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A GUIDE TO MANFRED THIERRY MUGLER'S 'A*MEN/B*MEN & THE PURE' SERIES OF FRAGRANCES By Paul Williams (Part One)
Following on from my recent series in four parts giving insight into Manfred Thierry Mugler's personal history, and the story of his male fragrance range from A*MEN through to Alien Fusion, here I will concentrate in more detail on some of the individual fragrances from the line from 2004's B*MEN up until the last of the 'Pure range' 2018's re-releases of Pure Malt and Pure Havane in reformulated guise.
This is no way is a definitive guide as I will concentrate only on those that I currently possess in my own collection which include original first batches and some rarities. I have never been lucky enough to get my grubby little mits on A*MEN URBAN despite brave attempts to persuade a non co-operative American on the Bay of Fleas to ship further than his own backyard! I have never even seen the Bracelet de Force issue of A*MEN so again it is not included in my series here. I will also omit for now the daddy of them all, A*MEN which deserves it's own piece at a later date, such is the complexity of the releases and reformulations.
For collectors and fans alike, I will give batch codes, packaging details and identification barcodes wherever possible and I hope that this might help those now and in the future who are looking for information as this series of wonderful fragrances becomes scarcer and rarer and eventually becomes part of history... sadly. I am always open to new information and corrections, so please feel free to offer up batch codes and information if you have any and I will add those details to my series and mention you with a thank you at the end. I hope you enjoy reading the series.
2009
PURE MALT (EDITION LIMITEE-LIMITED EDITION - SUBLIMEE DE NOTES BOISEES-SUBLIMENTED BY WOODY NOTES)
Released in 2009, this very first formulation and edition of Pure Malt is easily identifiable by the words 'Edition limitee-Limited edition' printed on the front of the box. This is the case for batch codes through until 20th June 2012 which still featured identical packaging and the 'Edition Limitee' on the box front. Later versions do not have this printed on them. Top notes: Fruity notes. Heart notes: Woody notes & malt. Base notes: Oriental accords, Smoky accords & peat.
PACKAGING FOR STANDARD RELEASE
A Deep dark brown brown box with a Gold border around it and the familiar white downwards oblong patch with Black A*MEN and a gold star. The standard 'Thierry Mugler' signature is on the front in sparkling gold and the words: 'EAU DE TOILETTE, SUBLIMEE EN FUT DE CHENE-EDITION LIMITEE-LIMITED EDITION' also in sparkling gold. Printed into the top of the box is a golden stamp with TM's insignia and the words around it: 'LES LIQUEURS DE PARFUMS THIERRY MUGLER'
The base barcode is printed in black on white on the dark brown base of the box and reads 3 offset then 439600600797 and 0 offset. The two batch codes are on the right of the base in black print and are virtually impossible to decipher unless you remove the cellophane and use a spy glass!. Printed in sparkling gold on the base is:
'Ce produit ne peut etre vendu que par les distributeurs agrees Thierry Mugler parfums. Mfd. For Thierry Mugler Parfums. 13 Rue Madeleine Michelis-92200 Neuilly. 953300 Pontoise-France. 95300 Pontoise. Brevet FR depode-French patent application. Ref 60079-Made in France.
BATCH CODES INCLUDE:
904119/09092 Denoting an original April 2009
011220/10018 Denoting 18th January 2010
206377/12172 Denoting 20th June 2012 All of these batch codes are the original 'Edition Limitee'.
On the rear of the box is a colourful rendition of the Black flacon with a gorgeous amber/honey gold colour to the juice within the glass star, set against what might be described as whisky splashed on gold. Below is 'Thierry mugler' in sparkling gold. The inner box packaging is in black cardboard with the familiar double flap and inside the box is an oblong carded envelope in black with 'LE CERCLE Thierry Mugler' in blue print on the front. On the inside of the top flap is the code in white lettering on black that is to be entered on the owners account with 'The Circle' on Mugler's website when registering the purchase.
On the base of the Black rubber flacon: A*MEN is small and stamped on the left, with PURE MALT below and then 'Thierry Mugler beneath that. On the right is 'Eau de toilette the e100ml 3.4 Fl.Oz. Beneath is Thierry Mugler Parfums. 92200 Neuilly-France. 95300 Pontoise and Made in France.
On the Right hand side of the box, the description of the fragrance production techniques are printed in German and Italian above the Ingredientsd which are listed as: Alcohol, Aqua/water/eau, Parfum/Fragrance, Ethylhexyl,Methoxycinnamate,Butyl Methoxydibenzoyl-Methane,Ethylhexyl Salicylate, BHT,Linalool, Limonene, Butylphenyl Methylpropional,Benzyl Salicylate,Citronellol, Coumarin,Geraniol,Citral,C1 15985/yellow 6,C119140/Yellow 5,C1 60730/ext,Violet 2.
On the Left hand side of the box is a description of the fragrance in French, English, Spanish,and here TM are claiming that the fragrance is produced using patented techniques that see the juice aged in oak casks to reveal a fragrance imbued with elegance.. DO NOT DRINK!
Printed on top of the box in the white patch is a gold circular stamp which says: 'LES LIQUERS DE PARFUMS THIERRY MUGLER' and his insignia within the centre.
RANKINGS
Fragrantica 4.41 out of 5
Basenotes 4.2 out of 5 stars
Parfumo 8.3 out of 10
MAY 2011
PURE HAVANE (Edition Limitee – Limited Edition)
Originally released in February 2011 as a Limited edition for one year, The fragrance opens with fresh tobacco leaves and honey followed by notes of Patchouli (member of the mint family called Pogostemon Patchouli), Vanilla and bitter cocoa. The base notes include Labdanum (from the Cistus plant also known as Rock Rose), amber and styrax (Also known as Storax and Styrax benzoin, is an oil tapped from a tree after deliberately damaging the bark). Pure Havane was an instant sales hit, initially selling out at Nordstrom's in the USA where it was exclusively released in February 2011 (as well as on line at Mugler) and priced at $80. The nose behind the fragrance was Jacques Huclier.
The original in store tester bottles for the first release of Thierry Mugler's Mugler Pure Havane came in a white box with Ref 60043 and the words Demonstration/Tester Ne peut etre vendu
Not for sale . On the back of the brown tester flacons are the printed words:
ORIGINAL TABAC CORSE.
Feuilles de tabac fraiches.
Accord tabac mieile, Patchouli, Cacao Amer.
Oriental tabacco vigorous.
Fresh tobacco leaves, honeyed tobacco leaves, patchouli, bitter cocoa.
Tester
Ne peut etre vendu
Not for sale
PACKAGING FOR STANDARD RELEASE
The original advertisements promised the aroma encountered when opening a sealed box of finest Havana cigars, and the box itself came in tobacco leaf brown with a white sticker that emulated those found adorning the finest Romeo Romeo y Julieta Tacos, El Rey del Mundo Choix Supreme and Bolivar Poderoso Regional Edition Belux boxes. Amongst collectors that white sticker on original boxes is called the 'Cigar sticker or cigar label' and easily identifies the initial and now rarest boxes which contain the original formulation of Pre Havane.
In gold lettering on the box front is 'Thierry Mugler' and in black lettering 'Edition Limitee'. The base barcode reads 3439600600414.
BATCH CODES INCLUDE:
009262/10259 which shows September 2010
011285 denotes November 2010
112216/10327 denotes 23rd November 2010
11343 denotes December 2011
On the rear of the box is a colourful rendition of the brown rubber flacon within and 'Thierry mugler' in gold lettering beneath it. The inner box packaging is in black cardboard and inside the box is an oblong carded envelope in black with 'LE CERCLE Thierry Mugler' in blue print on the front. On the inside of the top flap is the code in white lettering on black that is to be entered on the owners account with 'The Circle' on Mugler's website when registering the purchase. On the top of the box cellophane is a circular gold sticker with the name and signature on it in black.
On the base of the brown rubber flacon: A*MEN is small and stamped on the left, underneath which is 'Pure Havane' and 'Thierry Mugler beneath that. On the right is 'Eau de toilette the e100ml 3.4 Fl.Oz. Beneath is Mfd CFG 92200 Neuilly, beneath that is 95300 Pontoise France and Made in France.
On the Left hand side of the box, the ingredients are listed as: Alcohol, Aqua/water/eau, Parfum/Fragrance, Linalool, Coumarin, Limonene, Butylphenyl Methylproponal, Benzyl Sslicylate,Citronellol,, Geraniol, Citral, Cinnamnal, Eegenol.
These ingredients remained the same for each of the three different box releases, with the addition of (C2265A) on subsequent 2014/2016 and 2018 boxes.
On the Right hand side of the box is a description of the fragrance in French, English, Spanish, German and Italian
The flask design is the same as all previous and subsequent editions in the A*Men and Pure series, designed by Thierry Mugler himself, and supposedly inspired by those of whiskey flasks, which are 'masculine, ergonomic and timeless by nature. Carved directly into its curves, the star symbol appears as though it could take flight at any moment'. In the case of Pure Havane, the brown colour was 'Colorado Maduro', the dark brown leaves of Colorado Maduro are found in many of the fine Honduran cigars, giving them a rich, deep flavour. In cigar manufacturing, generally speaking, The darker the colour, the greater the oil and sugar content of the wrapper
the sweeter and stronger the flavour is likely to be.
The flask as always, features a version of the faceted star, which was originally created by the Brosse Master Glassmakers (Founded in 1854 in Vieux Rouen in Normandy) for 1992's Angel release. So difficult was the design of that original star bottle, it took over two years of attempts to create perfectly.
Like all of the different versions of Pure Havana, the original bottles were produced by Clarins Fragrance Group CLARINS FRAGRANCE Group OU CFG based at 9 Rue Du Commandant Pilot, 92200 Neuilly Sur Seine, Pontoise in France. Also like all Pure series Mugler's, the original Havane came in one size, a 100ml 3.4Fl.Oz version, though for this release there were also scaled down baby boxes with the white cigar wrapper label, featuring tiny 2ml brown plastic flacons which look very cool and can fetch up to forty quid on Ebay these days.
On the box, the ingredients are listed as: Alcohol, Aqua/water/eau, Parfum/Fragrance, Linalool, Coumarin, Limonene, Butylphenyl Methylproponal, Benzyl Sslicylate,Citronellol,, Geraniol, Citral, Cinnamnal, Eegenol.
These ingredients remained the same for each of the three different box releases, with the addition of (C2265A) on subsequent 2014/2016 and 2018 boxes.
RANKINGS
Fragrantica 4.43 out of 5
Basenotes 4.1 out of 5 stars
Parfumo 8.5/10
OCTOBER 2011
LE GOUT DU PARFUM (THE TASTE OF FRAGRANCE)
Originally released in October 2011 for a planned one year period.
Angel was heading towards it's twentieth anniversary, and by means of a celebration of it's success, Parfums Thierry Mugler Ltd Edition Taste of Fragrance Collection was created with Pierre Aulas, Mugler’s olfactory artistic director in collaboration with Double Michelin-starred French chef Hélène Darroze(of the eponymous Parisian restaurant and London’s Connaught Hotel).In both the male and female editions (there are three female editions for Angel, Alien & Womanity), a taste enhancer was aged in a separate vat, then combined with the concentrate at the solution phase, when the alcohol was added. The solution was then macerated to obtain the liquid, in a process which apparently took more than six months to complete. The female version, Angel Ltd Edition Taste of Fragrance scent featured bitter cocoa powder as the taste enhancer, whilst in the men's version red-chilli pepper gives roasted coffee a boost.
PACKAGING FOR STANDARD RELEASE
In silver lettering on the box front is 'Thierry Mugler' and also in silver is Le Gout Du Parfum The taste of fragrance below the A*MEN name with a silver star'. The box is in red and black with a red chili on the front and the beautiful deep red star in part on the rear. The base barcode reads 3439600632996 and on my box pictured above, the batch code is 103343 which denotes a March 2011 production date, the very first batch for it's October 2011 release date.
On the rear of the box in silver lettering in French and English as well as both sides where the words are in German, English, Italian and French are explanations of the fragrance concept. The inner box packaging is in black cardboard with the common double lip, and inside the box is an oblong carded envelope in black with 'LE CERCLE Thierry Mugler' in blue print on the front and 'invitation..' on the rear. On the inside of the top flap is the code in Black lettering on white that is to be entered on the owners account with 'The Circle' on Mugler's website when registering the purchase. There is no circular gold stamp on the top of the cellophane packaging like most other Mugler's, but the name in French and a mouth, nose and knife and fork are beautifully stamped in circular into the white strip of the box top.
The Rubber flacon is jet black and the colour of the juice is a deep stunning red, much darker than that of B*Men. On the base of the flacon: A*MEN is small and stamped on the left, underneath which is 'Thierry Mugler'. On the right is 'Eau de toilette the e100ml 3.4 Fl.Oz. Beneath is 'Thierry Mugler Parfums'.Beneath is 92200 Neuilly-France, beneath that is Made in France. The batch code is stamped at the top of the base. The batch code is also stamped on the base of the box itself though almost impossible to decipher due to being black lettering on a black base. Interestingly the cardboard inner box has a faint aroma, not from leakage, but the strength of the ingredients. There is a pleasant but faint pepper smell, though not one from the flacon at all.
Available in only one form as a 100ml (3.4 Fl. Oz) Eau De Toilette, 'The taste of Fragrance' features top notes of bergamot, lavender, corriander & mint with heart notes of patchouli, red pepper & cedar. The base notes are coffee, styrax, tonka bean, Vanilla & musk.
Initially the fragrance was distributed in the USA through Nordstrom's and Macy's and on www.MuglerStoreUSA.com and sparked some controversy thanks to a $20 hike in retail prices over the normal $70 for Mugler new releases. Reviewers and customers alike, baulked at the high prices charged by leading department stores, and that in part meant that a section of the fragrance buying community gave this one a wide berth.
RANKINGS
Fragrantica 4.05 out of 5 with over 550 votes
Basenotes 7.6 out of 10
Parfumo Not listed or ranked
OCTOBER 2012
PURE LEATHER (PURE CUIR)
Released in October 2012, Pure Leather features top notes of Bergamot, lavender, peppermint and Coriander with Heart notes of Atlas Cedar, leather & Patchouli and Based notes of coffee, styrax, musk and Tonka Beans. The nose behind the fragrance was Jacques Huclier. This is probably the closest resemblance to original A*MEN in all of the flankers over the years, with a smoother dry down to that unmistakable original DNA and a 'leather gloves' kind of leather vibe to it. Many people find this a much easier fragrance to wear than the original without the blast of tar in the opening.
PACKAGING FOR STANDARD RELEASE
A black box with mainly silver lettering and Gold A*MEN with a silver star. The standard 'Thierry Mugler' signature is on the front and the words: 'EAU DE TOILETTE, SUBLIMEE DANS UN RESERVOIR AVEC DES MORCEAUX DE CUIR'
The base barcode reads 1 offset then 3439600603811. The batch codes on the base of the box are impossible to decipher as they are rather strangely printed in black on a black base?
BATCH CODES INCLUDE:
204201 Denoting April 2012
On the rear of the box is a colourful rendition of the black rubber flacon within and 'Thierry mugler' in silver lettering beneath it. The inner box packaging is in black cardboard and inside the box is an oblong carded envelope in black with 'LE CERCLE Thierry Mugler' in blue print on the front. On the inside of the top flap is the code in white lettering on black that is to be entered on the owners account with 'The Circle' on Mugler's website when registering the purchase. There is also a printed white circle with '20 ans' OR (20 YEARS) in Gold within it on the top of the box denoting the twentieth anniversary year since Mugler first released 'Angel'.
On the base of the black rubber flacon which is designed to have a form of leather texture to it: A*MEN is small and stamped on the left, with 'Thierry Mugler beneath that, and there is no mention of the fragrance name here. On the right is 'Eau de toilette the e100ml 3.4 Fl.Oz. Beneath is Mfd for CFG 92200 Neuilly, beneath that is 95300 Pontoise - France and Made in France.
On the right hand side of the box, the ingredients are listed as: Alcohol, Aqua/water/eau, Parfum/Fragrance, Linalool, Limonene, Butylphenyl Methylproponal, Hexyl Cinnamal,Citronellol,Coumarin, Benzyl Salicylate, Geraniol, Citral, (C2434A)
On the Left hand side of the box is a description of the fragrance in French, English, Spanish, German and Italian
RANKINGS
Fragrantica 3.68 out of five
Basenotes 7.6 out of 10
Parfumo 7.2 out of 10
2012
PURE SHOT (EDITION LIMITEE-LIMITED EDITION)
Released in 2012, Pure Energy was heralded by two differing length big screen advertisements and glossy magazine coverage featuring the face of Mugler, Oscar Pistorius (more about him later). Featuring top notes of Freezing mint and Juniper, with Heart notes of White pepper and Base notes of Sequoia wood and Patchouli. The nose behind the fragrance was Jacques Huclier.
The original in store tester bottles for the first release of Thierry Mugler's Mugler Pure Shot came in a white box and the words Demonstration/Tester Ne peut etre vendu
Not for sale . On the back of the white tester flacons are the printed words:
BOIS FRAIS EPICE
Menthe Glacee Baie de Genievre. Poivre Blanc,Bois de Sequoia,Patchouli.
A*MEN
PURE SHOT
WOODY FRESH SPICY
Freezing mint,Juniper berries, White pepper,Sequoia wood, Patchouli
Tester
Ne peut etre vendu
Not for sale
The Batch code printed in the base of the bottle shows 110207 Denoting 10th October 2011production for 2012 release.
PACKAGING FOR STANDARD RELEASE
A white box with an Electric blue downwards oblong patch with White A*MEN and a silver star above 'PURE SHOT'. The standard 'Thierry Mugler' signature is on the front in black and the words: 'EAU DE TOILETTE, EDITION LIMITEE-LIMITED EDITION'
The base barcode is printed in black on the white base of the box and reads 3 offset then 439600603712. The batch codes are indented into the box rather than printed and therefore very difficult to read. They are located at the top of the base to the right, above the black printed words:
'Ce produit ne peut etre vendu que par les distributeurs agrees Thierry Mugler. Mfd. For CFG 92200 Neuilly. 953300 Pontoise-France. Ref 60371-Made in France. Www.mugler.com.
BATCH CODES INCLUDE:
110207/11383 Denoting 10th October 2011
On the rear of the box is a colourful rendition of the White rubber flacon with an electric blue colour to the juice within the glass star and 'Thierry mugler' in black lettering beneath it. The flacon is appearing to contact water and make a splash on the photograph. The inner box packaging is in blue cardboard with the familiar double flap and inside the box is an oblong carded envelope in black with 'LE CERCLE Thierry Mugler' in blue print on the front. On the inside of the top flap is the code in black lettering on white that is to be entered on the owners account with 'The Circle' on Mugler's website when registering the purchase.
On the base of the white slightly glossy rubber flacon: A*MEN is small and stamped on the left, with 'Thierry Mugler beneath that, and there is no mention of the fragrance name here. On the right is 'Eau de toilette the e100ml 3.4 Fl.Oz. Beneath is Mfd for CFG 92200 Neuilly, beneath that is 95300 Pontoise - France and Made in France.
On the Left hand side of the box, the ingredients are listed as: Alcohol, Aqua/water/eau, Parfum/Fragrance, Limonene,Linalool, Butylphenyl Methylproponal, Butyl Methoxy-Dibenzoylmethane, Citral,Geraniol,Coumarin, (C2400A).
On the Right hand side of the box is a description of the fragrance in French, English, Spanish, German and Italian.
RANKINGS
Fragrantica 3.62 out of 5
Basenotes 3.1 out of 5 stars
Parfumo 7.3 Out of 10
2013
PURE ENERGY (EDITION LIMITEE-LIMITED EDITION)
Released in 2013, Pure Energy is exactly the same, an identical fragrance to the earlier 2012 release of 'Pure Shot', featuring top notes of Freezing mint and Juniper, with Heart notes of White pepper and Base notes of Sequoia wood and Patchouli. The nose behind the fragrance was Jacques Huclier. The reason why 'Pure Energy' was released to replace 'Pure Shot' comes down to the advertising campaign for 'pure Shot which featured Oscar Leonard Carl Pistorius, a South African Double amputee athlete from 2004 to 2013 known as 'Blade runner' after his endeavours at the Paralympic and Olympic games, even competing against non-disabled professional competition.
On 14th February 2013, Pistorius shot and killed his girlfriend, Reeva Steenkamp at his home in Pretoria. A year later after a high profile court case, he was cleared of murder but found guilty of Culpable homicide and handed down a five year prison sentence and a concurrent three year suspended sentence for a reckless endangerment charge. In 2015 his case was heard by the Supreme Court of Appeal which overturned the verdict of Culpable homicide and convicted him of murder, extending his sentence to six years which was later extended to a term of Thirteen years after the State appealed at a lenient sentence.
At the height of his fame as an athlete, Pistorius had won six Gold medals at the Paralympic games, as well as a silver and bronze, a Gold at the IPC World Championships and three other silver medals.
In March 2011, one month after signing a contract with the Clarins Group and Mugler, Pistorius featured in an advertising campaign for Thierry Mugler's A*MEN, directed by Ali Mahdavi. In the advert he is wearing his customary artificial carbon fibre limbs but coated in a futuristic chrome cladding which was designed by Thierry Mugler & Stefano Canulli. Two versions of the advert were aired if fifteen and thirty second guise along with various magazine spreads.
In 2012 Mugler had launched 'Pure shot', which understandably, following Pistorius' arrest and trial over the shooting of his girlfriend, became something of a coincidental faux pas in terms of marketing and association, and the decision was made to drop him from all future campaigns. Mugler stated that the decision to drop Pistorius was ' Out of respect and compassion for the families implicated in this tragedy'. Nike also dropped the convicted ex-athlete.
Left in something of a pickle, production of 'Pure shot' was terminated and the design team quickly utilised the same white flacon and blue and white boxes used for 'Pure shot', now repackaged as 'Pure energy' which was released in 2013. To say that the renaming and repackaging has caused confusion to this day would be an understatement, with internet fragrance sites alive with stories and rumours, reasons for changes and a belief that the two perfumes were and are different in aromatic terms. Even on Fragrantica the overall scores differ for what is essentially the same perfume repackaged.
PACKAGING FOR STANDARD RELEASE
There are two different boxes manufactured for this release which differ slightly in barcode numbers and how they are printed and side stickers. An white box with an electric blue front cover and a white downwards oblong patch with Blue A*MEN and a silver star. The standard 'Thierry Mugler' signature is on the front in black and the words: 'EAU DE TOILETTE, EDITION LIMITEE-LIMITED EDITION'
The base barcode is printed in black on a small white sticker on the white base of the box and reads 3 offset then 439601069432. There are no batch codes on the base of the box and the rest of the printed says:
'Ce produit ne peut etre vendu que par les distributeurs agrees Thierry Mugler. Mfd. For CFG 92200 Neuilly. 953300 Pontoise-France. Ref 69435-Made in France. Www.mugler.com.
BATCH CODES INCLUDE:
111262 Denoting November 2011 with stickered box and no batch codes printed.
209175/12249 Denoting 5th September 2012
On the rear of the box is a colourful rendition of the White rubber flacon with an electric blue colour to the juice within the glass star and 'Thierry mugler' in black lettering beneath it. The flacon is appearing to contact water and make a splash on the photograph. The inner box packaging is in blue cardboard with the familiar double flap and inside the box is an oblong carded envelope in black with 'LE CERCLE Thierry Mugler' in blue print on the front. On the inside of the top flap is the code in black lettering on white that is to be entered on the owners account with 'The Circle' on Mugler's website when registering the purchase.
On the base of the white slightly glossy rubber flacon: A*MEN is small and stamped on the left, with 'Thierry Mugler beneath that, and there is no mention of the fragrance name here. On the right is 'Eau de toilette the e100ml 3.4 Fl.Oz. Beneath is Mfd for CFG 92200 Neuilly, beneath that is 95300 Pontoise - France and Made in France.
On the Left hand side of the box, the ingredients are listed as: Alcohol, Aqua/water/eau, Parfum/Fragrance, Linalool, Limonene, Butylphenyl Methylproponal, Butyl Methoxy-Dibenzoylmethane, Citral,Geraniol,Coumarin, (C2400A).
On the Left hand side of the box is a description of the fragrance in French, English, Spanish, German and Italian.
The second version of the box was printed later in September 2012 and features a correctly printed and different Barcode on the bas in Black lettering on white: 3439600944365 and a different reference number printed: 69431. The traditional barcodes are also printed on the right of the base, as an example on one of my boxes as: 209175 with 12249 below. There is also a white sticker with black lettering on the left hand side of the box above the ingredients list which shows: L10694350
RANKINGS
Fragrantica 3.92 out of 5
Basenotes 3.1 out of 5 stars
Parfumo 7.3 Out of 10
2009
PURE MALT CREATION (EDITION LIMITEE-LIMITED EDITION - SUBLIMEE EN FUT DE CHENE)
Released in 2013 as a limited edition, Pure malt Creation caused a stir in the fragrance community with Muglere fans and critics arguing over the differences (if any) of the newest offering and the original Pure malt release of 2009. Customer services at Thierry Mugler Parfums UK, part of the Clarins group, clarified the matter in some detail:
'' I can confirm that these fragrances are different to each other. The original A*Men Pure Malt is a combination of the Pure Malt Whisky note and the original A*Men Eau de Toilette fragrance. The woody notes of cedar wood and patchouli and the powerful notes of coffee already present in the original A*Men Eau de Toilette intensify the combination. The fragrance is then further distilled using modern technology.
The new limited edition range ‘Liqueur de Parfum’ is subtly different. The A*Men Pure Malt 2013 is a fusion of A*Men and the world of fine spirits, made possible by a patented method inspired by traditional techniques used to produce the finest Whiskies. The fragrance is aged in toasted American oak casks to reveal a smoky fragrance that is subtly peaty.
Due to its limited nature we unfortunately do not carry any samples of these fragrances however there are a select few stores who are selling the original A*Men Pure Malt such as Harrods London, Selfridges London, Birmingham, Manchester Trafford, Frasers Glasgow and House of Fraser Birmingham.
Customer Services
Thierry Mugler Parfums UK
Clarins Fragrance Group ''
PACKAGING FOR STANDARD RELEASE
A very beautiful and eye catching bright shiny silver box with a smaller raised and almost chromed downwards oblong on the front. This has a black border around it and a printed Black A*MEN and a black star. The standard 'Thierry Mugler' signature is on the front in sparkling black and silver and the words: 'EAU DE TOILETTE, SUBLIMEE EN FUT DE CHENE-EDITION LIMITEE-LIMITED EDITION' also in flatter black.
The base barcode is printed in black on white on the silver base of the box and reads 3 offset then 439600704211. The two batch codes are on the left of the base in black print. Printed in black on the base is:
'Ce produit ne peut etre vendu que par les distributeurs agrees Thierry Mugler. Mfd. For CFG 92200 Neuilly. 953300 Pontoise-France. Ref 070421-Made in France.
BATCH CODES INCLUDE:
303309/13084 Denoting an original 25th March 2013 release date
On the rear of the box is a colourful rendition of the Black flacon with a painted golden star that is translucent enough to just make out the juice within.The inner box packaging is in black cardboard with the familiar double flap and inside the box is an oblong carded envelope in black with 'LE CERCLE Thierry Mugler' in blue print on the front. On the inside of the top flap is the code in white lettering on black that is to be entered on the owners account with 'The Circle' on Mugler's website when registering the purchase.
On the base of the Black rubber flacon: A*MEN is small and stamped on the left, with 'Thierry Mugler beneath that. On the right is 'Eau de toilette then e100ml 3.4 Fl.Oz. Beneath is 'Mfd for CFG 92200 Neuilly. Then '95300 Pontoise and Made in France'.
On the Right hand side of the box, the description of the fragrance production techniques are printed in French, English and Spanish. On the right of the box they are also printed in German and Italian above the Ingredientsd which are listed as:
Alcohol, Parfum/Fragrance, Aqua/water/eau, Ethylhexyl,Methoxycinnamate,Butyl Methoxydibenzoyl-Methane,Ethylhexyl Salicylate, BHT,Linalool, Limonene, Butylphenyl Methylpropional,Benzyl Salicylate,Citronellol, Coumarin,Geraniol,Citral,C1 15985/yellow 6,C119140/Yellow 5,C1 60730/ext,Violet 2 (C1826A)
RANKINGS
Fragrantica 4.58 out of 5
Basenotes 4.2 out of 5 stars
Parfumo 8.3 out of 10
JUNE 2014
PURE WOOD (SUBLIMEE DE NOTES BOISEES-SUBLIMENTED BY WOODY NOTES)
Released in June 2014, Pure Wood is in my opinion one of the finest offerings and criminally overlooked in the 'Pure' series, described as a woody oriental with notes Coffee, Patchouli, Oak, Vanilla and Cypress. The nose behind this fragrance was once again Jacques Huclier.
PACKAGING FOR STANDARD RELEASE
A light brown box with a wooden texture imprinted, something like brown wrapping paper from the old days when it was tied with a string, and the familiar white downwards oblong patch with Black A*MEN and a gold star. The standard 'Thierry Mugler' signature is on the front in sparkling gold and the words: 'EAU DE TOILETTE, UBLIMEE DE NOTES BOISEES-SUBLIMENTED BY WOODY NOTES' also in sparkling gold.
The base barcode is printed in black on white on the light brown base of the box and reads 3 offset then 439600704518. The two batch codes are on the left of the base in black. Printed in sparkling gold on the base is:
'Ce produit ne peut etre vendu que par les distributeurs agrees Thierry Mugler. Mfd. For CFG 92200 Neuilly. 953300 Pontoise-France. Ref 70451-Made in France. Www.mugler.com.
BATCH CODES INCLUDE:
401695/14029 Denoting 29th January 2014
0505911 Denoting May 2015
A typical barcode for the in store white boxed tester bottle is 3 offset then 439600704532
On the rear of the box is a colourful rendition of the wood grain textured brown flacon with a gorgeous amber/honey gold colour to the juice within the glass star, set against a cross section of freshly cut wood. Below is 'Thierry mugler' in sparkling gold. The inner box packaging is in black cardboard with the familiar double flap and inside the box is an oblong carded envelope in black with 'THE MUGLER CIRCLE' in blue print on the front, and 'Invitation....' on the rear and a reference number 1C600020.On the inside of the top flap is the code in white lettering on black that is to be entered on the owners account with 'The Circle' on Mugler's website when registering the purchase.
On the base of the light brown wood style textured flacon: A*MEN is small and stamped on the left, with PURE WOOD below and then 'Thierry Mugler beneath that. On the right is 'Eau de toilette the e100ml 3.4 Fl.Oz. Beneath is Mfd for CFG 75017 Paris, 95300 Pontoise - France and Made in France.
On the Left hand side of the box, the ingredients are listed as: Alcohol, Aqua/water/eau, Parfum/Fragrance, Ethylhexyl,Methoxycinnamate,Linalool, Limonene, Butyl Methoxydibenzoyl-Methane,Ethylhexyl Salicylate,Butylphenyl Methylpropional, Citronellol,Hexyl Cinnamal,Geraniol,Coumarin,Benzyl Salicylate,Benzyl Benzoate,Farnesol,Cinnamyl Alcohol,Benzyl Cinnamate,Citral,Benzyl Alcohol,BHT,(C2694A).
On the Right hand side of the box is a description of the fragrance in French, English, Spanish, German and Italian.
On top of the box securing the cellophane is a gold Thierry Mugler stamp in black .
RANKINGS
Fragrantica 3.92 out of 5
Basenotes 3.1 out of 5 stars
Parfumo 7.5 out of 10
****UPDATE ON MOVING AWAY FROM MUGLER****
My journey with Mugler ended somewhere in 2020 when I sold off my entire collection to a very happy collector, as I had grown disillusioned with the way that Mugler no longer cared about it's male customers.
The Alien Man range was in my opinion weak and feeble, and the constant watering down and reformulation of the superb Pure Malt and Pure Havane fragrances left me angry and not wishing to waste any more of my money on such rubbish. With the death of the Pure range came a drive upwards in prices on original bottles, and by February 2023 you could see Pure Havane and Pure Malt/Pure Tonka boxed editions selling for anything up to £200 a pop on the Bay of Fleas!
Time to walk away from a once loved range.
I moved onto other ranges, and found a beautiful and almost identical fragrance to my beloved Mugler Pure Havane, in the shape of Reyane Tradition INSURRECTION II WILD which was released in France in 2013. Initially commanding a mere $20 in the USA, by the time I found it it was between £40 and £75 in the UK. It is utterly gorgeous and takes me back to Pure Havane every time I use it with a honey, heavy cherry and cuban cigar vibe that is addictive.
I also moved towards the house of Maison Margiela where the Replica range which has run since 2012, has fabulous fragrances such as BY THE FIREPLACE (smoky/boozy like Havane) and JAZZ CLUB (as good as Pure Malt), plus UNDER THE LEMON TREES (Better than Pure Zest), WHISPERS IN THE LIBRARY (like Pure Leather)... also limited runs and costing £110 retail, but also offering me those gorgeous aromas I so loved with Mugler (duty free prices come down to £80 and similar on discount fragrance sites)
Written by Paul Williams on 11th April 2019 (all photographs in this series feature my own collection of fragrances. Updated on March 16th 2023
My previous series: A devil's take on 'Angel Men' & the 'Pure series' of Manfred Thierry Mugler by Paul Williams..... Can be found here:
Part One
www.flickr.com/photos/despitestraightlines/40470459323/in...
Part two:
www.flickr.com/photos/despitestraightlines/47397173002/in...
Part Three:
www.flickr.com/photos/despitestraightlines/46769907944/in...
Part Four:
www.flickr.com/photos/despitestraightlines/46648844385/in...
Thank you very much if you have made it to this point!
The Eagle Creek Fire has been raging for over a week. It's destroyed a significant amount of one of my most favorite places on earth and has dumped ash and soot on us, fouling up our air making it hurt to breathe.
It was started by a 15 year old with fireworks. The kid was with friends - who are just as culpable - as they hiked to Punchbowl Falls, throwing smoke bombs into the forest - despite the million warnings about the severe fire conditions. There were even signs at the trailhead of the trail that this kid hiked, specifically banning fireworks. And yet they still went forth with their plan to have a good time.
And now we're here.
I've tried to practice empathy, saying things like, "we were all young" and "we've all made mistakes" but this is a mistake on a scale unknown to most, and with so, so many warnings. I don't want the kid burned at the stake (I don't want anymore smoke), but he and his friends all need to pay a hefty price.
They have fucked the rest of their lives' up.
encuentro nacional de mujeres 2015 Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires - Argentina.
manifestante mostrando a responsable del fallecimiento de una chica por feminicidio
Freeing God’s Slaves: The Emperor Wears No Clothes ~
“Is anything god’s work? God doesn’t do any work – he just gets his peasants to do it for him.”
- Wonder Boy, Aged 8
Humans (domesticated primates) have long been trained to worship externalised gods – a dangerous addiction humankind has carried forth from its primat-ive childhood; a merely imagined need that usually serves to only impede progressive change and unfolding evolution. Protective and instructive deities are nothing more nor less than the parent figures all children crave. All wise kids eventually learn that obeying the often arbitrary dictates of others who are actually just overblown, overgrown, adulterated children is a dumb idea.
Respect must be earned. Most elders in modern societies have far less of value to impart to subsequent generations than did their more ‘primitive’ tribal counterparts. Many older people are the same simpletons and ignoramuses they were when they were young. Those who claim to be today’s authority figures are almost all control freaks at best, and clinical psychopaths at worst. Almost all conspire to fatten themselves on poisonous excesses at the expense of the ecosystem that truly nourishes their children; mindlessly slaving away at tasks which destroy the planet and alienate them from their loved ones, with the idiot excuse that they’re ‘supporting their families’.
In the modern world ‘bosses’ are actually parasites, sucking life from the host of workers who labour under their dictates. CEOs are nothing more than common enemy overlords. The further up the ‘ladder of success’ one progresses, the more excesses and crimes of omission are committed. And everyone who toils on that ladder is equally culpable, supporting and maintaining a loathsome system with their precious time and effort.
Many ‘bosses’ earn fantastically higher wages than those who toil at much harder jobs – as intrinsically unfair, untrue and unjust as any racist dictate of classic caste or class systems. Those who crave power are those who deserve it the least. Anyone who sucks and arse-kisses their way up the totem pole is best pitied and avoided – not praised. Independent contractors and others who are their own bosses are the freest workers in the modern feudal wage slave era.
Those who remain inside institutions beyond their maturity are insecure timeservers who are happiest locked inside a comfortably familiar prison. Anyone with a PhD is automatically suspect as an institutionalised ignoramus. Most are overeducated buffoons who never realised that throwing away all the best years of their lives to conform and confirm the lies and misapprehensions of other fossilised brainwashed academics is a stupid idea. Most are just insecure kiddies afraid of stepping out into the great wide world – afraid of nature and their own unexamined nature; afraid of their own shadow.
Most people are carefully convinced by society to show more respect – and give more money – to a domesticated primate with the word ‘doctor’ (or some other aggrandising title) in front of their name than to anyone else. We’re trained to think that the work done by someone who has spent many years ‘studying’ is somehow more worthwhile – and worth more – than work that’s considered more ‘common’, such as planting and nurturing trees, growing organic food, building homes or educating young children. We’re entrained to believe that one person’s time can be worth more than another’s.
A cogent way to remove this classic conditioning can be to avoid calling anyone ‘sir’, ‘doctor’ or (heaven forfend) reverend. Such aggrandising titles are far too damaging for any egocentric wannabe leader to hear and only serve to establish subservience. If you always refer to so-called doctors as ‘docturds’, and discourage anyone from trusting the words of such moneygrubbing, authoritarian, self-inflating egotists, you can train yourself to stop supporting an intrinsically unethical system. Avoid using made-up titles entirely; why not simply call a person by their name?
Almost all docturds are only in it for the money – shamelessly rorting medical insurance systems to squeeze every drop from society. The rest is hopeful confabulation on the part of their desperate victims. In most cases, people actually heal themselves (there are exceptions – see below).
They target the most helpless and vulnerable groups of humankind above others, foisting their theoretical practices on women and children in particular. Female humans are thoroughly entrained to entrust their bodies (and minds) to paternalistic authority figures. From a very young age they’re taught to visit docturds regularly, and to trust them with every intimate detail of their lives. Women (in particular) are trained to have ‘regular tests’ for ‘abnormalities’ – tests which actually cause the very ‘abnormalities’ they purportedly search for – and to enrich the coffers of white coated professionals with ‘preventative’ and ‘elective’ surgery and toxic chemical intervention. Pap smears, mammography and the treatment of ‘abnormal’ cells produce more false positives (fake results) than accurate ones and the docturds and their pathological host of pathologists apologise all the way to the bank after each mistimed misstep and misanthropic mistake.
‘You know them by their fruits’ – and most of the fruits of ‘medical professionals’ are rotten and poisonous. More people die from medical (t)errors than from any other cause. Pill-pushing salesmen for chemical industries deserve the OPPOSITE to respect, as do ‘scientists’ who lend their time to the industrious military establishment, or to corporations of ignorant savages who randomly interfere with healthy biological processes to make money from poisoning the food chain and planetary ecosystem with pesticides or genetically modified ‘products’.
Surely we all know better than to show any respect to banksters by now. The most lame offenders of all are probably so-called ‘economists’ who peddle a pseudoscience that every taxpayer is brainwashed into believing, even though their ‘forecasts’ are even less accurate than those of the average 20th Century weatherman. So-called news reports overflow with their senseless, tedious effluvia, drowning out any meaningful news or information beneath their hazy bullshit and babble.
The biggest (and potentially most dangerous) liars of all are ‘religious’ people – conmen and women who peddle superstitious pernicious sexism, racism and utter bald faced balderdash to the most ignorant and insecure people on the planet, offering filthy lies to those suffering from the greatest terror on Earth – the fear of death; just like docturds.
Those who profit from other people’s misery deserve no respect whatsoever.
photo Motive is everything
This writer now observes the world from a remote forest, but once lived directly opposite the medical school of a major metropolitan university, with the opportunity to meet many up and coming young docturds. Whenever the chance arrived to converse with a medical student in private I asked each of them the same innocuous question; ‘Why did you decide to become a medical professional?’
Over the course of several years literally scores of these young professionals had the same opportunity to present their case. Not a single one replied; ‘Because I wanted to help the sick’ or ‘to be a healer.’ Not one claimed to have a particular interest in anatomy or biology. None even bothered to feign any real interest in medicine. Without exception their replies were almost identical; “Well, I was going to be a lawyer but my mother/father thought there’d be more money in medicine.’
When I asked if they’d taken the Hippocratic Oath (which simply requires medical practitioners to ‘do no harm’ and to help the sick and suffering regardless of payment), they all simply stared at me with an expression that seemed to say, ‘Are you really that naïve?” I never allow a docturd to come anywhere near me. I’ve set my own bones, healed internal bleeding and cancerous conditions without subjecting myself to their ignorant meddling (and am still alive and healthy as a result).
Surgeons who capably repair damaged individuals and those who genuinely care for and look after the sick and injured – like nurses – naturally deserve respect. But most docturds are self aggrandising arseholes at best, and outright dangerous nincompoops at worst. Few include things like diet and lifestyle in their diagnoses and routinely prescribe inappropriate but profitable poisons to desperate people.
Those who profit from people’s misery are nothing short of despicable.
Like many or most purveyors of ‘professionalism’ a large number cheated their way through school. They don’t deserve your trust or respect. Don’t take my word for it. Just ask virtually any nurse you happen to meet; they know what’s going on!
Those who can, do
‘Those who can, do. Those who can’t, teach.’ This old truism needs to be revived and spread far and wide. Very few ‘teachers’ are anything but institutionalized time servers who’ve been trained to brainwash others with gormless mind control served up as ‘education’. They have no life experience and know nothing but what they’ve been told to believe. All their textbooks were hopelessly outdated even when they were newly published.
The great technological and social advances of humankind have all been brought about by people without doctorates – in many cases without any formal ‘education’ at all. Tesla, Einstein, Edison and most celebrated creative thinkers achieved the improbable despite the ‘education’ institutions they were subjected to (and escaped while still young), not because of them.
Creative thinking suffers from regimentation. Authority poisons it. Once a child can read, write and understand basic mathematics they are capable of choosing their own path to knowledge and remain individual enough to have unique creative insights. As all teaching institutions are automatically outdated and operated by superannuated time servers, all a person can really expect to learn in ‘higher education’ institutions is conformity – and how to babble to other cocooned minds in obscurantist jargonese.
Don’t put off living your life until later! There’s no time BUT the present. What do you really want to do with your precious time? Do you really want to serve the obnoxious dweebs who are destroying the planet with their ‘efficient’ industries and ‘profitable’ pastimes? Start something new, fresh and original instead – away from their pernicious influence, where you can’t feed them with your efforts.
Around two generations ago people in advanced nations were informed that by the 21st Century they’d have to learn how to make use of their coming abundance of ‘leisure time’. Automation would ensure that fewer and fewer people would be able to ‘earn a living’ by toiling their lives away and an era of plenty and freedom was dawning. The need for anyone to work full time would soon be redundant. People were told they’d have to learn how to share the shrinking pool of jobs that remain – and to learn to share everything else as a result.
Everyone needed to learn how to best use their newfound freedoms. Guess what? It’s the 21st Century! Wake up and smell the flowers.
Me? This time of year I shovel clean dry horseshit by day to provide healthy, honest, wholesome food for myself and those around me. You can’t buy clean manure – almost all animals are filled with poisons and only the ones you feed and look after can be trusted to provide clean fertiliser. By night I shovel bullshit out of the way on the worldwideweb to make way for the growth of truth. The evolution of the internet is doing away with any need for the fossilized ivory towers of ‘education’ institutions.
Every time someone uses anything fuelled by poisonous fossil fuels – every time you turn on a light, drive in vehicle, borrow money, use anything made of plastic or almost anything created by this toxic civilisation – you are as culpable and destructive as any oil company executive or bankster. Every person who works in an office tower, factory or mine is as bad as the executive who squats atop the totem pole. Every worker who props up the totem deserves to go down in the tower along with their boss. Those who serve pain and death deserve it.
Changing the system is a good idea, in the long run. Yet in today’s world you can only do anything of real worth for yourself and your family by leaving the old workaday system behind and helping it to wither on the vine with your absence. The only real way to succeed is by abandoning the dominant paradigm and creating, living and loving a new way of life – preferably with likeminded change agents.
Turn off your TV and get rid of it (if you refuse to read much watch my Youtube channel instead)! The internet is a great alternative – if you use it for something other than supporting the system with your time and energy.
If you like to learn, become one of the New Illuminati in this new Enlightenment @ nexusilluminati.blogspot.com . Learn how to plant and nurture living things; learn about something worthwhile, such as Permaculture. Ally yourself with life through your thoughts and actions, and object out loud to slaves and bosses who want you to help them saw off the limb you’re perched on. Let them know what you really think of them!
If you want to actually save the world, join any group that’s actively stopping loggers or miners or chemical factories/farmers/poisoners or other corporate slaves from destroying the planet, and get out into the real living world, to experience its actual glorious splendour while you stop the moronic workers from filthying their own nests and yours. Stand in front of a bulldozer driver with other wise souls – and stop them in their tracks.
Above all, take time out to examine your mind and motives. Your thoughts create the world! See where your thoughts/programs/memes actually come from and decide whether you want to own them. Enjoy life (without shopping or spending money). That’s why you’re here. Don’t put it off. Do it now!
Turn on. Tune in. OPT OUT!
Time appears to flow onward…
- R. Ayana
“Before enlightenment, chop wood and carry water. After enlightenment, chop wood and carry water.”
- Buddhist Saying
For more by R. Ayana see nexusilluminati.blogspot.com/search/label/r.%20ayana
Sketches from the courtroom of the first trial of the Baltimore police officers accused of being culpable in the death of Freddie Gray. www.washingtonpost.com/news/drawing-dc-together/
TITLE: Friday
AUTHOR: Robert A. Heinlein 1907-88
TYPE: paperback novel
PUBLISHER: Ballantine 30988 – Del Rey Book
COPYRIGHT: 1982 by author
ISBN: 0-345-30988-X
EDITION: 2nd printing
PUB DATE: August 1983
PAGES: 357
COVER PRICE: $3.95
COVER ARTIST: Michael Whelan
ISFDB: Yes
RATING: 7
BIBLIO TO INDEX NAME: Friday-002-RAH
Comments: This book was first published when RAH was 75. It received critical acclaim and was a Nebula and Hugo award nominee in 1982.
Culpability: All images are from publications owned by CW. Image scanning, editing and compiling of bibliographic data was performed by CW. No entry indicates information was not available from book.
ISFDB: Internet Speculative Fiction Data Base.
RATING: On a scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being great and 1 don’t read.
Sketches from the courtroom of the first trial of the Baltimore police officers accused of being culpable in the death of Freddie Gray. www.washingtonpost.com/news/drawing-dc-together/
Galego | Català | עברית (hebreo) | 日本語 (Japonés) | Italiano
Spanish | English | Français:
Quien mejor que Gandhi para presentar hoy, con sus propias palabras, el Manifiesto que aquí publico. Las frases que a continuación leeréis, todas ellas de Gandhi, resumen perfectamente, en mi opinión, el contenido y el espíritu de este “Manifiesto por la Solidaridad”.
“En la Tierra hay suficiente para satisfacer las necesidades de todos, pero no tanto como para satisfacer la avaricia de algunos”.
“Mañana tal vez tengamos que sentarnos frente a nuestros hijos y decirles que fuimos derrotados. Pero no podremos mirarlos a los ojos y decirles que viven así porque no nos animamos a pelear”.
"Dicen que soy héroe, yo débil, tímido, casi insignificante, si siendo como soy hice lo que hice, imagínense lo que pueden hacer todos ustedes juntos”.
Unamos, pues, todos nuestras voces. Con ese espíritu común, y justamente cuando se van a cumplir 61 años del fallecimiento de Gandhi, el autor de este blog, Cornelivs, publica el Manifiesto por la Solidaridad. Invito, pues, a todos los que compartan este mensaje solidario y así lo deseen (amigos, conocidos, lectores y demás interesados) a que lo publiquen también en sus blogs y que lo difundan a todos los medios de comunicación posibles. Me gustaría que cada blogger, cuando coloque en su blog este Manifiesto, recuerde lo que pensaba Gandhi: "Casi todo lo que realice será insignificante, pero es muy importante que lo haga" y también que “Lo más atroz de las cosas malas de la gente mala es el silencio de la gente buena”.
A continuación, publico el texto del Manifiesto por la Solidaridad, y lo hago en español, francés, inglés, y con enlaces a las traducciones en otras lenguas: gallego, catalán, hebreo, japonés e italiano.
MANIFIESTO POR LA SOLIDARIDAD
QUIENES SOMOS:
Los que suscribimos este manifiesto somos ciudadanos en el pleno uso de nuestros derechos civiles, y titulares de la soberanía popular, de la cual emanan los poderes del Estado.
Los firmantes nos dirigimos a todos los ciudadanos del mundo, conocedores de la situación de pobreza, hambre y enfermedad en la que se encuentra gran parte de la población humana en un momento histórico, como el actual, en el que se disponen de los suficientes medios políticos, económicos y científicos que pudieran solucionar estos problemas.
Este manifiesto tiene vocación de universalidad, y va dirigido a toda la humanidad, a cada ser humano que habita el planeta, para que tome conciencia de la terrible situación a la que se enfrentan millones de personas y de alguna manera actúe en consecuencia para terminar con esta insostenible situación. Por ello la versión original en español será traducida a diversas lenguas, pues nuestro propósito consiste en hacer oír la voz de la opinión pública en los lugares en las que se toman las decisiones políticas y económicas del mundo.
A QUIÉN NOS DIRIGIMOS:
Nos dirigimos a la clase política gobernante de nuestros países; así como a los más altos mandatarios de las Organizaciones Internacionales, tales como la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, y a los Presidentes y Gobiernos de los países más poderosos económicamente de la Tierra.
LES MANIFESTAMOS:
1.- Que este texto tiene su origen en la constatación de la extrema situación de necesidad y de hambre que sufre una gran parte de la población de la Tierra y en el desigual e injusto reparto de bienes que existe actualmente en el mundo. Entendemos que la ecuanimidad y la armonía en el mundo tienen por base el reconocimiento de la dignidad intrínseca y de los derechos iguales e inalienables de todos los miembros de la familia humana, por lo cual es inadmisible que una gran parte de la población mundial tenga que enfrentarse a una realidad tan precaria, a tal grado de injusticia y desigualdad, a tanta hambre, pobreza y desnutrición.
2.- Que consideramos que dicha situación es intrínsecamente perversa y no admisible ni moral ni éticamente, dado que todos los seres humanos nacen libres e iguales. Igualmente, tenemos presente que todos los ciudadanos del mundo tienen esos derechos desde el mismo instante de su nacimiento y no como una promesa futura cuya conquista dependa de la realidad política, social o económica de sus países.
3.- Que defendemos que es completamente injusto, inmoral y un crimen humanitario punible ante los tribunales internacionales y la Historia que, en pleno Siglo XXI, existan seres humanos que pasen hambre en el mundo, y que mueran por ello. Que es un agravante de ese crimen que, existiendo las leyes internacionales suficientes, así como los medios técnicos, económicos y científicos para corregir dicha situación, los que ejercen el poder en el mundo no lleven a cabo las acciones necesarias para solucionar lo que generaciones futuras calificarán de verdadero genocidio en el que serán culpables todos aquellos que, teniendo los medios para solucionar el problema, no los hayan empleado.
4.- Que consideramos que esta injusta situación es contraria al Derecho Natural, a los Derechos Humanos y a las normas de la más elemental ética, y entendemos que ha llegado el momento de que la voz de la opinión pública exija de sus gobernantes el final de tal estado de cosas.
5.- Que el presente manifiesto no es un manifiesto utópico; y que tampoco es un manifiesto político, ni se pretende con el mismo la instauración de un nuevo orden político o socio-económico mundial, ni ningún menoscabo del tejido empresarial, sanitario y social del mundo desarrollado, sino la más elemental justicia con los desfavorecidos.
POR TODO ELLO, EXIGIMOS A NUESTROS GOBERNANTES:
1.- La adopción de medidas inmediatas y urgentes para paliar tal situación de hambre, enfermedad y desnutrición en el tercer mundo. Consideramos que tales medidas no constituyen una utopía, sino que son perfectamente viables y posibles.
2.- Mantener el compromiso de cumplir los Objetivos del Milenio que, establecidos por Naciones Unidas en el año 2000, definen los principios a los que ha de ajustarse la actuación de los países y del sistema económico internacional para superar, con el horizonte fijado en 2015, las injusticias que aquejan a la humanidad.
3.- La realización de acciones solidarias sistemáticas con los países más desfavorecidos y que se establezca un orden lógico y humano de prioridades en la política económica, con proyectos inteligentes que creen riqueza y puestos de trabajo en los países afectados, facilitando un desarrollo sostenible y un progreso que les ayude a la consolidación de una red sanitaria, económica y social estable que haga posible el retorno a una situación de partida igualitaria.
4.- Que se tomen las medidas necesarias para que los países ricos destinen una parte de sus presupuestos a la creación de riqueza, de empresas y de fuentes de trabajo en los países afectados; así como la adopción de un acuerdo internacional, que debería subscribirse en la ONU de obligado cumplimiento para los países desarrollados.
5.- La implantación de un código ético que regule la estrategia de las empresas multinacionales, así como la eliminación de los paraísos fiscales y la aplicación de la tasa Tobin, ú otra similar, a las transacciones comerciales internacionales, que permita crear un fondo de solidaridad gestionado por Naciones Unidas.
6.- No aceptaremos simples declaraciones de principios que no se traduzcan en políticas concretas. En definitiva, APELAMOS al sentido de la generosidad y humanidad de todos, y fundamentalmente de la clase política internacional económicamente poderosa.
Desde la tierra que espera y cree firmemente en la Solidaridad que construya un mundo mejor y más justo, a 30 de enero de 2009"
---------------------------------------------------------------------
MANIFESTO ON BEHALF OF SOLIDARITY.
WHO WE ARE:
We, the endorsers of this Manifesto, are citizens on total use of our civil rights and holders of popular sovereignty, from where State Powers are emanated.
We, the signers, aware of the situation of poverty, hunger and illness in which great part of the human population lives despite being in a historical moment, as the current one, where sufficient political, economical and scientific means are available so as to solve these problems, address to all world citizens.
This public declaration is a universal calling which heads for the whole humanity, to each human being that inhabits this planet, for them to become aware for the terrible situation that millions of people have to face and, somehow, to encourage them to act accordingly, to bring to an end this unsustainable situation. This is why the original version in Spanish will be translated to different languages, since our intention is that the public opinion´s voice is heard in those places where political and economical decisions are adopted.
WHOM DO WE ADDRESS TO?:
We address to all the politicians who rule our countries; as well as to the highest heads of International Organizations, such as The United Nations, and to presidents and governments of the richest and most powerful countries of the world.
WE DECLARE:
1.- That this text has its origin in the certain fact of the extreme situation of the needs and hunger a big part of the world’s population suffers and in the current unequal and unfair distribution of the properties existing in the earth. We understand that the equanimity and the harmony in our planet must exist based in the acknowledgment of the equal, inalienable and intrinsic dignity of all the members of the human family, that is why it is unacceptable that a big part of the world’s population has to face such a precarious reality with this level of injustice, inequality, hunger, poverty and malnutrition.
2.- Since all human beings are born to be free, we believe that this situation is particularly evil and unethical. We also plead that all citizens in the world must have these rights in the same moment they are brought to life and not as a future promise to be reached depending of the political, social or economical reality of their homeland.
3.- We defend what is utterly unfair, immoral and a humanitarian punishable crime before the international courts and the History that right in the 21st century there still exist human beings starving in this World and dying because of that. It is an aggravating circumstance that, existing enough international laws and technical, economical and scientific means to correct the aforementioned situation, those who have the power in the world do not carry out the necessary actions to solve what future generations will only describe as a real genocide in which they all will be guilty for having the means to solve the problem, but not using them.
4.-We consider this unfair situation to be against the Natural Law, the Human Rights and the procedure of the most elementary ethical principles, and we understand that the moment has come in which the voice of the public opinion demands from their leaders the end of such state of affairs.
5.- That this is neither a utopian nor a political manifesto, and it does not expect the founding of a new political or socio-economic world order, nor any damage to the business, sanitary or social network of the First World, but the most elementary justice with the underprivileged.
BECAUSE OF ALL THE FACTS AFOREMENTIONED, WE DEMAND OF OUR LEADERS:
1. To adopt immediate and urging measures to alleviate such a situation of hunger, illness and malnutrition in the Third World. We think that such measures do not represent any utopia as they are perfectly feasible and possible.
2. To maintain the promise of fulfilling the Millenium Objetives which were established by the UN in the year 2000. These Objectives define the principles that the countries and the international economical system must follow in order to overcome the unfair situations humanity suffers towards the year 2015 (as it was agreed).
3. To perform systematically acts of solidarity towards the countries in an unfavourable position and to establish a logical and human order of priorities in the economical policy, including intelligent projects that create wealth and jobs in the aforementioned countries, offering sustainable development and progress to help them to consolidate a permanent social, economical and health service network that makes it possible for them to start from an equal position.
4. To take the necessary steps so that the richest countries allocate part of their national budgets to create wealth, companies and work sources in the aforementioned countries, as well as to adopt an international agreement, which should be compulsory for the developed countries and signed in the UN.
5. To implement an ethical code that regulates the multinational companies strategy, as well as the elimination of the tax havens and the application of the Tobin Tax —or a similar one— to the international commercial transactions, that will allow to create a solidarity fund managed by the UN.
6. We will not accept simple declarations of principles that are not transformed into specific policies. In other words, we appeal to everybody’s sense of generosity and humanity, especially from the ones who belong to the international ruling class that have the economical power.
From the Earth that waits and believes firmly in the Solidarity that can build a better and fairer world, 30th January 2009.
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MANIFESTE POUR LA SOLIDARITÉ
QUI SOMMES-NOUS:
Les adhérents à ce manifeste sommes des citoyens en plein usage de nos droits civils et titulaires de la souveraineté populaire, de laquelle émanent les pouvoirs de l'État.
Les signataires nous nous adressons à tous les citoyens du monde, informés de la situation de pauvreté, de famine et de maladie dans laquelle se trouve une grande partie de la population humaine dans un moment historique, comme l'actuel, où l'on dispose des moyens suffisants tant dans les domaines politiques, économiques et scientifiques qui pourraient résoudre ces problèmes.
Ce manifeste a une vocation d'universalité et s'adresse à l'humanité entière, à chaque être humain qui habite cette planète afin qu'il prenne conscience de la terrible situation à laquelle sont confrontés des millions de personnes et d'une certaine façon agisse en conséquence pour mettre fin à cette situation. Pour ce faire la version originale en espagnol sera traduite en diverses langues, car notre intention est de faire entendre la voix de l'opinion publique jusqu'aux lieux où se prennent les décisions politiques et économiques concernant le monde.
Á QUI NOUS NOUS ADRESSONS:
Nous nous adressons à la classe politique gouvernante de nos pays, ainsi qu'aux plus hauts mandataires Des Organisations Internationales, telles que l'Organisation des Nations Unies, et aux Présidents et Gouvernements des pays les plus puissants, économiquement parlant, de la Terre.
NOUS LEUR MANIFESTONS :
1.- Que ce texte émane de la constatation de la situation extrême de besoin et de famine que souffre une grande partie de la population de la Terre et de l'injuste distribution des biens existants aujourd'hui dans le monde. Nous entendons que l'impartialité et l'harmonie dans le monde ont pour base la reconnaissance de la dignité intrinsèque et des droits égaux et inaliénables de tous les membres de la famille humaine, raison pour laquelle il est inadmissible qu'une grande partie de la population mondiale doive affronter une réalité si précaire, à un degré tel d'injustice et d'inégalité, à tant de famine, de pauvreté et de dénutrition.
2.- Que nous considérons que dite situation est de façon inhérente perverse et inadmissible ni moralement ni éthiquement, étant donné que tous les êtres humains naissent libres et égaux .De la même manière, nous n'oublions pas que tous les citoyens du monde ont ces droits dès leur naissance et non comme une promesse future dont la conquête dépend de la réalité politique, sociale et économique de leurs pays.
3.-Que nous défendons qu'il est absolument injuste, immoral et un crime humanitaire punissable devant les tribunaux internationaux et l'Histoire que, en plein XXI ème Siècle, existent des êtres humains qui souffrent de faim dans le monde et qui en meurent. Que c'est une circonstance aggravante de ce crime qu'existant les lois internationales suffisantes, ainsi que les moyens techniques, économiques et scientifiques pour corriger cette situation, ceux qui exercent le pouvoir dans le monde ne réalisent les actions nécessaires pour résoudre ce que les futures générations qualifieront d'authentique génocide dont seront coupables tous ceux qui tout en ayant les moyens pour résoudre ce problème ne les auront pas utilisés.
4.- Que nous considérons que cette situation injuste est contraire au Droit Naturel, aux Droits Humains et aux règles de l'éthique la plus élémentaire et nous pensons que le moment est venu que la voix de l'opinion publique exige de ses dirigeants la fin d'un tel état des choses.
5.- Que ce présent manifeste n'est pas un manifeste utopique; ni un manifeste politique, ni nous prétendons avec ceci l'instauration d'un nouvel ordre politique ou socio-économique mondial, ni aucun discrédit des réseaux entreprise, sanitaire et social du monde développé, sinon la justice la plus élémentaire envers les plus démunis.
POUR TOUTES CES RAISONS , NOUS EXIGEONS DE NOS DIRIGEANTS:
1.- L'adoption de mesures immédiates et urgentes pour mettre fin à la situation de famine, de maladie et dénutrition dans le Tiers-Monde. Nous considérons que de telles mesures ne constituent pas une utopie, sinon qu'elles sont parfaitement viables et possibles.
2.- Maintenir le compromis de remplir les Objectifs du Millénaire qui, établis par les Nations Unies en 2000, définissent les principes sur lesquels doit s'adapter la conduite des pays et du système économique international pour surmonter, avec comme horizon 2015, les injustices dont souffrent l'humanité.
3.- La réalisation d'actes solidaires systématiques envers les pays les plus démunis et que s'établisse un ordre logique et humain de priorités en politique économique, avec des projets intelligents qui créent richesse et emploi dans les pays affectés, facilitant un développement soutenable et un progrès qui les aide à consolider un réseau sanitaire, économique et social stable qui rende possible le retour à une situation de départ égalitaire.
4.- Que les mesures nécessaires soient prises afin que les pays riches destinent une part de leurs budgets à la création de richesse et d'entreprises et de sources de travail dans les pays affectés ; ainsi que l'adoption d'un accord international qui devrait se souscrire à la ONU et d'application obligatoire de la part des pays développés.
5.- l'implantation d'un code éthique qui contrôle la stratégie des entreprises multinationales, ainsi que l'élimination des paradis fiscaux et l'application de la taxe Tobin, ou une autre de semblable quand aux transactions commerciales internationales qui permette de créer un fonds de solidarité géré par les Nations Unies.
6.- Nous n'accepterons pas de simples déclarations de principes qui ne se traduisent en politiques concrètes. En définitive, NOUS FAISONS APPEL au sens de la générosité et de l'humanité de tous et fondamentalement de la classe politique internationale, économiquement puissante.
Depuis la Terre qui espère et croit fermement en la Solidarité qui puisse construire un monde meilleur et plus juste, le 30 janvier 2009.
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Fuente: Manifiesto por la solidaridad
Otros idiomas:
Sketches from the courtroom of the first trial of the Baltimore police officers accused of being culpable in the death of Freddie Gray. www.washingtonpost.com/news/drawing-dc-together/
Sketches from the courtroom of the first trial of the Baltimore police officers accused of being culpable in the death of Freddie Gray. www.washingtonpost.com/news/drawing-dc-together/
Anuel AA Ft. Mike Duran, Kevin Roldan, Bryant Myers, Noriel y Darkiel – Culpable Remix (Preview Kevin Roldan)
Anuel AA Ft. Mike Duran, Kevin Roldan, Bryant Myers, Noriel y Darkiel – Culpable Remix (Preview Kevin Roldan)
reggaetonestreno.com/anuel-aa-ft-mike-duran-kevin-roldan-...
Captain Scott's ill-fated South Pole 'Terra Nova' Expedition 1910 - 1913.
The Terra Nova Expedition, officially the British Antarctic Expedition, was an expedition to Antarctica which took place between 1910 and 1913. It was led by Robert Falcon Scott and had various scientific and geographical objectives. Scott wished to continue the scientific work that he had begun when leading the Discovery Expedition to the Antarctic in 1901–04. He also wanted to be the first to reach the geographic South Pole. He and four companions attained the pole on 17 January 1912, where they found that the Norwegian team led by Roald Amundsen had preceded them by 34 days. Scott's entire party died on the return journey from the pole; some of their bodies, journals, and photographs were found by a search party eight months later.
The expedition, named after its supply ship, was a private venture, financed by public contributions augmented by a government grant. It had further backing from the Admiralty, which released experienced seamen to the expedition, and from the Royal Geographical Society. The expedition's team of scientists carried out a comprehensive scientific programme, while other parties explored Victoria Land and the Western Mountains. An attempted landing and exploration of King Edward VII Land was unsuccessful. A journey to Cape Crozier in June and July 1911 was the first extended sledging journey in the depths of the Antarctic winter.
For many years after his death, Scott's status as tragic hero was unchallenged, and few questions were asked about the causes of the disaster which overcame his polar party. In the final quarter of the 20th century the expedition came under closer scrutiny, and more critical views were expressed about its organization and management. The degree of Scott's personal culpability, and more recently, the culpability of certain expedition members, remains controversial.
On the morning of 8 September 1923, Destroyer Squadron 11 cleared San Francisco on a high-speed run to San Diego. That evening, as the column of fourteen destroyers closed the entrance to the Santa Barbara Channel in a heavy following sea, flagship Delphy led the formation in a premature course change to port. Minutes later, after entering a fog bank that concealed the coast, she stranded at 20 knots on rocky Point Pedernales (locally known as “Honda,” about two miles north of Point Arguello on the grounds of today’s Vandenberg Air Force Base). She was followed in close order by S. P. Lee, Young, Woodbury, Nicholas, Fuller and Chauncey; Farragut, Somers and Kennedy also touched bottom before backing clear.
Lockwood and Adamson, Tragedy at Honda.
Three shipmates died in the loss of Delphy; twenty in Young, which rolled to starboard before she could be abandoned. Others came ashore that night or the following day, when they were treated by doctors from nearby Lompoc and taken out by the Southern Pacific Railroad, whose tracks ran along the coast at the site.
Destroyer Squadron 11
8 September 1923
USS Delphy (DD 261),* flag
Destroyer Division 33
USS S. P. Lee (DD 310),* flag
USS Young (DD 312)*
USS Woodbury (DD 309)*
USS Nicholas (DD 311)*
Destroyer Division 31
USS Farragut (DD 300),** flag
USS Fuller (DD 297)*
USS Percival (DD 298)
USS Somers (DD 301)**
USS Chauncey (DD 296)*
Destroyer Division 32
USS Kennedy (DD 306),** flag
USS Paul Hamilton (DD 307)
USS Thompson (DD 305)
Over the next days, wave action began breaking up the stranded ships, all of which were stricken from the Navy List on 20 November.
At a General Court Martial convened on 1 November, Squadron Commander Captain Edward H. Watson and Delphy’s CO LCdr. Donald T. Hunter were found guilty of culpable inefficiency and negligence. Nicholas’s LCdr. Roesch, was also found guilty of negligence but the verdict against him was later set aside.
Twenty-three officers and men were recommended for citations by a Board of Inquiry. Many more were recommended by Rear Admiral S. E. W. Kittelle, Com Des Rons, and while the court martial verdict cost Captain Watson any chance of future promotion, his energetic leadership of rescue operations, acceptance of command responsibility and display of personal character became widely known and admired in and outside the Navy.
In 1925, the US Lighthouse Service established a radio beacon at Point Arguello and increased the candlepower of the light there to 900,000 (later 1.3 million).
Visit the Point Honda Memorial web site for a timeline, analysis and historical research, including discussion of an earthquake off Japan a week before the disaster and the possibility of unusual currents near Point Honda.
Today, web mapping applications identify the site as “destroyer rock” and although its cliffs are off limits due to erosion from the surf, there is a memorial above that once held an anchor recovered from Chauncey and still includes a pair of weathered plaques. Below lie some of Chauncey’s remains.
Easier to find is Delphy’s mangled starboard screw, which in 1983 was placed on display outside the Veterans Memorial Building in Lompoc.
Vostè ( tu, tu mateixa ) / Pau Riba
T'has ompert els ulls de flors,
i la boca, nas i orelles
per ignorar el crit i el plor
tu vols sants, roses i estrelles!
Et tinc a tocar del dit
però no em veus, no pots sentir-me
ets feliç, ets molt feliç
i m'ho diu el teu somriure.
Mira! t'insultaré.
Diré a tots que ets ben podrida
diré que ets prou innocent
però és clar, no pots sentir-me!
Ja crido i no cal cridar
(ja és bo que em facis la cara)
però no m'escoltaràs
perquè no pots escoltar-me
i és que
tens els ulls plens de flors
i la boca nas i orelles
per ignorar el crit i el plor
tu vols sants, roses i estrelles!
Tens molt bona educació
calles sempre i obeeixes
no dius mai que sí o que no
però bé t'amagues i reses.
Mai t'has posat un per què
del que has vist o el que veus ara,
fas el que sempre s'ha fet,
creus perquè creia el teu pare,
vas allà on et fan anar,
fas de gent i així t'agrades,
i se t'han fet els ulls grans,
i la mirada ensucrada.
Perquè
tens els ulls plens de flors
i la boca, nas i orelles
per ignorar el crit i el plor
tu vols sants, roses i estrelles!
T'has casat amb un bon jan
que et fou triat amb esmera
i has sofert la seva carn,
una llei crec que ho esmenta,
Ho has fet sempre amb gran despit,
tot i morir-te'n de ganes,
perquè ets dona per fer fills
i és el Destí qui així ho mana.
T'has casat el cor glaçat
per solucionar la vida
mai no te n'has adonat
t'estic dient prostituta!
però
tens els ulls plens de flors
i la boca, nas i orelles
no vius més enllà del nas
amb els peus en la mentida.
Si m'haguessis sentit bé
t'hauries girat senyant-te,
buscant a per tot qui és
aquella de qui jo parlo
i jo només parlo de tu
que si el món és amarg i brut
n'ets la principal culpable: tu
que els teus fills no saps què parlen
que les negres les veus blanques: tu,
tu que sempre et justifiques
en la gran maldat dels altres: tu,
tu que amb rams de flors als ulls
et clavaràs patacada: tu,
tu que et moriràs per sempre
l'instant que deixis de viure: tu,
tu que no has fet ni desfet
tu que ni Déu ni el diable et
podran acusar o defensar
perquè
tens els ulls plens de flors
i la boca, nas i orelles
per ignorar el crit i el plor
tu vols sants, roses i estrelles!
Mirá que adentro mío hay
un deseo de venganza
de hacer pagar tus culpas
y dejarte sin fianza
pensar que ya no puedo ni adorarte como antes
porque estoy ocupada en culparte.
quisiera encerrarte y no dejarte salir más
mostrarle a los demás
el dolor que me causas.
culpable
sos el único culpable
yo te acuso y te maldigo
te destierro de mi alma
y mi corazón.
culpable - vicentico
Sketches from the courtroom of the first trial of the Baltimore police officers accused of being culpable in the death of Freddie Gray. www.washingtonpost.com/news/drawing-dc-together/
Santo Domingo de la Calzada és una població situada al costat del riu Oja, que dóna nom a la regió, en el trajecte del camí de Santiago.
El seu nom i fundació provenen de Domingo García, després canonitzat com a Santo Domingo de la Calzada, qui creà un pont, un hospital i un alberg de peregrins, per a facilitar el seu pas cap a Santiago de Compostela, al voltant de l'any 1045.
És famosa la dita de "Santo Domingo de la Calzada, donde cantó la gallina después de asada", gràcies a un miracle atribuït al sant. En record d'aquesta llegenda es guarda permanentment a la catedral un gall i una gallina, en un galliner construït amb forja.
La Catedral va ser començada, segons els "Anales Compostelanos", l'any 1158, amb la finalitat d'acollir les restes d'un dels sants més coneguts i venerats en el Camí de Santiago, Santo Domingo de la Calzada, mort en l'any 1109.
El mestre Garçión, possiblement d'origen francès, va projectar un gran temple tardorromànic d'acord amb la importància del lloc, i del que encara es conserven importants vestigis, en concret la capçalera i el disseny de la resta del temple. Des del punt de vista arquitectònic destaca la seva estructura, amb una capçalera amb deambulatori que circumda el presbiteri, i tres capelles absidals de les que només la central és de les originals. Pel que fa a l'escultura d'aquesta part de la catedral, cal destacar per la seva importància tota la sèrie de capitells historiats del deambulatori i sobretot les quatre pilastres decorades que donen al presbiteri. En elles s'ha vist representat un arbre de Jessè destacant per la seva qualitat les imatges de la Santíssima Trinitat i d'un Rei David músic.
El cor de la catedral és una gran peça plateresca realitzada en la dècada de 1520 per Andrés de Nájera i Guillén d'Holanda, entre d'altres. La qualitat de les seves talles s'aprecia en els treballs de delicats calats o en la marqueteria dels seus setials. Els relleus de les cadires representen figures de sants i santes. Presidint, a la cadira abacial, es troba Santo Domingo. També és digne de ressenyar l'interessant programa simbòlic de tot el conjunt, reafirmat per una sèrie de sentències inscrites en molts dels respatllers.
El sepulcre de Santo Domingo de la Calzada és una obra en la qual conflueixen diversos estils per ser possiblement fruit de la unió de peces de tres sepulcres diferents. Romànica és la lauda sepulcral en la qual es representa al Sant jacent, gòtica és la taula en la qual es narren els seus miracles, i tardogòtic és el templet. Aquest va ser dissenyat per Felipe Vigarny i realitzat per Juan de Rasines en 1513.
El galliner, on s'aixopluguen el gall i la gallina com a record del famós miracle, és d'estil gòtic del segle XV.
Altres obres importants de la catedral són les capelles funeràries de Santa Teresa i de la Magdalena. La primera conté diversos sepulcres gòtics, el del centre de Pedro Suárez de Figueroa, i un bell retaule de pintura sobre taula de finals del segle XV. La segona és força menor en grandària però igualment interessant ja que és d'un estil proper al del gran escultor Felipe Vigarny. És d'estil gòtic tardà i en ella està enterrat Pedro de Carranza, maestrescola de la Catedral de Burgos. Destaca el sepulcre, la reixa i el petit retaule del pintor de l'època León Picardo.
El claustre és una obra gòtic-mudèjar en el qual destaca la sala capitular pel seu cadirat del segle XVII i per la seva enteixinat mudèjar com a sostre. S'hi exposen valuoses obres d'art com tríptics flamencs, orfebreria i altres importants peces escultòriques.
La llegenda del gall i la gallina
Al segle XIV pelegrina a Compostela Hugonell, un jove alemany de 18 anys que va acompanyat pels seus pares. En la fonda on s'allotgen treballa una noia jove que s'enamora d'ell i li requereix d'amors, al que el noi es nega. Despitada i amb ànsies de venjança, guarda al sarró del jove una copa de plata i després l'acusa de robatori.
El jove Hugonell i els seus pares es disposen a partir per seguir el pelegrinatge, quan arriba la justícia i comproven l'acusació registrant el sarró del noi. El declaren culpable i és condemnat a la forca. Els pares no poden fer res per ell més que resar a Santiago. De retorn a Alemanya, a l'acostar-se al cos penjat del seu fill per acomiadar-se senten com aquest els parla des de la forca i els diu que està viu per la gràcia del Sant.
Feliços i contents van a comunicar la notícia al corregidor que, just en aquest moment, està sopant opíparament unes aus. El corregidor naturalment es burla del que sent i llança la frase coneguda: «El vostre fill està tan viu com aquest gall i aquesta gallina que em disposava a menjar abans que em importunarais». I en aquest moment, les aus salten del plat i es posen a cantar i cloquejar alegrement.
D'aquesta llegenda va néixer la dita popular: «En Santo Domingo de la Calzada, donde cantó la gallina después de asada». Es tracta d'una llegenda molt similar a la Llegenda del Gall de Barcelos i probablement les dues tinguin un origen comú.
ATENCIÓN: ESTA RANA NO SE HA MATADO A CONCIENCIA, DICHA RANA ESTABA MUERTA EN UNA PISCINA CUYO CULPABLE HA SIDO EL CLORO.
This is an experimental scan I'm trying out to see if it's worthwhile to scan paper photogs into Flickr. What do you think?
The photo is of my dear old mum, taken in (I think) 1994 or 5. The ship in the background is the MS Explorer, formerly the MS Lindblad Explorer. In these same waters, the ship hit an unidentified submerged object and sank in November 2007:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Explorer-sinking-2.jpg
Me mum was not on board at the time and was found "not culpable" by a jury of 12 penguins.
The file card that accompanied the mug shot listed the charge as "intox driver", but Martin Fobes was suspected of something much worse.
A headline on the front page of the January 14th 1948 edition of the New Castle News read: "Cause of Girl's Death Is Mystery". It was a mystery to the police, which isn't unusual, but it also seemed to be a mystery to the man who was arrested in connection with the death. Or so he claimed.
According to Martin Fobes, he woke up with a hangover at about 5 o'clock in the morning on January 6, lying on the living room floor of his home. He didn't know how he'd ended up there or what had happened since he left the Rex Café some time after midnight with Anna Grace Robertson and her sister. He had no idea that Anna Grace was now in a coma in the hospital, having been found battered and bleeding in the middle of North Mercer street a few hours earlier.
At least, that was the story he told the police when he was arrested and taken to the station, where this mugshot was taken. He was charged with driving a motor vehicle while intoxicated and leaving the scene of an accident without rendering assistance, but it was obvious that more serious charges were likely to be pressed, depending on what the girl said when she came out of her coma.
But she never regained consciousness. She died three days after being admitted to the hospital. A post-mortem showed that she died of haemorrhages of the brain. She also had a complete fracture of the left jaw, partial paralysis of the left arm and left leg, and friction burns on her face and right knee.
At the inquest, Fobes stuck to his story that he couldn't remember what had happened that night, but other people filled in some of the blanks.
Anna Grace's sister, Eris, testified that Fobes had taken her and Anna Grace home from the Rex Café, where they had met him. Anna Grace knew Fobes, it seemed, but Eris had never seen him before. When they got to the house, instead of coming in with Eris, Anna Grace went off with Fobes. They said that they were going to a café known as Jim's Place on the east side, and were then going to the Square Deal to meet Anna Grace's mother, who worked there. It was 12.25 am.
The bartender of the Rex Café, William Weidenhof, had gone over to the Square Deal after closing up his place, and testified that he saw Fobes and Anna Grace there. Fobes was drunk, and kept asking Anna Grace to leave with him. Eventually, just before 2, he saw Fobes take Anna Grace's arm and lead her to his truck.
About 20 minutes later, a man called Louis Smith found Anna Grace's unconscious body lying in the empty street. She had a bloody nose and a bruise on her forehead. He called the police, and an officer took her to the hospital.
The inquest heard from people, including Anna Grace's sister, who had met Fobes in town the next night, back in the Rex Café again. He seemed "pretty well loaded" and had scratches on his face. A friend of Fobes, Joseph McKee, went over to ask him if he knew what had happened to Anna Grace, but Fobes ducked the question, saying only that he'd been in a wreck at the harbour at about 4.30 am, but that everything was on the "up and up". Later that evening, he passed out in the bar.
After hearing all the evidence -- what you've just read is pretty much all there was -- the inquest concluded that it was unable to determine how Anna Grace sustained the injuries that caused her death, and recommended further investigation. There doesn't appear to have been any, though. Anna Grace had been buried the day before the inquest, so there couldn't be any further pathological examination, the witnesses had said all that they could, and Martin Fobes wasn't saying anything else.
The case appears to have been dropped. The local paper doesn't mention it, or Anna Grace, after that day. Fobes wasn't charged with a serious crime.
No one seems to have been certain what happened in those missing 20 minutes. Obviously, Anna Grace's injuries suggest that she jumped from Fobes's speeding truck, but why did she jump? The most likely scenario would seem to be that Fobes made a move on her as they drove through town, they struggled (which would be when his face was scratched) and she jumped from the truck to escape. That must have occurred to the inquest but, if it did, the members -- all men -- didn't choose to pursue it. Perhaps it struck them as just a tragic accident, and not the kind of thing over which they should ruin the life of a hard-working family man.
At this late date, it's impossible to say for sure how culpable Fobes was, but, after checking a map of New Castle (the relevant part is in the comments below), I think I'd judge him a little more harshly than the inquest seems to have done.
The Square Deal, where Fobes and Anna Grace were last seen together, was on West Washington street, at the bottom of the map. Anna Grace was found unconscious 10 blocks up North Mercer street, way up at the top-right corner of the map. To get to that spot from the Square Deal, Fobes would have had to have driven right over West Falls street, the middle one of the three streets that cross the river at that point. That's where Anna Grace lived.
He wasn't driving her home, and she knew it.
Fobes was 39 when he was arrested, and he died 20 years later. His obituary in the January 21, 1969 edition of the New Castle News says that he was born in New Castle in 1909 to Morgan and Catherine Blews Fobes; that he was employed as a field car repairman by the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company; that he was a member of lodge 51 of the Loyal Order of the Moose; and that he was a veteran of World War II. Naturally, it doesn't mention Anna Grace Robertson.
[See also: Animal Rights March 2nd Sept 2017]
Loud and lively anti-fur demonstration on the opening day of London Fashion Week 2017.
The organisers note that -
"Despite many big labels like Armani, Stella McCartney, Calvin Klein and Vivienne Westwood denouncing fur, London Fashion Week continues to provide the largest platform for fur in the UK - even though fur is illegal to produce in this country.
As high fashion drips down into high street fashion, the relentless promotion of fur by high brow designers is culpable in the normalisation of cheap high street fur items that have been brought back into shops and market stalls. London Fashion Week is currently responsible for the deaths of millions of innocent animals who are enslaved and tortured for their fur. This has to stop."
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The Postcard
An A.J.H. Series postcard that has a divided back. It was posted in Purley on Monday the 20th. November 1905 to Clara Rodenwaldt who lived in Friedenau, Berlin, Germany. The card was sent by Elsa Weichmann who was living at an address in Foxley Lane.
Robert Saint
So what else happened on the day that Elsa posted the card?
Well, the 20th. November 1905 marked the birth in Hebburn, South Tyneside, of Robert Saint.
Robert "Bob" Saint was a British composer, musician and animal welfare activist, best known for his 1930's brass band composition "Gresford", about the Gresford disaster and known as "The Miners' Hymn".
Saint was also a significant campaigner for animal welfare, particularly of pit ponies.
Biography of Robert Saint
Saint came from a family of miners, including his father, whom he joined working in an accident-prone mine at Hebburn at the age of 14 after leaving school.
While working there, he campaigned for shorter hours and better treatment of pit ponies. Saint was employed as a "putter", working the carts around the mine until its closure in 1932. This left him unemployed in the era of the Great Depression, though Saint also earned money by giving music lessons and performing in a dance orchestra. He also formed his own band, the Kensington Dance Orchestra, which he led on saxophone.
When Saint learned of the Gresford disaster in 1934, it had a lasting impression on him. In response, he composed "Gresford", which biographer Robert Colls described as:
"A tune giving mining communities
something to say at the end".
Saint's composition for the Gresford disaster was first performed publicly in 1938, during the Durham Miners' Gala. All of the royalties he gained from "Gresford" were donated to the National Union of Mineworkers.
Robert joined the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers as an army bandsman, playing the trombone. However he was discharged from service for medical reasons in 1939, and took up a brief job as a labourer in a shipyard.
In 1940, he met a representative for a charity known as The National Equine (and Smaller Animals) Defence League. Relating his own experiences campaigning for pit ponies, Saint became an inspector for the League, and drove an animal ambulance by 1946.
He eventually became a regional organizer for the group. After his initial recruitment, the League gave Saint an animal refuge, which was simply a shed in his backyard with kennels and veterinary equipment. Saint became known to locals as "the poor people's vet", and would humanely euthanize sick and dying pets upon request, free of charge. Saint spoke at local schools, encouraging children to be kind to animals and promoting an Animals' Guardians club.
In 1948, the League bought a five-acre farm for Saint, comprising a large home, stables, and other outbuildings. Saint was known as a unique individual in the area, and kept ponies in his parlour at the farm.
Peter Crookston, writing about Saint's life in The Pitmen's Requiem, suspected that Saint and the League had a private "falling out" somewhere between 1949 and 1950, based on financial reports and the fact that they provided no obituary for him in their 1951 annual report.
The Personal Life and Death of Robert Saint
Saint was married to Doris Taylor, and had two sons, Ronnie and Stanley.
Robert died of heart failure, asthma and chronic bronchitis on the 15th. December 1950. Saint was a heavy smoker of Woodbine cigarettes on top of suffering from chronic industrial disease, contributing to his death at the age of 45.
The Gresford Mine Disaster
The Gresford mine disaster occurred on the 22nd. September 1934 at Gresford Colliery, near Wrexham, in northeast Wales, when an explosion and underground fire killed 266 men.
Gresford is one of Great Britain's worst coal mining disasters. A controversial inquiry into the disaster did not conclusively identify a cause, though evidence suggested that failures in safety procedures and poor mine management were contributory factors.
Further public controversy was caused by the decision to permanently seal the colliery's damaged districts, meaning that only eleven of those who died were recovered.
Background to the Disaster
The Westminster and United Collieries Group began to sink the pit at Gresford in 1908. Two shafts were sunk 50 yards (46 m) apart: the Dennis and the Martin.
They were named after Sir Theodore Martin, the company chairman, and Mabel Dennis, wife of the company managing director Henry Dyke Dennis, who had ceremonially cut the first sods for each of the respective shafts. Work was completed in 1911.
The mine was one of the deepest in the Denbighshire Coalfield: the Dennis shaft reached depths of about 2,264 feet (690 m) and the Martin shaft about 2,252 feet (686 m).
By 1934, 2,200 coal miners were employed at the colliery, with 1,850 working underground and 350 on the surface. Three seams were worked:
-- Crank (South-East and No. 1 North sections), a 3 ft (0.91 m) seam producing high-quality household coal.
-- Brassey (South-East and No. 1 North sections), a 4 ft (1.2 m) to 12 ft (3.7 m) seam delivering harder 'steam' coal for commercial use.
-- Main (Dennis, South-East and No. 1 North sections), a 7 ft (2.1 m) seam that produced softer industrial coal.
Lying east of the Bala Fault, the mine was extremely dry, unlike mines to the west of the fault, and was therefore prone to firedamp. The Main Coal in particular, which made up most of Gresford's output, was "of a very gassy nature".
The explosion occurred within the Main seam of Dennis. This section, which began more than 1.3 miles (2.1 km) from the shaft bottom, was mined down a shallow gradient following the 1:10 dip of the seam. At the time of the disaster Dennis was divided into six "districts": 20's, 61's, 109's, 14's, 29's, and a very deep area known collectively as the "95's and 24's".
Most districts in Dennis were worked by the longwall system where the coal face was mined in single blocks. Gresford was considered a modern pit by the standards of the time; most districts in the Dennis section were mechanised except 20's and 61's, which were furthest from the main shaft (approximately 2.75 miles (4.43 km)) and which were still worked by hand.
Evidence given at the inquiry into the disaster suggested there were a number of adverse conditions in the pit prior to the explosion. Firstly, underground mine ventilation in some districts of Dennis was inadequate; in particular, the 14's and 29's districts were notorious for poor air quality.
The main return airway for the 109's, 14's and 29's districts was said to be 4 feet (1.2 m) by 4 feet, and far too small to provide adequate ventilation. Secondly, working conditions in the 2,600-foot (790 m) deep 95's and 24's district were always uncomfortably hot. Thirdly, it was alleged, there were also numerous breaches of safety regulations leading to the districts being in an unfit condition to operate.
The disaster inquiry was told that one of the pit deputies, whose job was to oversee the safety of a district, admitted that he also carried out shot firing during his shifts, in addition to his other duties. It was revealed that he fired more charges during his shift than a full-time shotfirer could have safely carried out.
The colliery had made an operating loss in 1933, and the pit manager, William Bonsall, is thought to have been under pressure from the Dennis family to increase profitability. Henry Dyke Dennis was reputed in the Wrexham district to be a forceful individual who had more control of the pit than the manager.
Bonsall was not a trained mining engineer, and at Gresford the role of mine agent, which would normally be held by a technically experienced person with authority to stand up to both manager and owners, had for some time been temporarily filled by the company secretary since the retirement of the previous agent Sydney Cockin.
Gresford had previously had a good safety record, but there were suggestions that in the two years Bonsall had not had Cockin to help him, the pit's management had come under increasing commercial pressure.
Bonsall admitted that he had spent little time in the Dennis section of the pit in the months before the disaster, as he was overseeing the installation of new machinery in the "Slant", an area in the South-East section. Work on improving the Dennis section ventilation had been halted, and the inquiry's chair later confessed to an uneasy feeling that Mr. Bonsall was overridden on the matter.
The Gresford Explosion
On Saturday the 22nd. September 1934 at 2:08 a.m. a violent explosion ripped through the Dennis section. The explosion started a fire near 29's district and blocked the main access road, known as "142's Deep", to all the section's other districts.
At the time up to 500 men were working underground on the night shift with more than half in the affected areas. The rest were in the Slant district of the South-East section about 2 miles (3.2 km) from the explosion; many they were unaware for some time afterwards that a disaster had occurred.
In Dennis the night overman, Fred Davies, who was on duty at the bottom of the main shaft, heard a crashing sound and was enveloped in a cloud of dust for around 30 seconds. When it cleared he telephoned the surface and told Bonsall, the manager:
"Something has happened down
the Dennis. I think it has fired."
Bonsall immediately went into the mine to try to establish what had occurred. At approximately 3.30am the afternoon shift overman, Benjamin Edwards, reported that parts of the Dennis main road were on fire beyond a junction, known as the Clutch, where the haulage motors were located, and that a large number of miners were trapped beyond the blaze. Meanwhile, the shift that was working the Slant was ordered to the pit bottom and told to get out of the mine.
Only six men had escaped from the Dennis section, all of whom were working in 29's district. Some of the group were sitting taking a mid-shift break about 300 yards (270 m) north of the Clutch when the initial explosion happened. Jack Samuels, in his testimony at the inquest, described hearing a violent thud, followed at once by dust while at the face. He commented:
"That's the bloody bottom gone".
By the "bottom", Samuels clarified that he meant 14's district, which lay below them. A colleague advised them to leave the district via the "wind road" which was the 29's air return drift. Samuels told a further 30 men working in the 29's district to follow. But as the six-man lead group went ahead attempting to fan the air to mitigate the effects of the deadly afterdamp, they soon realised the other miners had not followed them.
Jack Samuels described how Jones repeatedly fell back, commenting he was "done", but Samuels told him to "stick it" and shouldered the deputy up a ladder; Samuels was commended at the inquest for his bravery and leadership of the group.
After a long and difficult escape up 1:3 gradients, several ladders, and past rockfalls, the six miners eventually re-joined the Dennis main road and met Andrew Williams, the under-manager, who along with Bonsall had immediately descended the Dennis main shaft on being notified of the explosion. Williams took David Jones and went on towards the Clutch, while the remaining five went to the pit bottom and safety.
Beyond the Clutch, Williams found three falls in the main haulage road. Once he got past them he discovered a fire had started about 20 yards before the main entrance to 29's district, blocking escape from the districts further inbye, and immediately sent back for men and materials to fight it.
The evidence of Williams, Bonsall and Ben Edwards, who all saw the fire at this critical point, differed on how large it was: Bonsall thought they could not get close enough to it to fight it, but Edwards, who was able to view the burning spot directly, said that it "did not seem much of a fire", and the final report of the inquest was inconclusive as to whether the fire could have been put out at this stage if better equipment had been to hand. Williams and the overman Fred Davies made an initial attempt to get up to the fire using breathing apparatus, but were driven back by fumes.
Rescue Attempts at Gresford
Shortly before dawn, volunteers began entering the pit with ponies to tackle the fire and help clear debris. The area's trained mine rescue teams were alerted, though there were delays in doing so which were later suggested to reflect management disorganisation.
In the interim, many volunteers from the area's mines were sent below to assist: a manager from another colliery, sent down at about 4:30 am, described his attempts to extinguish the fires. Six dead miners, all men who had been working near the Clutch, were soon brought to the surface. By 5:00 am the Gresford rescue team was already in the pit, and some of the teams from the neighbouring Llay Main Colliery were at the surface, though they grew increasingly frustrated while waiting to be called down.
At 8:40 am, the 18-man Llay team finally received a call down the pit and went in accompanied by a Gresford miner who was to show them the way.
In a somewhat disorganised fashion John Charles Williams and his two rescue men making up the No. 1 Llay team, along with a Gresford rescue man W. Hughes, were instructed by the Gresford staff then below ground to check the mile-long return airway of the 20's district.
Bonsall later stated that his intent had only been for the team to establish the atmosphere in the return. He claimed that:
"My order was not to go in until they got
definite instructions from me, because
what I had in my mind was that it would
be charged with carbon monoxide, and
I did not want them to go through that,
because there would not be the slightest
chance of getting men back through it."
The instruction was, however, misinterpreted by a deputy as meaning that the team should physically enter the return; accordingly the rescue team entered the airway using breathing apparatus, despite the fact that their canary died instantly.
Williams, the team's leader, ordered them back when after several hundred yards after the airway ahead narrowed to 3 feet (0.91 m) by 3 feet and less. Two of the team then in Williams' words "seemed to get alarmed" and collapsed, possibly after removing their nose clips.
Williams then tried dragging a third team member for over 40 yards (37 m) towards safety before being overcome himself by poisonous gases. Williams was the only survivor; he was said by his family to be the man who later wrote the anonymous broadside ballad "The Gresford Disaster", which was highly critical of the mine's management.
Despite the fact that the carbon monoxide levels in the 20's return suggested that no-one further inbye could be left alive, rescue efforts became focused on trying to fight the fire at 29's Turn, using sand, stone dust, and extinguishers.
The miners trapped in the most northerly districts, the 20's and 61's, were more than 1 mile (1.6 km) on the other side of the fire, and rockfalls at the entrance to the 29's soon made it clear there was little chance of escape for the men trapped in the affected districts.
As the rockfalls were levelled, the fire become more severe: Parry Davies, captain of the Llay No. 2 rescue team, described the whole end of the level as:
"One mass of flame, the coal sides of the roadway,
burning in one white mass, and the more stones we
moved to one side, the more air we put on to the
flames. It was most peculiar to see the flames from
that fire, all the colours of the rainbow, a sight which
I will never forget."
By early Saturday morning, large crowds of concerned relatives and off-duty miners had gathered silently at the pit head awaiting news. Hopes were raised in the evening when rumours began circulating that the fire in the Dennis main road was being brought under control; families waiting at the surface were told rescue teams would soon be able to reach the miners in the 29's, the nearest district beyond the Clutch.
However, by Sunday evening it became clear that conditions in the pit had become extremely hazardous. Fire took hold in 29's haulage road as well as 142's Deep, and the rescue teams were withdrawn as further explosions took place behind a heavy fall on the far side of the fire. Relatives were told the shafts into the Dennis section would be capped because no one could have survived, and it was far too dangerous to try to recover any further bodies.
The final man to leave the pit, John McGurk, president of the Lancashire and Cheshire Miners' Federation, commented:
"There is no chance that any man is alive.
I have been down in pits after ten explosions,
but I have never seen anything like this.
From the point where the fire is raging for
twenty yards the stones are red-hot".
More explosions continued to occur within the pit over the next few days. On the 25th. September, a surface worker named George Brown became the disaster's final victim when he was killed by flying debris after one blast blew the cap off the Dennis shaft.
Recovery Efforts
In total, only 11 bodies (eight miners and the three rescue men) were ever recovered from the mine. Inquests recorded the cause of death as carbon monoxide poisoning. The mine shafts remained sealed for six months, after which unaffected districts were gradually re-entered.
Recovery teams first entered the pit, using breathing apparatus, on the 7th. March 1935. The damage caused by explosions and by the water directed down the pit was severe, and efforts concentrated on building stoppings so that fresh air could be readmitted to the pit.
In May, Parry Davies, captain of the Llay Main No. 2 rescue team, accompanied by two inspectors and a Ministry of Mines doctor, entered into the 20's return airway to recover the body of John Lewis of Cefn-y-Bedd, one of the members of the No. 1 team killed in the initial rescue attempts.
By July, a party of men using breathing apparatus had proceeded 700 yards beyond the stoppings into the Dennis section as far as the top of the haulage road of the 142's Deep, though they found no trace of any of the missing miners.
Within a matter of months, normal ventilation was restored to the Slant section: this work was, to that date, the first ever reopening of a pit by men working in a non-breathable atmosphere.
However, after retrieving air samples from beyond the permanent stoppings, the mining inspectors refused to allow recovery teams to go further into the Dennis districts to retrieve bodies, despite calls from the workers themselves that they should be allowed to do so. Dennis was never reopened; the bodies of the remaining 254 victims of the disaster were left in the sealed districts.
The Gresford Mine Disaster Inquiry
By the end of September 1934, 1,100 Gresford miners had signed on the unemployment register. Relief funds were set up by the Mayor of Wrexham, the Lord Lieutenant of Denbighshire, and the Lord Mayor of London. Their efforts raised a total of more than £580,000 for the dependants of the victims, equivalent to £41,000,000 in 2019.
On the 25th. October 1934 the official inquiry opened at Church House on Regent Street in Wrexham. It was chaired by Sir Henry Walker, His Majesty's Chief Inspector of Mines, who had himself been in the pit during the rescue attempts.
The miners, through the North Wales Miners' Association, were represented by Sir Stafford Cripps; the mine owners, mindful of the fact they could face criminal charges, hired a formidable legal team including Hartley Shawcross.
Sir Stafford Cripps was consistently critical of Gresford's management, colliery officials, and the Mines Inspectorate.
Sir
Two mining assessors, one approved by the miners and the other by the colliery management, were also appointed to assist Walker and the inquiry.
Local interest in the inquiry was enormous: as time went on the colliery officials called as witnesses faced increasing hostility from the public gallery, to the degree that the atmosphere began to affect the quality of their evidence.
The inquiry was marked by sensational allegations about the conduct of both sides: it was claimed that the deputies had after the accident held meetings together with the inspectorate, leading to a protest by miners, and there were several comments that the unions had paid miners to give evidence, causing an uproar in court.
The miners' legal representatives presented several theories at the inquiry as to cause of the explosion. Evidence had rapidly emerged that for much of the time, and especially during the night shifts, the pit was not under the direct supervision of the under-managers and manager, but was effectively run by the colliery officials - the overmen and deputies or 'firemen' - and often by the deputies alone.
While the deputies called to give evidence all claimed the pit was safe, miners alleged that the deputies had actively encouraged unsafe working, and many said that the deputies ignored complaints about safety. One claimed:
"If you talked to a fireman it
was like talking to a prop".
Cripps said he believed an explosion was triggered on 142's Deep near to 95's district by shot-firing near a main airway, noting that the explosion had occurred about the time the 95's night shift deputy, Sam Matthias, would have arrived at this point.
The blast had ignited a pocket of firedamp which, Cripps suggested, had accumulated in the airway because of inadequate ventilation and the lax attitude of the management to monitoring gas levels, contrary to Section 29 of the Coal Mines Act 1911.
The heart of Cripps's argument was that the mine's management had focused quite calculatedly on maximum production, and that the deputies had accordingly been encouraged to ignore safety regulations.
While the regulations also gave individual miners safety responsibility, many said in evidence that they were unwilling to speak out for fear of victimisation at the hands of the deputies, or that they would lose their jobs.
The assessor approved by the miners, Joseph Jones, also theorised that a large quantity of methane gas, which had accumulated at the coal face in the 14's district, might have been ignited through an accident with a safety lamp or from a spark from a mechanised coal-cutter.
Jones was sharply critical of the management, stating that 14's was a "veritable gasometer", that there had been "flagrant and persistent breaches of the Coal Mines Act and General Regulations" and that the deputy responsible for ordering the rescue men into 20's airway was "guilty of manslaughter".
Both Cripps and Jones suggested that the Inspectorate itself was partly culpable for the explosion through its failure to enforce the Regulations: Jones noted the inadequate work of the local and divisional inspectors, Dominy and Charlton, at Gresford in the months leading up to the disaster.
Cripps argued that the Inspectorate had an interest in turning a blind eye to safety failings. Cripps went so far as to describe Dominy's inspections as "an absolute farce", and commented that:
"It is pathetic that a person who answers
questions like that should be in charge
of the inspection of mines in a large area
of the country".
The inquest was initially adjourned on the 14th. December 1934, pending re-opening of the Dennis section to obtain further evidence. Although recovery teams wearing self-contained breathing apparatus re-entered the sealed pit in May 1935, both government inspectors and officials from the Westminster and United Collieries Group would not allow any further attempts to be made to access the Dennis section.
Evidence of 'heating' in the air samples taken beyond the stoppings, and the consequent risks of restarting fires, were cited as the reason: Walker agreed, though at the time of writing his report he commented:
"I hope that this heating will subside
in time, and that then it will be safe to
re-enter the Dennis Section".
As there were no other reports concerning the deeper parts of the section, the inquiry considered explanations presented by the legal representatives of the pit's management and by the inspectors.
The divisional inspector, Charlton, countered the miners' theories by suggesting that firedamp had actually accumulated further up the Dennis main road just beyond the Clutch. He contended that this gas was ignited at the Clutch when a telephone was used to warn miners of the influx of firedamp.
Shawcross suggested that the explosion might have been caused by the spontaneous heating of a pillar of coal, based on reports of a burning smell in the area of the Clutch prior to the disaster. Shawcross had been able to demonstrate that the evidence of the miners with respect to stone dusting on the main haulage roads was exaggerated or untrue, and used this to cast doubt on their reports of gas and dangerous shot-firing practices at the face.
The assessor chosen by the mine owners, John Brass, also argued that the explosion, judging by the positions in which the bodies of the haulage men were found, had taken place at the Clutch, and that the gas had come from a new drift being driven from there to 29's for ventilation.
Brass dismissed the miners' testimonies of poor conditions in 14's as "extravagant and contradictory", claiming that the district's high productivity would have been impossible if lamps were constantly being extinguished by gas, and stating that witnesses had claimed to smell gas when "firedamp has no smell such as has been described".
A year before the inquiry published its conclusion, coal production resumed at Gresford from the South-East Martin section in January 1936.
In 1937 the inquiry published its findings. Despite being presented with evidence of management failures, a lack of safety measures, bad working practices and poor ventilation in the pit, Walker drew very cautious conclusions about the cause in his final verdict.
This was largely because the two assessors chosen by the miners and by the pit's management, and the barristers representing them, had given widely different suggestions as to the source of the explosion; though Walker stated he had "grave suspicions" regarding shot-firing near an airway in 95's, the cause suggested by Cripps. Unusually, as neither Jones nor Brass agreed with Walker's findings, both appended individual reports to the main text.
Without any decisive evidence, Walker's conclusions did not attribute any outright blame or definitive cause for the disaster. But in a debate in the House of Commons in February 1937 following the release of Walker's report, the politician David Grenfell condemned the management of the colliery:
"The miners' testimonies has told of lamps having
been extinguished by gas, blowing the gas about
with a banjack, of protests and quarrels about firing
shots in the presence of gas.
There is no language in which one can describe the
inferno of 14's. There were men working almost stark
naked, clogs with holes bored through the bottom to
let the sweat run out, 100 shots a day fired on a face
less than 200 yards wide, the air thick with fumes and
dust from blasting, the banjack hissing to waft the gas
out of the face into the unpacked waste, a space 200
yards long and 100 yards wide above the wind road full
of inflammable gas and impenetrable for that reason".
Later in 1937, legal proceedings were started in Wrexham's petty sessions court against the pit manager, the under-manager and United & Westminster Collieries Limited, the owners of the mine.
Aside from the evidence of poor working practices, it was discovered that Bonsall had after the accident instructed an assistant surveyor, William Cuffin, to falsify records of ventilation measurements during several weeks when none had actually been taken.
However, the court dismissed most of the charges without the mine owners ever being called to give evidence. The only conviction against the management at Gresford Colliery was for inadequate record-keeping, for which Bonsall was fined £150 plus costs.
Permission to re-enter the Dennis section was never given, and no examination or inspection of the deeper parts of Dennis was ever undertaken. This decision was widely perceived by the public as a deliberate attempt by the mine owners and Inspectorate to cover up any evidence of their culpability in the cause of the explosion.
The miners' unions continued to press for entry into the sealed districts to recover bodies, with Grenfell and senior union officials including Herbert Smith and Joe Hall of the Miners' Federation of Great Britain volunteering to lead the recovery teams personally.
However the matter was finally settled when the three Gresford rescue teams themselves said they would follow the Inspectorate's advice in the matter. It is probable that resentment at the dominance of the North Wales industry by Yorkshire, represented by Smith and Hall, played a part in their decision.
Legacy of the Gresford Disaster
Bonsall was portrayed by Cripps and others as a ruthless and cynical manager, but researchers now think that he is more likely to have been "A weak man driven beyond his capabilities" whose evidence was affected by the extreme exhaustion and stress of enduring 4,000 questions and 20 hours of cross-examination at the inquiry.
One exchange between Cripps and Bonsall regarding the ventilation of 29's district largely destroyed the manager's credibility and left him in a state of near collapse.
Bonsall was, however, effectively a substitute for the real target of the miners' anger, the owners of Gresford. By contrast there was widespread sympathy for Williams, the under-manager, despite him facing equally harsh questioning from Cripps.
Williams was understood to have recognised the dangerous conditions on taking the job at Gresford, and had begun to rectify them. He also had three sons working in the pit, giving him, it was suggested, a personal interest in its safety.
Cripps used the evidence obtained at the inquiry to call for nationalisation of the coal industry. This eventually occurred in 1947 when the pit, and others like it, were taken over by the National Coal Board. As part of the takeover agreement, nearly all the operating records and correspondence relating to the private management of Gresford Colliery were deliberately destroyed by the trustee.
Gresford Colliery finally closed on economic grounds in November 1973. In the 1980's the site was redeveloped as an industrial estate. In 1982 a memorial to the victims of the disaster was erected nearby; it was constructed using a wheel from the old pit-head winding gear.
The last direct link to the disaster, Mr Eddie Edwards, who began work in the mine aged 14, and who participated in the rescue efforts, died on the 6th. January 2016, aged 102.
El culpable del tagged: www.flickr.com/photos/ppalcaide/
La foto és de Lapicero
Uf, menut marrón...
1. Alfanhuí és Alfanhuí per culpa d'un llibre de Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio que hauré re-llegit unes 30 vegades.
2. Igual que el personatge de ficció intente viure en el món real però quasi mai ho conseguix.
3. Gaudisc mirant el que siga, per això m'agrada la fotografia.
4. Gaudisc escoltant quasi de tot (depen del dia i l'estat d'ànim): sóc capaç d'emocionar-me d'igual forma amb System Of A Down que amb Manolo García o Silvio Rodríguez.
5. No domine cap materia però el poquet que sé m'agrada trasmetrer-ho...tal vegada per això sóc professor.
6. Tinc mal geni, poca corretja, però els que em coneixen saben que són xicotetes explosions en el desert que se me passen tan ràpid com arriben.
7. Tal vegada pel meu caràcter no sóc mega-popular però els amics que tinc i m'aguanten m'estimen moltíssim, quasi tant com jo a ells.
8. Per algun motiu que desconec a la gent li agrada confiar-me els seus secrets i això ens porta a la característica número 9.
9. M'implique massa amb els problemes dels demés. I la gent aludida en el punt 7 ho sap molt bé.
10. Sóc un poc exagerat amb tot. Em coneixereu perquè sempre arribe abans de temps a tots els llocs.
11. Sóc de llàgrima fàcil i de risa més fàcil encara: hi ha cançons que em banyen els ulls (Al alba, de Aute) i gent que em fa espixorrar-me només d'escoltar-la: Faemino i Cansado.
12. M'encanta caminar: amb el meu amigatxo Lapicero he corregut quasi tots els montes de la Marina Baixa.
13. M'agrada, més encara que caminar, remar amb el meu caiac... i el trobe moltíssim em falta.
14. Odie els cementeris: si algun dia em muir (cosa que no passarà perque sóc inmortal) vull que tireu les meves cendres pel retrete :-D
15. Odie que em tallen quan sóc explicant algo: allò més normal és que si ho fan deixe de parlar o canvie de tema (sóc un mala leche, vale).
16. La meva vida són les meves xiquetes, les tres ;-)
Chinpún :-)
Santo Domingo de la Calzada és una població situada al costat del riu Oja, que dóna nom a la regió, en el trajecte del camí de Santiago.
El seu nom i fundació provenen de Domingo García, després canonitzat com a Santo Domingo de la Calzada, qui creà un pont, un hospital i un alberg de peregrins, per a facilitar el seu pas cap a Santiago de Compostela, al voltant de l'any 1045.
És famosa la dita de "Santo Domingo de la Calzada, donde cantó la gallina después de asada", gràcies a un miracle atribuït al sant. En record d'aquesta llegenda es guarda permanentment a la catedral un gall i una gallina, en un galliner construït amb forja.
La Catedral va ser començada, segons els "Anales Compostelanos", l'any 1158, amb la finalitat d'acollir les restes d'un dels sants més coneguts i venerats en el Camí de Santiago, Santo Domingo de la Calzada, mort en l'any 1109.
El mestre Garçión, possiblement d'origen francès, va projectar un gran temple tardorromànic d'acord amb la importància del lloc, i del que encara es conserven importants vestigis, en concret la capçalera i el disseny de la resta del temple. Des del punt de vista arquitectònic destaca la seva estructura, amb una capçalera amb deambulatori que circumda el presbiteri, i tres capelles absidals de les que només la central és de les originals. Pel que fa a l'escultura d'aquesta part de la catedral, cal destacar per la seva importància tota la sèrie de capitells historiats del deambulatori i sobretot les quatre pilastres decorades que donen al presbiteri. En elles s'ha vist representat un arbre de Jessè destacant per la seva qualitat les imatges de la Santíssima Trinitat i d'un Rei David músic.
El cor de la catedral és una gran peça plateresca realitzada en la dècada de 1520 per Andrés de Nájera i Guillén d'Holanda, entre d'altres. La qualitat de les seves talles s'aprecia en els treballs de delicats calats o en la marqueteria dels seus setials. Els relleus de les cadires representen figures de sants i santes. Presidint, a la cadira abacial, es troba Santo Domingo. També és digne de ressenyar l'interessant programa simbòlic de tot el conjunt, reafirmat per una sèrie de sentències inscrites en molts dels respatllers.
El sepulcre de Santo Domingo de la Calzada és una obra en la qual conflueixen diversos estils per ser possiblement fruit de la unió de peces de tres sepulcres diferents. Romànica és la lauda sepulcral en la qual es representa al Sant jacent, gòtica és la taula en la qual es narren els seus miracles, i tardogòtic és el templet. Aquest va ser dissenyat per Felipe Vigarny i realitzat per Juan de Rasines en 1513.
El galliner, on s'aixopluguen el gall i la gallina com a record del famós miracle, és d'estil gòtic del segle XV.
Altres obres importants de la catedral són les capelles funeràries de Santa Teresa i de la Magdalena. La primera conté diversos sepulcres gòtics, el del centre de Pedro Suárez de Figueroa, i un bell retaule de pintura sobre taula de finals del segle XV. La segona és força menor en grandària però igualment interessant ja que és d'un estil proper al del gran escultor Felipe Vigarny. És d'estil gòtic tardà i en ella està enterrat Pedro de Carranza, maestrescola de la Catedral de Burgos. Destaca el sepulcre, la reixa i el petit retaule del pintor de l'època León Picardo.
El claustre és una obra gòtic-mudèjar en el qual destaca la sala capitular pel seu cadirat del segle XVII i per la seva enteixinat mudèjar com a sostre. S'hi exposen valuoses obres d'art com tríptics flamencs, orfebreria i altres importants peces escultòriques.
La llegenda del gall i la gallina
Al segle XIV pelegrina a Compostela Hugonell, un jove alemany de 18 anys que va acompanyat pels seus pares. En la fonda on s'allotgen treballa una noia jove que s'enamora d'ell i li requereix d'amors, al que el noi es nega. Despitada i amb ànsies de venjança, guarda al sarró del jove una copa de plata i després l'acusa de robatori.
El jove Hugonell i els seus pares es disposen a partir per seguir el pelegrinatge, quan arriba la justícia i comproven l'acusació registrant el sarró del noi. El declaren culpable i és condemnat a la forca. Els pares no poden fer res per ell més que resar a Santiago. De retorn a Alemanya, a l'acostar-se al cos penjat del seu fill per acomiadar-se senten com aquest els parla des de la forca i els diu que està viu per la gràcia del Sant.
Feliços i contents van a comunicar la notícia al corregidor que, just en aquest moment, està sopant opíparament unes aus. El corregidor naturalment es burla del que sent i llança la frase coneguda: «El vostre fill està tan viu com aquest gall i aquesta gallina que em disposava a menjar abans que em importunarais». I en aquest moment, les aus salten del plat i es posen a cantar i cloquejar alegrement.
D'aquesta llegenda va néixer la dita popular: «En Santo Domingo de la Calzada, donde cantó la gallina después de asada». Es tracta d'una llegenda molt similar a la Llegenda del Gall de Barcelos i probablement les dues tinguin un origen comú.
BRIGHTON - ON : 105654
Built 1903, by William Denny and Bros, Dumbarton (Yard # 683) as BRIGHTON
GRT : 1129 / DWT : ??
Overall Length : 83.4 metres x Beam 10.4 metres.
Machinery : 3 shafts each driven by a Parsons Steam Turbine manufactured by Parsons Marine Turbine Co. Ltd., Newcastle
Speed : 21.0 knots
History POR = Port of Registry
1903: BRIGHTON : London, Brighton & South Coast Railway Co : POR Newhaven
1910: Brighton collided with the German five-masted ship Preussen. The Preussen was badly damaged in the initial collision and, when being brought back to port by a tug, was caught in a November storm that broke both anchor chains and led to the ship sinking. The Master of the SS Brighton was found culpable for the collision and eventually committed suicide in a London pub.
1914: Converted into a troopship.
1915: Converted into a hospital Ship with capacity for 140 casualties. During her period as a hospital ship, she made 973 voyages and carried 122,636 sick and wounded men.
1920: Returned to owners and returned to service on the Newhaven – Dieppe route.
1923: BRIGHTON : Southern Railway: POR Newhaven
1930: ROUSSALKA : Walter E. Guinness, Lord Moyne : POR Newhaven
1930: Converted into a private yacht. Steam turbines were replaced by 2 x 8 Cylinder Atlas diesels on 2 shafts. One of her two funnels was removed. Speed reduced to 15 knots (max).
1933: 25 August : Wrecked after hitting Blood Slate Rock, Freaklin Island after leaving Killary Harbour in fog. The vessel slipped off the rock and sank in deep water. Lord Moyne, guests and crew escaped the sinking vessel safely.
BRIGHTON photographed taken from a postcard dated between 1915 -1919 as a hospital ship.
Ship Details : Miramar / www.clydeships.co.uk / Book : Hospital Ships by Plumridge.
Title: Barefoot In The Head
Author: Brian W. Aldiss 1925-
Type: paperback, novel
Publisher: Ace
Copyright: 1969 by author
Pages count: 280
Edition: 1st Ace
Cover artist: not credited
Publication date: June 1972
Cover Price: $.95
Magazine appearance: not listed
Comments: One of the better looking Ace covers from the 1970’s and typical of Ace not to credit the artist. The cover strongly reflects the theam and content of the book.
Culpability: All images are from publications owned of Calwalader Ringgold /\ Weazel. Image scanning, editing and compiling of bibliographic data was performed by Calwalader Ringgold /\ Weazel.
Sketches from the courtroom of the first trial of the Baltimore police officers accused of being culpable in the death of Freddie Gray. www.washingtonpost.com/news/drawing-dc-together/
The Postcard
A postally unused carte postale that was published by Lehnert & Landrock of Cairo. The card has a divided back.
Lehnert & Landrock
Lehnert & Landrock was a photographic studio run by Rudolf Franz Lehnert and Ernst Heinrich Landrock.
They were active in Tunisia and Egypt in the early 20th. century, and were noted for producing Orientalist images.
Rudolf Franz Lehnert and Ernst Heinrich Landrock produced images of North African people, landscapes, and architecture for a primarily European audience.
These images were mainly distributed in monographs, although they also produced original prints, photogravures, and lithographic postcards.
Muhammad Ali Pasha
Muhammad Ali Pasha (Arabic: محمد علي باشا), was born in Kavala on the 4th. March 1769. He was the Albanian Ottoman governor, and the de facto ruler of Egypt from 1805 to 1848.
He is considered to be the founder of modern Egypt. At the height of his rule, he controlled all of Egypt, Sudan, Hejaz and the entire Levant.
He was a military commander in an Albanian Ottoman force sent to recover Egypt from French occupation under Napoleon. Following Napoleon's withdrawal, Muhammad Ali rose to power through a series of political maneuvers, and in 1805 he was named Wāli (viceroy) of Egypt and gained the rank of Pasha.
As Wāli, Muhammad Ali attempted to modernize Egypt by instituting reforms in the military, economic and cultural spheres. He also initiated a violent purge of the Mamluks, consolidating his rule and permanently ending the Mamluk hold over Egypt.
Militarily, Muhammad Ali recaptured the Arabian territories for the sultan, and conquered Sudan on his own accord. His attempt at suppressing the Greek rebellion failed decisively, however, following an intervention by the European powers at Navarino.
In 1831, Muhammad Ali waged war against the sultan, capturing Syria, crossing into Anatolia and directly threatening Constantinople, but the European powers forced him to retreat. After a failed Ottoman invasion of Syria in 1839, he launched another invasion of the Ottoman Empire in 1840; he defeated the Ottomans again and opened the way towards a capture of Constantinople.
Faced with another European intervention, he accepted a brokered peace in 1842 and withdrew from the Levant; in return, he and his descendants were granted hereditary rule over Egypt and Sudan.
The dynasty he established ruled Egypt until the revolution of 1952 when King Farouk was overthrown by the Free Officers Movement led by Mohamed Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser, establishing the Republic of Egypt.
-- The Death of Muhammad Ali
Muhammad Ali died at the age of 80 on the 2nd. August 1849 in the Ras el-Tin Palace, Alexandria. He was laid to rest at the Mosque of Muhammad Ali that he had commissioned himself.
Despite all that Muhammad Ali had done for Egypt, the immediate reaction to his death was noticeably low key, thanks in no small part to the contempt the new wāli Abbas Pasha had always felt towards his grandfather.
Eyewitness British consul John Murray wrote:
"The the ceremonial of the funeral was a most meagre,
miserable affair; the diplomatic Consular was not invited
to attend, and neither the shops nor the Public offices
were closed.
In short, a general impression prevails that Abbas Pasha
has shown a culpable lack of respect for the memory of
his illustrious grandfather, in allowing his obsequies to be
conducted in so paltry a manner, and in neglecting to
attend them in person.
The attachment and veneration of all classes in Egypt
for the name of Muhammad Ali are prouder obsequies
than any of which it was in the power of his successor
to confer.
The old inhabitants remember and talk of the chaos and
anarchy from which he rescued this country; the younger
compare his energetic rule with the capricious, vacillating
government of his successor.
All classes, whether Turk, or Arab, not only feel, but do not
hesitate to say openly that the prosperity of Egypt has died
with Muhammad Ali. In truth my Lord, it cannot be denied,
that Muhammad Ali, notwithstanding all his faults, was a
great man."
The Great Mosque of Muhammad Ali Pasha
The Great Mosque of Muhammad Ali Pasha (Arabic: مسجد محمد علي) is a mosque situated in the Citadel of Cairo in Egypt. It was commissioned by Muhammad Ali Pasha between 1830 and 1848.
Situated on the summit of the citadel, this Ottoman mosque, the largest to be built in the first half of the 19th. century, is, with its animated silhouette and twin minarets, the most visible mosque in Cairo.
The mosque was built in memory of Tusun Pasha, Muhammad Ali's eldest son, who died in 1816.
This mosque, along with the citadel, is one of the landmarks and tourist attractions of Cairo, and is one of the first features to be seen when approaching the city from any direction.
-- History of the Mosque
The mosque was built on the site of old Mamluk buildings in Cairo's Citadel between 1830 and 1848, although it was not fully completed until the reign of Said Pasha in 1857.
The architect was Yusuf Boshnak from Istanbul, and its model was the Sultan Ahmed Mosque in that city. The ground on which the mosque was erected was built with debris from the earlier buildings of the Citadel.
Before completion of the mosque, the alabastered panels from the upper walls were taken away and used for the palaces of Abbas I. The stripped walls were then clad with wood painted to look like marble.
In 1899, the mosque showed signs of cracking, and some inadequate repairs were undertaken. The condition of the mosque became so dangerous that a complete scheme of restoration was ordered by King Fuad in 1931, and was finally completed under King Farouk in 1939.
Muhammad Ali Pasha was buried in a tomb carved from Carrara marble, in the courtyard of the mosque. His body was transferred here from Hosh al-Basha in 1857.
-- Architecture of the Mosque
Muhammad Ali chose to build his state mosque entirely in the architectural style of his former overlords, the Ottomans, unlike the Mamluks who, despite their political submission to the Ottomans, stuck to the architectural styles of the previous Mamluk dynasties.
The mosque was built with a central dome surrounded by four small and four semicircular domes. It was constructed in a square plan measuring 41x41 meters.
The central dome is 21 meters in diameter and the height of the building is 52 meters. Two elegant cylindrical minarets of Turkish type with two balconies and conical caps are situated on the western side of the mosque, and rise to 82 meters.
The use of this style, combined with the presence of two minarets and multiple half-domes surrounding the central dome — features reserved for mosques built on the authority of the Sultan — were a defiant declaration of de facto Egyptian independence.
The main material is limestone, probably sourced from the Great Pyramids of Giza, but the lower storey and forecourt is tiled with alabaster up to 11.3 meters.
The external facades are severe and angular, and rise about four storeys up to the level of the lead-covered domes.
The mihrab on the southeastern wall is three storeys high and covered with a semicircular dome. A mihrab is a niche in the wall of a mosque, at the point nearest to Mecca, towards which the congregation faces to pray.
There are two arcades on the second storey, rising on columns and covered with domes. The forecourt measures 50x50 meters. It is enclosed by arched riwaks rising on pillars and covered by domes. A riwak or riwaq is an arcade or portico (if in front of an entrance) open on at least one side. It is an architectural design element in Islamic architecture and Islamic garden design.
A riwak often serves as the transition space between interior and outdoor spaces. As portico or arcade structure, it provides shade in hot climates, and cover from rain.
The interior of the mosque gives a great feeling of space. The use of two levels of domes gives a much greater sense of space than there actually is. The central dome rises on four arches standing on colossal piers, and there are four semicircular domes around the central dome. There are also four smaller domes on the corners. The domes are painted and embellished with motifs in relief.
-- The Tower Clock
There is a monumental tower clock in the middle of the northwestern riwak, which was presented to Muhammad Ali by King Louis Philippe of France around 1836–1840. The clock was reciprocated with the obelisk of Luxor now standing in Place de la Concorde in Paris.
It is a very simple tower clock with three trains, and no remontoire. A remontoire (from the French remonter, meaning 'to wind') is a small secondary source of power, a weight or spring, which runs the timekeeping mechanism and is itself periodically rewound by the timepiece's main power source, which is a mainspring.
People across the developed world face huge hikes in power prices over the coming winter. These range from 4% in France but the EU average is somewhere in the region of 40%. In the UK, however, the riss is somewhere in the region of 400%. Yes, 400%! This is scandalous and we can't rely on the politicians (who are culpable for designing such an egregious system) to do anything about it. People will have to take action themselves. I support that. The meek don't inherit the earth.
"Peachtree Burning" Documentary Filmakers Site Regarding the Winecoff Hotel Fire
Dawn Fields: Producer/Director/Editor
Dawn Fields has worked in production, post-production, development and acquisitions for several Los Angeles based production/distribution companies and has aquired many producer, production coordinator, assistant director and editor credits on features, shorts, and documentaries.
Ms. Fields has written, produced and directed her own projects including dramatic shorts, award-winning music videos, feature films, documentaries and regional Lottery commercials. She self-published a trade magazine for filmmakers, teaches filmmaking seminars and has several features and documentaries in various stages of production
See Ms. Field's text below:
The Winecoff Hotel's Origins
Built in 1913 by renowned architect, William Lee Stoddard, the Winecoff Hotel was Atlanta's tallest and most luxurious hotel. Standing fifteen stories tall with an open-air terrace dining room, coffee shop and lounge, the hotel was strategically located in the heart of Atlanta's retail district. According to their stationery, the hotel was advertised as being absolutely fireproof, even though it was designed without fire alarms, fire escapes or a sprinkler system.
The Night of The Fire
On December 7, 1946, the hotel was filled to capacity with over two hundred and eighty guests including shoppers, travelers, World War II soldiers eager to rebuild their lives, and forty of Georgia's most promising high school students who had come to attend a mock legislation. And even though the five year anniversary of Pearl Harbor Day was somberly approaching, Christmas was just around the corner and there was a sense of hope and excitement in the winter air.
Around three o'clock in the morning, the elevator operator, descending from the top floor, noticed the smell of smoke around the fifth floor. Panicked, she stumbled out of the elevator upon reaching the lobby and began screaming, "Fire! Fire!" Unbeknownst to her, the fire had already completely engulfed floors three, four and five. For employees of the hotel and the guests who were awake, realization and reaction would come quickly. But for the guests who were asleep, survival would come at a much higher price. Before dawn, a total of one hundred and nineteen lives would be lost.
The Tragedy of The Hotel's Design
One of the most critical factors contributing to this staggering loss of life was the design of the building itself. Based on "European" design, the hotel was a perfect square with the stairwell and elevator shafts running straight through the middle. Thin wooden doors leading to the stairwells had been left open on several floors as well as many transoms above guest rooms allowing smoke and flames to be pulled upward like a giant chimney. When the only means of egress became impassable, guests were forced to the windows of their rooms, where they were met with precious few choices. Many fashioned sheet ropes, while others doused their rooms and themselves with toilet and bath water. Others simply awaited their fates in hopeless silence.
Firefighting Efforts
By the time fire trucks arrived, many guests were already on the verge of jumping and many lept to their deaths moments before ladders reached their windows. Fear had reached such a fevered pitch that panic-strickened guests became desperate, and nothing short of a human rain shower ensued. Several firefighters fell to their deaths or were injured after being knocked off their ladders by falling bodies. Mothers hurled their babies from windows only to follow them to their deaths.
Rescue efforts were further hindered by the geographic location of the building. The Mortgage Guarantee Building sat opposite the hotel with only about six feet of alley between them. This prevented any kind of rescue from the firetrucks. But perhaps the most unfortunate limitation came from the trucks themselves. Back then, fire trucks were outfitted with ladders that could only reach as high as the seventh floor.
Eighty percent of the fatalities were guests who were staying above the eighth floor and on the back side of the building. It was reported that thirty-six people died from falling or jumping, thirty-two burned and forty-one suffocated from smoke and fumes. Perhaps the most tragic of these victims were the thirty teenage children who lost their lives and the elderly Winecoffs, who had resided in the hotel since its inception.
The Investigation: Accident or Arson?
By the time Mayor Hartsfield arrived at the location, nothing remained but smoldering embers and the smell of burnt flesh. The brick exterior was still intact, but the hollow shell of its inside told a different and tragic story. According to a report filed by the National Board of Underwriters, a partially burned mattress found in a hallway on the third floor gave rise to the conclusion that a careless and possibly intoxicated guest dropped a cigarette onto it, thus starting the fire.
Pressured by public outcry for culpability, and anxious to prove himself as "the mayor who cares", Hartsfield invited fire experts from across the country to conduct their own investigations. Many of these experts were convinced that due to the massive devastation, the intensity of the fire's heat and the speed at which it accelerated, a smoldering mattress could not possibly have been the cause. Several arson theories emerged including an illegal poker game on the third floor that spun out of control. But the press and the public in general were more concerned about why an "absolutely fireproof" hotel lacked fire escapes, a sprinkler system and fire alarms and less concerned with theories of arson. They demanded answers from the hotel's owners and operators.
Families and Survivors File Suit
In 1948, the first of over one hundred and fifty lawsuits came to trial against the Winecoff Hotel Company. The plaintiffs' lawyers hoped to prove that the hotel owner and the hotel operators were negligent in not providing adequate fire safety devices. The defendants' attorneys were charged with proving arson, thereby absolving their clients of liability and relieving their insurance companies of paying the huge claim. In the end, however, no arson theory could be substantiated, and only the hotel operators, not it's owner were found to be liable. Although the plaintiffs were awarded over $3.5 million in damages, the hotel operators were only insured for $350,000 and most of the families received less than $1,000 each.
The Fire's Effect On Fire Safety Codes
Because the building had a brick exterior, the owners were able, under certain insurance provisions, to classify the hotel as "fireproof" even though it was not fitted with fire escapes, fire sprinklers nor an alarm system. Indeed, the exterior did not burn in the fire, but the contents did. The furniture, carpet, hallways, wainscoting and painted walls were highly flammable. Even the stairwells were constructed of wood and became impassible when the fire chose this as its main route of destruction.
Up until the time of the Winecoff fire, no national codes had been required and decisions about fire safety were left to the discretion of local city officials, . Mayor Hartsfield had once argued that Atlanta property owners should be spared the hassle of retrofitting existing buildings in order to bring them up to code due to the enormous expense involved. He reasoned, "Why should we make it safe in Atlanta when Atlantans going to other towns would be in the same danger?" His position was quite popular with the property owners.
As a result of the Winecoff disaster, many fire officials became enraged and cried, "Never again!" It was determined that local officials could not be relied upon to make responsible decisions about fire safety, and national safety codes were established and strictly enforced. The response to this tragedy was so intense that officials in several southern cities ordered all existing buildings be retrofitted and brought up to code within seven days or be shut down. It is a testament to the effectiveness of these newly enforced codes that in this country there has never been a hotel fire since in which so many lost their lives.
The Winecoff After The Fire
In April of 1951, the hotel reopened as the Peachtree on Peachtree Hotel, complete with fire alarms and fire escapes. But competing hotels were cropping up all around Atlanta's retail district and by 1967, with no buyers in sight, the hotel was donated to the Georgia Baptist Convention who used it as housing for the elderly. In 1981, the hotel was sold to a real estate conglomerate and would pass through the hands of no less a dozen more buyers over the next twenty five years. Each had high hopes but no solid deal to resurrect the hotel ever materialized. Today, in 2005, the hotel remains an eyesore and a thorn in the side of a city whose officials would have demolished it decades ago if it did not reside above the city's railway system, preventing it from being imploded. To this day, the building stands as a hollowed-out shell reminding us of the tragedy that occurred there. The curse of the Winecoff Hotel solidly remains and many local merchants claim that the building is haunted, having seen ghosts puttering about on more than on occasion.
The Winecoff Hotel Fire of 1946 held the unenviable honor of being known as the deadliest hotel fire in the world and maintained that title until 1971 when one hundred and sixty-two people lost their lives in a hotel fire in Seoul, South Korea. The Winecoff remains, to this day, the worst hotel fire in American history. The fate of this once glamorous and celebrated hotel is unclear, but one thing is certain, it must never be forgotten.
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Arnold Hardy was a 26-year-old graduate student at Georgia Tech the night he heard the sirens roaring downtown from all directions. It was 1946, and he was living upstairs in a rooming house at West Peachtree and North Avenue, within walking distance of Tech, where he was working in both the research lab and physics department.
Hardy was still up at 4 o'clock on the morning of Dec. 7. After taking his date home in Buckhead, he had waited an hour for a trolley back to town. He had just taken his shoes off when he heard the sirens. An amateur photographer, he hurriedly called the fire department.
"Press photographer. Where's the fire?" he asked
"Winecoff Hotel."
Hardy called a taxi. The cab picked him up and raced toward the corner of Peachtree and Ellis. With his prized Speed Graphic camera and five flashbulbs in his pocket, Hardy sprinted the final blocks.
He was the first photographer there.
The windows of the 15-story Winecoff Hotel were backlit by orange flames. Guests--jumping out of panic or falling from makeshift ropes of bedsheets as they tried to escape the terrible smoke--were landing and dying on Peachtree Street. Amid the pandemonium and a cacophony of sirens, Hardy went to work. He took a shot that spanned the front of the building and the faces of the doomed in the windows--the mutely pleading, hopeless faces.
When he was down to his final flashbulb--one had exploded in the cold night air--Hardy decided to try for a picture of a falling or jumping guest. When his viewfinder found a dark-haired woman falling midair at the third floor, her skirt billowing, he snapped the shutter open for 1/400th of a second.
With his photography completed, Hardy heard a fireman and policeman at a drugstore across the street discussing calling the store owner so they could obtain medical supplies. He told them to break the door open. When they said they wouldn't he kicked it open himself. He was quickly arrested.
As the Red Cross moved into the store to set up a first-aid station and make sandwiches and coffee for the firemen, Hardy was led off to jail. Upon being released on his own recognizance, he headed for the darkroom at the Tech research search lab. He developed his film and struck out for the Associated Press office downtown.
The AP offered him $150 for exclusive rights to his pictures. He said he wanted $300--and got it. His final photograph--the one of the jumping woman--would be reprinted around the world the following day, and be on magazine covers for weeks. The fire had killed 119 people and drawn international coverage as the worst hotel fire in the history of the world. A few months later, Hardy became the first amateur photographer to win the Pulitzer Prize.
The AP gave Hardy a $200 bonus the day after the fire, but he has never received another cent for its frequent use. With the 47th anniversary of the Winecoff fire approaching, Hardy's famous photograph is back in the spotlight. It appears on the cover of The Winecoff Fire: The Untold Story of America 's Deadliest Hotel Fire.
The book reports for the first time that the fire was set by an arsonist. It also identifies the "jumping lady" for the first time. She was Daisy McCumber, a 41-year-old Atlanta secretary who--contrary to countless captions--survived the 11-story jump. She broke both legs, her back, and her pelvis. She underwent seven operations in 10 years and lost a leg, but then worked until retirement. She died last year in Jacksonville Fla., having never admitted even to family that she was the woman in Hardy's photo.
Hardy's Photo:
www.apug.org/forums/blogs/two40/91-week-5-pulitzer-1946-w...
The book also tells the dramatic story of James D. "Jimmy" Cahill, IM '48, who became one of the fire's heroes. Cahill, now retired from an academic career in Charlotte, N.C., had returned from the service and was staying at the hotel while applying to re-enter Georgia Tech. After escaping from the front side of the hotel, he raced around to the back to rescue his mother.
Cahill entered an adjacent building and stretched a board across a 10-foot alley to his mother's sixth-floor room. He crawled across the board and brought his mother to safety. Firemen quickly followed his lead and, with Cahill's help, rescued many guests who had no other escape from the backside of the hotel.
Hardy, a mechanical engineer, retired earlier this year, and sold Hardy Manufacturing Co. of Decatur, builder of medical X-ray equipment to his son. He retired from amateur photography decades earlier, shortly after realizing his photos would always be measured against his Pulitzer Prize winner. Hardy's goal that night had been to capture the futility of the whole scene before him. "It upset me so much that of all those trucks--there there were about 18 in the front of the building--I saw only two nets," he said. "I thought to myself, 'I'd love to take a picture that would just stir up the public to where they would do something about this and equip every truck in the city with a net.'"
Hardy's horrifying photo accomplished much more.
The Winecoff did not have fire escapes, fire doors, or sprinklers, yet had called itself fireproof. Quickly, fire codes changed nationwide. The Winecoff became a watershed event in the history of fire safety. The 119 did not die in vain--their deaths made hotels safer for Americans then and now. And the work Hardy did one night as a 26-year-old graduate student was one of the main reasons.
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Arnold Hardy, Dies at age 85
Arnold Hardy, 85, took Pulitzer-winning photo
By KAY POWELL
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
Published on: 12/07/07
Arnold Hardy, the first amateur photographer to win the Pulitzer Prize, was a reluctant celebrity.
His photograph of a woman plunging from a window of the burning Winecoff Hotel on Dec. 7, 1946, is the defining image of the nation's deadliest hotel fire.
Arnold Hardy's photo prompted improvements in fire codes.
Hardy's Pulitzer-winning photo of a woman falling from an upper floor of the hotel. The woman survived and was identified in photos as Daisy McCumber.
For Mr. Hardy, then a 24-year-old Georgia Tech graduate student and lab assistant, the photograph, the publicity and the Pulitzer Prize were bittersweet, said his son Glen Hardy of Decatur.
"He stood on the sidewalk and watched people plummet to their deaths," his son said. "He had almost a post-traumatic response to that.
"It wasn't just a lucky snapshot," his son said. "It was technically a very complicated photograph to take. He had to consider lighting, temperature. He was working hard to get that photograph, to capture a moving object in pitch black darkness. He tweaked his camera to its limits."
Not long after, Mr. Hardy turned down a job from the Associated Press, married and founded a business that designs and manufactures X-ray equipment.
"The only pictures I've taken since then," Mr. Hardy said in a 2000 Atlanta Journal-Constitution article, "have been family and vacations."
Mr. Hardy, 85, of Stone Mountain died at Emory University Hospital Wednesday of complications following hip surgery. The funeral is at 2 p.m. today &madah;the anniversary of the fire— at A.S. Turner & Sons.
Mr. Hardy had earned his degree in physics, and photography was his hobby. He bought a $200 Speed Graphic that folded into a box carrying case. To pay for it, he thought he could earn freelance money shooting Tech athletic events.
On that fateful Saturday, he returned to his Midtown rooming house about 3 a.m. after a date. He heard sirens screaming, called the fire department to get the location, grabbed his camera and headed to the Peachtree Street hotel where 280 guests were registered.
He had five flashbulbs, four after one of them burst from the cold. He took three pictures. Then, with his final flash bulb, he trained his lens on the mezzanine where bodies were bouncing on the awning and striking the marquee. He noticed a woman who was trying to climb down a rope and lost her grip, the article said.
Mr. Hardy captured her fall, her dress flying above her head and her white underpants stark against the hotel. He developed his film at Tech, and it was about 6 a.m. when he saw the image of the woman in free fall. He called AP and sold the picture for $300.
Mr. Hardy continued his freelance photography until an industrial fire led him to retire his press card. "I went out there and hung around a while; there wasn't anything worth shooting," he said. "But the next day my picture appeared in the paper with some caption about the Winecoff photographer looking for another prize." Mr. Hardy did not want people to think of him as some kind of ambulance-chaser.
He used the Speed Graphic only for personal photographs until the camera was stolen in the 1970s, his son said. After that, "he would find some old camera at a garage sale for $3 and take it apart and fix it and take a few pictures with it, then get another one."
Mr. Hardy was a perfectionist, and that influenced his career making X-Ray equipment. He spent so much time perfecting his designs and equipment, he had to sell to high-end businesses such as medical equipment suppliers or airlines, said his son, who bought Hardy Manufacturing Co. in Decatur from his father.
"He always was designing or building some piece of medical equipment or a treehouse for me," he said. After retiring in 1987, Mr. Hardy, who enjoyed sailing, designed and began building a mini-houseboat but never launched it.
"One thing he took great pride in," his son said, "is that after his photograph was published worldwide, fire codes were changed all over the country and maybe the world."
Survivors include his wife, Lorraine Hardy; a daughter, Nancy Cooper of Stockbridge; three stepsons, John F. Weber III of Stockbridge, Warren D. Weber of Seattle and Keith D. Weber of Austin, Texas; five grandchildren and six great-grandchildren.
En el caso Celebgate el segundo acusado se declara culpable iphonedigital.es/celebgate-fotos-phishing-segundo-acusado...
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 5684/1, 1930-1931. Photo: Harlip, Berlin.
German actor Paul Henckels (1885-1967) appeared in over 230 films, often as a supporting actor. He played in films by directors like Fritz Lang, Jacques Feyder, and G.W. Pabst. He also worked as a stage actor, a stage director, and as a theatre manager.
Paul Henckels was born in 1885 in Hürth, near Köln (Cologne), Germany. His father was the industrialist and painter Paul Abraham Henckels and his mother was the actress Cäcilia Warszawska. Paul studied from 1905 till 1907 at the Hochschule für Bühnenkunst at the Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus. He made his first stage appearance in Kotzebue’s Die deutschen Kleinstädter; and was a great success in the title role of Schneider Wibbel (1913), written by his school buddy Hans Müller-Schlösser. The great Max Reinhardt invited him in 1920 to come to Berlin. In 1921, Henckels was a co-founder and the artistic director of the Schlosspark-Theater in Berlin. Here he appeared in 1922 as Molière’s Der Geizige/The Miser. He later would work for the Volksbühne, Deutschen Theater, and many other Berlin stages. From 1936 till 1945 he was engaged at the prestigious Preußischen Staatstheater in Berlin under intendant Gustaf Gründgens. In 1921 film star Henny Porten discovered him for the cinema. After a minor part as "O. Henckels" in Das Geheimnis der sechs Spielkarten, 5. Teil – Herz König (1921), Porten gave him the male lead as the evil antagonist Jasper in Das Geheimnis von Brinkenhof (Svend Gade, 1923).
Among his other silent films are INRI (Robert Wiene, 1923) with Porten, Staatsanwalt Jordan (Karl Gerhardt, 1926) with Hans Mierendorff, Thérèse Raquin (Jacques Feyder, 1928) starring Gina Manès, Der Biberpelz/The Beaver Fur (Erich Schönfelder, 1928) opposite La Jana, Die große Liebe (Revolutionshochzeit) (A.W. Sandberg, 1928) with Diomira Jacobini and Karina Bell, Ariadne in Hoppegarten (Robert Dinesen, 1928) with Maria Jacobini, Der Unüberwindliche (Max Obal, 1928) with Luciano Albertini, Geschlecht in Fesseln (Wilhelm Dieterle, 1928), § 173 St.G.B. Blutschande/Culpable Marriages (James Bauer, 1929), and the Henny Porten films Liebfraumlich (Carl Froehlich, 1928-29) and Mutterliebe (Georg Jacoby, 1929). When the sound film was near at hand he was enthusiastic about the idea of a talking picture. He worked at the ‘practice of the sound film actor’, and directed a short film, Paul Graets als Berliner Zeitungsjunge (1929). The early sound film offered him leading parts in such films as Skandal um Eva/Scandal Around Eva (Georg Wilhelm Pabst, 1930) starring Henny Porten, Er und sein Diener/He and His Servant (Steve Sekely, 1931), and Flachsmann als Erzieher/Flachsmann as Educator (Carl Heinz Wolff, 1930) opposite Charlotte Ander. He directed himself in Schneider Wibbel/Tailor Wibbel (Paul Henckels, 1931).
Typical for Paul Henckels film characters is their accent and humour from the Rhineland region. He often played cranky and stubborn fellows. Among his films were Das Testament des Dr. Mabuse/ The Testament of Dr. Mabuse (Fritz Lang, 1933), Ein idealer Gatte/An Ideal Husband (Herbert Selpin, 1935) starring Brigitte Helm; Napoleon ist an allem Schuld/Napoleon is to Blame for Everything (Curt Goetz, 1938), Der Maulkorb/The Muzzle (Erich Engel, 1938) and Zwei in einer großen Stadt/Two in a Big City (Volker von Collande, 1942). Unforgettable was his character Professor Bommel in Die Feuerzangenbowle (Helmut Weiss, 1944). This is the second film version of Heinrich Spoerl's novel about pupils playing various tricks and jokes on their teachers. The twist in the story is the leader of the pack, the major cause of the teachers' headaches: Johannes Pfeiffer (Heinz Rühmann) is not a real pupil at all. He is a successful playwright with a Ph.D. One evening at the pub his friends discover that he never went to a school but was educated privately. The stories of their boyhood years persuade him to see for himself and 'be a boy again'. The film was made in 1944, so it is a bit astonishing that the Nazi censors were prepared to pass a film with such an anti-authoritarian message. Die Feuerzangenbowle is very well made and today enjoys a cult status in Germany.
Paul Henckels’ first post-war film was Wozzeck (Georg C. Klaren, 1947), based on the famous play by Georg Büchner. In this early DEFA production he played a cold and cynically experimenting doctor. His later roles were more stereotypical characters. To his last films belong Pension Schöller (Georg Jacoby, 1952) starring Camilla Spira, Hollandmädel (J. A. Hübler-Kahla, 1953), Staatsanwältin Corda/Prosecutor Corda (Karl Ritter, 1954), Kirschen in Nachbars Garten/Cherries in the Neighbour’s Garden (Erich Engels, 1956), and Bekenntnisse des Hochstaplers Felix Krull/Confessions of Felix Krull (Kurt Hoffmann, 1957) featuring Horst Buchholz. He focussed on his stage work and did recital tours, performing Wilhelm Busch and German classics. During the 1950s and 1960s he also appeared often on TV, like in Die fröhliche Weinrunde/The Cheerful Wine Bout with singer Margit Schramm, and in Nachsitzen für Erwachsene/Detention for Adults as a professor, who explained interesting phenomenons for a class with four adults (among them was film actor Hans Richter). In 1962 he was awarded the Filmband in Gold for his longtime and important contributions to the German cinema. Paul Henckels died in 1967 in Kettwig, now Essen. He was married with actress Thea Grodtzinsky. His first wife was Cecilia Brie, a former actress, with whom he had three children.
Sources: Thomas Staedeli (Cyranos), Stephanie D'heil (Steffi-line.de), Wikipedia, Filmportal.de, and IMDb.
And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.
FATALITY AT THE HOSPITAL
DEATH OF A PATIENT.
A patient named Robert Muir, about 50 years, was accidentally killed at the Auckland Hospital last night. He fell or jumped out of one of the Hospital windows about 8 p.m., and sustained such injuries that he shortly expired. He was a wheelwright of Kyber Pass Road, who has a shop opposite Seccombe's brewery. He had been ill for some time, and it is supposed that in some way he eluded the vigilance of those in charge and jumped out of the window. An inquest was proceeding at the Hospital this afternoon, Sergeant Treanor being in charge.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS18990623.2.91
THE HOSPITAL ACCIDENT
THE INQUIRY.
After we went to press yesterday afternoon the following evidence was taken at the inquiry into the recent fatality at the Auckland Hospital, whereby Robert Muir lost his life: —
William Elwin, a patient in the Hospital, said that Nurse Pascoe left the ward and went into the pantry just before the accident occurred. Witness went out of the ward about two minutes after her, and shut the door behind him. This was the time the nurses generally got the drinks ready for the patients before nurses were changed. Witness went out of the building and down the steps, to go to the fever wards, and just then he heard glass breaking and a thud, and saw someone lying on the ground. A nurse came to the man's assistance, and he was then taken away on a stretcher. He had previously noticed nothing peculiar in Muir's demeanour. There was nothing to suggest that he was deranged or delirious.
Dr. J. H. Neil, assistant medical officer, stated that he saw Muir on Thursday afternoon. Mrs Muir was there. She was much distressed, and said that deceased wished to leave the Hospital. He told her that her husband could not leave without permission of the hon. physician, and that he would not leave without her being apprised of his discharge. There was nothing extraordinary in the conduct of Mr Muir. He said that there was no power to keep him in the Hospital. Mrs Muir made no suggestion of her husband being delirious, or that he wanted special watchfulness. Witness did not remember Mrs Muir's inquiry as to deceased's condition. He did not say that deceased was not seriously ill. Witness next saw Muir at about 7.45 p.m., when making his night round. He asked if he were getting on all right, and received an affirmative reply. When witness heard of the fatality he had not the slightest, idea of the identity of the man till he saw him in the operating theatre.
Nurse Lennard, charge nurse of No. 2 ward, deposed that she was on duty on the night of the fatality, which took place at about eight o'clock. He had dressed himself in the afternoon with the idea of going home. Witness accompanied Dr. Neil on his night rounds in No. 2 ward and the special ward, leaving Nurse Pascoe on duty. She was absent from No. 2 ward about five minutes, and returned to the ward before the accident. Shortly afterwards she went into an an adjacent room to write her report. Nurse Pascoe being then in the ward. Immediately after leaving the ward she heard a crash a.nd then rushed into the ward. She saw the patient's feet disappear through the window when she reached the foot of the bed. She did not see Nurse Pascoe on her return to the ward.
Nurse Pascoe stated that she was on duty on Thursday last from 3 to 8 p.m. Mrs Muir spoke to her, and said that her husband was light-headed, and that he wanted to go home. The patient did not give any trouble or make any complaints. At Nurse Lennard's instructions she brought Dr. Neil to see the patients at 7.50 p.m. She went through the ward to the pantry. Deceased was then sitting up on his pillows, and she put him down in the bed. He was then quite calm. She had just got to the pantry when she heard a crash. When Mrs Muir spoke to her in the afternoon she said that her husband was light-headed, and that he had said that they were going to kill all the old people off.
Edward Wolstenhohne, porter, deposed that he picked up deceased and carried him to the operating theatre.
Mrs Muir, widow of deceased, stated that her husband entered the Hospital at his own desire. When witness called on the Thursday he took no notice of her. She heard him make some rambling remarks, and he was apparently light-headed. He was aroused by her voice, and asked her to have him taken home. Witness told Nurse Pascoe the condition of her husband, and after she had seen him a doctor was sent for. Mr Muir said that he must go home, and the doctor soothed him, afterwards telling witness that he was not well enough to go home. Dr. Neil did not say that there was nothing much the matter with her husband.
This being all the evidence, the inquiry was adjourned till the ordinary meeting of the Board on Monday, when a decision will be given.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS18990629.2.43
An inquiry was held yesterday afternoon at the hospital, into the circumstances surrounding the death of Robert Aluir, a patient. who jumped from one of the windows of No. 2 ward on the 22nd inst., and died on the following day. The inquiry was conducted before the Hospital and Charitable Aid Board, and evidence was given by the nurses in change of the ward, Dr. Neil, and two patients who saw the occurrence. The decision of the Board will be given at their meeting on Monday next. Mrs. Muir, the widow has been left in very straitened circumstances. She has a large family to provide for, and an effort is being made to assist her. A subscription list has been opened at the Great Northern Brewery.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH18990629.2.20
THE HOSPITAL FATALITY.
DEATH OF A PATIENT
VERDICT OF "TEMPORARY INSANITY."
An inquest was held at the Auckland Hospital yesterday afternoon into the circumstances attending the death of Robert Muir, a patient 51 years of age, who threw himself out of a window of ward two, on the northern side of the Hospital. Muir leaves a wife and family who live in Kyber Pass Road. Dr. Philson conducted the inquest.
Arthur Cash, carter, of Vincent Lane, and at present a patient at the hospital, was the first witness. He said that on Thursday evening, at 8 o'clock, he was in bed in No. 2 ward, on the northern side, opposite to deceased. Muir had been in bed, but witness saw him rise up and break a large pane of glass in one of the windows. He (deceased) then stood on a box, got through the broken window, and stood on the windowsill outside. A patient named Wilson tried to lay hold of him, but failed, and deceased jumped down on to the asphalt below, a distance of some 30ft. Witness heard no sound, nor did he see deceased afterwards. He did not know deceased, had never spoken to him, nor did he know the nature of his disease. Deceased had been in the hospital but three or four days. Witness did not consider him a troublesome patient or think that he required special watching. He did not see who was attending to deceased particularly, there being three female nurses in the No. 2 ward. There were no nurses in the ward at the time, one having just left about two minutes before the occurrence. The gas was lighted in the ward.
Dr. James Hardie Neil, house physician, stated that deceased had been admitted to the hospital with a letter from Dr. Hooper, to the effect that he was suffering from heart disease and pneumonia—this was on June 10. On examination, the heart was shown to be very week, and deceased, though quite rational, complained bitterly of shortness of breath and want of sleep. Under treatment Muir improved somewhat, and on the 22nd expressed a wish to go home to his wife and family, but was informed that he was not fit to go. Witness visited the ward on the evening of the occurrence, left it at ten minutes to eight, and a few minutes later was informed that a patient had thrown himself out of the window of No. 2 ward. Witness went down and found deceased in the operating room. He was alive, and showed only a few scratches on his hips, there being no other wounds or fractures. Deceased spoke deliriously, and was evidently in great pain. He was treated at once for shock, and witness sent for Dr. Haines, hon. surgeon, who was almost immediately in attendance, but found no injury but those mentioned. The patient did fairly well up to four o'clock on the morning of the 23rd, when he died in the presence of two of the nurses. Witness opened the body, and found a flabby, dilated heart. The cause of death was heart disease, accelerated by shock from falling from a height of 25ft.
The nurses not having witnessed the occurrence, no further evidence was called.
The jury returned a verdict to the effect that deceased had died from heart disease, accelerated by shock through jumping from a window while temporarily, insane.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS18990624.2.30
Another effort is being made to assist Mrs, Muir, the widow of the man who jumped out of the hospital window and was killed. Mr. Quinlan, of the Edinburgh Castle Hotel, is organising a benefit social on her behalf. She is left with four children in straitened circumstances.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH18990701.2.23
Was it Culpable Neglect?
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/TO18990701.2.5
No blame attached to the offficials
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS18990703.2.53
Plot 8: Robert Coran Muir (52) 1899 – Coach Builder – Jumped out of Hospital window
ROBERT CORAN
MUIR
of Wigtownshire
Scotland
died 23rd June
1899
If you are worried about your or someone else's mental health, the best place to get help is your GP or local mental health provider. However, if you or someone else is in danger or endangering others, call police immediately on 111.
Or if you need to talk to someone else:
1737, Need to talk? Free call or text 1737 any time for support from a trained counsellor
Lifeline – 0800 543 354 or (09) 5222 999 within Auckland
Samaritans – 0800 726 666
Suicide Crisis Helpline – 0508 828 865 (0508 TAUTOKO)
thelowdown.co.nz – or email team@thelowdown.co.nz or free text 5626
Anxiety New Zealand – 0800 ANXIETY (0800 269 4389)
Supporting Families in Mental Illness – 0800 732 825
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesses_IX
Neferkare Setepenre Ramesses IX (also written Ramses) (originally named Amon-her-khepshef Khaemwaset) (ruled 1129–1111 BC) was the eighth pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt. He was the third longest serving king of this Dynasty after Ramesses III and Ramesses XI. He is now believed to have assumed the throne on I Akhet day 21 based on evidence presented by Jürgen von Beckerath in a 1984 GM article. According to Papyrus Turin 1932+1939, Ramesses IX enjoyed a reign of 18 years and 4 months and died in his 19th Year in the first month of Peret between day 17 and 27. His throne name, Neferkare Setepenre, means "Beautiful Is The Soul of Re, Chosen of Re." Ramesses IX is believed to be the son of Mentuherkhepeshef, a son of Ramesses III, since Mentuherkhopshef's wife, the lady Takhat bears the prominent title of King's Mother on the walls of tomb KV10, which she usurped and reused in the late 20th Dynasty; no other 20th Dynasty king is known to have had a mother with this name. Ramesses IX was, therefore, probably a grandson of Ramesses III.
His reign is best known for the year 16 and year 17 tomb robbery trials, recorded in the Abbott Papyrus, the Leopold II-Amherst Papyrus, Papyrus BM 10054 and on the recto of both Papyrus BM 10053 and Papyrus BM 10068. It has been suggested that the undated Papyrus Mayer B, dealing with the plundering of the tomb of Ramesses VI, may also stem from his reign but, so far, this remains conjecture.
During these trials it became clear that several royal and noble tombs in the Western Theban Necropolis had been robbed, including that of a 17th Dynasty king, Sobekemsaf II. Paser, Mayor of Eastern Thebes or Karnak, accused his subordinate Paweraa, the Mayor of West Thebes responsible for the safety of the necropolis, of being either culpable in this wave of robberies or negligent in his duties of protecting the Valley of the Kings from incursions by tomb robbers. Paweraa played a leading part in the vizierial commission set up to investigate, and, not surprisingly, it proved impossible for Paweraa to be officially charged with any crime due to the circumstantiality of the evidence. Paser disappeared from sight soon after the report was filed.
In the sixth year of his reign, he inscribed his titulature in the Lower Nubian town of Amara West. Most of his building works centre on the sun temple centre of Heliopolis in Lower Egypt where the most significant monumental works of his reign are located. However, he also decorated the wall to the north of the Seventh Pylon in the Temple of Amun-Re at Karnak. Finally, his name has been found at the Dakhla Oasis in Western Egypt and Gezer at Canaan which may suggest a residual Egyptian influence in Asia; the majority of the New Kingdom Empire's possessions in Canaan and Syria had long been lost to the Sea Peoples by his reign. He is also known for having honoured his predecessors Ramesses II, Ramesses III and Ramesses VII. He also paid close attention to Lower Egypt and built a substantial monument at Heliopolis.
Ramesses IX is known to have had two sons: at Heliopolis, "a gateway was reinscribed with texts including the king's names and also those of the prince and High Priest Nebmaatre, who was fairly certainly his son." Ramesses IX's second son, Montuherkhopshef C, perhaps this king's intended heir, who did not live long enough to succeed his father, took over the former KV19 tomb of Sethirkhepsef B in the Valley of the Kings. The throne was instead assumed by Ramesses X whose precise relationship to Ramesses IX is unclear. Ramesses X might have been Ramesses IX's son, but this assumption remains unproven. Tomb KV19, which was one of the most beautifully decorated tombs in the royal valley, had been abandoned by Sethirkhepsef B when the latter assumed the throne as king Ramesses VIII and one of prince Montuherkhopshef's depictions there "bears the prenomen cartouche to Ramesses IX on its belt" thereby establishing the identity of this prince's father. The tomb of Ramesses IX, KV6, has been open since antiquity, as is evidenced by the presence of Roman and Greek graffiti on the tomb walls. It is quite long in the tradition of the 'syringe' tunnels of the later 19th and 20th Dynasties and lies directly opposite the tomb of Ramesses II in the Valley of the Kings; this fact may have influenced Ramesses IX's choice of location for his final resting place due to its proximity to this great Pharaoh. While Ramesses IX's chief queen is not precisely identified in surviving Egyptian inscriptions, she was most likely Baketwernel.
In 1881, the mummy of Ramesses IX (nr. 5209) was found in the Deir el-Bahri cache (DB320) within one of the two coffins of Neskhons—wife of the Theban High Priest Pinedjem II. This pharaoh's mummy was not apparently examined by Grafton Elliot Smith and not included in his 1912 catalogue of the Royal Mummies. When the mummy was unwrapped by Maspero, a bandage was found from a year 5, mentioning the lady Neskhons, most probably from the reign of king Siamun. A further strip of linen from a year 7 identified the mummy as "Ra Khaemwaset" which can be taken as a reference to either Ramesses Khaemwaset Meryamun (IX) or Ramesses Khaemwaset Meryamun Neterheqainu (XI). But since an ivory box of Neferkare Ramesses IX was found in the royal cache itself, and Ramesses XI was probably never buried at Thebes but rather in Lower Egypt, "the [royal] mummy is most likely to be that of Ramesses IX himself." It is estimated that the king was about 50 years old when he died (but it is extremely difficult to correctly establish the age of mummies) and his mummy was found to have broken limbs, a broken neck and damage to its nose, which is missing.
In April 2021 his mummy was moved from the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization along with those of 17 other kings and 4 queens in an event termed the Pharaohs' Golden Parade.
The novel Ancient Evenings by Norman Mailer is told from the perspective of characters living during the reign of Ramesses IX, including Ramesses IX himself. Most but not all of the novel takes place on one long evening in 1123 or 1122 BCE, during which the characters (including Ramesses IX) tell stories of the past. The majority of the book concerns the reign of Ramesses II, approximately 150 years before the night of the narrative; the Battle of Kadesh (1274 BCE) is in turn the central event of this sub-narrative.
Sketches from the courtroom of the first trial of the Baltimore police officers accused of being culpable in the death of Freddie Gray. www.washingtonpost.com/news/drawing-dc-together/
Captain Scott's ill-fated South Pole 'Terra Nova' Expedition 1910 - 1913.
The Terra Nova Expedition, officially the British Antarctic Expedition, was an expedition to Antarctica which took place between 1910 and 1913. It was led by Robert Falcon Scott and had various scientific and geographical objectives. Scott wished to continue the scientific work that he had begun when leading the Discovery Expedition to the Antarctic in 1901–04. He also wanted to be the first to reach the geographic South Pole. He and four companions attained the pole on 17 January 1912, where they found that the Norwegian team led by Roald Amundsen had preceded them by 34 days. Scott's entire party died on the return journey from the pole; some of their bodies, journals, and photographs were found by a search party eight months later.
The expedition, named after its supply ship, was a private venture, financed by public contributions augmented by a government grant. It had further backing from the Admiralty, which released experienced seamen to the expedition, and from the Royal Geographical Society. The expedition's team of scientists carried out a comprehensive scientific programme, while other parties explored Victoria Land and the Western Mountains. An attempted landing and exploration of King Edward VII Land was unsuccessful. A journey to Cape Crozier in June and July 1911 was the first extended sledging journey in the depths of the Antarctic winter.
For many years after his death, Scott's status as tragic hero was unchallenged, and few questions were asked about the causes of the disaster which overcame his polar party. In the final quarter of the 20th century the expedition came under closer scrutiny, and more critical views were expressed about its organization and management. The degree of Scott's personal culpability, and more recently, the culpability of certain expedition members, remains controversial.
Esta imagen pertenece a www.odisea2008.com
Referencia post:
www.odisea2008.com/2014/03/costumbres-y-vestimentas-china...