the timing is such that it feels like he is a busy pro having taken three peoples images with another waiting while he takes the current one

This Picasso was originally used by The AA for a field based Inspections engineer, and was part of a fleet of around 60 similar vehicles. At the time of the photo it had covered 90,000 miles and was having a timing belt kit fitted along with new auxilliary drive belt.

It is a 2002 registered 2.0 HDI SX model. More Pictures to follow!

   

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Patent US6506148 - Nervous system manipulation by electromagnetic fields from monitors

  

Publication number US6506148 B2

Publication type Grant

Application number US 09/872,528

Publication date Jan 14, 2003

Filing date Jun 1, 2001

Priority date Jun 1, 2001

Fee status Paid

Also published as US20020188164

 

Inventors Hendricus G. Loos

Original Assignee Hendricus G. Loos

Export Citation BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan

Patent Citations (16), Non-Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (3), Classifications (6), Legal Events (3)

  

External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet

  

Nervous system manipulation by electromagnetic fields from monitors

US 6506148 B2

  

Abstract

  

Physiological effects have been observed in a human subject in response to stimulation of the skin with weak electromagnetic fields that are pulsed with certain frequencies near ½ Hz or 2.4 Hz, such as to excite a sensory resonance. Many computer monitors and TV tubes, when displaying pulsed images, emit pulsed electromagnetic fields of sufficient amplitudes to cause such excitation. It is therefore possible to manipulate the nervous system of a subject by pulsing images displayed on a nearby computer monitor or TV set. For the latter, the image pulsing may be imbedded in the program material, or it may be overlaid by modulating a video stream, either as an RF signal or as a video signal. The image displayed on a computer monitor may be pulsed effectively by a simple computer program. For certain monitors, pulsed electromagnetic fields capable of exciting sensory resonances in nearby subjects may be generated even as the displayed images are pulsed with subliminal intensity.

  

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Claims(14)

  

I claim:

  

1. A method for manipulating the nervous system of a subject located near a monitor, the monitor emitting an electromagnetic field when displaying an image by virtue of the physical display process, the subject having a sensory resonance frequency, the method comprising:

 

creating a video signal for displaying an image on the monitor, the image having an intensity;

 

modulating the video signal for pulsing the image intensity with a frequency in the range 0.1 Hz to 15 Hz; and

 

setting the pulse frequency to the resonance frequency.

  

2. A computer program for manipulating the nervous system of a subject located near a monitor, the monitor emitting an electromagnetic field when displaying an image by virtue of the physical display process, the subject having cutaneous nerves that fire spontaneously and have spiking patterns, the computer program comprising:

 

a display routine for displaying an image on the monitor, the image having an intensity;

 

a pulse routine for pulsing the image intensity with a frequency in the range 0.1 Hz to 15 Hz; and

 

a frequency routine that can be internally controlled by the subject, for setting the frequency;

 

whereby the emitted electromagnetic field is pulsed, the cutaneous nerves are exposed to the pulsed electromagnetic field, and the spiking patterns of the nerves acquire a frequency modulation.

  

3. The computer program of claim 2, wherein the pulsing has an amplitude and the program further comprises an amplitude routine for control of the amplitude by the subject.

  

4. The computer program of claim 2, wherein the pulse routine comprises:

 

a timing procedure for timing the pulsing; and

 

an extrapolation procedure for improving the accuracy of the timing procedure.

  

5. The computer program of claim 2, further comprising a variability routine for introducing variability in the pulsing.

  

6. Hardware means for manipulating the nervous system of a subject located near a monitor, the monitor being responsive to a video stream and emitting an electromagnetic field when displaying an image by virtue of the physical display process, the image having an intensity, the subject having cutaneous nerves that fire spontaneously and have spiking patterns, the hardware means comprising:

 

pulse generator for generating voltage pulses;

 

means, responsive to the voltage pulses, for modulating the video stream to pulse the image intensity;

 

whereby the emitted electromagnetic field is pulsed, the cutaneous nerves are exposed to the pulsed electromagnetic field, and the spiking patterns of the nerves acquire a frequency modulation.

  

7. The hardware means of claim 6, wherein the video stream is a composite video signal that has a pseudo-dc level, and the means for modulating the video stream comprise means for pulsing the pseudo-dc level.

  

8. The hardware means of claim 6, wherein the video stream is a television broadcast signal, and the means for modulating the video stream comprise means for frequency wobbling of the television broadcast signal.

  

9. The hardware means of claim 6, wherein the monitor has a brightness adjustment terminal, and the means for modulating the video stream comprise a connection from the pulse generator to the brightness adjustment terminal.

  

10. A source of video stream for manipulating the nervous system of a subject located near a monitor, the monitor emitting an electromagnetic field when displaying an image by virtue of the physical display process, the subject having cutaneous nerves that fire spontaneously and have spiking patterns, the source of video stream comprising:

 

means for defining an image on the monitor, the image having an intensity; and

 

means for subliminally pulsing the image intensity with a frequency in the range 0.1 Hz to 15 Hz;

 

whereby the emitted electromagnetic field is pulsed, the cutaneous nerves are exposed to the pulsed electromagnetic field, and the spiking patterns of the nerves acquire a frequency modulation.

  

11. The source of video stream of claim 10 wherein the source is a recording medium that has recorded data, and the means for subliminally pulsing the image intensity comprise an attribute of the recorded data.

  

12. The source of video stream of claim 10 wherein the source is a computer program, and the means for subliminally pulsing the image intensity comprise a pulse routine.

  

13. The source of video stream of claim 10 wherein the source is a recording of a physical scene, and the means for subliminally pulsing the image intensity comprise:

 

pulse generator for generating voltage pulses;

 

light source for illuminating the scene, the light source having a power level; and

 

modulation means, responsive to the voltage pulses, for pulsing the power level.

  

14. The source of video stream of claim 10, wherein the source is a DVD, the video stream comprises a luminance signal and a chrominance signal, and the means for subliminal pulsing of the image intensity comprise means for pulsing the luminance signal.

  

Description

  

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the stimulation of the human nervous system by an electromagnetic field applied externally to the body. A neurological effect of external electric fields has been mentioned by Wiener (1958), in a discussion of the bunching of brain waves through nonlinear interactions. The electric field was arranged to provide “a direct electrical driving of the brain”. Wiener describes the field as set up by a 10 Hz alternating voltage of 400 V applied in a room between ceiling and ground. Brennan (1992) describes in U.S. Pat. No. 5,169,380 an apparatus for alleviating disruptions in circadian rythms of a mammal, in which an alternating electric field is applied across the head of the subject by two electrodes placed a short distance from the skin.

 

A device involving a field electrode as well as a contact electrode is the “Graham Potentializer” mentioned by Hutchison (1991). This relaxation device uses motion, light and sound as well as an alternating electric field applied mainly to the head. The contact electrode is a metal bar in Ohmic contact with the bare feet of the subject, and the field electrode is a hemispherical metal headpiece placed several inches from the subject's head.

 

In these three electric stimulation methods the external electric field is applied predominantly to the head, so that electric currents are induced in the brain in the physical manner governed by electrodynamics. Such currents can be largely avoided by applying the field not to the head, but rather to skin areas away from the head. Certain cutaneous receptors may then be stimulated and they would provide a signal input into the brain along the natural pathways of afferent nerves. It has been found that, indeed, physiological effects can be induced in this manner by very weak electric fields, if they are pulsed with a frequency near ½ Hz. The observed effects include ptosis of the eyelids, relaxation, drowziness, the feeling of pressure at a centered spot on the lower edge of the brow, seeing moving patterns of dark purple and greenish yellow with the eyes closed, a tonic smile, a tense feeling in the stomach, sudden loose stool, and sexual excitement, depending on the precise frequency used, and the skin area to which the field is applied. The sharp frequency dependence suggests involvement of a resonance mechanism.

 

It has been found that the resonance can be excited not only by externally applied pulsed electric fields, as discussed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,782,874, 5,899,922, 6,081,744, and 6,167,304, but also by pulsed magnetic fields, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,935,054 and 6,238,333, by weak heat pulses applied to the skin, as discussed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,800,481 and 6,091,994, and by subliminal acoustic pulses, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,017,302. Since the resonance is excited through sensory pathways, it is called a sensory resonance. In addition to the resonance near ½ Hz, a sensory resonance has been found near 2.4 Hz. The latter is characterized by the slowing of certain cortical processes, as discussed in the '481, '922, '302, '744, '944, and '304 patents.

 

The excitation of sensory resonances through weak heat pulses applied to the skin provides a clue about what is going on neurologically. Cutaneous temperature-sensing receptors are known to fire spontaneously. These nerves spike somewhat randomly around an average rate that depends on skin temperature. Weak heat pulses delivered to the skin in periodic fashion will therefore cause a slight frequency modulation (fm) in the spike patterns generated by the nerves. Since stimulation through other sensory modalities results in similar physiological effects, it is believed that frequency modulation of spontaneous afferent neural spiking patterns occurs there as well.

 

It is instructive to apply this notion to the stimulation by weak electric field pulses administered to the skin. The externally generated fields induce electric current pulses in the underlying tissue, but the current density is much too small for firing an otherwise quiescent nerve. However, in experiments with adapting stretch receptors of the crayfish, Terzuolo and Bullock (1956) have observed that very small electric fields can suffice for modulating the firing of already active nerves. Such a modulation may occur in the electric field stimulation under discussion.

 

Further understanding may be gained by considering the electric charges that accumulate on the skin as a result of the induced tissue currents. Ignoring thermodynamics, one would expect the accumulated polarization charges to be confined strictly to the outer surface of the skin. But charge density is caused by a slight excess in positive or negative ions, and thermal motion distributes the ions through a thin layer. This implies that the externally applied electric field actually penetrates a short distance into the tissue, instead of stopping abruptly at the outer skin surface. In this manner a considerable fraction of the applied field may be brought to bear on some cutaneous nerve endings, so that a slight modulation of the type noted by Terzuolo and Bullock may indeed occur.

 

The mentioned physiological effects are observed only when the strength of the electric field on the skin lies in a certain range, called the effective intensity window. There also is a bulk effect, in that weaker fields suffice when the field is applied to a larger skin area. These effects are discussed in detail in the '922 patent.

 

Since the spontaneous spiking of the nerves is rather random and the frequency modulation induced by the pulsed field is very shallow, the signal to noise ratio (S/N) for the fm signal contained in the spike trains along the afferent nerves is so small as to make recovery of the fm signal from a single nerve fiber impossibile. But application of the field over a large skin area causes simultaneous stimulation of many cutaneous nerves, and the fm modulation is then coherent from nerve to nerve. Therefore, if the afferent signals are somehow summed in the brain, the fm modulations add while the spikes from different nerves mix and interlace. In this manner the S/N can be increased by appropriate neural processing. The matter is discussed in detail in the '874 patent. Another increase in sensitivity is due to involving a resonance mechanism, wherein considerable neural circuit oscillations can result from weak excitations.

 

An easily detectable physiological effect of an excited ½ Hz sensory resonance is ptosis of the eyelids. As discussed in the '922 patent, the ptosis test involves first closing the eyes about half way. Holding this eyelid position, the eyes are rolled upward, while giving up voluntary control of the eyelids. The eyelid position is then determined by the state of the autonomic nervous system. Furthermore, the pressure excerted on the eyeballs by the partially closed eyelids increases parasympathetic activity. The eyelid position thereby becomes somewhat labile, as manifested by a slight flutter. The labile state is sensitive to very small shifts in autonomic state. The ptosis influences the extent to which the pupil is hooded by the eyelid, and thus how much light is admitted to the eye. Hence, the depth of the ptosis is seen by the subject, and can be graded on a scale from 0 to 10.

 

In the initial stages of the excitation of the ½ Hz sensory resonance, a downward drift is detected in the ptosis frequency, defined as the stimulation frequency for which maximum ptosis is obtained. This drift is believed to be caused by changes in the chemical milieu of the resonating neural circuits. It is thought that the resonance causes perturbations of chemical concentrations somewhere in the brain, and that these perturbations spread by diffusion to nearby resonating circuits. This effect, called “chemical detuning”, can be so strong that ptosis is lost altogether when the stimulation frequency is kept constant in the initial stages of the excitation. Since the stimulation then falls somewhat out of tune, the resonance decreases in amplitude and chemical detuning eventually diminishes. This causes the ptosis frequency to shift back up, so that the stimulation is more in tune and the ptosis can develop again. As a result, for fixed stimulation frequencies in a certain range, the ptosis slowly cycles with a frequency of several minutes. The matter is discussed in the '302 patent.

 

The stimulation frequencies at which specific physiological effects occur depend somewhat on the autonomic nervous system state, and probably on the endocrine state as well.

 

Weak magnetic fields that are pulsed with a sensory resonance frequency can induce the same physiological effects as pulsed electric fields. Unlike the latter however, the magnetic fields penetrate biological tissue with nearly undiminished strength. Eddy currents in the tissue drive electric charges to the skin, where the charge distributions are subject to thermal smearing in much the same way as in electric field stimulation, so that the same physiological effects develop. Details are discussed in the '054 patent.

SUMMARY

Computer monotors and TV monitors can be made to emit weak low-frequency electromagnetic fields merely by pulsing the intensity of displayed images. Experiments have shown that the ½ Hz sensory resonance can be excited in this manner in a subject near the monitor. The 2.4 Hz sensory resonance can also be excited in this fashion. Hence, a TV monitor or computer monitor can be used to manipulate the nervous system of nearby people.

 

The implementations of the invention are adapted to the source of video stream that drives the monitor, be it a computer program, a TV broadcast, a video tape or a digital video disc (DVD).

 

For a computer monitor, the image pulses can be produced by a suitable computer program. The pulse frequency may be controlled through keyboard input, so that the subject can tune to an individual sensory resonance frequency. The pulse amplitude can be controlled as well in this manner. A program written in Visual Basic(R) is particularly suitable for use on computers that run the Windows 95(R) or Windows 98(R) operating system. The structure of such a program is described. Production of periodic pulses requires an accurate timing procedure. Such a procedure is constructed from the GetTimeCount function available in the Application Program Interface (API) of the Windows operating system, together with an extrapolation procedure that improves the timing accuracy.

 

Pulse variability can be introduced through software, for the purpose of thwarting habituation of the nervous system to the field stimulation, or when the precise resonance frequency is not known. The variability may be a pseudo-random variation within a narrow interval, or it can take the form of a frequency or amplitude sweep in time. The pulse variability may be under control of the subject.

 

The program that causes a monitor to display a pulsing image may be run on a remote computer that is connected to the user computer by a link; the latter may partly belong to a network, which may be the Internet.

 

For a TV monitor, the image pulsing may be inherent in the video stream as it flows from the video source, or else the stream may be modulated such as to overlay the pulsing. In the first case, a live TV broadcast can be arranged to have the feature imbedded simply by slightly pulsing the illumination of the scene that is being broadcast. This method can of course also be used in making movies and recording video tapes and DVDs.

 

Video tapes can be edited such as to overlay the pulsing by means of modulating hardware. A simple modulator is discussed wherein the luminance signal of composite video is pulsed without affecting the chroma signal. The same effect may be introduced at the consumer end, by modulating the video stream that is produced by the video source. A DVD can be edited through software, by introducing pulse-like variations in the digital RGB signals. Image intensity pulses can be overlaid onto the analog component video output of a DVD player by modulating the luminance signal component. Before entering the TV set, a television signal can be modulated such as to cause pulsing of the image intensity by means of a variable delay line that is connected to a pulse generator.

 

Certain monitors can emit electromagnetic field pulses that excite a sensory resonance in a nearby subject, through image pulses that are so weak as to be subliminal. This is unfortunate since it opens a way for mischievous application of the invention, whereby people are exposed unknowingly to manipulation of their nervous systems for someone else's purposes. Such application would be unethical and is of course not advocated. It is mentioned here in order to alert the public to the possibility of covert abuse that may occur while being online, or while watching TV, a video, or a DVD.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates the electromagnetic field that emanates from a monitor when the video signal is modulated such as to cause pulses in image intensity, and a nearby subject who is exposed to the field.

 

FIG. 2 shows a circuit for modulation of a composite video signal for the purpose of pulsing the image intensity.

 

FIG. 3 shows the circuit for a simple pulse generator.

 

FIG. 4 illustrates how a pulsed electromagnetic field can be generated with a computer monitor.

 

FIG. 5 shows a pulsed electromagnetic field that is generated by a television set through modulation of the RF signal input to the TV.

 

FIG. 6 outlines the structure of a computer program for producing a pulsed image.

 

FIG. 7 shows an extrapolation procedure introduced for improving timing accuracy of the program of FIG. 6.

 

FIG. 8 illustrates the action of the extrapolation procedure of FIG. 7.

 

FIG. 9 shows a subject exposed to a pulsed electromagnetic field emanating from a monitor which is responsive to a program running on a remote computer via a link that involves the Internet.

 

FIG. 10 shows the block diagram of a circuit for frequency wobbling of a TV signal for the purpose of pulsing the intensity of the image displayed on a TV monitor.

 

FIG. 11 depicts schematically a recording medium in the form of a video tape with recorded data, and the attribute of the signal that causes the intensity of the displayed image to be pulsed.

 

FIG. 12 illustrates how image pulsing can be embedded in a video signal by pulsing the illumination of the scene that is being recorded.

 

FIG. 13 shows a routine that introduces pulse variability into the computer program of FIG. 6.

 

FIG. 14 shows schematically how a CRT emits an electromagnetic field when the displayed image is pulsed.

 

FIG. 15 shows how the intensity of the image displayed on a monitor can be pulsed through the brightness control terminal of the monitor.

 

FIG. 16 illustrates the action of the polarization disc that serves as a model for grounded conductors in the back of a CRT screen.

 

FIG. 17 shows the circuit for overlaying image intensity pulses on a DVD output.

 

FIG. 18 shows measured data for pulsed electric fields emitted by two different CRT type monitors, and a comparison with theory.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Computer monitors and TV monitors emit electromagnetic fields. Part of the emission occurs at the low frequencies at which displayed images are changing. For instance, a rythmic pulsing of the intensity of an image causes electromagnetic field emission at the pulse frequency, with a strength proportional to the pulse amplitude. The field is briefly referred to as “screen emission”. In discussing this effect, any part or all what is displayed on the monitor screen is called an image. A monitor of the cathode ray tube (CRT) type has three electron beams, one for each of the basic colors red, green, and blue. The intensity of an image is here defined as

 

I=∫j dA,  (1)

 

where the integral extends over the image, and

 

j=jr+jg+jb,  (2)

 

jr, jg, and jb being the electric current densities in the red, green, and blue electron beams at the surface area dA of the image on the screen. The current densities are to be taken in the distributed electron beam model, where the discreteness of pixels and the raster motion of the beams are ignored, and the back of the monitor screen is thought to be irradiated by diffuse electron beams. The beam current densities are then functions of the coordinates x and y over the screen. The model is appropriate since we are interested in the electromagnetic field emision caused by image pulsing with the very low frequencies of sensory resonances, whereas the emissions with the much higher horizontal and vertical sweep frequencies are of no concern. For a CRT the intensity of an image is expressed in millamperes.

 

For a liquid crystal display (LCD), the current densities in the definition of image intensity are to be replaced by driving voltages, multiplied by the aperture ratio of the device. For an LCD, image intensities are thus expressed in volts.

 

It will be shown that for a CRT or LCD screen emissions are caused by fluctuations in image intensity. In composite video however, intensity as defined above is not a primary signal feature, but luminance Y is. For any pixel one has

 

Y=0.299R+0.587G+0.114B,  (3)

 

where R, G, and B are the intensities of the pixel respectively in red, green and blue, normalized such as to range from 0 to 1. The definition (3) was provided by the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE), in order to account for brightness differences at different colors, as perceived by the human visual system. In composite video the hue of the pixel is determined by the chroma signal or chrominance, which has the components R-Y and B-Y It follows that pulsing pixel luminance while keeping the hue fixed is equivalent to pulsing the pixel intensity, up to an amplitude factor. This fact will be relied upon when modulating a video stream such as to overlay image intensity pulses.

 

It turns out that the screen emission has a multipole expansion wherein both monopole and dipole contributions are proportional to the rate of change of the intensity I of (1). The higher order multipole contributions are proportional to the rate of change of moments of the current density j over the image, but since these contributions fall off rapidly with distance, they are not of practical importance in the present context. Pulsing the intensity of an image may involve different pulse amplitudes, frequencies, or phases for different parts of the image. Any or all of these features may be under subject control.

 

The question arises whether the screen emission can be strong enough to excite sensory resonances in people located at normal viewing distances from the monitor. This turns out to be the case, as shown by sensory resonance experiments and independently by measuring the strength of the emitted electric field pulses and comparing the results with the effective intensity window as explored in earlier work.

 

One-half Hertz sensory resonance experiments have been conducted with the subject positioned at least at normal viewing distance from a 15″ computer monitor that was driven by a computer program written in Visual Basic(R), version 6.0 (VB6). The program produces a pulsed image with uniform luminance and hue over the full screen, except for a few small control buttons and text boxes. In VB6, screen pixel colors are determined by integers R, G, and B, that range from 0 to 255, and set the contributions to the pixel color made by the basic colors red, green, and blue. For a CRT-type monitor, the pixel intensities for the primary colors may depend on the RGB values in a nonlinear manner that will be discussed. In the VB6 program the RGB values are modulated by small pulses ΔR, ΔG, ΔB, with a frequency that can be chosen by the subject or is swept in a predetermined manner. In the sensory resonance experiments mentioned above, the ratios ΔR/R, ΔG/G, and ΔB/B were always smaller than 0.02, so that the image pulses are quite weak. For certain frequencies near ½ Hz, the subject experienced physiological effects that are known to accompany the excitation of the ½ Hz sensory resonance as mentioned in the Background Section. Moreover, the measured field pulse amplitudes fall within the effective intensity window for the ½ Hz resonance, as explored in earlier experiments and discussed in the '874, '744, '922, and '304 patents. Other experiments have shown that the 2.4 Hz sensory resonance can be exited as well by screen emissions from monitors that display pulsed images.

 

These results confirm that, indeed, the nervous system of a subject can be manipulated through electromagnetic field pulses emitted by a nearby CRT or LCD monitor which displays images with pulsed intensity.

 

The various implementations of the invention are adapted to the different sources of video stream, such as video tape, DVD, a computer program, or a TV broadcast through free space or cable. In all of these implementations, the subject is exposed to the pulsed electromagnetic field that is generated by the monitor as the result of image intensity pulsing. Certain cutaneous nerves of the subject exhibit spontaneous spiking in patterns which, although rather random, contain sensory information at least in the form of average frequency. Some of these nerves have receptors that respond to the field stimulation by changing their average spiking frequency, so that the spiking patterns of these nerves acquire a frequency modulation, which is conveyed to the brain. The modulation can be particularly effective if it has a frequency at or near a sensory resonance frequency. Such frequencies are expected to lie in the range from 0.1 to 15 Hz.

 

An embodiment of the invention adapted to a VCR is shown in FIG. 1, where a subject 4 is exposed to a pulsed electric field 3 and a pulsed magnetic field 39 that are emitted by a monitor 2, labeled “MON”, as the result of pulsing the intensity of the displayed image. The image is here generated by a video casette recorder 1, labeled “VCR”, and the pulsing of the image intensity is obtained by modulating the composite video signal from the VCR output. This is done by a video modulator 5, labeled “VM”, which responds to the signal from the pulse generator 6, labeled “GEN”. The frequency and amplitude of the image pulses can be adjusted with the frequency control 7 and amplitude control 8. Frequency and amplitude adjustments can be made by the subject.

 

The circuit of the video modulator 5 of FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2, where the video amplifiers 11 and 12 process the composite video signal that enters at the input terminal 13. The level of the video signal is modulated slowly by injecting a small bias current at the inverting input 17 of the first amplifier 11. This current is caused by voltage pulses supplied at the modulation input 16, and can be adjusted through the potentiometer 15. Since the noninverting input of the amplifier is grounded, the inverting input 17 is kept essentially at ground potential, so that the bias current is is not influenced by the video signal. The inversion of the signal by the first amplifier 11 is undone by the second amplifier 12. The gains of the amplifiers are chosen such as to give a unity overall gain. A slowly varying current injected at the inverting input 17 causes a slow shift in the “pseudo-dc” level of the composite video signal, here defined as the short-term average of the signal. Since the pseudo-dc level of the chroma signal section determines the luminance, the latter is modulated by the injected current pulses. The chroma signal is not affected by the slow modulation of the pseudodc level, since that signal is determined by the amplitude and phase with respect to the color carrier which is locked to the color burst. The effect on the sync pulses and color bursts is of no consequence either if the injected current pulses are very small, as they are in practice. The modulated composite video signal, available at the output 14 in FIG. 2, will thus exhibit a modulated luminance, whereas the chroma signal is unchanged. In the light of the foregoing discussion about luminance and intensity, it follows that the modulator of FIG. 2 causes a pulsing of the image intensity I. It remains to give an example how the pulse signal at the modulation input 16 may be obtained. FIG. 3 shows a pulse generator that is suitable for this purpose, wherein the RC timer 21 (Intersil ICM7555) is hooked up for astable operation and produces a square wave voltage with a frequency that is determined by capacitor 22 and potentiometer 23. The timer 21 is powered by a battery 26, controlled by the switch 27. The square wave voltage at output 25 drives the LED 24, which may be used for monitoring of the pulse frequency, and also serves as power indicator. The pulse output may be rounded in ways that are well known in the art. In the setup of FIG. 1, the output of VCR 1 is connected to the video input 13 of FIG. 2, and the video output 14 is connected to the monitor 2 of FIG. 1.

 

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the image intensity pulsing is caused by a computer program. As shown in FIG. 4, monitor 2, labeled “MON”, is connected to computer 31 labeled “COMPUTER”, which runs a program that produces an image on the monitor and causes the image intensity to be pulsed. The subject 4 can provide input to the computer through the keyboard 32 that is connected to the computer by the connection 33. This input may involve adjustments of the frequency or the amplitude or the variability of the image intensity pulses. In particular, the pulse frequency can be set to a sensory resonance frequency of the subject for the purpose of exciting the resonance.

 

The structure of a computer program for pulsing image intensity is shown in FIG. 6. The program may be written in Visual Basic(R) version 6.0 (VB6), which involves the graphics interface familiar from the Windows(R) operating system. The images appear as forms equipped with user controls such as command buttons and scroll bars, together with data displays such as text boxes. A compiled VB6 program is an executable file. When activated, the program declares variables and functions to be called from a dynamic link library (DLL) that is attached to the operating system; an initial form load is performed as well. The latter comprises setting the screen color as specified by integers R, G, and B in the range 0 to 255, as mentioned above. In FIG. 6, the initial setting of the screen color is labeled as 50. Another action of the form load routine is the computation 51 of the sine function at eight equally spaced points, I=0 to 7, around the unit circle. These values are needed when modulating the RGB numbers. Unfortunately, the sine function is distorted by the rounding to integer RGB values that occurs in the VB6 program. The image is chosen to fill as much of the screen area as possible, and it has spatially uniform luminance and hue.

 

The form appearing on the monitor displays a command button for starting and stopping the image pulsing, together with scroll bars 52 and 53 respectively for adjustment of the pulse frequency F and the pulse amplitude A. These pulses could be initiated by a system timer which is activated upon the elapse of a preset time interval. However, timers in VB6 are too inaccurate for the purpose of providing the eight RGB adjustment points in each pulse cycle. An improvement can be obtained by using the GetTickCount function that is available in the Application Program Interface (API) of Windows 95(R) and Windows 98(R). The GetTickCount function returns the system time that has elapsed since starting Windows, expressed in milliseconds. User activation of the start button 54 provides a tick count TN through request 55 and sets the timer interval to TT miliseconds, in step 56. TT was previously calculated in the frequency routine that is activated by changing the frequency, denoted as step 52.

 

Since VB6 is an event-driven program, the flow chart for the program falls into disjoint pieces. Upon setting the timer interval to TT in step 56, the timer runs in the background while the program may execute subroutines such as adjustment of pulse frequency or amplitude. Upon elapse of the timer interval TT, the timer subroutine 57 starts execution with request 58 for a tick count, and in 59 an upgrade is computed of the time TN for the next point at which the RGB values are to be adjusted. In step 59 the timer is turned off, to be reactivated later in step 67. Step 59 also resets the parameter CR which plays a role in the extrapolation procedure 61 and the condition 60. For ease of understanding at this point, it is best to pretend that the action of 61 is simply to get a tick count, and to consider the loop controled by condition 60 while keeping CR equal to zero. The loop would terminate when the tick count M reaches or exceeds the time TN for the next phase point, at which time the program should adjust the image intensity through steps 63-65. For now step 62 is to be ignored also, since it has to do with the actual extrapolation procedure 61. The increments to the screen colors R1, G1, and B1 at the new phase point are computed according to the sine function, applied with the amplitude A that was set by the user in step 53. The number I that labels the phase point is incremented by unity in step 65, but if this results in I=8 the value is reset to zero in 66. Finally, the timer is reactivated in step 67, initiating a new ⅛-cycle step in the periodic progression of RGB adjustments.

 

A program written in this way would exhibit a large jitter in the times at which the RGB values are changed. This is due to the lumpiness in the tick counts returned by the GetTickCount function. The lumpiness may be studied separately by running a simple loop with C=GetTickCount, followed by writing the result C to a file. Inspection shows that C has jumped every 14 or 15 milliseconds, between long stretches of constant values. Since for a ½ Hz image intensity modulation the ⅛-cycle phase points are 250 ms apart, the lumpiness of 14 or 15 ms in the tick count would cause considerable inaccuracy. The full extrapolation procedure 61 is introduced in order to diminish the jitter to acceptable levels. The procedure works by refining the heavy-line staircase function shown in FIG. 8, using the slope RR of a recent staircase step to accurately determine the loop count 89 at which the loop controled by 60 needs to be exited. Details of the extrapolation procedure are shown in FIG. 7 and illustrated in FIG. 8. The procedure starts at 70 with both flags off, and CR=0, because of the assignment in 59 or 62 in FIG. 6. A tick count M is obtained at 71, and the remaining time MR to the next phase point is computed in 72. Conditions 77 and 73 are not satisfied and therefore passed vertically in the flow chart, so that only the delay block 74 and the assignments 75 are executed. Condition 60 of FIG. 6 is checked and found to be satisfied, so that the extrapolation procedure is reentered. The process is repeated until the condition 73 is met when the remaining time MR jumps down through the 15 ms level, shown in FIG. 8 as the transition 83. The condition 73 then directs the logic flow to the assignments 76, in which the number DM labeled by 83 is computed, and FLG1 is set. The computation of DM is required for finding the slope RR of the straight-line element 85. One also needs the “Final LM” 86, which is the number of loops traversed from step 83 to the next downward step 84, here shown to cross the MR=0 axis. The final LM is determined after repeatedly incrementing LM through the side loop entered from the FLG1=1 condition 77, which is now satisfied since FLG1 was set in step 76. At the transition 84 the condition 78 is met, so that the assignments 79 are executed. This includes computation of the slope RR of the line element 85, setting FLG2, and resetting FLG1. From here on, the extrapolation procedure increments CR in steps of RR while skipping tick counts until condition 60 of FIG. 6 is violated, the loop is exited, and the RGB values are adjusted.

 

A delay block 74 is used in order to stretch the time required for traversing the extrapolation procedure. The block can be any computation intensive subroutine such as repeated calculations of tangent and arc tangent functions.

 

As shown in step 56 of FIG. 6, the timer interval TT is set to 4/10 of the time TA from one RGB adjustment point to the next. Since the timer runs in the background, this arrangement provides an opportunity for execution of other processes such as user adjustment of frequency or amplitude of the pulses.

 

The adjustment of the frequency and other pulse parameters of the image intensity modulation can be made internally, i.e., within the running program. Such internal control is to be distinguished from the external control provided, for instance, in screen savers. In the latter, the frequency of animation can be modified by the user, but only after having exited the screen saver program. Specifically, in Windows 95(R) or Windows 98(R), to change the animation frequency requires stopping the screen saver execution by moving the mouse, whereafter the frequency may be adjusted through the control panel. The requirement that the control be internal sets the present program apart from so-called banners as well.

 

The program may be run on a remote computer that is linked to the user computer, as illustrated in FIG. 9. Although the monitor 2, labeled “MON”, is connected to the computer 31′, labeled “COMPUTER”, the program that pulses the images on the monitor 2 runs on the remoter computer 90, labeled “REMOTE COMPUTER”, which is connected to computer 31′ through a link 91 which may in part belong to a network. The network may comprise the Internet 92.

 

The monitor of a television set emits an electromagnetic field in much the same way as a computer monitor. Hence, a TV may be used to produce screen emissions for the purpose of nervous system manipulation. FIG. 5 shows such an arrangement, where the pulsing of the image intensity is achieved by inducing a small slowly pulsing shift in the frequency of the RF signal that enters from the antenna. This process is here called “frequency wobbling” of the RF signal. In FM TV, a slight slow frequency wobble of the RF signal produces a pseudo-dc signal level fluctuation in the composite video signal, which in turn causes a slight intensity fluctuation of the image displayed on the monitor in the same manner as discussed above for the modulator of FIG. 2. The frequency wobbling is induced by the wobbler 44 of FIG. 5 labeled “RFM”, which is placed in the antenna line 43. The wobbler is driven by the pulse generator 6, labeled “GEN”. The subject can adjust the frequency and the amplitude of the wobble through the tuning control 7 and the amplitude control 41. FIG. 10 shows a block diagram of the frequency wobbler circuit that employs a variable delay line 94, labelled “VDL”. The delay is determined by the signal from pulse generator 6, labelled “GEN”. The frequency of the pulses can be adjusted with the tuning control 7. The amplitude of the pulses is determined by the unit 98, labelled “MD”, and can be adjusted with the amplitude control 41. Optionally, the input to the delay line may be routed through a preprocessor 93, labelled “PRP”, which may comprise a selective RF amplifier and down converter; a complimentary up conversion should then be performed on the delay line output by a postprocessor 95, labelled “POP”. The output 97 is to be connected to the antenna terminal of the TV set.

 

The action of the variable delay line 94 may be understood as follows. Let periodic pulses with period L be presented at the input. For a fixed delay the pulses would emerge at the output with the same period L. Actually, the time delay T is varied slowly, so that it increases approximately by LdT/dt between the emergence of consecutive pulses at the device output. The pulse period is thus increased approximately by

 

ΔL=LdT/dt.  (4)

 

In terms of the frequency ∫, Eq. (4) implies approximately

 

Δ∫/∫=−dT/dt.  (5)

 

For sinusoidal delay T(t) with amplitude b and frequency g, one has

 

Δ∫/∫=−2πgb cos (2πgt),  (6)

 

which shows the frequency wobbling. The approximation is good for gb<<1, which is satisfied in practice. The relative frequency shift amplitude 2πgb that is required for effective image intensity pulses is very small compared to unity. For a pulse frequency g of the order of 1 Hz, the delay may have to be of the order of a millisecond. To accomodate such long delay values, the delay line may have to be implemented as a digital device. To do so is well within the present art. In that case it is natural to also choose digital implementations for the pulse generator 6 and the pulse amplitude controller 98, either as hardware or as software.

 

Pulse variability may be introduced for alleviating the need for precise tuning to a resonance frequency. This may be important when sensory resonance frequencies are not precisely known, because of the variation among individuals, or in order to cope with the frequency drift that results from chemical detuning that is discussed in the '874 patent. A field with suitably chosen pulse variability can then be more effective than a fixed frequency field that is out of tune. One may also control tremors and seizures, by interfering with the pathological oscillatory activity of neural circuits that occurs in these disorders. Electromagnetic fields with a pulse variability that results in a narrow spectrum of frequencies around the frequency of the pathological oscillatory activity may then evoke nerve signals that cause phase shifts which diminish or quench the oscillatory activity.

 

Pulse variability can be introduced as hardware in the manner described in the '304 patent. The variability may also be introduced in the computer program of FIG. 6, by setting FLG3 in step 68, and choosing the amplitude B of the frequency fluctuation. In the variability routine 46, shown in some detail in FIG. 13, FLG3 is detected in step 47, whereupon in steps 48 and 49 the pulse frequency F is modified pseudo randomly by a term proportional to B, every 4th cycle. Optionally, the amplitude of the image intensity pulsing may be modified as well, in similar fashion. Alternatively, the frequency and amplitude may be swept through an adjustable ramp, or according to any suitable schedule, in a manner known to those skilled in the art. The pulse variability may be applied to subliminal image intensity pulses.

 

When an image is displayed by a TV monitor in response to a TV broadcast, intensity pulses of the image may simply be imbedded in the program material. If the source of video signal is a recording medium, the means for pulsing the image intensity may comprise an attribute of recorded data. The pulsing may be subliminal. For the case of a video signal from a VCR, the pertinent data attribute is illustrated in FIG. 11, which shows a video signal record on part of a video tape 28. Depicted schematically are segments of the video signal in intervals belonging to lines in three image frames at different places along the tape. In each segment, the chroma signal 9 is shown, with its short-term average level 29 represented as a dashed line. The short-term average signal level, also called the pseudo-dc level, represents the luminance of the image pixels. Over each segment, the level is here constant because the image is for simplicity chosen as having a uniform luminance over the screen. However, the level is seen to vary from frame to frame, illustrating a luminance that pulses slowly over time. This is shown in the lower portion of the drawing, wherein the IRE level of the short-term chroma signal average is plotted versus time. The graph further shows a gradual decrease of pulse amplitude in time, illustrating that luminance pulse amplitude variations may also be an attribute of the recorded data on the video tape. As discussed, pulsing the luminance for fixed chrominance results in pulsing of the image intensity.

 

Data stream attributes that represent image intensity pulses on video tape or in TV signals may be created when producing a video rendition or making a moving picture of a scene, simply by pulsing the illumination of the scene. This is illustrated in FIG. 12, which shows a scene 19 that is recorded with a video camera 18, labelled “VR”. The scene is illuminated with a lamp 20, labelled “LAMP”, energized by an electric current through a cable 36. The current is modulated in pulsing fashion by a modulator 30, labeled “MOD”, which is driven by a pulse generator 6, labelled “GENERATOR”, that produces voltage pulses 35. Again, pulsing the luminance but not the chrominance amounts to pulsing the image intensity.

 

The brightness of monitors can usually be adjusted by a control, which may be addressable through a brightness adjustment terminal. If the control is of the analog type, the displayed image intensity may be pulsed as shown in FIG. 15, simply by a pulse generator 6, labeled “GEN”, that is connected to the brigthness adjustment terminal 88 of the monitor 2, labeled “MON”. Equivalent action can be provided for digital brightness controls, in ways that are well known in the art.

 

The analog component video signal from a DVD player may be modulated such as to overlay image intensity pulses in the manner illustrated in FIG. 17. Shown are a DVD player 102, labeled “DVD”, with analog component video output comprised of the luminance Y and chrominance C. The overlay is accomplished simply by shifting the luminance with a voltage pulse from generator 6, labeled “GENERATOR”. The generator output is applied to modulator 106, labeled “SHIFTER”. Since the luminance Y is pulsed without changing the chrominance C, the image intensity is pulsed. The frequency and amplitude of the image intensity pulses can be adjusted respectively with the tuner 7 and amplitude control 107. The modulator 105 has the same structure as the modulator of FIG. 2, and the pulse amplitude control 107 operates the potentiometer 15 of FIG. 2. The same procedure can be followed for editing a DVD such as to overlay image intensity pulses, by processing the modulated luminance signal through an analog-to-digital converter, and recording the resulting digital stream onto a DVD, after appropriate compression. Alternatively, the digital luminance data can be edited by electronic reading of the signal, decompression, altering the digital data by software, and recording the resulting digital signal after proper compression, all in a manner that is well known in the art.

 

The mechanism whereby a CRT-type monitor emits a pulsed electromagnetic field when pulsing the intensity of an image is illustrated in FIG. 14. The image is produced by an electron beam 10 which impinges upon the backside 88 of the screen, where the collisions excite phosphors that subsequently emit light. In the process, the electron beam deposits electrons 18 on the screen, and these electrons contribute to an electric field 3 labelled “E”. The electrons flow along the conductive backside 88 of the screen to the terminal 99 which is hooked up to the high-voltage supply 40, labelled “HV”. The circuit is completed by the ground connection of the supply, the video amplifier 87, labeled “VA”, and its connection to the cathodes of the CRT. The electron beams of the three electron guns are collectively shown as 10, and together the beams carry a current J. The electric current J flowing through the described circuit induces a magnetic field 39, labeled “B”. Actually, there are a multitude of circuits along which the electron beam current is returned to the CRT cathodes, since on a macroscopic scale the conductive back surface 88 of the screen provides a continuum of paths from the beam impact point to the high-voltage terminal 99. The magnetic fields induced by the currents along these paths partially cancel each other, and the resulting field depends on the location of the pixel that is addressed. Since the beams sweep over the screen through a raster of horizontal lines, the spectrum of the induced magnetic field contains strong peaks at the horizontal and vertical frequencies. However, the interest here is not in fields at those frequencies, but rather in emissions that result from an image pulsing with the very low frequencies appropriate to sensory resonances. For this purpose a diffuse electron current model suffices, in which the pixel discreteness and the raster motion of the electron beams are ignored, so that the beam current becomes diffuse and fills the cone subtended by the displayed image. The resulting low-frequency magnetic field depends on the temporal changes in the intensity distribution over the displayed image. Order-of-magnitude estimates show that the low-frequency magnetic field, although quite small, may be sufficient for the excitation of sensory resonances in subjects located at a normal viewing distance from the monitor.

 

The monitor also emits a low-frequency electric field at the image pulsing frequency. This field is due in part to the electrons 18 that are deposited on the screen by the electron beams 10. In the diffuse electron beam model, screen conditions are considered functions of the time t and of the Cartesian coordinates x and y over a flat CRT screen.

 

The screen electrons 18 that are dumped onto the back of the screen by the sum j(x,y,t) of the diffuse current distributions in the red, green, and blue electron beams cause a potential distribution V(x,y,t) which is influenced by the surface conductivity σ on the back of the screen and by capacitances. In the simple model where the screen has a capacitance distribution c(x,y) to ground and mutual capacitances between parts of the screen at different potentials are neglected, a potential distribution V(x,y,t) over the screen implies a surface charge density distribution

 

q=Vc(x,y),  (7)

 

and gives rise to a current density vector along the screen,

 

j s=−σgrads V,  (8)

 

where grads is the gradient along the screen surface. Conservation of electric charge implies

 

j=c{dot over (V)}−div s (σgrad s V),  (9)

 

where the dot over the voltage denotes the time derivative, and divs is the divergence in the screen surface. The partial differential equation (9) requires a boundary condition for the solution V(x,y,t) to be unique. Such a condition is provided by setting the potential at the rim of the screen equal to the fixed anode voltage. This is a good approximation, since the resistance Rr between the screen rim and the anode terminal is chosen small in CRT design, in order to keep the voltage loss JRr to a minimum, and also to limit low-frequency emissions.

 

Something useful can be learned from special cases with simple solutions. As such, consider a circular CRT screen of radius R with uniform conductivity, showered in the back by a diffuse electron beam with a spatially uniform beam current density that is a constant plus a sinusoidal part with frequency ∫. Since the problem is linear, the voltage V due to the sinusoidal part of the beam current can be considered separately, with the boundary condition that V vanish at the rim of the circular screen. Eq. (9) then simplifies to

 

V″+V″/r−i2π∫cn V=−Jη/A, r≦R,  (10)

 

where r is a radial coordinate along the screen with its derivative denoted by a prime, η=1/σ is the screen resistivity, A the screen area, J the sinusoidal part of the total beam current, and i=(−1), the imaginary unit. Our interest is in very low pulse frequencies ∫ that are suitable for excitation of sensory resonances. For those frequencies and for practical ranges for c and η, the dimensionless number 2π∫cAη is very much smaller than unity, so that it can be neglected in Eq. (10). The boundary value problem then has the simple solution V  ( r ) = J     η 4  π  ( 1 - ( r / R ) 2 ) . ( 11 )

Figure US06506148-20030114-M00001

 

In deriving (11) we neglected the mutual capacitance between parts of the screen that are at different potentials. The resulting error in (10) is negligible for the same reason that the i2π∫cAη term in (10) can be neglected.

 

The potential distribution V(r) of (11) along the screen is of course accompanied by electric charges. The field lines emanating from these charges run mainly to conductors behind the screen that belong to the CRT structure and that are either grounded or connected to circuitry with a low impedance path to ground. In either case the mentioned conductors must be considered grounded in the analysis of charges and fields that result from the pulsed component J of the total electron beam current. The described electric field lines end up in electric charges that may be called polarization charges since they are the result of the polarization of the conductors and circuitry by the screen emission. To estimate the pulsed electric field, a model is chosen where the mentioned conductors are represented together as a grounded perfectly conductive disc of radius R, positioned a short distance δ behind the screen, as depicted in FIG. 16. Since the grounded conductive disc carries polarization charges, it is called the polarization disc. FIG. 16 shows the circular CRT screen 88 and the polarization disc 101, briefly called “plates”. For small distances δ, the capacitance density between the plates of opposite polarity is nearly equal to ε/δ, where ε is the permittivity of free space. The charge distributions on the screen and polarization disc are respectively εV(r)/δ+q0 and −εV(r)/δ+q0, where the εV(r)/δ terms denote opposing charge densities at the end of the dense field lines that run between the two plates. That the part q0 is needed as well will become clear in the sequel.

 

The charge distributions εV(r)/δ+q0 and −εV(r)/δ+q0 on the two plates have a dipole moment with the density D  ( r ) = εV  ( r ) = J     ηε 4  π  ( 1 - ( r / R ) 2 ) , ( 12 )

Figure US06506148-20030114-M00002

 

directed perpendicular to the screen. Note that the plate separation δ has dropped out. This means that the precise location of the polarization charges is not critical in the present model, and further that δ may be taken as small as desired. Taking δ to zero, one thus arrives at the mathematical model of pulsed dipoles distributed over the circular CRT screen. The field due to the charge distribution q0 will be calculated later.

 

The electric field induced by the distributed dipoles (12) can be calculated easily for points on the centerline of the screen, with the result E  ( z ) = V  ( 0 ) R  { 2  ρ / R - R / ρ - 2   z  / R } , ( 13 )

Figure US06506148-20030114-M00003

 

where V(0) is the pulse voltage (11) at the screen center, ρ the distance to the rim of the screen, and z the distance to the center of the screen. Note that V(0) pulses harmonically with frequency ∫, because in (11) the sinusoidal part J of the beam current varies in this manner.

 

The electric field (13) due to the dipole distribution causes a potential distribution V(r)/2 over the screen and a potential distribution of −V(r)/2 over the polarization disc, where V(r) is nonuniform as given by (11). But since the polarization disc is a perfect conductor it cannot support voltage gradients, and therefore cannot have the potential distribution −V(r)/2. Instead, the polarization disc is at ground potential. This is where the charge distribution q0(r) comes in; it must be such as to induce a potential distribution V(r)/2 over the polarization disc. Since the distance between polarization disc and screen vanishes in the mathematical model, the potential distribution V(r)/2 is induced over the screen as well. The total potential over the monitor screen thus becomes V(r) of (11), while the total potential distribution over the polarization disc becomes uniformly zero. Both these potential distributions are as physically required. The electric charges q0 are moved into position by polarization and are partly drawn from the earth through the ground connection of the CRT.

 

In our model the charge distribution q0 is located at the same place as the dipole distribution, viz., on the plane z=0 within the circle with radius R. At points on the center line of the screen, the electric field due to the monopole distribution q0 is calculated in the following manner. As discussed, the monopoles must be such that they cause a potential φ0 that is equal to V(r)/2 over the disc with radius R centered in the plane z=0. Although the charge distribution q0(r) is uniquely defined by this condition, it cannot be calculated easily in a straightforward manner. The difficulty is circumvented by using an intermediate result derived from Excercise 2 on page 191 of Kellogg (1953), where the charge distribution over a thin disc with uniform potential is given. By using this result one readily finds the potential φ*(z) on the axis of this disc as φ *  ( z ) = 2 π  V *  β  ( R 1 ) , ( 14 )

Figure US06506148-20030114-M00004

 

where β(R1) is the angle subtended by the disc radius R1, as viewed from the point z on the disc axis, and V* is the disc potential. The result is used here in an attempt to construct the potential φ0(z) for a disc with the nonuniform potential V(r)/2, by the ansatz of writing the field as due to a linear combination of abstract discs with various radii R1 and potentials, all centered in the plane z=0. In the ansatz the potential on the symmetry axis is written φ 0  ( z ) = α     β  ( R ) + b  ∫ 0 R  β  ( R 1 )   W , ( 15 )

Figure US06506148-20030114-M00005

 

where W is chosen as the function 1−R1 2/R2, and the constants a and b are to be determined such that the potential over the plane z=0 is V(r)/2 for radii r ranging from 0 to R, with V(r) given by (11). Carrying out the integration in (15) gives

 

φ0(z)=αβ(R)−b{(1+z 2 /R 2)β(R)−|z|/R}.  (16)

 

In order to find the potential over the disc r<R in the plane z=0, the function φ0(z) is expanded in powers of z/R for 0<z<R, whereafter the powers zn are replaced by rnPn(cosθ), where the Pn are Legendre polynomials, and (r,θ) are symmetric spherical coordinates centered at the screen center. This procedure amounts to a continuation of the potential from the z-axis into the half ball r0, in such a manner that the Laplace equation is satisfied. The method is discussed by Morse and Feshbach (1953). The “Laplace continuation” allows calculation of the potential φ0 along the surface of the disc r0, the parts (13) and (19) contribute about equally to the electric field over a practical range of distances z. When going behind the monitor where z is negative the monopole field flips sign so that the two parts nearly cancel each other, and the resulting field is very small. Therefore, in the back of the CRT, errors due to imperfections in the theory are relatively large. Moreover our model, which pretends that the polarization charges are all located on the polarization disc, fails to account for the electric field flux that escapes from the outer regions of the back of the screen to the earth or whatever conductors happen to be present in the vincinity of the CRT. This flaw has relatively more serious consequences in the back than in front of the monitor.

 

Screen emissions in front of a CRT can be cut dramatically by using a grounded conductive transparent shield that is placed over the screen or applied as a coating. Along the lines of our model, the shield amounts to a polarization disc in front of the screen, so that the latter is now sandwiched between to grounded discs. The screen has the pulsed potential distribution V(r) of (11), but no electric flux can escape. The model may be modified by choosing the polarization disc in the back somewhat smaller than the screen disc, by a fraction that serves as a free parameter. The fraction may then be determined from a fit to measured fields, by minimizing the relative standard deviation between experiment and theory.

 

In each of the electron beams of a CRT, the beam current is a nonlinear function of the driving voltage, i.e., the voltage between cathode and control grid. Since this function is needed in the normalization procedure, it was measured for the 15″ computer monitor that has been used in the ½ Hz sensory resonance experiments and the electric field measurements. Although the beam current density j can be determined, it is easier to measure the luminance, by reading a light meter that is brought right up to the monitor screen. With the RGB values in the VB6 program taken as the same integer K, the luminance of a uniform image is proportional to the image intensity I. The luminance of a uniform image was measured for various values of K. The results were fitted with

 

I=c 1 K γ,  (20)

 

where c1 is a constant. The best fit, with 6.18% relative standard deviation, was obtained for γ=2.32.

 

Screen emissions also occur for liquid crystal displays (LCD). The pulsed electric fields may have considerable amplitude for LCDs that have their driving electrodes on opposite sides of the liquid crystal cell, for passive matrix as well as for active matrix design, such as thin film technology (TFT). For arrangements with in-plane switching (IPS) however, the driving electrodes are positioned in a single plane, so that the screen emission is very small. For arrangements other than IPS, the electric field is closely approximated by the frin

Kim (on the left) is holding Norm (on the right). Norm is one of our garage cats. Last year we noticed that Norm was getting fed at a house around the corner from us. He even seems to have a permanent bowl on the step.

 

At first he pretended that he didn't know us, but, after he realized that he had been outed as a two-timer (or, really, who knows how many houses have fallen in for his evening-formal good looks and pink-nose charm?) he consented to follow us home on our walks.

 

Here Kim is carrying him to avoid wear and tear on his paws.

 

I used a little bit of Topaz Adjust to soften up the shadows.

La douche n'est pas prévue avant le retour !

According to Realtime Trains the route and timings were;

Ramsgate E.M.U.D. ...............1452...........................1512....................20L

RmMiExtDept Minster End...1452 1/2....................1512.....................19L

Minster East Junction ...........1456 1/2....................1516.....................19L

Minster [MSR] 2.......................1458...........................1518 1/2..............20L

Canterbury West 1..................1514............................1536...................22L

Wye [WYE]................................1527 1/2....................1546....................18L

Ashford International ............1531 1/2.....................1552 3/4.............21L

Ashford International T.........1534/1554................1551/1552.............2E

Headcorn [HCN] UM.............1606 1/2....................1602......................4E

Paddock Wood UM...............1616............................1611........................4E

Tonbridge [TON] 2.................1623...........................1622.......................1E

Sevenoaks [SEV] 1..................1633...........................1633 1/4...............RT

Chelsfield [CLD]......................1641 1/2.....................1638 3/4...............2E

Orpington [ORP] 2..................1643 1/2....................1641 1/4.................2E

Petts Wood Junction.............1649...........................1644 1/2................4E

Bickley Junction[XLY]...........1651 1/2.....................1647 3/4................3E

Bromley South [BMS]............1655..........................1651 3/4................3E

Shortlands [SRT].....................1657...........................1654 3/4................1E

Shortlands Junction...............1657 1/2....................1655 3/4................1E

Bellingham [BGM]...................1702 1/2....................1658......................4E

Nunhead [NHD] 1....................1706 1/2....................1703 1/2................2E

Peckham Rye [PMR] 3...........1708...........................1704 1/2................3E

Crofton Road Junction..........1709...........................1706 1/4................2E

Denmark Hill [DMK] 3............1710............................1706......................4E

Voltaire Road Junction.........1715............................1710 3/4................4E

Factory Junction.....................1716 1/2.....................1713........................3E

Longhedge Junction.............1721............................1718........................3E

Latchmere Junction...............1724...........................1721........................2E

Imperial Wharf [IMW] 2..........1727...........................1723 1/4................3E

West Brompton [WBP] 4.......1729...........................1726 3/4...............2E

Kensington Olympia .............1732...........................1730 1/4.................1E

Shepherds Bush [SPB] 2......1733...........................1732 3/4...............RT

North Pole Signal Vc813.......1734 1/2.....................1734 3/4...............RT

North Pole Junction...............1735...........................1734 1/2...............RT

Mitre Bridge Junction............1737...........................1736 3/4...............RT

Willesden West Ldn Jn.........1739...........................1738 1/4................RT

Acton Lane Recept Sdgs.....1741 1/2/1743 1/2.....1739/1739.............4E

Willesden No7 [XXW]............1745 1/2....................1740.......................5E

Wembley Yard South Jn.......1748 1/2.....................1742.......................6E

Willesden Sudbury Jn...........1750...........................1743 1/2................6E

Wembley Central 5................1751 1/2.....................1744 1/2................7E

Harrow & Wealdstone 5.......1755...........................1749.......................6E

Watford Junction 8................1801...........................1757.......................4E

Apsley [APS] 3.........................1808 1/2....................1806 1/2................2E

Hemel Hempstead 3.............1810 1/2.....................1809.......................1E

Bourne End Junction.............1812............................1810 1/4..................1E

Berkhamsted [BKM] 3............1815 1/2.....................1813 3/4.................1E

Tring [TRI] 3..............................1821............................1818 1/4.................2E

Cheddington [CED] 3............1825 1/2....................1821 3/4................3E

Ledburn Junction[XOD]........1827 1/2....................1822 3/4...............4E

Leighton Buzzard 3................1829 1/2....................1825......................4E

Bletchley [BLY] 6....................1836 1/2/1838 1/2....1832/1832 3/4.....5E

Fenny Stratford [FEN]............1844 1/2....................1837 1/4.................7E

Bow Brickhill [BWB]...............1846 1/2....................1843 1/2................2E

Woburn Sands [WOB]...........1851............................1847 1/4.................3E

Aspley Guise [APG]................1853 1/2....................1850 1/4................3E

Ridgmont [RID]........................1858...........................1853 3/4...............4E

Lidlington [LID]........................1902 1/2....................1857 3/4...............4E

Millbrook (Bedfordshire) .......1906/1949................1902 1/4/1925..24E

Bedford St Johns [BSJ] 1.......1956 1/2....................1932...................24E

Bedford [BDM] 2.....................2001..........................2001 1/4...............RT

Bedford North Junction........2002 1/2...................2002....................RT

Sharnbrook Junction.............2013 1/2/2016 1/2...2011/2011 3/4.......4E

Wellingborough [WEL] 1........2022 1/2...................2021.......................1E

Harrowden Junction..............2024 1/2...................2022 3/4...............1E

Kettering SouthJunction......2028.........................2026 3/4...............1E

Kettering [KET] 4.....................2029 1/2...................2028 1/4................1E

Kettering North Junction......2032.........................2030 1/2................1E

Market Harborough 1............2042.........................2038 1/4...............3E

Kilby Bridge Junction............2052 1/2/2129 1/2..2047/2125...........4E

Wigston North Junction........2131............................2127 3/4...............3E

Knighton Junction..................2133 1/2....................2130 3/4...............2E

Leicester South Jn.................2135...........................2132......................2E

Leicester [LEI] 2......................2135 1/2....................2134 1/2...............RT

Leicester North Jn..................2136 1/2....................2135 1/4.................1E

Humberstone Road UDG.....2137 1/2/2217 1/2....2137/2205.........12E

Humberstone Road Jn..........2218 1/2....................2206 3/4.............11E

Syston [SYS]............................2222 1/2...................2215 1/4................7E

Syston South Junction..........2222 1/2...................2215......................7E

Syston North Junction..........2223.........................2215 1/2................7E

Sileby [SIL]................................2225.........................2219......................6E

Sileby Junction.......................2225 1/2...................2219 1/4................6E

Mountsorrel Sidings..............2226 1/2...................2221 1/4................4E

Barrow upon Soar .................2227..........................2221 1/2................5E

Loughborough South Jn......2229.........................2224 3/4..............4E

Loughborough 1.....................2229 1/2...................2225 1/4...............4E

Loughborough North Jn.......2230.........................2226.....................4E

Kegworth..................................2236 1/2...................2231 1/4................4E

East Midlands Pway 1............2239.........................2234 1/4...............4E

Ratcliffe Junction....................2239 1/2...................2234 1/2...............4E

Trent South Junction.............2241...........................2236 1/2...............4E

Sheet Stores Junction...........2242.........................2237 1/2...............4E

Long Eaton [LGE] 2................2242 1/2...................2240 1/2................1E

Draycott....................................2244..........................2244....................RT

Spondon [SPO] 2....................2247..........................2247 1/2..............RT

Derby Way & Works Sdn......2252.........................2251.....................RT

Derby [DBY] DGL....................2255/2318...............2254/2300........18E

Derby Litchurch Lane............2323..........................2301...................22E

 

Cruising up highway 63 on the first day of our Christmas trip I happened upon the CN backing its train out to Hayward Jct. after switching the LP mill. I missed the caboose (shoving platform) but was able to nab the power going away. CN 5728, December 23, 2011.

According to Realtime Trains the route and timings were;

Weston-super-Mare ...........0945...........................1013 1/4....................28L

Weston Milton [WNM]........0947...........................1015 3/4....................28L

Worle Junction....................0948...........................1016 1/2.....................28L

Worle [WOR]........................0949 1/2/0950 1/2..1018/1019..................28L

Yatton [YAT].........................0955 1/2/0956 1/2..1024 3/4/1025 1/2..29L

Nailsea & Backwell ...........1001 1/2/1002 1/2.....1030 3/4/1031 1/2...29L

Flax Bourton........................1005...........................1034 3/4...................29L

Parson Street Junction.....1009...........................1038 1/4....................29L

Parson Street [PSN]...........1009...........................1038 1/2....................29L

Bedminster [BMT]...............1010............................1040..........................29L

Bristol West Junction........1011..............................1041...........................30L

Bristol Temple Meads ......1013/1021...................1042 1/4/1051 3/4...30L

Bristol East Junction..........1022............................1053...........................31L

Dr Day's Junction................1022 1/2.....................1054...........................31L

Lawrence Hill [LWH]..........1024............................1056 1/4....................32L

Stapleton Road [SRD]........1026 1/2.....................1058 1/4.....................31L

Narroways Hill Junction...1028............................1058 3/4...................30L

Filton Abbey Wood ...........1031 1/2/1032 1/2......1103/1104...................31L

Patchway [PWY]..................1036/1037..................1106/1108 1/4............31L

Pilning [PIL]...........................1041.............................1112.............................31L

Severn Tunnel East............1042 1/2.....................1113............................30L

Severn Tunnel West..........1046 1/2.....................1116 1/2......................30L

Severn Tunnel Jn ..............1048/1049.................1118 1/2/1119 3/4......30L

Llanwern West Junction...1058............................1127 1/4.....................29L

Maindee West Junction....1100............................1129 1/2.....................29L

Newport [NWP]...................1103/1105...................1130 3/4/1133...........28L

Ebbw Junction....................1107 1/2.......................1135 1/2.....................28L

Marshfield............................1114..............................1138...........................24L

Cardiff Central [CDF] 2......1124.............................1146...........................22L

 

Working The 4L09 11.18 Tinsley Intermodal Term To Felixstowe North F.L.T. The Route And Timings Were

Tinsley Intermodal Term 11.18 . 11.00 18E

Shepcote Lane Jn 11.22 No Report

Tinsley South Jn 11.23 1/2 No Report

Tinsley North Jn 11.24 1/2 No Report

Tinsley East Jn 11.25 . 11.23 3/4 1E

Rotherham Central 11.33 . 11.31 3/4 1E

Rotherham Parkgate Jn 11.35 1/2 . 11.34 1/4 1E

Aldwarke Jn 11.39 . 11.37 3/4 1E

Swinton (South Yorkshire) 11.44 . 11.42 3/4 1E

Mexborough 11.47 . 11.45 1/4 1E

Conisbrough 11.51 1/2 . 11.48 3E

Hexthorpe Jn 11.57 . 11.52 1/2 4E

Bentley Jn 12.02 To 12.12 N/R 12.00 3/4 11E

Kirk Sandall Jn 12.17 . 12.05 1/2 11E

Kirk Sandall 12.18 1/2 . 12.06 12E

Hatfield & Stainforth [HFS] 12.27 To 12.57 12.11 1/2 . 12.51 6E

Kirk Sandall 13.04 . 12.56 1/2 7E

Kirk Sandall Jn 13.05 . 12.57 7E

Bentley Jn 13.07 1/2 . 13.00 7E

Donc. Marshgate Jn 13.10 . 13.03 1/4 6E

Doncaster 13.11 . 13.04 1/4 6E

Doncaster Up Decoy F'liner 13.18 To 17.56 No Report

Potteric Carr Jn 18.00 . 17.49 1/4 10E

Black Carr Jn (Doncaster) 18.01 . 17.50 10E

Bessacarr Jn 18.02 . 17.51 1/4 10E

Beckingham Loop 18.20 To 18.38 1/2 18.11 . 18.34 4E

Gainsborough Trent Jns 18.43 1/2 . 18.37 1/2 5E

Gainsborough Lea Road 18.45 . 18.41 1/4 3E

Stow Park 18.52 1/2 . 18.48 1/4 3E

Saxilby 18.59 . 18.53 1/4 5E

Pyewipe Jn 19.07 . 18.58 9E

West Holmes Jn 19.08 . 18.59 1/4 8E

Lincoln Central 19.10 1/2 . 19.01 1/4 9E

Pelham Street Jn 19.11 . 19.01 1/2 9E

Metheringham 19.24 1/2 . 19.13 11E

Ruskington 19.33 1/2 . 19.20 13E

Sleaford North Jn 19.36 . 19.22 1/2 13E

Sleaford South Jn 19.38 . 19.24 1/4 13E

Quadring Signal Ws7070 19.51 . 19.34 1/2 16E

Spalding 20.00 1/2 . 19.42 1/2 17E

Littleworth 20.08 . 19.48 1/2 18E

Werrington Jn 20.20 . 20.06 1/2 13E

New England Nth Jn 20.23 1/2 . 20.09 3/4 13E

P'boro Eastfield Jn [XPQ] 20.28 To 20.36 No Report

Spital South Junction P458 20.37 1/2 No Report

Peterborough 20.39 . 20.25 3/4 13E

Peterborough Signal 434 20.41 To 20.43 20.27 1/2 . 20.30 12E

Peterborough East Jn 20.44 . 20.31 1/4 12E

Whittlesea 20.51 1/2 . 20.39 12E

Three Horse Shoes 20.57 No Report

March West Jn 21.04 No Report

March East Jn 21.04 1/2 No Report

March 21.04 1/2 . 20.50 14E

March South 21.05 No Report

Stonea 21.08 1/2 No Report

Manea 21.10 1/2 . 20.56 1/4 14E

Third Drove 21.18 1/2 . 21.02 1/2 15E

Ely West Jn 21.25 . 21.07 17E

Ely North Jn 21.26 1/2 . 21.08 1/2 17E

Ely Up Goods Loop 21.31 To 21.42 21.12 . 21.14 28E

Ely Dock Jn 21.44 No Report

Soham 21.50 . 21.21 28E

Chippenham Jn 21.58 . 21.30 27E

Kennet 22.01 1/2 . 21.33 28E

Kennet Redland Ground Frme 22.03 1/2 . 21.34 1/2 28E

Bury St Edmunds Dgl 22.16 No Report

Bury St Edmunds 22.16 . 21.44 1/4 31E

Thurston 22.23 . 21.50 1/4 32E

Elmswell 22.30 . 21.58 3/4 31E

Haughley Jn 22.36 . 22.12 3/4 23E

Stowmarket 22.40 1/2 . 22.16 3/4 23E

Stowmarket D.G.L. 22.41 . 22.17 1/4 23E

Needham Market 22.44 1/2 . 22.20 24E

Claydon 22.48 No Report

Ipswich Europa Junction 22.51 1/2 . 22.25 26E

Ipswich Signal Co352 22.53 To 22.55 22.35 . 22.39 16E

Ipswich Boss Hall Jn 22.56 . 22.39 1/2 16E

Westerfield 23.02 1/2 . 22.50 12E

Derby Road [DBR] 23.09 1/2 To 23.37 1/2 22.55 . 23.37 RT

Levington Signal Fw9017 23.41 . 23.46 5L

Levington Signal Fw9023 23.44 1/2 . 23.50 5L

Gun Lane Junction 23.47 . 23.52 5L

Trimley 23.49 . 23.55 6L

Felixstowe North F.L.T. 23.58 . 00.04 6L

... if you want to avoid getting drenched. Of course, not everyone did want to avoid getting drenched. :)

 

Before visiting the Shard yesterday I had a wander around the surrounding area and came across these fountains near the river. Actually, if I'm being honest, I'd have to say that I only saw them because I took the wrong exit from London Bridge station. The Shard is right next door if you leave by the correct exit. That would be the exit with a sign saying 'The Shard' and an arrow pointing towards it. :)))

 

I couldn't decide if I preferred this image in colour or mono, but I think the mono has the edge for me.

LJ15 JZM + LK11 CXU

Heathrow Central

Overview of the timings from the detector. To simulate the ambient light one IR laser is set in continue mode. The signal level on the detector for this simulated light was about 65 ( right side diagram) the ADC has a range of 2.56V, so 65 means .65V or 650 mV. The left side of the diagram show where the second but now pulsed IR laser come in action. This pulsed light goes now to level 105 or 400 mV above the simulated ambient.

 

On the diagram you see also how long its take to transfert a data string via the SPI bus. This time is 1.83 usec to transfert one 8 bit ADC value. The total cycle time for 2 measurements is 65.35 usec. On the diagram you see also where the laser drive is on and off. The AVR controller runs on the internal clock of 8 MHz.

 

Working The 664U 14.05 Arpley Sidings To Bescot Down Side According To Realtime Trains The Route And Timings Were

Arpley Sidings 14.05 No Report

Walton Old Jn 14.08 No Report

Acton Grange Jn 14.11 .13.57 13E

Weaver Jn 14.18 1/2 . 14.04 1/4 14E

Acton Bridge 14.20 1/2 . 14.07 1/4 13E

Hartford Jn 14.22 1/2 . 14.12 10E

Hartford 14.23 1/2 . 14.14 9E

Winsford 14.28 . 14.19 1/2 8E

Crewe Coal Yard 14.41 . 14.39 12E

Crewe Salop Goods Jn 14.47 To 14.49 14.34 . 14.34 15E

Crewe Ssn Signal Box 14.51 1/2 No Report

Crewe Bas Hall S.S.N. 14.51 1/2 No Report

Crewe Bas Hall S.S.M. 14.53 No Report

Crewe Bas Hall S.S.S. 14.54 1/2 No Report

Crewe Basford Hall Jn 14.56 1/2 . 14.43 13E

Betley Road Sb 15.01 No Report

Madeley (Staffs) 15.06 . 14.52 14E

Whitmore 15.09 No Report

Norton Bridge 15.17 . 15.06 1/4 10E

Little Bridgeford Jn 15.22 1/2 . 15.07 15E

Stafford Doxey Junction 15.28 No Report

Stafford North Jn 15.28 1/2 No Report

Stafford 15.29 . 15.13 16E

Stafford South Jn 15.29 No Report

Stafford Trent Valley Jn 15.30 . 15.15 15E

Rickerscote 15.31 No Report

Penkridge 15.36 1/2 No Report

Four Ashes Loop 15.40 1/2 No Report

Bushbury Jn 15.46 1/2 . 15.45 1E

Portobello Jn (West Mids) 15.53 . 15.49 4E

Darlaston Jn 15.57 1/2 . 15.53 4E

Bescot Jn 16.01 . 16.05 5L

Bescot Down Side {XBY} 16.04 . 16.09 5L

It was also photographed earlier on route by Steve Franklin at Reading, by Andrew Shapland approaching Prune Hill crossing, Egham and later on route by adammcmillan97 at Paddock Wood. Class 37 number 706 brought up the rear.

 

According to Realtime Trains the route and timings were;

Reading [RDG] 7.....................0818...............0818.............................RT

Reading New Junction..........0821...............0821.............................RT

Reading Spur Junction.........0823/0830..N/R/0830 1/2.............RT

Earley [EAR] 1...........................0834..............0837..............................3L

Winnersh Triangle [WTI] 1.....0836..............0838 1/2......................2L

Winnersh [WNS] 1...................0837 1/2........0840............................2L

Wokingham [WKM] 1..............0842/0845..0844 1/2/0847 1/4.....2L

Bracknell [BCE] 1.....................0851 1/2........0855.............................3L

Martins Heron [MAO].............0853..............0858............................5L

Ascot [ACT] 1............................0856/0906..0859 3/4/0908 3/4..2L

Sunningdale [SNG] 1..............0910...............0912 1/2.......................2L

Longcross [LNG] 1..................0913...............0914 1/4........................1L

Virginia Water [VIR] 1.............0916...............0916 1/2.......................RT

Egham [EGH] 1.........................0921 1/2........0921 1/4.......................RT

Staines [SNS] 1.........................0927/0929..0926/0929 1/4..........RT

Ashford (Surrey) [AFS] 1.........0932 1/2.......0932 1/4......................RT

Feltham [FEL] 1........................0937..............0936............................RT

Feltham Junction....................0939..............0938 1/2......................RT

Hounslow Junction................0939 1/2.......0939 1/2......................RT

Hounslow [HOU] 1..................0941/0943....0941 1/4/0942 3/4....RT

Isleworth [ISL] 1........................0945 1/2.......0946............................RT

Syon Lane [SYL] 1...................0946..............0947 1/2.......................1L

Brentford [BFD] 1.....................0947..............0948.............................1L

Old Kew Junction...................0948..............0948 1/2......................RT

Kew Bridge [KWB] 1................0948 1/2.......0949............................RT

New Kew Junction.................0949..............0949 1/2......................RT

Chiswick [CHK] 1.....................0951/0953...0951/0955 1/4...........2L

Barnes Bridge [BNI] 1.............0957..............0957 3/4.....................RT

Barnes [BNS] 1.........................0959..............0958 3/4.....................RT

Putney [PUT] 1.........................1003/1006....1001 1/4/1007 1/4........1L

Wandsworth Town 4.............1009 1/2........1009 3/4......................RT

Clapham Junction [CLJ] 3....1012/1022.....1011 1/2/1024...............2L

Factory Junction.....................1028 1/2........1030..............................1L

Voltaire Road Junction ........1029 1/2........1031...............................1L

Denmark Hill [DMK] 2............1035...............1036..............................1L

Crofton Road Junction..........1036...............1038 3/4......................2L

Peckham Rye [PMR] 4...........1036 1/2.........1039 3/4.......................3L

Nunhead [NHD] 2...................1038...............1041 1/2.........................3L

Bellingham [BGM]...................1043...............1046 1/4........................3L

Shortlands Junction[XOR]....1051................1050.............................RT

Shortlands [SRT].....................1052...............1051 1/2........................RT

Bromley South [BMS] 3.........1056/1059....1054 1/2/1058 3/4.....RT

Bickley Junction[XLY]...........1103................1104 1/4.........................1L

Petts Wood Junction[XPE]...1105 1/2.........1112...............................6L

Orpington [ORP] 3..................1108 1/2..........1115...............................6L

Chelsfield [CLD]......................1110.................1117 1/4..........................7L

Sevenoaks [SEV] 3.................1118.................1124 1/4........................6L

Tonbridge [TON] DF..............1128................1130..............................2L

Paddock Wood [PDW] DM...1136................1135 1/2........................RT

Headcorn [HCN] 2..................1150/1208.....1151/1207......................1E

Ashford International 6.........1225...............1228 1/2........................3L

Canterbury West [CBW] 2....1245...............1245 3/4......................RT

 

Overview test setup to measure the timing off the flash in TTL mode. 2 BC546 transistors are used as interface to the flash shoe. A BPW34 photodiode is used as detector and connected to the logic analyser (or scoop). Shoe connection layout is added.

 

For the timing values see: www.flickr.com/photos/fotoopa_hs/3709381751/

 

Photo of the setup: www.flickr.com/photos/fotoopa_hs/3709619306/

 

Perfect timing of sunset while checking out the old mill at Goat Farm Art Center in Atlanta (a legit walkabout). Processed from 32-bit HDR, finished in CEP4 and LR5.

Overview of the frame range and the timings with the external VS14 shutter.

 

Min picture frame 16.5 mm, lens set to min focus point.

Max picture frame 80.0 mm lens set to max focus point.

 

Minimal useful shutterlag: 3.3 msec ( 0.2msec better than the specs).

Minimal shutter pulswidth: 3.0 msec

Minimal exposure time: <5.0 msec or 1/200 sec. (conform the specs).

 

Used shutter voltage: 65V

90V Transorb protection diodes used on the magnet:( for safe operation driver).

To adjust the focus you need to open the external shutter. This can be done via 5V continue on the magnet. This is also tested by my new driver. The shutter will perfectly meet the specs and expectations.

 

Update List of frame versus distance:

 

Free Distance ...... Frame

410 mm ............... 80 mm

360 mm ............... 70 mm

310 mm ............... 60 mm

280 mm ............... 50 mm

235 mm ............... 45 mm

215 mm ............... 40 mm

190 mm ............... 35 mm

165 mm ............... 30 mm

147 mm ............... 25 mm

125 mm ............... 20 mm

112 mm ............... 17 mm

 

Working The 4L84 09.51 Leeds F.L.T. To Ipswich S.S. According To Realtime Trains The Route And Timings Were

Leeds F.L.T. 09.51 . 09.47 4E

Stourton Jn 09.53 . 09.49 3E

Woodlesford 09.57 . 09.56 3/4 RT

Methley Jn 10.01 . 10.00 RT

Altofts Jn 10.03 . 10.02 1/2 RT

Normanton 10.04 1/2 . 10.05 1/2 RT

Turners Lane Jn 10.09 1/2 . 10.11 3/4 2L

Calder Bridge Jn 10.12 . 10.14 1/2 2L

Oakenshaw Jn 10.13 1/2 . 10.16 1/2 3L

Crofton West Jn 10.15 . 10.18 1/4 3L

Hare Park Junction 10.18 1/2 . 10.22 1/4 3L

Fitzwilliam 10.22 . 10.27 1/4 5L

Hemsworth Loop 10.23 . 10.28 4L

South Kirkby Jn 10.26 . 10.30 1/4 4L

South Elmsall 10.27 . 10.31 1/4 4L

Adwick Jn 10.30 1/2 . 10.34 1/4 3L

Carcroft Jn 10.32 1/2 . 10.35 2L

Adwick 10.33 . 10.35 1/2 2L

Bentley (South Yorkshire) 10.37 1/2 . 10.37 1/4 RT

Donc. Marshgate Jn 10.40 1/2 . 10.39 1/4 RT

Doncaster 10.41 . 10.40 3/4 RT

Doncaster Up Decoy F'liner 10.46 1/2 To 11.56 No Report

Potteric Carr Jn 11.59 . 11.54 1/4 4E

Black Carr Jn (Doncaster) 12.00 . 11.55 5E

Bessacarr Jn 12.01 . 11.56 1/2 4E

Beckingham Loop 12.19 To 12.38 No Report

Gainsborough Trent Jns 12.43 . 12.35 1/2 7E

Gainsborough Lea Road 12.44 1/2 . 12.39 3/4 4E

Stow Park 12.51 1/2 . 12.47 4E

Saxilby 12.57 1/2 . 12.53 1/4 4E

Pyewipe Jn 13.03 1/2 . 13.02 1E

West Holmes Jn 13.04 1/2 . 13.03 3/4 RT

Lincoln Central 13.07 . 13.05 3/4 1E

Pelham Street Jn 13.07 1/2 . 13.06 1E

Metheringham 13.21 . 13.18 1/2 2E

Ruskington 13.30 . 13.27 2E

Sleaford North Jn 13.32 1/2 . 13.30 2E

Sleaford South Jn 13.34 1/2 . 13.32 2E

Quadring Signal Ws7070 13.45 1/2 . 13.43 1/2 1E

Spalding 13.53 . 13.52 1/4 RT

Littleworth 14.01 1/2 . 13.58 1/4 2E

Werrington Jn 14.14 1/2 . 14.08 3/4 5E

New England Nth Jn 14.17 1/2 . 14.10 3/4 6E

Peterborough 14.21 . 14.16 4E

Peterborough Signal 434 14.23 To 14.28 14.17 1/4 . 14.21 1/4 6E

Peterborough East Jn 14.29 . 14.22 3/4 6E

Whittlesea 14.36 . 14.30 6E

Three Horse Shoes 14.40 No Report

March West Jn 14.45 No Report

March 14.45 1/2 . 14.38 7E

March East Jn 14.45 1/2 No Report

Stonea 14.50 1/2 No Report

Manea 14.52 1/2 . 14.45 1/4 7E

Third Drove 14.58 . 14.50 7E

Ely West Jn 15.02 . 14.53 1/4 8E

Ely North Jn 15.03 . 15.02 1E

Ely Up Goods Loop 15.07 To 15.09 No Report

Ely Dock Jn 15.11 . 15.06 4E

Soham 15.17 . 15.12 1/4 4E

Chippenham Jn 15.25 . 15.29 1/4 4L

Kennet 15.29 1/2 . 15.35 5L

Kennet Redland Ground Frme 15.31 1/2 . 15.37 1/4 5L

Bury St Edmunds Dgl 15.45 No Report

Bury St Edmunds 15.45 . 15.47 2L

Thurston 15.51 1/2 . 15.54 2L

Elmswell 15.58 1/2 . 16.01 2L

Haughley Jn 16.04 . 16.05 1L

Stowmarket 16.07 . 16.09 1/2 2L

Stowmarket D.G.L. 16.07 1/2 . 16.10 1/2 3L

Needham Market 16.11 1/2 . 16.15 1/4 4L

Ipswich Europa Junction 16.19 1/2 . 16.20 1/4 RT

Ipswich East Suffolk Jn 16.22 . 16.24 2L

Ipswich S.S. 16.24 To 17.02 16.26 . 16.28 34E

Ipswich East Suffolk Jn 17.04 No Report

Ipswich Signal Co832 17.06 To 17.11 No Report

Ipswich East Suffolk Jn 17.14 No Report

Ipswich S.S. 17.16 . 17.09 7E

According to Realtime Trains the route and timings were;

London Victoria [VIC] 2.....0943........................0943........................RT

Voltaire Road Junction......0947 1/2..................0949.........................1L

Brixton [BRX]........................0949 1/2..................0952 1/4..................2L

Herne Hill [HNH] 3..............0952........................0955 1/4...................3L

Tulse Hill [TUH] 2................0956........................0958 3/4.................2L

Streatham [STE] 1................0959........................1001 3/4...................2L

Streatham South Jn...........1000 1/2..................1003 1/2....................3L

Tooting [TOO] 2..................1002.........................1005 1/2....................3L

Haydons Road [HYR] 2.....1004.........................1007 1/4....................3L

Wimbledon [WIM] 9............1006/1007 1/2........1009/NoRep............3L

Raynes Park [RAY] 3..........1011 1/2.....................1012 1/2.....................1L

New Malden [NEM] 3.........1014..........................1014 1/4....................RT

Berrylands [BRS].................1015..........................1017...........................1L

Surbiton [SUR] DF...............1016..........................1017 3/4....................1L

Hampton Court Jn..............1017..........................1018 3/4....................1L

Esher [ESH] 3.......................1018..........................1020.........................2L

Hersham [HER]....................1019 1/2....................1021...........................1L

Walton-on-Thames [WAL]...1020 1/2..................1022 1/4....................1L

Weybridge [WYB]...............1022 1/2..................1023 3/4...................1L

Byfleet & New Haw ...........1023 1/2...................1024 3/4...................1L

West Byfleet [WBY] 2.........1024 1/2...................1025 3/4...................1L

Woking [WOK] 4..................1027.........................1029 3/4..................2L

Woking Junction.................1027 1/2...................1030 1/4...................2L

Brookwood [BKO] 2...........1032.........................1034 3/4..................2L

Pirbright Junction...............1034.........................1037...........................3L

Farnborough Ldn end.......1037.........................1040 1/4....................3L

Farnborough (Main) 2.........1037 1/2...................1041...........................3L

Fleet [FLE] 2.........................1042.........................1045..........................3L

Winchfield [WNF] 2............1047 1/2/1055 1/2..1049 1/2/1052 1/4..3E

Hook [HOK] 2......................1101...........................1057.........................3E

Basingstoke [BSK] 2..........1112...........................1112 3/4....................RT

Worting Junction................1117...........................1115 3/4.....................1E

Overton [OVR] 2.................1122..........................1121...........................RT

Whitchurch (Hampshire) ...1125 1/2....................1126 1/2.....................1L

Andover [ADV] 2.................1132..........................1132..........................RT

Grateley [GRT] 2.................1138 1/2....................1137............................1E

Laverstock North Jn...........1148..........................1146 1/2.....................1E

Tunnel Junction..................1148 1/2....................1147 1/2....................RT

Salisbury [SAL] 3.................1151 1/2.....................1153..........................RT

Wilton Junction...................1158 1/2....................1157............................1E

Wishford................................1202.........................1202 1/4...................RT

Wylye Ahb............................1206 1/2..................1206 3/4..................RT

Upton Lovell.........................1211...........................1211 1/2.....................RT

Warminster [WMN] 1...........1216 1/2....................1217...........................RT

Dilton Marsh [DMH] 1.........1222.........................1220 3/4..................RT

Westbury [WSB] 1................1224 1/2/1238........1223 1/4/1236 1/4...1E

Hawkeridge Junction........1240.........................1238 1/4....................1E

Trowbridge [TRO] 1............1246.........................1242 3/4..................2E

Bradford Junction...............1248.........................1245 1/2...................2E

Bradford-on-Avon [BOA].....1251..........................1249.........................2E

Avoncliff [AVF] 1..................1253.........................1250 1/2...................2E

Freshford [FFD] 1.................1254 1/2...................1252 1/4...................2E

Bathampton Junction........1302.........................1258 1/4...................3E

Bath Spa [BTH] 1..................1307.........................1303 1/4...................3E

 

TNSTC Vellore TSS Timings

According to Realtime Trains the route and timings were;

Dollands Moor Sidings .....0810........................0806..........................4E

Saltwood Junction..............0813........................0807..........................6E

Ashford International ........0825.......................0819 1/4.....................5E

Charing [CHG]......................0835.......................0827..........................8E

Maidstone East [MDE]........0852.......................0849..........................2E

Otford Junction[XOT]........0915 1/2..................0913...........................2E

Swanley [SAY]......................0928.......................0924 1/4....................3E

St Mary Cray Junction.......0933.......................0929 1/4...................3E

Bickley Junction[XLY]........0935.......................0933 3/4....................1E

Bromley South [BMS].........0939.......................0939..........................RT

Shortlands [SRT]..................0941........................0941 1/2....................RT

Shortlands Junction...........0942.......................0942 1/4....................RT

Bellingham [BGM]...............0945.......................0944 1/2....................RT

Nunhead [NHD]...................0951........................0951 1/2....................RT

Peckham Rye [PMR]...........0953.......................0952 3/4..................RT

Crofton Road Junction......0954.......................0954 1/2...................RT

Denmark Hill [DMK]............0956.......................0955...........................1E

Voltaire Road Junction......1000 1/2..................1001............................RT

Wandsworth Road .............1003........................1001 3/4.....................RT

Latchmere Junction...........1008 1/2..................1007............................1E

Imperial Wharf [IMW]..........1011 1/2....................1009 1/2.....................1E

West Brompton [WBP].......1013 1/2...................1011 3/4.......................1E

Kensington Olympia .........1016 1/2...................1014 1/4......................2E

Shepherds Bush [SPB].......1018.........................1016 3/4.....................RT

North Pole Signal Vc813...1020........................1018 3/4......................1E

North Pole Junction...........1020 1/2..................1018............................2E

Mitre Bridge Junction........1022 1/2..................1020 1/2.....................1E

Willesden Junction ............1029 1/2/1031 1/2..1028 3/4/1031 1/4....RT

Kensal Green Junction......1033 1/2..................1033 1/2.....................RT

Brondesbury Park ..............1037 1/2..................1035 1/2.....................1E

West Hampstead ...............1040 1/2..................1037 1/2.....................2E

Hampstead Heath .............1044 1/2..................1042 1/2.....................1E

Gospel Oak [GPO]..............1046 1/2..................1044 3/4.....................1E

Kentish Town West ...........1048........................1046 1/2.....................1E

Camden Road Junction....1049 1/2..................1049...........................RT

Camden Road [CMD].........1050........................1049 1/4.....................RT

Holloway South Jn..............1104.........................1058...........................6E

Finsbury Park [FPK]............1107/1111 1/2............1102 1/2/1103............8E

Alexandra Palace ...............1117...........................1115 3/4.......................1E

New Southgate [NSG].......1119 1/2....................1118 3/4......................RT

Oakleigh Park [OKL]...........1123 1/2...................1121 1/4........................1E

New Barnet [NBA]...............1125.........................1122 1/4......................2E

Hadley Wood [HDW]..........1127 1/2...................1123 3/4.....................3E

Potters Bar [PBR].................1131 1/2....................1126 1/4......................5E

Brookmans Park [BPK].......1134..........................1128 1/4......................5E

Welham Green [WMG].......1135 1/2...................1129............................6E

Hatfield [HAT]......................1138 1/2...................1131 3/4......................6E

Welwyn Garden City .........1142 1/2...................1137 1/2......................4E

Digswell Junction...............1144/1152................NoRep/1152.............RT

Welwyn North [WLW].........1153 1/2...................1153 1/4......................RT

Woolmer Green Jn.............1156.........................1155 1/2......................RT

Knebworth [KBW]................1157..........................1157............................RT

Langley Junction.................1158 1/2...................1159............................RT

Stevenage [SVG].................1159 1/2...................1200 1/4....................RT

Hitchin [HIT]..........................1203........................1205 1/2.....................2L

Arlesey [ARL]........................1207........................1211 1/2........................4L

Biggleswade [BIW].............1210 1/2...................1215 1/4.......................4L

Sandy [SDY]..........................1213.........................1217 1/2.......................4L

St Neots [SNO].....................1220........................1224............................4L

Huntingdon [HUN]..............1227........................1230 1/2.....................3L

Holme Junction [XHO].......1235 1/2..................1245 1/2....................10L

Peterborough [PBO]...........1243........................1258 3/4...................15L

Helpston Junction..............1249 1/2..................1308 1/4....................18L

Tallington Junction.............1254........................1313 1/2.....................19L

Stoke Junction.....................1308/1309 1/2.......1330/1337...............27L

Grantham [GRA]..................1315 1/2...................1345 1/2...................30L

Claypole Loop.....................1324........................1354 1/2...................30L

Newark North Gate ...........1328 1/2..................1358 3/4..................30L

Newark F.C. [XNK]..............1329........................1400..........................31L

Carlton On Trent Loop......1336/1424 1/2........1404/1422.................2E

Retford [RET]........................1440 1/2..................1435 3/4....................4E

Loversall Carr Junction.....1452 1/2..................1447 1/2.....................5E

Doncaster Decoy Sth Jn...1456........................1449............................7E

Decoy Nth Junction...........1457.........................1451............................6E

Bridge Junction...................1518 1/2...................1506..........................12E

Doncaster [DON].................1521 1/2...................1512 3/4.....................8E

Adwick [AWK]......................1526 1/2..................1520 1/4....................6E

Thorpe Marsh Junction.....1535 1/2..................1532...........................3E

Hatfield & Stainforth ..........1544 1/2..................1540 1/2....................4E

Thorne Junction..................1550/1612 1/2........NoRep/1559 1/4.....13E

Crowle [CWE].......................1622 1/2..................1610 1/2.....................11E

Althorpe [ALP]......................1629........................1619 1/2......................9E

Gunhouse Loop..................1630 1/2..................1621............................9E

Scunthorpe [SCU]...............1634 1/2..................1625 1/4.....................9E

Scunthorpe West Jn...........1635 1/2..................1626 1/4.....................9E

 

If I had gotten up 10 minutes earlier, I would have gotten a glorious sunrise. Instead, my timing led me to Elkins Lake where I got a shot with a still lake with reflections with the full moon overhead.

 

ODC: timing is everything

 

the southern california timing association (SCTA) has been hosting land speed racing meets at el mirage dry lake in the mojave desert since 1937. racers come from all over california to test their skills, to see who can go the fastest in 1.3 miles from a standing start. the event is full of colorful cars, bikes and characters.

 

nikon D7000 + nikkor 18-200mm, photoshop CS6 + nik color efex pro.

Working The 4R51 12.50 Drax Power Station To Immingham Biomass Lp (Dbc) The Route And Timings Were

Drax Power Station 12.50 . 12.39 11E

Drax Branch Junction 12.58 . 12.47 3/4 10E

Hensall 13.00 . 12.51 8E

Eggboro' (Whitley Bdge Jn) 13.02 . 12.53 3/4 8E

Whitley Bridge 13.02 1/2 . 12.55 1/4 7E

Sudforth Lane Signal Box 13.04 1/2 . 12.57 7E

Knottingley East Jn 13.10 1/2 . 13.03 7E

Knottingley South Jn 13.12 . 13.04 1/4 7E

Norton Level Crossing 13.19 1/2 . 13.13 1/2 6E

Haywood Jn 13.23 . 13.16 3/4 6E

Thorpe Marsh Jn 13.26 . 13.18 1/2 7E

Hatfield & Stainforth 13.35 . 13.28 1/4 6E

Thorne Jn 13.36 1/2 . 13.37 RT

Thorne South 13.38 . 13.41 1/4 3L

Crowle 13.44 1/2 . 13.47 3/4 3L

Althorpe 13.51 . 13.55 4L

Gunhouse Loop 13.53 . 13.56 3L

Scunthorpe West Jn 13.56 1/2 . 14.00 3L

Scunthorpe 13.57 . 13.59 1/2 2L

Frodingham Jn 13.57 1/2 No Report

Scunthorpe Trent Jn 13.58 . 14.00 3/4 2L

North Lincoln Jn 13.58 1/2 . 14.01 1/2 3L

Scunthorpe F.O.B. Jn 14.00 . 14.03 3/4 3L

Appleby Lc 14.02 . 14.05 1/4 3L

Elsham 14.08 . 14.10 1/2 2L

Wrawby Jn 14.11 . 14.14 3/4 3L

Barnetby 14.12 . 14.15 1/2 3L

Brocklesby Jn 14.17 1/2 . 14.21 1/2 4L

Ulceby South Junction 14.23 No Report

Ulceby 14.23 1/2 . 14.23 1/4 RT

Ulceby North Junction 14.24 No Report

Humber Road Jn 14.36 1/2 . 14.29 7E

Immingham West Jn 14.39 1/2 . 14.36 3E

Immingham Biomass Lp (Dbc) 14.44 . 14.41 3E

On 28 March 1988, RM1124 leaves Nancha with Train no. 571 for Jiamusi. I was all set up to catch the 'glint' as the train departed Nancha on the straight, only for a QJ hauled freight to come in off the Wuyiling line, which meant some rapid back pedalling to get to a spot where the shadow from the freight did not encroach on this shot.

 

Taken the following day, this is the shot without the freight.....

 

www.flickr.com/photos/markcarter/5969069192/in/photostream

This is a photograph from the Ringtown GAA Club Half Marathon and 10KM Road Races, fun runs, and walks which were held in Whitehall, Castlepollard, Co. Westmeath, Ireland on Easter Sunday (April 21st 2014) at 11:15 and 11:30 respectively. Ringtown GAA club is situated in Whitehall which is on the R394 between Mullingar and Castlepollard. The GAA club is shown here on Google Streetview [goo.gl/maps/UI9tD]. The half marathon started outside the GAA club. The 10KM race started about 1KM away from the start/finish area. Both races shared the same route. The race event was also a fundraiser for the charity TEAM (Temporary Emergency Accomodation Mullingar) which provides emergency accomodation for women and children of the midlands who are subject of domestic and sexual violence. They are located at Teach Fáilte, Green Road, Mullingar, Co. Westmeath.

 

Reading on a Smartphone or tablet? Don't forget to scroll down further to read more about this race and see important Internet links to other information about the race! You can also find out how to access and download these photographs.

 

Timing and event management was provided by Precision Timing. Results are available on their website at www.precisiontiming.net/result/racetimer with additional material available on their Facebook page (www.facebook.com/davidprecisiontiming?fref=ts) See their promotional video on YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-7_TUVwJ6Q

 

Ringtown Hurling Club on Facebook: www.facebook.com/ringtown.hurlingclub?ref=ts&fref=ts

 

The half marathon started at the GAA club. The main loop of 6 miles started here and proceeded around some beautiful rural back roads with major turns at [goo.gl/maps/8Iw9S], [goo.gl/maps/in6yE], and goo.gl/maps/JJzwM before joining up with the R394 and Castlepollard and returning back to Ringtown/Whitehall.

 

This was the GAA club's first attempt at staging a running event and the overwhelming reaction of participants was that it went perfectly. There was a team of Motorcycle outriders and Gardai who expertly controlled traffic flow (particularly along the very busy R394) and made for very safe running conditions for all participants. There was a wonderful selection of refreshments provided afterwards and maybe people were able to sit out in the sun and enjoy a well earned rest after the race. Shower facilities were provided in the GAA club.

 

We use Creative Commons Licensing for these photographs

We use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License for all our photographs here in this photograph set. What does this mean in reality?

The explaination is very simple.

Attribution- anyone using our photographs gives us an appropriate credit for it. This ensures that people aren't taking our photographs and passing them off as their own. This usually just mean putting a link to our photographs somewhere on your website, blog, or Facebook where other people can see it.

ShareAlike – anyone can use these photographs, and make changes if they like, or incorporate them into a bigger project, but they must make those changes available back to the community under the same terms.

 

Creative Commons aims to encourage creative sharing. See some examples of Creative Commons photographs on Flickr: www.flickr.com/creativecommons/

 

Can I use these photographs directly from Flickr on my social media account(s)?

 

Yes - of course you can! Flickr provides several ways to share this and other photographs in this Flickr set. You can share to: email, Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, Tumblr, LiveJournal, and Wordpress and Blogger blog sites. Your mobile, tablet, or desktop device will also offer you several different options for sharing this photo page on your social media outlets.

 

We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. Our only "cost" is our request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, etc or (2) other websites, blogs, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you must provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us.

 

This also extends the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.

 

I want to download these pictures to my computer or device?

 

You can download the photographic image here direct to your computer or device. This version is the low resolution web-quality image. How to download will vary slight from device to device and from browser to browser. However - look for a symbol with three dots 'ooo' or the link to 'View/Download' all sizes. When you click on either of these you will be presented with the option to download the image. Remember just doing a right-click and "save target as" will not work on Flickr.

 

I want get full resolution, print-quality, copies of these photographs?

 

If you just need these photographs for online usage then they can be used directly once you respect their Creative Commons license and provide a link back to our Flickr set if you use them. For offline usage and printing all of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available free, at no cost, at full image resolution.

 

Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.

 

In summary please remember when requesting photographs from us - If you are using the photographs online all we ask is for you to provide a link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. You will find the link above clearly outlined in the description text which accompanies this photograph. Taking these photographs and preparing them for online posting does take a significant effort and time. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around your social media, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc. If you are using the photographs in newspapers or magazines we ask that you mention where the original photograph came from.

 

I would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?

Many people offer payment for our photographs. As stated above we do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would consider paying for their purchase from other photographic providers or in other circumstances we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.

 

I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?

 

As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:

 

     ►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera

     ►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set

     ►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone

     ►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!

  

You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.

 

Don't like your photograph here?

That's OK! We understand!

 

If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.

 

I want to tell people about these great photographs!

Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably http://www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets

 

This is a photograph from the Ringtown GAA Club Half Marathon and 10KM Road Races, fun runs, and walks which were held in Whitehall, Castlepollard, Co. Westmeath, Ireland on Easter Monday (April 21st 2014) at 11:15 and 11:30 respectively. Ringtown GAA club is situated in Whitehall which is on the R394 between Mullingar and Castlepollard. The GAA club is shown here on Google Streetview [goo.gl/maps/UI9tD]. The half marathon started outside the GAA club. The 10KM race started about 1KM away from the start/finish area. Both races shared the same route. The race event was also a fundraiser for the charity TEAM (Temporary Emergency Accomodation Mullingar) which provides emergency accomodation for women and children of the midlands who are subject of domestic and sexual violence. They are located at Teach Fáilte, Green Road, Mullingar, Co. Westmeath.

 

Reading on a Smartphone or tablet? Don't forget to scroll down further to read more about this race and see important Internet links to other information about the race! You can also find out how to access and download these photographs.

 

Timing and event management was provided by Precision Timing. Results are available on their website at www.precisiontiming.net/result/racetimer with additional material available on their Facebook page (www.facebook.com/davidprecisiontiming?fref=ts) See their promotional video on YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-7_TUVwJ6Q

 

Ringtown Hurling Club on Facebook: www.facebook.com/ringtown.hurlingclub?ref=ts&fref=ts

 

The half marathon started at the GAA club. The main loop of 6 miles started here and proceeded around some beautiful rural back roads with major turns at [goo.gl/maps/8Iw9S], [goo.gl/maps/in6yE], and goo.gl/maps/JJzwM before joining up with the R394 and Castlepollard and returning back to Ringtown/Whitehall.

 

This was the GAA club's first attempt at staging a running event and the overwhelming reaction of participants was that it went perfectly. There was a team of Motorcycle outriders and Gardai who expertly controlled traffic flow (particularly along the very busy R394) and made for very safe running conditions for all participants. There was a wonderful selection of refreshments provided afterwards and maybe people were able to sit out in the sun and enjoy a well earned rest after the race. Shower facilities were provided in the GAA club.

 

We use Creative Commons Licensing for these photographs

We use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License for all our photographs here in this photograph set. What does this mean in reality?

The explaination is very simple.

Attribution- anyone using our photographs gives us an appropriate credit for it. This ensures that people aren't taking our photographs and passing them off as their own. This usually just mean putting a link to our photographs somewhere on your website, blog, or Facebook where other people can see it.

ShareAlike – anyone can use these photographs, and make changes if they like, or incorporate them into a bigger project, but they must make those changes available back to the community under the same terms.

 

Creative Commons aims to encourage creative sharing. See some examples of Creative Commons photographs on Flickr: www.flickr.com/creativecommons/

 

Can I use these photographs directly from Flickr on my social media account(s)?

 

Yes - of course you can! Flickr provides several ways to share this and other photographs in this Flickr set. You can share to: email, Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, Tumblr, LiveJournal, and Wordpress and Blogger blog sites. Your mobile, tablet, or desktop device will also offer you several different options for sharing this photo page on your social media outlets.

 

We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. Our only "cost" is our request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, etc or (2) other websites, blogs, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you must provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us.

 

This also extends the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.

 

I want to download these pictures to my computer or device?

 

You can download the photographic image here direct to your computer or device. This version is the low resolution web-quality image. How to download will vary slight from device to device and from browser to browser. However - look for a symbol with three dots 'ooo' or the link to 'View/Download' all sizes. When you click on either of these you will be presented with the option to download the image. Remember just doing a right-click and "save target as" will not work on Flickr.

 

I want get full resolution, print-quality, copies of these photographs?

 

If you just need these photographs for online usage then they can be used directly once you respect their Creative Commons license and provide a link back to our Flickr set if you use them. For offline usage and printing all of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available free, at no cost, at full image resolution.

 

Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.

 

In summary please remember when requesting photographs from us - If you are using the photographs online all we ask is for you to provide a link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. You will find the link above clearly outlined in the description text which accompanies this photograph. Taking these photographs and preparing them for online posting does take a significant effort and time. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around your social media, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc. If you are using the photographs in newspapers or magazines we ask that you mention where the original photograph came from.

 

I would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?

Many people offer payment for our photographs. As stated above we do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would consider paying for their purchase from other photographic providers or in other circumstances we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.

 

I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?

 

As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:

 

     ►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera

     ►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set

     ►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone

     ►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!

  

You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.

 

Don't like your photograph here?

That's OK! We understand!

 

If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.

 

I want to tell people about these great photographs!

Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably http://www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets

Swissalpine Marathon 2015, Davos, Switzerland

Timing

Working The 6X73 10.52 Doncaster Up Decoy Toton North Yard According To Realtime Trains The Route And Timings Were

Doncaster Up Decoy 10.52 . 09.45 67E

Potteric Carr Jn 10.55 No Report

Low Ellers Curve Jn 10.58 No Report

St Catherines Jn 11.00 To 11.20 N/R 10.11 69E

Doncaster Decoy South Jcn 11.23 . 10.15 68E

Decoy Nth Jn 11.25 . 11.12 13E

Bridge Jn 11.28 . 11.15 13E

Doncaster 11.29 No Report

St James Jn 11.30 1/2 No Report

Hexthorpe Jn 11.34 .11.33 1/2 RT

Conisborough 11.39 No Report

Mexborough 11.43 . 11.44 1L

Kilnhurst Up Gds Loop 11.46 No Report

Thrybergh Jn 11.48 To 11.54 No Report

Aldwarke Jn 11.58 . 11.56 2E

Masborough Jn 12.03 No Report

Masbro S.S. Jn 12.07 1/2 No Report

Canklow Loop 12.09 No Report

Treeton Jn 12.13 No Report

Beighton Jn 12.25 . 12.09 16E

Renishaw Park (Flhh) 12.32 No Report

Foxlow Jn 12.34 No Report

Barrow Hill North Jn 12.36 No Report

Barrow Hill South Jn 12.37 No Report

Tapton Jn 12.40 1/2 . 12.18 3/4 21E

Chesterfield 12.41 1/2 . 12.20 21E

Chesterfield South Jn 12.43 . 12.26 1/2 16E

Hasland 12.44 . 12.27 1/2 16E

Clay Cross North Jn 12.45 1/2 . 12.29 1/2 15E

Morton 12.50 . 12.33 1/2 16E

Blackwell South Jn (Derbs) 12.52 1/2 . 12.36 16E

Alfreton 12.53 1/2 . 12.36 3/4 16E

Ironville Junction 12.57 1/2 . 12.39 1/2 17E

Condor Park Jn 12.58 No Report

Langley Mill 13.02 . 12.45 3/4 16E

Ilkeston 13.06 No Report

Ilkeston Junction 13.07 No Report

Trowell Jn 13.08 . 12.54 3/4 13E

Stapleford & Sandiacre 13.14 No Report

Toton North Yard 13.20 . 13.09 11E

Working The 6E58 22.55 Angerstein Wharf Gbrf To Scunthorpe Roxby Gullet Gbrf According To Realtime Trains The Route And Timings Were

Angerstein Wharf Gbrf 22.55 . 22.55 RT

Angerstein Wharf 23.03 No Report

Angerstein Jn 23.08 1/2 . 23.09 1/2 1L

Charlton Junction 23.09 1/2 . 23.10 1/2 RT

Charlton 23.10 1/2 . 23.11 1/4 RT

Woolwich Dockyard 23.13 1/2 . 23.15 1L

Woolwich Arsenal 23.15 . 23.17 2L

Plumstead 23.17 . 23.18 1/2 1L

Abbey Wood 23.20 1/2 . 23.21 1/4 1L

Belvedere 23.23 1/2 . 23.23 1/4 RT

Erith 23.26 . 23.25 3/4 RT

Slade Green 23.28 1/2 . 23.28 1/4 RT

Erith Loop 23.29 1/2 To 23.29 1/2 Pass 23.29 RT

Perry Street Fork Jn 23.30 1/2 . 23.29 1/2 RT

Barnehurst 23.32 1/2 . 23.34 1/2 2L

Bexleyheath 23.35 1/2 . 23.38 2L

Welling 23.39 . 23.40 1/2 1L

Falconwood 23.42 . 23.42 3/4 RT

Eltham 23.45 . 23.44 3/4 RT

Kidbrooke 23.50 1/2 . 23.47 3/4 2E

Blackheath 23.55 . 23.55 1/4 RT

Lewisham {LEW} 23.59 To 00.15 23.59 1/2 . 00.01 13E

Lewisham Vale Junction 00.17 . 00.02 1/4 14E

Nunhead Jn 00.23 1/2 . 00.06 1/2 16E

Nunhead 00.24 . 00.06 3/4 17E

Peckham Rye 00.25 . 00.08 1/2 16E

Crofton Road Jn 00.26 To 00.37 N/R 00.10 1/4 26E

Denmark Hill 00.39 . 00.12 26E

Cambria Jn 00.40 No Report

Canterbury Road Junction 00.41 1/2 No Report

Brixton 00.41 1/2 . 00.14 3/4 26E

Shepherds Lane Jn 00.42 1/2 . 00.15 1/4 27E

Clapham High Street 00.43 1/2 . 00.17 1/4 26E

Voltaire Road Jn 00.44 . 00.17 1/2 26E

Wandsworth Road 00.45 . 00.18 1/2 26E

Factory Jn 00.46 . 00.18 3/4 27E

Longhedge Jn 00.48 . 00.20 1/2 27E

Latchmere Jn 00.50 1/2 . 00.23 27E

Imperial Wharf 00.53 1/2 . 00.25 3/4 27E

West Brompton 00.55 . 00.27 3/4 27E

Kensington Olympia 00.58 . 00.29 3/4 28E

Shepherds Bush 00.59 . 00.31 1/4 27E

North Pole Signal Vc813 01.00 1/2 . 00.33 1/2 27E

North Pole Jn 01.01 . 00.34 26E

Mitre Bridge Jn 01.02 1/2 . 00.36 1/2 25E

Willesden Junction {WIJ} 01.05 1/2 To 01.07 1/2 00.39 1/4 . 00.43 3/4 23E

Kensal Green Jn 01.09 1/2 . 00.45 1/2 23E

Kensal Rise 01.11 . 00.47 1/2 23E

Brondesbury Park 01.12 . 00.49 23E

Brondesbury 01.13 . 00.50 22E

West Hampstead 01.14 . 00.51 1/4 22E

Finchley Road & Frognal 01.15 . 00.52 1/4 22E

Hampstead Heath 01.16 1/2 . 00.54 1/4 22E

Gospel Oak 01.18 . 00.56 1/2 21E

Junction Road Jn 01.20 1/2 . 01.01 1/2 18E

Upper Holloway 01.22 1/2 . 01.03 1/2 18E

Crouch Hill 01.25 . 01.07 1/2 17E

Harringay Park Jn 01.26 . 01.10 1/2 15E

Harringay 01.28 . 01.13 14E

Wood Green K453 01.33 To 01.45 No Report

Alexandra Palace 01.47 . 01.21 25E

New Southgate 01.50 . 01.25 3/4 24E

Oakleigh Park 01.54 . 01.29 1/4 24E

New Barnet 01.55 1/2 . 01.30 1/2 24E

Hadley Wood 01.58 1/2 . 01.33 25E

Potters Bar 02.03 . 01.36 1/2 26E

Brookmans Park 02.05 1/2 . 01.38 3/4 26E

Welham Green 02.07 . 01.39 3/4 26E

Hatfield 02.09 1/2 . 01.42 1/2 27E

Welwyn Garden City 02.13 . 01.50 23E

Digswell Jn 02.15 To 02.22 1/2 N/R 01.53 29E

Welwyn North 02.24 1/2 . 01.54 1/4 30E

Woolmer Green Jn 02.28 . 01.57 30E

Knebworth 02.30 . 01.58 3/4 30E

Langley Jn 02.32 1/2 . 02.00 1/4 31E

Stevenage 02.33 1/2 . 02.01 1/4 31E

Hitchin 02.45 1/2 . 02.06 39E

Arlesey 02.50 1/2 . 02.11 1/4 39E

Biggleswade 02.55 . 02.15 1/2 39E

Sandy 02.58 . 02.18 3/4 39E

St Neots 03.05 1/2 . 02.28 1/4 37E

Huntingdon 03.13 . 02.35 3/4 37E

Connington South Jn 03.23 1/2 . 02.44 1/2 38E

Holme Jn 03.25 1/2 . 02.46 1/4 39E

Fletton Jn 03.42 1/2 . 02.55 1/2 46E

Peterborough {PBO} 03.46 To 03.48 03.41 1/2 . 03.45 1/4 2E

New England Nth Jn 03.51 1/2 . 03.48 3/4 2E

Werrington Jn 03.54 . 03.51 1/4 2E

Helpston Jn 03.57 1/2 . 03.54 3E

Tallington Jn 04.03 . 03.58 3/4 4E

Stoke Jn 04.25 1/2 . 04.18 1/4 7E

Highdyke Jn 04.29 . 04.20 1/2 8E

Grantham 04.36 . 04.25 10E

Nottingham Branch Jn 04.36 1/2 . 04.25 1/2 11E

Barkston South Jn 04.40 1/2 . 04.28 12E

Claypole Loop 04.47 . 04.34 3/4 12E

Newark North Gate 04.51 . 04.39 1/2 11E

Newark F.C. 04.52 . 04.39 3/4 12E

Carlton On Trent Loop 04.57 1/2 . 04.49 3/4 7E

Retford 05.12 . 05.03 1/2 8E

Babworth Loop 05.14 1/2 No Report

Retford Crossover 05.15 . 05.04 1/4 10E

Ranskill Loop 05.24 1/2 . 05.08 1/2 15E

Loversall Carr Jn 05.46 . 05.17 28E

Doncaster Decoy South Jcn 05.48 . 05.24 1/2 23E

Doncaster Down Decoy Gbrf 05.51 To 10.50 05.28 N/R 23E

Decoy Nth Jn 10.52 . 10.45 1/4 6E

Bridge Jn 10.53 1/2 . 10.52 3/4 RT

Doncaster 10.54 . 10.56 1/4 2L

Donc. Marshgate Jn 10.54 1/2 . 10.56 1/2 2L

Bentley (South Yorkshire) 10.56 . 10.58 1/2 2L

Adwick 10.59 . 11.01 3/4 2L

Carcroft Jn 10.59 1/2 . 11.02 3/4 3L

Skellow Jn 11.01 . 11.06 5L

Applehurst Jn 11.08 To 11.31 N/R 11.10 1/2 20E

Thorpe Marsh Jn 11.34 . 11.19 1/4 14E

Hatfield & Stainforth 11.47 . 11.30 1/2 16E

Thorne Jn 11.51 . 11.40 1/2 10E

Thorne South 11.53 . 11.54 3/4 2L

Crowle 12.01 . 12.01 3/4 RT

Althorpe 12.08 1/2 . 12.08 RT

Gunhouse Loop 12.10 1/2 . 12.09 1/2 1E

Scunthorpe 12.15 . 12.14 RT

Scunthorpe Trent Jn 12.18 No Report

Scunthorpe Trent T.C. 12.22 To 12.48 1/2 12.20 . 12.48 RT

Scunthorpe Trent Jn 12.51 1/2 No Report

Scunthorpe Roxby Gullet Gbrf 13.19 . 13.19 RT

the southern california timing association (SCTA) has been hosting land speed racing meets at el mirage dry lake in the mojave desert since 1937. racers come from all over california to test their skills, to see who can go the fastest in 1.3 miles from a standing start. the event is full of colorful cars, bikes and characters.

 

nikon D7000 + nikkor 18-200mm, photoshop CS6 + nik color efex pro.

D7100 timing voor stacking fotografie.

Om trillingen te voorkomen gebruik ik de mirror-up mode van de D7100 camera. Dit verminderd de trillingen door het omklappen van de spiegel. Er zijn ook heel wat timingen toegevoegd voor het verplaatsen van de lineaire stage. Verschillende wachtposes zijn ingebouwd. Hiervoor heb ik alle timings in 9 zones ingedeeld:

 

zone 1: Deze tijd wordt gebruikt om de wagen te verplaatsen. De totale tijd hangt af van het aantal micro stappen die moeten uitgevoerd worden. Een verplaatsing van 1 um komt overeen met 8 micro stappen. De kleinste eenheid wordt hierdoor 0.125 um per micro stap. Er zit een interne encoder in de lineaire stage en die uitlezing werkt op 1um nauwkeurig. Ik gebruik daarom altijd veelvouden van 8 micro stappen wat overeenkomt met 1 um verplaatsing.

 

Zone 2: Dit is een kleine wachttijd na het uitvoeren van de verplaatsing. aangegeven met FT1 en staat nu op 10 ms. deze tijd is helemaal niet kritisch en kan via een paramter in de FPGA aangepast worden. Kan niet ingesteld worden door de gebruiker.

 

zone 3: Vanaf hier wordt het camera meter signaal uitgestuurd. Dit is heel belangrijk want de camera kan in sleepmode staan. Ik gebruik hiervoor nu 200 ms, kan mogelijks iets korter maar zou het niet aanraden als je een 100% wake-up nodig hebt. Mocht dit te kort zijn dan gaat je straks niet meer synchroon verlopen met de mirror-up sequentie. FT2 is een belangrijke waarde!

 

Zone 4: Vanaf dit punt wordt de camera shutter voor het eerst gestuurd. Dit signaal doet de spiegel omklappen. De lengte hiervan is niet belangrijk, ik heb hiervoor een parameter van 10 ms gebruikt.

 

Zone 5: Deze zone is voorbehouden om alle trillingen van de lineaire stage en het omklappen van de spiegel weg te werken. Je kunt hiervoor iedere waarde gebruiken en deze waarde is instelbaar door de user tussen o en 10 sec per 1 ms nauwkeurig. De juiste waarde moet je praktisch ondervinden maar is zeker niet kritisch. Het beinvloed wel je totale cyclus tijd. Default heb ik hier een waarde van 300 ms ingesteld.

 

Zones 6: Vanaf hier gaan we de shutter opnieuw activeren om een foto te nemen. De minimum tijd is de shutter-lag tijd. Voor de D7100 heb ik hiervoor 55 ms gemeten. Je mag nooit minder dan 55 ms gebruiken voor de volgende zone die de flits bepaald. Wel mag je langer maar houd er rekening mee dat de shutter open staat en de sensor start met de belichting te ontvangen.

 

Zone 7: Vanaf deze zone worden de filtsen echt aangestuurd. Ik heb 4 led modules die elk afzonderlijk een bepaalde tijd kunnen gestuurd worden. Ze starten altijd gelijktijdig maar hun duur kan afzonderlijk ingesteld worden door de user. Je kunt ook een gezamelijke waarde ingeven voor de 4 groepen samen.

 

Zone 8: Dit is een holdtijd voor de camera shutter. De camera kan ofwel in een vaste tijd ingesteld staan maar hij mag ook in bulb mode staan. In bulb mode kun je zolang als je wenst de sensor belichten. Het einde wordt dan bepaald door deze hold tijd. Staat hij in een vaste tijd dan speed deze holdtijd geen rol. De volgende zone wordt wel bepaald door deze holdtijd.

 

Zone 9: Dit is een wachttijd voor de volgende step sequentie uit te voeren. Deze tijd kan belangrijk zijn om voldoende tijd te hebben om de foto over te sturen naar de memory kaart of de PC en ook om de flitsen niet over te belasten in temperatuur. De range is van 0 tot 10 sec instelbaar.

This is a photograph from the 45th running of the Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race and Fun Run in Dunboyne Village, Co. Meath, Ireland on Sunday 30th of March at 15:00. The event is sponsored by EirGrid. The "Dunboyne 4" lays rightful claim to being one of Ireland's longest and best established road races. It is now a landmark event in the Irish road racing calendar. Henry James once said "It takes an endless amount of history to make even a little tradition". Well the tradition of the 4 Mile Road Race is very safe as witness again today with over 1,000 participants taking part. Today's event yet again showed that it is one of heartbeats of Irish road racing.

 

We have an extensive set of photographs on our Flickr Photostream: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157643169446555/

 

Timing and event management was provided by Precision Timing. Results are available on their website at www.precisiontiming.net/result/racetimer with additional material available on their Facebook page (www.facebook.com/davidprecisiontiming?fref=ts) See their promotional video on YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-7_TUVwJ6Q

 

Reading on a Smartphone or tablet? Don't forget to scroll down further to read more about this race and see important Internet links to other information about the race! You can also find out how to access and download these photographs.

 

The "Dunboyne 4" offers a racing opportunity for everyone from elite international runners, to club runners, to joggers, first-time runners, and walkers. The atmosphere as the race returns to the village at the 2.5 mile mark is one of the best atmosphere's in local Irish athletics as it seems the whole village and associated supporters have come out to encourage the participants.

 

This is a brilliantly organised race with every detail taken care of to the highest standard. This is to the credit of all of the volunteers from Dunboyne AC, Meath Athletics, and the local community of Dunboyne and surrounding areas. It is a race by which others can measure themselves.

 

Dunboyne AC also shows it's committment to growing the next generation of athletes and runners in Ireland by hosting a set of Juvenile Races before the senior event. Based on the final mile of the course there are runs for Ages 9, 12, and 15 year old boys and girls.

 

The race starts at Dunboyne Business Park on the Navan Road (Google Streetview goo.gl/maps/RaS62) and proceeds south into the Village and straight ahead onto the Maynooth Road. The race passed Dunboyne Castle Hotel to the left. The one mile mark is reached at the roundabout where the race turns right and heads across the Village by-pass and towards the Dunboyne Summerhill Road. The two mile mark is just at the next roundabout where the race turns right towards the village again. One of the best parts of the race is the atmosphere as the race passes through the village with the crowds adding to the spectacle. The race must now complete one mile where the runners go along Station road, turn left at Mill Farm Road (near Race HQ) and join back to the race start with a downhill finished into the village (Google StreetView goo.gl/maps/GfK0T).

 

Garmin Connect GPS Trace: Dunboyne 4 Miles Route: connect.garmin.com/activity/161599136

 

Dunboyne AC Facebook Homepage www.facebook.com/DunboyneAC (Requires Facebook Logon)

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2014 Facebook Event Page: www.facebook.com/events/1407025122895071/?ref=22 (Requires Facebook Logon)

Dunboyne Athletic Club Internet Homepage: www.dunboyneac.com/

 

4 Mile Route Map: www.dunboyneac.com/images/course_map.pdf (PDF)

 

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2013 - Our Photographs: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157633073639903/

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2012 - Our Photographs: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157629300252072/

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2011 - Our Photographs: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157626364784640/

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2010 - Our Photographs: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157623595905403/

 

Boards.ie Athletics Forum Discussion on the 2014 Race: www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2057175978

Boards.ie Athletics Forum Discussion on the 2013 Race: www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2056906545

 

We use Creative Commons Licensing for these photographs

We use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License for all our photographs here in this photograph set. What does this mean in reality?

The explaination is very simple.

Attribution- anyone using our photographs gives us an appropriate credit for it. This ensures that people aren't taking our photographs and passing them off as their own. This usually just mean putting a link to our photographs somewhere on your website, blog, or Facebook where other people can see it.

ShareAlike – anyone can use these photographs, and make changes if they like, or incorporate them into a bigger project, but they must make those changes available back to the community under the same terms.

 

Creative Commons aims to encourage creative sharing. See some examples of Creative Commons photographs on Flickr: www.flickr.com/creativecommons/

 

Can I use these photographs directly from Flickr on my social media account(s)?

 

Yes - of course you can! Flickr provides several ways to share this and other photographs in this Flickr set. You can share to: email, Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, Tumblr, LiveJournal, and Wordpress and Blogger blog sites. Your mobile, tablet, or desktop device will also offer you several different options for sharing this photo page on your social media outlets.

 

We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. Our only "cost" is our request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, etc or (2) other websites, blogs, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you must provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us.

 

This also extends the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.

 

I want to download these pictures to my computer or device?

 

You can download the photographic image here direct to your computer or device. This version is the low resolution web-quality image. How to download will vary slight from device to device and from browser to browser. However - look for a symbol with three dots 'ooo' or the link to 'View/Download' all sizes. When you click on either of these you will be presented with the option to download the image. Remember just doing a right-click and "save target as" will not work on Flickr.

 

I want get full resolution, print-quality, copies of these photographs?

 

If you just need these photographs for online usage then they can be used directly once you respect their Creative Commons license and provide a link back to our Flickr set if you use them. For offline usage and printing all of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available free, at no cost, at full image resolution.

 

Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.

 

In summary please remember when requesting photographs from us - If you are using the photographs online all we ask is for you to provide a link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. You will find the link above clearly outlined in the description text which accompanies this photograph. Taking these photographs and preparing them for online posting does take a significant effort and time. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around your social media, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc. If you are using the photographs in newspapers or magazines we ask that you mention where the original photograph came from.

 

I would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?

Many people offer payment for our photographs. As stated above we do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would consider paying for their purchase from other photographic providers or in other circumstances we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.

 

I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?

 

As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:

 

     ►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera

     ►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set

     ►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone

     ►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!

  

You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.

 

Don't like your photograph here?

That's OK! We understand!

 

If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.

 

I want to tell people about these great photographs!

Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably http://www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets

  

This is a photograph from the 45th running of the Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race and Fun Run in Dunboyne Village, Co. Meath, Ireland on Sunday 30th of March at 15:00. The event is sponsored by EirGrid. The "Dunboyne 4" lays rightful claim to being one of Ireland's longest and best established road races. It is now a landmark event in the Irish road racing calendar. Henry James once said "It takes an endless amount of history to make even a little tradition". Well the tradition of the 4 Mile Road Race is very safe as witness again today with over 1,000 participants taking part. Today's event yet again showed that it is one of heartbeats of Irish road racing.

 

We have an extensive set of photographs on our Flickr Photostream: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157643169446555/

 

Timing and event management was provided by Precision Timing. Results are available on their website at www.precisiontiming.net/result/racetimer with additional material available on their Facebook page (www.facebook.com/davidprecisiontiming?fref=ts) See their promotional video on YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-7_TUVwJ6Q

 

Reading on a Smartphone or tablet? Don't forget to scroll down further to read more about this race and see important Internet links to other information about the race! You can also find out how to access and download these photographs.

 

The "Dunboyne 4" offers a racing opportunity for everyone from elite international runners, to club runners, to joggers, first-time runners, and walkers. The atmosphere as the race returns to the village at the 2.5 mile mark is one of the best atmosphere's in local Irish athletics as it seems the whole village and associated supporters have come out to encourage the participants.

 

This is a brilliantly organised race with every detail taken care of to the highest standard. This is to the credit of all of the volunteers from Dunboyne AC, Meath Athletics, and the local community of Dunboyne and surrounding areas. It is a race by which others can measure themselves.

 

Dunboyne AC also shows it's committment to growing the next generation of athletes and runners in Ireland by hosting a set of Juvenile Races before the senior event. Based on the final mile of the course there are runs for Ages 9, 12, and 15 year old boys and girls.

 

The race starts at Dunboyne Business Park on the Navan Road (Google Streetview goo.gl/maps/RaS62) and proceeds south into the Village and straight ahead onto the Maynooth Road. The race passed Dunboyne Castle Hotel to the left. The one mile mark is reached at the roundabout where the race turns right and heads across the Village by-pass and towards the Dunboyne Summerhill Road. The two mile mark is just at the next roundabout where the race turns right towards the village again. One of the best parts of the race is the atmosphere as the race passes through the village with the crowds adding to the spectacle. The race must now complete one mile where the runners go along Station road, turn left at Mill Farm Road (near Race HQ) and join back to the race start with a downhill finished into the village (Google StreetView goo.gl/maps/GfK0T).

 

Garmin Connect GPS Trace: Dunboyne 4 Miles Route: connect.garmin.com/activity/161599136

 

Dunboyne AC Facebook Homepage www.facebook.com/DunboyneAC (Requires Facebook Logon)

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2014 Facebook Event Page: www.facebook.com/events/1407025122895071/?ref=22 (Requires Facebook Logon)

Dunboyne Athletic Club Internet Homepage: www.dunboyneac.com/

 

4 Mile Route Map: www.dunboyneac.com/images/course_map.pdf (PDF)

 

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2013 - Our Photographs: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157633073639903/

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2012 - Our Photographs: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157629300252072/

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2011 - Our Photographs: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157626364784640/

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2010 - Our Photographs: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157623595905403/

 

Boards.ie Athletics Forum Discussion on the 2014 Race: www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2057175978

Boards.ie Athletics Forum Discussion on the 2013 Race: www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2056906545

 

We use Creative Commons Licensing for these photographs

We use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License for all our photographs here in this photograph set. What does this mean in reality?

The explaination is very simple.

Attribution- anyone using our photographs gives us an appropriate credit for it. This ensures that people aren't taking our photographs and passing them off as their own. This usually just mean putting a link to our photographs somewhere on your website, blog, or Facebook where other people can see it.

ShareAlike – anyone can use these photographs, and make changes if they like, or incorporate them into a bigger project, but they must make those changes available back to the community under the same terms.

 

Creative Commons aims to encourage creative sharing. See some examples of Creative Commons photographs on Flickr: www.flickr.com/creativecommons/

 

Can I use these photographs directly from Flickr on my social media account(s)?

 

Yes - of course you can! Flickr provides several ways to share this and other photographs in this Flickr set. You can share to: email, Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, Tumblr, LiveJournal, and Wordpress and Blogger blog sites. Your mobile, tablet, or desktop device will also offer you several different options for sharing this photo page on your social media outlets.

 

We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. Our only "cost" is our request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, etc or (2) other websites, blogs, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you must provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us.

 

This also extends the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.

 

I want to download these pictures to my computer or device?

 

You can download the photographic image here direct to your computer or device. This version is the low resolution web-quality image. How to download will vary slight from device to device and from browser to browser. However - look for a symbol with three dots 'ooo' or the link to 'View/Download' all sizes. When you click on either of these you will be presented with the option to download the image. Remember just doing a right-click and "save target as" will not work on Flickr.

 

I want get full resolution, print-quality, copies of these photographs?

 

If you just need these photographs for online usage then they can be used directly once you respect their Creative Commons license and provide a link back to our Flickr set if you use them. For offline usage and printing all of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available free, at no cost, at full image resolution.

 

Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.

 

In summary please remember when requesting photographs from us - If you are using the photographs online all we ask is for you to provide a link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. You will find the link above clearly outlined in the description text which accompanies this photograph. Taking these photographs and preparing them for online posting does take a significant effort and time. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around your social media, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc. If you are using the photographs in newspapers or magazines we ask that you mention where the original photograph came from.

 

I would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?

Many people offer payment for our photographs. As stated above we do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would consider paying for their purchase from other photographic providers or in other circumstances we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.

 

I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?

 

As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:

 

     ►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera

     ►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set

     ►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone

     ►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!

  

You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.

 

Don't like your photograph here?

That's OK! We understand!

 

If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.

 

I want to tell people about these great photographs!

Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably http://www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets

  

This is a photograph from the 45th running of the Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race and Fun Run in Dunboyne Village, Co. Meath, Ireland on Sunday 30th of March at 15:00. The event is sponsored by EirGrid. The "Dunboyne 4" lays rightful claim to being one of Ireland's longest and best established road races. It is now a landmark event in the Irish road racing calendar. Henry James once said "It takes an endless amount of history to make even a little tradition". Well the tradition of the 4 Mile Road Race is very safe as witness again today with over 1,000 participants taking part. Today's event yet again showed that it is one of heartbeats of Irish road racing.

 

We have an extensive set of photographs on our Flickr Photostream: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157643169446555/

 

Timing and event management was provided by Precision Timing. Results are available on their website at www.precisiontiming.net/result/racetimer with additional material available on their Facebook page (www.facebook.com/davidprecisiontiming?fref=ts) See their promotional video on YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-7_TUVwJ6Q

 

Reading on a Smartphone or tablet? Don't forget to scroll down further to read more about this race and see important Internet links to other information about the race! You can also find out how to access and download these photographs.

 

The "Dunboyne 4" offers a racing opportunity for everyone from elite international runners, to club runners, to joggers, first-time runners, and walkers. The atmosphere as the race returns to the village at the 2.5 mile mark is one of the best atmosphere's in local Irish athletics as it seems the whole village and associated supporters have come out to encourage the participants.

 

This is a brilliantly organised race with every detail taken care of to the highest standard. This is to the credit of all of the volunteers from Dunboyne AC, Meath Athletics, and the local community of Dunboyne and surrounding areas. It is a race by which others can measure themselves.

 

Dunboyne AC also shows it's committment to growing the next generation of athletes and runners in Ireland by hosting a set of Juvenile Races before the senior event. Based on the final mile of the course there are runs for Ages 9, 12, and 15 year old boys and girls.

 

The race starts at Dunboyne Business Park on the Navan Road (Google Streetview goo.gl/maps/RaS62) and proceeds south into the Village and straight ahead onto the Maynooth Road. The race passed Dunboyne Castle Hotel to the left. The one mile mark is reached at the roundabout where the race turns right and heads across the Village by-pass and towards the Dunboyne Summerhill Road. The two mile mark is just at the next roundabout where the race turns right towards the village again. One of the best parts of the race is the atmosphere as the race passes through the village with the crowds adding to the spectacle. The race must now complete one mile where the runners go along Station road, turn left at Mill Farm Road (near Race HQ) and join back to the race start with a downhill finished into the village (Google StreetView goo.gl/maps/GfK0T).

 

Garmin Connect GPS Trace: Dunboyne 4 Miles Route: connect.garmin.com/activity/161599136

 

Dunboyne AC Facebook Homepage www.facebook.com/DunboyneAC (Requires Facebook Logon)

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2014 Facebook Event Page: www.facebook.com/events/1407025122895071/?ref=22 (Requires Facebook Logon)

Dunboyne Athletic Club Internet Homepage: www.dunboyneac.com/

 

4 Mile Route Map: www.dunboyneac.com/images/course_map.pdf (PDF)

 

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2013 - Our Photographs: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157633073639903/

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2012 - Our Photographs: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157629300252072/

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2011 - Our Photographs: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157626364784640/

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2010 - Our Photographs: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157623595905403/

 

Boards.ie Athletics Forum Discussion on the 2014 Race: www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2057175978

Boards.ie Athletics Forum Discussion on the 2013 Race: www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2056906545

 

We use Creative Commons Licensing for these photographs

We use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License for all our photographs here in this photograph set. What does this mean in reality?

The explaination is very simple.

Attribution- anyone using our photographs gives us an appropriate credit for it. This ensures that people aren't taking our photographs and passing them off as their own. This usually just mean putting a link to our photographs somewhere on your website, blog, or Facebook where other people can see it.

ShareAlike – anyone can use these photographs, and make changes if they like, or incorporate them into a bigger project, but they must make those changes available back to the community under the same terms.

 

Creative Commons aims to encourage creative sharing. See some examples of Creative Commons photographs on Flickr: www.flickr.com/creativecommons/

 

Can I use these photographs directly from Flickr on my social media account(s)?

 

Yes - of course you can! Flickr provides several ways to share this and other photographs in this Flickr set. You can share to: email, Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, Tumblr, LiveJournal, and Wordpress and Blogger blog sites. Your mobile, tablet, or desktop device will also offer you several different options for sharing this photo page on your social media outlets.

 

We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. Our only "cost" is our request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, etc or (2) other websites, blogs, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you must provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us.

 

This also extends the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.

 

I want to download these pictures to my computer or device?

 

You can download the photographic image here direct to your computer or device. This version is the low resolution web-quality image. How to download will vary slight from device to device and from browser to browser. However - look for a symbol with three dots 'ooo' or the link to 'View/Download' all sizes. When you click on either of these you will be presented with the option to download the image. Remember just doing a right-click and "save target as" will not work on Flickr.

 

I want get full resolution, print-quality, copies of these photographs?

 

If you just need these photographs for online usage then they can be used directly once you respect their Creative Commons license and provide a link back to our Flickr set if you use them. For offline usage and printing all of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available free, at no cost, at full image resolution.

 

Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.

 

In summary please remember when requesting photographs from us - If you are using the photographs online all we ask is for you to provide a link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. You will find the link above clearly outlined in the description text which accompanies this photograph. Taking these photographs and preparing them for online posting does take a significant effort and time. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around your social media, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc. If you are using the photographs in newspapers or magazines we ask that you mention where the original photograph came from.

 

I would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?

Many people offer payment for our photographs. As stated above we do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would consider paying for their purchase from other photographic providers or in other circumstances we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.

 

I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?

 

As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:

 

     ►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera

     ►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set

     ►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone

     ►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!

  

You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.

 

Don't like your photograph here?

That's OK! We understand!

 

If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.

 

I want to tell people about these great photographs!

Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably http://www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets

  

This is a photograph from the 45th running of the Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race and Fun Run in Dunboyne Village, Co. Meath, Ireland on Sunday 30th of March at 15:00. The event is sponsored by EirGrid. The "Dunboyne 4" lays rightful claim to being one of Ireland's longest and best established road races. It is now a landmark event in the Irish road racing calendar. Henry James once said "It takes an endless amount of history to make even a little tradition". Well the tradition of the 4 Mile Road Race is very safe as witness again today with over 1,000 participants taking part. Today's event yet again showed that it is one of heartbeats of Irish road racing.

 

We have an extensive set of photographs on our Flickr Photostream: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157643169446555/

 

Timing and event management was provided by Precision Timing. Results are available on their website at www.precisiontiming.net/result/racetimer with additional material available on their Facebook page (www.facebook.com/davidprecisiontiming?fref=ts) See their promotional video on YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-7_TUVwJ6Q

 

Reading on a Smartphone or tablet? Don't forget to scroll down further to read more about this race and see important Internet links to other information about the race! You can also find out how to access and download these photographs.

 

The "Dunboyne 4" offers a racing opportunity for everyone from elite international runners, to club runners, to joggers, first-time runners, and walkers. The atmosphere as the race returns to the village at the 2.5 mile mark is one of the best atmosphere's in local Irish athletics as it seems the whole village and associated supporters have come out to encourage the participants.

 

This is a brilliantly organised race with every detail taken care of to the highest standard. This is to the credit of all of the volunteers from Dunboyne AC, Meath Athletics, and the local community of Dunboyne and surrounding areas. It is a race by which others can measure themselves.

 

Dunboyne AC also shows it's committment to growing the next generation of athletes and runners in Ireland by hosting a set of Juvenile Races before the senior event. Based on the final mile of the course there are runs for Ages 9, 12, and 15 year old boys and girls.

 

The race starts at Dunboyne Business Park on the Navan Road (Google Streetview goo.gl/maps/RaS62) and proceeds south into the Village and straight ahead onto the Maynooth Road. The race passed Dunboyne Castle Hotel to the left. The one mile mark is reached at the roundabout where the race turns right and heads across the Village by-pass and towards the Dunboyne Summerhill Road. The two mile mark is just at the next roundabout where the race turns right towards the village again. One of the best parts of the race is the atmosphere as the race passes through the village with the crowds adding to the spectacle. The race must now complete one mile where the runners go along Station road, turn left at Mill Farm Road (near Race HQ) and join back to the race start with a downhill finished into the village (Google StreetView goo.gl/maps/GfK0T).

 

Garmin Connect GPS Trace: Dunboyne 4 Miles Route: connect.garmin.com/activity/161599136

 

Dunboyne AC Facebook Homepage www.facebook.com/DunboyneAC (Requires Facebook Logon)

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2014 Facebook Event Page: www.facebook.com/events/1407025122895071/?ref=22 (Requires Facebook Logon)

Dunboyne Athletic Club Internet Homepage: www.dunboyneac.com/

 

4 Mile Route Map: www.dunboyneac.com/images/course_map.pdf (PDF)

 

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2013 - Our Photographs: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157633073639903/

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2012 - Our Photographs: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157629300252072/

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2011 - Our Photographs: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157626364784640/

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2010 - Our Photographs: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157623595905403/

 

Boards.ie Athletics Forum Discussion on the 2014 Race: www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2057175978

Boards.ie Athletics Forum Discussion on the 2013 Race: www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2056906545

 

We use Creative Commons Licensing for these photographs

We use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License for all our photographs here in this photograph set. What does this mean in reality?

The explaination is very simple.

Attribution- anyone using our photographs gives us an appropriate credit for it. This ensures that people aren't taking our photographs and passing them off as their own. This usually just mean putting a link to our photographs somewhere on your website, blog, or Facebook where other people can see it.

ShareAlike – anyone can use these photographs, and make changes if they like, or incorporate them into a bigger project, but they must make those changes available back to the community under the same terms.

 

Creative Commons aims to encourage creative sharing. See some examples of Creative Commons photographs on Flickr: www.flickr.com/creativecommons/

 

Can I use these photographs directly from Flickr on my social media account(s)?

 

Yes - of course you can! Flickr provides several ways to share this and other photographs in this Flickr set. You can share to: email, Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, Tumblr, LiveJournal, and Wordpress and Blogger blog sites. Your mobile, tablet, or desktop device will also offer you several different options for sharing this photo page on your social media outlets.

 

We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. Our only "cost" is our request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, etc or (2) other websites, blogs, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you must provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us.

 

This also extends the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.

 

I want to download these pictures to my computer or device?

 

You can download the photographic image here direct to your computer or device. This version is the low resolution web-quality image. How to download will vary slight from device to device and from browser to browser. However - look for a symbol with three dots 'ooo' or the link to 'View/Download' all sizes. When you click on either of these you will be presented with the option to download the image. Remember just doing a right-click and "save target as" will not work on Flickr.

 

I want get full resolution, print-quality, copies of these photographs?

 

If you just need these photographs for online usage then they can be used directly once you respect their Creative Commons license and provide a link back to our Flickr set if you use them. For offline usage and printing all of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available free, at no cost, at full image resolution.

 

Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.

 

In summary please remember when requesting photographs from us - If you are using the photographs online all we ask is for you to provide a link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. You will find the link above clearly outlined in the description text which accompanies this photograph. Taking these photographs and preparing them for online posting does take a significant effort and time. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around your social media, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc. If you are using the photographs in newspapers or magazines we ask that you mention where the original photograph came from.

 

I would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?

Many people offer payment for our photographs. As stated above we do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would consider paying for their purchase from other photographic providers or in other circumstances we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.

 

I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?

 

As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:

 

     ►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera

     ►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set

     ►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone

     ►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!

  

You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.

 

Don't like your photograph here?

That's OK! We understand!

 

If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.

 

I want to tell people about these great photographs!

Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably http://www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets

  

This is a photograph from the 45th running of the Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race and Fun Run in Dunboyne Village, Co. Meath, Ireland on Sunday 30th of March at 15:00. The event is sponsored by EirGrid. The "Dunboyne 4" lays rightful claim to being one of Ireland's longest and best established road races. It is now a landmark event in the Irish road racing calendar. Henry James once said "It takes an endless amount of history to make even a little tradition". Well the tradition of the 4 Mile Road Race is very safe as witness again today with over 1,000 participants taking part. Today's event yet again showed that it is one of heartbeats of Irish road racing.

 

We have an extensive set of photographs on our Flickr Photostream: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157643169446555/

 

Timing and event management was provided by Precision Timing. Results are available on their website at www.precisiontiming.net/result/racetimer with additional material available on their Facebook page (www.facebook.com/davidprecisiontiming?fref=ts) See their promotional video on YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-7_TUVwJ6Q

 

Reading on a Smartphone or tablet? Don't forget to scroll down further to read more about this race and see important Internet links to other information about the race! You can also find out how to access and download these photographs.

 

The "Dunboyne 4" offers a racing opportunity for everyone from elite international runners, to club runners, to joggers, first-time runners, and walkers. The atmosphere as the race returns to the village at the 2.5 mile mark is one of the best atmosphere's in local Irish athletics as it seems the whole village and associated supporters have come out to encourage the participants.

 

This is a brilliantly organised race with every detail taken care of to the highest standard. This is to the credit of all of the volunteers from Dunboyne AC, Meath Athletics, and the local community of Dunboyne and surrounding areas. It is a race by which others can measure themselves.

 

Dunboyne AC also shows it's committment to growing the next generation of athletes and runners in Ireland by hosting a set of Juvenile Races before the senior event. Based on the final mile of the course there are runs for Ages 9, 12, and 15 year old boys and girls.

 

The race starts at Dunboyne Business Park on the Navan Road (Google Streetview goo.gl/maps/RaS62) and proceeds south into the Village and straight ahead onto the Maynooth Road. The race passed Dunboyne Castle Hotel to the left. The one mile mark is reached at the roundabout where the race turns right and heads across the Village by-pass and towards the Dunboyne Summerhill Road. The two mile mark is just at the next roundabout where the race turns right towards the village again. One of the best parts of the race is the atmosphere as the race passes through the village with the crowds adding to the spectacle. The race must now complete one mile where the runners go along Station road, turn left at Mill Farm Road (near Race HQ) and join back to the race start with a downhill finished into the village (Google StreetView goo.gl/maps/GfK0T).

 

Garmin Connect GPS Trace: Dunboyne 4 Miles Route: connect.garmin.com/activity/161599136

 

Dunboyne AC Facebook Homepage www.facebook.com/DunboyneAC (Requires Facebook Logon)

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2014 Facebook Event Page: www.facebook.com/events/1407025122895071/?ref=22 (Requires Facebook Logon)

Dunboyne Athletic Club Internet Homepage: www.dunboyneac.com/

 

4 Mile Route Map: www.dunboyneac.com/images/course_map.pdf (PDF)

 

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2013 - Our Photographs: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157633073639903/

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2012 - Our Photographs: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157629300252072/

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2011 - Our Photographs: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157626364784640/

Dunboyne 4 Mile Road Race 2010 - Our Photographs: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157623595905403/

 

Boards.ie Athletics Forum Discussion on the 2014 Race: www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2057175978

Boards.ie Athletics Forum Discussion on the 2013 Race: www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2056906545

 

We use Creative Commons Licensing for these photographs

We use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License for all our photographs here in this photograph set. What does this mean in reality?

The explaination is very simple.

Attribution- anyone using our photographs gives us an appropriate credit for it. This ensures that people aren't taking our photographs and passing them off as their own. This usually just mean putting a link to our photographs somewhere on your website, blog, or Facebook where other people can see it.

ShareAlike – anyone can use these photographs, and make changes if they like, or incorporate them into a bigger project, but they must make those changes available back to the community under the same terms.

 

Creative Commons aims to encourage creative sharing. See some examples of Creative Commons photographs on Flickr: www.flickr.com/creativecommons/

 

Can I use these photographs directly from Flickr on my social media account(s)?

 

Yes - of course you can! Flickr provides several ways to share this and other photographs in this Flickr set. You can share to: email, Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, Tumblr, LiveJournal, and Wordpress and Blogger blog sites. Your mobile, tablet, or desktop device will also offer you several different options for sharing this photo page on your social media outlets.

 

We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. Our only "cost" is our request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, etc or (2) other websites, blogs, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you must provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us.

 

This also extends the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.

 

I want to download these pictures to my computer or device?

 

You can download the photographic image here direct to your computer or device. This version is the low resolution web-quality image. How to download will vary slight from device to device and from browser to browser. However - look for a symbol with three dots 'ooo' or the link to 'View/Download' all sizes. When you click on either of these you will be presented with the option to download the image. Remember just doing a right-click and "save target as" will not work on Flickr.

 

I want get full resolution, print-quality, copies of these photographs?

 

If you just need these photographs for online usage then they can be used directly once you respect their Creative Commons license and provide a link back to our Flickr set if you use them. For offline usage and printing all of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available free, at no cost, at full image resolution.

 

Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.

 

In summary please remember when requesting photographs from us - If you are using the photographs online all we ask is for you to provide a link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. You will find the link above clearly outlined in the description text which accompanies this photograph. Taking these photographs and preparing them for online posting does take a significant effort and time. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around your social media, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc. If you are using the photographs in newspapers or magazines we ask that you mention where the original photograph came from.

 

I would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?

Many people offer payment for our photographs. As stated above we do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would consider paying for their purchase from other photographic providers or in other circumstances we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.

 

I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?

 

As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:

 

     ►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera

     ►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set

     ►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone

     ►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!

  

You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.

 

Don't like your photograph here?

That's OK! We understand!

 

If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.

 

I want to tell people about these great photographs!

Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably http://www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets

Acrylic and paper on canvas (11x14)

Working The 6E84 08.30 Middleton Towers Gbrf To Monk Bretton Redfearns Gbrf According To Realtime Trains The Route And Timings Were

Middleton Towers Gbrf 08.30 No Report

Kings Lynn T.C. Gbrf 08.50 To 09.14 N/R 09.14 RT

Watlington 09.25 . 09.26 3/4 1L

Downham Market 09.38 1/2 . 09.35 3/4 2E

Hilgay Ahb 09.45 1/2 . 09.41 1/4 3E

Littleport 09.53 1/2 . 09.50 3E

Ely North Jn 10.01 . 10.02 1/4 1L

Ely West Jn 10.03 1/2 . 10.05 3/4 2L

March Down R.S. 10.28 1/2 To 11.40 1/2 10.25 N/R 3E

March 11.43 1/2 . 11.37 5E

March West Jn 11.45 1/2 No Report

Three Horse Shoes 11.53 No Report

Whittlesea 11.58 1/2 . 11.51 7E

Peterborough East Jn 12.09 . 11.59 1/4 9E

Peterborough [PBO] 12.11 To 12.13 12.00 3/4 . 12.01 1/2 11E

New England Nth Jn 12.16 . 12.05 1/4 10E

Werrington Jn 12.18 . 12.07 1/4 10E

Helpston Jn 12.21 1/2 . 12.11 1/4 10E

Tallington Jn 12.26 1/2 . 12.16 1/2 9E

Stoke Jn 12.47 1/2 . 12.47 3/4 RT

Highdyke Jn 12.49 1/2 .12.51 3/4 2L

Grantham 12.54 . 12.56 1/2 2L

Nottingham Branch Jn 12.54 1/2 . 12.56 3/4 2L

Barkston South Jn 12.59 . 12.59 1/2 RT

Claypole Loop 13.06 1/2 To 13.17 1/2 13.08 1/2 . 13.15 1/4 2E

Newark North Gate 13.24 . 13.22 1E

Newark F.C. 13.25 . 13.22 1/2 2E

Carlton On Trent Loop 13.30 1/2 . 13.27 3/4 2E

Retford 13.45 . 13.41 3E

Babworth Loop 13.46 No Report

Retford Crossover 13.46 1/2 . 13.41 3/4 4E

Ranskill Loop 13.51 . 13.46 4E

Loversall Carr Jn 14.01 1/2 . 13.58 3/4 2E

Doncaster Decoy South Jcn 14.03 . 14.03 RT

Doncaster Down Decoy Gbrf 14.06 To 14.32 1/2 No Report

Decoy Nth Jn 14.34 1/2 . 14.27 1/2 6E

Bridge Jn 14.36 1/2 . 14.35 3/4 RT

Doncaster 14.39 . 14.41 1/2 2L

Donc. Marshgate Jn 14.39 1/2 . 14.42 1/2 3L

Arksey Loop 14.42 . 14.44 1/2 2L

Shaftholme Jn 14.45 . 14.48 1/2 3L

Haywood Jn 14.47 1/2 . 14.51 1/2 4L

Norton Level Crossing 14.52 . 14.55 3/4 3L

Knottingley South Jn 15.03 . 15.12 9L

Knottingley West Jn 15.04 . 15.13 1/2 9L

Pontefract East Junction 15.06 . 15.15 1/2 9L

Pontefract Monkhill 15.08 1/2 . 15.17 1/2 9L

Pontefract Tanshelf 15.09 1/2 . 15.19 9L

Featherstone 15.12 1/2 . 15.22 9L

Streethouse 15.14 1/2 . 15.24 1/2 9L

Crofton East Jn 15.17 1/2 . 15.28 10L

Oakenshaw South Jn 15.20 No Report

Royston Jn 15.27 No Report

Monk Bretton Loop 15.35 To 15.55 No Report

Monk Bretton Redfearns Gbrf 16.05 . 16.16 11L

According to Realtime Trains the route and timings were;

Tonbridge Engineers Sdn...2035....................2035...................RT

Tonbridge [TON] A................2037/2043.........NoRep/2042......1E

Paddock Wood 2...................2051 1/2..............2051....................RT

Maidstone West [MDW] 1.....2115 1/2................2114.......................1E

Cuxton [CUX]..........................2134.....................2132.....................2E

Strood [SOO] 3.......................2138/2150...........2137/2144...........6E

Hoo Junction..........................2157.....................2150.....................7E

Gravesend [GRV] 1................2205....................2205...................RT

Springhead Junction ..........2208....................2208...................RT

Dartford [DFD] 2....................2225....................2224.....................1E

Barnehurst [BNH] 1................2232/2235.........2233/2236..........1L

Slade Green [SGR] 1..............2240/2255........2241/2241........14E

Plumstead [PLU]....................2301 1/2...............2252 1/2.............9E

Woolwich Arsenal 1...............2303 1/2..............2255....................8E

Charlton [CTN] 1.....................2306 1/2..............2301.....................5E

Greenwich [GNW] 2..............2310.....................2309 1/2............RT

North Kent East Junction.....2320....................2313.....................7E

North Kent East Junction.....2345 1/2..............2345...................RT

Greenwich [GNW] 1...............2347 1/2..............2348...................RT

Charlton [CTN] 2....................2350 1/2..............2353 1/2..............3L

Woolwich Arsenal 2..............2355 1/2..............2358....................2L

Plumstead [PLU] 2.................2357 1/2..............2359.....................1L

Slade Green [SGR] 2.............0010/0013..........0009/0010.........3E

Barnehurst [BNH] 1................0018 1/2..............0017 1/2...............1E

Eltham [ELW] 1........................0023 1/2.............0026...................2L

Blackheath [BKH] 1................0027 1/2..............0030...................2L

Lewisham [LEW] 3.................0029 1/2.............0034....................4L

St Johns [SAJ] 1......................0030 1/2.............0035....................4L

New Cross [NWX] B..............0033/0048........0037/0040........8E

St Johns [SAJ] 2.....................0050....................0042 1/2.............7E

Parks Bridge Junction..........0054....................0044..................10E

Hither Green [HGR] 4...........0056....................0046..................10E

Grove Park [GRP] 5...............0059....................0049 1/2.............9E

Chislehurst [CIT] S.................0103.....................0052..................11E

Petts Wood Junction............0107.....................0054..................13E

Orpington [ORP] 4.................0110/0155...........0059/NoRep....11E

Petts Wood Junction............0157.....................0105..................52E

Chislehurst [CIT] F.................0159.....................0106..................53E

Grove Park [GRP] 2...............0203....................0109 1/2...........53E

Grove Park [GRP] 1................0212.....................0138..................34E

Bromley North [BMN] 2........0217/0220.........0142/0143.......37E

Grove Park [GRP] 2...............0225....................0147 1/2............37E

Hither Green [HGR] 3...........0228....................0151...................37E

Parks Bridge Junction..........0230....................0152..................38E

St Johns [SAJ] 1......................0231.....................0153 1/2...........37E

New Cross [NWX] B..............0233/0236.........0155/0157.......39E

St Johns [SAJ] 2.....................0238....................0159..................39E

Lewisham [LEW] 4.................0239....................0200................39E

Blackheath [BKH] 2...............0241.....................0203.................38E

Eltham [ELW] 2.......................0245....................0208 1/2..........36E

Barnehurst [BNH] 2...............0250....................0216 1/2...........33E

Crayford [CRY] A....................0301.....................0227 1/2..........33E

Sidcup [SID] 1..........................0308....................0233 1/2..........34E

Lee [LEE] 1...............................0314.....................0240 1/2..........33E

Hither Green [HGR] 5...........0316.....................0242.................34E

Parks Bridge Junction..........0318.....................0245.................33E

St Johns [SAJ] 1......................0319.....................0246.................33E

New Cross [NWX] B..............0321/0324..........0248/0250.....34E

St Johns [SAJ] 2.....................0326....................0252.................34E

Parks Bridge Junction..........0328 1/2..............0252.................36E

Hither Green [HGR] 2...........0330 1/2..............0254 1/2..........36E

Grove Park [GRP] 3...............0333 1/2..............0256 1/2..........37E

Chislehurst [CIT] F.................0337 1/2..............0259 1/2..........38E

Petts Wood Junction............0339 1/2..............0301..................38E

Orpington [ORP] 4.................0342/0347.........0305/0307.....40E

Petts Wood Junction............0349....................0310..................39E

Chislehurst [CIT] S.................0351.....................0311...................40E

Grove Park [GRP] 4...............0355....................0317..................38E

Lee [LEE] 2..............................0401.....................0323.................38E

Sidcup [SID] 2.........................0407....................0329 1/2..........37E

Crayford [CRY] 2....................0414.....................0335.................39E

Dartford [DFD] 3.....................0418/0431...........0339/0351......40E

Crayford [CRY] 1.....................0435/0438.........0355/0357......41E

Barnehurst [BNH] 1................0446/0449.........0408/0411.......38E

Dartford [DFD] 4.....................0459....................0418...................41E

Springhead Junction ..........0508....................0426.................42E

Gravesend [GRV] 2...............0510.....................0429 1/2..........40E

Hoo Junction..........................0515 1/2..............0434..................41E

Strood [SOO] 1........................0523 1/2/0524..0441/0442......42E

Cuxton [CUX] 2......................0528....................0445.................43E

Maidstone West [MDW] 2....0542....................0500................42E

Paddock Wood 2...................0602....................0517 1/2............44E

Tonbridge [TON] 2................0611/0614............0526/NoRep..45E

Tonbridge Engineers Sdn...0617.....................0532.................45E

 

MXL timing pulley from McMaster-Carr

Florida Keys Vacation Homes

can be a profitable investment

an invterview with Cathy Sheehan

 

Florida Keys vacation homes and investment properties are a topic many of our Readers are interested in. There’s something magical about owning a piece of property in this tropical paradise. Whether you’re looking to buy a vacation home, a permanent home, or a vacation rental property, the timing couldn’t be better.

Towards that end, I believed it was important to have a conversation with a Realtor who was well versed with the Florida Keys market as a whole. Someone who knew the region inside and out, and who could provide facts, figures, and helpful insight on Florida Keys vacation homes, investment properties, and home purchases.

 

Lela Ashkarian is a well respected Realtor with a 13 year, highly successful career. Only someone of her caliber could bring the knowledge and guidance we needed to share with our Readers. I believe you’ll find her interview to be informative and beneficial if Florida Keys vacation homes are an option for you.

 

Not only is Ms. Ashkarian a well respected Realtor, she has authored several books. Her latest, “The Crossing”, captures the essence of a young woman on the brink of disaster yet imbued with determination to more than survive, to thrive. She has taken the determination she needed to leave her war torn country, and applied that to building a successful career in real estate in the Florida Keys.

 

Her story takes her from the embattled shores of Lebanon to the palm-studded beaches of Key West, and in her autobiography she weaves a fascinating and inspiring story of courage, ambition, and transformation. The title Ms. Ashkarian chose for her latest book symbolizes many successful crossings in her life—spiritual, emotional, financial, and physical—affording the reader an opportunity for self-examination in the mirror of her amazing life.

 

I believe you find that the thoughtfulness Lela has put into her latest book is also seen in her answers to the following questions we asked her about real estate in the Florida Keys.

 

FKV: Out of all of the Florida Keys, which of the Keys is the most affordable for investment properties?

  

LA: There are certain areas or pockets of areas starting from Key Largo to Key West that have subdivisions where for example you could buy a little mobile home on a canal from $250,000 to $350,000. There are also areas like Islamorada, Marathon and the lower Keys, especially Big Pine area, where for $350,000 you can get good piece of land, and a nice two bedroom/2 bath single family home. It really depends on a buyer’s definition of affordable and where they want their Florida Keys vacation home, permanent home, or investment properties to be located.

  

FKV: That’s good information because each of our visitors will have different criteria regarding Florida Keys vacation homes and investment properties. Your answer provides them with a helpful guideline to work within. Knowing what you just said, and with real estate being what it is in this downturn of a market, is there any particular Key that would be better at holding it’s value over another?

  

LA: For Florida Keys vacation homes, investment properties and home sales, there are certain pockets of the market that have retained their value. To name a few, Key Colony Beach which is in the heart of the Florida Keys. Duck Key which has beautiful luxury homes, and Shark Key which is about 7 miles east of Key West. In the Upper Keys other such places are Islamorada, Plantation, and Key Largo. Other parts of the islands where they have kept their identity will hold value as well. These are the places are that are also going to appreciate faster than other areas in the Keys such as Big Pine or Ramrod.

 

FKV: Ramrod and Big Pine won’t hold their value as well, is that what you’re saying?

  

LA: I wouldn’t say it that way exactly. Their appreciation down the road would be about 2% - 3% on average. If they someone was buying Florida Keys vacation homes, investment properties or homes in Islamorada, Lower Matecumbe, Duck Key, Key Colony Beach, or Shark Key - those are the areas that would probably appreciate 4.5% - 5.5% in the years to come.

  

FKV: That’s good to know. So basically, if you’re in Islamorada or Lower Matecumbe you’ll have a higher appreciation rate on Florida Keys vacation homes and other properties than if you were in Ramrod?

  

LA: Yes, that’s correct.

  

FKV: Over the last few years, the real estate market in the United States has substantially dwindled. How do you feel the Florida Keys compares to the rest of the State of Florida in terms of the recovery process that’s just beginning?

  

LA: That’s a very good question. Our market dove in 2005, 2 - 3 years before the nation’s market really took it’s dive. This was because of Hurricane Katrina and Wilma. When these hurricanes passed through, consumers started to become concerned about investing in Florida Keys vacation homes and other types of properties. In 2007 when the economy took a major down turn, and the entire nation took a dive in the real estate market, our market had already dived 2 years earlier. Over the last 4 years our average list price declined -26% .

  

Now we’re leading the nation again but in a positive way. Our market is turning upward 2 years earlier than it is in the rest of the country. For example, the number of properties for sale decreased -10% to 3,359 from 3,752 in December 2010.

  

Something else that’s worth looking at is the original list price to sale price which is the price of the property when it was first listed. For the year 2011 that was 76.48%. The final list price to sale price, which is the price of the property at the time of obtaining a contract that resulted in the sale, did not change from 2011 at 90.97% compared to 2010 at 90.77%.

  

FKV: You said the Florida Keys are about 2 years ahead of the recovery process compared to the rest of the nation. So you’re already seeing some improvement. Does this mean that you don’t have as much inventory for Florida Keys vacation homes, and investment properties as you did a couple of years ago? And is the inventory starting to get picked over making it hard to find a really good buy?

  

LA: Investment properties, Florida Keys vacation homes, permanent homes all lost their value. It wasn't in just specific islands, it was certain areas such as Key West, Marathon, Big Pine Lower Keys have considerably lost their value by as much as 33% - 40% . They all took a serious dive. So after 2009 - 2010, and the following 2011 and 2012, the number of property sales decreased minus 10%. So between 2006 - 2009 we had 4,700 properties in Key West, now we have 3,500 properties in all of the Florida Keys.

  

If you look at the months of inventory, which is the months required to sell the existing inventory on December 31, 2011 if no other properties are placed on the market for sale, it decreased by -21% to 20 months or 1 year, 8 months and this is excellent. This absorption quotient measures the relative health of the market and provides a measure of the relationship between the number of listings and rate of sales. Simply put, if you looked at the current trend as a graph you’d see that it has turned upward in sales and downward in listings.

  

FKV: That’s good news. So there’s reasonable inventory for people looking for Florida Keys vacation homes, investment properties and permanent homes to pick through. Do you feel that it’s starting to become more of an equal buyer’s - seller’s market. That it’s not just favoring the buyer as much anymore?

  

LA: I believe it will take another 6 months if the market keeps going like it is, and then they’re will be 2,400 listings between Key Largo and Key West. This is when the market will equalize. We will then have more of a balance of harmony between buyers and sellers. It’ll probably be another 2 years before this changes and then becomes more of a sellers market. Any buyers waiting til then will have missed out on a chance to buy investment properties that had once been really high and then had the big price reductions. They’re going to miss out on that opportunity to buy Florida Keys vacation homes and other investments and they’re going to say, “I wish I..., I could have..., I should have...”

  

FKV: So what’s happening right now is that a buyer can still pick up some of those premium Florida Keys vacation homes, and other investment properties that just a few years ago were prohibitive. The kinds of property people usually only dream about, because they don’t believe they can afford them. They’re still out there right now, correct?

  

LA: Yes, and I’d like to give you an example of a property that I just closed on Friday. I call it a trophy property. That property cost the seller $4 million. It has beautiful water views, is a 4 bedroom, 4 bath home, and the property closed on Friday for $1,750,000 including furniture. My buyers were ones I had in my database, past clients, and they knew that they were going to miss it, if they didn’t buy it now. The trophy properties are selling very good, and they’re still some great choices because there are 3,500 listings throughout the Keys. Anyone interested in Florida Keys vacation homes, permanent homes, or investment properties at these great prices needs to come down now.

  

FKV: Obviously one of the things that everyone dreams about is owning Florida Keys vacation homes on the water. Open water preferably. Of course there’s also only so much land on water available so it’s always at a premium. When someone is looking to buy water property, what would be a guideline to expect to pay for a low end vs a high end?

  

LA: Let’s take a closer look at the area. I’d be very comfortable saying that the average sale price for 2011 was $404,000 between Key Largo and Key West. Now in Key Colony Beach, you could get a nice half of a duplex, 2 bedroom 2 bath, walk in from the beach. A buyer could get a place like that for between $400,000 - $425,000 - $500,000. I’m concentrating on Key Colony Beach for this example because this is the paradise people who come down here love. They love it for the beach, the canals, and because of the community, so they could pick up a very nice half of a duplex for $425,000.00.

  

FKV: What about purchasing a single family dwelling as a Florida Keys vacation home. How much more would they have to pay for a home over half a duplex?

  

LA: In let’s say Key Colony Beach, Duck Key, or Marathon, a nice 3 bedroom 2 bath single family dwelling that could be turned into a vacation rental property would rent from $1800 - $2500/week. That house is going to cost a buyer between $850,000 - $950,000 on a canal.

  

FKV: Some buyers purchasing a Florida Keys vacation home may want to do just - treat them as investment properties. They could keep it as a vacation rental property for some of the year, and then use it part of the year for themselves. I know you do not handle property management, but are people very successful with renting their Florida Keys vacation homes out in the summer months? Are they successful with renting year round as well, or is it typically just the winter months that are productive for people to rent our their Florida Keys vacation homes?

  

LA: To give you some very good news we have 3 property managers in our office at Coldwell Banker Schmitt who handle Florida Keys vacation homes and other properties. We’re considered to be the largest ‘hotel accommodation’ for people coming down to rent property. This December, 2011, has been the highest in 55 years for vacation rentals and there’s a reason for that. Due to the economy, a lot of people don’t want to leave the United States. Also, since some people have lost their homes, buyers are coming in and picking up these homes as investment properties at very nice prices. They’re then turning those properties into vacation rentals and they’re making money. Starting August, 2011, vacation rentals and long term rentals have been very, very good, and it’s going to continue like that for many years to come.

  

FKV: So do people rent these Florida Keys vacation homes for long periods at a time?

  

LA: Well Florida Keys vacation homes that are rentals require a transient license, and there are certain areas you can rent and there are certain areas where the city and county will not let you rent less than 28 days. Back to Key Colony Beach if you had a 3 bedroom 2 bath or a 4 bedroom 3 bath, a house like that could rent upward of $2700 - $3500/week. My customers that have bought these properties are making $80,000 - $100,000 from these properties a year. Now that’s a great vacation rental investment.

  

FKV: Yes, it sure is. Especially if you can use the property as your own Florida Keys vacation home . Another question regarding water property, and I’m sure there are different views on this subject, but it’s regarding the Atlantic side vs. Florida Bay or the Gulf side. Which side would have the greatest resale value?

  

LA: That really depends on what the buyer wants. If they want a sunrise or a sunset is the only real difference between the 2 sides. The Atlantic side will give a buyer beautiful sunrises and the Florida Bay and Gulf side will give them wonderful sunsets.

  

FKV: So there really isn’t any difference in value or price, it simply comes down to personal preference when looking a Florida Keys vacation home.

  

LA: Exactly.

 

FKV: Are there are restrictions for a non-US citizen or resident to purchase property in the Florida Keys or on the water? The reason I ask is that some countries, Mexico for example, they won’t allow non-citizens to purchase ocean front property.

  

LA: Foreign buyers have increased their appetite for property in the Keys, and I believe that 24% of this coming year, 2012, will be foreign buyers. The reason is the dollar is low, mortgage rates are low and inventory is high so it’s the perfect time for foreign buyers to pick up some great investment properties. However, they do have to follow Federal government requirements for such things as visas, federal taxation, recording and compliance, financing and credit, property tax and insurance. Other than that I’m inclined not to comment as I can’t give legal advise.

 

FKV: Fair enough. Can you give us some sort of an idea as to what to expect to pay for property taxes in Monroe County for a Florida Keys vacation home?

  

LA: Taxes in Monroe County - hmm, well I’m going to give you an example that I give to my prospective buyers. Let’s say on a $1 million home, expect to pay $10,000 in property taxes. That will be for school, county, and water district. For more specific information regarding a property, they can either call me 305-395-0814 or visit Monroe County Tax Appraiser’s Office.

   

According to Realtime Trains the route and timings were;

Glenrothes with Thornton ...1816....................1813...........................3E

Thornton South Junction.....1819....................1818............................1E

Kirkcaldy [KDY].......................1823 1/2/1825..1825 1/2/1826 3/4...1L

Kinghorn [KGH].......................1829 1/2/1831...1831 1/4/1832 1/4.....1L

Burntisland [BTS]....................1835/1836 1/2..1836 3/4/1838 1/4...1L

Aberdour [AUR].......................1841/1842 1/2...1842/1843 1/4..........RT

Dalgety Bay [DAG].................1847/1848 1/2..1847 1/4/1848 1/4....RT

Inverkeithing [INK]..................1851 1/2/1853...1851/1852 3/4.........RT

Dalmeny Junction..................1912....................1904 1/4....................7E

South Gyle [SGL]....................1916 1/2/1918....1918/1918 1/2...........RT

Haymarket West Jn................1924...................1920 3/4...................3E

Haymarket [HYM]...................1926/1927........1923 3/4/1925 1/4...1E

Edinburgh [EDB].....................1931....................1931 1/2.....................RT

 

then 5K14 to Motherwell Tmd DRS

 

Edinburgh [EDB]...................1941...........1940 1/2.....RT

Portabello Jn(Lothian)..........1946..........1946 1/2.....RT

Niddrie West Junction........1949..........1949 1/2.....RT

Craiglockhart Junction.......2000........2000 3/4...RT

Slateford Junction...............2003........2001 3/4.....1E

Kingsknowe [KGE]...............2004........2003..........RT

Curriehill [CUH].....................2007........2004 1/4....2E

Kirknewton [KKN].................2013.........2009 1/2....3E

Midcalder Junction..............2014.........2010...........3E

Livingston South [LVG].......2016.........2012 1/2.....3E

West Calder [WCL]...............2019.........2012 3/4....6E

Shotts [SHS]...........................2030........2026..........3E

Mossend East Junction......2052........2040..........11E

Mossend South Junction...2054........2045 1/4....8E

 

by wesleyverhoeve ift.tt/1JDH8vf

I have my timing down on these cameras pretty well now but when I started in micro four thirds the "close-open-close" shutter latency used to trip me up.

 

I took Chris and Sarah -- who are visiting us from the UK -- to a Carolina League (minor league) baseball game in Wilmington and our locals the "Wilmington Blue Rocks" played the "Myrtle Beach Pelicans" (from South Carolina).

 

The Blue Rocks won -- and we introduced Chris to American Baseball which he had never ever seen before. We had a great time and it was a GREAT night for baseball!

 

Panasonic DMC-GH2 and Panasonic 35-100mm f/2.8 lens.

 

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