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The Allies' main opponent in the Pacific air war, the Zero is the most famous symbol of Japanese air power during World War II. The fighter first flew in April 1939, and Mitsubishi, Nakajima, Hitachi and the Japanese navy produced 10,815 Zeros from 1940-1945. Zeros were produced in greater number than any other aircraft. Its distinctive design and historical impact make the Zero an important machine in air power history.
The Zero got its name from its official designation, Navy Type Zero Carrier-Based Fighter (or Reisen), though the Allies code-named it "Zeke." The Zero was the successor to the A5M Type 96 "Claude." Mitsubishi designed the A6M from Navy requirements set out in 1937 for a fighter that was fast, maneuverable and had great range. Designed as a carrier-borne fighter, it was exceptionally light compared to its opponents. This requirement was not only necessary to provide maneuverability but also was caused by the Zero's low-powered engine. Lack of interservice cooperation in engine development limited the horsepower available to Japanese designers. Other consequences included omitting armor protection for the pilot, not using self-sealing fuel tanks, and building lightweight wings as an integral part of the fuselage.
The A6M first saw combat in China in the late summer of 1940, and it quickly helped Japan dominate the air in Asia. When Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941, 125 Zeros from six aircraft carriers participated. In the early part of the war, Allied aircraft such as the Curtiss P-40 and Seversky P-35 were at a disadvantage in a dogfight with a Zero flown by a skilled pilot, and the A6M became a well-known and dangerous opponent.
The Japanese advantage, however, began to disappear as American tactics evolved. American pilots gained experience fighting the Zero in China with the American Volunteer Group, known as the Flying Tigers, and at the Battle of Midway. The key to fighting the Zero was to stay out of dogfights, and instead use superior armament and hit-and-run diving attacks against the relatively fragile A6M. American fighters introduced in 1943 were more powerful (2,000-hp engines), faster, and had much more firepower than the Zero. As Allied pilots used their heavily-armed aircraft to advantage, the Zero's dominance ended. At the same time, the number of American aircraft and pilots increased, and the number of experienced Japanese aircrew shrank.
While development of the Zero continued by adding self-sealing tanks, armor plate and increasing horsepower to 1,150 hp, the later Zero was much heavier and thus less nimble. Weight increased 28 percent, but horsepower increased only 16 percent, degrading overall combat performance.
Beginning around October 1944 during the battle for the Philippines, Zeros were used in kamikaze attacks. Kamikazes used A6Ms more than any other aircraft for these suicide missions.
This Nakajima-built A6M2 was placed on display in 2004. It was found in Papua New Guinea, near the city of Kavieng on New Ireland, and was probably one of the aircraft delivered to Rabaul and operated at Kavieng by the 6th Kokutai (Squadron) and later by the 253rd Kokutai. It is painted to represent a section leader's aircraft from the aircraft carrier Zuiho during the Battle of the Bismarck Sea, March 1943, in which Allied air power won a major victory over Japanese sea power. American and Australian aircraft sank four Japanese destroyers and 15 troop ships, and shot down more than 50 Zeros, preventing Japanese reinforcements from reaching New Guinea.
TECHNICAL NOTES:
Armament: Two 20mm cannon, two 7.7mm machine guns
Engine: Sakae 12 of 940 hp
Maximum speed: 316 mph
Range: 1,930 miles
MINUS ZERO - PESCARA/ DAS Progetti
www.channelbeta.net/2012/10/menozero-pescara
HIGH RESOLUTION ON CHANNELBETA
CHANNELBETA - Information Channel on Contemporary Architecture
www.channelbeta.net/2012/10/menozero-pescara
Photo by © DAS Progetti
The Mitsubishi Zero was the primary Japanese Naval fighter in World War II. It was used in the attack on Pearl Harbor and in Kamikaze attacks near the end of the war. Allied pilots were astounded by its maneuverability, and it was very successful in combat until the Allies devised tactics to utilize their advantage in firepower and diving speed.
The A6M was given the Allied code name "Zeke," but was generally called Zero. Allied pilots referred to all Japanese fighters as Zeros, but the term is correctly applied only to the Mitsubishi A6M. The marking on this Zero are of the 261st Naval Air Corps, which operated in Saipan.
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and if you believe in dreams
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I miss you
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I know by now
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bjork
Capture CO2 out from the air. Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy, Earth Institute. ZERO- konferansen arrangeres av den norske miljøstiftelsen Zero Emission Resource Organization (ZERO). Foto: Eirik Helland Urke
Origen del Nombre
En la epoca en que se estaba desarrollando el tercer prototipo del caza japones, a los modelos producidos para la aviacion naval se les asignaba los números de tipo basados en el último número del año japones corriente, y como 1940 era el año 2600 en el calendario japonés, la serie A6M fue conocida como Zero .
La Invencibilidad Japonesa
Para los Japoneses el Zero era todo lo que el Spitfire representó para la nación Britanica. Simbolizaba la conducta de la guerra de Japon. El caza Zero marcó el inicio de una nueva época en la aviación naval de guerra. Fue el primer caza basado en un portaaviones capaz de vencer a sus oponentes basados en tierra. Creó un mito, el mito de la invencibilidad japonesa en el aire. Mito bajo el cual los propios Japoneses caerían víctimas como resultado de la casi total destrucción del poder aereo aliado en los primordios de la guerra del Pacifico. En su época el Zero era el mejor caza de combate basado en portaaviones, y su aparición sobre Pearl Harbor vino como una completa sorpresa para las fuerzas americanas.
Diseño
El zero fue originalmente concebido como reemplazo del caza Mitsubishi tipo 96 (A5M), el primer monoplano de la marina japonesa. En Octubre 5 de 1937, la marina japonesa entregó sus requerimientos a las compañías Mitsubishi y Nakajima para un nuevo caza con una velocidad máxima de 310 m.p.h, la habilidad de subir a 9,840 pies en 3.5 minutos, maniorabilidad y autonomía excediendo cualquier caza existente y un armamento de dos cañones y dos ametralladoras. Estas demandas estabas por lejos en exceso de cualquier pedido solicitado a la industria aerea japonesa, y considerando estos pedidos poco realistas, la compañía Nakajima se retiró del proyecto luego después de una reunión de diseñollevada a cabo en la ciudad de Yokosuka el 17 de Enero de 1938. La Mitsubishi sola aceptó la tarea de cumplir con los requerimientos del "12-Shi" (doceavo año del reinado Showa) como era conocido el proyecto, y el trabajo de diseño inició bajo la dirección de Jiro Horikoshi, jefe de diseño de la Mitsubishi Jukogyo K.K.
El motor escogido fue el Mitsubishi MK2 Zuisei 13, un motor radial de 14 cilindros con 780 HP, mas tarde conocido dentro del sistema unificado de designacón JNAF/JAAF como el Ha.31/13. Este motor fue escogido debido a su poco peso y pequeño diámetro, y se le colocó una hélice de velocidad constante de dos aspas. Extremo cuidado se le dió al peso estructural debido a que la maniobrabilidad estaba diractamente relacionada al peso de las alas, y se hizo extensivo uso del Duraluminio Extra Super, una resistente y leve aleación desarrolada para aviones por la Sumitoma Metal Industry Company. El trabajo con el prototipo progresó rápidamente, y los cambios solicitados despues de las inspecciones del diseño 12-shi el 17 de Abril y 11 de Julio de 1938 fueron progresivamente incorporados.
Prueba del Primer Prototipo
El 16 de Marzo de 1939, en la planta Mitsubishi de Nagoya, el primer prototipo fue terminado. Pruebas del motor fueron conducidas en Marzo 18, y la aeronave fue transferida a la base aeronaval de Kasumigaura para la prueba de vuelo. Aquí, el 1ro de Abril de 1939, uno de los pilotos de prueba de la Mitsubishi, Katsuzo shima, voló el nuevo caza por la primera vez. El vuelo fue un inmediato suceso, siendo el único problema que se presentó el de los frenos de las ruedas, el sistema de aceite, y una tendencia pequeña a vibrar. Las pruebas siguientes indicaron que la vibración podía ser controlada mediante el uso de una hélice de mayor tamaño del tipo de tres aspas. El prototipo fue aceptado por la marina el 14 de Septiembre de 1939, como el Caza de Portaaviones A6M1, y mientrastanto, un segundo prototipo se había terminado, pasando las pruebas de vuelo del fabricante el 18 de Octubre de 1939, aceptándose por la marina una semana despues. Ambos prototipos A6M1 cargaban dos cañones de 20mm en las alas y dos ametralladoras de 7.7mm en la parte superior del fuselaje.
Mientras las pruebas del A6M1 continuaban, un nuevo motor pasó las pruebas de la marina, el Nakajima NK1C Sakae 12 de 925 HP, que era ligeramente mayor y mas pesado que el Zuisei. La marina decidió instalar este motor en el tercer prototipo que sería conocido como A6M2.
I e-mailed the FHC Curator Cory Graff and heard back:
Yeah, it’s fuel. The tanks are filled (usually) before every flight. Add a hot day and a few extra Gs during the turn and the fuel vents out ports in the wings. It’s much more dramatic looking than it is. Mechanics figure they had about a half gallon on each side come out during the test flights.
Yup, it was quite exciting to see that. Made me think there was smoke canisters being tested not a fuel dump...
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To see my other Zero photos, please go here. Thanks!
for 7DoS: part of a wall display for an exhibition called ZERO. The walls were covered in them, but I managed to isolate 3 - phew ;)
This build is an expansion on one made for a recent review. I might have been channeling Grendizer and other super robot vibes, hence the name.
Mobile Frame Zero: Rapid Attack Stats: 2Rh+d8 (saws) 2B (shields) 1Gd8 (no ranged weapons) 2W.
Designer's Notes: These are a brickblend of Block Tech and Lego. Systems are Light/Dark Bley and are all Lego.
Ground Zero 2014 - Dark Matter
Recreatieplas Bussloo, Bussloo NL
30.08.2014
Client: The Prophet
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