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On glorious days like this, one flag isn't really enough!
Anyway, it's free-of-charge, given by the soldiers and policemen around!
★Fujifilm X-M1, Fujifilm Fujinon XF 55-200mm F3.5-4.8 R LM OIS
My photos are available as stock photos through: iStock | Getty
Follow me on: Twitter | Facebook
Or visit me here: www.facesbyling.com
Thank you all! ありがとうございました! 谢谢大家! Grazie a tutti! Terima kasih semua!
Sunny scene with a row of Terraced Houses in Brighton, East Sussex - each painted in a variety different of colours.
Pose MHOH3 #17 - momomuller MHOH3-0410_sit_m_7
At S.I.C49
maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/sick/219/134/28
* No retouch *
Kompleks Candi Gedongsongo
Memiliki BioEnergy Terbaik di Asia
> Kompleks Candi Gedongsongo
yang terletak di lereng Gunung
Ungaran
Kabupaten Semarang, berada pada ketinggian 1.800 meter
diatas
permukaan laut. Di kawasan
cagar budaya Candi Gedongsongo
yang bersuhu
rata-rata 20 s/d 30 derajat celcius..bahkan bisa lebih dr
ituini ternyata memiliki bio
energi terbaik di Asia.
> Bioenergi di kawasan ini bahkan
lebih baik dari yang berada di
pegunungan Tibet atau
pegunungan lain di Asia. Pernyataan ini muncul
dari seorang pengusaha
sekaligus anggota pernafasan
Daya Putih asal
Australia Dr. Ny Jennet.
> Jennet yang memiliki 12 jaringan usaha di Eropa dan
Australia harus
menyempatkan diri berkeliling
Asia untuk sekedar menghirup
udara yang
bersih. Setelah mencoba menghirup udara bersih di
beberapa pegunungan
di Asia, dia menemukan udara
yang mengandung bioenergi
terbaik, yaitu
di Geongsongo. > Mengapa Jennet harus susah
payah mencari udara bersih
sampai
keliling Asia ? kata dia, bioenergi
yang bersih sangat penting
untuk memberikan kebugaran. Selain
itu, setelah kit amenghirup
bioenergi ini
dapat memberikan kesegaran di
pikiran sehingga memunculkan
ide-ide segar. Hal ini akan sangat
membantu memberkan kemajuan
dan
meningkatkan kualitas hidup.
>
> Nama Gedongsongo > Lokasi komplek Candi
Gedongsongo sangat mudah
dijangkau. Tepatnya
berada pada jarak sekitar 15 km
dari kota Kabupaten Semarang
Jawa Tengah. Dapat dicapai lewat
Kecamatan Ambarawa Kab.
Semarang atau dari
kota Kabupaten Semarang. Dua
jalur tersebut akan bertemu di
satu tempat wisata Bandungan yang
jaraknya tinggal 5 km menuju
Gedongsongo.
> Selain terdapat bangunan
Candi yang berjumlah sembilan
unit, di sekitar lokasi dikelilingi hutan
Pinus milik Perhutani. Candi-candi
tersebut sampai kini belum
diketahui kapan dan siapa
pembuat bangunan
tersebut. Karena di semua bangunan candi tidak terdapat
prasasti apapun.
> Komplek candi ini mulai dikenal
sejak ditemukan oleh Raffles
pada
tahun 1804. Ketika itu komplek candi ini dinamai ''Gedong pitoe''
''rena saat ditemukan terdapat
tujuh komplek bangunan candi.
Sejak
penemuan Raffles, komplek candi
di lereng Gunung Ungaran ini terus
diteliti, baik oleh para arkeolog
dari Belanda pada masa itu
maupun
dari arkeolog Indonesia. Dalam
perjalanan tersebut ternyata ditemukan
komplek bangunan candi yang
berjumlah sembilan unit, maka
selanjutnya
komplek Candi ini dinamai Candi
Gedongsongo. > Nama Gedongsongo berasal dari
bahasa Jawa, dari suku kata
Gedong
berarti rumah dan songo berarti
sembilan. Gedongsongo secara
harafiah diartikan sebagai sembilan rumah
dewa. Karena candi yag terletak
di
ketinggian dianggap sebagai
tempat pemujaan.
> Hanya saja dari sembilan komplek bangunan candi yang
ada di lokasi
tersebut, terdapat lima
bangunan yang masih utuh
bentuk bangunannya.
Sedangkan empat bangunan lainnya tinggal pondasi dan
reruntuhan
bangunannya saja.
>
> Candi Hindu untuk Makam
> Para sejarawan sampai saat ini belum dapat memastikan kapan
candi
itu dibangun dan siapa pendiri
komplek candi Gedongsongo.
Namun
melihat bentuk arsitektur candi, terutama bentuk bingkai kaki
candi,
dapat disimpulkan bangunan
candi ini sejaman dengan komplek
candi
Dieng. Kemungkinan candi ini dibangun sekitar abad VIII M,
pada masa
pemerintahan Dinasti Sanjaya.
Hanya saja siapa nama raja
pendirinya
belum dapat diketahui. > Candi Gedongsongo berlatar
belakang agama hindu, hal ini
dapat
dilihat dari arca-arca yang
menempati relung-relung candi.
Misalnya arca Ciwa Mahadewa, Ciwa
Mahaguru, Ganeca, Dhurga
Nahisasuramardhini,
Nandiswara dan Mahakala.
> Menurut Pakar tentang Candi
Evi Saraswati menyebutkan bangunan candi
di Indonesia dapat dibedakan
menjadi dua tipe. Yaitu candi
Hindu dan
Candi Budha. Ciri umum dari
kedua tipe tersebut terletak pada bentuk
bangunan. Candi Hindu cenderung
ramping, lancip dan tinggi.
Sedangkan
Candi Budha berbentuk bulat dan
besar seperti candi Borobudur. > Dilihat dari fungsinya candi juga
dibedakan menjadi dua fungsi,
yaitu candi sebagai tempat
pemujaan atau ibadah dan candi
yang dipakai
sebagai tempat pemakaman. Sedangkan candi yang berada di
komplek
Gedongsongo ini diperkirakan
merupakan candi untuk
pemakaman. Karena
pada saat ditemukan di sekitar candi banyak terdapat abu.
Sangat
mungkin abu ini merupakan
bekas pembakaran orang yang
meninggal.
Sesuai ajaran Hindu orang yang meninggal biasanya dibakar.
> Bangunan candi yang masih
utuh bentuknya kini tinggal lima
bangunan,
yaitu candi I, II, III, IV dan V. Candi
I terdiri satu bangunan dan masih utuh, candi II terdiri dua
bangunan bangunan induk masih
utuh
dan satunya lagi tidak utuh.
Candi III terdiri dari tiga
bangunan yang semuanya masih utuh. Candi IV
terdapat empat bangunan candi,
tetapi
tinggal satu bangunan candi saja
yang masih utuh. Sedangkan
Candi V tampat bekas-bekas pondasi
candi yang menunjukkan bahwa
di sana dahulu
banyak sekali bangunan candi.
Tetapi sekarang tinggal satu
bangunan candi induk yang masih utuh.
Candi VI, VII, VIII dan IX sekarang
sudah
tidak jelas lagi sisa-sisanya,
karena beberapa reruntuhan
bangunan yang terdapat di sana banyak
yang diamankan. Demikian pula
beberapa
arca juga disimpan oleh Suaka
Peninggalan Sejarah dan
Purbakala Jawa Tengah.
Backed by the Governor, legislators, police, educators, clergy, community activists, Attorney General Matt Denn proposed a multi-faceted plan to allocate money from a financial crisis settlement Wednesday, designed to have a profound impact on some of Delaware’s most economically distressed and crime-stricken communities.
Funded by settlements with Bank of America and Citi to resolve allegations of actions with respect to investments that contributed to the financial crash, “Lifting Up Delaware’s Communities” consists of three main components: Investing in people and neighborhoods, providing help to our high-poverty schools, and promoting affordable housing and development in economically impacted areas.
“We believe that this ambitious investment in Delaware’s economically impacted communities has the potential to transform parts of our state,” said Attorney General Matt Denn, “and we have faith it will have a real impact on people who desperately need help.”
Governor Markell noted the plan supports efforts in some of the highest need areas of the state, which can then serve to enhance all of Delaware. “Thriving cities shelter their people in safe and comfortable homes,” Markell said. “They support vibrant neighborhoods, and that allows businesses to prosper, and it also lures visitors as well.”
The details of Lifting Up Delaware’s Communities are as follows:
1.Investing In People and Neighborhoods. An investment of almost $16 million in programs to help youth succeed, provide treatment for Delawareans with substance abuse disorder, help inmates being released from our prisons to avoid re-offending and going back to jail, and fund a variety of policing and other enrichment activities for economically impacted communities. Specifically:
a. Substance Abuse Treatment. Proposing $3 million be spent over a period of three years to establish additional treatment facilities for persons suffering from substance abuse disorder or related conditions.
b. After-School and Summer Programs. Proposing $3 million be spent over three years for summer and after-school programs targeted at children from economically disadvantaged neighborhoods.
c. Prison Re-Entry Programs. Proposing $3 million be spent over three years to provide competitive grants to non-profit organizations that assist persons being released from correctional facilities in Delaware to avoid new criminal offenses.
d. Community Policing and Community Support. Proposing $5.9 million be allocated to the state’s Neighborhood Building Blocks Fund, which can make grants for a broad array of government and non-profit efforts to support economically impacted neighborhoods. The fund currently has $1 million available from a prior bank settlement. One example of a potential use of these funds is the Wilmington neighborhood foot patrol initiative that the Department of Justice and the City of Wilmington are about to propose to the Fund. We are also proposing that $1 million of the funds be used to continue the existence of the Department of Justice’s Crime Strategies Unit, which is designed to address underlying causes of crime in economically disadvantaged areas (such as abating nuisance properties).
2.Providing Help to Our High-Poverty Schools. Proposing to invest almost $5 million in adding teachers and paraprofessionals for the 16 elementary schools in Delaware with the highest percentage of low-income students. Each of the following elementary schools would receive $300,000 over a three year period to hire additional teachers or paraprofessionals to provide additional assistance with their students:
Brittingham Elementary (Cape Henlopen School District)
East Dover Elementary (Capital School District)
Towne Point Elementary (Capital School District)
Bancroft Elementary (Christina School District)
Elbert Palmer Elementary (Christina School District)
Pulaski Elementary (Christina School District)
Stubbs Elementary (Christina School District),
Eisenberg Elementary (Colonial School District)
Colwyck Elementary (Colonial School District),
Dunbar Elementary (Laurel School District)
Highlands Elementary (Red Clay School District)
Lewis Dual Language Elementary (Red Clay School District)
Richardson Park Elementary (Red Clay School District)
Shortlidge Elementary (Red Clay School District)
Warner Elementary (Red Clay School District)
West Seaford Elementary (Seaford School District)
3.Promoting Affordable Housing and Development In Economically Impacted Areas. Proposing to invest almost $16 million in efforts to promote affordable housing and economic development in economically impacted areas of the state. Specifically:
a. Foreclosure Prevention. Proposing to direct $1.5 million to the Delaware Mortgage Assistance Program to help Delaware homeowners prevent foreclosures on their primary properties.
b. Affordable Housing. Proposing to dedicate over $10 million to the Delaware State Housing Authority’s Strong Neighborhoods Revolving Housing Fund which is dedicated to the creation of affordable housing in economically impacted areas.
c. Economic Development in Low Income Areas. Proposing to devote almost $4 million to the Downtown Development Districts Program, half of which would be used to provide down payment assistance to homeowners willing to purchase homes in those districts.
The settlement of multistate investigations into the actions by Bank of America and Citi, in addition to providing direct relief to some homeowners and the state’s pension funds, has resulted in the state having $36,615,801 that it is permitted to spend to (a) remediate harm the state suffered from the mortgage and financial crisis, and (b) improve housing. Given the nature of the settlement, the settlement funds are not meant to be used to simply supplant existing state programs or for programs that do not target economically impacted areas or individuals.
“In the past, the Attorney General’s Office has independently exercised its common law authority to distribute lawsuit settlement funds,” said Attorney General Matt Denn. “But given the unprecedented sum of money involved in this settlement, we believe it is a sound practice to consult with the Governor and General Assembly regarding the expenditure of the funds.”
The Attorney General has already consulted with the Governor and obtained his agreement regarding the use of the funds, and will now seek to enter into a similar agreement with the General Assembly’s Joint Finance Committee.
Addressing high poverty schools is supported by educators across the state. Equetta Jones, a fourth grade teacher at Warner Elementary School in Wilmington, looks forward to the opportunities the school funding will bring. “So many people think our children don’t want to learn. They do want to learn, they are inspired to learn, and they are me. I am a prodigy of city schools,” Jones said. “Our teachers are capable but we do need resources, and this funding will actually support us by giving us additional staff.”
Colonel Elmer Setting, Chief of the New Castle County Police, believes education is a key component to substance abuse treatment. “It’s normally the message from law enforcement that we must find drug dealers and arrest them,” Setting said. “We’ve done that, but the prisons are full and forced sobriety is not the answer. Education is the only way out.”
Several elected officials representing the city of Wilmington offered support to the initiative.
“This proposal to invest in some of our hardest hit communities is a balanced one that is important to our citizens and to our effort to reduce violent crime,” said Senator Margaret Rose Henry. “Not only should we make these investments, but given the violence that we are seeing in our neighborhoods, we should make them sooner rather than later.”
“We can argue about what money should be spent where, but it’s difficult for me not to agree with conceptually where this money is being spent,” said New Castle County Councilman Jea Street. “The fact of the matter is, if you look at housing, the highest foreclosure rate in the state is in my council district in the city. The city is in trouble and it needs help.”
Wilmington City Council President Theo Gregory thanked the Attorney General for acting so quickly. “I wanted to thank and express my appreciation for the foresight in the recognition that there’s an urgency to get started, and that Matt Denn hit the ground running,” Gregory said.
The Joint Finance Committee is expected to address the proposal in early February.
Dawn over the Atlantic yields multi-layered colors of orange, yellow, violet and blue before the sunrises in the east off Singer Island.
i was stood on the millenium bridge to take this one loved the colours so thought i would try and capture the reflections
F/8 @ 6 seconds ISO 100 @ 19mm
My first multi-layer edit. Quite bad. No layer adjustment and way too much processing (using Pixelmator and snapseed)...
Should be considered as a cautionary tale...
The U.S. Capitol Exterior Stone and Metal Preservation Project is a multi-phased project designed to address deferred maintenance, extend the life expectancy of the deteriorated stone and to replace missing elements of the U.S. Capitol Building.
Details at www.aoc.gov/stone/capitol.
-----
This official Architect of the Capitol photograph is being made available for educational, scholarly, news or personal purposes (not advertising or any other commercial use). When any of these images is used the photographic credit line should read “Architect of the Capitol.” These images may not be used in any way that would imply endorsement by the Architect of the Capitol or the United States Congress of a product, service or point of view. For more information visit www.aoc.gov/terms.
Reference: 20220422_065125_TH
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Kompleks Candi Gedongsongo
Memiliki BioEnergy Terbaik di Asia
> Kompleks Candi Gedongsongo
yang terletak di lereng Gunung
Ungaran
Kabupaten Semarang, berada pada ketinggian 1.800 meter
diatas
permukaan laut. Di kawasan
cagar budaya Candi Gedongsongo
yang bersuhu
rata-rata 20 s/d 30 derajat celcius..bahkan bisa lebih dr
ituini ternyata memiliki bio
energi terbaik di Asia.
> Bioenergi di kawasan ini bahkan
lebih baik dari yang berada di
pegunungan Tibet atau
pegunungan lain di Asia. Pernyataan ini muncul
dari seorang pengusaha
sekaligus anggota pernafasan
Daya Putih asal
Australia Dr. Ny Jennet.
> Jennet yang memiliki 12 jaringan usaha di Eropa dan
Australia harus
menyempatkan diri berkeliling
Asia untuk sekedar menghirup
udara yang
bersih. Setelah mencoba menghirup udara bersih di
beberapa pegunungan
di Asia, dia menemukan udara
yang mengandung bioenergi
terbaik, yaitu
di Geongsongo. > Mengapa Jennet harus susah
payah mencari udara bersih
sampai
keliling Asia ? kata dia, bioenergi
yang bersih sangat penting
untuk memberikan kebugaran. Selain
itu, setelah kit amenghirup
bioenergi ini
dapat memberikan kesegaran di
pikiran sehingga memunculkan
ide-ide segar. Hal ini akan sangat
membantu memberkan kemajuan
dan
meningkatkan kualitas hidup.
>
> Nama Gedongsongo > Lokasi komplek Candi
Gedongsongo sangat mudah
dijangkau. Tepatnya
berada pada jarak sekitar 15 km
dari kota Kabupaten Semarang
Jawa Tengah. Dapat dicapai lewat
Kecamatan Ambarawa Kab.
Semarang atau dari
kota Kabupaten Semarang. Dua
jalur tersebut akan bertemu di
satu tempat wisata Bandungan yang
jaraknya tinggal 5 km menuju
Gedongsongo.
> Selain terdapat bangunan
Candi yang berjumlah sembilan
unit, di sekitar lokasi dikelilingi hutan
Pinus milik Perhutani. Candi-candi
tersebut sampai kini belum
diketahui kapan dan siapa
pembuat bangunan
tersebut. Karena di semua bangunan candi tidak terdapat
prasasti apapun.
> Komplek candi ini mulai dikenal
sejak ditemukan oleh Raffles
pada
tahun 1804. Ketika itu komplek candi ini dinamai ''Gedong pitoe''
''rena saat ditemukan terdapat
tujuh komplek bangunan candi.
Sejak
penemuan Raffles, komplek candi
di lereng Gunung Ungaran ini terus
diteliti, baik oleh para arkeolog
dari Belanda pada masa itu
maupun
dari arkeolog Indonesia. Dalam
perjalanan tersebut ternyata ditemukan
komplek bangunan candi yang
berjumlah sembilan unit, maka
selanjutnya
komplek Candi ini dinamai Candi
Gedongsongo. > Nama Gedongsongo berasal dari
bahasa Jawa, dari suku kata
Gedong
berarti rumah dan songo berarti
sembilan. Gedongsongo secara
harafiah diartikan sebagai sembilan rumah
dewa. Karena candi yag terletak
di
ketinggian dianggap sebagai
tempat pemujaan.
> Hanya saja dari sembilan komplek bangunan candi yang
ada di lokasi
tersebut, terdapat lima
bangunan yang masih utuh
bentuk bangunannya.
Sedangkan empat bangunan lainnya tinggal pondasi dan
reruntuhan
bangunannya saja.
>
> Candi Hindu untuk Makam
> Para sejarawan sampai saat ini belum dapat memastikan kapan
candi
itu dibangun dan siapa pendiri
komplek candi Gedongsongo.
Namun
melihat bentuk arsitektur candi, terutama bentuk bingkai kaki
candi,
dapat disimpulkan bangunan
candi ini sejaman dengan komplek
candi
Dieng. Kemungkinan candi ini dibangun sekitar abad VIII M,
pada masa
pemerintahan Dinasti Sanjaya.
Hanya saja siapa nama raja
pendirinya
belum dapat diketahui. > Candi Gedongsongo berlatar
belakang agama hindu, hal ini
dapat
dilihat dari arca-arca yang
menempati relung-relung candi.
Misalnya arca Ciwa Mahadewa, Ciwa
Mahaguru, Ganeca, Dhurga
Nahisasuramardhini,
Nandiswara dan Mahakala.
> Menurut Pakar tentang Candi
Evi Saraswati menyebutkan bangunan candi
di Indonesia dapat dibedakan
menjadi dua tipe. Yaitu candi
Hindu dan
Candi Budha. Ciri umum dari
kedua tipe tersebut terletak pada bentuk
bangunan. Candi Hindu cenderung
ramping, lancip dan tinggi.
Sedangkan
Candi Budha berbentuk bulat dan
besar seperti candi Borobudur. > Dilihat dari fungsinya candi juga
dibedakan menjadi dua fungsi,
yaitu candi sebagai tempat
pemujaan atau ibadah dan candi
yang dipakai
sebagai tempat pemakaman. Sedangkan candi yang berada di
komplek
Gedongsongo ini diperkirakan
merupakan candi untuk
pemakaman. Karena
pada saat ditemukan di sekitar candi banyak terdapat abu.
Sangat
mungkin abu ini merupakan
bekas pembakaran orang yang
meninggal.
Sesuai ajaran Hindu orang yang meninggal biasanya dibakar.
> Bangunan candi yang masih
utuh bentuknya kini tinggal lima
bangunan,
yaitu candi I, II, III, IV dan V. Candi
I terdiri satu bangunan dan masih utuh, candi II terdiri dua
bangunan bangunan induk masih
utuh
dan satunya lagi tidak utuh.
Candi III terdiri dari tiga
bangunan yang semuanya masih utuh. Candi IV
terdapat empat bangunan candi,
tetapi
tinggal satu bangunan candi saja
yang masih utuh. Sedangkan
Candi V tampat bekas-bekas pondasi
candi yang menunjukkan bahwa
di sana dahulu
banyak sekali bangunan candi.
Tetapi sekarang tinggal satu
bangunan candi induk yang masih utuh.
Candi VI, VII, VIII dan IX sekarang
sudah
tidak jelas lagi sisa-sisanya,
karena beberapa reruntuhan
bangunan yang terdapat di sana banyak
yang diamankan. Demikian pula
beberapa
arca juga disimpan oleh Suaka
Peninggalan Sejarah dan
Purbakala Jawa Tengah.
Sainsbury's multi-tool.
Read my food blog: www.fatandplastered.com/
Diet blog: www.londonfoody.com/
Mongol Rally story! www.teamfiesta.com/
multi-colored asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis. Taken with a macro lens, June 20, 2023 in South Deerfield, MA.
On March 12, the Destin Area, Greater Fort Walton Beach, and Niceville Valparaiso chambers of commerce joined forces for the 8th Annual Multi-Chamber Business Expo & Taste of Okaloosa County.
Thank you to our sponsors!
Destin-Fort Walton Beach Airport
EcoView Windows
Emerald Grande at Harborwalk Village
Fort Walton Beach Medical Center
SimpleHR
Southern Earth Sciences, Inc.
Twin Cities Hospital
Waste Management of the Gulf Coast
White-Wilson Medical Center
ZT Motors
Taste of Okaloosa County Food Booths
Capriccio Café
Cool Fish Seafood Market
Dunkin Donuts
Get Fit Emerald Coast
Helen Back Again of Niceville
KMJ Diner
Papa Johns Pizza
Shrimp Basket
The Breakfast Table Café
Whataburger
Exhibitors
360 Blue
A New You Hair Salon & Nonsurgical Hair Replacement
AirRestore, Coty Fresh Air
All Clear Restoration
All County Emerald Coast Property Management
Autism Society of the Emerald Coast
Better Business Bureau Serving Northwest Florida
Boys and Girls Clubs of the Emerald Coast
Brookdale Senior Living
Century 21 Wilson Minger Agency – Tom Miesen
CertaPro Painters of Northwest Florida
Children In Crisis
Cigna - HealthSpring
Coastal Skin Surgery & Dermatology
Compass Solar Energy
Complete Signs
Covenant Hospice
Cumulus Broadcasting
Destin Magazine
Diamond Dan DJ Services
Eglin Federal Credit Union
Emerald Coast Science Center
Fort Walton Beach Developmental Center
Gulf Coast Dermatology
Gulf Power Company
Gulfarium Marine Adventure Park
Hometown Contractors
iTrip of Destin/Sandestin
J & B Medical, Inc.
Jordan Air Enterprises
K2 Media
Metabolic Research Center
Mid-Bay Bridge Authority
Modern Air Solutions
Nerium International
NOLA Lending Group
Northwest Florida State College
Okaloosa County Teachers Federal Credit Union
Okaloosa Tax Collector
Panhandle Warrior Connection
Pioneer Technologies Corporation
Plexus Worldwide, Inc.
Power Web Videos
PrimeLending - Lorena Spillar
Republican Party of Okaloosa County
ResortQuest by Wyndham Vacation Rentals
Rodan + Fields (Gabriel Sedlak)
Sam's Club
Santa Rosa Mall
Silver Sands Premium Outlets
SJP Network Solutions, LLC
Southern Star Printing, LLC
SpaceWalk of Crestview and Ft Walton Beach
Surge Suppression Incorporated
Telly's Auto Repair Towing & Service
TERMINIX
The Manor at Blue Water Bay
The Petermann Agency
White Sands Chiropractic Clinic
Workout Anytime Fort Walton Beach, FL
Risk reduction, whether conceptualised
as disaster risk reduction or adaptation to climate
change, is usually viewed as an additional
development cost. However the reality is investment
in risk reduction generally represents a large saving
in terms of avoided losses and reconstruction costs.
Involving civil society and local government in land
use planning, as illustrated here in Guatemala,
contributes to the building of social capital, raises
awareness of risk and strengthens local capacities to
address a wider range of development issues.
Photo by Margarita Villalobos / UNISDR
(further pictures and enormous amounts of information you can get by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
St. Stephen's Cathedral
Seat of the Archbishop (Cardinal) of Vienna, one of the most important buildings of the Central European High and Late Gothic, monumental example of the South-German-Austrian multi-naved church, landmark of Vienna. Characteristic is the independent lateral position of the towers, the inclusion of the romanesque western facade, the high Gothic hall choir and the mighty steep roof with colorful brick patterning.
History
1147
The first Romanesque church - from Passau founded (hence patron saint: saint Stephen Protomartyr) - is consecrated. It is located in a quarter of new settlements of merchants, which in the second half of the 12th Century was included in the city's fortifications (which is the part between Singerstraße and wool line (Wollzeile), the road to Hungary). It is located outside, to the southeast, of the oldest city area of the Roman fort, Vindobona. This building was in its dimensions already a large basilical complex, at its completion already including the floor plan of the Heath towers in the West.
1263
Re-consecration after the fire. The impacts on the Romanesque church are not precisely known. The huge gate was already previously rebuilt, when Vienna was for a short time residence of the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. In succession, the reconstruction of the west gallery and the expansion of the western towers (Heath towers) took place. From this period stem also most of the sculptures of the giant gate, the vaults, capitals and rose windows at the west gallery.
Stephansdom64.jpg (35605 bytes)
1304 -1340
Construction of the Gothic hall choir, Albertinian choir, named after the Habsburg Albert II (1330-1358).
The citizenship of Vienna initially purchased the required properties and "as the owner of the Gothic choir in the Zwettler (city in Lower Austria) documents of 1303 and 1304 Viennese citizens are testified".
This civic foundation was then converted by a princely.
The following indulgence certificate - in the original written on parchment and provided with a hanging seal - is in a sense the main historical document of the choir consecration and thus also to the architectural history of St. Stephen of great importance.
1340
Bishop Peter of Marchapolis gives, at the request of the parishioners, all who attend at the anniversary of the consecration of the choir of St. Stephen's Church, which was accomplished on the above day in his presence by Bishop Albert of Passau, or at the feasts of the altar patrons of the church, an indulgence of 40 days.
1359
Laying of the foundation stone for further Gothic reconstruction of the nave (south and north wall), the Singertor and the Bischofstor (gate) and the two double chapels laterally to the Romanesque western building. Furthermore, the construction of overall four towers was planned. In fact, only the southern transept tower (the "saint Stephen's Tower") was first started.
1365
Those conversion measures are associated with the efforts of Duke Rudolf IV to raise Vienna to the status of a diocese, and with the founding of the University of Vienna.
1395
Consecration of the chapel of Saint Catherine ("baptistery") on the east side of the south tower.
1404
Peter of Prachatitz is Dombaumeister (cathedral builder). The citizenship by providing financial support pushes ahead the expansion of the tower.
1417 - 1430
Establishment of the lower sacristy
1433
Completion of the south tower under Hans von Prachatitz
1440 - 1459
Completion of the High Gothic nave
1450
Planning and construction of the North Tower by Hans Puchsbaum
1459
At Hüttentag of Regensburg the mason's lodge of St. Stephen's in Vienna is designated the leading main lodge in Central Europe.
1466
Extension of the upper sacristy
1469
Under Frederick III. the Diocese of Vienna is built.
1474
The Chapel of St. Barbara in the north tower is completed according to the plans of Puchsbaum. Formerly this building extension in the North Tower was called: Urbanuskapelle (chapel).
1511
Suspension of the building at the north tower. It is higher than the nave walls, but lower than the ridge height of the choir roof. As a crowning feature of the tower stump an octagonal structure was set up, which was closed with a so-called "Welsh hood" of Kaspar and Hans Saphoy 1578. The Welsh hood is a into the Gothic transmitted dome shape".
The back of the St. Stephen's Cathedral with the North Tower
1514/1519
1514/1519 at the top of saint Stephen's tower an eight-rayed sun ("Star") was fitted with a crescent moon as a symbol of spiritual and temporal power. When the Viennese in the Turkish siege (1529) throughout in the camp of their enemies saw similar symbols, they raised first objections against the "haidnisch Zaichen (heathen signs)", yet remained the "Moonlight" on the tower. Only on the occasion of the second siege (1683 ) vowed Leopold I to replace the "ungodly and unworthy Turks coat of arms" by the sign of the cross, when the city was liberated by God's assistance.
The from saint Stephen removed moon. Book illustration, 18th century
The new, of copper wrought double cross ("Spanish Cross") was made by coppersmith Hans Adam Bosch. It was one and a half meters high and had a weight of 45.5 kg. On September 14th, the Kreuzerhöhungstag (day of the elevation of the Cross) (in the same time the anniversary of the moving in of Leopold into the liberated city), it was placed under great spectacle. However, it was not flexible enough and already on 14th December it fell down due to a violent storm. On 31st October 1687 followed the setting up of a new crowning. To the Spanish Cross now the imperial double-headed eagle and the initials of Leopold I had been added. Cross and eagle had a height of 2.45 m and a weight of 67 kg.
St. Stephen's Cathedral around 1530
1640
Bishop Friedrich Count Breuner the Baroquisation of the equipment of the St. Stephen's Cathedral as a manifestation of the Counter-Reformation had started. He commissioned the brothers Jacob and Tobias Pock from Konstanz with the construction of a new high altar.
1683
Damages caused by numerous cannonballs at the second Turkish siege.
1700
Second wave of Baroquisation: Gothic winged altars and also their early Baroque successors are replaced by baroque marble altars.
1711
July 21st, 1711. In front of a large audience the k.k. Stückgießer (specialized iron caster) Johann Achamer carries out the casting of the great bell of saint Stephen. The for this purpose required metal comes from stocks of the Imperial arsenal of captured Turkish cannons. After Pölzung (supporting) of the underground vaults under the streets that touches the train, the bell weighing more than 17 tons on a special car or a loop of 100 people is brought from the Leopoldstadt on 29th October to the cathedral. On December 15th, Bishop Rummel undertakes the consecration of the bell, then it is pulled up to the south tower. There it rests on two oak beams, which for ringing can be screwed off. When Charles VI. solemnly moved into Vienna after his imperial coronation on 26th January 1712, the Pummerin was rung for the first time, in the process only the 813 kg in weight clapper was moved.
1720
The so-called catacombs are set up as a burial site.
1735
The cemetery around the church is closed down and in 1783 completely removed
Stock-im-Eisen-Platz and St. Stephen's Square before the demolition of the houses
Coloured engraving of V.C. Schütz. 1779
1803
The Steffl gets air: Demolition of houses on Stephansplatz
October. The strong increase in population leads to an increased volume of traffic. As part of "traffic-appropriate" measures streets are widened, squares enlarged, arcades created and traffic regulations introduced such as, e.g., the first one-way at the Carinthian gates (1802). With the demolition of the last still in front of the cathedral facade standing houses yet another basic expansion and redesign of the Stephansplatz can be completed.
1809
Also in the French wars the Cathedral is damaged by artillery fire.
1810
Repair work on the South Tower
1831
Renovation of the roof at the Albertinian choir
1842
On the occasion of the two renewals of the tower helmet in the 19th century respectively in 1842 and 1864, again a new double-headed eagle with a double cross was set on the spire. This last crowning of 1864 still today adorns the top of saint Stephen's tower.
1853 - 1854
Expansion of the remaining Wimperge (gables) in the roof area of which Puchsbaum under Frederick III. only one had realized.
1863 - 1864
Cathedral architect Friedrich Schmidt heads the restoration of the tower helmet.
1945
St. Stephen's Cathedral, April 1945 © Press Agency Votava St. Stephen's Cathedral, April 1945
The roof of St Stephen's Cathedral
is on fire 8th April 1945
Friday 13 April: Dombrand (cathedral's fire) in the last days of World War II. The roof burns down, the vaults of the middle choir and the southern side choir collapse. The Pummerin plunges down and breaks. The cathedral is badly damaged.
1945 - 1952
Reconstruction of the roof and choir
Triumphant entry of the new Pummerin in Vienna. The in St. Florian/Oberösterreich (Upper Austria) cast bell to Vienna had a true triumphal procession behind herself.
From the ruins of the Pummerin 1952 in St. Florian, Upper Austria, a new bell was cast and consecrated on 26th April 1952 in Vienna. The other bells of St. Stephen's Cathedral also consistently bore names as Halbpummerin, Viertelpummerin, Councillor Bell, Mentioned bell (Genanntenglocke), Zwölferin, beer bell (Bierglocke) etc. Very few of them survived the year 1945.
1953
Construction of the Bishop tomb in the catacombs under the Apostle Choir
1954 - 1965
Restoration of the South Tower
1956
Renovation of the Ducal Crypt, construction of the lower church and the lapidary (collection of stone monuments)
Completion of the tower helmet at the north tower (Saphoy'sche hood) with housing of the Pummerin
1961
In 1961 the cathedral received a new peal of eleven bells.
1973
Consecration of the People's altar (makeshift solution)
1977 - 1998
Restoration of the North Tower
1989
Remodeling of the sanctuary and the consecration of the new People's altar (September 14)
1991
Consecration of the new cathedral organ (Servants - Madonna gets here her new stand)
Overall length: 107.2 m outside inside 91.8 m
Width of the nave: 38.9 m
Height of the South tower: (High Tower) 136.7 m
Height of the North tower: 60.6 m
Height of the Heathen towers 65.6 m
Inspired by Piecefull, I'm starting my first mixed-puzzles project! A ménage à trois au Moulin Rouge, you might call it.
Three 515-piece puzzles from D-Toys; three famous paintings of the famous nightclub by Henri Toulouse-Lautrec; and one added twist: this is D-Toys' special 'high-difficulty piece shape,' i.e., a tessellation-style cut where there is only one piece shape (besides the border pieces).
Should be fun, and the finished puzzles should look pretty cool with the tessellation pattern. No box reference of course.