" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

The Constitution of Iceland does not provide a process to impeach the President of Iceland. The President can be removed from office by a three-fourths majority in Parliament and a subsequent majority in a referendum. Cabinet ministers can be impeached by Parliament and their cases are adjudicated by the National Court. Since cabinet ministers can be relieved of duty only by the President, a guilty verdict can result in only a fine or imprisonment.

 

India India[edit]

The president and judges, including the chief justice of the supreme court and high courts, can be impeached by the parliament before the expiry of the term for violation of the Constitution. Other than impeachment, no other penalty can be given to a president in position for the violation of the Constitution under Article 361 of the constitution. However a president after his/her term/removal can be punished for his already proven unlawful activity under disrespecting the constitution, etc.[15] No president has faced impeachment proceedings. Hence, the provisions for impeachment have never been tested. The sitting president cannot be charged and needs to step down in order for that to happen.

 

Iran Iran[edit]

 

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

Find sources: "Impeachment" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

The Assembly of Experts can impeach the Supreme Leader of Iran and appoint a new one.

 

The President of Iran can be impeached jointly by the members of the Assembly (Majlis) and the Supreme Leader. A new presidential election is then triggered. Abolhassan Banisadr, Iran's first president, was impeached in June 1981 and removed from the office. Mohammad-Ali Rajai was elected as the new president.

 

Cabinet ministers can be impeached by the members of the Assembly. Presidential appointment of a new minister is subject to a parliamentary vote of confidence. Impeachment of ministers has been a fairly commonly-used tactic in the power struggle between the president and the assembly during the last several governments.

 

Republic of Ireland Ireland[edit]

In the Republic of Ireland formal impeachment applies only to the Irish president. Article 12 of the Irish Constitution provides that, unless judged to be "permanently incapacitated" by the Supreme Court, the president can be removed from office only by the houses of the Oireachtas (parliament) and only for the commission of "stated misbehaviour". Either house of the Oireachtas may impeach the president, but only by a resolution approved by a majority of at least two thirds of its total number of members; and a house may not consider a proposal for impeachment unless requested to do so by at least thirty of its number.

 

Where one house impeaches the president, the remaining house either investigates the charge or commissions another body or committee to do so. The investigating house can remove the president if it decides, by at least a two-thirds majority of its members, both that the president is guilty of the charge and that the charge is sufficiently serious as to warrant the president's removal. To date no impeachment of an Irish president has ever taken place. The president holds a largely ceremonial office, the dignity of which is considered important, so it is likely that a president would resign from office long before undergoing formal conviction or impeachment.

 

The Republic's Constitution and law also provide that only a joint resolution of both houses of the Oireachtas may remove a judge. Although often referred to as the "impeachment" of a judge, this procedure does not technically involve impeachment.[16]

 

Italy Italy[edit]

In Italy, according to Article 90 of the Constitution, the President of the Republic can be impeached through a majority vote of the Parliament in joint session for high treason and for attempting to overthrow the Constitution. If impeached, the President of the Republic is then tried by the Constitutional Court integrated with sixteen citizens older than forty chosen by lot from a list compiled by the Parliament every nine years.

 

Italian press and political forces made use of the term "impeachment" for the attempt by some members of parliamentary opposition to initiate the procedure provided for in Article 90 against Presidents Francesco Cossiga (1991),[17][better source needed] Giorgio Napolitano (2014)[18][better source needed] and Sergio Mattarella (2018).[19][better source needed]

 

Liechtenstein Liechtenstein[edit]

Members of the Liechtenstein Government can be impeached before the State Court for breaches of the Constitution or of other laws.[20]:Article 62 As a hereditary monarchy the Sovereign Prince can not be impeached as he "is not subject to the jurisdiction of the courts and does not have legal responsibility".[20]:Article 7 The same is true of any member of the Princely House who exercises the function of head of state should the Prince be temporarily prevented or in preparation for the Succession.[20]:Article 7

 

Lithuania Lithuania[edit]

In the Republic of Lithuania, the President may be impeached by a three-fifths majority in the Seimas.[21] President Rolandas Paksas was removed from office by impeachment on April 6, 2004 after the Constitutional Court of Lithuania found him guilty of having violated his oath and the constitution. He was the first European head of state to have been impeached.[22]

 

Norway Norway[edit]

 

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

Find sources: "Impeachment" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Main article: Impeachment (Norway)

Members of government, representatives of the national assembly (Stortinget) and Supreme Court judges can be impeached for criminal offenses tied to their duties and committed in office, according to the Constitution of 1814, §§ 86 and 87. The procedural rules were modeled after the U.S. rules and are quite similar to them. Impeachment has been used eight times since 1814, last in 1927. Many argue that impeachment has fallen into desuetude. In cases of impeachment, an appointed court (Riksrett) takes effect.

 

Pakistan Pakistan[edit]

 

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

Find sources: "Impeachment" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

The country's ruling coalition said on August 7, 2008, that it would seek the impeachment of President Pervez Musharraf, alleging the U.S.-backed former general had "eroded the trust of the nation" and increasing pressure on him to resign. He resigned on August 18, 2008. Another kind of impeachment in Pakistan is known as the vote of less-confidence or vote of mis-understanding and has been practiced by provincial assemblies to weaken the national assembly.

 

Impeaching a president requires a two-thirds majority support of lawmakers in a joint session of both houses of Parliament.

 

Philippines Philippines[edit]

Main article: Impeachment in the Philippines

Impeachment in the Philippines follows procedures similar to the United States. Under Sections 2 and 3, Article XI, Constitution of the Philippines, the House of Representatives of the Philippines has the exclusive power to initiate all cases of impeachment against the President, Vice President, members of the Supreme Court, members of the Constitutional Commissions (Commission on Elections, Civil Service Commission and the Commission on Audit), and the Ombudsman. When a third of its membership has endorsed the impeachment articles, it is then transmitted to the Senate of the Philippines which tries and decide, as impeachment tribunal, the impeachment case.[23]

 

A main difference from U.S. proceedings however is that only one third of House members are required to approve the motion to impeach the President (as opposed to a simple majority of those present and voting in their U.S. counterpart). In the Senate, selected members of the House of Representatives act as the prosecutors and the Senators act as judges with the Senate President presiding over the proceedings (the Chief Justice jointly presides with the Senate President if the President is on trial). Like the United States, to convict the official in question requires that a minimum of two thirds (i.e. 16 of 24 members) of all the Members of the Senate vote in favor of conviction. If an impeachment attempt is unsuccessful or the official is acquitted, no new cases can be filed against that impeachable official for at least one full year.

 

Impeachable offenses and officials[edit]

 

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

Find sources: "Impeachment" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

The 1987 Philippine Constitution says the grounds for impeachment include culpable violation of the Constitution, bribery, graft and corruption, and betrayal of public trust. These offenses are considered "high crimes and misdemeanors" under the Philippine Constitution.

 

The President, Vice President, Supreme Court justices, and members of the Constitutional Commission and Ombudsman are all considered impeachable officials under the Constitution.

 

Impeachment proceedings and attempts[edit]

 

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

Find sources: "Impeachment" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

President Joseph Estrada was the first official impeached by the House in 2000, but the trial ended prematurely due to outrage over a vote to open an envelope where that motion was narrowly defeated by his allies. Estrada was deposed days later during the 2001 EDSA Revolution.

 

In 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, impeachment complaints were filed against President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, but none of the cases reached the required endorsement of ​1⁄3 of the members for transmittal to, and trial by, the Senate.

 

In March 2011, the House of Representatives impeached Ombudsman Merceditas Gutierrez, becoming the second person to be impeached. In April, Gutierrez resigned prior to the Senate's convening as an impeachment court.

 

In December 2011, in what was described as "blitzkrieg fashion", 188 of the 285 members of the House of Representatives voted to transmit the 56-page Articles of Impeachment against Supreme Court Chief Justice Renato Corona.

 

To date, three officials had been successfully impeached by the House of Representatives, and two were not convicted. The latter, Chief Justice Renato C. Corona, was convicted on May 29, 2012, by the Senate under Article II of the Articles of Impeachment (for betraying public trust), with 20–3 votes from the Senator Judges.

 

Peru Peru[edit]

 

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

Find sources: "Impeachment" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

See also: First impeachment process against Pedro Pablo Kuczynski

 

Peru's President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski speaks about the impeachment process against him

Poland Poland[edit]

 

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

Find sources: "Impeachment" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

In Polish law there is no impeachment procedure defined, as it is present in the other countries. Infringements of the law can be investigated only by special Parliament's Committee or (if accusations involve people holding the highest offices of state) by the State Tribunal. The State Tribunal is empowered to rule for the removal of individuals from public office but it is not a common practice.

 

Romania Romania[edit]

The President can be impeached by Parliament and is then suspended. A referendum then follows to determine whether the suspended President should be removed from office. President Traian Băsescu was impeached twice by the Parliament: in 2007 and more recently in July 2012. A referendum was held on May 19, 2007 and a large majority of the electorate voted against removing the president from office. For the most recent suspension a referendum was held on July 29, 2012; the results were heavily against the president, but the referendum was invalidated due to low turnout.[24][circular reference]

 

Russia Russia[edit]

 

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

Find sources: "Impeachment" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

The President of Russia can be impeached if both the State Duma (which initiates the impeachment process through the formation of a special investigation committee) and the Federation Council of Russia vote by a two-thirds majority in favor of impeachment and, additionally, the Supreme Court finds the President guilty of treason or a similarly heavy crime against the nation and the Constitutional Court confirms that the constitutional procedure of the impeachment process was correctly observed. In 1995–1999, the Duma made several attempts to impeach then-President Boris Yeltsin, but they never had a sufficient number of votes for the process to reach the Federation Council.

 

Singapore Singapore[edit]

The Constitution of Singapore allows the impeachment of a sitting President on charges of treason, violation of the Constitution, corruption, or attempting to mislead the Presidential Elections Committee for the purpose of demonstrating eligibility to be elected as President. The Prime Minister or at least one-quarter of all Members of Parliament (MPs) can pass an impeachment motion, which can succeed only if at least half of all MPs (excluding nominated Members) vote in favor, whereupon the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court will appoint a tribunal to investigate allegations against the President. If the tribunal finds the President guilty, or otherwise declares that the President is "permanently incapable of discharging the functions of his office by reason of mental or physical infirmity", Parliament will hold a vote on a resolution to remove the President from office, which requires a three-quarters majority to succeed.[25] No President has ever been removed from office in this fashion.

 

South Korea South Korea (Republic of Korea)[edit]

 

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

Find sources: "Impeachment" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

See also: Impeachment of Park Geun-hye

According to the Article 65 Clause 1 of Constitution of South Korea, if President, Prime Minister, or other state council members including Supreme Court and Constitutional court members, violate the Constitution or other laws of official duty, the National Assembly can impeach them. Clause 2 states the impeachment bill may be proposed by one third or more of the total members of the National Assembly, and shall require majority voting and approved by two thirds or more of the total members of the National Assembly. This article also states that any person against whom a motion for impeachment has been passed shall be suspended from exercising his power until the impeachment has been adjudicated and shall not extend further than removal from public office. Provided, that it shall not exempt the person impeached from civil or criminal liability.

 

Two presidents have been impeached since the foundation of the Sixth Republic of Korea and adoption of the new Constitution of South Korea in 1987. Roh Moo-hyun in 2004 was impeached by the National Assembly but was overturned by the Constitutional Court. Park Geun-hye in 2016 was impeached by the National Assembly, and the impeachment was confirmed by the Constitutional Court on March 10, 2017.

 

Taiwan Taiwan[edit]

 

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

Find sources: "Impeachment" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

In Taiwan, according to the Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China, impeachment of the president or the vice president by the Legislative Yuan shall be initiated upon the proposal of more than one-half of the total members of the Legislative Yuan and passed by more than two-thirds of the total members of the Legislative Yuan, whereupon it shall be presented to the grand justices of the Judicial Yuan for adjudication.

 

Turkey Turkey[edit]

In Turkey, according to the Constitution, the Grand National Assembly may initiate an investigation of the President, the Vice President or any member of the Cabinet upon the proposal of simple majority of its total members, and within a period less than a month, the approval of three-fifths of the total members.[26] The investigation would be carried out by a commission of fifteen members of the Assembly, each nominated by the political parties in proportion to their representation therein. The Commission would submit its report indicating the outcome of the investigation to the Speaker within two months. If the investigation is not completed within this period, the Commission's time renewed for another month. Within ten days of its submission to the Speaker, the report would be distributed to all members of the Assembly, and ten days after its distribution, the report would be discussed on the floor. Upon the approval of two thirds of the total number of the Assembly by secret vote, the person or persons, about whom the investigation was conducted, may be tried before the Constitutional Court. The trial would be finalized within three months, and if not, a one-time additional period of three months shall be granted. The President, about whom an investigation has been initiated, may not call for an election. The President, who is convicted by the Court, would be removed from office.

 

The provision of this article shall also apply to the offenses for which the President allegedly worked during his term of office.

 

Ukraine Ukraine[edit]

 

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

Find sources: "Impeachment" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

During the crisis which started in November 2013, the increasing political stress of the face-down between the protestors occupying Independence Square in Kiev and the State Security forces under the control of President Yanukovych led to deadly armed force being used on the protestors. Following the negotiated return of Kiev's City Hall on February 16, 2014, occupied by the protesters since November 2013, the security forces thought they could also retake "Maidan", Independence Square. The ensuing fighting from 17 through 21 February 2014 resulted in a considerable number of deaths and a more generalised alienation of the population, and the withdrawal of President Yanukovych to his support area in the East of Ukraine.

 

In the wake of the President's departure, Parliament convened on February 22; it reinstated the 2004 Constitution, which reduced Presidential authority, and voted impeachment of President Yanukovych as de facto recognition of his departure from office as President of an integrated Ukraine. The President riposted that Parliament's acts were illegal as they could pass into law only by Presidential signature.

 

United Kingdom United Kingdom[edit]

Main article: Impeachment in the United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, in principle anybody may be prosecuted and tried by the two Houses of Parliament for any crime.[27] The first recorded impeachment is that of William Latimer, 4th Baron Latimer during the Good Parliament of 1376. The last was that of Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville in 1806.[27] Over the centuries, the procedure has been supplemented by other forms of oversight including select committees, confidence motions, and judicial review, while the privilege of peers to trial only in the House of Lords was abolished in 1948,[28] and thus impeachment, which has not kept up with modern norms of democracy or procedural fairness, is generally considered obsolete.[27]

 

United States United States[edit]

Main article: Impeachment in the United States

 

The impeachment trial of United States President Bill Clinton in 1999, Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist presiding. The House managers are seated beside the quarter-circular tables on the left and the president's personal counsel on the right, much in the fashion of United States President Andrew Johnson's trial in 1868.

Article One of the United States Constitution gives the House of Representatives the sole power of impeachment and the Senate the sole power to try impeachments of officers of the U.S. federal government. (Various state constitutions include similar measures, allowing the state legislature to impeach the governor or other officials of the state government.) In the United States, impeachment is only the first of two stages, and conviction during the second stage requires "the concurrence of two thirds of the members present".[29] Impeachment does not necessarily result in removal from office; it is only a legal statement of charges, parallel to an indictment in criminal law. An official who is impeached faces a second legislative vote (whether by the same body or another), which determines conviction, or failure to convict, on the charges embodied by the impeachment. Most constitutions require a supermajority to convict. Although the subject of the charge is criminal action, it does not constitute a criminal trial; the only question under consideration is the removal of the individual from office, and the possibilities of a subsequent vote preventing the removed official from ever again holding political office in the jurisdiction where they were removed.

 

The article on Impeachment in the United States discusses the following topics:

 

Impeachable offenses: High Crimes and Misdemeanors

Officers subject to impeachment

Procedure

Federal impeachment investigations formally commenced and officials impeached

The House of Representatives has initiated impeachment proceedings only 64 times since 1789; only 19 of these proceedings actually resulted in the House's passing Articles of Impeachment, and of those only eight resulted in removal from office (all federal judges).

History of federal constitutional impeachment

Impeachment in the states

Three United States Presidents have been impeached: Andrew Johnson in 1868, Bill Clinton in 1998 and Donald Trump in 2019.[30][31] Neither Johnson nor Clinton were convicted by the Senate, while Trump still awaits a Senate trial. Additionally, there were efforts to impeach John Tyler and Richard Nixon (Nixon resigned before proceedings began).[32]

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment

William S. Burroughs, acrylics on 18x24 canvas. A brief history according to Wikipedia:

 

William Seward Burroughs II (February 5, 1914 – August 2, 1997) was an American novelist, essayist, social critic, painter and spoken word performer. Much of Burroughs's work is semi-autobiographical, drawn from his experiences as an opiate addict, a condition that marked the last fifty years of his life. A primary member of the Beat Generation, he was an avant-garde author who affected popular culture as well as literature. In 1984, he was elected to the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters.

 

In 1944, Burroughs began living with Joan Vollmer Adams in an apartment they shared with Jack Kerouac and Edie Parker, Kerouac's first wife. Vollmer Adams was married to a GI with whom she had a young daughter, Julie Adams. Burroughs and Kerouac got into trouble with the law for failing to report a murder. The murder involved Lucien Carr, who had killed David Kammerer in a confrontation over Kammerer's incessant and unwanted advances. During this time, Burroughs began using morphine and quickly became addicted. He eventually sold heroin in Greenwich Village to support his habit.

 

Vollmer also became an addict, but her drug of choice was Benzedrine, an amphetamine sold over the counter at that time. Because of her addiction and social circle, her husband immediately divorced her after returning from the war. Vollmer would become Burroughs’ common law wife. Burroughs was soon arrested for forging a narcotics prescription and was sentenced to return to his parents' care in St. Louis. Vollmer's addiction led to a temporary psychosis, which resulted in her admission to a hospital, and the custody of her child was endangered. Yet after Burroughs completed his "house arrest" in St. Louis, he returned to New York, released Vollmer from the psychiatric ward of Bellevue Hospital, and moved with her and her daughter to Texas. Vollmer soon became pregnant with Burroughs's child. Their son, William S. Burroughs, Jr., was born in 1947. The family moved briefly to New Orleans in 1948.

 

Burroughs was arrested after police searched his home and found letters between him and Allen Ginsberg referring to a possible delivery of marijuana. Burroughs fled to Mexico to escape possible detention in Louisiana's Angola state prison. Vollmer and their children followed him. Burroughs planned to stay in Mexico for at least five years, the length of his charge's statute of limitations. Burroughs also attended classes at Mexico City College in 1950 studying Spanish, "Mexican picture writing". codices, and the Mayan language.

 

In 1951, Burroughs shot and killed Vollmer in a drunken game of "William Tell" at a party above the American-owned Bounty Bar in Mexico City. He spent 13 days in jail before his brother came to Mexico City and bribed Mexican lawyers and officials, which allowed Burroughs to be released on bail while he awaited trial for the killing, which was ruled culpable homicide.[9] Vollmer’s daughter, Julie Adams, went to live with her grandmother, and William S. Burroughs, Jr. went to St. Louis to live with his grandparents. Burroughs reported every Monday morning to the jail in Mexico City while his prominent Mexican attorney worked to resolve the case. According to James Grauerholz two witnesses had agreed to testify that the gun had gone off accidentally while he was checking to see if it was loaded, and the ballistics experts were bribed to support this story. Nevertheless, the trial was continuously delayed and Burroughs began to write what would eventually become the short novel Queer while awaiting his trial. However, when his attorney fled Mexico after his own legal problems involving a car accident and altercation with the son of a government official, Burroughs decided, according to Ted Morgan, to "skip" and return to the United States. He was convicted in absentia of homicide and sentenced to two years, which was suspended.

 

Burroughs was cited by Robert Anton Wilson as being the first person to notice the 23 numerological phenomena, or "23 enigma," as it is sometimes called.

  

Captain Scott's ill-fated South Pole 'Terra Nova' Expedition 1910 - 1913.

The Terra Nova Expedition, officially the British Antarctic Expedition, was an expedition to Antarctica which took place between 1910 and 1913. It was led by Robert Falcon Scott and had various scientific and geographical objectives. Scott wished to continue the scientific work that he had begun when leading the Discovery Expedition to the Antarctic in 1901–04. He also wanted to be the first to reach the geographic South Pole. He and four companions attained the pole on 17 January 1912, where they found that the Norwegian team led by Roald Amundsen had preceded them by 34 days. Scott's entire party died on the return journey from the pole; some of their bodies, journals, and photographs were found by a search party eight months later.

 

The expedition, named after its supply ship, was a private venture, financed by public contributions augmented by a government grant. It had further backing from the Admiralty, which released experienced seamen to the expedition, and from the Royal Geographical Society. The expedition's team of scientists carried out a comprehensive scientific programme, while other parties explored Victoria Land and the Western Mountains. An attempted landing and exploration of King Edward VII Land was unsuccessful. A journey to Cape Crozier in June and July 1911 was the first extended sledging journey in the depths of the Antarctic winter.

 

For many years after his death, Scott's status as tragic hero was unchallenged, and few questions were asked about the causes of the disaster which overcame his polar party. In the final quarter of the 20th century the expedition came under closer scrutiny, and more critical views were expressed about its organization and management. The degree of Scott's personal culpability, and more recently, the culpability of certain expedition members, remains controversial.

 

Captain Scott's ill-fated South Pole 'Terra Nova' Expedition 1910 - 1913.

The Terra Nova Expedition, officially the British Antarctic Expedition, was an expedition to Antarctica which took place between 1910 and 1913. It was led by Robert Falcon Scott and had various scientific and geographical objectives. Scott wished to continue the scientific work that he had begun when leading the Discovery Expedition to the Antarctic in 1901–04. He also wanted to be the first to reach the geographic South Pole. He and four companions attained the pole on 17 January 1912, where they found that the Norwegian team led by Roald Amundsen had preceded them by 34 days. Scott's entire party died on the return journey from the pole; some of their bodies, journals, and photographs were found by a search party eight months later.

 

The expedition, named after its supply ship, was a private venture, financed by public contributions augmented by a government grant. It had further backing from the Admiralty, which released experienced seamen to the expedition, and from the Royal Geographical Society. The expedition's team of scientists carried out a comprehensive scientific programme, while other parties explored Victoria Land and the Western Mountains. An attempted landing and exploration of King Edward VII Land was unsuccessful. A journey to Cape Crozier in June and July 1911 was the first extended sledging journey in the depths of the Antarctic winter.

 

For many years after his death, Scott's status as tragic hero was unchallenged, and few questions were asked about the causes of the disaster which overcame his polar party. In the final quarter of the 20th century the expedition came under closer scrutiny, and more critical views were expressed about its organization and management. The degree of Scott's personal culpability, and more recently, the culpability of certain expedition members, remains controversial.

Dejame notitas & seras mejor personita Jojojo :)

Holy Trinity Church, Washington, County Durham.

 

Placed by the two surviving brothers and aunt ( Reginald, Clement John Edward Broughton and Mary Jane Briggs) of Bryan Sneyd Broughton and Thomas Henry Broughton.

 

Re No WM96688

 

www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/96688

 

"On the 21st April, drowned, through some injury to his boat in a heavy squall, between Picton and Onahau Bay, Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand, Bryan Sneyd Herbert Broughton, aged 24, second son of the late Rev. Bryan Sneyd Broughton, rector of Washington, in the county of Durham."

 

Deaths Notices Leeds Inteligencer Newspaper Saturday 26th July 1862

  

Saturday 4 th April 1863 The Secretary of the Admiralty begs to acquaint the Editor of The Times that the following intelligence has been received at this office:-

"Suez, April 2nd.

 

"Her Majesty's ship Orpheus was a total wreck on Manakaou Bar, New Zealand, on the 7th of February, 1863, with loss of Commodore Burnett, 22 officers, and 167 men. Nothing saved. Survivors, 8 officers and 62 men- Officers, C. Hill, lieutenant; Yonge (supposed to be D.D. Yonge), lieutenant; Amphlett, paymaster; Hund (supposed to be C.G. Hunt, midshipman); Filding (supposed to be B.W. Fielding), midshipman; H.M Barkly, naval cadet; W. Mason, boatswain; J. Beer, carpenter."

 

Further information will be given respecting the seamen who survive, but, owing to the incorrect spelling of the telegram, it is impossible to give the names with any hope of accuracy until they have been compared with the Records in office.

 

Monday 6th April 1863 THE WRECK OF THE ORPHEUS.- The following list of seamen saved from the wreck of Her Majesty's ship Orpheus has been received by telegraph at the Admiralty: - H. Brown, Henry Brown, quartermaster; Bales, probably W.E. Bayliss, painter; Morley, John Morley, capt. Forecastle; J. Wilson, there are two men of the name (one Josh. W. Wilson, capt. Hold the other Jas. Wilson, capt. Foretop); Finnis, John Finnis, capt. Maintop; Stupple, Henry Stupple, boatswain's mate; Oliert, Wm. Oliert (alias Alex. Hills), signalman; Weir, Chas. Weir, capt. Mast; Kennedy, James Kennedy, ditto; Carpenter, Robt. Carpenter, cox., cutter; Wm. Johnson, Wm. Johnson, capt. mizzen top; J. Russell, J.J. Russell (there is a Thos. Russell. A.B.); W. Russell, Wm. Russell, ordinary second class; Ward, George Ward, A.B.; Mayes, Wm. Mayes, A.B.; Walker, Hen. J. Walker, A.B.; J. Hall, there are two men of this name, John Hall (1), ordinary, and James Hall, ordinary; Quinton, John Quinton; captain foretop; Walsh, Edward Walsh, ordinary; Parson, James Parsons, ordinary; Horrigan, John Horrigan, commodore's servant; Nicholson, John Nicholson, carpenter's crew; Brigg, Edward Briggs, carpenter's crew; Partbury, Henry Portbury, A.B.; Doly, Patrick Daley, A.B.; Koop, probably Henry Corps, quartermaster; no man of the name of Koop; Taylor, James Taylor, stoker; Clus, William Clews, stoker, ran awav on the 14th of September, 1862; nothing to show that he returned to the ship; Crierson, R.M., Joseph Crouson, drummer, R.M.; Rolf, R.M., no such name (there is a R. Roe, private R.M.); Betortelp, probably Henry Bentlett, boy first class; Izers, cannot be identified; no name resembling this on the books; Banuister, no such name on the books to December 31,1862, latest returns; Hunt, probably John Higham, A.B.; Hudosted, probably George Hurlstone, boy first class; Burton, Thomas H. Burton, boy first class; Hubert, no man of the name (there are two men of the name of Herbert, viz., T. Herbert, A.B., and W. Herbert, boy second class); Ideson, John D. Ideson, boy second class; Butler, no such name on the books to 31st of December, 1862, the latest returns received; R. Young, no R. Young - there are John Young, ordinary, and George Young, A.B.; Palin, William Palin. A.B.; Geary, Thomas Geary, A.B.; Fisked, probably William Fisher, A.B.; James, no man of this name; Brown, no James Brown, there is an Alfred Brown, stoker; Snudden, Thomas Snudden, A.B.; Hubert, probably one of the Herberts mentioned above; Caland, probably James Boland, ordinary; Sparshott, William Sparshott, ordinary second class; Wells, Noah Wells, ordinary second class; Ankell, Alfred Ankelt, ordinary second class; Cochine, J.G. Cochrane, ordinary second class; Roberts, George Roberts, ordinary; Quille, probably George Turtle, ordinary; Sul, probably John G. Seale, ordinary; Newman, Henry Newman, ordinary second class; Pilbrow, probably Alfred Pilbeam, ordinary; Hahrg, probably Arthur Haggis, captain Cox.; Laryish, probably William Langush, ordinary; Tilley, Arthur S. Tilley, ordinary; Jordan, Joseph Jordan; Graann, probably Henry J. Graham, ordinary; J. Graam, Jomes Graham, ordinary.

 

Wednesday 8th April 1863 The screw corvette Orpheus, 21, 400-horse power, the news of the total wreck of which has been received, was one of the most recent of the corvette class of vessels built at Chatham dockyard, and was launched from that establishment on the 24th of June, 1860. She was considered the finest of that description of vessel ever constructed, and was built under the personal superintendence of Mr. O.W. Lang, the present master-shipbuilder at Chatham, from the designs of Sir Baldwin Walker, the then Controller of the Navy. Her dimensions were:- Extreme length, 226ft. 6in.; extreme breath, 40ft. 8in.; depth in hold, 24ft. 2in.; burden, 1,705 tons. She was fitted with a pair of 400-horse power engines by Messrs. Humphreys, Tennant, and Co. As this was her first voyage, the greatest interest was experienced for her success, and the news of her wreck was received with the deepest regret.

 

Monday 13th April 1863 (From Our Own Correspondent.)

 

Melbourne, February 24th .

 

I regret to say that I have to announce the wreck of Her Majesty's ship Orpheus, on the bar of Manukau Harbour, on the west coast of New Zealand, with the loss of 189 lives, 70 only having been saved. The Orpheus left Sydney on the 1st day of this month.

 

Monday 13th April 1863

 

LOSS OF HER MAJESTY'S SHIP ORPHEUS.

 

ADMIRALTY, APRIL 12th 1863.

 

The Secretary of the Admiralty begs to acquaint the Editor of The Times that the intelligence contained in the accompanying document has been received at this office: -

 

"Her Majesty's ship Miranda, Auckland,

February 10th 1863.

 

"My Lord,- In addition to my first letter from the scene of the wreck of Her Majesty's ship Orpheus, dated the 8th inst., sent to their Lordships, to save the Southern Mail, by the Wonga Wonga, I have to enclose for their further information the detailed narrative of Lieutenant C. Hill, the second lieutenant, and the senior surviving officer. It is a clear and truthful account of the whole proceedings of this melancholy calamity, so far as he and the other officers that are saved are acquainted with them.

 

"2. According to my judgment on the spot, nothing can exceed the exertions of Lieutenant Hill, the other officers, and all the survivors of the crew, who, at the imminent peril of their own lives, continued to the last to make the utmost endeavours to save the lives of their shipmates.

 

"3. I am informed that the Wonga Wonga was at the time of the Orpheus striking steaming out of the south channel of the Manukau. She first steamed outside the bar to the entrance of the main channel, hut afterwards returned by the south channel, picking up the boats off Paratutai Point, and towing them to the wreck by the main channel.

 

"4. Their Lordships will observe from the narrative of Lieutenant Hill that from the time the steamer was first observed, at 2 o'clock, until she reached the wreck at 6, the most critical and invaluable time was unaccountably lost, but Captain Renner and all on board the Wonga Wonga were most kind and hospitable in the treatment of the sufferers when they reached his ship from the wreck.

 

"5. Mr. Wing, pilot, and in charge of the signal station at the Manukau, informed me that the wreck of the Orpheus is precisely on the bearings laid down in Captain Drury's chart and sailing directions, since the publication of which the middle banks and small shoal on which the ship first touched have shifted bodily and considerably to the north.

 

"6. With their Lordships, I deeply deplore the loss to Her Majesty's service of an officer so distinguished as Commodore Burnett; it appears he met his much-to-be-regretted death when, sitting in the mizen-futtock rigging, the mast fell over to port, and, the top striking him on the head when in the water. It is said he never made the least exertion to save himself.

 

"7. I have directed Mr. Sullivan to proceed in Her Majesty's ship Harrier to tho Manukau Heads, and to detach an officer and party as far as he may consider necessary along the shore, north and south, for the purpose of burying, with such honours as circumstances will admit, the bodies of any officers and men, late of Her Majesty's ship Orpheus, which may be found, and also to recover such remains of the wreck, public and private, as he may deem fit; so soon as he may consider it no longer necessary to continue on this service I have directed him to conduct the duties of senior naval officer in New Zealand.

 

"8. With the view to save the mail which will leave Sydney on the 20th inst., it is my intention to proceed at once under steam to that port with the six officers and 10 of the crew of the Orpheus who have been selected as the most able to give evidence relative to the loss of that ship. These I propose sending to England by the mail steamer; the remaining 51 men and boys I have detained for disposal on the station; the majority have already volunteered for the Miranda and Harrier. I have sent 25 to the Harrier, for about which number she has vacancies to complete her complement.

 

"I have the honour to be, my Lord, your obedient humble servant,

"ROBERT JENKINS, Captain and Senior Officer.

"The Right Hon. Lord Clarence E. Paget, C.B, Secretary to the Admiralty."

 

"Her Majesty's ship Miranda, Auckland,

New Zealand, February 5th.

 

"Sir,- In obedience to your directions. I have the honour to report for the information of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, that Her Majesty's Ship Orpheus sailed from Sydney on the 31st of January. After a fine passage to the coast of New Zealand, we sighted the land on the morning of the 7th inst.; it was my forenoon watch, at about eight miles from the bar of the Manukau. Steam was got up in two boilers; we had been condensing. The ship proceeded at 12 30, under all plain sail, with starboard foretopmast studsail set, towards Manukau, steering east till 1 o'clock, then N.E.E., being the courses laid down - so the master told me - in Captain Drury's sailing directions, keeping the Ninepin on with the end of Paratutai. The hands were on deck, the ropes manned for shortening sail, the commodore, commander, and master on the bridge; leadsmen in both chains; spare tiller shipped, with relieving tackles hooked, and six men stationed; gratings and hatchway covers were placed ready for battening down.

 

"The wind S.W. to S.S.W., force 5 to 6, with occasional slight squalls; high water at 12 20. As we approached the bar there was nothing more to see, in the shape of rollers or sea on, than I had been led to expect. The signal from the pilot station had been flying since 11 30 a.m, ' Take the bar;' the commodore and master were very attentive with the chart on the bridge, and very particular in the steerage of the ship, and in their orders to the engine-room, to keep the steam at command, the signal officer and signalman on the look out. At about 1 30 she touched slightly in the after part, when the commodore gave the order, 'Give her all the steam you can.' At about 1 40 the ship struck forward; order given, 'Astern full speed;' but the engines or screw never moved. At the same time the commodore ordered 'Hands shorten sail.' The ship broached to, with her head to the northward, lurching heavily to port, the rollers setting in from the westward, which immediately made a clean sweep of the upper deck, taking away port quarter boats (second cutter and jolly boat), netting, and bulwark. Sail was shortened as far as possible, the men not being able to keep the deck; immediately the ship took the ground the hatchways were battened down, which, however, proved perfectly useless, as the fastenings were thrown up by the bumping of the ship.

 

"The commodore then ordered the port guns to be thrown overboard (we succeeded in lightening the ship of four guns), and the starboard cutter to be manned and lowered, the paymaster and secretary to place in her his private signals, the public records, and the ship's books; but from the heavy lurching of the ship the men were unable to pass all the books they wanted; some were lost overboard. Mr. Fielding had orders to land what he had got and return. After great difficulty the cutter got clear of the ship. She was reported to be swamped two or three times. When seen on one occasion five hands were observed to be missing. It was about this time a steamer was seen coming out of the Heads. The commodore next ordered the pipe, 'Hands out boats,' yards and stays having previously been triced up. The pinnace was the first boat out. As I was returning from the maintop Commander Burton ordered me into the pinnace to go to the assistance of the cutter; the commodore then came to the starboard gangway, and on my telling him that I had seen the cutter all right when on the main yard he ordered me to take Mr. Amphlett, paymaster, who was well acquainted with the place on shore, for the purpose of getting assistance. Mr. Amphlett was then and there told to jump into the boat; this was at 2 30. We shoved off, and with great difficulty, from the strong ebb, cleared the ship. As we proceeded I observed the smoke of a steamer to the southward, going seaward. After a two hours' pull against a heavy rolling sea, we weared the Ninepin, when I spoke Mr. Wing in the pilot boat. We learnt from him that the steamer in sight (now seen coming up the South Channel) was the Wonga Wonga, returning to the Heads, that he had no boat to send to the Harrier to report our distress, that there was a lifeboat hauled up on shore, hut no hands or means to get her afloat; it would take 12 men a considerable time. The cutter now came up with us; Mr. Wing and his Maories came into the pinnace, while Mr. Amphlett, two sick men, and two boys, and two others started off in the whaler of the Harrier.

 

"We pushed on to the steamer, now between the Heads, waving, signalizing, and making every effort to gain her attention; after some delay she turned round and closed us, taking pinnace and cutter in tow, proceeding to the wreck, which we reached at 6 p.m. I found her very much lying over to port, the masts all standing, the crew in the rigging above the tops, the sea at times sweeping as high as the futtock rigging; the sails had been cut away from the yards, it being impossible to furl them. Taking, in addition the pilot's boatcrew, four young Maories, with the pinnace being to windward of the wreck, we dropped down to about 30 or 40 yards on her starboard bow, hailed the men on the bowsprit and jibboom to jump off and swim for it. I picked up seven or eight; having drifted to leeward, the steamer came and towed me to windward. I dropped down a second time with the cutter in company. This time three or four more men were taken in in the pinnace, and the boatswain and four or five in the cutter. It was now about 7 o'clock; the flood tide had made, the rollers soon became very high and dangerous on the change; the jibboom broke off short by the cap; it was quite impossible, with safety to the boats, to remain any longer by the wreck. As I was going back I shouted to the wreck to make a final attempt but none would venture.

 

"The steamer picked up boats and anchored close to the north side of the South Spit; distant from wreck about three-quarters of a mile. This was at 8 o'clock. At 8 30 the masts went. Boats returned to the wreck. The Wonga Wonga kept burning blue lights, blowing her steam whistle and ringing her bell. The pinnace picked up six or eight and returned to the steamer with one or two in the last stage of exhaustion. On again nearing the wreck I found the ship completely broken up. It was a beautiful clear moonlight night, and masses of the wreck kept passing in with the flood, clinging to which Lieutenant Yonge and six or eight men were saved. The cutter got so far to leeward that she made for the land, the pinnace returning to the steamer. We remained on deck the whole night, keeping a sharp look-out. At daylight nothing could be seen of the ill-fated Orpheus but a stump of one mast and a few ribs.

 

"From the commencement and during the whole proceedings nothing could exceed the coolness and decision of Commodore Burnett, C.B., the commander, and the officers all in their stations, sentries on the spirit room and store rooms; while the good feeling and steadiness of the men was beyond all praise, remaining at their posts until ordered by the commodore to mount the rigging. Many were washed overboard in obeying orders.

 

"I must not forget to mention the gallant conduct of the Maori crew; they were first and foremost in saving lives. On going ashore in the cutter Mr. Hunt and Mr. Barkly (midshipmen) were picked up, one Maori taking Mr. Barkly on his back and carrying him along the beach to his hut. They afterwards gave them food and put them in their own beds for the night.

 

"William Johnson (captain of the mizentop) three times jumped out of the pinnace with a rope to the rescue, and was the means of saving three drowning men.

 

"On board the Woaga Wonga, which officers and men reached cold and naked, the greatest kindness and hospitality were shown and continued by all on board, until we were transferred to the Avon, where I had reported myself to you.

 

"I have the honour to be, Sir, your obedient servant,

"CHARLES HILL,

"Lieutenant Her Majesty's ship Orpheus."

 

"LIST of SURVIVORS.

 

"Officers.- Lieutenant Charles Hill, Lieutenant Duke D. Yonge, Mr. E.A. Amphlett (paymaster), Mr. Bernal W. Fielding (midshipman), Mr. C. George Hunt (midshipman) Mr. H.M. Barkly (midshipman), Mr. W. Mason (boatswain), and Mr. James Beer (carpenter).

 

"Seamen.- Robert Carpenter, William Fisher, William Johnson, George Turtle, Charles Weir, W. Cooper, W. Clews, Alfred Pilbeam, Samuel Bannister, Noah Wells, John Quinton, James Parsons, Henry Walker, John Nicholson, Joseph Jordan, George Roberts, William Russell, James Summers, Henry Holmes, James Taylor, George Ward, James Kennedy, William Langrish, William Pasin, Patrick Daley, Edward Briggs, Arthur Tilly, Thomas Smedden, George Seal, Charles Fox, Thomas Burton, William Ollert, William Ball, Henry Graham, Joseph Boland, Henry Portbury, James J. Brown, James Wilson, Thomas Herbert, John Cochrane, Alfred Ankett, Henry Bentell, Henry Brown, Frederick Butter (belonging to Harrier), Henry Stuffle, James Graham, John Finnies, Edward Walsh, William Mayes, Henry Newman, Thomas Rusgell, George Young, John Hall, John Morby, William Geary, James Sparshott, George Hurlestone, Richard Roe (marine), Joseph Crowson (drummer), William Herbert,(boy second class), John Ideson (boy), William Horrigan (commissioner's servant), picked up at 1 o'clock on the 8th by a coaster off Peeponga.

 

"List of Men left behind at Sydney.- Sergeant Carter (Royal Marines), George Monday (gunner Royal Marine Artillery), Stephen Hodge (private Royal Marines), George Tarpler (boy first class), James Ashwood (boy first class), Thomas Rees (able bodied seaman), William Barnes (boy first class)

 

"CHARLES HILL,

"Lieutenant Her Majesty's ship Orpheus."

 

(From the New Zealander, February. 9th.)

Yesterday (Sunday) morning, at an early hour, the inhabitants of Auckland were horrified by the intelligence that Her Majesty's ship Orpheus, for sometime back expected on this station, had been totally wrecked in attempting to cross the Manakau bar, and with the awful loss of 185 souls out of a ship's company mustering 256 officers, seamen, boys, and marines. The Orpheus (a fine new corvette of 21 guns, 1,706 tons, 400-horse power), sailed from Sydney on the 31st of January, and after a fair passage, under canvas, fetched the land off the Manakau heads on Saturday, at noon. The ship was at that time under al plain sail, and within eight miles of the entrance, the signal flying on Paratutai -"Take the bar" - Commodore Burnett and the master being at that time on the bridge. Steam was got up at once, the commodore determining to go in. The lead was kept going; a sharp look out was observed, the ship steering east until one p.m, and then north-east by east, the Ninepin rock on with Paratutai, being in accordance with: Drury's sailing directions in the New Zealand Pilot. At twenty minutes past one the ship bumped slightly, but still went ahead. At half-past one, however, she struck hard, and orders were given to back astern full speed. The engines never moved. The ship fell off broadside to the rollers, the sea knocking away her stern post, port bulwarks, and boats, and making a clean sweep over all. The wind was from about S.W. to W.S.W., a stiff breeze, with occasional puffs. In this dismal plight Commodore Burnett, whose coolness and decision were the theme of admiration among his officers and men, gave orders to Mr. Fielding, midshipman, to take a cutter with the records, ship's books, and other articles; but, on losing sight of her, fearing that she was swamped, the pinnace was got out, and, with Lieutenant Hill and Mr. Amphlett, paymaster, was despatched to her assistance, with instructions to push on towards the heads, in the vain hope of obtaining relief through White's lifeboat, known to be stationed there, but, alas, without a crew to launch or to man her. It was an awful moment, but it is gratifying to know that even in this extremity all hands, officers and men, spoke in praise of each other, and of their gallant chief, who expressed a determination to be the last to quit the wreck, After the pinnace had left the launch was got over the side, with 40 men to lay out anchors, in the hope of making grapplings fast to haul into smooth water. The ebb title unhappily swept her under the bows, where she was stove, and nearly all on board, including Lieutenant Jekyll, were drowned. The pinnace meanwhile continued her course towards the heads, descrying the steamer Wonga Wonga, outward bound for Wellington; the anxiety was intense, as the Wonga Wonga went round and round, and nearly out of sight. Mr. Amphlett at length succeeded in reaching the pilot-boat, and came up with Her Majesty's ship Harrier at half-past 10 p.m. The Wonga Wonga anchored, and the few survivors were transferred to her from the boats of the Orpheus that had been got afloat. Had White's lifeboat been able to be launched and manned, we are informed, upon good authority, that most of the ill-starred seamen might have been saved. The heavy guns broke adrift about half-past 5 p.m., tearing up the upper-deck, and driving the people to the tops, the rollers becoming longer and heavier. The masts stood firmly until the flood tide made, at about half-past 6 p.m. They then began to go, and the ship parted in halves, the rollers breaking into the tops. When the masts went the crew gave three cheers, as if taking farewell of life. Commodore Burnett and the young gentlemen were in the mizzen-top; all perished, except Mr. Barkly, son of the Governor of Victoria. Commander Burton, Mr. Strong, sailing-master, and Lieutenant Mudge, who were in the main-top, were lost, the men who were saved succeeded in getting down the jibstay on to the jib-boom, dropping from thence into smooth water, where they were packed up, Many of the survivors are badly wounded, having legs and arms broken, and bodies bruised and maimed by the guns and falling spars. A despatch from Commander Sullivan, Her Majesty's ship Harrier, which was received on Saturday at midnight, informed his Excellency the Governor of this disastrous event. With the utmost promptitude the military authorities took measures to render every possible assistance- Colonel Gamble, Quartermaster-General; D.A.C.G. Chislett, Mr. Hamley, Ordnance Department, with six ambulance waggons, tents, 500 blankets, and other requisites, setting out for Onehunga. The steamer Avon, in charge of Mr. Hunt, with Captain Jenkins, Her Majesty's ship Miranda, started yesterday at 2 a.m. On reaching the heads not a vestige of wreck was to be seen. The Wonga Wonga, which was on her way to Onehunga, on meeting the Avon, transferred the rescued seamen to that vessel, and proceeded on her southern voyage. The Harrier got under weigh on Sunday at 4 a.m, but, having grounded, had to wait the flood tide, and did not get fairly away until nearly 3 p.m., about which hour the Avon had got back. The Avon went at once alongside the Onehunga wharf, and every care and attention were paid to the wounded.

 

(From the Wellington Spectator, February 12th.)

The Wonga Wonga sailed, from the Onehunga wharf, Manakau, on the 7th inst. On arriving at the bar she noticed a vessel in the offing, apparently a man-of-war, but the signal being up to take the south channel the Wonga proceeded on her course. On getting well clear of the channel, Captain Renner noticed the vessel to be labouring very heavily, and apparently ashore. Captain Renner then proceeded to the outer entrance of the north channel, but being unable to take it, on account of the heavy sea on the bar, he returned to the pilot station by the south channel. On reaching the pilot station he found two boats, the pinnace and cutter, belonging to the ill-fated vessel. The pilot then went on board the Wonga Wonga, took the two boats in tow, and proceeded to the scene of the disaster. On arriving there he found that the sea was making a complete breach over the vessel, and she was, of course, labouring very heavily. He then found it was impossible to get alongside with the boats, in consequence of the heavy sea; the boats were therefore pulled as close as possible under the jib-boom, and the officers in charge of them called to the crew to jump into the water and they would pick them up, as it was the only chance left of saving their lives. Several of the men jumped into the water and were picked up by the boats, but some were unfortunately drowned in the surf by the drawback. At this stage of the proceedings the scene was most appalling, the only chance of the crew getting saved being to jump into the boiling surf. All the men at this time were clinging to the rigging. The Wonga was steaming as close as possible to the scene of the wreck, and was fearfully tossed about by the tumultuous sea. The boats then returned to the Wonga, having succeeded in picking up about 14 of the drowning men, several of whom were nearly exhausted, and every means was adopted to restore animation, by the application of hot blankets and other remedies. Several who were wounded and very much bruised had their wounds dressed, and every possible attention shown them. The boats in charge of the second lieutenant again gallantly put off to the wreck, and succeeded in rescuing several from a watery grave. By this time it was becoming dark, and the pilot, not deeming it prudent for the Wonga to remain in the position she was then in, proceeded a short distance into the channel and anchored. At about 9 o'clock, the night being very dark, the foremast went by the hoard, casting all the poor fellows who were clinging to it into the raging billows. Immediately after, the main and mizzen masts fell over the side, carrying the last of the crew with them. During all this time the most superhuman exertions were being made by the second lieutenant and the gallant crews to rescue his unfortunate shipmates. The two boats, and a boat belonging to the Wonga, were pulling about amid the breakers until past midnight. All hopes of saving any more lives having vanished, the pinnace, in charge of the second lieutenant, returned, with several more of the unfortunate crew, to the Wonga, and the cutter proceeded into the pilot station, being unable to fetch the Wonga, and landed seven more of the crew in safety, including the son of Sir Henry Barkly, the Governor of Victoria, who was saved after clinging to a spar for upwards of two hours. The Wonga burnt blue lights, and showed other signals until daylight, in hopes of picking up any more of the unfortunate crew who might be floating about the wreck. At daylight, the Wonga proceeded towards the wreck, but by this time a very small portion of the ill-fated vessel was to be seen. Commander Jenkins returned thanks to Captain Renner, his officers, and the crew of the Wonga Wonga, for their praiseworthy exertions and unremitting kindness to the sufferers. One of the captains of the mizzentop, who was one of the boat's crew, gallantly jumped overboard three times, and on each occasion succeeded in saving a shipmate from a watery grave. The Commodore was last seen in the mizzen rigging, and is supposed to have been killed by the falling of a spar. The wind was about W.S.W., with a terrific sea on, when the Orpheus went to pieces.

 

Tu 14 April 1863 We have received the following letter from our Malta correspondent, dated Valetta, April 7:-

"… Several officers and men who were saved from the wreck of Her Majesty's ship Orpheus, on the coast of New Zealand, arrived this morning in the mail packet Ellora, on their way to England. They are Lieut. Hill, Lieut. Yonge, Paymaster Amphlett, Mr. Hunt, Mr. Fielding, and Mr. Barkly, midshipmen ; Mr. Mason and Mr. Beer, petty officers, and nine seamen".

Sa 18 April 1863

THE LOSS OF THE ORPHEUS.

 

The following dispatch, addressed to the Duke of Newcastle, has been received from Sir G. Grey, Governor of New Zealand :-

 

"New Zealand.- No. 10.

"Government-house, Auckland, February. 9th, 1863.

 

"My Lord Duke,- I have the honour to report to your Grace the total loss of Her Majesty's ship Orpheus on the bar of the harbour of Manukau, on the west coast of the North Island, nearly opposite to the harbour of Auckland, which is on the east coast.

 

"2. Eight officers and 61 men have been saved from the wreck. The names of the officers who have been saved are given in the enclosure to this despatch. Twenty-three officers and 158 men, it is believed, have perished, as the vessel has entirely gone to pieces, and nothing has been seen of them. The names of the missing officers are also given in the list transmitted herewith.

 

"3. It is positively known that many of these officers and men have perished, as they were killed in the presence of the survivors by spars and ropes. There is but slight hope that any of them can be alive; they can only have escaped by having been first washed out to sea on some spar, and then washed up on some other part of the coast.

 

"4. The ship, as far as I can collect, was rather to the southward of the port, and was, at about half-past 1 o'clock in the day, with beautiful weather and a fair wind, making the harbour under steam and sail, going about 12 knots. Running thus from the southward, she was intending to make the passage across the bar as laid down in the chart of 1853. Since that time the bar has shifted about three-quarters of a mile to the northward. She was thus rather more than that distance too far to the southward, and touched first on a small shoal off the middle banks, and in a few minutes ran directly on to them, where there is always a very heavy sea, and where her position (about four miles out at sea) was hopeless.

 

"5. At between 4 and 5 o'clock a small coasting steamer, the Wonga Wonga, which was going out of the harbour, seeing her peril, went to her assistance, but, from the heavy sea and breakers, was unable to get very near her; but the boats of the Orpheus, and those of the men who were saved under the shelter of the steamer, managed from time to time to pick up others. They were aided in the most gallant and determined manner by three Maories from the pilot-station, who steered the boats.

 

"6. The conduct of Commodore Burnett, his officers, and men, was perfectly heroic. I have never heard instances of greater courage, carelessness of self, and efforts to save the ship and others than have been detailed to me. At about 9 at night the mainmast went overboard; the other two masts went in less than 20 minutes afterwards. Those of the crew (and they were a great number) who had not yet been washed overboard or killed by spars and ropes were on the masts and rigging, and the poor fellows, as these went, gave three parting cheers and then perished. I am told that not a murmur or cry was heard from the wounded and dying, and yet the manner of some of their deaths was terrible. Altogether it is one of the most affecting events that I have ever heard of, and yet one that excites admiration from the courage, self-devotion, and energetic resignation both of the many who perished and the few who were saved.

 

"I have, &c.,

"G. GREY.

"His Grace the Duke of Newcastle, K.G."

 

Monday 20th April 1863 The surviving officers and crew of Her Majesty's ship Orpheus arrived on board Her Majesty's ship Victory, at Portsmouth, on Friday evening. They arrived at Portsmouth by Southampton steampacket from the Peninsular and Oriental Mail Company's mail steamship Ellora, which arrived the same day at that port from Malta.

Tuesday 21st April 1863

HOUSE OF LORDS, MONDAY, APRIL 20th.

THE LOSS OF THE ORPHEUS.

 

The Earl of ELLENBOROUGH said he wished to put a question to the noble duke at the head of the Admiralty respecting the loss of Her Majesty's ship Orpheus. In the official despatch on the subject it was stated that the Orpheus, with nearly 200 men, was lost by acting, not against, but in compliance with the directions on her chart. The telegraph flag was flying telling her to take the bar; she obeyed that instruction, and consequently was wrecked. Since the chart was issued in 1853 the sand at the mouth of the harbour of Manukau had shifted three quarters of a mile, and in consequence the Orpheus, instead of passing safely through the channel, ran directly on the sand itself. He wished to know what steps the Admiralty were in the habit of taking for the purpose of collecting information on foreign stations respecting those changes which occurred from time to time, affecting the navigation of the waters, and also what means they adopted for disseminating that information among the officers of the Royal Navy. Although it appeared, in this instance, that Her Majesty's officers were unacquainted with the changes which had occurred, the merchant service were not ignorant of them, for he had seen in the newspapers a letter from a gentleman commanding a vessel stating that they were perfectly well known.

 

The Duke of SOMERSET said he was very glad that the noble earl had put this question to him, as it enabled him to correct an error on the subject which was very generally prevalent, and into which it was not surprising that the noble earl had fallen, as it originated in the despatch of the Governor of New Zealand, Sir George Grey. In that despatch it was stated that the Orpheus "was intending to make the passage across the bar, as laid down in the chart of 1853. Since that time the bar has shifted about three-quarters of a mile to the northward. She was thus rather more than that distance too far to the southward." The loss of this fine vessel and her gallant crew was, of course, a most painful calamity; but it would have been an additional source of deep affliction if it had been caused by any neglect on the part of the Admiralty in not communicating to the officers of the ship the changes which were known to have occurred in the harbour. So far, however, was this from being the case that the chart of 1853 was brought to the notice of the Hydrographer's office in October 1861, if not before. A notice was then drawn up, of which printed copies were sent to the senior officer on the Australian station to be distributed among the ships in that quarter. That notice contained the following observations:-

 

"It appears from the Remark Book of Her Majesty's Ship Niger, 1861, by Mr. A.J. Veitch, Master, that since the survey by Captain Drury in 1853 the main channel at the entrance of Manukau Harbour has shifted; as also, that the code of signals noticed in the New Zealand Pilot, 2d edition, 1859, established to assist the navigation of that port, has been altered and improved. The following directions will therefore supersede those heretofore in use; but from the shifting nature of the entrance of Manukau Harbour, as also of all the bar harbours on the west coast of the north island, the seaman is cautioned to pay strict attention to directions that may be given from pilot stations; and it has been recommended as a general rule, in the absence of direct information of changes in the channels, that that portion which has the smoothest water between the breakers should be taken, as experience has proved that it will be the deepest part. The north side of the middle banks forming the southern boundary of the main channel to Manukau, has extended to the northward since Captain Drury's survey in 1853; vessels, therefore, in crossing the bar of this harbour should bring the Nine Pinrock twice its base open to the southward of Paratutai, N.E. by E 1/2 E., which will lead about a cable northward of the breakers."

 

Thus seamen were first cautioned that the bar had shifted, and were also warned to pay attention to local information. When he first heard of the accident to the Orpheus he was anxious to learn whether the officers had ever received the notice he had referred to. He therefore sent for the issue book kept in the Hydrographic-office, from which it appeared that the New Zealand notice was sent to Portsmouth on the 13th of November, 1861, and placed in No. 5 Australian chart box. On the 23d of November the Orpheus drew this No. 5 box from the store at Portsmouth, and the receipt for it was in the Hydrographic-office at the Admiralty. Moreover, he had seen an officer on Saturday who was saved from the wreck, and he believed he was correct in stating that the master of the Orpheus had a copy of the very notice in question in his hand at the time when the ship was approaching the bar. He mentioned these circumstances only to justify the Admiralty, and to show that they were not chargeable with neglect of duty. He would not go any further into the subject. Their lordships were doubtless aware that the Orpheus, which drew about 20ft. Of water, was rather larger than most of the ships frequenting that coast, end he might observe that he had sent her out at the pressing instance of the Governor of New Zealand. The noble earl had also asked what were the general orders of the Admiralty in regard to correcting charts. Those orders were very complete. The master was directed to note all inaccuracies in any of the charts supplied to the ship, but especially in those published by the Admiralty, so that the requisite alterations might be presently made. If the position of the dangers was materially altered, or if he should discover any new dangers, or if the inaccuracies he might have detected in the charts were of importance, he was to report them immediately to the Admiralty by the very first opportunity, so that no time should be lost in applying the necessary corrections. Again when a hydrographic notice of a newly discovered shoal, or rock, or other danger, or a notice to mariners of a new or altered light, buoy, beacon, or land mark was received on board, the master was at once to insert it in red ink in all the charts to which it referred (these being always enumerated at the foot of the notice), and to note the same in the sailing directions, reporting to the captain that he had so done. Further, all masters of Her Majesty's ships were required to report to the Secretary of the Admiralty through their captain the discovery of any new rock or shoal. The governors of our colonies and. Consuls constantly sent information, and harbour masters and merchant captains did the same. The Hydrographic-office was in constant correspondence with all parties who could furnish information in all parts of the world. As soon as it was received, if considered of fair authority, it was printed and circulated not only for the benefit of Her Majesty's ships, but of all navigators. He thought he had now shown that every care was taken to let the officers of the unfortunate vessel know the changes which had taken place in the harbour. He had only to add that there would of course be an inquiry into all the circumstances connected with the loss of the ship, and then probably it would be ascertained how the vessel came to be lost. He could not omit bearing testimony to the gallant bearing of all on board, and of the crew of the vessel, who, seeing death coming upon them in all directions, still remained steadfast in the execution of their duty. (Hear, hear.) Such conduct afforded a fine example of the courage and bravery of British seamen. (Hear, hear.)

 

Thursday 23rd April 1863 A meeting has been convened for this evening by the Mayor of Portsmouth to raise a public subscription for the relief of the widows and orphans of those who perished in the wreck of the Orpheus.

Tuesday 28th April 1863 A naval court assembled on board Her Majesty's ship Victory at Portsmouth yesterday, for the trial, pro forma, of Lieutenant Charles Hill, and the surviving officers and crew of Her Majesty's ship Orpheus at present in England, for the recent loss of that ship on the bar of Manukau harbour, New Zealand. The Court was composed of Captain Scott, Her Majesty's ship Victory, President; Captains Wainwright, Cumming, Phillimore, Chamberlain, and Seccombe. After hearing a mass of evidence the finding was read by the Deputy Judge-Advocate. It set forth that Her Majesty's ship Orpheus was lost by striking on the bar of Manukau harbour on the day named when going over it in the absence of pilot boats, that no blame whatever was attached to Commodore Burnett, C.B., or any of her officers and crew, that the conduct of every officer, seaman and marine, man and boy. On board was deserving of the very highest praise, and that Lieut. Hill and the officers and crew of Her Majesty's late ship Orpheus were therefore fully and honourably acquitted. Lieut. Hill was then called to the table and presented with, his sword. The President observed that the duly he had to perform was gratifying to him, and that he only expressed the feelings of the entire Court when he said they felt the sword could not be intrusted to better and more worthy hands. It gives us much pleasure to announce that Her Majesty has forwarded to Sir Michael Seymour, G.C.B., Admiral Commanding at Portsmouth, through Sir C. Phipps, the sum of 50 l. for the families of the crew of the Orpheus, with the expression of Her Majesty's deep sympathy with them in their affliction.

 

Monday 4th May 1863 NO ONE TO BLAME!- The Court of Inquiry into the circumstances of the wreck of the Orpheus have found, as we are informed by the correspondent of The Times, "that Her Majesty's ship Orpheus was lost by striking on the bar of Manukau harbour when going over it in the absence of pilot boats, that no blame whatever was attached to Commodore Burnett, C.B., or any of her officers and crew, and that the conduct of every officer, seaman and marine, man and boy, on board was deserving of the very highest praise." This is an astounding verdict, excepting only the last award of praise, thoroughly merited, as regards the conduct of all after the stranding of the ship. The conclusion is that no one was to blame for the loss of a fine ship in broad day and moderate weather. It was all right that she should attempt to enter the Manukau when she had no particular business there; it was all right that she should make the attempt at the wrong tide-time; in short, it was right that she should be lost, for, if there was no wrong in the case, all was right and as it ought to be. It is unfortunately true that the officers to whom blame may have attached are not living to defend themselves, but surely the Court, without direct censure, might have adverted to the causes of the disaster with regret, and thus given a warning against the repetition of the same errors. As it is, the imprudences seem approved and sanctioned. The Court found that the ship was lost by striking on the bar when going over it in the absence of pilot boats. The bar is only a cable's length in breadth. The ship first touched according to lieutenant Hill's statement, at 1 30, and 10 minutes afterwards struck, where she went to pieces. Was she, then, with all plain sail set, a fair wind and steam power in aid, 10 minutes in traversing the distance of a cable's length? If not, she was clearly not lost on the bar, the passage over which could not have taken her two minutes, allowing for a strong adverse tide, As we have before explained, the ship was lost on the Middle-bank, inside the bar, and not at all in the position of a bar, which, as the name expresses, stretches across the entrance of a harbour or port; the Middle lies in the direction of the entrance, and its north side makes the south side of the channel. The Court find that the ship struck in the absence of pilot boats. Does it pretend that pilot boats could be expected? Is it not well known that the pilot boats do not go beyond the Heads, and in the Admiralty Sailing Directions is it not notified that "it is seldom possible for the pilot boat to board outside the bar?" And for this reason all necessary directions for guidance are given by signals from the pilot-station at the Paratutai Head. But if, notwithstanding information to the contrary, the ship expected a pilot and was disappointed, why did she not then give up the attempt and proceed to Auckland, with a leading wind round the north cape? It is quite clear that the disaster was referable to the culpable error of attempting the entrance at the wrong tide-time. The signal for water was made at 11 30, 50 minutes before high water, and if there was only water enough in the 50 minutes before high water, there would certainly not be more in the 50 minutes after high water; for wherever there is a great inlet like the Manukau the first of the ebb runs off quicker than the last of the flood runs in. But with only 50 minutes of tide time to be depended on the Orpheus did not even approach the bar till that time had expired, and might have passed it about an hour and ten minutes after high water, when the tide had fallen full half a fathom, and a rougher weather-tide had increased the sand, and by so much diminished the depth of water necessary to float the long-legged ship over the shoals. But there was nothing to blame in all this according to the view of the naval Court, and officers are free to follow the example of Commodore Burnett without fear of censure, living or dead. Certain we are that the unfortunate officer himself must in his last moments bitterly have reproached himself for the rash error by which he had thrown away the lives of so many brave men. No officer's character stood higher than that of Commodore Burnett, and inexplicable is the one fatal error closing his meritorious career. Perhaps it never occurred to the Court to inquire what the ship was doing from daybreak, when she made the land, to midday, when she ran her head against the shore, for the answer might give some clue to the cause of the disaster, and might not be reconcilable with the foregone conclusion that no one was to blame.- Examiner.

Friday 8th May 1863

THE LOSS OF THE ORPHEUS.

 

The Secretary of the Admiralty presents his compliments to the Editor of The Times, and encloses herewith a return of the names of officers and men who perished in the wreck of Her Majesty's late ship Orpheus, at the entrance of the Manukau harbour, New Zealand, on the 7th. Of February last.

 

Admiralty, March 7th.

A Return of the Names of Officers and Men lost in the Wreck of Her Majesty's ship Orpheus, at the entrance of the Manukau harbour, New Zealand, on the 7th of February, 1863:-

William F. Burnett, C.B., commodore; William T.F.W. Mudge and Arthur Jekyll, lieutenants; William D. Strong, master; Robert H. Burton, commander; William J. Taylor, second master; William Hudson, gunner; Arthur R. Mallock, Thomas H. Broughton, and George H. Verner, midshipmen; John J. Tozer, master's assistant; Rev. C.B. Hazlewood, chaplain and naval instructor; William H.P.M. Gillham, secretary (assistant-paymaster); A.D. Johnston, assistant-paymaster; James Clarkson, asistant surgeon; Samuel Stephens, chief engineer; Jqhn H. Adams, engineer; John H. Vickery, assistant-engineer, 1st class; Edward J. Miller, William Adamson, and George F. Gossage (lent from the Miranda), assistant-engineers, 2d class; Henry N. Naylen, clerk; George Townsend ship's steward; George Drew, ship's cook; John E. Ernest, master-at-arms; Thomas Osborne, ship's corporal; William Sheppard and John Hutchins, gunner's mates; Frederick Kemp, Jesse Bignell, Frederick Allen, and Thomas Lane, leading stokers; Michael Mahoney, ropemaker; John Bosworthick, blacksmith; John Trautman, carpenter's mate; David Norris, caulker; George Warn and Henry Corps, quartermasters; Arthur Haggis, captain's coxswain; Thomas Ambrose, captain maintop; Abraham Voice, coxswain launch; John Pascoe and William Milliard, boatswain's mates; Joseph. W. Wilson; captain hold; John Plowman and Edwin Lloyd, captains after guard; George .Redman, armourer; George Vincent, caulker's mate; John Davey, captain mizen-top; Samuel…Mardon, musician; Henry Baker; cooper; Henry Redman, sick berth attendant; Alfred Brown, Felix Kelley, James Healy, David Lee, John H. Maud, Charles Davis, Andrew Dorey, William Swain, and John Moore, stokers; Thomas Smith, sailmaker's crew; William E. Bayliss, painter; George Hill and Thomas Kelly, leading seamen; Charles E. Rowe, John Pay, and Henry Thomas, carpenter's crew; John Wealords, shipwright; John Woodrow, tailor; George Anderson, Thomas Parke, Henry Sheargold, Edwin Pelham, William H. Hutton, William Stephenson, James M'Cloud, John Higham, Joseph Northover, Charles Whetnam, Jos. J. Rockett, Robert Randall, Edward Jenner, John Young, Edward Springer, John Hewitt, Harry Mark, George Mark, and William Cowen, A.B.sa; William Hillier and John Davis, ordinary second-class; John Cleary, James Hall, Daniel Hines, Edward Finn, William Rowland, Herbert Adams, John Bennett, William Blackwill, Alfred Crow, Noah Jones, Samuel Cole, James Ellis, William H. Bickle, William Halson, and Peter Newman, ordinary; Henry Weatherstone, William Palmer, Henry Welstead, and William Gannaway, ordinary second-class; William H. Cookney, wardroom steward; Thomas Stoneham, wardroom cook; C. Goldshmidt, captain's steward; Augustus Holdgate, captain's cook; John Hyde, gunroom steward; George Mitchell, gunroom cook; Samuel Scutt, engineer's servant; and John Phillips, engineer's cook. Boys.- James Goodwin, William F. Hunt, Edward M. Warner, William Jenkins, John T. Broadway, William J. Bridle, William J. Orchard, John Kingston, Jeremiah Murphy, Denis Donoghue, George Duffett, Charles Theobald, George Bunce, John Simmonds, Isaiah Thompson, and John Searle, first-class; Samuel F. Spencer, ship's steward's-boy; John H. Avis, William Davis, Albert Early, John Knowlden, Richard White, William Hartfield, Robert H. Veal, Thomas Callaghan, and John Cronin, second-class. Royal Marines.-Edward E. Hill, First lieutenant Royal Marine Artillery; John Howard, corporal; Sidney Hoyle, Thomas Ladbroke, John Shorthouse, David Horsfield, Daniel Davis, John Greenwood, Henry Baylam, Francis Starrs. Michael Flanaghan, Thomas Coffins, John Durkin, George Gray, Thomas Doren, Thomas Littlefield, Stephen Foyle, Henry Gardner, and John Heard, privates; William Tranter, sergeant; George Gordon, corporal; John Broad-wood, Bradley Starkay, John Kave, Lewis Cramp, Henry Crabb, Samuel Johnson, Thomas Brady, William Hobbs, Thomas Letheby, George King, William Burge, Charles Heath, and John Vince, gunners; Charles Binfield, Thomas Tucker, Henry Pearin, George Trott, Thomas Gould, John Williams, James Andrews, John P. Masters, Richard Williams, John Budge, and Peter Pafford. Privates.

 

Thursday 14th May 1863 WRECK OF THE ORPHEUS.- In 1846, in Her Majesty's sloop Osprey, Captain Patten was wrecked off the same fatal bar. An interesting account of the encampment of her crew, and their march across the island of New Zealand, was written by the steward (Mr. H. Moon), and has been introduced by the Lords of the Admiralty into the seamen's libraries. The signal then was, "Take the bar, there is no danger."

 

THE ORPHEUS RELIEF FUND.- The widows and relatives of the crew of Her Majesty's late ship Orpheus, who have been paid allotments for the month of April from the relief fund at the Royal Naval College, Portsmouth, are requested to attend at the college at 11 o'clock on Friday morning, the 29th of May, when they will be paid the allotments for the month of May. Any other applications for relief from the fund will be considered at the same time.

 

Monday 14th March 1864

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

 

MELBOURNE, JANUARY 25th.

 

… I may also mention in this place that since the disastrous wreck of the Orpheus the entrance into Manukau harbour has been re-surveyed, and carefully, and, I am informed, rather profusely buoyed, so that the steamers engaged in the inter-provincial trade, and those in communication with the General, pass into and out of that harbour with safety and with perfect confidence.

 

Thursday 14th July 1864

THE WAR IN NEW ZEALAND.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

 

MELBOURNE, MAY 26th.

 

The following is the list of killed and wounded. Where not described otherwise, the wounds are gunshot wounds:-

HER MAJESTY'S SHIP CURACOA - Lieutenant Hill, late of the Orpheus; and James Harris, ordinary seaman.

 

Thursday 17th November 1864

DREADFUL ACCIDENT AT TUNIS.

 

(From the Malta Times, November 10th.) It is with feelings of the deepest sorrow that we have to announce in our columns to-day an awful calamity which has befallen a number of brave officers and men of Her Majesty's ship Orlando. The afflicting tidings reached us by the French steamer Du Trembly, arrived this morning from Tunis, that one of the boats of the above ship bad been upset in a squall, by which no less than eight of her officers, three seamen, and a marine lost their lives. All the men-of-war in port, including the French frigate Cacque, immediately hoisted their flags half-mast high, and a like testimony of regret and mourning was shown by many of the merchant ships in harbour as soon as the lamentable event became more generally known. The following are the particulars of this catastrophe, which will cast many families into mourning:-It appears that on the morning of the 3d inst. a cutter, having on board the following officers:- Lieutenant Still, Surgeon Wood, Captain Pritchard, Royal Marines, Midshipmen De Gama, Fielding, and Kemble, Master's-Assistant Hadrill, and Assistant-Paymaster Stratford, together with four seamen and one marine, left the ship on a picnic party, and while returning at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, under sail, a sudden squall struck the boat when about a thousand yards from the shore, and upset it. Seeing that all hope of assistance was impossible, one of the seamen struck out for the shore, and was the only man saved. Ha was found the next morning completely exhausted, and in a state of nudity, in an Arab hut, by another cutter of the Orlando, which, in tow of the French frigate Invincible's steam launch, had been sent in search of the missing boat. Up to the last accounts, nothing else had been found but a jacket belonging to Mr. Fielding and a portion of the mast of the boat, notwithstanding the Orlando and gunboat Tyrian had been searching under steam for the missing bodies. The Orlando is expected here at the end of the week. The sudden calamity has created universal sympathy in Tunis. All the foreign representatives displayed their flags half-mast, and waited upon the English Consul-General to express their condolence and respect for the memory of so many brave officers and men appertaining to Her Majesty's naval forces, whose untimely death has deprived their Sovereign and their country of their valuable service. The Commandant Chevalier of His Imperial Majesty's ship Inflexible, senior officer of the French Emperor's ships in those waters, also waited on Her Majesty's representative for the same purpose, and the French Consul-General wrote besides a very feeling letter of condolence on the melancholy occasion. His Highness the Bey also conveyed his sympathy and condolence, and gave strict order to the authorities on the coast to protect any of the bodies of the victims that might be washed ashore, and to report immediately any such occurrence to the Bey's Government. It is a circumstance of melancholy interest to know that Mr. Fielding, one of the unfortunate young officers who perished on this occasion, was one of the few survivors of the lamentable wreck of Her Majesty's ship Orpheus on the coast of New Zealand.

 

"Bryan and Clement Broughton had emigrated to the western arm of Queen Charlotte Sound on the South Island. Clement had settled in Anakiwa and become a sheep farmer. Bryan, too, was almost certainly engaged in farming, exploiting the knowledge he had acquired at the Royal Agricultural College in Cirencester in 1853/4, where he had obtained a Diploma, coming first in the Order of Merit and having his name placed on the College’s Honours board. He had married Maria Theresa Downes, at Picton, Marlborough, in January 1861.

 

After playing cricket in Picton on 21 April 1862, Bryan Broughton was sailing home between Picton and Onahau Bay when a heavy squall arose and he was drowned, aged 24, leaving a wife and a three-month-old baby daughter (Broughton Bay in Keneperu Sound was subsequently named after him). " Mark Penfold from an article about their aunt pittvillehistory.org.uk/bios/9920.html

 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

LOST - Commodore, W. F. Burnett, C.B., Commander, R. H. Burton, Lieutenants, Mudge and Jykill Master, W. D. Strong Lieutenant Hill, Royal Marine Artillery Rev. C. Hazlewood, Chaplain Mr Gillham, Commodore's Secretary Mr Johnston, Assistant Paymaster Dr Clarkson, Surgeon Dr Crawford, Assistant Surgeon W. Stephens, Chief Engineer W. D. Taylor, Second Master A. R. Mallock, Midshipman T. H. Broughton, G. H. Verner, J. J. Tosser, Master's Assistant ; Mr Avian, Assistant Clerk J. H. Adams, Engineer 3lr Vickery, Engineer's Assistant Mr Miller, Engineer's Assistant, Mr Adams, Engineer's Assistant G. Gossage, Engineer's Assistant W. Hudson, Gunner.

 

SAVED - Lieutenant Yonge Lieutenant Hill Paymaster Amphlett Mr Barfely, Midshipman Mr Fielding,Midshipman, Mr Hunt, Midhsipman, Mr Mason, Boatswain Mr Beer, Carpenter and 61 Sailors and Marines.

Si quieres ver esta historia completa puedes hacer "click" en la foto - a.tunx.co/e4HYw

aren't they the perfect sisters? i am soooo in love with my girls!!

But of course, Fiep will always miss her twin, Tiramisu, created by and living withSara- Hola Gominola, and the reason she was cloned by me. Tiramisuuuuuuuuu!!!!! someday we will finally be together!!!! (for a little while at least!)

 

Ains! son la pareja perfecta! que las quierooooo!!!

Pero claro fiep siempre echara de menos a su gemelilla, Tiramisu, creda por Sara y viviendo por Sara, y la culpable de que me echara al clonismo vil

Tiramisuuuuuuuu!!!! algun dia nos encontraremos!!!!! un ratito por lo menos!

In july 1955, fifteen days of climbing training, organized by the Youth and Sports of Morocco (then under French protectorate ), have been nearly to end tragically.

We left with an instructor to explore the bed of a dried river who had cut deeply the plateau of the High Atlas where was intallé our camps.

The entrance to the river was dominated by two towering cliffs hundred and fifty meters high.

Our intention was to way out on the plateau.

The first few hours were relatively easy climbing that we did not pose a problem.

The error, which could have been fatal to us, came because we made a rappel by rope which prohibits us all back. We were thus condemned , regardless of the difficulties that we could meet, always moving forward to finally way out " from above" , ie to lead the plateau.

The night came and we were still prisoners gorges of the wadi. Some of my classmates , other culpable negligence of the teacher, were swimsuit. They shivered with cold.

Finally, the next day, in the early afternoon, we came on the set and rejoined our camp. Needless to say the monitor was seriously year due to the ease with which he had led half a dozen students in such a hazardous expedition .

The following photos show some very perilous passages. In one of which I almost unscrew more than sixty feet high ...

 

* * *

"Stage de Haute Montagne dans l'Atlas."

 

Quinze jours de stage de haute montagne, organisée par la Jeunesse et les Sports du Maroc ( alors sous protectorat français), faillirent se terminer tragiquement.

Nous étions partis avec un moniteur pour aller explorer le lit d'un oued desséché qui avait profondément entaillé le plateau du Haut Atlas où était intallé notre camps.

L'entrée de l'oued était dominé par deux imposantes falaises de cent cinquante mètres de haut.

Notre intention était de le remonter jusqu'au plateau.

Les premières heures furent relativement facile, de l'escalade qui ne nous posait pas de problème.

L'erreur, qui aurait pu nous être fatale, vint du fait que nous effectuâmes une descente en rappel qui nous interdit tout retour en arrière. Nous étions ainsi condamnés, quelles que soient les difficultés que nous pouvions rencontrer, à toujours aller de l'avant pour réussir enfin à sortir "par le haut", c'est à dire à déboucher sur le plateau.

La nuit vint et nous étions toujours prisonniers des gorges de l'oued. Certains de mes camarades, autre coupable négligence du moniteur, étaient en maillot de bain. Ils grelottaient de froid.

Enfin, le lendemain, en début d'après-mid , nous débouchâmes sur le plateau et rejoignîmes notre camp. Inutile de préciser que le moniteur fut sérieusement mis an cause pour la légèreté avec laquelle il avait entraîné une demi douzaine de stagiaires dans un expédition aussi hasardeuse.

Les photos qui suivent montrent quelques passages très périlleux dont un où j'ai bien failli dévisser de plus de vingt mètre de haut …

  

Making of Video Clip "Culpables" de Nicole.

 

www.nicoleonline.cl/

www.alteradoproducciones.com/

Détail de "Dieu réprimandant Adam et Ève", par Domenico Zampieri (1625). Musée de Grenoble.

Hey! I'm back, or something :)

 

I'm sorry for being so out lately, but i've been very very busy. Now it seems that I have a break, because the Xmas holidays are coming, so I'll try to catch up with all your pics.

 

This pic is one of the Graphic Design exercises I've done lately. I had to build typography with objects and texture x)

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesses_IX

 

Neferkare Setepenre Ramesses IX (also written Ramses) (originally named Amon-her-khepshef Khaemwaset) (ruled 1129–1111 BC) was the eighth pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt. He was the third longest serving king of this Dynasty after Ramesses III and Ramesses XI. He is now believed to have assumed the throne on I Akhet day 21 based on evidence presented by Jürgen von Beckerath in a 1984 GM article. According to Papyrus Turin 1932+1939, Ramesses IX enjoyed a reign of 18 years and 4 months and died in his 19th Year in the first month of Peret between day 17 and 27. His throne name, Neferkare Setepenre, means "Beautiful Is The Soul of Re, Chosen of Re." Ramesses IX is believed to be the son of Mentuherkhepeshef, a son of Ramesses III, since Mentuherkhopshef's wife, the lady Takhat bears the prominent title of King's Mother on the walls of tomb KV10, which she usurped and reused in the late 20th Dynasty; no other 20th Dynasty king is known to have had a mother with this name. Ramesses IX was, therefore, probably a grandson of Ramesses III.

 

His reign is best known for the year 16 and year 17 tomb robbery trials, recorded in the Abbott Papyrus, the Leopold II-Amherst Papyrus, Papyrus BM 10054 and on the recto of both Papyrus BM 10053 and Papyrus BM 10068. It has been suggested that the undated Papyrus Mayer B, dealing with the plundering of the tomb of Ramesses VI, may also stem from his reign but, so far, this remains conjecture.

 

During these trials it became clear that several royal and noble tombs in the Western Theban Necropolis had been robbed, including that of a 17th Dynasty king, Sobekemsaf II. Paser, Mayor of Eastern Thebes or Karnak, accused his subordinate Paweraa, the Mayor of West Thebes responsible for the safety of the necropolis, of being either culpable in this wave of robberies or negligent in his duties of protecting the Valley of the Kings from incursions by tomb robbers. Paweraa played a leading part in the vizierial commission set up to investigate, and, not surprisingly, it proved impossible for Paweraa to be officially charged with any crime due to the circumstantiality of the evidence. Paser disappeared from sight soon after the report was filed.

 

In the sixth year of his reign, he inscribed his titulature in the Lower Nubian town of Amara West. Most of his building works centre on the sun temple centre of Heliopolis in Lower Egypt where the most significant monumental works of his reign are located. However, he also decorated the wall to the north of the Seventh Pylon in the Temple of Amun-Re at Karnak. Finally, his name has been found at the Dakhla Oasis in Western Egypt and Gezer at Canaan which may suggest a residual Egyptian influence in Asia; the majority of the New Kingdom Empire's possessions in Canaan and Syria had long been lost to the Sea Peoples by his reign. He is also known for having honoured his predecessors Ramesses II, Ramesses III and Ramesses VII. He also paid close attention to Lower Egypt and built a substantial monument at Heliopolis.

 

Ramesses IX is known to have had two sons: at Heliopolis, "a gateway was reinscribed with texts including the king's names and also those of the prince and High Priest Nebmaatre, who was fairly certainly his son." Ramesses IX's second son, Montuherkhopshef C, perhaps this king's intended heir, who did not live long enough to succeed his father, took over the former KV19 tomb of Sethirkhepsef B in the Valley of the Kings. The throne was instead assumed by Ramesses X whose precise relationship to Ramesses IX is unclear. Ramesses X might have been Ramesses IX's son, but this assumption remains unproven. Tomb KV19, which was one of the most beautifully decorated tombs in the royal valley, had been abandoned by Sethirkhepsef B when the latter assumed the throne as king Ramesses VIII and one of prince Montuherkhopshef's depictions there "bears the prenomen cartouche to Ramesses IX on its belt" thereby establishing the identity of this prince's father. The tomb of Ramesses IX, KV6, has been open since antiquity, as is evidenced by the presence of Roman and Greek graffiti on the tomb walls. It is quite long in the tradition of the 'syringe' tunnels of the later 19th and 20th Dynasties and lies directly opposite the tomb of Ramesses II in the Valley of the Kings; this fact may have influenced Ramesses IX's choice of location for his final resting place due to its proximity to this great Pharaoh. While Ramesses IX's chief queen is not precisely identified in surviving Egyptian inscriptions, she was most likely Baketwernel.

 

In 1881, the mummy of Ramesses IX (nr. 5209) was found in the Deir el-Bahri cache (DB320) within one of the two coffins of Neskhons—wife of the Theban High Priest Pinedjem II. This pharaoh's mummy was not apparently examined by Grafton Elliot Smith and not included in his 1912 catalogue of the Royal Mummies. When the mummy was unwrapped by Maspero, a bandage was found from a year 5, mentioning the lady Neskhons, most probably from the reign of king Siamun. A further strip of linen from a year 7 identified the mummy as "Ra Khaemwaset" which can be taken as a reference to either Ramesses Khaemwaset Meryamun (IX) or Ramesses Khaemwaset Meryamun Neterheqainu (XI). But since an ivory box of Neferkare Ramesses IX was found in the royal cache itself, and Ramesses XI was probably never buried at Thebes but rather in Lower Egypt, "the [royal] mummy is most likely to be that of Ramesses IX himself." It is estimated that the king was about 50 years old when he died (but it is extremely difficult to correctly establish the age of mummies) and his mummy was found to have broken limbs, a broken neck and damage to its nose, which is missing.

 

In April 2021 his mummy was moved from the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization along with those of 17 other kings and 4 queens in an event termed the Pharaohs' Golden Parade.

 

The novel Ancient Evenings by Norman Mailer is told from the perspective of characters living during the reign of Ramesses IX, including Ramesses IX himself. Most but not all of the novel takes place on one long evening in 1123 or 1122 BCE, during which the characters (including Ramesses IX) tell stories of the past. The majority of the book concerns the reign of Ramesses II, approximately 150 years before the night of the narrative; the Battle of Kadesh (1274 BCE) is in turn the central event of this sub-narrative.

Sketches from the courtroom of the first trial of the Baltimore police officers accused of being culpable in the death of Freddie Gray. www.washingtonpost.com/news/drawing-dc-together/

Sketches from the courtroom of the first trial of the Baltimore police officers accused of being culpable in the death of Freddie Gray. www.washingtonpost.com/news/drawing-dc-together/

Making of Video Clip "Culpables" de Nicole.

 

Video Clip:

www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsc7YXgAe8E

 

www.alteradoproducciones.com/

6 meses y medio y un culpable (YO)

Title: The World of Tiers Volume 1

Author: Farmer, Philip Jose 1918-2009

Type: Hardbound; anthology; 2 novels

Publisher: Nelson Doubleday, Inc.

Copyright: 1965 Ace Books, 1966 by author

Pages count: 312 pgs

Edition: Science Fiction Book Club

Cover artist: Boris Vallejo 1941-

Publication date: unknown

Cover Price: not listed

Magazine appearance: not listed

 

Comments: This volume consists of the following three related novels:

 

The Makers of the Universe, 1965, 170 pgs.

 

The Gates of Creation, 1966, 150 pgs.

 

The Lavalite World, 1977, 127 pgs.

 

Nice Vallejo cover.

 

Culpability: All images are from publications owned by Calwalader Ringgold /\ Weazel. Image scanning, editing and compiling of bibliographic data was performed by Calwalader Ringgold /\ Weazel.

 

Siempre inocentes ...

[See also: Animal Rights March 2nd Sept 2017]

 

Loud and lively anti-fur demonstration on the opening day of London Fashion Week 2017.

 

The organisers note that -

 

"Despite many big labels like Armani, Stella McCartney, Calvin Klein and Vivienne Westwood denouncing fur, London Fashion Week continues to provide the largest platform for fur in the UK - even though fur is illegal to produce in this country.

 

As high fashion drips down into high street fashion, the relentless promotion of fur by high brow designers is culpable in the normalisation of cheap high street fur items that have been brought back into shops and market stalls. London Fashion Week is currently responsible for the deaths of millions of innocent animals who are enslaved and tortured for their fur. This has to stop."

 

All rights reserved © 2017 Ron F

Please ask before commercial reuse.

Follow me on Twitter for the most recent shots.

Kyle's 365 has been a huge inspiration, and this one is for you, Kyle. Thanks also to the preview team!

 

I've always had a problem with punctuality, of course it's usually the children's fault, or Ros :) but just occasionally I can't blame them and I realise that I'm just as culpable. Partly, I suppose it's the desire to not waste time waiting that means I always leave at the last possible moment (and then get held up/delayed/forget something etc etc), partly it's my ability to get so wrapped up in what I'm doing I forget about the world and all sense of time goes out the window. The odd thing is that I hate being late, it's so rude.

 

Must try harder. (Which unfortunately seems to be a motto for my life - I wonder what the Latin for it is. It'd probably look better)

 

White Men Can

 

My 52 Week Self-portrait Project is not an exercise in narcissism but an attempt to grow as a portrait photographer. Please leave me a comment - however small - and don't be afraid to criticise. Thanks

CRUSHED BY A BOILER.

FATAL ACCIDENT AT NEW LYNN.

While a new boiler was being tested at the Brick, Tile, and Pottery Company's works, New Lynn, yesterday, the temporary foundations collapsed, and the boiler fell, crushing beneath it a man named Robert Ezzy, and striking the supervising engineer, John Colinshaw, under whose direction the test was being conducted. As soon as the accident happened medical aid was summoned, and Drs. Carolan, Harding Porter and Dudley were sent for. Dr. Porter and Dr. Carolan were quickly in attendance, and it was found that Mr. Ezzy had sustained a fracture of one leg, and that his thigh was crushed. He was sent at once to the District Hospital, where he died late last night. The supports of the boiler had to be sawn away before he could be liberated. Mr. Colinshaw's injuries were also very serious. His face was shockingly injured, the nose being crushed, and his eye socket very badly fractured. Several pieces of bone had to be removed from the eye socket, and it is doubtful whether the optic nerve is not destroyed. The eyeball is intact. but terribly bruised. It is almost certain that the sight of this one eye will be affected. When Mr Colinshaw was struck he was knocked down, and when down was again struck by the boiler. An operation was performed by Dr. Porter, chloroform being administered by Drs. Carolan and Dudley. Mr. Colinshaw was removed to the Waverley Hotel, Auckland, where he had been staying. His condition gives the medical men some anxiety.

A man who was working at the boiler saw that the ground beneath it was collapsing, but he was unable to warn the others, as he was so alarmed that his speech left him, and he had scarcely time to get clear when the boiler fell.

Mr. Ezzy was a married man, and his home was at New Lynn.

paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH19060531.2.34

 

The remains of the late Mr. Ezzy, who died from injuries received at the New Lynn Pottery Company's works on May 30, were interred at Waikumete on Sunday. The cortege left the residence of deceased on June 2 at New Lynn, and was attended by members of the family and several members of the A.O. Druids from Ruckland. Rev. Mr Grieg officiated. Much sympathy is expressed for the widow. The late Mr. Ezzy was a trooper in the Australian Bushmen, and held the South African and Coronation medals, and was held in high esteem.

paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19060611.2.39

 

NEW LYNN FATAL ACCIDENT.

QUESTION OF PROPER PRECAUTIONS.

RIDER BY THE JURY.

The inquest in connection with the death of Albert Ezzy, who died from injuries received at the New Lynn Pottery Company's works on May 30, was continued at the hospital yesterday morning, having been adjourned for the evidence of the Government inspector of machinery.

Mr. T. Cotter appeared on behalf of the superintending engineer, and Mr. Alexander on behalf of deceased's relatives.

Henry Wetherilt, senior inspector of machinery for the Auckland district, stated that he inspected the debris on May 3, the day after the accident. The machinery was then in a confused heap, but his observations led him to believe the boiler which came down had not been properly supported. Ultimately brickwork would have been placed round, and until that brickwork was in position other necessary supporting work was required. He would not have trusted the boiler to stand in the position it was in without efficient support. The result of his inspection led him to firmly believe that the boiler and its supports were not sufficiently supported nearest the engine-house. He would say that the kauri ricker, position of which was produced, was not a sufficient support. The outside of the timber should have betokened to a careful man that the ricker was unsound. Witness would have had six strong struts supporting the boiler structure. The leaving of the side nearest the stack of bricks unsupported was anything but prudent.

The Coroner: In your opinion, was it not the absolute duty of Mr. Cowlishaw, the superintending engineer, to see that the stays were in place, he having said he could not say when the other three supports were removed?

Witness: I should think a man's own sense of safety would lead him to see that the supports were in position. On Mr. Cowlishaw's own evidence I would not have trusted my life under that boiler to inspect it minutely. I consider it was the duty of Mr. Cowlishaw to see that the structure was sufficiently supported on all four sides.

The Coroner: Mr. Cowlishaw said the fact that the stays were placed where they were would not affect the stability of the structure, as they were placed there in the course of erection; and after the nipples, or connecting tubes, were bolted up the structure would have stood by itself. Mr. Cotter: And that will be our evidence. We have witnesses and produce photos, to show that a similar boiler erected at Ashburton was passed by the Government inspector when there were no supports whatever, beyond the actual structure itself.

Witness: Dock it not appeal to anyone's common sense that, those four long legs at the corners of the framework are not sufficient support?

Mr. Cotter: Mr. Cowlishaw has had long experience.

The Coroner: It is not a question of ability, but culpability.

The Witness: So many times in my experience have things been done in one particular way until there is an accident, and then they realise how lucky they must have been in the past. Long before that boiler was in the stage of erection it was the firm should have given me notice of it. I did not know there was such a boiler here until after the accident. They are not obliged by the Act to give notice, but every firm in the colony does give notice and supply designs, and we apply our formula and know what test to apply. I may be an extra cautious man, but whoever trusted their lives under these boilers in the past. I would not do it. I still say, notwithstanding that the nipples or connecting tubes were fixed, supports were absolutely necessary for, the complete safety of the structure.

The Coroner: Having in view the fact that Mr. Cowlishaw was in charge of this structure, and having in view the fact that the structure was not sufficiently supported on four sides, would you express to the jury your opinion as to whether Mr. Cowlishaw's bare duty should have consisted in satisfying himself beyond all question that the structure was properly supported. That is somewhat involved, but what I want you to say is whether or not you consider that Mr. Cowlishaw was guilty of culpable negligence.

Witness: I don't know in what other way to put it. He might have done it for so long without any support that he believed it safe. For my part, I say that Mr. Cowlishaw was neglectful in not having the structure equally supported on each of its four sides. He deemed it desirable to put up six supports, and they should have remained there. There was an absence of such care as a reasonable, prudent superintending engineer would exercise.

To Mr. Cotter: Witness would not say it was absolutely impossible for the boiler and framework to stand, and be tested without requiring further support, but, personally, he would not have risked it. He had no control whatever over the actual erection. His only control would be when he went to make the inspection of the boiler, and regard for his own personal safety would lead him to require additional support before making the inspection.

Mr, Cotter: If a person had put tip other boilers in the same way, without accident, would you say he was criminally negligent?

Witness: I don't say he was criminally negligent.

After some further discussion, the witness said, in reply to Mr. Cotter: "I do not consider that Mr. Cowlishaw, if he had previously erected this kind of boiler, and the same had remained rigid on its four legs without additional support, after the connecting pipes had been fixed, would he guilty of culpable or criminal negligence in thinking that this boiler would be safe without additional stays. The fact that the water had remained in the boiler for three days previously would lead anyone to suppose that the structure was secure, and would, in my opinion, justify him in assuming that it was safe. It does not surprise me to learn that Mr. Carmen, a Government inspector of machinery, inspected such a boiler at Ashburton, when there were no supports beyond the structure itself.

William George Hillyer, manager for Messrs. Reid and Gray at the Ashburton branch, called by Mr. Cotter, stated he had superintended the creation of a similar boiler at Ashburton, and no supports were used after the framework was completed. A similar boiler stood for a week, on the Sydney show ground without support. The boilers were made in England complete in every detail, and only put together here. Mr. Cowlishaw was sent out from Home by the maker of the Hornsby boilers to superintend erections.

Medical testimony having been given, the jury retired for half-an-hour, and then returned with a verdict that deceased came to his death through shock caused by the falling of a boiler. The jury was further of the opinion that sufficient precaution was not taken by Mr. Cowlishaw in the erection of the boiler.

The Coroner: This involves a serious question. By this do you mean that you consider he was so neglectful that he caused the death of the deceased?

The Foreman: I think that is implied.

The Coroner: Then, do you mean to say in your verdict that Mr. Cowlishaw was guilty of any crime?

The Foreman: We simply came to the conclusion set forth, and we're, not concerned with the rest.

The Coroner: Pardon me, you are. I am bound to take a jury's verdict, but it must be concise. The second part leaves it open to doubt as to whether you mean that he was guilty of manslaughter or culpable negligence.

Mr. Cotter: I thought that point was cleared up. You said that the evidence of Mr. Wetherill did not justify a verdict of manslaughter. If there is any doubt. I want to call further evidence.

The Coroner: The jury must give a decisive verdict.

The jury retired, again for a short period, and returned with the verdict, "That, in the opinion of the jury, deceased's death was the result of shock, caused through the falling upon him of a boiler at New Lynn, and that the occurrence was accidental and by misfortune." The jury, also added a rider expressing the opinion that in the election of similar constructions, the greatest possible precautions against accident should be adopted.

paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH19060615.2.83

 

Plot 14a: Albert Ezzy (39) 1906 – Orchardist – Crushed by a boiler

Plot 14b: Laura Woodruffe (28) 1911

 

In Loving Memory

of

ALBERT

beloved husband of

Ada E. EZZY

Born N.S.W. 1867.

Died 30th May 1906.

– through injuries

received at –

New Lynn.

 

Rest dearest Albert

sweetly rest

They miss you most

who loved you best.

 

Also

LAURA CLYTHA

beloved wife of

Arthur

WOODRUFFE

born March 29th 1882

died Sept. 12th 1911

Sleep dear one.

   

HORNUNG, Erik (1985/1995). Tal der Könige: Die Ruhestätte der Pharaonen. Weltbild Verlag GmbH, Augsburg/Artemis Verlag AG, Zurich.

---

Ramesses IX (also written Ramses) (originally named Amon-her-khepshef Khaemwaset) (ruled 1129 – 1111 BC) was the eighth king of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt. He was the third longest serving king of this Dynasty after Ramesses III and Ramesses XI. He is now believed to have assumed the throne on I Akhet day 21 based on evidence presented by Jürgen von Beckerath in a 1984 GM article. According to Papyrus Turin 1932+1939, Ramesses IX enjoyed a reign of 18 Years and 4 months and died in his 19th Year in the first month of Peret between day 17 and 27. His throne name, Neferkare Setepenre, means "Beautiful Is The Soul of Re, Chosen of Re." Ramesses IX is believed to be the son of Mentuherkhepeshef, a son of Ramesses III since Montuherkhopshef's wife, the lady Takhat bears the prominent title of King's Mother on the walls of tomb KV10 which she usurped and reused in the late 20th dynasty; no other 20th dynasty king is known to have had a mother with this name. Ramesses IX was, therefore, probably a grandson of Ramesses III.

 

His reign is best known for the year 16 and year 17 tomb robbery trials, recorded in the Abbott Papyrus, the Leopold II-Amherst Papyrus, Papyrus BM 10054 and on the recto of both Papyrus BM 10053 and Papyrus BM 10068. It has been suggested that the undated Papyrus Mayer B, dealing with the plundering of the tomb of Ramesses VI may also stem from his reign but, so far, this remains conjecture.

 

During these trials it became clear that several royal and noble tombs in the Western Theban necropolis had been robbed, including that of a 17th Dynasty king, Sobekemsaf II. Paser, Mayor of Eastern Thebes or Karnak, accused his subordinate Paweraa, the Mayor of West Thebes responsible for the safety of the necropolis, of being either culpable in this wave of robberies or negligent in his duties of protecting the Valley of the Kings from incursions by tomb robbers. Paweraa played a leading part in the vizierial commission set up to investigate, and, not surprisingly, it proved impossible for Paweraa to be officially charged with any crime due to the circumstantiality of the evidence. Paser disappeared from sight soon after the report was filed. Ramesses IX brought a measure of stability to Egypt after the wave of tomb robberies. He also paid close attention to Lower Egypt and built a substantial monument at Heliopolis.

In the sixth year of his reign, he inscribed his titulature in the Lower Nubian town of Amara West. Most of his building works centre on the sun temple centre of Heliopolis in Lower Egypt where the most significant monumental works of his reign are located. However, he also decorated the wall to the north of the Seventh Pylon in the Temple of Amun-Re at Karnak. Finally, his name has been found at the Dakhla Oasis in Western Egypt and Gezer at Canaan which may suggest a residual Egyptian influence in Asia; the majority of the New Kingdom Empire's possessions in Canaan and Syria had long been lost to the Sea Peoples by his reign. He is also known for having honoured his predecessors Ramesses II, Ramesses III and Ramesses VII.

 

Ramesses IX is known to have had 2 sons: at Heliopolis, "a gateway was reinscribed with texts including the king's names and also those of the prince and High Priest Nebmaatre, who was fairly certainly his son." Ramesses IX's second son, Montuherkhopshef C, perhaps this king's intended heir, who did not live long enough to succeed his father, took over the former KV19 tomb of Sethirkhepsef B in the Valley of the Kings. The throne was instead assumed by Ramesses X whose precise relationship to Ramesses IX is unclear. Ramesses X might have been Ramesses IX's son, but this assumption remains unproven. Tomb KV19, which was one of the most beautifully decorated tombs in the royal valley, had been abandoned by Sethirkhepsef B when the latter assumed the throne as king Ramesses VIII and one of prince Montuherkhopshef's depictions there "bears the prenomen cartouche to Ramesses IX on its belt" thereby establishing the identity of this prince's father. The tomb of Ramesses IX, (KV6), has been open since antiquity, as is evidenced by the presence of Roman and Greek graffiti on the tomb walls. It is quite long in the tradition of the 'syringe' tunnels of the later 19th and 20th Dynasties and lies directly opposite the tomb of Ramesses II in the Valley of the Kings; this fact may have influenced Ramesses IX's choice of location for his final resting place due to its proximity to this great Pharaoh. While Ramesses IX's chief queen is not precisely identified in surviving Egyptian inscriptions, she was most likely Baketwernel.

 

In 1881, the mummy of Ramesses IX (nr. 5209) was found in the Deir el-Bahri cache (DB320) within one of the two coffins of Neskhons—wife of the Theban High Priest Pinedjem II. This pharaoh's mummy was not apparently examined by Grafton Elliot Smith and not included in his 1912 catalogue of the Royal Mummies. When the mummy was unwrapped by Maspero, a bandage was found from a year 5, mentioning the lady Neskhons, most probably from the reign of king Siamun. A further strip of linen from a year 7 identified the mummy as "Ra Khaemwaset" which can be taken as a reference to either Ramesses Khaemwaset Meryamun (IX) or Ramesses Khaemwaset Meryamun Neterheqainu (XI). But since an ivory box of Neferkare Ramesses IX was found in the royal cache itself, and Ramesses XI was probably never buried at Thebes but rather in Lower Egypt, "the [royal] mummy is most likely to be that of Ramesses IX himself." It is estimated that the king was about 50 years old when he died (but it is extremely difficult to correctly establish the age of mummies) and his mummy was found to have broken limbs, a broken neck and damage to its nose, which is missing.

 

The novel Ancient Evenings by Norman Mailer is told from the perspective of characters living during the reign of Ramesses IX, including Ramesses IX himself (Wikipedia).

cami

'Dejé la habitación desordenada, no me molesté en colocar los zapatos esparcidos por el suelo, los libros y papeles del escritorio, ni siquiera cerré la tapa del ordenador. Todo sucede por una razón, cada uno obtiene lo que se merece y mierdas así siempre me han sacado de quicio, sólo sirven para calmar conciencias castigadas y tranquilizar a estúpidos que dejaron que les tomaran el pelo o a pobres desgraciados cuya vida les ha castigado absurda e inexplicablemente. Salí del sucio portal con la cabeza gacha, a veces no queda más remedio que ir a comprar lo necesario para subsistir, y el peor momento para darte cuenta es cuando acabas de cambiarte de ropa, ponerte cómodo y decidir que pasarás las próximas 4 horas tirado frente al ordenador viendo series con subtítulos en español latinoamericano y comiendo cualquier cosa grasienta que tendrá de todo menos algo sano y nutritivo.

Al girar la esquina me crucé con una chica jóven... (seguir leyendo)'

 

Instragram

carpe Diem

Belinda

2010

 

hola!!! un wallpaper que hize hace mucho!

hoy revisando mui papalera de reciclaje! lo encontre! i ps ya lo restaure y lo subi :D

me gsuto elr esulktado final! el blend lo hize hace uff! solo q ya lo habia borrado en un ataque de ira! hahha.

Enjoy!

WARNING: There may be more information in the following little ditty about mrwaterslide than you are prepared to handle, and if you are at all afraid that that might be the case, don't read on.

 

1.) Not yet two-years-old, I put the Drano in the goldfish bowl.

2.) Out with the family for Sunday dinner at the Old Washington Inn (a little flea-bite town whose sole claim to fame was that Morgan's Raiders had come riding through), I locked the front door, a deed undiscovered for close to an hour. My mother says that my father had to give them a substantial sum of money to make-up for their loss of business.

3.) I had a rubber ball, or a series of rubber balls, that I bounced and caught, bounced and caught, bounced and caught, bounced and caught, bounced and caught, bounced and caught, indoors and out, against the house, against the wallpaper, against the brick wall in the garden, on and on, again and again, almost neverending. Once, when the ball rolled into the next room, my grandmother got it and put it in her apron. I knew that she had it. I asked her if she had it. She said she hadn't seen it. I was stymied. I couldn't call my grandmother a liar. I think I went for the rest of the day without my rubber ball.

4.) I first got to second base at the Boy Scout National Jamboree held at Valley Forge in Pennsylvania. Me and some other guy whose name might have been Ricky struck-up a conversation with these two girls who claimed to be Candy Stripers at a local King-of-Prussia hospital. Maybe they had their Candy Stripers uniforms on, which would give the story a little Japanese erotic kinky twist, except that I was not yet a dirty-old-man. We walked them all-the-way to the other side of the park, and bade them a prolonged groping goodbye. When we got back to our group, we had been found-out as curfew violators and were confined to our tents for the whole of the next day, until the next evening when they let us out to go hear LBJ, who flew in in a helicopter and vigorously defended his Viet Nam policy. While we were in the tent together, Ricky and I listened to that song about how "If you want to be happy for the rest of your life, you've got to marry an ugly wife," and Ricky pointed out the dirty lyrics.

5.) The day The White Album came out, we (the guys on my end of the hall in the dorm) got a bottle of Tanqueray and all got drunk. When the record got to that line in "Rocky Raccoon" about "stinking of gin," we all roared with laughter. Larry Goldblatt, who didn't drink and whose parents had a lot of money (most everyone there had parents who had more money than my parents had), came in with his $350 camera (when $350 was a lot of money---probably it was a Leica) and began taking pictures.

I remember looking up at him, helpless and well-neigh delirious, and thinking "Oh shit," or words to that effect. He took our photographs and made them in to postcards, and, when Christmas break came around, he sent one to each of us, at our home addresses. I went to the mailbox that day, and when I saw the card and that image of my drunken self, hair matted to my head, and realized what it was, I tore it into pieces and threw it in the trash, to my everlasting shame.

6.) I owned Bausch & Lomb @ $192 a share and rode it all the way down, like Slim Pickens in Dr. Strangelove, to something like $32 a share, where I sold it. I sold my Twenty-Century Fox stock just before Rupert Murdock made the tender offer and it skyrocketed. I bought defense industry put options when Reagan took office, thinking I would make some money, if nothing else, out of his presidency. The stock market tanked and soon my $8000 had vanished.

7.) Riding in the car on the way to the church for my grandmother's funeral, my grandfather (a Methodist preacher) told me that he had always hoped I would be the one to carry on his ministry.

8.) I am a member of The In-The-Middle-Of-The-Pedernales-River Club. I am a member of The On-A-Levee-By-The-Mississippi Club. I am a member of The On-Top-Of-A-Fire-Tower Club. I am not a member of The Mile-High Club.

9.) Once, sitting with my girlfriend on the roof of my house in Missouri with a beer and a cigarette, watching the sun go down (our almost nightly ritual) I looked up directly overhead and saw Jesus Christ, or at least that Christ imaged in the Shroud of Turin, but only from the waist up. It wasn't like kind-of like that Christ---it was the spitting image of that Shroud of Turin Christ, only it was a cloud, of course. "Look at that," I said to my girlfriend, and she looked up and said, "It's Jesus Christ."

10.) I have a $2400 burn on my legs. At work one night, in too much of a hurry, I opened a pressurized steam jacket too quickly to check on a pot roast that was boiling in a 600 pan. A Niagara Falls of boiling water came leaping out at me. The burn on my right leg is an almost perfectly formed rectangle, not really noticeable.

The burn on my left leg is shaped like a medium-sized Idaho potato. When I had been going up to the Burn Unit for three or four weeks to have the dressing changed, one of the nurses said, "I wonder why they didn't give you a skin graft," looking at the burn on my left leg. When I saw people who had really bad burns, I knew I was lucky.

The burns itch like crazy in the wintertime. I was disappointed that I didn't get more money.

11.) I may well be a father. The last time I saw her, she looked to be about four-months pregnant, but she was with her husband in the produce aisle at the grocery store, and I couldn't very well go up to her and ask her how she was doing.

It's a Long Short Story, of course, and, as I tell my Latin friends, "mi no culpable."

12.) Me being impulsive and all, if you asked me just now which historical figure I would like to return as, I would say, "Johnny Appleseed."

13.) I am not the kind of person who has no regrets. When Tom Rush sings that song called "No Regrets," about how he's walking away and he has "no regrets," the regret in his voice is palpable. That song is on an album called, "The Urge For Going," which is the second album (vinyl) I ever bought, and Tom Rush's version of Joni Mitchell's song "The Urge For Going," is undoubtedly my favorite song of all-time.

I would lie in bed at night with my little transitor radio and listen to WBZ Boston, hoping against hope that they would play that song. Later, in college, I dated a girl from Bryn Mawr who told me that the girls in her suite at her private girl's school drew straws to see who got to spend the night with Tom Rush. She never did tell me if she was the one who got the short straw.

14.) I don't believe in that astrology crap, but I read somewhere that Capricorn's are late-bloomers, and I'm counting on that.

15.) On my tombstone, it will say, "He Never Voted For A Republican President." However, the thought of mouldering in the ground disgusts me, and I plan to be cremated.

16.) I can't believe I ever was as a happy as the person in this photograph seems to be. In fact, I can't believe that the person in this photograph was that happy. He was not a particularly nice person, at that point in his life. Fact is, he may not be a particularly nice person even now. He is, however, capable of goodness and decency, nice or not. As someone told him just the other day, "Chef, if it wasn't for white folks like you, and I mean this sincerely, Obama could never have become President." That sentence felt less like vindication than redemption.

He hopes to be this happy again someday, and soon.

Love killed six times more Indians than terror attacks, government records revealed.

Between 2001 and 2015, love was the officially recorded reason for as many as 38,585 murders and culpable homicide cases. Terror, on the other hand, killed 20,000 people, including civilians and security forces, in the same period. Andhra Pradesh witnessed the highest number of love-related murder cases.

Times of India. April 02/2017.

Pic. a love scene from a Drama.

Sketches from the courtroom of the first trial of the Baltimore police officers accused of being culpable in the death of Freddie Gray. www.washingtonpost.com/news/drawing-dc-together/

Title: The Earth Tripper

Author: Kelley, Leo P. 1928-

Type: Paperback – novel

Publisher: Fawcett Gold Medal

Publisher ID: T2719

Copyright: 1973 by author

Pages count: 159

Edition: 1st printing

Cover artist: not credited – no signature line on cover

Publication date: May 1973

Cover Price: .75

 

Comments: Leo P. Kelley’s first published speculative fiction was in 1955 and abruptly terminated in 1974. He published 9 novels and two anthologies. I have read his 1971 book The Coins of Murph and would recommend it. This book is on my shelf of books “to be read someday” boy is it loaded. The Fawcett edition T2719 is considered to be the “First Edition”. The cover is a “psychedelic experience” type illustration fairly common on paperback covers in early 70’s

 

Culpability: All images are from publications owned by Calwalader Ringgold /\ Weazel. Image scanning, editing and compiling of bibliographic data was performed by Calwalader Ringgold /\ Weazel.

 

LOGLINE:

Collective is a gripping, real-time docu-thriller that follows a heroic team of journalists as they expose shocking corruption in the Romanian national health-care system.

 

SYNOPSIS:

After an explosive fire claims the lives of 27 people at Bucharest nightclub, Colectiv, officials reassure the public that surviving victims will receive care in facilities that are “better than in Germany.” Weeks later, a rising causality count leads intrepid reporters at the Sports Gazette to investigate. Just as a crucial tip exposes Hexi Pharma, a local firm’s culpability, the firm’s owner dies under mysterious circumstances and the health minister quietly resigns amid the uproar -but this is only the first chapter in a thrilling, ever- twisting exposé.

Closely tracking the efforts of the Gazette team as they methodically discover layer upon layer of fraud and criminal malfeasance, Alexander Nanau’s COLLECTIVE is a fast- paced, real-time detective story about truth, accountability, and the value of an independent press in partisan times.

  

"When I started working on this film in early 2016, I never imagined that the year would be a major turning point for democracy all around the world. I never suspected that, by the end of the production, most of what could be said about Romanian society would be equally relevant for older, more established democracies, be it the UK, the US, Italy, Brazil, Hungary, Poland, Turkey, etc. There was a pattern of populists taking over, lying and attacking the free press, misusing state institutions in their own interest and perverting the very meaning of liberal values and social structures. 2016 tested democracies worldwide, but it also tested each and every one of us."

––Alexander Nanau