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Cape Cod
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This article is about the area of Massachusetts. For other uses, see Cape Cod (disambiguation).
For other uses, see Cod (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 41°41′20″N 70°17′49″W / 41.68889°N 70.29694°W / 41.68889; -70.29694
Map of Massachusetts, with Cape Cod (Barnstable County) indicated in red
Dunes on Sandy Neck are part of the Cape's barrier beach which helps to prevent erosion
Cape Cod, often referred to locally as simply the Cape, is an island and a cape in the easternmost portion of the state of Massachusetts, in the Northeastern United States. It is coextensive with Barnstable County. Several small islands right off Cape Cod, including Monomoy Island, Monomoscoy Island, Popponesset Island, and Seconsett Island, are also in Barnstable County, being part of municipalities with land on the Cape. The Cape's small-town character and large beachfront attract heavy tourism during the summer months.
Cape Cod was formed as the terminal moraine of a glacier, resulting in a peninsula in the Atlantic Ocean. In 1914, the Cape Cod Canal was cut through the base or isthmus of the peninsula, forming an island. The Cape Cod Commission refers to the resultant landmass as an island; as does the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in regards to disaster preparedness.[1] It is still identified as a peninsula by geographers, who do not change landform designations based on man-made canal construction.[citation needed]
Unofficially, it is one of the biggest barrier islands in the world, shielding much of the Massachusetts coastline from North Atlantic storm waves. This protection helps to erode the Cape shoreline at the expense of cliffs, while protecting towns from Fairhaven to Marshfield.
Road vehicles from the mainland cross over the Cape Cod Canal via the Sagamore Bridge and the Bourne Bridge. The two bridges are parallel, with the Bourne Bridge located slightly farther southwest. In addition, the Cape Cod Canal Railroad Bridge carries railway freight as well as tourist passenger services.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Geography and political divisions
o 1.1 "Upper" and "Lower"
* 2 Geology
* 3 Climate
* 4 Native population
* 5 History
* 6 Lighthouses of Cape Cod
* 7 Transportation
o 7.1 Bus
o 7.2 Rail
o 7.3 Taxi
* 8 Tourism
* 9 Sport fishing
* 10 Sports
* 11 Education
* 12 Islands off Cape Cod
* 13 See also
* 14 References
o 14.1 Notes
o 14.2 Sources
o 14.3 Further reading
* 15 External links
[edit] Geography and political divisions
Towns of Barnstable County
historical map of 1890
The highest elevation on Cape Cod is 306 feet (93 m), at the top of Pine Hill, in the Bourne portion of the Massachusetts Military Reservation. The lowest point is sea level.
The body of water located between Cape Cod and the mainland, bordered to the north by Massachusetts Bay, is Cape Cod Bay; west of Cape Cod is Buzzards Bay. The Cape Cod Canal, completed in 1916, connects Buzzards Bay to Cape Cod Bay; it shortened the trade route between New York and Boston by 62 miles.[2] To the south of Cape Cod lie Nantucket Sound; Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, both large islands, and the mostly privately owned Elizabeth Islands.
Cape Cod incorporates all of Barnstable County, which comprises 15 towns: Bourne, Sandwich, Falmouth, and Mashpee, Barnstable, Yarmouth, Dennis, Harwich, Brewster, Chatham, Orleans, Eastham, Wellfleet, Truro, and Provincetown. Two of the county's fifteen towns (Bourne and Sandwich) include land on the mainland side of the Cape Cod Canal. The towns of Plymouth and Wareham, in adjacent Plymouth County, are sometimes considered to be part of Cape Cod but are not located on the island.
In the 17th century the designation Cape Cod applied only to the tip of the peninsula, essentially present-day Provincetown. Over the ensuing decades, the name came to mean all the land east of the Manomet and Scussett rivers - essentially the line of the 20th century Cape Cod Canal. Now, the complete towns of Bourne and Sandwich are widely considered to incorporate the full perimeter of Cape Cod, even though small parts of these towns are located on the west side of the canal. The canal divides the largest part of the peninsula from the mainland and the resultant landmass is sometimes referred to as an island.[3][4] Additionally some "Cape Codders" – residents of "The Cape" – refer to all land on the mainland side of the canal as "off-Cape."
For most of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, Cape Cod was considered to consist of three sections:
* The Upper Cape is the part of Cape Cod closest to the mainland, comprising the towns of Bourne, Sandwich, Falmouth, and Mashpee. Falmouth is the home of the famous Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and several other research organizations, and is also the most-used ferry connection to Martha's Vineyard. Falmouth is composed of several separate villages, including East Falmouth, Falmouth Village, Hatchville, North Falmouth, Teaticket, Waquoit, West Falmouth, and Woods Hole, as well as several smaller hamlets that are incorporated into their larger neighbors (e.g., Davisville, Falmouth Heights, Quissett, Sippewissett, and others).[5]
* The Mid-Cape includes the towns of Barnstable, Yarmouth and Dennis. The Mid-Cape area features many beautiful beaches, including warm-water beaches along Nantucket Sound, e.g., Kalmus Beach in Hyannis, which gets its name from one of the inventors of Technicolor, Herbert Kalmus. This popular windsurfing destination was bequeathed to the town of Barnstable by Dr. Kalmus on condition that it not be developed, possibly one of the first instances of open-space preservation in the US. The Mid-Cape is also the commercial and industrial center of the region. There are seven villages in Barnstable, including Barnstable Village, Centerville, Cotuit, Hyannis, Marstons Mills, Osterville, and West Barnstable, as well as several smaller hamlets that are incorporated into their larger neighbors (e.g., Craigville, Cummaquid, Hyannisport, Santuit, Wianno, and others).[6] There are three villages in Yarmouth: South Yarmouth, West Yarmouth and Yarmouthport. There are five villages in Dennis including, Dennis Village(North Dennis), East Dennis, West Dennis, South Dennis and Dennisport.[7]
* The Lower Cape traditionally included all of the rest of the Cape,or the towns of Harwich, Brewster, Chatham, Orleans, Eastham, Wellfleet, Truro, and Provincetown. This area includes the Cape Cod National Seashore, a national park comprising much of the outer Cape, including the entire east-facing coast, and is home to some of the most popular beaches in America, such as Coast Guard Beach and Nauset Light Beach in Eastham. Stephen Leatherman, aka "Dr. Beach", named Coast Guard Beach the 5th best beach in America for 2007.[8]
[edit] "Upper" and "Lower"
The terms "Upper" and "Lower" as applied to the Cape have nothing to do with north and south. Instead, they derive from maritime convention at the time when the principal means of transportation involved watercraft, and the prevailing westerly winds meant that a boat with sails traveling northeast in Cape Cod Bay would have the wind at its back and thus be going downwind, while a craft sailing southwest would be going against the wind, or upwind.[9] Similarly, on nearby Martha's Vineyard, "Up Island" still is the western section and "Down Island" is to the east, and in Maine, "Down East" is similarly defined by the winds and currents.
Over time, the reasons for the traditional nomenclature became unfamiliar and their meaning obscure. Late in the 1900s, new arrivals began calling towns from Eastham to Provincetown the "Outer Cape", yet another geographic descriptor which is still in use, as is the "Inner Cape."
[edit] Geology
Cape Cod and Cape Cod Bay from space.[10]
East of America, there stands in the open Atlantic the last fragment of an ancient and vanished land. Worn by the breakers and the rains, and disintegrated by the wind, it still stands bold.
“
”
Henry Beston, The Outermost House
Cape Cod forms a continuous archipelagic region with a thin line of islands stretching toward New York, historically known by naturalists as the Outer Lands. This continuity is due to the fact that the islands and Cape are all terminal glacial moraines laid down some 16,000 to 20,000 years ago.
Most of Cape Cod's geological history involves the advance and retreat of the Laurentide ice sheet in the late Pleistocene geological era and the subsequent changes in sea level. Using radiocarbon dating techniques, researchers have determined that around 23,000 years ago, the ice sheet reached its maximum southward advance over North America, and then started to retreat. Many "kettle ponds" — clear, cold lakes — were formed and remain on Cape Cod as a result of the receding glacier. By about 18,000 years ago, the ice sheet had retreated past Cape Cod. By roughly 15,000 years ago, it had retreated past southern New England. When so much of Earth's water was locked up in massive ice sheets, the sea level was lower. Truro's bayside beaches used to be a petrified forest, before it became a beach.
As the ice began to melt, the sea began to rise. Initially, sea level rose quickly, about 15 meters (50 ft) per 1,000 years, but then the rate declined. On Cape Cod, sea level rose roughly 3 meters (11 ft) per millennium between 6,000 and 2,000 years ago. After that, it continued to rise at about 1 meter (3 ft) per millennium. By 6,000 years ago, the sea level was high enough to start eroding the glacial deposits that the vanished continental ice sheet had left on Cape Cod. The water transported the eroded deposits north and south along the outer Cape's shoreline. Those reworked sediments that moved north went to the tip of Cape Cod.
Provincetown Spit, at the northern end of the Cape, consists largely of marine deposits, transported from farther up the shore. Sediments that moved south created the islands and shoals of Monomoy. So while other parts of the Cape have dwindled from the action of the waves, these parts of the Cape have grown.
Cape Cod National Seashore
This process continues today. Due to their position jutting out into the Atlantic Ocean, the Cape and islands are subject to massive coastal erosion. Geologists say that, due to erosion, the Cape will be completely submerged by the sea in thousands of years.[11] This erosion causes the washout of beaches and the destruction of the barrier islands; for example, the ocean broke through the barrier island at Chatham during Hurricane Bob in 1991, allowing waves and storm surges to hit the coast with no obstruction. Consequently, the sediment and sand from the beaches is being washed away and deposited elsewhere. While this destroys land in some places, it creates land elsewhere, most noticeably in marshes where sediment is deposited by waters running through them.
[edit] Climate
Although Cape Cod's weather[12] is typically more moderate than inland locations, there have been occasions where Cape Cod has dealt with the brunt of extreme weather situations (such as the Blizzard of 1954 and Hurricane of 1938). Because of the influence of the Atlantic Ocean, temperatures are typically a few degrees cooler in the summer and a few degrees warmer in the winter. A common misconception is that the climate is influenced largely by the warm Gulf Stream current, however that current turns eastward off the coast of Virginia and the waters off the Cape are more influenced by the cold Canadian Labrador Current. As a result, the ocean temperature rarely gets above 65 °F (18 °C), except along the shallow west coast of the Upper Cape.
The Cape's climate is also notorious for a delayed spring season, being surrounded by an ocean which is still cold from the winter; however, it is also known for an exceptionally mild fall season (Indian summer), thanks to the ocean remaining warm from the summer. The highest temperature ever recorded on Cape Cod was 104 °F (40 °C) in Provincetown[13], and the lowest temperature ever was −12 °F (−24.4 °C) in Barnstable.[14]
The water surrounding Cape Cod moderates winter temperatures enough to extend the USDA hardiness zone 7a to its northernmost limit in eastern North America.[15] Even though zone 7a (annual low = 0–5 degrees Fahrenheit) signifies no sub-zero temperatures annually, there have been several instances of temperatures reaching a few degrees below zero across the Cape (although it is rare, usually 1–5 times a year, typically depending on locale, sometimes not at all). Consequently, many plant species typically found in more southerly latitudes grow there, including Camellias, Ilex opaca, Magnolia grandiflora and Albizia julibrissin.
Precipitation on Cape Cod and the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket is the lowest in the New England region, averaging slightly less than 40 inches (1,000 mm) a year (most parts of New England average 42–46 inches). This is due to storm systems which move across western areas, building up in mountainous regions, and dissipating before reaching the coast where the land has leveled out. The region does not experience a greater number of sunny days however, as the number of cloudy days is the same as inland locales, in addition to increased fog. Snowfall is annual, but a lot less common than the rest of Massachusetts. On average, 30 inches of snow, which is a foot less than Boston, falls in an average winter. Snow is usually light, and comes in squalls on cold days. Storms that bring blizzard conditions and snow emergencies to the mainland, bring devastating ice storms or just heavy rains more frequently than large snow storms.
[hide]Climate data for Cape Cod
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 2.06
(35.7) 2.5
(36.5) 6.22
(43.2) 11.72
(53.1) 16.94
(62.5) 23.5
(74.3) 26.39
(79.5) 26.67
(80.0) 25.06
(77.1) 18.39
(65.1) 12.56
(54.6) 5.44
(41.8) 26.67
(80.0)
Average low °C (°F) -5.33
(22.4) -5
(23.0) -1.33
(29.6) 2.72
(36.9) 8.72
(47.7) 14.61
(58.3) 19.22
(66.6) 20.28
(68.5) 15.56
(60.0) 9.94
(49.9) 3.94
(39.1) -2.22
(28.0) -5.33
(22.4)
Precipitation mm (inches) 98
(3.86) 75.4
(2.97) 95
(3.74) 92.5
(3.64) 83.6
(3.29) 76.7
(3.02) 62.2
(2.45) 65
(2.56) 74.7
(2.94) 84.8
(3.34) 90.7
(3.57) 92.7
(3.65) 990.9
(39.01)
Source: World Meteorological Organisation (United Nations) [16]
[edit] Native population
Cape Cod has been the home of the Wampanoag tribe of Native American people for many centuries. They survived off the sea and were accomplished farmers. They understood the principles of sustainable forest management, and were known to light controlled fires to keep the underbrush in check. They helped the Pilgrims, who arrived in the fall of 1620, survive at their new Plymouth Colony. At the time, the dominant group was the Kakopee, known for their abilities at fishing. They were the first Native Americans to use large casting nets. Early colonial settlers recorded that the Kakopee numbered nearly 7,000.
Shortly after the Pilgrims arrived, the chief of the Kakopee, Mogauhok, attempted to make a treaty limiting colonial settlements. The effort failed after he succumbed to smallpox in 1625. Infectious diseases such as smallpox, measles and influenza caused the deaths of many other Kakopee and Wampanoag. They had no natural immunity to Eurasian diseases by then endemic among the English and other Europeans. Today, the only reminder of the Kakopee is a small public recreation area in Barnstable named for them. A historic marker notes the burial site of Mogauhok near Truro, although the location is conjecture.
While contractors were digging test wells in the eastern Massachusetts Military Reservation area, they discovered an archeological find.[citation needed] Excavation revealed the remains of a Kakopee village in Forestdale, a location in Sandwich. Researchers found a totem with a painted image of Mogauhok, portrayed in his chief's cape and brooch. The totem was discovered on property on Grand Oak Road. It is the first evidence other than colonial accounts of his role as an important Kakopee leader.
The Indians lost their lands through continued purchase and expropriation by the English colonists. The documentary Natives of the Narrowland (1993), narrated by actress Julie Harris, shows the history of the Wampanoag people through Cape Cod archaeological sites.
In 1974, the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Council was formed to articulate the concerns of those with Native American ancestry. They petitioned the federal government in 1975 and again in 1990 for official recognition of the Mashpee Wampanoag as a tribe. In May 2007, the Wampanoag tribe was finally federally recognized as a tribe.[17]
[edit] History
Cranberry picking in 1906
Cape Cod was a landmark for early explorers. It may have been the "Promontory of Vinland" mentioned by the Norse voyagers (985-1025). Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524 approached it from the south. He named Martha's Vineyard Claudia, after the mother of the King of France.[18] The next year the explorer Esteban Gómez called it Cape St. James.
In 1602 Bartholomew Gosnold named it Cape Cod, the surviving term and the ninth oldest English place-name in the U.S.[19] Samuel de Champlain charted its sand-silted harbors in 1606 and Henry Hudson landed there in 1609. Captain John Smith noted it on his map of 1614 and at last the Pilgrims entered the "Cape Harbor" and – contrary to the popular myth of Plymouth Rock – made their first landing near present-day Provincetown on November 11, 1620. Nearby, in what is now Eastham, they had their first encounter with Native Americans.
Cape Cod was among the first places settled by the English in North America. Aside from Barnstable (1639), Sandwich (1637) and Yarmouth (1639), the Cape's fifteen towns developed slowly. The final town to be established on the Cape was Bourne in 1884.[20] Provincetown was a group of huts until the 18th century. A channel from Massachusetts Bay to Buzzards Bay is shown on Southack's map of 1717. The present Cape Cod Canal was slowly developed from 1870 to 1914. The Federal government purchased it in 1928.
Thanks to early colonial settlement and intensive land use, by the time Henry Thoreau saw Cape Cod during his four visits over 1849 to 1857[21], its vegetation was depauperate and trees were scarce. As the settlers heated by fires, and it took 10 to 20 cords (40 to 80 m³) of wood to heat a home, they cleared most of Cape Cod of timber early on. They planted familiar crops, but these were unsuited to Cape Cod's thin, glacially derived soils. For instance, much of Eastham was planted to wheat. The settlers practiced burning of woodlands to release nutrients into the soil. Improper and intensive farming led to erosion and the loss of topsoil. Farmers grazed their cattle on the grassy dunes of coastal Massachusetts, only to watch "in horror as the denuded sands `walked' over richer lands, burying cultivated fields and fences." Dunes on the outer Cape became more common and many harbors filled in with eroded soils.[22]
By 1800, most of Cape Cod's firewood had to be transported by boat from Maine. The paucity of vegetation was worsened by the raising of merino sheep that reached its peak in New England around 1840. The early industrial revolution, which occurred through much of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, mostly bypassed Cape Cod due to a lack of significant water power in the area. As a result, and also because of its geographic position, the Cape developed as a large fishing and whaling center. After 1860 and the opening of the American West, farmers abandoned agriculture on the Cape. By 1950 forests had recovered to an extent not seen since the 18th century.
Cape Cod became a summer haven for city dwellers beginning at the end of the 19th century. Improved rail transportation made the towns of the Upper Cape, such as Bourne and Falmouth, accessible to Bostonians. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Northeastern mercantile elite built many large, shingled "cottages" along Buzzards Bay. The relaxed summer environment offered by Cape Cod was highlighted by writers including Joseph C. Lincoln, who published novels and countless short stories about Cape Cod folks in popular magazines such as the Saturday Evening Post and the Delineator.
Guglielmo Marconi made the first transatlantic wireless transmission originating in the United States from Cape Cod, at Wellfleet. The beach from which he transmitted has since been called Marconi Beach. In 1914 he opened the maritime wireless station WCC in Chatham. It supported the communications of Amelia Earhart, Howard Hughes, Admiral Byrd, and the Hindenburg. Marconi chose Chatham due to its vantage point on the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded on three sides by water. Walter Cronkite narrated a 17-minute documentary in 2005 about the history of the Chatham Station.
Much of the East-facing Atlantic seacoast of Cape Cod consists of wide, sandy beaches. In 1961, a significant portion of this coastline, already slated for housing subdivisions, was made a part of the Cape Cod National Seashore by President John F. Kennedy. It was protected from private development and preserved for public use. Large portions are open to the public, including the Marconi Site in Wellfleet. This is a park encompassing the site of the first two-way transoceanic radio transmission from the United States. (Theodore Roosevelt used Marconi's equipment for this transmission).
The Kennedy Compound in Hyannisport was President Kennedy's summer White House during his presidency. The Kennedy family continues to maintain residences on the compound. Other notable residents of Cape Cod have included actress Julie Harris, US Supreme Court justice Louis Brandeis, figure skater Todd Eldredge, and novelists Norman Mailer and Kurt Vonnegut. Influential natives included the patriot James Otis, historian and writer Mercy Otis Warren, jurist Lemuel Shaw, and naval officer John Percival.
[edit] Lighthouses of Cape Cod
Race Point Lighthouse in Provincetown (1876)
Lighthouses, from ancient times, have fascinated members of the human race. There is something about a lighted beacon that suggests hope and trust and appeals to the better instincts of mankind.
“
”
Edward Rowe Snow
Due to its dangerous constantly moving shoals, Cape Cod's shores have featured beacons which warn ships of the danger since very early in its history. There are numerous working lighthouses on Cape Cod and the Islands, including Highland Light, Nauset Light, Chatham Light, Race Point Light, and Nobska Light, mostly operated by the U.S. Coast Guard. The exception is Nauset Light, which was decommissioned in 1996 and is now maintained by the Nauset Light Preservation Society under the auspices of Cape Cod National Seashore. These lighthouses are frequently photographed symbols of Cape Cod.
Others include:
Upper Cape: Wings Neck
Mid Cape: Sandy Neck, South Hyannis, Lewis Bay, Bishop and Clerks, Bass River
Lower Cape: Wood End, Long Point, Monomoy, Stage Harbor, Pamet, Mayo Beach, Billingsgate, Three Sisters, Nauset, Highland
[edit] Transportation
Cape Cod is connected to the mainland by a pair of canal-spanning highway bridges from Bourne and Sagamore that were constructed in the 1930s, and a vertical-lift railroad bridge. The limited number of access points to the peninsula can result in large traffic backups during the tourist season.
The entire Cape is roughly bisected lengthwise by U.S. Route 6, locally known as the Mid-Cape Highway and officially as the Grand Army of the Republic Highway.
Commercial air service to Cape Cod operates out of Barnstable Municipal Airport and Provincetown Municipal Airport. Several bus lines service the Cape. There are ferry connections from Boston to Provincetown, as well as from Hyannis and Woods Hole to the islands.
Cape Cod has a public transportation network comprising buses operated by three different companies, a rail line, taxis and paratransit services.
The Bourne Bridge over the Cape Cod Canal, with the Cape Cod Canal Railroad Bridge in the background
[edit] Bus
Cape Cod Regional Transit Authority operates a year-round public bus system comprising three long distance routes and a local bus in Hyannis and Barnstable Village. From mid June until October, additional local routes are added in Falmouth and Provincetown. CCRTA also operates Barnstable County's ADA required paratransit (dial-a-ride) service, under the name "B-Bus."
Long distance bus service is available through Plymouth and Brockton Street Railway, with regular service to Boston and Logan Airport, as well as less frequent service to Provincetown. Peter Pan Bus Lines also runs long distance service to Providence T.F. Green Airport and New York City.
[edit] Rail
Regular passenger rail service through Cape Cod ended in 1959, quite possibly on June 30 of that year. In 1978, the tracks east of South Dennis were abandoned and replaced with the very popular bicycle path, known as the Cape Cod Rail Trail. Another bike path, the Shining Sea Bikeway, was built over tracks between Woods Hole and Falmouth in 1975; construction to extend this path to North Falmouth over 6.3 miles (10.1 km) of inactive rail bed began in April 2008[23] and ended in early 2009. Active freight service remains in the Upper Cape area in Sandwich and in Bourne, largely due to a trash transfer station located at Massachusetts Military Reservation along the Bourne-Falmouth rail line. In 1986, Amtrak ran a seasonal service in the summer from New York City to Hyannis called the Cape Codder. From 1988, Amtrak and the Massachusetts Department of Transportation increased service to a daily frequency.[24] Since its demise in 1996, there have been periodic discussions about reinstating passenger rail service from Boston to reduce car traffic to and from the Cape, with officials in Bourne seeking to re-extend MBTA Commuter Rail service from Middleboro to Buzzards Bay[25], despite a reluctant Beacon Hill legislature.
Cape Cod Central Railroad operates passenger train service on Cape Cod. The service is primarily tourist oriented and includes a dinner train. The scenic route between Downtown Hyannis and the Cape Cod Canal is about 2½ hours round trip. Massachusetts Coastal Railroad is also planning to return passenger railroad services eventually to the Bourne-Falmouth rail line in the future. An August 5, 2009 article on the New England Cable News channel, entitled South Coast rail project a priority for Mass. lawmakers, mentions a $1.4-billion railroad reconstruction plan by Governor Deval Patrick, and could mean rebuilding of old rail lines on the Cape. On November 21, 2009, the town of Falmouth saw its first passenger train in 12 years, a set of dinner train cars from Cape Cod Central. And a trip from the Mass Bay Railroad Enthusiasts on May 15, 2010 revealed a second trip along the Falmouth line.
[edit] Taxi
Taxicabs are plentiful, with several different companies operating out of different parts of the Cape. Except at the airport and some bus terminals with taxi stands, cabs must be booked ahead of time, with most operators preferring two to three hours notice. Cabs cannot be "hailed" anywhere in Barnstable County, this was outlawed in the early nineties after several robbery attempts on drivers.
Most companies utilize a New York City-style taximeter and charge based on distance plus an initial fee of $2 to $3. In Provincetown, cabs charge a flat fare per person anywhere in the town.
[edit] Tourism
Hyannis Harbor on Nantucket Sound
Although Cape Cod has a year-round population of about 230,000, it experiences a tourist season each summer, the beginning and end of which can be roughly approximated as Memorial Day and Labor Day, respectively. Many businesses are specifically targeted to summer visitors, and close during the eight to nine months of the "off season" (although the "on season" has been expanding somewhat in recent years due to Indian Summer, reduced lodging rates, and the number of people visiting the Cape after Labor Day who either have no school-age children, and the elderly, reducing the true "off season" to six or seven months). In the late 20th century, tourists and owners of second homes began visiting the Cape more and more in the spring and fall, softening the definition of the high season and expanding it somewhat (see above). Some particularly well-known Cape products and industries include cranberries, shellfish (particularly oysters and clams) and lobstering.
Provincetown, at the tip of Cape Cod, also berths several whale watching fleets who patrol the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Most fleets guarantee a whale sighting (mostly humpback whale, fin whale, minke whale, sei whale, and critically endangered, the North Atlantic Right Whale), and one is the only federally certified operation qualified to rescue whales. Provincetown has also long been known as an art colony, attracting writers and artists. The town is home to the Cape's most attended art museum, the Provincetown Art Association and Museum. Many hotels and resorts are friendly to or cater to gay and lesbian tourists and it is known as a gay mecca in the summer.[26]
Cape Cod is a popular destination for beachgoers from all over. With 559.6 miles (900.6 km) of coastline, beaches, both public and private, are easily accessible. The Cape has upwards of sixty public beaches, many of which offer parking for non-residents for a daily fee (in summer). The Cape Cod National Seashore has 40 miles (64 km) of sandy beach and many walking paths.
Cape Cod is also popular for its outdoor activities like beach walking, biking, boating, fishing, go-karts, golfing, kayaking, miniature golf, and unique shopping. There are 27 public, daily-fee golf courses and 15 private courses on Cape Cod.[27] Bed and breakfasts or vacation houses are often used for lodging.
Each summer the Naukabout Music Festival is held at the Barnstable County Fair Grounds located in East Falmouth,(typically) during the first weekend of August. This Music festival features local, regional and national talent along with food, arts and family friendly activities.
[edit] Sport fishing
Cape Cod is known around the world as a spring-to-fall destination for sport anglers. Among the species most widely pursued are striped bass, bluefish, bluefin tuna, false albacore (little tunny), bonito, tautog, flounder and fluke. The Cape Cod Bay side of the Cape, from Sandwich to Provincetown, has several harbors, saltwater creeks, and shoals that hold bait fish and attract the larger game fish, such as striped bass, bluefish and bluefin tuna.
The outer edge of the Cape, from Provincetown to Falmouth, faces the open Atlantic from Provincetown to Chatham, and then the more protected water of Nantucket and Vineyard Sounds, from Chatham to Falmouth. The bays, harbors and shoals along this coastline also provide a robust habitat for game species, and during the late summer months warm-water species such as mahi-mahi and marlin will also appear on the southern edge of Cape Cod's waters. Nearly every harbor on Cape Cod hosts sport fishing charter boats, which run from May through October.[28]
[edit] Sports
The Cape has nine amateur baseball franchises playing within Barnstable County in the Cape Cod Baseball League. The Wareham Gatemen also play in the Cape Cod Baseball League in nearby Wareham, Massachusetts in Plymouth County. The league originated 1923, although intertown competition traces to 1866. Teams in the league are the Bourne Braves, Brewster Whitecaps, Chatham Anglers (formerly the Chatham Athletics), Cotuit Kettleers, Falmouth Commodores, Harwich Mariners, Hyannis Harbor Hawks (formerly the Hyannis Mets), Orleans Firebirds (formerly the Orleans Cardinals), Wareham Gatemen and the Yarmouth-Dennis Red Sox. Pro ball scouts frequent the games in the summer, looking for stars of the future.
Cape Cod is also a national hot bed for baseball and hockey. Along with the Cape Cod Baseball League and the new Junior Hockey League team, the Cape Cod Cubs, many high school players are being seriously recruited as well. Barnstable and Harwich have each sent multiple players to Division 1 colleges for baseball, Harwich has also won three State titles in the past 12 years (1996, 2006, 2007). Bourne and Sandwich, known rivals in hockey have won state championships recently. Bourne in 2004, and Sandwich in 2007. Nauset, Barnstable, and Martha's Vineyard are also state hockey powerhouses. Barnstable and Falmouth also hold the title of having one of the longest Thanksgiving football rivalries in the country. The teams have played each other every year on the Thanksgiving since 1895. The Bourne and Barnstable girl's volleyball teams are two of the best teams in the state and Barnstable in the country. With Bourne winning the State title in 2003 and 2007. In the past 15 years, Barnstable has won 12 Division 1 State titles and has won the state title the past two years.
The Cape also is home to the Cape Cod Frenzy, a team in the American Basketball Association.
Soccer on Cape Cod is represented by the Cape Cod Crusaders, playing in the USL Premier Development League (PDL) soccer based in Hyannis. In addition, a summer Cape Cod Adult Soccer League (CCASL) is active in several towns on the Cape.
Cape Cod is also the home of the Cape Cod Cubs, a new junior league hockey team that is based out of Hyannis at the new communtiy center being built of Bearses Way.
The end of each summer is marked with the running of the world famous Falmouth Road Race which is held on the 3rd Saturday in August. It draws about 10,000 runners to the Cape and showcases the finest runners in the world (mainly for the large purse that the race is able to offer). The race is 7.2 miles (11.6 km) long, which is a non-standard distance. The reason for the unusual distance is that the man who thought the race up (Tommy Leonard) was a bartender who wanted a race along the coast from one bar (The Cap'n Kidd in Woods Hole) to another (The Brothers Four in Falmouth Heights). While the bar in Falmouth Heights is no longer there, the race still starts at the front door of the Cap'n Kidd in Woods Hole and now finishes at the beach in Falmouth Heights. Prior to the Falmouth race is an annual 5-mile (8.0 km) race through Brewster called the Brew Run, held early in August.
[edit] Education
Each town usually consists of a few elementary schools, one or two middle schools and one large public high school that services the entire town. Exceptions to this include Dennis-Yarmouth Regional High School located in Yarmouth which services both the town of Yarmouth as well as Dennis and Nauset Regional High School located in Eastham which services the town of Brewster, Orleans, Eastham, Wellfleet, Truro, and Provincetown (optional). Bourne High School is the public school for students residing in the town of Bourne, which is gathered from villages in Bourne, including Sagamore, Sagamore Beach, and Buzzards Bay. Barnstable High School is the largest high school and is known for its girls' volleyball team which have been state champions a total of 12 times. Barnstable High School also boasts one of the country's best high school drama clubs which were awarded with a contract by Warner Brothers to created a documentary in webisode format based on their production of Wizard of Oz. Sturgis Charter Public School is a public school in Hyannis which was featured in Newsweek's Magazine's "Best High Schools" ranking. It ranked 28th in the country and 1st in the state of Massachusetts in the 2009 edition and ranked 43rd and 55th in the 2008 and 2007 edition, respectively. Sturgis offers the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme in their junior and senior year and is open to students as far as Plymouth. The Cape also contains two vocational high schools. One is the Cape Cod Regional Technical High School in Harwich and the other is Upper Cape Cod Regional Technical High School located in Bourne. Lastly, Mashpee High School is home to the Mashpee Chapter of (SMPTE,) the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. This chapter is the first and only high school chapter in the world to be a part of this organization and has received much recognition within the Los Angeles broadcasting industry as a result. The officers of this group who have made history are listed below:
* President: Ryan D. Stanley '11
* Vice-President Kenneth J. Peters '13
* Treasurer Eric N. Bergquist '11
* Secretary Andrew L. Medlar '11
In addition to public schools, Cape Cod has a wide range of private schools. The town of Barnstable has Trinity Christian Academy, Cape Cod Academy, St. Francis Xavier Preparatory School, and Pope John Paul II High School. Bourne offers the Waldorf School of Cape Cod, Orleans offers the Lighthouse Charter School for elementary and middle school students, and Falmouth offers Falmouth Academy. Riverview School is located in East Sandwich and is a special co-ed boarding school which services students as old as 22 who have learning disabilities. Another specialized school is the Penikese Island School located on Penikese Island, part of the Elizabeth Islands off southwestern Cape Cod, which services struggling and troubled teenage boys.
Cape Cod also contains two institutions of higher education. One is the Cape Cod Community College located in West Barnstable, Barnstable. The other is Massachusetts Maritime Academy in Buzzards Bay, Bourne. Massachusetts Maritime Academy is the oldest continuously operating maritime college in the United States.
[edit] Islands off Cape Cod
Like Cape Cod itself, the islands south of the Cape have evolved from whaling and trading areas to resort destinations, attracting wealthy families, celebrities, and other tourists. The islands include Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, as well as Forbes family-owned Naushon Island, which was purchased by John Murray Forbes with profits from opium dealing in the China trade during the Opium War. Naushon is one of the Elizabeth Islands, many of which are privately owned. One of the publicly accessible Elizabeths is the southernmost island in the chain, Cuttyhunk, with a year-round population of 52 people. Several prominent families have established compounds or estates on the larger islands, making these islands some of the wealthiest resorts in the Northeast, yet they retain much of the early merchant trading and whaling culture.
When the time came to replace aging wigwags at railway crossings, the Canadian Pacific Railway favored using the Griswold (or EM) Pedestal style grade crossing gate mechanism. The unique style and counterweights offered for an unmistakable and iconic look. Safetran also offered a near identical Pedestal EM mechanism. The vast majority of these vintage crossing mechanisms have since been replaced by modern equipment, however a few crossings here and there still sport these classic warning devices. Notably, Operation Lifesaver used the silhouette of a Griswold crossing gate mechanism in its original logo. In this photo, Ottawa Valley Rail Link 431 is seen heading westbound towards Sudbury through Sturgeon Falls at Coursol Road.
July 17, 2024.
The pilgrimage church in Steinhausen, Biberach district, is one of the most important baroque churches in Germany.
Dominikus Zimmermann is both a master builder and plasterer, along with his brother, Johann Baptist Zimmermann, who is a fresco painter.
Both of them created a spatial work of art that is unparalleled.
In 1727, Abbot Didaktus Ströbele from Schussenried Monastery discussed the building plans with Dominikus Zimmermann for the first time. At the time, Zimmermann was busy building and furnishing the nearby monastery church in Siessen.
They reached an agreement and construction of the pilgrimage church began in 1728. It was consecrated in 1733. The church was submitted and approved with construction costs of 9,000 guilders. In the end, however, the new building cost 50,000 guilders. The shock of the immense construction costs was initially deep, but the monastery's financial situation was not affected by this. A pilgrimage also brings in Mammon.
Dominikus's high altar design was not carried out because it was considered too expensive. The idea was to have an altar based on the model of the monastery church in Rohr. At first altars by Gabriel Weiss were put up, but these were dismantled in 1750 and replaced by works by Joachim Früholz. The high altar painting was by Franz Martin Kuen.
The Stoosbahn replaced the older cable car in 2018.
It has been completely new built. The passenger cabins have a barrel form and level automatically to the horizon. So you will always stand vertical and it has not different angles as traditional cable cars have.
Additionally, the Stoosbahn is with 110 % the steepest cable car of the world.
Taken back in July of 1991, here's the dragger "Commodore IV", retired after several decades of fishing and scalloping. She appears to have been deliberately scuttled and left in place as part of a breakwater. The structure off the bow is one of several extending to the left (south, then east), offering some protection for the south-facing structures along the shore. A newer stone breakwater has replaced this improvised version, part of a two section affair that almost completely surrounds the wharf area and associated buildings.
Driving out to Cape Forchu on the Yarmouth Bar Road (Rt 304), about a half mile past the "Lost to the Sea Memorial" the road crosses a small steel bridge that spans a channel connecting Yarmouth Harbor (south), to the bay (north). I parked near the bridge and grabbed a few photos of Commodore IV, plus another derelict dragger fifty yards east of the bridge. This second boat was in worst shape than its companion, no name being visible anywhere.
Commodore IV was built at the A. F. Theriault & Son boatyard in Meteghan River in 1963, with a gross weight of 176 tons, and according to a marine industry information website... was listed in 1992 as being "out of service" (no longer operating?). Most folks looking at this photo would agree that at the time I shot this image, she was most definitely "out of service" a year earlier than listed.
This image is a copy of an Ektachrome 100 transparency shot with a Pentax 6x7. It was made using a Nikon D3500 camera, a 55mm Micro-Nikkor lens, with a Nikon 4T close-up lens, and a Sigma 1.6x close-up lens mounted on the 4T.
DSC-0860R
The end is nigh for Denmark's last remaining Lynette type DMUs, which will be replaced with battery-powered trains of Siemens' Mireo range in the very near future. I therefore drove up to the northwest to take a photo or two of the rather aesthetically pleasing old units before they are gone. Here, Ym-Ys 16, named "Heden", is passing Hove church on its way from Vemb to Thyborøn. Hove, 28-08-2024.
Replaces the Carrion Crow in the Scottish Highlands and Islands also the Isle of Man but scare in South West Scotland.Also hybrids occur.This bird was carvorting with other Corvids on the roof of various houses in the town.
This is one of Teddy's latest favourites ;) He has tons of toys but since buying this for his Birthday earlier this year he has become rather obsessed! After a good session of play he'll flop down and rest with the Starfish still in his mouth...... he even falls asleep like it!
Oh and yes it really is like double the size of him!
Some trees and garden shrubs mark the boundaries of former residential properties in the New Brighton Red Zone, one of several areas where earthquake induced liquefaction destroyed many thousands of homes in Christchurch, New Zealand. Affected properties have been replaced with grassland that is slowly being rebirthed into community parklands.
HD PENTAX-DA 20-40mm f2.8-4 Limited.
Facts:
Overview:
Lost bascule bridge over Intracoastal Waterway on FL 704 in West Palm Beach
Location:
West Palm Beach, Palm Beach County, Florida
Status:
Replaced by a new bridge
History:
Built 1929; reconstructed 1959; replaced 2005
Design:
Bascule
Dimensions:
Length of largest span: 113.9 ft.
Total length: 1,237.9 ft.
Deck width: 27.9 ft.
Also called:
Intracoastal Waterway Bridge
Approximate latitude, longitude:
+26.70602, -80.04645 (decimal degrees)
26°42'22" N, 80°02'47" W (degrees°minutes'seconds")
Approximate UTM coordinates:
17/594853/2954229 (zone/easting/northing)
Quadrangle map:
Palm Beach
Inventory numbers:
FDOT 930505 (Florida Dept. of Transportation bridge number)
FDOT 930022 (Florida Dept. of Transportation bridge number)
BH 12466 (Bridgehunter.com ID)
Inspection: (as of 04/1998)
Deck condition rating: Satisfactory (6 out of 9)
Superstructure condition rating: Satisfactory (6 out of 9)
Substructure condition rating: Critical (2 out of 9)
Appraisal: Structurally deficient
Sufficiency rating: 15.7 (out of 100)
Average daily traffic: (as of 1996)
11,000
Credit for the data above is given to the following website:
To replace my old Movado that was stolen last week, I bought this one today. It's the "Movado SE Extreme". It's a rather larger face - 48mm - with a larger bracelet. I really like it. I was looking at two different watches, this one and the "Cartier Rondo Solo." I think I made the right choice. This large watch looks great on my wrist.
Not seen here is the back plate; it's a "skeleton" style with tourbillion (Literally: "whirlwind") mechanism to compensate for the effects of gravity.
Der Merseburger Dom St. Johannes und St. Laurentius ist eine evangelische Kirche und eines der herausragenden Baudenkmäler der an der Straße der Romanik gelegenen einstigen Pfalz- und Bischofsstadt Merseburg. Jahrhundertelang, von 968 bis 981 und von 1004 bis 1561, war er Zentrum des Bistums Merseburg sowie des gleichnamigen Hochstifts. Daher besitzt der viertürmige Dom, der den vierten Flügel von Schloss Merseburg bildet, eine reichhaltige Ausstattung. Sein Bau wurde 1015 begonnen. Allerdings stammen nur die Krypta, die runden Chorbegleittürme, die Fundamente der Westtürme sowie die unteren Teile des Querhauses einschließlich der beiden Apsiden aus der ursprünglichen romanischen Bauphase. Der größte Teil des Doms wurde hingegen im gotischen Stil umgebaut. Hier findet man viele Besonderheiten. Darunter die älteste Bronzegrabplatte Mitteleuropas, an Rudolf von Rheinfelden (auch Rudolf von Schwaben) erinnernd, den 1080 bei Hohenmölsen gefallenen Gegenkönig gegen König Heinrich IV.. Die bemerkenswerten Glasmalereien aus dem 13. Jahrhundert gingen verloren und wurden Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts durch neue ersetzt. Der Künstler Charles Crodel knüpfte jedoch an die mittelalterliche Bildsprache an. Das romanische Kruzifix und ein Taufstein aus dem 12. Jahrhundert sind erhalten. In der „Schatzkammer“ auf der Südseite des Kreuzgangs werden herausragende Stücke aus dem Domschatz ausgestellt. Die romantisch gestimmte Ladegast-Orgel aus den 1850er-Jahren gehört zu den größten Orgeln Deutschlands. Im Domstiftsarchiv liegen die berühmten Merseburger Zaubersprüche. Ein originalgetreues Faksimile kann im sogenannten „Zauberspruchgewölbe“ des Doms besichtigt werden.
Verschiedene Quellen, vor allem de.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Merseburg
Merseburg Cathedral of St John and St Laurentius is a Protestant church and one of the outstanding architectural monuments of the former palatine and episcopal town of Merseburg, located on the Romanesque Road. For centuries, from 968 to 981 and from 1004 to 1561, it was the centre of the diocese of Merseburg and the high monastery of the same name. The four-towered cathedral, which forms the fourth wing of Merseburg Castle, is therefore richly decorated. Its construction was begun in 1015. However, only the crypt, the round choir towers, the foundations of the west towers and the lower parts of the transept, including the two apses, date from the original Romanesque construction phase. Most of the cathedral, however, was rebuilt in the Gothic style. There are many special features here. These include the oldest bronze burial slab in Central Europe, commemorating Rudolf of Rheinfelden (also known as Rudolf of Swabia), the counter-king who fell against King Henry IV at Hohenmölsen in 1080. The remarkable stained glass windows from the 13th century were lost and replaced by new ones in the mid-20th century. However, the artist Charles Crodel continued the medieval imagery. The Romanesque crucifix and a baptismal font from the 12th century have been preserved. In the "treasure chamber" on the south side of the cloister, outstanding pieces from the cathedral treasury are on display. The romantically tuned Ladegast organ from the 1850s is one of the largest organs in Germany. The famous Merseburg spells are kept in the cathedral archives. A facsimile true to the original can be viewed in the so-called "spell vault" of the cathedral.
Various sources, especially de.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Merseburg
Replacing 60163 'Tornado', WCRC 37706 slows into Peterborough with 1Z52, returning the Steam Dreams Cathedrals Express back to London
Replaced after a few alterations.
Having spent as cold a bivouac as I can remember, a series of warming up exercises were necessary in order not to become totally ineffective at operating a camera. Star jumps, press ups, shadow boxing & other random rapid movements restored blood flow & saw off any pesky sheep intent on 'photo-bombing' Angle Tarn. Even the ravens were eyeing me suspiciously.
The 1991 season marked the introduction of the FIA’s new, and controversial, 3.5 Litre Formula which replaced the highly successful Group C category that had been used in the World Sports Car Championship since 1982. However, due to a small number of entries in the new 3.5 litre formula heavily penalised Group C cars were allowed participate in the newly created C2 category for the 1991 season but Jaguar participated in the new formula.
To comply with the new regulations Jaguar produced an all-new car, the XJR-14. It was designed by Ross Brawn and John Piper, and was built by Tom Walkinshaw Racing (TWR).[1] In the past, TWR's Jaguars had been designed under the direction of Tony Southgate, while Brawn worked with a large design staff (12 according to John Piper); a paradigm shift (albeit small) in its own right and reflective of Brawn's Formula One background.
The abandonment of the Group C fuel consumption regulations meant a change in aerodynamic design philosophy. Coupled that with vastly different packaging requirements for a small, light, normally aspirated engine meant that concerns over drag became a secondary requirement to downforce. The new design, lower kerb weight of 750 kg (1,653 lb) and higher downforce levels meant that the XJR-14 was a lot faster in corners compared to the previous Group C front runners.
.
Which of course, makes me smile.
Last week I had received the Fuji X100F, which replaces my beloved X100 classic.
I had gone around the house trying it out.
The theme this week for Smile on Saturday is backlit close-up, and this seems to fit the bill.
That the doorway beckons makes me smile.
The contrejour light makes me smile.
The quality of the X100F makes me smile.
Manufacturer: Dodge, Division of Chrysler Group LLC, Auburn Hills, Michigan, U.S.A.
Type: Challenger V8 Series JH Model JH23 2-door Hardtop Coupé
Production time: September 1972 - September 1974
Production outlet: 29,284
Engine: 5898cc Chrysler LA-series V-8 360
Power: 248 bhp / 4.800 rpm
Torque: 434 Nm / 3.200 rpm
Drivetrain: rear wheels
Speed: 203 km/h
Curb weight: 1610 kg
Wheelbase: 110 inch
Chassis: Chrysler E-platform with self-supporting unibody
Steering: recirculating ball and nut
Gearbox: three-speed manual / all synchronized / floor shift
Clutch: 10.5 inch singel dry plate disc
Carburettor: Carter 4-barrel downdraft / Holley dual downdraft
Fuel tank: 68 liter
Electric system: 12 Volts
Ignition system: electronic
Brakes front: hydraulic powered 10.98 inch discs
Brakes rear: hydraulic powered 10 inch self-adjusting drums
Suspension front: independent upper trapezoidal wishbones (A-arm, control arm) with shock mounted tension strut, Trail Link, sway bar, along lying torsion bar + telescopic shock absorbers
Suspension rear: independent sway bar, semi-elliptic leaf springs + telescopic shock absorbers
Rear axle: live semi-floating type
Differential: hypoid
Wheels: 14 inch
Tires: F70 x 14
Options: Chrysler TorqueFlite three-speed automatic transmission, four-speed manual gearbox, a 318 CID (5210cc) V-8 engine, 360 V-8 Axle Performance Package, power steering, power brakes, power windows, Air Conditioning, rear window defogger, shaker hood scoop (standard on Rallye models), radio, sun-roof, leather seats, two-tone colouring
Special:
- This first generation 2-door Coupé body Pony Car (1969-1974) was designed by Carl Cameron, built on the Chrysler E-platform (like the Plymouth Barracuda) and assembled in Hamtramck (Michigan) and in Los Angeles (California).
- Everything changed at Dodge (and all car manufacturers) when the 1973 oil crisis hit the United States. The government passed legislation (1972) requiring engines to have the ability to run on low lead or no lead gasoline. Government safety and emission regulations, and increasing insurance premiums meant the horsepower rating and size for all manufacturers was on the decline.
- Engine power was now rated in SAE net horsepower, meaning theoretical horsepower with all accessories in place.
- So this 2+2-seater fixed-head Hardtop Coupé was for now the last series Challenger, only available with two detuned V-8 engines.
- Dodge re-used the Challenger name again for its second generation Challenger from 1978 until 1983.
- They were available as this Hardtop Coupé and as 2-door Rallye Hardtop Coupé (replaced the R/T series in 1972) with a faux brake vent on the fenders and a shaker hood scoop (1972-1974: 16,437 units built).
-[ K is for Knives, Utility ]-
Two styles of utility knives and the standardized blades they use.
The top one is a common retractable blade style, the exact model (Stanley 99E) as pictured in the Wikipedia page. The original patent (long since expired) for this particular model was applied for in 1961 and granted in 1963, to give an idea of how long the basic tool has been around. The black object to the left is a dispenser holding more blades than I will ever use for the foreseeable future.
The bottom one is a plastic-handled snap-off blade knife. using an 18mm (about ¾") eight-point segmented blade. The blade itself is based on a concept from Japan dating back to 1956. A smaller version of this knife style uses a 9mm (about ⅜") 13-point blade.
Sadly, I just learned that the Yaquina Bay Bridge is scheduled to be replaced in the next 10 years as it is succumbing to 80+ years of storms and traffic. Newport, Oregon USA
2024 the days of DB class 101 on Austrian Schoberpass are over (good). The EC216 "Dachstein" has now a Taurus on front and rear end. Here we see 1116 184 with the train, passing Baerndof. On the rear end is 1016 044.
The old screen -- all scratched up because I'm a careless idiot.
More in depth, how to replace the screen protector:
On Aug 19, I replaced the original photo with the one I originally intended to post. Full disclosure.
Off to the University of Illinois in Champaign/Urbana tomorrow for the State Science Olympiad competition. I'm the official chaperone for 30 High School and Jr High kids.......who da thunk it. When I was in High School I was the chaperone's nightmare. At least I'll be one step ahead of 'em, I hope........
Bottom line; I'll have more interesting photos this weekend!
Der Merseburger Dom St. Johannes und St. Laurentius ist eine evangelische Kirche und eines der herausragenden Baudenkmäler der an der Straße der Romanik gelegenen einstigen Pfalz- und Bischofsstadt Merseburg. Jahrhundertelang, von 968 bis 981 und von 1004 bis 1561, war er Zentrum des Bistums Merseburg sowie des gleichnamigen Hochstifts. Daher besitzt der viertürmige Dom, der den vierten Flügel von Schloss Merseburg bildet, eine reichhaltige Ausstattung. Sein Bau wurde 1015 begonnen. Allerdings stammen nur die Krypta, die runden Chorbegleittürme, die Fundamente der Westtürme sowie die unteren Teile des Querhauses einschließlich der beiden Apsiden aus der ursprünglichen romanischen Bauphase. Der größte Teil des Doms wurde hingegen im gotischen Stil umgebaut. Hier findet man viele Besonderheiten. Darunter die älteste Bronzegrabplatte Mitteleuropas, an Rudolf von Rheinfelden (auch Rudolf von Schwaben) erinnernd, den 1080 bei Hohenmölsen gefallenen Gegenkönig gegen König Heinrich IV.. Die bemerkenswerten Glasmalereien aus dem 13. Jahrhundert gingen verloren und wurden Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts durch neue ersetzt. Der Künstler Charles Crodel knüpfte jedoch an die mittelalterliche Bildsprache an. Das romanische Kruzifix und ein Taufstein aus dem 12. Jahrhundert sind erhalten. In der „Schatzkammer“ auf der Südseite des Kreuzgangs werden herausragende Stücke aus dem Domschatz ausgestellt. Die romantisch gestimmte Ladegast-Orgel aus den 1850er-Jahren gehört zu den größten Orgeln Deutschlands. Im Domstiftsarchiv liegen die berühmten Merseburger Zaubersprüche. Ein originalgetreues Faksimile kann im sogenannten „Zauberspruchgewölbe“ des Doms besichtigt werden.
Verschiedene Quellen, vor allem de.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Merseburg
Merseburg Cathedral of St John and St Laurentius is a Protestant church and one of the outstanding architectural monuments of the former palatine and episcopal town of Merseburg, located on the Romanesque Road. For centuries, from 968 to 981 and from 1004 to 1561, it was the centre of the diocese of Merseburg and the high monastery of the same name. The four-towered cathedral, which forms the fourth wing of Merseburg Castle, is therefore richly decorated. Its construction was begun in 1015. However, only the crypt, the round choir towers, the foundations of the west towers and the lower parts of the transept, including the two apses, date from the original Romanesque construction phase. Most of the cathedral, however, was rebuilt in the Gothic style. There are many special features here. These include the oldest bronze burial slab in Central Europe, commemorating Rudolf of Rheinfelden (also known as Rudolf of Swabia), the counter-king who fell against King Henry IV at Hohenmölsen in 1080. The remarkable stained glass windows from the 13th century were lost and replaced by new ones in the mid-20th century. However, the artist Charles Crodel continued the medieval imagery. The Romanesque crucifix and a baptismal font from the 12th century have been preserved. In the "treasure chamber" on the south side of the cloister, outstanding pieces from the cathedral treasury are on display. The romantically tuned Ladegast organ from the 1850s is one of the largest organs in Germany. The famous Merseburg spells are kept in the cathedral archives. A facsimile true to the original can be viewed in the so-called "spell vault" of the cathedral.
Various sources, especially de.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Merseburg
May 7, 2016 - Hwy 385 Northbound / North of Wray Colorado
Prints Available...Click Here
All Images are also available for...
stock photography & non exclusive licensing...
Watch the Video from this day on Flickr Click Here
I was seriously late the game on this storm. But I was never out of the game. I had missed a few of the other tornados that afternoon in Northern Yuma County. Coming from south to north I had to position myself correctly. Chaser Convergence was also in full swing so there were not may open areas to choose from.
For best pics of a Tornado and to be safe about it a storm such as this was moving North by Northeast... strategically, you want to be to the south east, southwest for the best light... Behind the RFD (Rear Flank Downdraft) It's all about timing, and I honestly didn't think it would produce a tornado til it was well west of my location. That was going to be the wrong guess... Though when I went due north of Wray I had a good viewing point but not in the safest location as you see.
I got lucky this day as...In my opinion, I found a perfect view, looking due south southeast. I ended up on the northwest side of the rotation. Dangerous yes...but this will eventually give me one excellent view of this tornado and all her glory.
Staying as safe as I could I wouldn't bail till it was about a mile away then I would head north again to a safer / better viewing position.
*** Editor Notes ***
Greetings Everyone, I haven't posted many new pics since last chase season and the 2020 Severe Weather Season is upon us. Looking for our first set of storms in the coming weeks and I'll be streaming live and of course some of the best storm photography one could ask for.
2020 Update...I've been revamping how I do things. One of those things is to go back and correct how I did my post processing of images. Several Years of over Colorizing over Saturation Adding color... etc. Yes I'm guilty of doing so and I have been going back and replacing thousands of images in hundreds of sets over these past few months here on Flickr my Fine Arts America Site.
The May 7, 2016 Colorado Tornado Event was by far one of my favorite chase days to date. I was able to capture the full genesis of a tornado. From birth to death. It was a quest of mine to do this in a photography medium. Epic severe weather structure, like once in a lifetime structure to capture. But post processing was a nightmare. The images came out well ... Defined but over colored over saturated etc.
Instead of replacing the images this will be a whole new set with a few hundred new images that I didn't post on the original set back in 2016. I've thought about re-editing these images for a long time and they are finally done. No Altercations what so ever. No Added Light, Color, Contrast.
I've brought them directly from RAW. Simply the way I should have done it in the first place!
*** Please NOTE and RESPECT the Copyright ***
Copyright 2016
Dale Kaminski @ NebraskaSC Photography
All Rights Reserved
This image may not be copied, reproduced, published or distributed in any medium without the expressed written permission of the copyright holder.
#ForeverChasing
#NebraskaSC
This alteration of the HAR-117 was made by the same team "Echo" that made the most popular modification of the HAR-117 - "AR-B". It was created to destroy enemy electronics using directional arc. Start pulse power is so great that virtually all the electronics of the gun fails down. Consequently, all touch panels are removed and replaced with mechanical switches and noise-resistant devices.
ALL SIZES! Comments and notes are welcome, as always :)
Also, credit to ChaosMarine, and Stirling.
**replaced the original (plastic chair version) with the version that I printed.
Another incarnation of my Great-grandparent's home.
The PL 17 replaced the Dyna Z and was presented on June 29, 1959. For model year 1961 a cabriolet was added followed by an estate version in April 1963.
Late 1963 the PL 17 range underwent a minor facelift for the 1964 model year.
Responsible for the avant garde design of the PL 17 and his predecessor Dyna Z was Louis Bionier (1898-1973) in cooperation with André Jouan.
In 1965 Citroën became full owner of Panhard. In the same year production of the PL 17 has ceased.
I came across with this old Panhard on a car park of a GB Supermarché during our trip back home. It's obviously a daily driver.
848 cc 2 cylinder air-cooled boxer engine.
840 kg.
Production Panhard PL 17: July 1959-May 1965.
Production PL 17 this version: July 1959-late 1963.
Old Belgian reg. number.
Gent (B.), Car Park Grand Bazaar, Aug. 16, 1986.
© 1986 Sander Toonen Amsterdam/Halfweg | All Rights Reserved
I replaced my original with this better composed image using a 12mm lens.
Listed in the National Archives of the Smithsonian as one of the most outstanding buildings in the U.S. known for its historic restoration, City Hall in Bay City was built between 1894 and 1897. In 1980, the building was completely restored at a cost of $3.3 million and following a fire in 2010 underwent a $5 million upgrade and rehabilitation. It is one of the finest examples of municipal architecture in the modern Romanesque style to be found in this country and exemplifies one of many outstanding preservation efforts in Bay City.
219e 12 - TAC_5456~60_HDR - lr-ps-wm
"This, my friend, is the home of all the barges on the stream ,and they call it a port. A PORT!"
"This is no port. it's a shopping mall.
The Brickell Avenue Bridge is a bascule bridge in Downtown Miami, Florida, that carries U.S. Route 1 (US 1; Brickell Avenue) over the Miami River.
The original Brickell Avenue Bridge was built in 1929 and replaced in 1995. The Brickell Avenue Bridge was widened by one additional northbound lane in 2006 to reduce the traffic bottleneck through downtown. Before this, there were three southbound but only two northbound lanes. Currently, there are three lanes in each direction as well as a pedestrian walkway on both sides. Still, the bridge causes frequent traffic delays on the busy Brickell Avenue when it opens. According to the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT), the bridge opened 4,990 times in 2010.
The statue is a 53-foot bronze monument commissioned by the Florida Department of Transportation and created by Cuban Master Sculptor Manuel Carbonell in 1995. The "Pillar of History" consists of a 36-foot high carved bas-relief column that graphically narrates the lives of the Tequesta Indians, Miami's first inhabitants, and features 158 figures. At the top stands a 17-foot bronze sculpture, "Tequesta Family" portraying a Tequesta Indian warrior aiming an arrow to the sky, looking for space in eternity, with his wife and child by his side, while the son covers his face in expectation of their extinction.
Carbonell also created four bas reliefs, measuring 4-feet by 8-feet, which were installed in niches on the bridge's supporting piers. Each relief honors Miami's early founders and pioneers - William and Mary Brickell, Henry Flagler, Marjory Stoneman Douglas, and Julia Tuttle.
Credit for the data above is given to the following website:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brickell_Avenue_Bridge
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The area that was to become West Palm Beach was settled in the late 1870s and 1880s by a few hundred settlers who called the vicinity "Lake Worth Country." These settlers were a diverse community from different parts of the United States and the world. They included founding families such at the Potters and the Lainharts, who would go on to become leading members of the business community in the fledgling city. The first white settlers in Palm Beach County lived around Lake Worth, then an enclosed freshwater lake, named for Colonel William Jenkins Worth, who had fought in the Second Seminole War in Florida in 1842. Most settlers engaged in the growing of tropical fruits and vegetables for shipment the north via Lake Worth and the Indian River. By 1890, the U.S. Census counted over 200 people settled along Lake Worth in the vicinity of what would become West Palm Beach. The area at this time also boasted a hotel, the "Cocoanut House", a church, and a post office. The city was platted by Henry Flagler as a community to house the servants working in the two grand hotels on the neighboring island of Palm Beach, across Lake Worth in 1893, coinciding with the arrival of the Florida East Coast railroad. Flagler paid two area settlers, Captain Porter and Louie Hillhouse, a combined sum of $45,000 for the original town site, stretching from Clear Lake to Lake Worth.
On November 5, 1894, 78 people met at the "Calaboose" (the first jail and police station located at Clematis St. and Poinsettia, now Dixie Hwy.) and passed the motion to incorporate the Town of West Palm Beach in what was then Dade County (now Miami-Dade County). This made West Palm Beach the first incorporated municipality in Dade County and in South Florida. The town council quickly addressed the building codes and the tents and shanties were replaced by brick, brick veneer, and stone buildings. The city grew steadily during the 1890s and the first two decades of the 20th century, most residents were engaged in the tourist industry and related services or winter vegetable market and tropical fruit trade. In 1909, Palm Beach County was formed by the Florida State Legislature and West Palm Beach became the county seat. In 1916, a new neo-classical courthouse was opened, which has been painstakingly restored back to its original condition, and is now used as the local history museum.
The city grew rapidly in the 1920s as part of the Florida land boom. The population of West Palm Beach quadrupled from 1920 to 1927, and all kinds of businesses and public services grew along with it. Many of the city's landmark structures and preserved neighborhoods were constructed during this period. Originally, Flagler intended for his Florida East Coast Railway to have its terminus in West Palm, but after the area experienced a deep freeze, he chose to extend the railroad to Miami instead.
The land boom was already faltering when city was devastated by the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane. The Depression years of the 1930s were a quiet time for the area, which saw slight population growth and property values lower than during the 1920s. The city only recovered with the onset of World War II, which saw the construction of Palm Beach Air Force Base, which brought thousands of military personnel to the city. The base was vital to the allied war effort, as it provided an excellent training facility and had unparalleled access to North Africa for a North American city. Also during World War II, German U-Boats sank dozens of merchant ships and oil tankers just off the coast of West Palm Beach. Nearby Palm Beach was under black out conditions to minimize night visibility to German U-boats.
The 1950s saw another boom in population, partly due to the return of many soldiers and airmen who had served in the vicinity during the war. Also, the advent of air conditioning encouraged growth, as year-round living in a tropical climate became more acceptable to northerners. West Palm Beach became the one of the nation's fastest growing metropolitan areas during the 1950s; the city's borders spread west of Military Trail and south to Lake Clarke Shores. However, many of the city's residents still lived within a narrow six-block wide strip from the south to north end. The neighborhoods were strictly segregated between White and African-American populations, a legacy that the city still struggles with today. The primary shopping district remained downtown, centered around Clematis Street.
In the 1960s, Palm Beach County's first enclosed shopping mall, the Palm Beach Mall, and an indoor arena were completed. These projects led to a brief revival for the city, but in the 1970s and 1980s crime continued to be a serious issue and suburban sprawl continued to drain resources and business away from the old downtown area. By the early 1990s there were very high vacancy rates downtown, and serious levels of urban blight.
Since the 1990s, developments such as CityPlace and the preservation and renovation of 1920s architecture in the nightlife hub of Clematis Street have seen a downtown resurgence in the entertainment and shopping district. The city has also placed emphasis on neighborhood development and revitalization, in historic districts such as Northwood, Flamingo Park, and El Cid. Some neighborhoods still struggle with blight and crime, as well as lowered property values caused by the Great Recession, which hit the region particularly hard. Since the recovery, multiple new developments have been completed. The Palm Beach Mall, located at the Interstate 95/Palm Beach Lakes Boulevard interchange became abandoned as the downtown was revitalized - the very mall that initiated the original abandonment of the downtown. The mall was then redeveloped into the Palm Beach Fashion Outlets in February 2014. A station for All Aboard Florida, a high-speed passenger rail service serving Miami, Fort Lauderdale, West Palm Beach, and Orlando, is under construction as of July 2015.
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