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Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normandy
Normandy (French: Normandie, Norman: Normaundie, from Old French Normanz, plural of Normant, originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is one of the 18 regions of France, roughly referring to the historical Duchy of Normandy.
Normandy is divided into five administrative departments: Calvados, Eure, Manche, Orne, and Seine-Maritime. It covers 30,627 square kilometres (11,825 sq mi), comprising roughly 5% of the territory of metropolitan France. Its population of 3.37 million accounts for around 5% of the population of France. The inhabitants of Normandy are known as Normans, and the region is the historic homeland of the Norman language.
The historical region of Normandy comprised the present-day region of Normandy, as well as small areas now part of the departments of Mayenne and Sarthe. The Channel Islands (French: Îles Anglo-Normandes) are also historically part of Normandy; they cover 194 km² and comprise two bailiwicks: Guernsey and Jersey, which are British Crown dependencies over which Queen Elizabeth II reigns as Duke of Normandy.
Normandy's name comes from the settlement of the territory by mainly Danish and Norwegian Vikings ("Northmen") from the 9th century, and confirmed by treaty in the 10th century between King Charles III of France and the Viking jarl Rollo. For a century and a half following the Norman conquest of England in 1066, Normandy and England were linked by Norman and Frankish rulers.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normandy_landings
The Normandy landings were the landing operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. Codenamed Operation Neptune and often referred to as D-Day, it was the largest seaborne invasion in history. The operation began the liberation of German-occupied France (and later Europe) from Nazi control, and laid the foundations of the Allied victory on the Western Front.
Planning for the operation began in 1943. In the months leading up to the invasion, the Allies conducted a substantial military deception, codenamed Operation Bodyguard, to mislead the Germans as to the date and location of the main Allied landings. The weather on D-Day was far from ideal and the operation had to be delayed 24 hours; a further postponement would have meant a delay of at least two weeks as the invasion planners had requirements for the phase of the moon, the tides, and the time of day that meant only a few days each month were deemed suitable. Adolf Hitler placed German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel in command of German forces and of developing fortifications along the Atlantic Wall in anticipation of an Allied invasion.
The amphibious landings were preceded by extensive aerial and naval bombardment and an airborne assault—the landing of 24,000 US, British, and Canadian airborne troops shortly after midnight. Allied infantry and armoured divisions began landing on the coast of France at 06:30. The target 50-mile (80 km) stretch of the Normandy coast was divided into five sectors: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno and Sword. Strong winds blew the landing craft east of their intended positions, particularly at Utah and Omaha. The men landed under heavy fire from gun emplacements overlooking the beaches, and the shore was mined and covered with obstacles such as wooden stakes, metal tripods, and barbed wire, making the work of the beach-clearing teams difficult and dangerous. Casualties were heaviest at Omaha, with its high cliffs. At Gold, Juno, and Sword, several fortified towns were cleared in house-to-house fighting, and two major gun emplacements at Gold were disabled, using specialised tanks.
The Allies failed to achieve any of their goals on the first day. Carentan, St. Lô, and Bayeux remained in German hands, and Caen, a major objective, was not captured until 21 July. Only two of the beaches (Juno and Gold) were linked on the first day, and all five beachheads were not connected until 12 June; however, the operation gained a foothold which the Allies gradually expanded over the coming months. German casualties on D-Day have been estimated at 4,000 to 9,000 men. Allied casualties were at least 10,000, with 4,414 confirmed dead.
Museums, memorials, and war cemeteries in the area now host many visitors each year.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longues-sur-Mer_battery
The Longues-sur-Mer battery (in German: Marineküstenbatterie (MKB) Longues-sur-Mer) was a World War II German artillery battery constructed near the French village of Longues-sur-Mer in Normandy. The battery was sited on a 60 m (200 ft) cliff overlooking the sea and formed a part of Germany's Atlantic Wall coastal fortifications. It was located between the Allied landing beaches of Gold and Omaha and shelled both beaches on D-Day (6 June 1944). The battery was captured on June 7 and played no further part in the Normandy campaign.
The battery is the only one in Normandy to retain all its original guns in situ and was listed an historical monument in October 2001. It remains in a good state of conservation.
Since ancient times the word 'Gobi' meaning 'desert' in all Ural-Altaic languages was referred to in literature as shamo. It is on account of the fact that the word 'Gobi' is translated into many foreign languages as a desert. That foreigners often imagine the Gobi to a desert. However visitors to the Gobi are quickly persuaded that the word desert is a misnomer.
The Mongolian Gobi, a vast zone of desert and semi-desert occupying almost 30% of our country's vast territory, is a well-renowned place. The Gobi is often imagined to be place of unbearable heat and lifeless sand dunes, similar to the inhospitable and uninhabitable Sahara desert. Whereas the reality is quite the reverse. The Great Mongolian Gobi (the western part is located inside China, now) has high mountains, springs, forests, sands, steppe lands and rich animal kingdom, and has been inhabited since ancient times. To put it another way, the Mongolian Gobi has the vast plains of Europe, the majestic peaks and mountain ranges of Asia, the sand dunes and sandy valleys of Africa, and thus could be called the land of the three continents. You will see there an eternally clear sky, blue mirages, golden sands and boundlessly expansive steppe lands.
Furthermore, the Mongolian Gobi is not a single notion. There are no less than 33 different types of Gobi in Mongolia, of which sandy desert occupies only three percent of the total area. The Gobi is situated in the southern part of the country and it covers the provinces of East Gobi, Middle Gobi, South Gobi, and Gobi Altai, all sharing the name of Gobi. One of these four Gobi, the South Gobi occupies the biggest and southern most area, belong to the territory of the South Gobi aimak.
The Gobi houses enormous wealth including numerous rare animal species as for example the mountain sheep (argali), ibex, snow leopard, lynx, wild ass (khulan), gazelles, saiga, khavtgai (wild camel, ancestor of the bactrian camel), mazaalai (gobi bear), fox, wolf, steppe fox, as well as different trees and plants: khargana, tamarisk, red trees, and wild thyme to name but few. Equally there are a wealth of precious and semi-precious stones including turquoise, jasper, agate and crystal.
--- Khubilai.tripod.com
Arawak was the language of the first settlers on the island of Jamaica, the Tainos. The Tainos arrived in Jamaica somewhere near 600 AD. It is assumed that the Tainos were the natives of the northern coast of South America.
The Arawakan speaking Tainos were peace-loving people. They settled down in Jamaica and continued to live there for almost 900 years. The existence of the Tainos was threatened when the Spanish invaded Jamaica in 1494. Spanish Conquest was devastating to the First Nation on the Island which let to extinction.
The Tainos became an extinct race within 50 years of the arrival of the Spanish. People were killed, some died of hunger, some were unable to survive the diseases brought in by the Spanish. Many committed suicide to escape being enslaved by the Spanish.
With the extinction of the Taino from Jamaica, their language Arawak was almost led to complete annihilation. The ups and downs in the history of Jamaica was enough to erase the Arawak language. The language belongs to the Arawakan Group of languages. Though some parts of the Caribbean still has other dialects belonging to the group, the Arawak as spoken by the Taino is absent.
Arawak has however contributed certain words to the English language. The list of Arawak words adopted into English include words like 'hammock', 'hurricane', 'tobacco', 'barbeque', 'cassava', 'guava' and 'canoe'.
Interestingly the word Jamaica has been derived from the Arawak word 'xaymaca' which means the 'land of wood and water' or the 'land of forest and water'. Arawak as a language of the Tainos may not be in vogue but it has definitely contributed to the enrichment of the English language.
Today no trace of Taino people can be found on the Island except for their artifacts and ruined settlements unearthed by archaeologist.
Reconsider Columbus Day (VIDEO)
www.youtube.com/watch?v=il5hwpdJMcg
Today all over the world tribal peoples continue to be threatened by outsiders. Over one hundred tribes around the world choose to reject contact with outsiders. They are the most vulnerable peoples on the planet. Many of them are living on the run, fleeing invasions of their land by colonists, loggers, oil crews and cattle ranchers. They have often seen their friends and families die at the hands of outsiders, in unreported massacres or epidemics.
The wisdom of a child, and the subtle, fleeting nature of language. The wind, much like words, is not tangible; and can never be touched, only felt.
the language of the photograph has stayed with me for years; a child who's face still elludes my memory, shifting into the shadow of time.
Photograph/Text © Tyler Stone (2004)
This column, the second highest structure in the Afrikaans Language Monument, represents South Africa and the declaration of the Republic of South Africa in 1960. Its placement in the pool is to symbolise the idea of the language as a living, growing entity, which needs sustenance for its survival.
The Afrikaans Language Monument (Afrikaans: Afrikaanse Taalmonument) is located on a hill overlooking Paarl, Western Cape Province, South Africa. Officially opened on 10 October 1975, it commemorates the semicentenary of Afrikaans being declared an official language of South Africa separate from Dutch. Also, it was erected on the 100th anniversary of the founding of Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners (the Society of Real Afrikaners) in Paarl, the organisation that helped strengthen Afrikaners' identity and pride in their language.
The monument, surprisingly post-modern for the product of an authoritarian right-wing state, consists of various tapering structures of a convex and concave nature, symbolising the influences of different languages and cultures on Afrikaans itself, as well as political developments in South Africa, as follows:
* three columns symbolise the European heritage of the language. The columns are from high to low to illustrate Europe’s diminishing influence on Afrikaans.
* three convex mounds on a podium symbolise the African influences on the language
* a wall on the stairway symbolises the influence of the Malay language and culture, placed between the curves of Western Europe and Africa as a separate entity. Yet it forms a unity with the two forces of Western Europe and Africa that merge to form the bridge that symbolically depicts the roots of Afrikaans.
* the highest column (about 57m high) symbolises the growth of Afrikaans and is open at the top. The other writer that inspired the architect, CJ Langenhoven, wrote that Afrikaans grows like a “fast-rising arch”; the second very high column represents South Africa and the declaration of the Republic of South Africa in 1960.
There is also an open stadium at the bottom of the structure where concerts and events are held.
This description incorporates text from the English Wikipedia and the official Afrikaanse Taalmuseum & -monument website.
Inspired by ‘The Last of the Fire Kings’ by Derek Mahon
Photographs by Ignotas Kuprys
First Year Photography students at the University of Sunderland made their own photographic projects in response to ‘Picture the Poet’ at Sunderland Museum and Winter Gardens.
Students each selected one poem written by one of the poets featured in the exhibition. They then made their own creative reinterpretations of the poem, using photography to explore the imagery, language and ideas in the poetry. Some of the work they made can be seen in the collection presented here.
Find out more about Picture the Poet:
The rule of thirds is a principle of composition that helps you keep your images dynamic.
It gives you eight elements to work with -- four lines and four intersections. Placing points of interest along the lines or at the intersections tends to create a more interesting composition.
Copyright © 2014 by Craig Paup. All rights reserved.
Any use, printed or digital, in whole or edited, requires my written permission.
Six Aboriginal language groups are the traditional owners of the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area:
Darug.
Gundungurra.
Wanaruah.
Wiradjuri.
Darkinjung.
Tharawal.
I acknowledge the Traditional Custodians of the land on which I work and live, and recognise their continuing connection to land, water and community. I pay respect to Elders past, present and emerging.
Glen Davis is an old shale mining town located 70 kilometres north of Lithgow in the Capertee Valley, Glen Davis constituted the only attempt to commercially produce petrol from shale oil in Australia.
In the Glen Davis park there is an amenities block and a number of B.B.Q's. Camping is allowed. There are no petrol or general store facilities.
From Lithgow take the Mudgee Road across the overhead pass, driving past the Wallerawang Power Station. Following the Mudgee Road you pass several coal mines until you reach Capertee. Turn right onto the gravel road and follow the road through beautiful scenery and spectacular escarpments. Oil shale was first discovered in the northern side of the Capertee Valley around 1865 by local grazier Mr. B.R. McLean. Glen Davis still has the largest seam of high grade oil shale in the world. The first shale oil lease was granted in 1891 to MPI Mining Development which later abandoned the scheme. This site was the centre point for the future development.
The wartime petrol shortage caused the Government to organise a revival of oil shale mining and treatment in 1940. Mr. G, F, Davis of Davis Gelantine undertook the proposed development and a new company was formed (National Oil Pty. Ltd.). Much of the equipment from the abandoned Newnes oil shale works was transferred to Glen Davis.
A pipeline was built so that products could be pumped to storage tanks at Newnes Junction. The pipeline followed the route of the Newnes railway line which was removed in the 1940's. In 1940 the first oil was produced and in 1941 some 4,273,315 gallons were produced. 170 miners were employed.
Initial housing conditions were deplorable. Lack of schooling facilities, unreliable food supplies and endemic diseases accentuated the already poor living conditions. By 1947 the situation had improved. A hotel, barracks, staff cottages and permanent housing had been built. The town population of 1,600 had access to a school, post office, hall, cinema, bank, chemist, butcher and general stores.
By 1950 production levels were dropping and operating costs were continuing to rise. The years of industrial trouble, difficulties with retorts, Labour, material shortages and the importing of middle east crude-oil finally led to the closure of the works in 1952. The plant was sold at auction.
K U R D I S T A N - 💛❤💚كوردستان💋
NEWROZA WE PÎROZ BE!
All dancing together because they are the kurds from Kurdistan, Kurdistan is not Iraq Iran Turkey not Syria either, we want United kurdistan not divided land between three different cultures different tradition and different languages than our own unique Kurdish
With fire, music, and dancing, the people of Kurdistan celebrate Newroz
بمناسبة عيد نوروز إلى الشعب الكوردي.
NEWROZ LI HER ÇAR PARÇEYÊN KURDISTANÊ PÎROZ BE!!! HAPPY NEWROZ
50 million occupied Kurds across 4 regions
The Struggle for Freedom: Justice for the Kurds
We want Freedom for Kurdistan.
Just reminder for my people, never forget they kill us just because we’re the Kurds we have our own culture tradition heritage history and path which are different from theirs , don’t forget don’t forgive, we are the origin people of this land they’re just invaders
Peshmarge Message
We were fighting against terror to protect humanity
kurdistan, Kurdish struggle for Peace, Freedom . Democracy
Thanks for your visit
kurdish & proud ❤️️💛💚
بۆ پاراستنی کوردستان ببێتە فەرهەنگی هەموومان
وەک کێو .. لە ناو دڵی میللەتەکەت
وەک کێو .. بەرامبەر دوژمنانی میللەتەکەت
بــە کـــەرکـــوکــدا زانــیــم،
خـــیـــانـــەت ، چـــی لـــە دڵــــی مـــرۆڤ دەکــــا..
خاک و نیشتیمان وەکو دایک وایە
ئەوەی خاک و نیشتیمانەکەی بفروشیت
وەک ئەوە وایە دایکی خوی فروشتووە
Shaheed Minar (Language Martyrs’ Monument) in Khulna City built in memory of the students and others killed during the historical language movement on 21 February 1952. Bangladesh.
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All rights reserved. Do not use any of the images in this stream without my permission.
The Hagia Sophia is one of the architectural wonders of the world. Its construction finished in 537 after a staggering 5 years of building under emperor Justinianus of the (easter) Roman Empire, also known under its name the Byzantine Empire. Its inhabitants would never use this term and always refer to their identity, ethnicity, culture and empire as Roman, no matter their Greek language and Christian Orthodox religion.
Although the construction almost ruined the state coffers at the time, it remained (with intermittant repairs and additions) for a thousand of years the largest, most splendid and spiritual church of the world. With all its marble, gold mosaics and magnificent domes and galeries, visitors could not belief it to be built by mortal hands. But it was here where emperors were crowned, foreign ambassadors were impressed, varangian (viking) guards attended boring masses (hence the ruinic script in some columns), patriarchs refused emperors and excommunicated papal legates, and where people found a last, dreading refugee during times of assault. The Hagia Sophia was intimately connected to the great imperial palace next to it, and it was the centre of religious and political power of the eastern mediterranean and Europe. Its symbological power was so significant, that foreign powers sought to subdue it and incorporate it into their own.
During 1204 and 1261, it was a catholic cathedral after the short lived crusader conquest. The crusaders added the flying butresses for extra support. After the restoration under the Roman Empire by the Palaiologans, it continued to be the celebrated orthodox cathedral until 1453, when Mehmed conquered Constantinople and made it the grand mosque of his new Islamic, Ottoman Empire. Four new minarets were soon added to mark this transformation. The buildings remains a highly contested symbol. Atatürk made of it a museum in the 1930s to recognize its multicultural origin in a new, secular Turkish republic. But it has been reconverted into a mosque since the rightist policies under Erdogan in 2020, emphasizing its price as an Ottoman conquest and unfortunately obscuring its most significant past.
This photograph is a copyrighted image. Please do not download this image to use or blog, or for any other purposes, without crediting me, and informing me of its use and whereabouts.
Leica SL (Typ 601)
Leica 24-90mm f2.8-4 ASPH Vario-Elmarit-SL Lens
Street Photography in Málaga, Spain
A rare colour image .... I did try a black and white conversion, but now having a Monochrom M (246), I can't find the right balance so left this one in colour.
Derweze (Turkmen language: The Gate, also known as Darvaza) is a Turkmenistan village of about 350 inhabitants, located in the middle of the Kara-Kum desert, about 260 km north from Ashgabat. Darvaza inhabitants are mostly Turkmen of the Teke tribe, preserving a half-nomadic lifestyle.
The Derweze area is rich in natural gas. While drilling in 1971 geologists accidentally found an underground cavern filled with natural gas. The ground beneath the drilling rig collapsed, leaving a large hole with a diameter of about 50-100 meters. To avoid poisonous gas discharge, it was decided to burn the gas. Geologists had hoped the fire would go out in a few days but it has been burning ever since. Locals have named the cavern The Door to Hell. Next to capturing the gas, flaring is safer and friendlier to the environment than releasing the methane into the atmosphere as methane is a relatively potent greenhouse gas with a high global warming potential of 72 (averaged over 20 years) or 25 (averaged over 100 years). Turkmenistan plans to increase its production of natural gas. In April 2010, the President of Turkmenistan Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow visited the site and ordered that the hole should be closed, or other measures be taken to limit its influence on the development of other natural gas fields in the area.
Not far from the burning crater are two other craters of similar origin. These craters are not burning as the gas pressure is much weaker. At the bottom of one of these craters is light grey mud while the last crater contains a turquoise lake. This lake prevents further attempts at drilling. Not far from the burning crater are several dormant wells (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derweze).
My video: youtu.be/VVwPAx-Fmyc
SPNC - Year 4 - Instruction # 03
"Avoid tunnel vision, let the edges compete for attention in the frame."
Known for Main interests, Logic, metaphysics, philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of mind, epistemology
Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.
From 1929 to 1947, Wittgenstein taught at the University of Cambridge. During his lifetime he published just one slim book, the 75-page Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921), one article, one book review and a children's dictionary. His voluminous manuscripts were edited and published posthumously. Philosophical Investigations appeared as a book in 1953, and has since come to be recognised as one of the most important works of philosophy in the 20th century. His teacher, Bertrand Russell, described Wittgenstein as "the most perfect example I have ever known of genius as traditionally conceived; passionate, profound, intense, and dominating".
Born in Vienna into one of Europe's richest families, he inherited a fortune from his father in 1913. He initially made some donations to artists and writers, and then, in a period of severe personal depression after the First World War, he gave away his entire fortune to his brothers and sisters. Three of his brothers committed suicide, which Wittgenstein had also contemplated. He left academia several times—serving as an officer on the front line during World War I, where he was decorated a number of times for his courage; teaching in schools in remote Austrian villages where he encountered controversy for hitting children when they made mistakes in mathematics; and working as a hospital porter during World War II in London, where he told patients not to take the drugs they were prescribed while largely managing to keep secret the fact that he was one of the world's most famous philosophers. He described philosophy as "the only work that gives me real satisfaction".
His philosophy is often divided into an early period, exemplified by the Tractatus, and a later period, articulated in the Philosophical Investigations. "Early Wittgenstein" was concerned with the logical relationship between propositions and the world and he believed that by providing an account of the logic underlying this relationship, he had solved all philosophical problems. "Late Wittgenstein," however, rejected many of the assumptions of the Tractatus, arguing that the meaning of words is best understood as their use within a given language-game. His mentor Bertrand Russell was likely the first to coin this distinction in Wittegenstein's work.
A survey among American university and college teachers ranked the Investigations as the most important book of 20th-century philosophy, standing out as "the one crossover masterpiece in twentieth-century philosophy, appealing across diverse specializations and philosophical orientations." The Investigations also ranked 54th on a list of most influential twentieth-century works in cognitive science prepared by the University of Minnesota's Center for Cognitive Sciences. However, in the words of his friend Georg Henrik von Wright, he believed "his ideas were generally misunderstood and distorted even by those who professed to be his disciples. He doubted he would be better understood in the future. He once said he felt as though he was writing for people who would think in a different way, breathe a different air of life, from that of present-day men
Born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary
Artwork by TudioJepegii
© 2013 Thousand Word Images by Dustin Abbott
I walked alone, in a world of green
Not another soul could be seen
Though the rain fell in continual mist
I found neither gloom nor sadness
Could in my heart exist
The beauty was the balm my soul needed
Banishing stress and worry
And leaving nothing but peace
Technical info: Canon EOS 6D, Canon EF 40mm f/2.8 STM, Processed in Adobe Lightroom 5, Photoshop CC, and Alien Skin Exposure 5
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But I really do love it when something small and random makes someone think of me, mainly because it never hapoens.
La Seine ~ Paris ~ MjYj
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The language of Moths
In the chrysalis of existence, I surrender to the dance of transformation, shedding old skin to embrace the rebirth that lies within. Life and death intertwine in a delicate tapestry of existence, each a facet of the same eternal cycle.
As the caterpillar dissolves into oblivion, I emerge from the cocoon, wings unfurling to greet the dawn of a new day. Death becomes the midwife of rebirth, guiding me through the labyrinth of existence with gentle hands.
In the symphony of creation, I find purpose in both the fleeting moments of life and the silent embrace of death. For in the dance of existence, there is no distinction between the two — only the eternal cycle of transformation and renewal.
And so I soar on the wings of eternity, embracing the beauty of each moment, knowing that in life and death alike, I am but a vessel for the cosmic dance of creation and destruction. Life and death have the same purpose...
by me
Photography and editing; LC Nevermind(Luis Campillo)
Artistic direction, MUAH, props, caption and model; Lis Xia
Gear; Hasselblad 503CWD, CZ Distagon 50mm, Digital Back CFV-50, Profoto B500
Textured experimentally in oil.
An old lady sat right in front of me, by a window side of a train compartment. She wore aristocracy like no other; around 75-80 years old, travelling alone from Kolkata. Her son would receive her from the station. She was communicating with her son over the cell phone. She was on the edge of her mood, at times relaxed and sometimes fidgety, as the train was running late. She was an expressive woman, as her gestures reflected her mood. She was ignorant about everything happening in the compartment, as she was eager to reach the station on time. I took a few shots of her gestures with my cell phone camera, secretly. They turned out to be pretty productive, as natural documentation of one’s body languages.