Amazing and comfortable sex positions for pegging with a strap on dildo. This image is released under Creative Commons. Feel free to use and please credit Edwina, linking the credit through to Bedbible.com

This is my favourite position, sitting on the stairs looking out the window - do you have a favourite position!! xx

Position - Angle

 

ISO 200

1/250 @ f/4

Flash 1.1 lowest setting - direct hard light

 

(Aperture adjusted from f/5.6)

Kirsty and Emma went to a nurse convention type thing today. They brought me back informative goodies! :D

This is a single page leaflet that I scanned.

The Soyuz rocket fairing being adorned with the MetOp-C sticker. The MetOp-C satellite will form part of the Eumetsat Polar System. MetOp-C is the last in the current series of MetOp satellites, following on from MetOp-A and MetOp-B, which were launched in 2006 and 2012, respectively. Launching the satellites sequentially ensures continuous observations of a host of atmospheric variables such as temperature, humidity, trace gases, ozone, and wind speed over the ocean. These data are used mainly for numerical weather prediction – the basis for weather forecasting. The satellites have all been developed by ESA under a cooperation agreement for the space segment of the Eumetsat Polar System. This system is Europe’s contribution to a multi-satellite system shared with the US NOAA agency.

 

Credits: ESA/CNES/Arianespace

il Qatargate può favorire Di Maio come inviato Ue nel Golfo

Bloemendaal beach, The Netherlands.

Smartphone photography

 

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Unexpected memories - Volume 3

 

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United States Coast to Coast

 

Fabrizio Zago

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1990s

USA

T-Gear designed this post to bend forward to allow a rider using a bicycle with a traditional frame geometry to move into a more forward and more aero position when used in conjunction with aero bars.

the golden gate bridge and fort baker - golden gate national recreation area, marin county, california.

 

7 stitched images

A View Around The No.2 End Drivers Seat Of Network Rails 97302 While Stabled In Bescot Yard.

Saturday 18th April 2015

Plumer planned to capture Gheluvelt Plateau in four steps, with an interval of six days between each to allow time to bring forward artillery and supplies, a faster tempo of operations than that envisaged by Gough in the planning before 31 July.[Each step was to have even more limited geographical objectives, with infantry units attacking on narrower fronts in greater depth. The previous practice of attacking the first objective with two battalions and the following objectives with a battalion each, was reversed in view of the greater density of German defensive positions the further the attack penetrated. Double the medium and heavy artillery was available than that used on 31 July. The method would ensure that more infantry was on tactically advantageous ground, having had time to consolidate and regain contact with their artillery, before they received German counter-attacks. The British began a desultory bombardment on 31 August and also sought to neutralize the German batteries with gas in the days before the attack, including gas attacks on the three evenings before the assault. Aircraft were to be used for systematic air observation of German troop movements to and on the battlefield, to avoid the failures of previous battles where too few aircraft had been burdened with too many duties in bad weather.

Like the attack of 31 July, nine British divisions from four corps were to participate on a front of approximately 10,000 yards. In late August destructive fire by the heaviest artillery began on German strongpoints and counter-battery began early in September, although hampered by poor visibility.

 

Elastic defence had been rejected by the Fourth Army Chief of Staff, Major-General von Lossberg, who believed that a tactical withdrawal by trench garrisons would disoganise the counter-attacking reserves, leading to the loss of the sector concerned and danger to flanking units. Lossberg ordered the front line of sentry groups (Postengraben) to be held rigidly; British attacks would exhaust themselves and then be repulsed by local German reserves or Eingreif divisions if needed. Lossberg also judged that there was little prospect of British attacks being delayed by their need to move artillery forward and build supply routes. The British had a huge mass of artillery and the infrastructure necessary to supply it with ammunition, much of it built opposite Flandern I in the period between the attack at Messines and 31 July.

Lossberg's methods had succeeded on the front of XIX Corps in 31 July and against II Corps on the Gheluvelt Plateau on 31 July and during August, although the counter-attacks had been stopped in their turn by British artillery fire, when they reached areas where observation and communications between British infantry and artillery had been restored.[18] Ludendorff later wrote that losses in the August battles had been unexpectedly high.[32] The pause in British operations in early September helped to mislead the Germans. General von Kuhl (Chief of Staff, Army Group Crown Prince Rupprecht) doubted that the offensive had ended but by 13 September had changed his mind. Despite Kuhl urging caution, two divisions, thirteen heavy batteries and twelve field batteries of artillery, three fighter squadrons and four other air force units were transferred from the German Fourth Army.[33] In the area about to be attacked, the Fourth Army had six ground-holding divisions backed by three Eingref divisions and 750 guns.

 

Second Army

The 19th Division in IX Corps covered the southern defensive flank of the attack front against the German 9th Reserve and 207th divisions, on a 1,600 yards (1,500 m) front from the Comines canal to Groenenburg Farm on the west slope of the Bassevillebeek valley. The six attacking battalions of the 58th Brigade on the right and the 57th Brigade on the left and their supporting battalions had a difficult approach. The 58th brigade battalions had to make their way through the obstructions of Opaque Wood and Imperfect Copse and then at midnight it began to rain until 5:00 a.m.. Zero hour was decided according to the weather and the time of 5:40 a.m. was passed forward at 1:45 a.m. so all ranks had to lie quiet in the rain for more than three hours. Around dawn a heavy mist formed and at 5:40 a.m. the barrage began. On the right the short advance to the first objective (red line) was met with opposition from dug-outs south-west of Hessian Wood, Jarrocks Farm, Pioneer House and a small wood nearby. Heavy machine-gun fire was also encountered from Hollebeke Château and the railway embankment. The right battalion reached the objective on time but the two to the left had many casualties and lost touch with their flanking units and the barrage, until the pause on the red line (first objective) allowed them to reorganise, mop-up and regain touch with units which had lost direction. The third battalion on the left was still held up by Hessian Wood so a defensive flank was formed facing north.[35]

The 57th Brigade advanced to the red line with slight opposition on the right while the two battalions on the left had to cross an extremely boggy area which slowed them and stopped them from keeping up with the barrage. The delay resulted in them being caught by machine-gun fire from dug-outs near Top House while bunched up because of the heavy going. The red line (second objective) which here was little different to the first objective (green line) was reached and two platoons from each attacking company moved up ready to advance to the blue line (second objective) which began at 6:24 a.m. The second and final lines (red and blue) were contiguous on the right from Hessian Wood but the Germans defending the wood were still fighting when the advance was due to resume. Two companies of the right hand battalion had advanced after suffering many losses and then a platoon went to assist the centre battalion. A number of dug-outs were cleared 50 prisoners taken which enabled the centre battalion to get into the north end of the wood and gain touch with the left-hand battalion in the south-western corner. On the front of the 57th Brigade opposition at Wood Farm and Belgian Wood was overrun by a bayonet charge and the blue line (third objective) reached on time. During this advance machine-gun sections and a battalion liaison detachment of the 39th Division pushed forward to North Farm, which was captured with four machine-guns and 29 prisoners. At 8:10 a.m. the protective barrage lifted 200 yards (180 m) and patrols were sent forward to establish outposts and to clear the area of remaining German troops; Moat Farm and Funny Farm being mopped-up. Consolidation was begun despite machine-gun fre from Hollebeke Château, the green line (first objective) was dug-in and posts forward to the blue line (final objective) defended in depth by posts. A German counter-attack was attempted at 7:30 a.m. and "annihilated" by small-arms and artillery fire.[36]

In X Corps to the north the 39th Division on the right prolonged the southern defensive flank, from Groenenburg Farm northwards down the slope to the Bassevillebeek. The division suffered badly from German fire as it advanced 800 yards (730 m) to its objective, from hidden dug-outs in the area further north, which had already stopped the 41st Division. When the division reached its objective it swung back its left flank to link with the right hand brigade of 41st Division.[37] The main attack was made by X Corps and 1st Anzac Corps on a 4,000 yards (3,700 m) front on the Gheluvelt plateau. Steady pressure by the 47th Division had advanced the British front line near Inverness Copse a considerable distance, during the pause in large operations in early September, which made better jumping-off positions for the attack by I Anzac Corps.[21] The four divisions advanced behind a creeping barrage of unprecedented weight. The increased amount of artillery allowed the heavy guns to place two belts of fire beyond the two from the field artillery; a machine-gun barrage in the middle made five belts of fire, each 200 yards (180 m) deep in front of the infantry.[38] The creeping barrage started quickly, lifting 50 yards (46 m) every two minutes and this allowed the British infantry to surprise the German outpost garrisons while the Germans were still in their shelters, by looming out of the mist; after four lifts, the barrage slowed to 100 yards (91 m) every six minutes. Most German troops encountered were so stunned by the bombardment that they were incapable of resistance and surrendered immediately, despite few of the concrete pill-boxes and Mebu shelters being destroyed by the British artillery. In the few areas where the German defenders were capable of resisting, they inflicted heavy losses but were quickly outflanked in the mist. The new system of local reserves allowed the British to maintain momentum despite local checks.[39]

The 41st Division had to advance across the Bassevillebeek valley against the right of the German 9th Division and the left of the Bavarian Ersatz Division to capture Tower Hamlets spur. The advance was hampered by overnight rain, which affected the valley more than the plateau to the north. Fire from camouflaged German machine-gun nests in the valley caused confusion and delay in the British infantry and the barrage was lost. The Bassevillebeek stream in the valley was eventually crossed, with the 122nd Brigade struggling forward and the 124th brigade held up near the British front line, by numerous machine-guns in the Quadrilateral, fortifications in three ruined cottages inside a digging 400 by 100 yards (370 m × 91 m) at the south end of the spur. The Quadrilateral commanded the western approach to the spur and the rise north to the pill-boxes at Tower Hamlets. The left hand brigade of the division reached the third objective and threw back its right flank to the brigade on the right, which had advanced just beyond the second objective and then joined the left flank of 39th Division. Despite the failure to capture Tower Hamlets and parts of the two leading battalions of 124th brigade running away before being rallied, two dead and three wounded battalion commanders, the division defeated all German counter-attacks during the day.[40]

The 23rd Division was held up for a short time by a German strong point in Dumbarton Wood, which had been missed by the barrage and caused many casualties. Despite the delay and the difficulty of navigating through clouds of dust and smoke, caused by the barrage and the marshy ground north of Dumbarton Lake, the first objective was reached a few minutes after the barrage and consolidated along the source of the Bassevillebeek. 69th Brigade on the left managed to get through Inverness Copse but German troops emerged from cover and fired on the troops behind, as they moved up to attack the second objective, causing severe losses before they were killed or captured. The troops who had been severely reduced in numbers, following on through the copse, were still able to capture a line of German fortifications along Menin Road, north of the hamlet of Kantinje Cabaret. Of four tanks attached for the attack along Menin Road, one bogged early and the infantry advance was too swift for the other three tanks to keep up. One tank was knocked out on the road and the other two carried ammunition and equipment to the troops at the final objective.

The 1st Australian Division on the right of I Anzac Corps, advanced on a 1,000 yards front north of the Menin Road, with its right aimed at Fitzclarence Farm against part of the Bavarian Ersatz Division and most of the 121st Division. The Australians passed through Glencorse Wood, which had changed hands twice in August, quickly suppressing German resistance. The Germans at Fitzclarence Farm were kept under cover by rifle grenade fire, while other groups got behind and rushed the garrison, taking 41 prisoners. Infiltration was also used against German machine-gunners in concrete shelters in the sunken road in the north of the wood, who had caused many casualties. Close reserves worked behind the shelters and fought their way in and killed or captured the garrison. Nonne Bosschen was crossed by moving along the edges of shell craters, the second objective along the west edge of Polygon Wood being reached on time at 7:45 a.m. The Wilhelm (third) Line pill-boxes and Mebu shelters[Note 3] were captured quickly, while the German defenders were dazed by the bombardment and unable to resist.[43] Few accounts survive from the Bavarian Ersatz Division companies holding the ground either side of the Menin road, as they were quickly overwhelmed by the 23rd and 1st Australian divisions. Machine-gun fire was heard from the Albrecht (second) Line at 8:30 a.m. but by 9:00 a.m. the British were well on the way to the Wilhelm (third) Line.[44]

The 2nd Australian Division attacked with two brigades, one either side of the Westhoek – Zonnebeke road, against the German 121st Division, down the Hanebeek valley to the near bank. The German outpost garrisons were surprised and overrun. On the far side of the stream the advance overwhelmed the Germans who mostly surrendered en masse. Visibility began to improve to 200–300 yards (180–270 m) and on breasting the rise, machine-guns in Albert and Iron Cross redoubts in the Wilhelm (third) Line on Anzac House spur, the next rise to the east, were blinded by smoke grenades and the garrisons ran off. Further to the left, Anzac House, an important German artillery observation post overlooking the Steenbeek valley to the north, was captured as the garrison tried to engage the Australians by moving their machine-guns outside. As the divisions on the Gheluvelt plateau reached their second objective at 7:45 a.m. a breeze blew away the mist and revealed the magnitude of their achievement. The British had carried the defences which had held them up through August and had gained observation all the way to Broodseinde.[45]

No German counter-attacks were mounted in the two hours that the British spent consolidating the second objective, as the creeping barrage stood for fourteen minutes in front of the second objective, then advanced 2,000 yards (1,800 m) before returning to the new British front line and then advancing again to lead the British troops to the third objective. German counter-attacks were stopped before they reached the new British outposts. The German artillery only managed to fire a disjointed and sparse barrage, which did little to obstruct the troops ready to advance to the third objective as they moved up but snipers and long-range machine-gun fire began to harass the troops consolidating the second objective. Local operations were mounted to stop sniping, using the methods that had been so successful earlier in the morning, leading to Black Watch Corner at the south-west of Polygon Wood and Garter Point east of Anzac House and other strong-points being captured.[46]

At 9:53 a.m. the barrage resumed its forward movement towards the third objective, another 300–400 yards (270–370 m) away. The 23rd Division had to fight forward through pill-boxes hidden in ruined cottages along the Menin Road, concrete shelters in Veldhoek and a hedgerow in front of it, before the German garrisons retreated. The left brigade was held up by a dozen pill-boxes in the Wilhelm (third) Line until noon, which caused the division many losses but the ground at the final objective proved to be dry enough for the troops to dig in.[47] The two Australian divisions reached the third objective in half an hour, finding the Germans in those strongpoints not subdued during the halt on the second objective as stunned as those met earlier in the day. Strafing by eight German aircraft, (one of which was shot down by ground fire) and some shelling by German artillery caused minor losses as the Australian divisions consolidated captured trenches and shell holes in their new front line.[47]

Fifth Army[edit source | editbeta]

  

Frezenberg Ridge, September–October 1917.

The British Fifth Army attacked on the left of the Second Army, V Corps on the right to capture the Wilhelm (third) Line, XVIII Corps in the centre, to finish the capture of the line from Schuler Farm to Langemarck and then advance 500–800 yards (460–730 m) east towards Poelcappelle; XIV Corps formed the northern flank with 20th Division. V Corps had more field guns than the I Anzac Corps to the right and fewer heavy guns so only three barrage belts were possible. A creeping barrage by 18-pdr field guns was to move at the same speed as that of the Second Army. 18-pdr and 4.5-inch howitzer fire were to comb the area in front of the creeping barrage, from 100–400 yards (91–370 m) deep and a neutralizing barrage by 6-inch howitzers and 60-pdr guns was to sweep ground 450–1,200 yards (410–1,100 m) in front of the creeping barrage. Artillery not needed for counter-battery fire was to put standing barrages on the most dangerous German positions, like Hills 37 and 40 and the German assembly areas in the dips behind Zonnebeke and Gravenstafel.[48]

9th and 55th Divisions of V Corps were to attack on fronts of 1,800 yards (1,600 m) over ground held by the right of the German 121st Division and the 2nd Guards Reserve Division, which had also changed hands twice in August. The large numbers of strong-points, pill-boxes and fortified farms east of the Hanebeek and Steenbeek streams were mostly intact, despite numerous attempts to smash them with artillery fire. The artillery brought to the Ypres salient in September went to the Second Army so the Fifth Army adopted a new infantry formation, where moppers-up were reorganised into small groups of up to half a platoon, moving with the leading assault waves to capture specific strong-points and then garrison them. XVIII Corps adopted the same practice, which became standard in the Fifth Army soon after the battle.[49]

The 9th Division was confronted by the morass of the Hanebeek valley, where the stream had been choked by frequent bombardment and turned into a swamp and water-filled shell-holes. Both brigades sent two battalions forward to the first objective and leap-frogged two more through them to take the final objective. Hanebeek Wood on the right was barraged with smoke and high-explosive shell rather than shrapnel, except for a lane along which a company was able to move behind the wood. When the artillery fire moved beyond the wood it was rushed from both directions and captured with fifty prisoners and four machine-guns. The South African Brigade on the left did the same thing at Borry Farm. In the mist the strong points were easily overrun except for four pill-boxes around Potsdam House, which were eventually attacked on three sides and captured, after inflicting heavy casualties on the attackers. Delays caused by machine-gun nests dug in along the Ypres–Roulers railway did not stop the division reaching the first objective as the barrage began to creep forward again at 7:08 a.m.[50] At 7:08 a.m. when the 9th Division began the advance to the final objective, the right hand brigade found only minor opposition. The South African Brigade on the left was badly hit by German machine-gun fire from Hill 37, as delays to the 55th Division meant that it was well short of the hill. The South Africans managed to capture Bremen Redoubt and Waterend House in the Zonnebeek valley and extend a defensive flank back to the first objective.[51]

To the north of 9th Division the 55th Division began the day understrength, after the losses of 31 July. Replacements had arrived slowly and 1,000 soldiers were left out of the battle having arrived too late to be trained for the attack. German artillery and machine-gun fire from Reserve Regiment 91 of the 2nd Guards Reserve Division hit the infantry with intense fire as the attack began. The mist worked to the Germans' advantage in this part of the front, because the depleted British units missed several German strong points and dug-outs, from which the Germans were able to stop the British support waves from moving up. The advanced troops realising this either halted or turned back and lost the barrage. The difficulties of the division were made worse at 7:08 a.m. when the scheduled advance to the final objective coincided with the dispersal of the mist. Reserves were pushed forward around 10:00 a.m. from 166th Brigade, which allowed the 165th and 164th Brigades to take the first objective around Gallipoli Farm and the Schuler Galleries in front of Schuler Farm by mid-day. Fighting at Hill 35 continued and the Germans regained Hill 37 with a counter-attack. Machine-guns were placed in the Schuler Galleries and nine were dug in near Keir Farm, which were able to stop German counter-attacks from making any more progress. In the afternoon the rest of the reserve brigade was able to capture Hills 35 and 37, which dominated the Zonnebeke spur. The right of the division established touch with the 9th Division but the centre and left of 55th Division were 500 yards (460 m) short of the final objective.[52]

XVIII Corps was to advance onto the Gravenstafel and Poelcappelle spurs, held by the German 36th Division since 8 September. The divisions had to assemble east of the Steenbeek between St Julien and Langemarck in low ground which was still muddy and full of flooded shell-holes despite the better weather. The 58th Division objective was 1,000 yards (910 m) ahead, among German strong points on the west end of Gravenstafel spur. As a frontal attack here had failed, the division feinted with its right brigade, while the left brigade made the real attack from the flank. The feint captured Winnipeg cross-roads, as the main attack by three battalions one behind the other, captured Vancouver Farm, Keerselaere and Hubner Farm. The next two battalions passed through and turned right half way up the spur, to reach Wurst Farm on a tactically vital part of the spur at the same time as the barrage. Nearly 300 prisoners and fifty machine-guns were taken and outposts were established to the left overlooking the Stroombeek valley. The division ascribed the success to the excellence of their training, an excellent creeping barrage and smoke shell, which had thickened the mist and blinded the German defenders and that gas shell barrages on the German reinforcement routes had depressed German morale.[53]

51st Division further north, had the same task on Poelcappelle spur. The division advanced with one brigade on a 1,400 yards (1,300 m) front. The Germans in the Wilhelm (third) Line were ready for them and fought until they were almost annihilated in new machine-gun nests that they had dug in front of their front line, which had avoided the worst of the artillery bombardment. The division was able to reach the final objective in sight of Poelcappelle village. By these advances XVIII Corps got observation of Poelcappelle and up the Lekkerboterbeek and Lauterbeek valleys, the capture of which allowed British artillery to move forward of the Steenbeek.[54]

20th Division on the right of XIV Corps, had to form the northern defensive flank of the offensive, on a front of 1,400 yards (1,300 m) from Poelcappelle spur to the Ypres – Staden railway. Two brigades attacked with two battalions each. The German Wilhelm (third) Line, here known as Eagle trench, was held as determinedly as that part in the 51st Division sector ("Pheasant trench") despite a bombardment from Livens Projectors (which fell behind the German trench and illuminated the British infantry as they advanced). By the end of the day the division was still short of the first objective, except on the left next to the railway.[55]

The British offensive had captured most of the German outpost zones to a depth of about 1,500 yards (1,400 m). As the ground was captured it was prepared for defence, in anticipation of counter-attacks by the German Eingreif divisions. Captured German machine-gun nests and strong points were garrisoned and wired with German barbed wire found in the area. The final objective became the outpost zone and the second objective the main line of resistance, a chain of irregular posts using shell-holes concealed by folds of the ground and reverse slopes, avoiding trenches which attracted German shell fire. Communication between the infantry and artillery was established with runners, messenger dogs and pigeons. Wireless transmitters and power buzzers were set up at brigade headquarters and artillery observation posts, one for each artillery group. Engineer and pioneer units began to dig in telephone lines, which took until the afternoon of 21 September.[56]

Air operations[edit source | editbeta]

  

Hannover CL.II

Observing and reporting on German counter-attack movements was made a duty for all aircraft and patrol areas were given to II and V Brigades and the Ninth Wing to patrol. "Hostile Tactical Maps" were issued, showing German assembly points and the likely routes to them and towards the front line. II Brigade covered the Second Army front east to the Roulers–Menin railway. The area was divided into three sectors, each with a counter-attack patrol of two fighters, maintained for eight hours after "zero-hour", flying below 500 feet and using the special maps, to attack any German units they caught on the move and to drive off German low-flying aircraft. On return they were to telephone a report direct to the Second Army Report Centre at Locre, similar arrangements being made for the Fifth Army. Ninth Wing aircraft were to patrol at low altitude east of Zarren–Oostnieukerke–Menin beginning two hours after the start of the attack, to harass German reinforcements. Corps squadrons were to maintain counter-attack patrols on their Corps fronts, calling for immediate artillery fire and warning British infantry by smoke signal. Not all of these measures were possible on the day due to the weather, because it had rained on 19 September and was misty next morning. Air operations commenced as soon as the mist cleared at 8.00 a.m.[23] German aircraft attempting to intervene during the battle suffered from the presence of anti-aircraft guns near the front line, a Lewis gunner of a pioneer battalion in the 19th Division, shooting down a German aircraft in flames at 1:30 p.m.; the feat was repeated next day and several German formations were broken up by ground fire.[57]

German Fourth Army counter-attacks[edit source | editbeta]

  

Reproduction of captured German trench map, 20 Sept 1917.

During the British infantry advances, German artillery managed a considerable amount of counter-battery fire, particularly from Zillebeke to Vebrandenmolen but this was not enough to stop the British artillery heavily bombarding German reserve battalions of the ground-holding (Stellungsdivisionen) divisions as they made futile attempts to counter-attack between 10:00 a.m. and 1.30 p.m. At 1:48 p.m. the British standing barrage in front of the new line ended. Air reconnaissance from zero hour by a contact aeroplane over each Corps area, to observe the progress of the British infantry and one counter-attack observation machine watching for German counter-attacks, revealed German Eingreif units advancing from Flandern III at Menin, Moorslede and Westroosebeek. During the day 394 wireless messages were received from British observation aircraft, about a third resulting in immediate artillery fire.[58]

After 3.00 p.m. approximately three German infantry battalions were reported north of the Menin Road moving up the Reutelbeek valley towards Polderhoek, a similar force with field artillery was seen moving west towards I Anzac Corps at Polygon Wood and Anzac spur and another was observed, descending from the Poelcappelle spur at Westroosebeek towards positions held by the Fifth Army. These troops were the leading regiments of three Eingreif divisions, 16th Bavarian from Gheluwe, 236th Division from Moorslede and 234th Division from Oostniewkirke. The 16th Bavarian Division counter-attack plan "Get Closer" (Näher heran) had been ordered at 5:15 a.m. By 9:00 a.m. the division advanced towards the area between Polygon Wood and Inverness Copse.[59] British medium and heavy artillery fired on the German units, which were forced to deploy and advance from cover. After considerable delay the survivors reached British machine-gun range as their artillery support overshot the British positions. Visibility was still exceptionally good, with the sun behind the British who were easily able to see all movement in front of them on the Gheluvelt plateau. The German force moving up the Reutelbeek valley into the area of 23rd and 1st Australian divisions was watched by the infantry for an hour, when at 7:02 p.m. a field artillery and machine-gun barrage fell on the Germans for an hour, stopping all movement towards the British positions, "16th Bavarian Division was a high quality formation, but all the skill and dash in the world stood no chance in the face of the torrent of fire the British artillery could bring to bear at the critical points".[60]

A similar barrage for forty minutes in front of 2nd Australian division on a regiment of the 236th Division advancing from Molenaarelsthoek and downhill from Broodseinde, stopped the counter-attack long before it came within range of the Australian infantry. On the southern edge of the plateau, German troops dribbling forward in the 39th Division area managed to reinforce the garrison at Tower Hamlets, then tried twice to advance to the Bassevillebeek and were "smashed" by artillery and machine-gun fire.[61]

In the Fifth Army area, from 800 yards (730 m) south of the Ypres – Roulers railway, north to the Ypres – Staden railway, many Germans were seen moving west down Passchendaele ridge around 5:30 p.m. into the area held by the 55th, 58th and 51st divisions. In the 58th Division area fire was opened on the Germans after half an hour, which forced the Germans to deploy into open order. When the Germans were 150 yards (140 m) from the first British strong point, the British defensive barrage arrived with such force that the German infantry "stampeded". No Germans were seen in the area until night when patrols occupied an outpost. On the 55th Division front "an extraordinarily gallant" German counter-attack by the 459th Reserve Regiment (236th Division) from Gravenstafel, on Hill 37 through Reserve Regiment 91, was stopped by artillery and enfilade fire by machine-guns at Keir Farm and Schuler Galleries.[62] A German attack down Poelcappelle spur at 5:30 p.m. towards the 51st Division had much better artillery support and although stopped in the area of the Lekkerboterbeek by 7:00 p.m., pushed the British left back to Pheasant trench (Wilhelm Line) before the British counter-attacked, pushing the Germans back to the line of the first objective, 600 yards (550 m) short of the final objective. By nightfall the German Eingreif divisions had been defeated.[63][Note 4] The British Official History records that the counter-attack divisions had been held back, waiting for another British advance.[66]

Aftermath[edit source | editbeta]

 

Casualties[edit source | editbeta]

British casualties 20–25 September are given by the British Official Historian as 20,255; 3,148 being killed, the 19th Division lost 1,933 casualties.[67] 3,243 prisoners were taken with "very heavy" losses of killed or wounded inflicted on the German defenders.[68][Note 5] The Official Historian's calculations of German losses have been severely criticised ever since.[70]

Subsequent operations[edit source | editbeta]

Minor attacks took place after 20 September as both sides jockeyed for position and reorganised their defences. In the Second Army area on 21 September, a 41st Division brigade attacked towards Bassevillbeek Copse, through extremely boggy ground by short rushes and consolidated posts on the Bassevillebeek. Several German counter-attacks in the afternoon were repulsed and at 7:00 p.m. a much larger German attack was dispersed by artillery and small-arms fire.[71] In the evening a German attack was made on Hill 37 against the 55th Division, taking some ground behind a heavy barrage, until a British counter-attack restored the position by 9:15 p.m. A German raid on posts of the 8th Division (II Corps) next day failed and in the X Corps area the 23rd Division and the 1st Australian Division (I Anzac Corps) re-took the front line. In the XVIII Corps area the 58th Division held Stroppe Farm and in the evening the 51st Division repulsed a big German attack from Poelcappelle with artillery and small-arms fire. The 20th Division repulsed a German attack at 6.30 a.m., then attacked Eagle Trench from both ends and captured it, despite fierce German resistance.[72] Crown Prince Rupprecht wrote in his diary for 23 and 24 September that the Germans could not allow the British to remain in control of the higher ground around Zonnebeke or the Gheluvelt Plateau and that counter-strokes during the next enemy attack must reach their objectives. The Fourth Army lacked reserves and needed time to meet another attack.[73]

A bigger German attack on 25 September, on a 1,800 yards (1,600 m) front, from the Menin Road to Polygon Wood, began as the 23rd Division was being relieved by the 33rd Division. A German bombardment from 20 heavy and 44 field batteries (nearly four times the usual amount for a German division) began at 5:15 a.m., part of which fell short onto the German infantry of two 50th Reserve Division regiments, which fell back until the bombardment began its creep towards the British positions. The German infantry advanced in the morning mist, either side of the Reutelbeek as the artillery boxed the British position opposite, which isolated it from its supports and prevented supplies of ammunition from being brought to the front line.[74] The German attack made little progress on the British right, lost direction in the gloom and veered north, joined with the German battalion there and reached Black Watch Corner, at the south-western extremity of Polygon Wood, which was lost during the Battle of Polygon Wood next day.[75]

Notes

1999. 1 mois en Australie. 12000 km de Perth à Alice Springs en passant par Broome, Darwin, Bungle Bungles, Kakadu, Ayers Rock...

Highest Explore Position: #81 on Sunday, July 8, 2007.

 

2007.07.04. Nikon D80. 18-135mm. 13 second exposure. Cropped to about 90% of the original.

View from the Netherlands Carillon, Arlington, VA.

 

The light/beams are from a helicopter spotlighting the mall.

 

Thanks to WMATA who sent wave after wave (after wave, etc) of yellow cars before a blue car showed up (and I guess I could have gone a little earlier), I got to Arlington Cemetery just as the fireworks were finishing up... I thought they lasted longer than ~20 minutes. Oh well; decided to then walk up to Rosslyn instead of being herded like cattle through the metro system...

1981 (part 1 of 3)

  

January 5, 1981

Kanata residents discussed the past year of the Katimavik-Hazeldean Community Association, including the Association's incorporation July 16, 1980 and the rash of break-ins the community experienced in January, February, and March of 1980. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:2.

 

January 5, 1981

Two members of the Ontario Municipal Board listened to the Region regarding their opposition to the diversion of Eagleson Road South to a position east of Bridlewood. The hearing was to continue February 9, 1981. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:1.

 

January 5, 1981

Kanata Ladies' Bowling Section "A" closed with Team One the victors: Marg Anderson, Ev Fraser, Rose Sullivan, and Dot Ollett. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:13.

 

January 6, 1981

Council heard a deputation from members of the Stittsville and District Snowmobile Club, protesting the ban on snowmobile operation on city urban streets and charged Council with a breach of faith based on an accord they believed had been reached in the fall. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:1.

 

January 9, 1981

Mayor Marianne Wilkinson wrote in her Commentary that the Kanata Hydro Commission had taken over the supply of electric power to all parts of Kanata. The Commission, which was operating out of the former Municipal Office buildings, had a few problems the first day, the mayor said, but everything soon ran smoothly. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:1.

 

January 9, 1981

It was announced that the Fraggalosch family of Kanata won the March Hockey Association's draw for a trip for two to Acapulco, Mexico. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:1.

 

January 9, 1981

It was announced that several hundred Kanata residents from Salter Square, Bering Court, McClintock Way, and Eagleson Manor faced mortgage interest increases of 7 per cent or more. These homeowners had purchased their homes with mortgage interest rates of about 8 per cent under the government's AHOP subsidized-mortgage programme, which the government decided not to continue. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:1.

 

January 9, 1981

It was announced that Thermocell Insulation Ltd. subcontracted the collection of Kanata's waste newsprint to Ottawa's Provincial Sanitation Company. The change, pending Council's decision on whether or not to continue the program, was believed to make the service more efficient. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:1.

 

January 9, 1981

The Kanata Standard wrote that Fazeela Docter was attempting to organize a Block Parents Program in Beaverbrook. The object of the program was to enlist the aid of residents to provide safe refuge for a child in danger or trouble. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:2.

 

January 9, 1981

A number of women in Bridlewood announced they were looking to form a ladies' daytime X-country ski club. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:2.

 

January 9, 1981

It was announced that Council had passed a motion to appoint William J. Berry to the Committee of Adjustment. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:3.

 

January 9, 1981

The March Rural Executive welcomed the initiative of Garnie Hewitt in coordinating the operation of the March Central Rink. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:3.

 

January 9, 1981

Campeau Corporation gave permission to the municipality to install gates in the fencing it had placed around a large part of its property north of Beaverbrook in order to maintain public access to ski trails and nature trails. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:3.

 

January 9, 1981

Being the Year of Disabled Persons, the municipality established a committee to bring forward suggestions on special activities or events to commemorate the year. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:3.

 

January 9, 1981

It was announced that raffle tickets needed to be sold to raise money for special treatment for Stephen Courrier, a Glen Cairn boy who was severely brain damaged in an accident in June of 1973. The treatment he received was at the Sptiz Clinic in Philadelphia. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:4.

 

January 9, 1981

Dan Perley wrote in his column that residents had expressed concern that large chunks of land were being held together by the City more to facilitate construction of factories or housing developments than to preserve agriculture or for conservation value. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:6.

 

January 9, 1981

Mike Bedard announced the results of the Bill McNeill Memorial Tournament at the Mlacak Arena. The Midget Crees, the Atom Crees, the Bantam Iroquois, and the Pewee Chiefs all won the "A" Division Championships. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:8.

 

January 9, 1981

It was announced that Kenneth Finch would teach the Kanata Art Club classes again in 1981. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:13.

 

January 9, 1981

The Atom "A" Blazers travelled to Brockville for the Thousand Island International Tournament, at which they achieved second place. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:7.

 

January 10, 1981

The Cubs and Scouts of Kanata held a bottle drive. Kanata Standard, Dec. 19, 1980:7.

 

January 13, 1981

Ron MaKeekin of the Kanata March Hares Football Club appeared before Council to request financial support for the purchase of trophies. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:6.

 

January 15, 1981

The 1981 Bridlewood Board of Directors was all acclaimed: President--Roy Meikle, Vice-President--Tom Petch, Treasurer--Rick Seaman, Secretary--Stu Chandler. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:3.

 

January 15, 1981

Mike James was appointed to the Bridlewood Transit Committee and Stu Chandler was appointed to the Bridlewood Pathways Committee. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:5.

 

January 16, 1981

A successful bake sale was held by the March Kanata Sailing Club. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:7.

 

January 17, 1981

The March Montessori School's annual fundraising dance, the "Hound Dog Hop II," was held. Kanata Standard, Dec. 12, 1980:3.

 

January 20, 1981

Bob Tennant of MacDonald Homes described to Council the features of a class of energy-saving homes that the company was building in the McCurdy neighbourhood of Katimavik. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:1.

 

January 21, 1981

Joyce Phin, director of the Montessori school, explained the Montessori math program to parents. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:12.

 

January 23, 1981

Constable Peter Leclair confirmed that Kanata's Neighbourhood Watch Program had made a considerable difference in the number of break-ins and thefts in the area. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:1.

 

January 23, 1981

William Casley, 19, of Kanata, was honoured by the OPP for saving the driver of a burning car in August 1979. The driver, it had turned out, had been a friend of William's from Earl of March. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:1.

 

January 23, 1981

R.J.A. expressed concern in an editorial over the Mayor's effort to explain the circumstances surrounding the dismissal of Regional Treasurer Jim Perkins. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:2.

 

January 23, 1981

Paul Dick, MP, expressed concern over the termination of AHOP-funded housing, and in the effects it would have on the Kanata region. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:2.

 

January 23, 1981

Dave Western, Chairman of the Education Committee in Bridlewood, resigned. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:3.

 

January 23, 1981

Sheila McKee made a plea to Kanata residents to donate "anything in any condition" to the sister of Mike McLean, Kanata resident, her husband, and their 7-month-old baby. The family's house south-west of Kanata was completely destroyed by fire. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:5.

 

January 23, 1981

Mayor Marianne Wilkinson explained in her Commentary the circumstances surrounding the dismissal of Regional Treasurer Jim Perkins. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:8.

 

January 23, 1981

Rosalie Vigneron reported that the Christmas Red Cross Clinic was a modest success with 173 donors. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:11.

 

January 23, 1981

Kanata Standard Ltd., the new company that was to take over publication of the Kanata Standard was officially registered. The company was jointly owned by the Kanata Beaverbrook Community Association, the Katimavik-Hazeldean Community Association and private citizens. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:1.

 

January 23, 1981

It was announced that the Kanata Fire Department had presented the Canadian Cancer Society's Branch for the Terry Fox Fund with a cheque for $1000. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:14.

 

January 23, 1981

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ottawa was reported to have authorized the purchase of land in Kanata for a Roman Catholic Church, which would be located at Eagleson Road and Rothesay Drive. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:18.

 

January 24, 1981

The Kanata Kids Association held a Wintertime Fair at the Katimavik Community Centre. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:11.

 

January 27, 1981

Council was split down the middle trying to resolve a long-standing issue of where the Western Boundary Road should be built. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:1.

 

January 27, 1981

Council approved the purchase of a triple-combination fire truck and ancillary equipment at a total cost of $91,901. The truck was to go in the new fire station to be built on Eagleson Road at Rothesay Drive. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:5.

 

January 27, 1981

The Black Tower Restaurant in Kanata was handed a $1000 fine in provincial court for selling liquor to minors. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:16.

 

January 28, 1981

A wine and cheese was held at the Citizen building for voice and hearing-impaired children with guest speaker Tina Novelli-Amstead. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:14.

 

February 1, 1981

The Stittsville and District Snowmobile Association held their drag races. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:13.

 

February 2, 1981

The Carleton Board of Education decided to provide a French Immersion Centre for kindergarten to grade 5 in Katimavik. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:1.

 

February 6, 1981

It a was announced that a meeting was held to organize the Bridlewood nursery school opening in the fall. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:3.

 

February 6, 1981

The Kanata Standard wrote that Susan Kunstadt hoped to organize a ladies fitness class at the Bridlewood Community Centre. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:3.

 

February 6, 1981

In Marianne Wilkinson's Commentary, she noted that Paul Dick and condominium residents met with the Minister in Charge of CMHC, Paul Cosgrove, regarding the end of AHOP housing funding. The mayor noted that the government didn't seem likely to change its plans. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:4.

 

February 6, 1981

It was announced that Brian Carr of Ryder Truck Rentals appeared before Council to request to establish a truck rental agency at the Kanata Esso station on the corner of the Parkway and Teron Road. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:5.

 

February 6, 1981

The Annual Kanata March Horticultual Society Potluck Supper was held at the home of Bob Shank and his wife. The new executive was announced: President--Arnold By, First Vice-President--Mary Ware, 2nd Vice-President--Isobelle Skinner. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:8.

 

February 6, 1981

It was announced that Molly Wilson was presented with the Service Award Certificate by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food and the Kanata March Horticultural Society. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:8.

 

February 6, 1981

The Kinsmen Club of West Carleton announced that they had changed their name to the Kinsmen Club of Kanata in order to identify themselves with the new city. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:9.

 

February 6, 1981

Slavia, a new Kanata restaurant, opened in the east end of the Glen Cairn Plaza on Highway 7. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:11.

 

February 6, 1981

The new March Tennis Club executive was announced: President--Ted Exton, Vice-President--Dave Evans, Secretary--Geoff Holland, Treasurer--Helena Kalivoda. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:16.

 

February 6, 1981

It was announced that an Interim Board of Directors was approved for the Kanata Business Association. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:17.

 

February 6-7, 1981

March Kanata Skating Club's 1981 ice show, "Lights on Broadway," was presented. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:18.

 

February 8, 1981

The March Hockey Association held a skate-a-thon. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:13.

 

February 9-13, 1981

The annual winter carnival was held at Earl of March, that included a Mad Moose Memorial Race and a pancake breakfast. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:13.

 

February 10, 1981

In a Committee-of-the-whole meeting, Ontario Hydro repudiated the agreement reached before Christmas to prune trees on the hydro easements rather than cut them down. Kanata Standard, Feb. 20, 1981:1.

 

February 11, 1981

A discussion was held regarding the decision to make the new Katimavik school a kindergarten to grade 5 French Immersion programme. A number of participants signed a petition to ask the Board to reconsider its decision. Kanata Standard, Feb. 20, 1981:1.

 

February 13-14, 1981

The Glen Cairn Figure Skating Club presented its annual ice show, "Frolics '81." Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:19.

 

February 14, 1981

The Beaverbrook Guide and Brownie Valentine Tea was held at the Earl of March cafeteria. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:9.

 

February 14-15, 1981

Sixteen Kanata skiers participated in Courier de Bois category at the 15th Annual Canadian Ski Marathon. Kanata's winners of this years Bronze Courier de Bois medals were awarded to: Phil Gregory, David Lawrence, Francois Lucas, Marc Lucas, Edward McNamara, and Michael Bowland. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:3.

 

February 17, 1981

The new Bridlewood Community Centre opened. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:3.

 

February 17, 1981

The Earl of March Concert Band played at the official opening of the Bridlewood Community Centre. Kanata Standard, Feb. 20, 1981:5.

 

February 17, 1981

It was announced that the Torbolton March Town Line would be renamed the Thomas A. Dolan Parkway. Kanata Standard, Feb. 20, 1981:6.

 

February 18-21, 1981

The Kanata Theatre ran their production of "Boustille and the Just," featuring Chris Robinson, Margaret Jardine, and Jo-Anne Manion. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:14.

 

February 20, 1981

It was reported that Carleton MPP Bob Mitchell and Carleton-Grenville MPP Norm Sterling presented Mayor Marianne Wilkinson with a cheque for $265,000 as part of the province’s contribution to reconstructing the Glen Cairn sewers. Kanata Standard, Feb. 20, 1981:1.

 

February 20, 1981

It was announced that Kanata City Council had approved a by-law that would set up a parking system for handicapped drivers in the City of Kanata. Kanata Standard, Feb. 20, 1981:2.

 

February 20, 1981

Mayor Marianne Wilkinson mentioned in her Commentary that a number of people had dumped gasoline and other volatile materials into catch basins in the city. She warned that those basins led directly to local streams and rivers. Kanata Standard, Feb. 20, 1981:2.

 

February 20, 1981

The committee for a community school in Katimavik presented a letter to the Carleton Board of Education saying that they preferred the idea of a dual school in Katimavik. Hal Hansen of the CBE presented a response to the committee's concerns. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:7.

 

February 20, 1981

L. Sayers wrote an article for the Kanata Standard regarding the "Fitness for Seniors" programme offered by the Carleton Board of Education and the Kanata Recreation Department. Kanata Standard, Feb. 20, 1981:10.

 

February 20 - 22, 1981

The Bridlewood Winter Carnival took place, including hockey at the Glen Cairn Arena and a Children's Activity Day. Kanata Standard, Feb. 20, 1981:3.

 

February 22, 1981

The Kanata Blazers Major Pewee "AA" team travelled to Brockville for the Brockville Minor Hockey Association Black and Decker Invitational Tournament where they won the "B" side of the double elimination format. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:14.

 

February 24, 1981

In a Committee-of-the-whole meeting, Gerry Lemair, of OC Transpo, outlined changes proposed to the Kanata bus routes, including the extension of the 99 service out to Kanata. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:1.

 

February 24, 1981

The Committee-of-the-whole approved, subject to a number of conditions, the lease of the old library building to the Hazeldean Lions Club. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:1.

 

February 28, 1981

St. Isidore's Parish held a bazaar to raise money for the new church they were building in Kanata. The slogan of the bazaar was: "buy a pie and pay for a brick." Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:18.

 

March 1, 1981

The Kanata Major Atom AA Blazers captured the Cornwall Atom AA Tournament championship with three straight wins. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:19.

 

March 4, 1981

The Kanata Beaverbrook Community Association presented plaques to Ron Andoff and Diane Pilsworth, Beaverbrook's Man and Woman of the Year. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:3.

 

March 5, 1981

Nancy Landry, trustee for the Carleton Separate School Board and Hal Hansen, trustee for the Carleton School Board told the Bridlewood Community Association that they had no plans to build in the area. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:2.

 

March 5-7, 1981

The Kanata Book Fair was held at Stephen Leacock Public School. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:11.

 

March 6, 1981

The Kanata Loppet 1981 was cancelled because of the deterioration of the ski trails that season. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:13.

 

March 6, 1981

Brenda Stewart wrote an article for the Kanata Standard about Connie Lackner, a Glen Cairn tailor who made women's custom suits using natural fibre and traditional techniques. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:1.

 

March 6, 1981

Alan Seward's Council Notes commented on the poor heating and ventilation in the City Hall Chamber. The established cost of repairs to Campeau Corporation, the landlord, was $23,227. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:2.

 

March 6, 1981

Darn Perley mentioned in his column that a number of people had spoken to him about the possibility of setting up a community orchestra or band. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:2.

 

March 6, 1981

It was announced that the City of Kanata had received petitions asking that Young Road not be closed off to Highway 7, as planned. Council was of the opinion that the closing was a requirement of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:2.

 

March 6, 1981

A letter was received from the Ontario Humane Society asking for Kanata City Council's support in opposing a government-proposed change in the law which would permit private zoos of wild animals. Their objection was because of a fear of the spread of rabies and the negative effects on the animals. A motion to look into the matter was passed by Council. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:2.

 

March 6, 1981

Eva James noted in the Bridlewood Pony that Bridlewood's winter carnival had been "very successful despite the lack of snow." Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:3.

 

March 6, 1981

It was reported that Robin McLeish, of Kanata, won the Canadian Downhill Skiing Championships. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:4.

 

March 6, 1981

Ruth Fortune wrote an article in the Kanata Standard regarding the success of Earl of March's Co-operative Education Programme. The program was founded in 1978 by E.O.M. teachers John Lyon and Gerry Clarke. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:6.

 

March 6, 1981

Mary Cook, author of two books, "Time to Blow Out the Lamp," and "A Collector's Stories and Recipes," spoke to two grade 6 classes at Stephen Leacock Public School. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:6.

 

March 6, 1981

Bob Mitchell, MPP, Carleton, announced that tenders were being called for the construction of an Ontario Provincial Police detachment building in Kanata, for the Ministry of the Solicitor General. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:9.

 

March 6, 1981

The Kanata Standard announced that Mayor Marianne Wilkinson had signed a proclamation naming March Arthritis Month in Kanata. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:10.

 

March 9, 1981

It was established that the Kanata Little League Baseball and Softball Association would be the only association to administer a ball program in the city of Kanata. For this reason, wrote the Kanata Standard, the March Softball Association was dissolved and all its liabilities and assets were transferred over to the new association. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:17.

 

March 10, 1981

La Leche League of Kanata held a meeting to discuss "The Advantages of Breast Feeding." Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:10.

 

March 11, 1981

The western finalist for the annual Carleton Public Speaking Contest was Michael Reid from Bell's Corners Public School. His subject was "inventions." Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:4.

 

March 14, 1981

The Hazeldean District Brownies and Guides held their annual tea, bake sale, and bazaar. March 6, 1981:8.

 

March 14-15

The Glen Cairn Midget Bobcats, coached by Val Townsend, Norm Brownlee, and Wayne Taylor, won a midget house league tournament in Potsdam, New York. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:17.

 

March 15, 1981

Archbishop A. Plourde recently announced the appointment of Rev. Peter Schonenbach from St. Elizabeth's Parish in Ottawa as the new Roman Catholic Pastor for Kanata and Stittsville. Kanata Standard, May 15, 1981:26.

 

March 17, 1981

Mayor Marianne Wilkinson declared April Cancer Month in the City of Kanata after the City was presented with of a bowl of daffodils from the Canadian Cancer Society. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:5.

 

March 17, 1981

An objection by residents of Casgrain Court to the proposed operation of a truck rental business at the Kanata Esso Station on Teron Road was referred to City staff. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:5.

 

March 17, 1981

Professionals located in Eagleson Plaza lodged a request to Kanata City Council for the completion of Kakulu Road. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:5.

 

March 19, 1981

Kanata Seniors’ Happy Companions enjoyed an Activity Day at March Central where they learned how to make cloth flowers and Easter Bunny label pins. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:5.

 

March 20, 1981

Hal Hansen, trustee for the Carleton School Board, announced that the Ontario Public School Men Teachers Federation presented Diamond Jubilee Awards to four people, including former CBE trustee Eric Hicks. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:6.

 

March 20, 1981

It was announced that the Regional Planning Committee decided to accept an amendment to the Regional Plan requested by Campeau Corporation regarding the development of the Lakeside area surrounding the Beaver Pond. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:1.

 

March 20, 1981

It was reported that the Beaverbrook pool may not open in 1981 because of cracks in the side and bottom of the main pool. March 20, 1981:1.

 

March 20, 1981

Don Kennedy of the land development division announced that despite the decision of the Campeau Corporation to stop building residences in the Ottawa area, building would proceed in the Marchwood-Lakeside development. March 20, 1981:1.

 

March 20, 1981

Dan Perley announced that the new March Rural Association met to elect five new officers: President--Art Veck, Secretary--Leanne Dwyer, and Treasurer--Moira Dunbar. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:12.

 

March 20, 1981

A volunteer task force working with the Kanata Beaverbrook Community Association announced that it was considering the benefits of conversion to natural gas for home heating. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:14.

 

March 20, 1981

It was announced that the Glen Cairn Figure Skating Club placed third in club standings at the 1981 Ottawa-Hull Interskate Competition held in the Bob Guertin Arena in Hull. The March Kanata Skating Club placed tenth. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:20,21.

 

March 20, 1981

The Kanata Standard announced that the boundaries for the new Roman Catholic Church to be build in Kanata had been decided upon by the archbishop and members of the metropolitan chapter. The new parish would include Amberwood, Bridlewood, Glen Cairn, Fringewood Village, Hazeldean North, Katimavik, and Stittsville. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:22.

 

March 21, 1981

The Minor Hockey Association held a fundraising dinner dance at the Bridlewood Community Centre. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:3.

 

March 21, 1981

The Bridlewood Community Association held a dance to celebrate spring and St. Patrick's Day that was attended by 113 people. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:3.

 

March 23, 1981

The Kanata Kids Association sponsored a bowling excursion. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981.

 

March 25-27, 1981

The Glen Cairn Minor Peewee Hockey team took home the trophy from a tournament in Orleans. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:16.

 

March 26-29, 1981

The Kanata Tyke Blazers won the third Annual Novice Hockey Tournament in Dollard des Ormeaux, Quebec. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:14.

 

April 1, 1981

The inaugural meeting of the Kanata Business Association was held at the Mlacak Centre. The Association was established to "provide local businesses with the method to discuss concerns, problems, and interests, and bring them to the attention of appropriate groups." Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:6.

 

April 1, 1981

The first annual meeting of the Kanata Business Association was held and a board was elected: President--Clarence Maheral, Vice-President--Tony Jarvis, Secretary-Treasurer--Andy Robinson. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:1,4.

 

April 3, 1981

Gordon Marwood noted in the Kanata Standard that spring had brought forward both the construction of the new Kanata police station and the Katimavik Elementary School. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:1.

 

April 3, 1981

Douglas Wiseman, Minister of Government Services, announced that a $1,185 contract had been awarded to M. J. Lafortune Construction Ltd. of Ottawa for the construction of the Ontario Provincial Police detachment building in Kanata. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:3.

 

April 3, 1981

Mayor Marianne Wilkinson mentioned in her Commentary that the City of Kanata had received an Interim Report on the study of the City's recreation facilities. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:6.

 

April 4, 1981

St. Isidore's Parish sponsored a Pub Night at the Parish Hall, South March, featuring Dominic D'Arcy. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:10.

 

April 4-5, 1981

The Kanata Theatre presented "The Silver Whistle" by Patrick B Mace, directed by Eileen Morand. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:17.

 

April 5, 1981

Bill Sawchuck gave a talk about Telidon, "one of the newest communication devices," at the Mlacak Centre. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:7.

 

April 5, 1981

A ceremony was held at Ridgemont High School for the Girl Guides of Canada, during which Canada Cords were presented to: Stacey McKay, Alicia Bennett, and Carol McLean. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:11.

 

April 5 - 11, 1981

Proclaimed Air Cadet Week in the City of Kanata by Mayor Marianne Wilkinson. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:13.

 

April 6, 1981

The new executive was elected for the Kanata Ladies Bowling League: President--Ann Harris, Vice-President--Margo MacLaurin, Secretary--Faye Larwill, Treasurer--Shelley O'Dell. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:16.

 

April 8, 1981

Akela John van Abbema, of the Panther Club Pack, arranged for the Ontario Provincial Police to bring their Dog Patrol team to Roger St. Denis school. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:11.

 

April 8, 1981

The operating budget of the City of Kanata for 1981 was presented to the public. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:4.

 

April 8, 1981

The Carleton Board of Education and the Teachers' Federation of Carleton attended a signing ceremony where they ratified a new Collective Agreement for elementary school teachers. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:8.

 

April 8, 1981

The new executive for the March Kanata Skating Club was elected: President and Pro Liaison--Keith Hooey, Vice-President and Sectionals Chairman--Donna Lund, Secretary--Diana Callahan, Treasurer--Paul Richardson. Kanata Standard, May 15, 1981:20.

 

April 9, 1981

The new executive for the Glen Cairn Figure Skating Club was elected: President--Joan Dowling, Vice-President--Donna Sparling, Treasurer--Rheal Dorie, Secretary--Marilyn Holden. Kanata Standard, May 15, 1981:20.

 

April 9, 1981

The first meeting was held of those interested in forming a Kanata band. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:5.

 

April 11, 1981

The Kanata Scouting Troop held their 3rd Annual Scout Bike Exchange at Earl of March High School. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:11.

 

April 11, 1981

The Kanata Kids Association held its election: President--Alex Munter (acclamation), Vice-President--Laura Kyswaty, Secretary-Treasurer--Helen Reeve, Kids Rep--Richard Munter. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:15.

 

April 14, 1981

The Family Enrichment Association invited parents and children between the ages of 8 and 12 to attend a film and discussion period dealing with peer pressure. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:7.

 

April 16, 1981

Norpak Ltd., a fast-growing manufacturer of electronic display processing equipment, that was involved in the heralded Telidon programme, was to be one of the first occupants of the South Business Park in Katimavik. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:1.

 

April 16, 1981

Mayor Marianne Wilkinson mentioned in her Commentary that there had been two serious incidents with B-B-Guns and Air Guns -- one where a car window was shattered by a pellet and a second where two children were hit by air pellets in the back. The mayor's comments served as a reminder that Kanata by-laws prohibit the discharge of any firearm within the entire southern half of the city. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:2.

 

April 16, 1981

A.Y. Jackson Secondary School in Kanata announced that it would introduce a semester system in the fall as well as an adult day programme. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:13.

 

April 16, 1981

The Kanata Standard noted that Stephen Dyment, a grade 8 student at Stephen Leacock Public School, had represented the Kanata area in the semi-finals of the Carleton Board of Education's English Public Speaking Contest in March. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:7.

 

April 16, 1981

The Kanata Standard announced that Matthew Beddoes, a grade 7 student at Stephen Leacock School was successful in an audition held at the National Arts Centre for parts in the opera "Midsummer Nights Dream" by Benjamin Britten. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:11.

 

April 21, 1981

The First Unitarian Church held an art show featuring the works of Ohyllis Ross, oils, and Roy Cottee, water colours. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:18.

 

April 21, 1981

A deputation of 15 residents, led by Glen Cairn Ball Association Graham Ball and Scheduling Manager Tom Flood, presented a case to Kanata City Council against the proposed maintenance costs charged by Council. Kanata Standard, May 1, 1981:2.

 

April 21, 1981

A deputation of Casgrain Court residents, led by Jerry Bellamo, presented residents' concerns over noise that might result from the changed use of the Kanata Esso site. The Planning Board had previously passed a motion to allow Kanata Esso to add a truck rental area to its existing site. Kanata Standard, May 1, 1981:2.

 

April 23, 1981

In honour of April being Cancer Month, the Canadian Cancer Society offered two free Breast Self-Examination Clinics in the Ottawa area. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:19.

 

April 25, 1981

The March Montessori School held its third annual baby clothing and equipment sale in the Beaverbrook Mall. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:12.

 

April 25, 1981

A Spring Dance was held in the foyer of Earl of March Secondary School, sponsored by the school's music department. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:11.

 

April 25, 1981

The Kanata Ladies' Bowling League held their Annual Banquet and Presentations at the RA Centre. The top honour of League Winner was achieved by Team No 11: Captain Lois Smit, Janet MacLennan, Anne Schryburt, and Beth Woodburn. Kanata Standard, May 1, 1981:15.

 

April 25, 1981

The 2nd Annual Toothbrush Swap was held at Hazeldean Mall. Kanata Standard, May 15, 1981:13.

 

April 28, 1981

The Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton's Planning Board heard from residents regarding Campeau Corporation's application to amend the Regional Official Plan in the Lakeside area of Kanata. Kanata Standard, May 1, 1981:1.

 

April 28, 1981

In a Committee-of-the-whole meeting, the Kanata City Council heard from Sandra Reain concerning the desire of residents for an indoor pool in Kanata. Kanata Standard, May 1, 1981:1.

 

April 28, 1981

Council discussed the renovation of the Old Town Hall in South March. Following a request by the South March Women's Institute in 1980, Council had passed a resolution to determine the soundness of the structure. Having found the structure sound, Mayor Marianne Wilkinson pointed out the possibility of having it designated as a Heritage building. Kanata Standard, May 1, 1981:6.

 

April 28, 1981

There was discussion at the Kanata City Council meeting about an application understood to be in the works for a four-theatre cinema with a total seating capacity of 600 seats. Kanata Standard, May 1, 1981:4.

  

www.pro-fumo.net & www.dottoressadania.it

www.pro-fumo.net & www.dottoressadania.it

Location map for the Pacific Ocean

 

Image: Public Domain

 

We have used this photo in this article:

The Largest Oceans In The World

 

Up until recently there were four official oceans in the World - the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Arctic Ocean - but this changed in 1990, when the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) designated the Antarctic Ocean (also know as the Southern Ocean) as an independent ocean. It encircles Antarctica, below the 60° Southern line of latitude, but before this declaration, many geographers believed that this part of the World Ocean was just the bottom part of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans combined. Many still believe this to be the case, but the IHO have based their decision on the water of the Antarctic Ocean being very different to the waters of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans in that general area.

 

The largest ocean on the planet is the Pacific Ocean, which covers about 28% of the surface of our planet. It's total size is greater than the size of all the World's land mass added together, and it is the source of over half of the sea food which we humans consume. The deepest point under all of the oceans is the Mariana Trench in the north-west Pacific, which drops to a depth of 10,911 metres (35,800 ft), and the planet's oceans cover over 70% of it's surface area in total, an estimated 360,000,000 sq km (140,000,000 sq miles)……..

 

Looking out from the walls of Nottingham Castle in Nottingham, Nottinghamshire. The castle is located in a commanding position on a natural promontory known as "Castle Rock", with cliffs 130 feet (40 m) high to the south and west.

 

There is some uncertainty whether a castle existed on the site before the Norman Conquest. If there was it would have been smaller and far less elaborate in design than the one that stood there afterwards.

 

The first Norman castle of a motte-and-bailey design, and was built in 1067, on the orders of William the Conqueror. This wooden structure was replaced by a far more defensible stone castle during the reign of Henry II, and was imposing and of a complex architectural design.

 

For centuries the castle served as one of the most important in England for nobles and royalty alike. It was in a strategic position due to its location near a crossing of the River Trent; and it was also known as a place of leisure being close to the royal hunting grounds at Tideswell and also the royal forests of Barnsdale and Sherwood Forest.

 

In 1194, a historic battle took place at Nottingham castle when the supporters of Prince John captured it. The castle was the site of a decisive siege when King Richard I, returned to England and besieged the castle with the siege machines he had used at Jerusalem.

 

The castle ceased to be a royal residence by 1600 and was largely rendered obsolete. At the start of the English Civil War, in August 1642, Charles I chose Nottingham as the rallying point for his armies, but soon after he departed, the castle rock was made defensible and held by the parliamentarians. Commanded by John Hutchinson, they repulsed several Royalist attacks, and they were the last group to hold the castle. After the execution of Charles I in 1649, the castle was razed to prevent its re-use.

 

After the restoration of Charles II in 1660, the present 'Ducal Mansion' was built by Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle on the foundations of the previous structure. Despite the destruction of the keep and fortifications of the upper bailey, some rock cut cellars and medieval pointed arches survive beneath the mansion, together with a long passage to the bottom of the rock, commonly known as Mortimer's Hole.

 

After a time the mansion became a derelict shell until it was restored in 1875 by Thomas Chambers Hine, and opened in 1878 by the Prince of Wales, (later King Edward VII) as Nottingham Castle Museum, the first municipal art gallery in the UK outside London. The gatehouse of the medieval castle and much of the walling of the outer bailey was retained as a garden wall for the Ducal mansion.

 

The ducal mansion is still in use as a museum and art gallery. It houses most of the City of Nottingham's fine and decorative art collections, galleries on the history and archaeology of Nottingham and the surrounding areas, and the regimental museum of the Sherwood Foresters.

 

Right and left of the house are the two old wells by Josef Gasser. They represent opposing worlds. On your left, it depens on your position: "music, dance, joy, levity", right: "Loreley, sadness, love, revenge". This one stands for music...

 

History of the Vienna State Opera

132 years house on the Ring

(you can see pictures by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

State Opera (K.K. Court Opera) 1901

About three and a half centuries, until the early Baroque period, the tradition of Viennese opera goes back. Emperor Franz Joseph I decreed in December 1857 to tear down the old city walls and fortifications around the city center of Vienna and to lay out a wide boulevard with new buildings for culture and politics, the ring road.

The two Court Theatres (a speech and a musical theater) should find a new place on the ring. For the Imperial and Royal Court Opera House was chosen a prominent place in the immediate area of ​​the former Kärntnertortheatre. This by the public that much loved opera theater was demolished in 1709 due to its confinement .

State Opera (K.K. Court Opera) 1903

The new opera house was built by the Viennese architect August Sicardsburg, who designed the basic plan, and Eduard van der Null, who designed the interior decoration. But other eminent artists had been involved: just think of Moritz von Schwind, who painted the frescoes in the foyer and the famous "Magic Flute", cycle of frescoes in the loggia. The two architects did not experience the opening of "their" opera house any more. The sensitive van der Null committed suicide since the Wiener (Viennes people) denigrated the new house as lacking in style, his friend Sicardsburg succumbed a little later to a stroke.

1869 - 1955

On 25 May 1869 the House was with Mozart's DON JUAN in the presence of Emperor Franz Joseph, the highest building owner, and Empress Elisabeth opened.

However, with the artistic charisma under the first directors Franz von Dingelstedt, Johann Herbeck, Franz Jauner and Wilhelm Jahn grew the popularity of the building. A first highlight experienced the Vienna Opera under the director Gustav Mahler, renewing the outdated performance system from scratch, strengthening precision and ensemble spirit and also using significant visual artists (including Alfred Roller) for the shaping of the new stage aesthetic.

In the ten-year-period of his Directorate (1897-1907) continued Gustav Mahler, this very day, in the concert halls of the world as the most important member of a Symphony Orchestra at the turn of the 20th century omnipresent, the intensive fostering of Wagner, Mozart's operas and Beethoven's Fidelio were redesigned, the with Richard Strauss initiated connection to Verdi was held upright. Austrian composers were promoted (Hugo Wolf), the Court Opera was opened to European modernism.

Image: Emperor Franz Joseph I and Emperor Wilhelm II during a gala performance at the Vienna Court Opera in 1900 resulting from the "Book of the Emperor", edited by Max Herzig.

Technique: Lithography

from www.aeiou.at

In addition to the classics of the Italian repertoire were and are especially Mozart, Wagner and Richard Strauss (himself 1919-1924 director of the House), the musical protection gods of the Vienna State Opera.

staatsoper_81.jpg (28138 bytes)

The modern also always had its place: the twenties and thirties witnessed the Vienna premieres of Krenek's Jonny spielt auf, Cardillac Hindemith, Korngold MIRACLE OF Héliane and Berg's Wozzeck (under President Clemens Krauss). This tradition was interrupted with the seizure of power by the National Socialists, yes, after the devastating bomb hits, on 12 March 1945 the house on the ring largely devastating, the care of the art form itself was doubtful.

The Viennese, who had preserved a lively cultural life during the war, were deeply shocked to see the symbol of the Austrian musical life in ruins.

But the spirit of the opera was not destroyed. On 1 May 1945 "State Opera Volksoper" was opened with a brilliant performance of Mozart's THE MARRIAGE OF FIGARO, on 6 October 1945 was followed by the re-opening of the hastily restored Theater an der Wien with Beethoven's Fidelio. Thus there were two venues for the next ten years, while the actual main building was rebuilt at great expense.

staatsoper_84.jpg (14707 bytes)

Visitors flock to the opera. Reopening on 5th November, 1955.

Image from © www.staatsvertrag.at / bildarchiv austria / ÖGZ / Hilscher

As early as 24 May 1945 the State Secretary of Public Works, Julius Raab, had announced the reconstruction of the Vienna State Opera, which should be placed in the hands of the Austrian architects Erich Boltenstern and Otto Prossinger. Only the main façade, the grand staircase and the Schwindfoyer (evanescence foyer) had been spared from the bombs - with a new auditorium and modernized technology, the Vienna State Opera was brilliant with Beethoven's Fidelio under Karl Böhm on 5 November 1955 reopened. The opening ceremonies were broadcasted from Austrian television and in the whole world at the same time as a sign of life of the resurrected 2nd Republic understood.

staatsoper_83.jpg (33866 bytes)

State ceremony to the reopening on 5 November 1955. On the far right under the box of the Federal President a television camera of the Austrian Broadcasting Corporation is visible which broadcasted the event. Image from © www.staatsvertrag.at / ÖGZ / Cermak

1955 to 1992

The dictum that the Vienna State Opera survives every director, is attributed to Egon Seefehlner which himself for many years run the businessses of the house. And yet marked he and the thirty-one other directors of the Vienna State Opera since 1869, great musicians or musical administrators, in their own way the profile of this world-famous institution:

staatsoper_82.jpg (13379 bytes)

Performance for the reopening of the Vienna State Opera on 5 November, 1955.

Image from © www.staatsvertrag.at / bildarchiv austria / ÖGZ / Hilscher

After the Second World War there were first the conductors directors Karl Böhm and Herbert von Karajan - the latter insisted on the title "Artistic Director" and opened the Ensemble house to the international singer market, had the opera rehearsed in original language and oriented his plans to "co-productions" with foreign opera houses, however, which were only realized after his term.

It followed as directors Egon Hilbert, Heinrich Reif-Gintl, Rudolf Gamsjäger and the mentioned Egon Seefehlner, who was appointed for a second time at the top of the house after the departure of his successor in office Lorin Maazel. Claus Helmut Drese (State Opera director from 1986 to 1991) stood with Claudio Abbado an internationally renowned music director by his side. At the beginning of the 90s the forrmer star baritone Eberhard Waechter, at that time director of the Volksoper (People's Opera), charged with the direction. Only seven months have been granted to him as a director.

The era Ioan Holender (1992 to 2010)

After Waechter's tragic death in March 1992 took over general secretary Ioan Holender, a former singer (baritone) and owner of a singer Agency, the office to continue the tradition of perhaps the most important opera institution in the world over the millennium to 2010.

His play plan design relies besides an extremely wide repertoire with the columns Mozart, Wagner, Verdi and Strauss mainly on premieres. Mention may be made of Bellini's I Puritani (1993 /94), Massenet Hérodiade (1994 /95), Verdi's Jerusalem and Britten's PETER GRIMES (1995 /96), Verdi's Stiffelio and Enescu OEDIPE (1996 /97), Rossini's GUILLAUME TELL and Lehár's operetta THE MERRY WIDOW (1998/99) and Schoenberg's THE JAKOBSLEITER, Hiller's PETER PAN, Donizetti's ROBERTO DEVEREUX, Britten's Billy Budd, Verdi's Nabucco (2000/ 01), Bellini's LA SONNAMBULA, Gounod's Roméo et Juliette, Janácek's Jenufa (2001/02), Verdi's SIMON BOCCANEGRA, Krenek's Jonny spielt auf, Donizetti's La Favorite, Hiller's PINOCCHIO, Wagner's TRISTAN UND ISOLDE (2002/ 03), Verdi's FALSTAFF, Wagner's FLYING DUTCHMAN and PARSIFAL, Strauss's Daphne (2003/ 04) and the world premiere of the original French version of Verdi's DON CARLOS (2003/ 04). A particular success of the recent past, the rediscovery of Fromental Halévy's La Juive Grand (1999 ) must be considered. Two premières concerned 1995 Adriana Hölszky's THE WALLS (co-production with the Vienna Festival at the Theater an der Wien ) and Alfred Schnittke's Gesualdo. On 15 June 2002 also THE GIANT OF STONE FIELD (Music: Peter Turrini: Friedrich Cerha libretto) premiered with great success, another commissioned work of the Vienna State Opera.

State Opera - © Oliver Thomann - FOTOLIA

Image : Vienna State Opera

In recent years it came up, in each case on 18 May, the anniversary of the death of Gustav Mahler, to concerts of the Vienna Philharmonic at the Vienna State Opera. These were under the direction of Seiji Ozawa (who since the 2002 /03 season the Vienna State Opera director Holender as music director of the house stands to the side) (1995), Carlo Maria Giulini (1996), Riccardo Muti (1997), Lorin Maazel (1998), Zubin Mehta (1999), Giuseppe Sinopoli (2000 ), Riccardo Muti (2001) and again Seiji Ozawa (2004).

Furthermore, was on 16 June, 2002 for the first time by the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra (conducted by Seiji Ozawa) a CONCERT FOR AUSTRIA organized. More CONCERTS FOR AUSTRIA followed on 26 October 2003 (Zubin Mehta) and 26 October 2004 (under Valery Gergiev).

At the Theater an der Wien Mozart's Così fan tutte experienced a triumphant new production conducted by Riccardo Muti. This Mozart cycle under Muti continued with DON GIOVANNI and 2001 LE MARRIAGE OF FIGARO, 1999.

more...

Directors since 1869

Franz von Dingelstedt 07/01/1867 - 18/12/1870

Opening 5/25/1869

Johann von Herbeck 12/19/1870 - 30/04/1875

Franz von Jauner 01/05/1875 - 18/06/1880

Director College:

Karl Mayerhofer, Gustav Walter and

Emil Scaria 19.06.1880 - 31.12.1880

Wilhelm Jahn 01.01.1881 - 10.14.1897

Gustav Mahler 10/15/1897 - 31/12/1907

Felix Weingartner 01.01.1908 - 28.02.1911

Hans Gregor 01.03.1911 - 14.11.1918

Franz Schalk 15.11.1918 - 08.15.1919

Richard Strauss/Franz Schalk 16/08/1919 - 31/10/1924

Franz Schalk 1/11/1924 - 8/31/1929

Clemens Krauss 01/09/1929 - 15/12/1934

Felix Weingartner, 01.01.1935 - 08.31.1936

Erwin Kerber 09/01/1936 - 08/31/1940

Henry K. Strohm 09.01.1940 - 19.04.1941

Walter Thomas 02.01.1941 - 19.04.1941

Ernst August Schneider 04/20/1941 - 02/28/1943

Karl Böhm 03.01.1943 - 30.04.1945

Alfred Jerger,

State Opera in the Volksoper 01.05.1945 - 14.06.1945

Franz Salmhofer,

State Opera in the Theater an der Wien, 18.06.1945 - 31.08.1955

Karl Böhm 01.09.1954 - 31.08.1956

Herbert von Karajan 01.09.1956 - 31.03.1962

Herbert von Karajan/Walter Erich Schäfer 01.04.1962 - 08.06.1963

Herbert von Karajan/Egon Hilbert 09.06.1963 - 31.08.1964

Egon Hilbert 01.09.1964 - 18.01.1968

Heinrich Reif- Gintl 19.01.1968 - 31.08.1972

Rudolf Gamsjager 01.09.1972 - 31.08.1976

Egon Seefehlner 01.09.1976 - 31.08.1982

Lorin Maazel 01.09.1982 - 31.08.1984

Egon Seefehlner 01.09.1984 - 31.08.1986

Dr. Claus Helmut Drese 01.09.1986 - 31.08.1991

Eberhard Waechter 01.09.1991 - 29.03.1992

Ioan Holender 01.04.1992 - 31.08.2010

Dominique Meyer since 01/09/2010

 

Opera world premieres

Abbreviations:

Od = the Odeon

Ron = Ronacher

TW = the Theater an der Wien

 

1875 10:03. Goldmark The Queen of Sheba

1877 04:10. Brüller Der Landfriede

1880 26.05. Riedel The Accolade

15.12. Brüller Bianca

1883 04.01. Leschetitzky The first fold

21.02. Bachrich Muzzedin

1884 26.03. Bachrich Heini of Styria

1886 30.03. Hellmesberger jun. Fata Morgana

4:10 . Hager Marffa

19.11. Goldmark Merlin

1887 03:04. Harold pepper

1889 27.03. Fox The Bride King

4:10. Smareglia The vassal of Szigeth

1891 19:02. Mader Refugees

1892 01.01. J. Strauss Ritter Pasman

16.02. Massenet Werther

19.11. Bulk Signor Formica

1894 20.01. Heuberger Miriam

1896 21.03. Goldmark The Cricket on the Hearth

1899 17:01. The Goldmark prisoners of war

1900 22:01. Zemlinsky It was once

1902 28.02. Forster The dot mon

1904 18:02. Wolf The Corregidor

1908 02.01. Goldmark The Winter's Tale

1910 12:04. The musician Bittner

18.05. Goldmark Götz von Berlichingen

1911 09:11. Bittner The mountain lake

1912 16.03. Oberleithner Aphrodite

1913 15.03. Schreker The game works and the Princess

1914 01.04. Schmidt Notre Dame

1916 04:10. R. Strauss Ariadne auf Naxos (Vienna version)

1917 23.11. Zaiszek-Blankenau Ferdinand and Luise

1919 10.10. R. Strauss Die Frau ohne Schatten

1920 13.05. Weingartner Champion Andrea/The Village School

1921 09.04. The Bittner Kohlhaymerin

1924 20.09. Beethoven/R. Strauss The Ruins of Athens

1925 24.02. Kienzl Sanctissimum

27.03. Frank The image of the Madonna

1931 20.06. Wellesz The Bacchae

1932 10:11. Heger The beggar Nameless

1934 20.01. Lehár Giuditta

08.12. Bittner The violet

1935 26.12. Salmhofer lady in dream

1937 06.02. Wenzl - Traun rock the atonement

17.04. Frank The strange woman

18.11. Weinberger Wallenstein

1938 09.03. Salmhofer Ivan Tarasenko

1939 02:02. Will King ballad

1941 04:04. Wagner Régeny Johanna Balk

1956 17.06. Martin The Storm

1971 23.05. The visit of an old lady

1976 17.12. A Love and Intrigue

1989 25.11. The blind Furrer (OD)

1990 06:12. Krenek last dance at St. Stephen's (Ron)

1995 20.05. Hölszky The walls (TW)

26.05. Schnittke Gesualdo

2002 15.06. Cerha Der Riese vom Steinfeld

2007 15:04 Naske The Omama in the apple tree

2010 28.02. Reimann Medea

2010 10:05. Eröd dots and Anton

www.wien-vienna.at/index.php?ID=484

Highest Explore Position #256 ~ On June 24th 2008.

Update ~ New position #'227 ~ On June 25th 2008.

 

Asian Ladybird - Leeds Castle, Kent, England - Sunday June 22nd 2008.

Click

You wouldn't believe how difficult this it was to get this image!!...It was blowing a gale here in Kent, England yesterday. This bug was clinging on for dear life and I just managed to click inbetween the sways..lol..:O))

This was also my first Ladybird image, the last time I saw one was when one landed on me in the shop where I buy my Sunday papers...which was typical, as I didn't have my camera with me.

The ladybirds seem to be very few and far between at the moment, unless they are just hiding from me...lol.

 

Hmmm, it looks like I captured a killer..lol..perhaps I should have squished it after I photographed it!!!

This would also explain my story above...the reason I've not seen many is because these illegal immigrants have eaten them all!!!!!!

 

Also see here... -

www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-487281/The-Asian-lady-se... - and here - www.telegraph.co.uk/global/main.jhtml?xml=/global/2004/10...

Killer ladybirds in the capital

By James Stern

 

Asian Ladybirds - One of the unusual mainly black variants.

 

Killer ladybirds are invading London and are threatening the Capital's insects and plants.

 

The large Multivariate Asian Ladybird - a native of Japan and Siberia - has been spotted in London, and has brought with it a new threat of terror to the Capital's ladybird population.

 

It is not known how the foreign ladybirds entered the country, but the illegal immigrants are thought to have arrived via intercontinental rail, or on imported fruit and flowers.

 

Many of the foreign colonies have been spotted in south west London - including the Chelsea, Lambeth, Northern Wandsworth and Southwark boroughs, with experts believing the Harmonia axyridis - to give the species it's Latin name - will spread further east along the Thames as it breeds.

 

London residents have been asked to keep guard and look out for the large aphid - roughly 6-8mm long. The ladybird can be identified by its white patches down the side of the fore-body, usually coloured red or orange with up to 19 black spots. It may sometimes be coloured black with two to eight red patches.

 

The public has been asked to send specimens or photographs of unusual specimens for identification to Michael Majerus - address given below.

 

The exotic ladybirds are a known menace to North American residents, entering houses during the autumn and reproducing in massive numbers. Native ladybirds and insects are edged out, either starved by competition or eaten by the in-comer.

 

In the longer term there is a chance that the ladybird will prosper in London. However entomologist Paul Mabbott, Co-ordinator for Surveys of Ladybirds in London and Essex, hopes European predators and diseases will keep the growing Asian ladybird population down. It may, however, be necessary to import parasitoids or bacterial treatments to deal with the situation.

 

Information:

 

Michael Majerus, Dept of Genetics, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EH

Ladybirds travel well by post if securely packed in a small, strong container such as a photographic film tube.

 

Flash camera right ~45 degrees.

www.pro-fumo.net & www.dottoressadania.it

A Brown Pelican goes into a dive over the Indian River Lagoon, Sebastian, Florida.

Another picture of this scene - www.flickr.com/photos/68781017@N03/11486446016/

At the train station the sun was directly on top of a minaret in the distance. Heavily cropped in phone and processed to death but I quite like it.

Instructors indicating how to position the ladder.

The Fire Services Training School.

 

Fan Ling, Hong Kong

Kuala Lumpur (/ˈkwɑːləˈlʊmpʊər/ or /-pər/; Malaysian pronunciation: [ˈkwalə ˈlumpʊr]) is the national capital and most populous global city in Malaysia. The city covers an area of 243 km2 and has an estimated population of 1.6 million as of 2010. Greater Kuala Lumpur, covering similar area as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.5 million people as of 2012. It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in South-East Asia, in terms of population and economy.

 

Kuala Lumpur is the seat of the Parliament of Malaysia. The city was once home to the executive and judicial branches of the federal government, but they were moved to Putrajaya in early 1999. Some sections of the judiciary still remain in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur. The official residence of the Malaysian King, the Istana Negara, is also situated in Kuala Lumpur. Rated as an alpha world city, Kuala Lumpur is the cultural, financial and economic centre of Malaysia due to its position as the capital as well as being a key city. Kuala Lumpur was ranked 48th among global cities by Foreign Policy's 2010 Global Cities Index and was ranked 67th among global cities for economic and social innovation by the 2thinknow Innovation Cities Index in 2010.

 

Kuala Lumpur is defined within the borders of the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and is one of three Malaysian Federal Territories. It is an enclave within the state of Selangor, on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia.

 

Since the 1990s, the city has played host to many international sporting, political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games and the Formula One Grand Prix. In addition, Kuala Lumpur is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world, the Petronas Twin Towers, which have become an iconic symbol of Malaysia's futuristic development.

 

In May 2015, Kuala Lumpur was officially recognized as one of the New7Wonders Cities together with Vigan City, Doha, Durban, Havana, Beirut, and La Paz.

 

HISTORY

Kuala Lumpur means "muddy confluence", although it is also possible that the name is a corrupted form of an earlier but now unidentifiable forgotten name. It was originally a small settlement of just a few houses at the confluence of Sungai Gombak (previously known as Sungai Lumpur) and Sungai Klang (Klang River). The town of Kuala Lumpur was established circa 1857, when the Malay Chief of Klang, Raja Abdullah bin Raja Jaafar, aided by his brother Raja Juma'at of Lukut, raised funds to hire some Chinese miners from Lukut to open new tin mines here. The miners landed at Kuala Lumpur and continued their journey on foot to Ampang where the first mine was opened. Kuala Lumpur was the furthest point up the Klang River to which supplies could conveniently be brought by boat; it therefore became a collection and dispersal point serving the tin mines. The identity of the founder of Kuala Lumpur has however not been confirmed: Raja Abdullah bin Raja Jaafar and his role in founding the city do not appear in the earliest account of the history of Selangor. On the other hand, the Sumatrans Abdullah Hukum and Sutan Puasa, arrived in Kuala Lumpur at least in 1850. Raja Abdullah only came around 1857 and Yap Ah Loy, also regarded as the founding father of Kuala Lumpur, arrived in 1862. In addition, the Chinese men employed under Raja Abdullah worked in Ampang, 64 kilometres away from the main land. Meanwhile, efficient drainage and irrigation systems (bondar saba) were introduced in Kuala Lumpur by the technologically advanced Mandailing, improving the mining industry.

 

In the early history of Kuala Lumpur, the Minangkabaus of Sumatra were considered to be one of the most important groups of people who involved in trading. Utsman bin Abdullah and Haji Mohamed Taib were influenced tycoon in Kuala Lumpur and surrounding area. Haji Taib, one of the wealthiest figure at that time, was an important person in the early development centre of city: Kampung Baru. Beside as merchants, the Minangkabaus also overwhelmingly on socio-religious figures, such as Utsman bin Abdullah was the first kadi of Kuala Lumpur as well as Muhammad Nur bin Ismail.

 

Although the early miners suffered a high death toll due to the malarial conditions of the jungle, the Ampang mines were successful, and the first tin was exported in 1859. The tin-mining spurred the growth of the town, and miners later also settled in Pudu and Batu. The miners formed gangs among themselves; there were the Hakka-dominated Hai San in Kuala Lumpur, and the Cantonese-dominated Ghee Hin based in Kanching in Ulu Selangor. These two gangs frequently fought to gain control of best tin mines. The leaders of the Chinese community were conferred the title of Kapitan Cina (Chinese headman) by the Malay chief, and Hiu Siew, the owner of a mine in Lukut, was chosen as the first Kapitan of Kuala Lumpur. As one of the first traders to arrive in Ampang (along with Yap Ah Sze), he sold provisions to the miners in exchange for tin.

 

In 1868, Yap Ah Loy was appointed the third Chinese Kapitan of Kuala Lumpur. Yap, together with Frank Swettenham, were the two most important figures in the development of Kuala Lumpur in the early days of Kuala Lumpur. In 1880, the state capital of Selangor was moved from Klang to the more strategically advantageous Kuala Lumpur by the colonial administration, and Swettenham was appointed the Resident in 1882. Kuala Lumpur was a small town with buildings made of wood and atap (thatching) that were prone to burn. It suffered from many problems, including the Selangor Civil War which devastated the town; it was also plagued by diseases and constant fires and floods. The war and other setbacks led to a slump which lasted until 1879, when a rise in the price of tin allowed the town to recover.

 

In 1881, a flood swept through the town, following a fire that had engulfed it earlier. As a response, Frank Swettenham, the British Resident of Selangor, required that buildings be constructed of brick and tile.[33] Hence, Kapitan Yap Ah Loy bought a sprawling piece of real estate to set up a brick industry, which spurred the rebuilding of Kuala Lumpur. This place is the eponymous Brickfields. Hence, destroyed atap buildings were replaced with brick and tiled ones. He restructured the building layout of the city. Many of the new brick buildings mirrored those of shop houses in southern China, characterised by "five foot ways" as well as skilled Chinese carpentry work. This resulted in a distinct eclectic shop house architecture typical to this region. Kapitan Yap Ah Loy expand road access in the city significantly, linking up tin mines with the city, these roads include the main arterial roads of the present Ampang Road, Pudu Road and Petaling Street. As Chinese Kapitan, he was vested with wide powers on par with Malay community leaders. He implemented law reforms and introduced new legal measures. He also presided over a small claims court. With a police force of six, he was able to uphold the rule of law. He built a prison that could accommodate 60 prisoners at any time. Kapitan Yap Ah Loy also built Kuala Lumpur's first school and a major tapioca mill in Petaling Street of which the Selangor's Sultan Abdul Samad had an interest.

 

A railway line between Kuala Lumpur and Klang, initiated by Swettenham and completed in 1886, increased accessibility which resulted in the rapid growth of the town. The population grew from 4,500 in 1884 to 20,000 in 1890. As development intensified in the 1880s, it also put pressure on sanitation, waste disposal and other health issues. A Sanitary Board was created on 14 May 1890 which was responsible for sanitation, upkeep of roads, lighting of street and other functions. This would eventually became the Kuala Lumpur Municipal Council. Kuala Lumpur was only 0.65 km2 in 1895, but it expanded to 20 km2 in 1903, and by the time it became a municipality in 1948 it had expanded to 93 km2, and then to 243 km2 in 1974 as a Federal Territory. In 1896, Kuala Lumpur was chosen as the capital of the newly formed Federated Malay States. A mixture of different communities settled in various sections of Kuala Lumpur. The Chinese mainly settled around the commercial centre of Market Square, east of the Klang River, and towards Chinatown. The Malays, Indian Chettiars, and Indian Muslims resided along Java Street (now Jalan Tun Perak). The Padang, now known as Merdeka Square, was the centre of the British administrative offices.

 

During World War II, Kuala Lumpur was captured by the Imperial Japanese Army on 11 January 1942. They occupied the city until 15 August 1945, when the commander in chief of the Japanese Seventh Area Army in Singapore and Malaysia, Seishirō Itagaki, surrendered to the British administration following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Kuala Lumpur grew through the war, the rubber and tin commodity crashes and the Malayan Emergency, during which Malaya was preoccupied with the communist insurgency. In 1957, the Federation of Malaya gained its independence from British rule. Kuala Lumpur remained the capital through the formation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963.

 

On 13 May 1969, the worst race riots on record in Malaysia took place in Kuala Lumpur. The so-called 13 May Incident refers to the occurrence of violence between members of the Malay and the Chinese communities. The violence was the result of Malaysian Malays being dissatisfied with their socio-political status. The riots resulted in the deaths of 196 people, and led to major changes in the country's economic policy to promote and prioritise Malay economic development over that of the other ethnicities.

 

Kuala Lumpur later achieved city status in 1972, becoming the first settlement in Malaysia to be granted the status after independence. Later, on 1 February 1974, Kuala Lumpur became a Federal Territory. Kuala Lumpur ceased to be the capital of Selangor in 1978 after the city of Shah Alam was declared the new state capital. On 14 May 1990, Kuala Lumpur celebrated 100 years of local council. The new federal territory Kuala Lumpur flag and anthem were introduced. On 1 February 2001, Putrajaya was declared a Federal Territory, as well as the seat of the federal government. The administrative and judicial functions of the government were shifted from Kuala Lumpur to Putrajaya. Kuala Lumpur however still retained its legislative function, and remained the home of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Constitutional King).

 

GEOGRAPHY

The geography of Kuala Lumpur is characterised by the huge Klang Valley. The valley is bordered by the Titiwangsa Mountains in the east, several minor ranges in the north and the south and the Strait of Malacca in the west. Kuala Lumpur is a Malay term that translates to "muddy confluence" as it is located at the confluence of the Klang and Gombak rivers.

 

Located in the centre of Selangor state, Kuala Lumpur was previously under the rule of Selangor State Government. In 1974, Kuala Lumpur was separated from Selangor to form the first Federal Territory governed directly by the Malaysian Federal Government. Its location on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, which has wider flat land than the east coast, has contributed to its faster development relative to other cities in Malaysia. The municipality of the city covers an area of 243 km2, with an average elevation of 21.95 m.

 

CLOMATE AND WEATHER

Protected by the Titiwangsa Mountains in the east and Indonesia's Sumatra Island in the west, Kuala Lumpur has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen climate classification Af), which is warm and sunny, along with abundant rainfall, especially during the northeast monsoon season from October to March. Temperatures tend to remain constant. Maximums hover between 32 and 33 °C and have never exceeded 38.5 °C, while minimums hover between 23.4 and 24.6 °C and have never fallen below 14.4 °C. Kuala Lumpur typically receives minimum 2,600 mm of rain annually; June and July are relatively dry, but even then rainfall typically exceeds 131 millimetres per month.

 

Flooding is a frequent occurrence in Kuala Lumpur whenever there is a heavy downpour, especially in the city centre and downstream areas. Smoke from forest fires of nearby Sumatra sometimes cast a haze over the region. It is a major source of pollution in the city together with open burning, emission from motor vehicles and construction work.

 

POLITICS

Kuala Lumpur is home to the Parliament of Malaysia. The hierarchy of authority in Malaysia, in accordance with the Federal Constitution, has stipulated the three branches, of the Malaysian government as consisting of the Executive, Judiciary and Legislative branches. The Parliament consists of the Dewan Negara (Upper House / House of Senate) and Dewan Rakyat (Lower House / House of Representatives).

 

ECONOMY

Kuala Lumpur and its surrounding urban areas form the most industrialised and economically, the fastest growing region in Malaysia. Despite the relocation of federal government administration to Putrajaya, certain government institutions such as Bank Negara Malaysia (National Bank of Malaysia), Companies Commission of Malaysia and Securities Commission as well as most embassies and diplomatic missions have remained in the city.

 

The city remains as the economic and business centre of the country. Kuala Lumpur is a centre for finance, insurance, real estate, media and the arts of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur is rated as an alpha world city, and is the only global city in Malaysia, according to the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC). The infrastructure development in the surrounding areas such as the Kuala Lumpur International Airport at Sepang, the creation of the Multimedia Super Corridor and the expansion of Port Klang further reinforce the economic significance of the city.

 

Bursa Malaysia or the Malaysia Exchange is based in the city and forms one of its core economic activities. As of 5 July 2013, the market capitalisation stood at US$505.67 billion.

 

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for Kuala Lumpur is estimated at RM73,536 million in 2008 with an average annual growth rate of 5.9 percent.[66] The per capita GDP for Kuala Lumpur in 2013 is RM79,752 with an average annual growth rate of 5.6 percent. The total employment in Kuala Lumpur is estimated at around 838,400. The service sector comprising finance, insurance, real estate, business services, wholesale and retail trade, restaurants and hotels, transport, storage and communication, utilities, personal services and government services form the largest component of employment representing about 83.0 percent of the total. The remaining 17 percent comes from manufacturing and construction.

 

The average monthly household income for Kuala Lumpur was RM4,105 (USD 1,324) in 1999, up from RM3,371 (USD 1,087) four years prior, making it 66% higher than the national average. In terms of household income distribution, 23.5% of households in the city earned more than RM5,000 (USD 1,613) per month compared to 9.8% for the entire country, while 8.1% earned less than RM1,000 (USD 323) a month.

 

The large service sector is evident in the number of local and foreign banks and insurance companies operating in the city. Kuala Lumpur is poised to become the global Islamic Financing hub with an increasing number of financial institutions providing Islamic Financing and the strong presence of Gulf's financial institutions such as the world's largest Islamic bank, Al-Rajhi Bank and Kuwait Finance House. Apart from that, the Dow Jones & Company is keen to work with Bursa Malaysia to set up Islamic Exchange Trade Funds (ETFs), which would help raise Malaysia's profile in the Gulf. The city has a large number of foreign corporations and is also host to many multi national companies' regional offices or support centres, particularly for finance and accounting, and information technology functions. Most of the countries' largest companies have their headquarters based here and as of December 2007 and excluding Petronas, there are 14 companies that are listed in Forbes 2000 based in Kuala Lumpur.

 

Other important economic activities in the city are education and health services. Kuala Lumpur also has advantages stemming from the high concentration of educational institutions that provide a wide-ranging of courses. Numerous public and private medical specialist centres and hospitals in the city offer general health services, and a wide range of specialist surgery and treatment that caters to locals and tourists.

 

There has been growing emphasis to expand the economic scope of the city into other service activities, such as research and development, which supports the rest of the economy of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur has been home for years to important research centres such as the Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia, the Forest Research Institute Malaysia and the Institute of Medical Research and more research centres are expected to be established in the coming years.

 

DEMOGRAPHICS

Kuala Lumpur is the most populous city in Malaysia, with a population of 1.6 million in the city proper as of 2010. It has a population density of 6,696 inhabitants per square kilometre , and is the most densely populated administrative district in Malaysia. Residents of the city are colloquially known as KLites. Kuala Lumpur is also the centre of the wider Klang Valley conurbation (covering Petaling Jaya, Klang, Subang Jaya, Shah Alam, Gombak and others) which has an estimated metropolitan population of 7.2–7.5 million as of 2012.

 

Kuala Lumpur's heterogeneous populace includes the country's three major ethnic groups: the Malays, the Chinese and the Indians, although the city also has a mix of different cultures including Eurasians, as well as Kadazans, Ibans and other indigenous races from East Malaysia and Peninsula Malaysia.

 

Historically Kuala Lumpur was a predominantly Chinese, but recently the Bumiputra component of the city has increased substantially and they are now the dominant group. Most of Malays who considered as Bumiputra came from Sumatra and other parts of Indonesia archipelago. The majority of them Javanese, Minangkabaus and Buginese began arriving in Kuala Lumpur in the mid 19th century, in addition to Acehnese who arrived in the late 20th century. The population of Kuala Lumpur was estimated to be around three thousand in 1880 when it was made the capital of Selangor. In the following decade which saw the rebuilding of the town it showed considerable increase, due in large part to the construction of a railway line in 1886 connecting Kuala Lumpur and Klang.

 

A census in 1891 of uncertain accuracy gave a figure of 43,796 inhabitants, 79% of whom were Chinese (71% of the Chinese were Hakka), 14% Malay, and 6% Indian. Another estimate put the population of Kuala Lumpur in 1890 at 20,000. In 1931, 61% of Kuala Lumpur's 111,418 inhabitants were Chinese, and in 1947 63.5%. The Malays however began to settle in the Kuala Lumpur in significant numbers, in part due to government employment, as well as the expansion of the city that absorbed the surrounding rural areas where many Malays lived. between 1947 and 1957 the population of Bumiputras in Kuala Lumpur doubled, increasing from 12.5 to 15%, while the proportion of Chinese dropped. The process continued after Malayan independence with the growth of a largely Malay civil service, and later the implementation of the New Economic Policy which encouraged Malay participation in urban industries and business. In 1980 the population of Kuala Lumpur had reached over a million, with 52% Chinese, 33% Malay, and 15% Indian. From 1980 to 2000 the number of Bumiputras increased by 77%, but the Chinese still outnumbered the Bumiputras in Kuala Lumpur in the 2000 census at 43% compared to Bumiputras at 38%. By the 2010 census, according to the Department of Statistics and excluding non-citizens, the percentage of the Bumiputera population in Kuala Lumpur has reached around 45.9%, with the Chinese population at 43.2% and Indians 10.3%.A notable phenomenon in recent times has been the increase of foreign residents in Kuala Lumpur, which rose from 1% of the city's population in 1980 to about 8% in the 2000 census, and 9.4% in the 2010 census. These figures also do not include a significant number of illegal immigrants. Kuala Lumpur's rapid development has triggered a huge influx of low-skilled foreign workers from Indonesia, Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Philippines, and Vietnam into Malaysia, many of whom enter the country illegally or without proper permits.Birth rates in Kuala Lumpur have declined and resulted in the lower proportion of young people falling below 15 years old category from 33% in 1980 to slightly less than 27% in 2000.[69] On the other hand, the working age group of 15–59 increased from 63% in 1980 to 67% in 2000. The elderly age group, 60 years old and above has increased from 4% in 1980 and 1991 to 6% in 2000.

 

Kuala Lumpur is pluralistic and religiously diverse. The city has many places of worship catering to the multi-religious population. Islam is practised primarily by the Malays and the Indian Muslim communities. Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism are practised mainly among the Chinese. Indians traditionally adhere to Hinduism. Some Chinese and Indians also subscribe to Christianity.

 

As of 2010 Census the population of Kuala Lumpur is 46.4% Muslim, 35.7% Buddhist, 8.5% Hindu, 5.8% Christian, 1.1% Taoist or Chinese religion adherent, 2.0% follower of other religions, and 0.5% non-religious.

 

Bahasa Malaysia is the principal language in Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur residents are generally literate in English, with a large proportion adopting it as their first language. It has a strong presence, especially in business and is a compulsory language taught in schools. Cantonese and Mandarin are prominent as they are spoken by the local majority Chinese population. Another major dialect spoken is Hakka. While Tamil is dominant amongst the local Indian population, other Indian languages spoken include Telugu, Malayalam, Punjabi and Hindi. Beside the Malay language, there are a variety of languages spoken by Indonesian descent, such as Minangkabau and Javanese.

 

EDUCATION

According to government statistics, Kuala Lumpur has a literacy rate of 97.5% in 2000, the highest rate in any state or territory in Malaysia. In Malaysia, Malay is the language of instruction for most subjects while English is a compulsory subject, but as of 2012, English is still the language of instruction for mathematics and the natural sciences for certain schools. Some schools provide Mandarin and Tamil as languages of instruction for certain subjects. Each level of education demands different skills of teaching and learning ability.Kuala Lumpur contains 13 tertiary education institutions, 79 high schools, 155 elementary schools and 136 kindergartens.

 

WIKIPEDIA

Location map for the Arctic Ocean

 

Image: Public Domain

 

We have used this photo in this article:

The Largest Oceans In The World

 

Up until recently there were four official oceans in the World - the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Arctic Ocean - but this changed in 1990, when the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) designated the Antarctic Ocean (also know as the Southern Ocean) as an independent ocean. It encircles Antarctica, below the 60° Southern line of latitude, but before this declaration, many geographers believed that this part of the World Ocean was just the bottom part of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans combined. Many still believe this to be the case, but the IHO have based their decision on the water of the Antarctic Ocean being very different to the waters of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans in that general area.

 

The largest ocean on the planet is the Pacific Ocean, which covers about 28% of the surface of our planet. It's total size is greater than the size of all the World's land mass added together, and it is the source of over half of the sea food which we humans consume. The deepest point under all of the oceans is the Mariana Trench in the north-west Pacific, which drops to a depth of 10,911 metres (35,800 ft), and the planet's oceans cover over 70% of it's surface area in total, an estimated 360,000,000 sq km (140,000,000 sq miles)……..

 

The local Coop in Radstock has moved to new premises, albeit temporarily, as the old store is redeveloped.

 

First's Bath depot had vacated the area, with routes operated by Bristol, and mainly by Wells depot. However, Covid changes mean Bath now operate extensively with B9TL 36232 BD12TCV seen on an evening journey.

Another view, a bit closer and in another position, of the armadillo!

Forbes positioned it fifth in the rundown of the most lavish VIP child photographs. Has Christina Aguilera plastic surgery like Lady Gaga and Kylie Jenner?

 

gossipmagazines.net/christina-aguilera-net-worth/

Olympus PEN E-PL3 + 14-42 R II

This young tiger also had a very nice position on the platform!

This very short slide show illustrates the effect of varying the angle of a key light on a subject. I made this video for the Strobist 102 (2012) assignment "light position, angle."

 

The video is a sequence of shots of my little Degas bronze statuette, each taken from a fixed camera position as I rotated a single flash around the compass headings. The flash was fired through a DIY (black straw) grid from about 35 degrees above the subject. The flash was set to give me an f/6.3 incident light reading at the subject position. I held the flash power and flash-subject distance constant throughout the exercise.

 

I've started a photography blog. You can check it out at

www.eriksphotoblog.blogspot.com

the geometry of the positions of the men in the foreground and each of their actions highlighting three different phases of throwing,vis-a-vis introspection,readying and inally trowing the net, effectively caught in their postures..

View On Black

66722 is perfectly positioned for this shot as it heads west to an unknown destination. It carries the short lived livery of Metronet Renewing the Tube where at the time GBRf had the contract for move materials for London Underground.

 

Crawling up the relief line is DBs 60018 with 6G77 1145 Burton on Trent to Bescot with a nice consist of 10 SPAs and 6 IHAs.

My notes say Bescot but unless its running via New Street its going the wrong way.

 

60018 has been sold by DB and was acquired by GBRf as a source of spares. It still resides at Toton depot.

 

Washwood Heath yard is full of car carrier wagons with the elevated M6 full of HGVs. The former Dunlop Building is just visible in the far right background.

Richmond Castle in Richmond, North Yorkshire, England, stands in a commanding position above the River Swale, close to the centre of the town of Richmond. It was originally called Riche Mount, 'the strong hill'. The castle was constructed from 1071 onwards following the Norman Conquest of England, and the Domesday Book of 1086 refers to 'a castlery' at Richmond.

 

In 1069 William the Conqueror had put down a rebellion at York which was followed by his "harrying of the North" – an act of ethnic cleansing which depopulated large areas for a generation or more. As a further punishment, he divided up the lands of north Yorkshire among his most loyal followers. Alan Rufus, of Brittany, received the borough of Richmond and began constructing the castle to defend against further rebellions and to establish a personal power base. His holdings, called the Honour of Richmond, covered parts of eight counties and amounted to one of the most extensive Norman estates in England. The Dukes of Brittany became the owners of the castle as Earls of Richmond though it was often confiscated for various periods by English Kings.

 

A 100-foot (30 m)-high keep of honey-coloured sandstone was constructed at the end of the 12th century by Duke Conan IV of Brittany. The Earldom of Richmond was seized in 1158 by Henry II of England. It was King Henry II who probably completed the keep which had 11-foot (3.4 m)-thick walls. Modern visitors can climb to the top of the keep for magnificent views of the town of Richmond. At the same time that the keep was probably completed, Henry II considerably strengthened the castle by adding towers and a barbican. Henry III and King Edward I spent more money on the site including Edward's improvements to the keep interior.

 

In addition to the main circuit of the wall, there was the barbican in front of the main gate which functioned as a sealed entry space, allowing visitors and wagons to be checked before they gained entry to the castle itself. On the other side of the castle, overlooking the river, was another enclosure or bailey called the Cockpit, which may have functioned as a garden and was overlooked by a balcony. A drawing of 1674 suggests there was another longer balcony overlooking the river side of Scolland's Hall, the Great Hall.

 

Richmond Castle had fallen out of use as a fortress by the end of the 14th century and it did not receive major improvements after that date. A survey of 1538 shows it was partly in ruins, but paintings by Turner and others, together with the rise of tourism and an interest in antiquities, led to repairs to the keep in the early 19th century.

In 1855 the castle became the headquarters of the North Yorkshire Militia, and a military barracks block was constructed in the great courtyard. For two years, from 1908 to 1910, the castle was the home of Robert Baden-Powell, later founder of the Boy Scouts, while he commanded the Northern Territorial Army but the barracks building was demolished in 1931.

The castle was used during the First World War as the base of the Non-Combatant Corps made up of conscientious objectors – conscripts who refused to fight. It was also used to imprison some conscientious objectors who refused to accept army discipline and participate in the war in any way. These included the "Richmond Sixteen" who were taken to France from the castle, charged under Field Regulations, and then sentenced to death, but their death sentences were commuted to ten years' hard labour.

 

As presented today Richmond Castle has one of the finest examples of Norman buildings in Britain including Scollands Hall, the Great Hall of the castle. The keep has a restored roof and floors but is shown with the original 11th-century main gate arch unblocked. This arch is now in the basement of the later 12th century keep which was built in front of it, the main gate then being moved to its present position which was dominated by the adjacent keep while the original arch we see today was filled-in to secure the keep.

 

The castle is a Scheduled Monument, a "nationally important" historic building and archaeological site which has been given protection against unauthorised change. It is also a Grade I listed building and therefore recognised as an internationally important structure. Today the castle is in the care of English Heritage which publishes a guidebook written by John Goodall PhD FSA. English Heritage provides a visitor centre for the castle with an informative exhibition containing artefacts form the castles history, they also hold regular events there throughout the year.

According to legend, King Arthur and his knights are sleeping in a cave underneath the castle. It is said that they were once discovered by a potter named Thompson, who ran away when they began to awake. Another legend tells that a drummer boy was lost while investigating an underground tunnel, and that his ghostly drumming is sometimes heard around the castle.

 

Richmond Castle consists of four main parts: a triangular main enclosure, an outer enclosure to the east, a keep at the northern corner of the main enclosure, and a small enclosure around the keep.

Canada Day beach life is good.

Annalie - thanks for the pic.

(inside turn from open position, cha-cha instructor in the background)

This O Route NABI came up rather quick while the P Route NABI had to hold back for the crosswalk.

 

3029 is a is a 1998 built NABI while 3055 is a 1999 built NABI. Both of these busses have newer counterparts on the AC Transit System that are "low floor models" as well.

 

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