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I spent the two miles since the southern "Difficult Crossing" escapade worrying about whether I would have learned my lesson upon reaching the northern one. The situation looked about the same--rope, deep water rushing between stones too big and slippery to leap on.
I thought about finding a stick to brace myself, but why use a stick when this handy tree had fallen across the way?
You can see that the trunk is quite wide. It was not difficult to access on my side, and--more importantly--it appeared to be easy to exit from on the other side.
That said, it was a much higher risk of injury to go this way than to wade through the water. I have crossed other creeks with my pants rolled up and my boots around my neck. And my soggy sandwich was already eaten.
But, gosh, we have to push our limits and find out what we're capable of!
Difficult to find things in that spacious bag of yours? Here's the solution - a purse/bag organizer!
Our purse/bag organizer will help you organize the things you put in your bag. It has 6 pockets in front and 1 pocket behind. Pockets are 3" tall. There's a small loop with a snap fasterner attached on one upper corner for you to hang your keys.
It's made from 100% cotton fabric and it's quilted with fleece batting for that extra support and durability.
Finished size : 20"(51cm) long, 4.5"(11.5cm) wide
Front pockets : 2"(5cm), 2.5"(6.5cm), 3"(18cm), 3.5"(19cm), 4"10cm) and 5"(13cm) wide
Back pocket : 6"(15.5cm) wide
The insert wrap neatly around the interior of your purse/bag/tote thus keeping the center free for other stuffs.
Just roll up the insert and transfer to another bag, easy as 123.
Very practical, functional and yet beautiful and also a perfect gift idea for your mom, sis or friends.
This insert is made to fit all bags, just measure the width of your bag and compare to our measurement, slightly bigger or smaller doesn't matter, because the insert is flexible in length.
Many violets share numerous attributes and are difficult to differentiate from one another. Botanists estimate that there are between 500 and 600 species worldwide, approximately 85 of which can be found in North America. Luckily for the casual wildflower enthusiast, only about half of these are common in New York. There's tremendous variation among the community, with many varieties garnering oxymoronic names, such as round-leaved yellow violet and sweet white violet. While a majority live up to their names in appearance, more than a few are anything but violet, being completely white, pink and even the brightest shade of yellow, with numerous combinations and levels of mixing. All of these attributes aid in their identification.
Yellow violets appear to be the most primitive, with their flowers being the first shift away from the ancestral green. Purple, in contrast, is thought to be one of the most advanced colors. Evolution in progress can be witnessed in the tall, white, Canada violet (Viola canadensis), a native to Canada and the eastern U.S.. Many botanists speculate that the mostly white flower, often dabbed with minor purplish tingeing on the back of the petals, is transitioning from entirely white to "violet." The Canada violet grows throughout the Mohawk Valley in association with the large white trillium.
Violets can be separated into two general categories: those with stems from which leaves and flowers protrude, and those that are stemless, having appendages emanating directly from the roots, with flowers being supported on a thin and usually low, leafless stalk.
In addition to having showy blossoms, certain species possess a trait known as cleistogamy, meaning they are capable of self-pollination by means of tiny, barely noticeable flowers that resemble unopened buds. The term "cleistogamy" combines the Greek 'kleistos' meaning 'closed' with 'gamy' meaning 'marriage.' Once fertilization has occurred by means of insects or self-pollination, the seeds are ready for explosive dispersal. After the seeds are fully developed, the pods they're stored in slowly dry out, with the pod gradually tightening around the seeds, building up tension in the process, similar to the action of a spring. Later, when the pods are disturbed, or sometimes just randomly, the pressure becomes too great and the seeds are shot out like miniature cannonballs. Amazingly, seeds are capable of flying up to 15 feet away from the parent plant. Pretty impressive for such a tiny plant!
Once on the ground, the seeds are further dispersed by ants. Attached to each tiny seed is a fleshy appendage called an elaiosome that's rich in protein and lipids, but serves no direct impact to the seed's survival. Like the sweet nectar of a flower, these elaiosomes are tempting treats to insects, and ants in particular are readily enticed to collect them. Once dragged back to the colony, the energy-laden accessory is removed for consumption, and the hard seed body is dumped in a waste pit where it may ultimately sprout. This dual dispersal technique, using both physiological and biological mechanisms for seed movement, proves to be an effective evolutionary strategy, ensuring rapid colonization of available habitat.
Insects aren't the only ones that appreciate violets' tasty nature. In fact, humans find nearly all parts of the plants edible. The leafy greens can be collected to create a salad high in vitamins A and C, superseding that of an equivalent amount of oranges. Beginning in the nineteenth century, candied violets gained favor as a dessert garnishment and were widely served. Though their popularity has decreased over the years, in some circles they're still a favorite for topping sweet dishes of cake or ice cream. Traditionally, a syrup was also made by boiling the flowers in a concoction of sugar. Apart from sweetening the lips, the syrup is useful as a substitute for litmus paper. The solution turns red in the presence of an acid, green for a base.
To the Haudenosaunee and other eastern Native Americans, the flower is revered as a symbol of love. An Iroquoian myth, akin to the tragic Shakespearian Romeo and Juliet, tells of how two lovers of warring tribes were slain while trying to elope, and where each drop of blood hit the ground, a violet sprouted to commemorate their boundless passion.
While on the topic of romance, it's also interesting to note that violets used to be the traditional flower of Valentine's Day. Almost all bouquets given to loved ones sported purple rather than red. It wasn't until the 1930's that violets began to be supplanted by the thorny rose.
Violets were substantial money makers during the early part of the twentieth century. Like other popular flowers that are added to bouquets or home gardens today, violets were prodigiously cultivated in greenhouses by the millions. Rhinebeck, a quaint, pastoral town located along the shores of the Hudson River in southeastern New York, cornered this unusual market. Growers made sizable profits by shipping flowers to New York City, where there was an especially high demand. Rhinebeck's proximity to the city market, and its easy access to the railroad paralleling the Hudson helped make it the "Violet Capital of the World." At its peak, hundreds of greenhouses routinely cranked out thousands of violets per day in the spring-a fast worker could pick as many as 5,000 during a single shift. Eleanor Roosevelt herself often purchased copious amounts of various exotic cultivar varieties from nearby nurseries to line the gardens at her riverfront estate in Hyde Park, just south of the violet hotbed. She was frequently seen wearing intricate violet arrangements, making it a habit to do so at her husband's numerous inaugurations.
Small white violets are sweet-scented.
Next time you're outside in spring, keep your eyes open for the cosmopolitan violets, which can be found growing just about anywhere-from open and sunny backyards to rich, sheltered woodlands, and even in the dampest wetlands. Though small and unassuming, they nevertheless provide a cheerful reminder of the fecundity and diversity of the spring season. As English philosopher Bernard Williams succinctly said, "We may pass violets looking for roses. We may pass contentment looking for victory."
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I knew that I could not ignore this project forever and when I saw how bad it was, I thought I'd do a Photo Set series on this difficult retouch. I'll get that started up before too long, after I get more of the steps done. As always, I scanned the original ferrotype as a .TIFF that captured the best I could achieve from the ferrotype. The sloppy term of "tintype" has hounded old images such as this. I suppose it relates to the habit of calling the old Fords, "Tin Lizzies." The fact that the image is well attracted by a magnet proves the original has to be on a ferrous backing. Tin was, of course, an entirely unsuitable material for use as a backing. It was much used for galvanizing steel and iron to prevent rust, somewhat successfully.
Different adjustments were applied before arriving here and collapsing the .PSD down to a .TIFF so that it could be retouched on one layer. The original scan was at 1200 dpi and I suspect that a thorough cleaning would not have helped the surface damages which were extensive. In close, it looked like a shotgun blast and must have punched the mouse button thousands of times even after I mitigated the specks that cover the original. That may have been particular to the mistreated ferrotype. I had to treat a load of shotgun style of defects, all of which just take time. After becoming intimately acquainted with the two brothers during my retouch I decided neither kid was a happy camper to be here and the younger has a puffy face like he was crying before the ordeal. Both seem like they were put upon mightily. Woolen stockings? Come on, Ma! That must have been a special experience for the parents to shell out this extraordinary amount of money anf yet have the kids pitch a fit. I expect that the mother's delight in the portrait was proportional to the gaudiness of the outfits. The older boy managed a scowl at best for the portrait. Neither one got a pair of their first long trousers for their first portrait in a strange land. That would be an insult to two young boys! They are probably thinking that one Christianing is enough for a feller. They would have druthered to be out sailing hand made boats down the irrigation ditch or scarfing up crawdads and snakes in muddy attire.
I think that I have arrived at the point where I will quit retouching anyway. At some point, you end up retouching the retouching and it will certainly go downhill from there if you want something closer to a photograph instead of a painting and it is more than it was. It's time to build a finished and before & after view and prep my camera for tomorrow. The bald eagle west of town was on the ground stalking a prairie dawg dinner and I was out there without my longest lens. At first glance I thought I could not have seen the scene I was seeing, or something like that. I may got out tomorrow and wait for the eagle to go to work on the bread line again but be ready with my camera propped on the closed car door. Winner, winner, prairie dog dinner. Remember there is a notch in the ecosystem and that eagle knows what it is.
I can't imagine that this is anywhere near the hardest retouch that I have done, That honor probably lies with the "Spotted Granny" shot when I finally gave up until an answer popped into my punkin' head as I mulled the problem over. Even at that, I had a hard time convincing the people of the blindingly simple answer. At this point it seems clear that a glass plate might have been used in the camera and the ferrotype was the presentation. Applying any more aggression could result in losses of the original character that I still want in the final reproduction. I don't want to create a fantasy land. I have already done some of the later steps but need to write them up one at a time. I will try to present a reasonable reproduction after all the work. I don't particularly like cartoonish colored fantasy results because I prefer the best REPRODUCTION I can make. I'd coat a ferrous plate and take it into a darkroom if it were a reasonable technique and I could pull it off. Out here in the West, they call those trout "Dolly Varden's," after Dickens' name for his Painted Ladies. That's what I think of some "paint job" portraits that are cropping up lately.
FIRST in the series:
LAST in the series:
Weekly Round-up 04/07/17 to 11/07/17
It's been that good mothing this year that i'm really struggling to keep up and thus I have lumped my records together again as one big list of weekly moths (apologies to the innacurate data that I may provide at the end of the year). Juggling family life with moths and work is very difficult, particularly when you have less than an hour to go through 200+ moths of between 65 and 90 species every other morning, then photograph them after work and then process that and type up a list.
On top of all that i'm struggling to get up with the dreaded man flu!
So here is my weekly list of all the species and approximate numbers that i've recorded.
Some real crackers all week and several species new for the garden!
A second garden record of the ever-spreading Coronet was great to see as well as Anarsia innoxiella...will this recently seperated distinct species spread like Epiphyas postvittana and Tachystola acroxantha?
The Miller and Barred Hook-tip were back after a 4 year absense and once again they are only my second garden records.
Donacaula forficella was a welcome wetland wanderer which last appeared...guess when! in 2013 4 years ago again.
Sitochroa verticalis and Elachista atricomella were new for the garden.
Catch Report - 04/07/17 to 11/07/17 - Back Garden - Stevenage - 1x 125w MV Robinson Trap
Macro Moths
1x Barred Hook-tip [NFY]
1x Black Arches [NFY]
1x Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing [NFY]
1x Cloaked Minor [NFY]
1x Common Carpet [NFY]
8x Common Rustic [NFY]
1x Dusky Sallow [NFY]
1x Latticed Heath [NFY]
1x Pebble Hook-tip [NFY]
1x Scarce Footman [NFY]
1x September Thorn [NFY]
2x Slender Brindle [NFY]
4x Smoky Wainscot [NFY]
1x Yellow Shell [NFY]
1x Beautiful Golden-Y
4x Bright-line Brown-eye
1x Broad-barred White
2x Buff-tip
4x Buff Arches
1x Clay
2x Clouded Border
2x Common Emerald
10x Common Footman
18x Common Rustic
2x Common Wainscot
1x Coronet
25x Dark Arches
35x Dot Moth
5x Double-striped Pug
2x Double Square-spot
5x Dun-bar
10x Dwarf Cream Wave
1x Early Thorn
2x Elephant Hawk-moth
1x Fern
1x Flame
1x Garden Carpet
1x Grey Dagger
1x Heart & Club
3x Heart & Dart
2x July Highflyer
1x Lackey
6x Large Yellow Underwing
5x Least Carpet
1x Leopard Moth
2x Lesser Yellow Underwing
10x Mottled Beauty
6x Mottled Rustic
5x Nut-tree Tussock
1x Peach Blossom
3x Peppered Moth (inc first f.carbonaria for 3 years)
40x Riband Wave
2x Rustic
3x Scalloped Oak
2x Small Blood-vein
4x Small Emerald
26x Uncertain
8x Willow Beauty
Micro Moths
1x Elachista atricomella [NFG]
1x Sitochroa verticalis [NFG]
5x Acleris forsskaleana [NFY]
1x Acleris variegana [NFY]
1x Acrobasis advenella [NFY]
3x Acrobasis suavella [NFY]
1x Argyresthia albistria [NFY]
1x Blastobasis adustella [NFY]
1x Bucculatrix thoracella [NFY]
1x Carpatolechia fugitivella [NFY]
1x Clavigesta purdeyi [NFY]
1x Donacaula forficella [NFY]
1x Eudemis profundana [NFY]
2x Grapholita janthinana [NFY]
1x Gypsonoma sociana [NFY]
1x Helcystogramma rufescens [NFY]
1x Hypsopygia costalis [NFY]
3x Oegoconia sp [NFY]
1x Pandemis corylana [NFY]
1x Rhopobota naevana [NFY]
1x Tinea semifulvella [NFY]
1x Ypsolopha ustella [NFY]
5x Zeiraphera isertana [NFY]
1x Acleris notana/ferrugana
6x Acleris schalleriana
5x Acentria ephemerella
1x Agonopterix alstromeriana
10x Anania coronata
5x Anania hortulata
2x Archips podana
2x Archips xylosteana
1x Athrips mouffetella
2x Batia lunaris
2x Blastodacna hellerella
1x Bryotropha affinis
1x Emmelina monodactyla
14x Cameraria ohridella
2x Celypha striana
20x Chrysoteuchia culmella
5x Clepsis consimilana
3x Crambus pascuella
2x Cydia pomonella
2x Ditula angustiorana
1x Eana incanana
1x Emmelina monodactyla
25x Endotricha flammealis
2x Epiphyas postvittana
20x Eudonia lacustrata
2x Eudonia mercurella
10x Gypsonoma dealbana
2x Hofmannophila pseudospretella
1x Homoeosoma sinuella
1x Mompha epilobiella
1x Nemapogon sp
1x Pammene fasciana
2x Pammene regiana
1x Pandemis heparana
4x Phycita roborella
5x Pleuroptya ruralis
5x Plutella xylostella
1x Prays fraxinella
1x Pterophorus pentadactyla
5x Scoparia ambigualis
1x Scrobipalpa acuminatella
1x Scythropia crataegella
25x Spilonota ocellana
2x Udea prunalis
25x Yponomeuta evonymella
Hacienda Mundaca
Hard to Climb Stairs
This story behind the hacienda, 4km south of town, is perhaps more intriguing than the ruins that remain. A 19th-century slave trader and reputed pirate, Fermín Antonio Mundaca de Marechaja, fell in love with a local woman known as La Trigueña (Brunette). To win her, Mundaca built a two-story mansion complete with gardens and graceful archways, as well as a small fortification.
But while Mundaca was building the house, La Trigueña married another islander. Brokenhearted, Mundaca died and his house, fortress and garden fell into disrepair. Some documents indicate that Mundaca died during a visit to Mérida and was buried there. Others say he died on the island, and indeed there’s a grave in the town cemetery that supposedly contains his remains. Despite the skull and crossbones on his headstone (a common memento mori) there’s no evidence in history books that Mundaca was ever a pirate. Instead, it is said he accumulated his wealth by transporting slaves from Africa to Cuba, where they were forced to work in mines and sugarcane fields.
Today the mostly ruined complex has some walls and foundations, a large central pond, some rusting cannons and a partially rebuilt house. At the southern end stand a gateway and a small garden. You can still make out the words Entrada de La Trigueña (La Trigueña’s Entrance) etched into the impressive stone arch of the gate.
Read more: www.lonelyplanet.com/mexico/yucatan-peninsula/isla-mujere...
Hnadcuffs are used to restrain violent persons and in situations where the safety of officers or the public are put at risk.
At first it was difficult to get the kite up here ... winds were going from near non-existent to gusty. However, the cross currents were what made it most difficult. Down on the lake far below, the winds were blowing directly up the lake towards me. But, up here where I was, they were blowing from left to right over the lake. Put that all together and you have a difficult kite flying situation.
So, I went a little further along the road, the winds became more consistent and the kite went up without a problem. Then it started to rain. Had no desire to replicate Ben Franklin's experiment, so I reeled in and came home. :-)
This is a reallly interesting area for KAP, though, so I hope to give it another try one of these days. The land mass you see on the left is Glover Island. It is the 18th largest lake island in the world. Grand Lake ... here in this area anyway ... never freezes. On Glover Island there are a number of other ponds and lakes, but near its center is a lake which also contains seven other islands. Those islands, and there aren't many like it in the world, are islands in a lake on an island in a lake on an island. If it weren't so difficult to get to, I'd love to fly a kite over it and get some shots.
Since the Napoleonic Wars, Sweden has pursued a policy of strict neutrality in Europe’s many wars; however, its position, squarely between Western Europe and Russia and along the Baltic Sea, has made maintaining that neutrality difficult. In a potential war between NATO and the Warsaw Pact, Sweden assumed that it would likely be overflown by both sides, and given its fierce defense of its territorial waters by Soviet submarines, that Sweden could not rely on the Soviets not to strike at Sweden during a hypothetical conflict. Therefore, the nation not only needed the very best its aerospace industry could field, but also aircraft that could operate away from fixed bases and be repaired by a wartime Swedish armed forces, which would be made up largely of ill-trained conscripts.
Just after World War II, Sweden had already entered the jet age by converting its pusher-propeller Saab J21 fighter to jet propulsion, but this was only an interim solution. With the United States fielding the F-84 Thunderjet and F-86 Sabre, and the Soviet Union the MiG-15, Saab decided to “steal a march” on both nations by fielding what was then a radical concept: an all-delta winged interceptor. Delta wings were barely on the drawing boards of the superpowers, but by 1952, Saab had built the Saab 210 Lillidraken (Little Dragon) proof-of-concept aircraft, and by October 1955, the first J35 Draken (Dragon) had taken to the air, at a time when the United States was still struggling with the F-102 Delta Dagger and the Soviet Union with the MiG-21. Despite its radical nature (for the time), the Draken’s test program went smoothly and it accidentally went supersonic on its second flight soon after takeoff.
Since the Draken was intended as a point-defense interceptor, dogfighting capability was considered secondary, but Swedish pilots found the J35 to have superb manueverability, especially in snap turns. To save time and money, Saab used license-built British engines and French radars. The only fault found in the Draken was a lack of sufficient thrust in sustained climbs, and so J35As were retrofitted with better afterburners, necessitating a stretch in the fuselage, which in turn forced Saab to equip the Draken with a tailwheel to prevent damaging the tail on takeoff.
So ahead of its time was the Draken that it had a long and fruitful career. It was continually updated, deleting one gun in favor of improving its missile armament: the J35F, which entered service in 1965, could carry four AIM-4 Falcons, while later J35Js and export versions could carry AIM-9 Sidewinders. Though the AJ37 Viggen mostly replaced it in service by 1980, J35J Drakens remained in the Swedish inventory until 1995, and there was serious consideration to even more updates to the design, due to the delays in the Viggen’s replacement, the JAS39 Gripen. It would be exported to the nonaligned Finnish Air Force, which would operate S35Fs until replaced by the F/A-18C Hornet in 2000, and Denmark, which operated S35XDs until 1993, when they were replaced by F-16A Fighting Falcons. A final export customer came in 1993, very late in the Draken’s career, in Austria: the Austrian Army Air Force had been relying on the obsolescent Saab 105O, but with war breaking out in the nearby Balkans, Austria feared that the slow Saab 105O would not be able to stop overflights. Reconditioned J35Ds were supplied to Austria as the S35O, which would be the last Drakens in service, retired in 2005 in favor of the Eurofighter Typhoon.
644 were built, and several dozen survive, most in flyable condition—six are flown by the US National Test Pilot School at Mojave, California, which operates the Drakens as trainers, target-towing aircraft, and occasionally as aggressors for Top Gun and Red Flag.
Drakens were still commonplace in Europe when Dad was assigned to Germany from 1977-1980. I was able to find a better picture (taken in full daylight) of this aircraft, and have replaced it. I believe this TF.35XD was assigned to 729 Squadron at Skrydstrup, Denmark. This shot does not show the semigloss finish as the old picture; Denmark, at the time, painted nearly all of its aircraft overall dark green.
I'm happy to say that this Draken is still around and has not been scrapped; after its Danish service, it was flown by the National Test Pilots' School at Mojave, California for several decades, and today is on display at Boron, California.
EDIT (2023): And I saw it again, 45 years later: www.flickr.com/photos/31469080@N07/52968556145/in/photoli...
In the extremely difficult and stressful time that we are all in now, please do remember to be patient and to be kind and thankful to everyone who still has to work, especially Health Care workers - my daughter is one of them, and she said that she is overly stressed and exhausted, partly because of families and visitors who lose their temper over restrictions that have been put in place in the hospital.
About a week ago, I finally made a trip to a couple of stores, that I really didn't want to do. I knew that if there were a lot of people, I would instead turn around and go home. I needed food and I did buy an extra one of various items - but no hoarding. The cashier at the food store told me that one of the younger cashiers had been in tears because of being yelled at by some customers. At the drug store, the young woman cashier told me that she was so stressed out, again partly because of angry, yelling customers, that she was about to burst into tears. We had a good talk, as there was no one waiting behind me in line, and I made sure to thank her for meticulously sanitizing the work space at the till. A few kind words can make all the difference, people! There were no line-ups at either store, for which I was extremely thankful. I know I do need to be very careful myself - I have 3 of the risk factors; age, high blood pressure, and the most concerning being a chronic cough that I have had for maybe 10 or so years, which sometimes turns into a coughing fit where I can't breath. Went through all sorts of tests but no one could find a cause. So, here I am, still coughing! The last thing I would want is the Coronavirus cough on top of it! Stay safe and well, everyone!!
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CORONAVIRUS UPDATE, 16 March 2020: 74 confirmed cases in Alberta, 342 in Canada. 4 deaths in Canada - so far, all have been in British Columbia.
CORONAVIRUS UPDATE, 17 March 2020: 97 confirmed cases in Alberta, 447 cases in Canada. 70 confirmed cases in the Calgary Zone. 7 deaths in Canada.
CORONAVIRUS UPDATE, 18 March 2020: 119 confirmed cases in Alberta, 83 confirmed cases in Calgary Zone, 591 in Canada. 8 deaths in Canada.
CORONAVIRUS UPDATE, 19 March 2020: 146 confirmed cases in Alberta, 101 confirmed cases in Calgary Zone, 736 in Canada. 9 deaths in Canada, 1 death in Alberta.
CORONAVIRUS UPDATE, 20 March 2020: 195 (up from 146!) confirmed cases in Alberta, 101 confirmed cases in Calgary Zone, 846 in Canada. 10 deaths in Canada, 1 death in Alberta.
CORONAVIRUS UPDATE, 22 March 2020: 259 (up from 226) confirmed cases in Alberta, 1,302 (up from 1,048) in Canada. 19 deaths in Canada, 1 death in Alberta.
CORONAVIRUS UPDATE, 23 March 2020: 301 (up from 259) confirmed cases in Alberta, 1,432 (up from 1,302) in Canada. 20 deaths in Canada, 1 death in Alberta.
CORONAVIRUS UPDATE, 26 March 2020: 419 (up from 358) confirmed cases in Alberta, 3,385 (up from 2,020) in Canada. 250 in the Calgary Zone (1 death). 35 deaths in Canada, 2 deaths in Alberta. Completed tests (as of March 25) in Alberta 35,089 - 419 positive.
www.alberta.ca/coronavirus-info-for-albertans.aspx
24 March 2020: "14 people sick at Calgary care centre (the McKenzie Towne Continuing Care Centre) where woman died of COVID-19."
calgary.ctvnews.ca/14-people-sick-at-calgary-care-centre-...
National Parks in Canada have now been shut down.
Olympics 2020 in Japan has been postponed to 2021.
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Wednesday, 25 March 2020: our temperature this afternoon is -3C (windchill -5C). Sunrise is at 7:25 am, and sunset is at 7:59 pm. Sunny today.
The 8 photos posted today were all taken on Day 11 of our 13-day birding trip to South Texas, in March 2019. The first place we went to was the Birding and Nature Centre, on South Padre Island. The afternoon before, we had spent two hours there, but our "proper" visit was for three hours in the morning of Day 11. Such a great place!
Simply amazing artist! "The South Padre Island Convention Center boasts one of only 100 Wyland Whaling Wall murals. The mural titled "Orcas of the Gulf of Mexico," depicts life-sized killer whales and is number 53 of Wyland's Whaling Walls series."
This is a list of Whaling Walls, which are large outdoor murals by the artist Robert Wyland, featuring images of life-size gray whales, breaching humpback whales, blue whales, and other sea life. Whaling Walls (a pun on the Wailing Wall) are created by invitation of the communities, institutions, and building owners of the structures on which they are painted. The one hundredth and possibly final Whaling Wall was painted in Beijing in 2008" From Wikipedia.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Whaling_Walls
Someone told us about a different location, and a short drive south from the Centre took us to around W Sheepshead St and Laguna Blvd, where we saw a Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Monarch butterflies, and a Green Anole (lizard).
We had our picnic lunch at the nearby Convention Centre, which is near the Birding and Nature Centre, and then looked for a Yellow-throated Warbler near the Centre. Amazingly, we did see it, along with a Black-and-white Warbler and a Wilson's Warbler. Not easy trying to photograph these fast-moving little birds that get hidden among the branches.
Driving north again, we called in at a beach that was part of the Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, where we could enjoy seeing the ocean waves and Laughing Gulls. This was our last stop before returning to our hotel, the Holiday Inn Express & Suites, Brownsville.
The next day, 30 March 2019, we had to drive from Brownsville to Houston, where we stayed for one night at La Quinta Inn & Suites Houston. The following day, we flew from Bush Intl Airport back to Calgary. What a fantastic holiday we had!
She studied at the St. Petersburg Conservatory (with Alexander had supposed - we interviewed him) and sings in many European countries. And on the street it is difficult to find because of the opera singers (and even on the conductors) always think they are a huge growth - those who are on the scene, always a cut above those in the audience. In fact, in art, everything is a little different than we think.
Liubov BELOTSERKOVSKAYA:
THREE "THANK YOU"
THREE "LOVE"
JUNIOR CLASSES AND ITALY
As the concert began a stormy life?
Long ago, with lessons on the piano. We went with my parents at the two international competition, and even occupied. They had the euphoria - hurray, our child will be a musician. Then it all started. Why tumultuous life? Interventions require daily activities; stormy life - it is rough work. I was five years old started practicing the piano, and won the first contest, it seems, at nine. Four years of painstaking training, and you're the first prize winner, so anything is possible.
They say that musicians do not have child ...
Of course, nothing is achieved without difficulty, but in the nine years I have visited in Italy. In the class asked me: "Well, how is it? .."
Jealous, I guess.
Respected.
PLAYER AND GERGIEV
The first "LOVE"
And listen to what music?
The player I have a classic. Sometimes I like listening to soundtracks to old Hollywood movies, Japanese movies and cartoons - when they are recorded with a symphony orchestra. We have a branch in St. Petersburg, directing - they love to put this music dance and other activities, and they want me and supply it. In general, modern classical authors in Russia are not enough. But we have an interesting cable channel "Mezzo", which sometimes show, for example, the modern opera productions. At the Mariinsky Theatre in "White Nights" has been modernized production of Wagner, a special interest to obtain "Tristan und Isolde." This concert was staged without costumes. Behind a screen, which aired video. It was very organic, with foreign soloists. And he knows how to be an organic Gergiev - no vulgarity, no inconsistencies: the music of Wagner, is a modern video director, they may be together.
AFTERNOON IN VENICE
SECOND "LOVE"
Tell us about the last competition.
The contest was held from 2 to 6 July in Padua ...
I really wanted to swim in the sea. We just drove by bus from Venice to Padua on a large bridge across the sea. It was a dream to go out and swim, but no one was swimming - nobody knows where they are the beaches.
Local does not disclose a secret?
No. They are tan, lying in the park, as we have in St. Petersburg, and swimming near Venice itself is prohibited, there is a company and the water is probably not very clean. And somewhere else on the beaches they are, I think, go on the weekends. And on weekends the city is empty, do not ask anyone. On Sunday, Italy dies, everything is closed, the scene of the western: noon, the streets are empty.
And how is it?
If you look at the city as a whole, and not inside the buildings - murals, paintings - you need to go back to the carnival or winter. Very hot, stagnant water in the canals. The town is small, very beautiful and very unique. He did not like Padua, bears no resemblance to Venice Mestre, which is on land.
In September I went to three concerts in Holland - this is my favorite country. I was in Harlem, in Amsterdam. The same North Sea, in St. Petersburg in St. Petersburg but if I'm sick and there, in Holland, I'm getting better.
There is a special student. People go to the festival films in small towns. They can go to another city just to listen to it a new opera production. Which one of us would go for this, for example, in St. Petersburg?
VERY HIGH CEILINGS
Those who organize the tours and help along the way and relax?
Trying to help. And sometimes it turns out to combine - some of the concerts are very beautiful. For example, we sang in Venice in the Palazzo Dzakko - a small feudal mansion, but he is built like a Venetian palace, with a through passage to the garden with fountains - you can have fun and seeing a building.
Or ancient European cathedrals - great place. And sing, and watch.
Speakers like?
Yes, there is fertile acoustics, especially for slow pieces. The church works often slow. Musicians are joking, "wrote potatoes" whole empty notes. Perhaps it sounds worse than a quick product: the sound goes, there is too much reverberation. And so - excellent acoustics, no need to give away, you can easily sing piano. The older church - the better acoustics.
In the old European cathedrals had to sing?
In the Netherlands - in Harlem, and in Germany, in a historic cathedral - it was just a charity concert to raise funds for its restoration of the frescoes. Speakers there was phenomenal.
HVOROSTOVSKY AND MICROPHONE
A popular in Europe, outdoor concerts, where artists are at ease - it's more complex form of speech?
This can be explained by the fact that people come to Europe to enjoy a classical concert, they need to show. Now all aimed at making the show, so there are artists like Hvorostovsky - and they can see and hear - artists like Netrebko.
On the other hand, a form of a concert close to the theater: you can run around the stage, gesticulating. A character embodied in the theater - it is easier than being in a concert.
Why do we have such a form of concerts are not held?
Maybe artists are afraid of themselves? We have no such equipment, as in the West. Maybe you noticed - at these concerts, singing into a microphone. But the microphone is not like our pop stars, and made especially for them, perceiving other frequencies. We have the technology there is little, only in Moscow, where, incidentally, had already arranged the speeches. For example, on the Sparrow Hills - May 9, Hvorostovsky sang it. There is, of course, were of good quality microphones. But I think that as long as the necessary equipment becomes more widespread, the practice shows such a plan even if enthusiasts will spread very slowly.
PARIS - TOKYO
THIRD "LOVE"
Plans for the far-distant future?
In Japan, the same has always been my dream to go, so heard-read about it - Ovichinnikova and other Orientalists. In short, I want to go there.
Invite?
There are clues, but let's see what time will tell.
And what promise to be the embodiment of dreams?
The biggest dream is to be realized in December - a concert in Paris.
In Paris the first time? And - what?
Of course, at Notre Dame. Walking on the Cité. Maybe even go to the cemetery. We will implement the plan, which is in the movie "Paris, je t'aime."
Maybe I'll see Paris and die.
PODVERSTKA: three "thank you"
After the interview Liubov Belotserkovskaya asked to convey my gratitude to my teacher, Tamara Novichenko. It Honored Artist of Russia and the professor. And yet - the parents and accompanists.
Text - Potap PLYUSCHSCH
Photos from the personal archives of Love BELOTSERKOVSKY
The internet has made churchcrawling easier, and so some churches that prooved difficult to see inside can be contacted and visits arranged.
Over the years, several have taken a couple of years or more to see inside: Thannington, Hinxhill, Preston and Betteshanger just off the top of my head. But most difficult have been Barming.
We first visited here one Good Friday over a decade ago, one of several along the valley that were either closed or had services on. Since then I have been insde Mereworth and Waterningbury, but each time we went past Barming, it has been closed.
Then a few weeks ago, a friend posted pictures from inside, and told me he had arranged a visit from their website. I did the same, though one visit a few weeks back had to be postponed, a few weeks later I was back, hoping to meet a warden at ten.
It was at least a fine sunny and warm spring morning, perfect for snapping the churchyard and finding yet more details on the body of the church to record.
St Margaret sites halfway between the River Medway and the old high road out of Maidstone, and once might have been a separate village from Maidstone, but is now just a suburb of the town. The church sits down a dead end lane, and is really a wonderful location overlooking the valley to East Farleigh on the other bank.
The churchyard is filled with spring bulbs, and so in spring it is a riot of colour.
I saw the warden park her car, and walk towards me, so I get up from the bench near the porch to meet her, and than her warmly for opening up.
Unusually, I had read up on the church before my visit, and so was aware of the 14th century bench ends in the Chancel. They did not disappoint.
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An isolated church at the end of a lane above the River Medway. Norman origins are obvious - three windows in the east wall indicate the earliest work. The nave is also early and to this was added the fifteenth century tower with stair turret and needle-like spire. The north aisle was a nineteenth century addition and the chancel was restored by Sir Ninian Comper and represents some of his earliest work. Later generations have, unfortunately, undone much of his original design. The memorable feature of the church is the set of fourteenth century Rhenish carvings showing St Michael, Samson and Our Lord worked into bench ends in the chancel.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Barming
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BARMING.
CALLED in antient records, Bermelinge, lies the next parish to East Farleigh, on the opposite or northern side of the river Medway.
THE PARISH of East Barming lies on high ground, declining southward to the valley, through which the river Medway flows, being its southern boundary. It is situated opposite to East Farleigh, than which it has a far less rustic and more ornamented appearance. The soil like that is a fertile loam, slightly covering the quarry rock, from under which several small springs gush out, and run precipitately in trinkling rills into the Medway; it is enriched too with frequent hop and fruit plantations; the fields are in general larger, and surrounded with continued rows of lofty elms and large spreading oaks, which contribute greatly to the pleasantness of the place. The situation of it, as well as of the neighbouring parishes, from Maidstone as far as Mereworth, is exceedingly beautiful, the river Medway meandering its silver stream in the valley beneath, throughout the greatest part of the extent of them; the fertility of soil, the healthiness of air, the rich variety of prospect, adorned by a continued range of capital seats, with their parks and plantations, form altogether an assemblage of objects, in which nature and art appear to have lavished their choicest endeavours, to form a scene teeming with whatever can make it desirable both for pleasure and profit.
The high road from Maidstone to Tunbridge crosses the upper part of the parish of East Barming, over a beautiful, though small plain, called Barmingheath, part of which is in Maidstone parish, a little distance below which is a modern, and rather elegant seat, built by John Whitaker, gent. second son of Mr. Tho. Whitaker, of Trottesclive, since whose death it has come to his nephew, Thomas Whitaker, esq. of Watringbury; but Mr. William Rolfe resides in it. Farther on is the village of Barming, in which is a pleasant seat, called the Homestall, built about the year 1720, by Mr. James Allen, whose heirs are now entitled to the see simple of it; but by the foreclosure of a mortgage term, the possession of it became vested in Arthur Harris, esq. who kept his shrievalty here in 1746; his brother Thomas resided likewise here, and dying unmarried in 1769, gave this seat to Mrs. Mary Dorman for life; remainder to Mr. John Mumford, of Sutton-at-Hone, whom he made heir to the bulk of his fortune; she now possesses and resides in it. A small distance from hence is the seat of Hall-place; hence the ground rises to the coppice woods, part of which lie within this parish, and adjoin to a much larger tract northward. About a quarter of a mile on the other side of the road is the church, standing by itself among a grove of elms, the slight delicate white spire of which rising above the foilage of the grove, affords a pleasing prospect to the neighbouring country. From the above road the village extends southward down the declivity of the hill, almost to the river, over which there is a wooden bridge, built at the expence of the commissioners of the navigation. It is called St. Helen's bridge, from its contiguity to that manor, situated at a very small distance from it; about a mile from the village, close to the eastern boundary of the parish, adjoining to that of Maidstone, on the declivity of the hill, leading down to East Farleigh bridge, is the parsonage, lately almost rebuilt by the present rector, the Rev. Mark Noble, who resides in it, and by his judicious management and improvements has made this benefice, perhaps one of the most desirable in the diocese.
A few years ago several Roman urns, pieces of armour, and skeletons, were dug up within the bounds of this parish; the latter were no doubt belonging to those who fell in the skirmish between the Royalists and Oliverians at Farleigh bridge, in 1648; and the former serves to shew, that the Roman highway, a different one from the larger one of the Watling-street, and directing its course towards Oldborough, in Ightham, led near this place, of which more will be noticed hereafter.
THERE GROWS on Barming heath, the plant, Chamæmelum odoratissimum repens flore simplici, common camomile, in great plenty; and verbascum album vulgare five thapsus barbatus communis, great mul lein, or hightaper, more plentifully, and of a larger size than I have met with elsewhere.
THE MANOR of East Barming was given by king William the conqueror to Richard de Tonebrege, the eldest son of Gislebert earl of Brion, in Normandy, the son of Geffry, natural son of Richard, the first of that name, duke of Normandy, whence he bore the name of Richard Fitz Gilbert at his coming hither; (fn. 1) he was one of the principal persons who came into England with duke William, to whom he gave great assistance in that memorable battle, in which he obtained the crown of this realm. He had for that service, and in respect of his near alliance to him in blood, great advancements in honour, and large possessions both in Normandy and England, bestowed upon him; among the latter he possessed thirty-eight lordships in Surry, thirty-five in Essex, three in Cambridgeshire, three in Kent, one in Middlesex, one in Wiltshire, one in Devonshire, ninety-five in Suffolk, and thirteen burgages in Ipswich, of which Clare was one, besides others in other counties; accordingly, in the survey of Domesday, taken about the year 1080, being the 15th of the Conqueror's reign, this estate is thus entered under the title of, Terra Ricardi F. Gisleb'ti, the land of Richard, the son of Gislebert.
In Medestan hundred the same Richard (de Tonebrige) holds Bermelinge. Alret held it of king Edward (the Confessor) and then and now it was and is taxed at one suling. The arable land is four carucates. In demesne there are two carucates and five villeins, with eight borderers, having five carucates. There are thirteen servants, and one mill of five shillings, and four acres of meadow. Wood for the pannage of ten hogs. In the time of king Edward it was worth four pounds, and afterwards 100 shillings, now four pounds.
This Richard Fitz Gilbert, at the latter end of the Conqueror's reign, was usually called Rich. de Tonebrige, as well from his possessing that town and castle, as from his residence there; and his descendants took the name of Clare, from the like reason of their possessing that honour, and were afterwards earls of Clare, and of Gloucester and Hertford. Of this family, as chief lords of the fee, Barming was afterwards held in moieties by Fulk Peyforer and Roger de Kent, each of whom held their part of the honour of Clare.
In the reign of king Edward II. the heirs of Lora Peyforer and those of Roger de Kent, being Thomas de Barmeling and Wm. de Kent, held these moieties as above mentioned; and in the 20th year of the next reign of king Edward III. John Fitz Jacob, Thomas and John de Kent, held these moieties of this estate, in East Barmeling, of the earl of Gloucester.
THE FORMER OF THESE MOIETIES, held by the family of Peyforer, seems to have comprised the MANOR of EAST BARMING, and to have been given afterwards to the Benedictine nunnery of St. Helen's, in Bishopsgate street, London, whence it acquired the name of ST. HELEN'S, alias East Barming manor, by the former of which only it is now called; with the above priory this manor remained till its dissolution, in king Henry VIII.'s reign, when it was surrendered into the king's hands, who, in his 35th year, granted his manor, called St. Elen's, among other premises, to Richard Callohill, to hold in capite by knights service, who that year sold it to Gabriel Caldham, freemason, of London; and he next year sold it to Tho. Reve, (fn. 2) whose grandson of the same name, in the 4th year of queen Elizabeth, levied a fine of it, and then passed it away by sale to Mr. Stephen Pearse, who some years afterwards alienated it to Sir Robert Brett, on whose death, without surviving issue, in 1620, (fn. 3) this manor came by will to Robert Lynd, esq. who bore for his arms, Argent a cross ingrailed gules; and he sold it to Sir Oliver Boteler, of Teston, in whose descendants it continued down to Sir Philip Boteler, bart. who died in 1772, s. p. and by will gave one moiety of his estates to Mrs. Elizabeth Bouverie, of Chart Sutton; and the other moiety to Elizabeth viscountess dowager Folkestone, and Wm. Bouverie, earl of Radnor; and on a partition afterwards made between them, this manor was allotted to lady Folkestone, who died in 1782, on which it came to her only son, the Hon. Philip Bouverie, who has since taken the name of Pusey, and he is the present owner of it.
This manor extends its jurisdiction over the whole of this parish; the antient house of it, as well as the dove cote, stood nearly at the foot of the hill near St. Helen's bridge; both have been pulled down not many years since.
THE OTHER MOIETY of the estate of East Barming, held by John Fitz Jacob and John de Kent, seems to have passed afterwards into the family of Fremingham; for John, son of Sir Ralph de Fremingham, of Lose, died possessed of it about the 12th year of king Henry IV. and leaving no issue, he by his will gave it to certain feoffees, who, in compliance with it, next year assigned it to John Pimpe, and his heirs male, for the finding and maintaining of two chaplains, one in the monastery of Boxley, and the other in the church of East Farleigh, to celebrate for the souls of himself, his wife, and others their ancestors and relations therein mentioned. From the family of Pimpe this estate came, in king Henry VIII.'s reign, to Sir Henry Isley, who by the act of the 2d and 3d of king Edward VI. procured his lands in this county to be disgavelled.
Being concerned in the rebellion raised by Sir Tho. Wyatt, in the 1st year of queen Mary, he was attainted, and his lands were consiscated to the crown, whence this estate was granted that year to Sir John Baker, the queen's attorney general, to hold in capite by knights service; (fn. 4) in whose descendants it continued down to Sir John Baker, bart. of Sissinghurst, of whom it seems to have been purchased in the reign of king Charles II. by Golding, who died possessed of it in 1674, and was buried in this church, bearing for his arms, A cross voided, between four lions passant guardant. His son, Mr. Henry Golding, gent. about the year 1700, alienated this estate to Nicholas Amhurst, gent. of West Barming, who died possessed of it in 1715; and his grandson, John Amhurst, esq. is the present possessor of it.
HALL PLACE is a reputed manor in this parish, the antient mansion of which is situated at a small distance westward of the present seat, and is little more than an ordinary cottage, serving as a farm house to a small parcel of land. It formerly gave both residence and surname to a family, written in antient deeds, At-Hall, who before the end of the reign of king Edward III. had alienated their interest in the greatest part of it to one of the Colepepers, of Preston, in Aylesford, and the rest of it to Clive; and this part was by John Clive, about the 7th year of king Henry IV. likewise conveyed to Colepeper, who in the 10th year of that reign passed away the entire fee of it to Sampson Mascall, whose family was originally of Mascall's, in Brenchley, and in his descendants Hall-place continued till the latter end of queen Elizabeth's reign, when it was conveyed to Alchorne, whose ancestors were possessed of Alchorne in Rotherfield, in Sussex; in which name the fee of this estate remained at the time of king Charles II.'s restoration, but the use and profits of it were made over, for a long series of years, to Mr. Cook, of Stepney; and he, in 1656, alienated his interest in it to Mr. Rich. Webb, rector of this parish, who in 1667, gave it to his grandson, Richard Webb, gent. who, in 1726, conveyed it by sale to Mr. Peter Smart, who bore for his arms, Argent, a chevron between three pheons sable; about which time Christopher Smart, the poet, is said to have been born in this parish; at length, Mr. Peter Smart's widow, and their children, in 1746, passed away their interest in it to John Cale, esq. who resided here, and dying in 1777, was buried in this churchyard, having been a benefactor to the poor of this parish; and by his will he devised this, among the rest of his estates in this county, to the heirs of Tho. Prowse, esq. of Axbridge, in Somersetshire; in consequence of which his two daughters and coheirs became intitled to it; the youngest of whom married Sir John Mordaunt, bart. of Walton, in Warwickshire, and they became possessed of this estate in undivided moieties, and in 1781, joined in the sale of it to John Amhurst, esq. of Barnjet, the present owner of it.
CHARITIES.
THOMAS HARRIS, esq. of this parish, in 1769, gave by will, 5l. per annum for fifty years, 2s. of it to be given to the poor of this parish in bread, on each Sunday in the year, excepting Easter and Whitsunday.
JOHN CALE, esq. of this parish, in 1777, gave by will the sum of 200l. in East India annuities, the interest of it to be given to the poor yearly at Christmas, in linen and bread, vested in trustees, of the annual produce of 61.
THIS PARISH is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Rochester and deanry of Malling.
The church, which is dedicated to St. Margaret, is a small building, consisting of one isle and a chancel, with an elegant spire steeple. The present rector, Mr. Noble, about twelve years ago, at his own expence, entirely repaired and ornamented the chancel; he gave likewise a new altar and pulpit cloth, and cushion; and the parishioners, followed his example, in the repair and ornamenting of the church itself; so that from being one of the most neglected, it is become equal to most of the neighbouring churches in those respects.
Walter, bishop of Rochester, in the reign of king Stephen, confirmed to the prior and canon of Ledes the patronage of the church of Barmyng, as it was granted to them by the lords of the soil, and confirmed to them by their charters.
Gilbert, bishop of Rochester, in the reign of king Henry II. granted to the prior and canons two shillings, to be received by them yearly, as a pension from this church, saving the episcopal right of the bishop of Rochester, &c. (fn. 5) The patronage of the church of Barming, together with this pension, remained part of the possessions of the above mentioned priory till the dissolution of it in the reign of king Henry VIII. when it came into the king's hands. Since which, the patronage of this rectory has continued vested in the crown, but the above mentioned yearly pension of two shillings was, by the king's dotation charter, in his 33d year, settled on his new erected dean and chapter of Rochester, who are now intitled to it.
¶In the 15th year of king Edward I. the church of Barmelyng was valued at twelve marcs. It is valued in the king's books at 12l. 7s. 1d. and the yearly tenths at 1l. 5s. 8½d.z The glebe land belonging to this rectory contains eighty-three acres.
Automobilistes, face aux difficultés, c'est promis, nous allons demander à notre maire Delphine Labails, renommait par certains : miss Caterpillar, de faire abattre le gros bâtiment de la Renaissance qui entrave votre circulation en ruelle piétonne et historique... il ne sert à rien ! Vous avez un allié de poids... car Delphine Labails, elle s'en fout totalement du patrimoine... saccager, détruire, c'est donc dans ses cordes... on pourrait même dire que c'est sa raison première. (Bon devant la presse, elle tente de faire bonne figure en disant qu'il faut mettre en valeur le patrimoine de la ville... en douce, elle saccage un circuit touristique, et piéton, entier, en faisant débouler quotidiennement ses innombrables bagnoles dans des ruelles strictement interdites à la circulation... oui, une sacrée comédienne la Delphine).
Le plus terrible, c'est que cette petite comédienne ne se rend même pas compte qu'elle devient une honte nationale, la risée de tous ! Une inconsciente...
Madame Delphine Labails, maire de Périgueux, ou une vision des années soixante dix... Un échantillon parmi 8000 photos d'infractions prises par des riverains en quelques mois dans deux-trois ruelles exclusivement piétonnes, historiques à cinquante mètres d'une cathédrale classée au patrimoine de l'UNESCO) du grand saccage orchestré par cette dame à Périgueux. 8000 infractions d'automobiles, zéro verbalisation... un authentique record national... pour des ruelles piétonnes, à mettre au crédit de notre maire actuelle madame Delphine Labails... Cherchez donc l'erreur ! Merci madame Labails... Deux années que nous prévenons cette dame de son grand saccage... en vain ! Les riverains, les passants, les enfants, les touristes... Elle ? Dans dans sa grande léthargie... elle s'en contrefiche... alors oui une vision... des années soixante dix... Si nous sommes effrayés par une telle incompétence ? Oui. De grâce... sauvez nous de cette dame issue d'une autre époque...
le.grand.saccage@gmail.com
The internet has made churchcrawling easier, and so some churches that prooved difficult to see inside can be contacted and visits arranged.
Over the years, several have taken a couple of years or more to see inside: Thannington, Hinxhill, Preston and Betteshanger just off the top of my head. But most difficult have been Barming.
We first visited here one Good Friday over a decade ago, one of several along the valley that were either closed or had services on. Since then I have been insde Mereworth and Waterningbury, but each time we went past Barming, it has been closed.
Then a few weeks ago, a friend posted pictures from inside, and told me he had arranged a visit from their website. I did the same, though one visit a few weeks back had to be postponed, a few weeks later I was back, hoping to meet a warden at ten.
It was at least a fine sunny and warm spring morning, perfect for snapping the churchyard and finding yet more details on the body of the church to record.
St Margaret sites halfway between the River Medway and the old high road out of Maidstone, and once might have been a separate village from Maidstone, but is now just a suburb of the town. The church sits down a dead end lane, and is really a wonderful location overlooking the valley to East Farleigh on the other bank.
The churchyard is filled with spring bulbs, and so in spring it is a riot of colour.
I saw the warden park her car, and walk towards me, so I get up from the bench near the porch to meet her, and than her warmly for opening up.
Unusually, I had read up on the church before my visit, and so was aware of the 14th century bench ends in the Chancel. They did not disappoint.
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An isolated church at the end of a lane above the River Medway. Norman origins are obvious - three windows in the east wall indicate the earliest work. The nave is also early and to this was added the fifteenth century tower with stair turret and needle-like spire. The north aisle was a nineteenth century addition and the chancel was restored by Sir Ninian Comper and represents some of his earliest work. Later generations have, unfortunately, undone much of his original design. The memorable feature of the church is the set of fourteenth century Rhenish carvings showing St Michael, Samson and Our Lord worked into bench ends in the chancel.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Barming
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BARMING.
CALLED in antient records, Bermelinge, lies the next parish to East Farleigh, on the opposite or northern side of the river Medway.
THE PARISH of East Barming lies on high ground, declining southward to the valley, through which the river Medway flows, being its southern boundary. It is situated opposite to East Farleigh, than which it has a far less rustic and more ornamented appearance. The soil like that is a fertile loam, slightly covering the quarry rock, from under which several small springs gush out, and run precipitately in trinkling rills into the Medway; it is enriched too with frequent hop and fruit plantations; the fields are in general larger, and surrounded with continued rows of lofty elms and large spreading oaks, which contribute greatly to the pleasantness of the place. The situation of it, as well as of the neighbouring parishes, from Maidstone as far as Mereworth, is exceedingly beautiful, the river Medway meandering its silver stream in the valley beneath, throughout the greatest part of the extent of them; the fertility of soil, the healthiness of air, the rich variety of prospect, adorned by a continued range of capital seats, with their parks and plantations, form altogether an assemblage of objects, in which nature and art appear to have lavished their choicest endeavours, to form a scene teeming with whatever can make it desirable both for pleasure and profit.
The high road from Maidstone to Tunbridge crosses the upper part of the parish of East Barming, over a beautiful, though small plain, called Barmingheath, part of which is in Maidstone parish, a little distance below which is a modern, and rather elegant seat, built by John Whitaker, gent. second son of Mr. Tho. Whitaker, of Trottesclive, since whose death it has come to his nephew, Thomas Whitaker, esq. of Watringbury; but Mr. William Rolfe resides in it. Farther on is the village of Barming, in which is a pleasant seat, called the Homestall, built about the year 1720, by Mr. James Allen, whose heirs are now entitled to the see simple of it; but by the foreclosure of a mortgage term, the possession of it became vested in Arthur Harris, esq. who kept his shrievalty here in 1746; his brother Thomas resided likewise here, and dying unmarried in 1769, gave this seat to Mrs. Mary Dorman for life; remainder to Mr. John Mumford, of Sutton-at-Hone, whom he made heir to the bulk of his fortune; she now possesses and resides in it. A small distance from hence is the seat of Hall-place; hence the ground rises to the coppice woods, part of which lie within this parish, and adjoin to a much larger tract northward. About a quarter of a mile on the other side of the road is the church, standing by itself among a grove of elms, the slight delicate white spire of which rising above the foilage of the grove, affords a pleasing prospect to the neighbouring country. From the above road the village extends southward down the declivity of the hill, almost to the river, over which there is a wooden bridge, built at the expence of the commissioners of the navigation. It is called St. Helen's bridge, from its contiguity to that manor, situated at a very small distance from it; about a mile from the village, close to the eastern boundary of the parish, adjoining to that of Maidstone, on the declivity of the hill, leading down to East Farleigh bridge, is the parsonage, lately almost rebuilt by the present rector, the Rev. Mark Noble, who resides in it, and by his judicious management and improvements has made this benefice, perhaps one of the most desirable in the diocese.
A few years ago several Roman urns, pieces of armour, and skeletons, were dug up within the bounds of this parish; the latter were no doubt belonging to those who fell in the skirmish between the Royalists and Oliverians at Farleigh bridge, in 1648; and the former serves to shew, that the Roman highway, a different one from the larger one of the Watling-street, and directing its course towards Oldborough, in Ightham, led near this place, of which more will be noticed hereafter.
THERE GROWS on Barming heath, the plant, Chamæmelum odoratissimum repens flore simplici, common camomile, in great plenty; and verbascum album vulgare five thapsus barbatus communis, great mul lein, or hightaper, more plentifully, and of a larger size than I have met with elsewhere.
THE MANOR of East Barming was given by king William the conqueror to Richard de Tonebrege, the eldest son of Gislebert earl of Brion, in Normandy, the son of Geffry, natural son of Richard, the first of that name, duke of Normandy, whence he bore the name of Richard Fitz Gilbert at his coming hither; (fn. 1) he was one of the principal persons who came into England with duke William, to whom he gave great assistance in that memorable battle, in which he obtained the crown of this realm. He had for that service, and in respect of his near alliance to him in blood, great advancements in honour, and large possessions both in Normandy and England, bestowed upon him; among the latter he possessed thirty-eight lordships in Surry, thirty-five in Essex, three in Cambridgeshire, three in Kent, one in Middlesex, one in Wiltshire, one in Devonshire, ninety-five in Suffolk, and thirteen burgages in Ipswich, of which Clare was one, besides others in other counties; accordingly, in the survey of Domesday, taken about the year 1080, being the 15th of the Conqueror's reign, this estate is thus entered under the title of, Terra Ricardi F. Gisleb'ti, the land of Richard, the son of Gislebert.
In Medestan hundred the same Richard (de Tonebrige) holds Bermelinge. Alret held it of king Edward (the Confessor) and then and now it was and is taxed at one suling. The arable land is four carucates. In demesne there are two carucates and five villeins, with eight borderers, having five carucates. There are thirteen servants, and one mill of five shillings, and four acres of meadow. Wood for the pannage of ten hogs. In the time of king Edward it was worth four pounds, and afterwards 100 shillings, now four pounds.
This Richard Fitz Gilbert, at the latter end of the Conqueror's reign, was usually called Rich. de Tonebrige, as well from his possessing that town and castle, as from his residence there; and his descendants took the name of Clare, from the like reason of their possessing that honour, and were afterwards earls of Clare, and of Gloucester and Hertford. Of this family, as chief lords of the fee, Barming was afterwards held in moieties by Fulk Peyforer and Roger de Kent, each of whom held their part of the honour of Clare.
In the reign of king Edward II. the heirs of Lora Peyforer and those of Roger de Kent, being Thomas de Barmeling and Wm. de Kent, held these moieties as above mentioned; and in the 20th year of the next reign of king Edward III. John Fitz Jacob, Thomas and John de Kent, held these moieties of this estate, in East Barmeling, of the earl of Gloucester.
THE FORMER OF THESE MOIETIES, held by the family of Peyforer, seems to have comprised the MANOR of EAST BARMING, and to have been given afterwards to the Benedictine nunnery of St. Helen's, in Bishopsgate street, London, whence it acquired the name of ST. HELEN'S, alias East Barming manor, by the former of which only it is now called; with the above priory this manor remained till its dissolution, in king Henry VIII.'s reign, when it was surrendered into the king's hands, who, in his 35th year, granted his manor, called St. Elen's, among other premises, to Richard Callohill, to hold in capite by knights service, who that year sold it to Gabriel Caldham, freemason, of London; and he next year sold it to Tho. Reve, (fn. 2) whose grandson of the same name, in the 4th year of queen Elizabeth, levied a fine of it, and then passed it away by sale to Mr. Stephen Pearse, who some years afterwards alienated it to Sir Robert Brett, on whose death, without surviving issue, in 1620, (fn. 3) this manor came by will to Robert Lynd, esq. who bore for his arms, Argent a cross ingrailed gules; and he sold it to Sir Oliver Boteler, of Teston, in whose descendants it continued down to Sir Philip Boteler, bart. who died in 1772, s. p. and by will gave one moiety of his estates to Mrs. Elizabeth Bouverie, of Chart Sutton; and the other moiety to Elizabeth viscountess dowager Folkestone, and Wm. Bouverie, earl of Radnor; and on a partition afterwards made between them, this manor was allotted to lady Folkestone, who died in 1782, on which it came to her only son, the Hon. Philip Bouverie, who has since taken the name of Pusey, and he is the present owner of it.
This manor extends its jurisdiction over the whole of this parish; the antient house of it, as well as the dove cote, stood nearly at the foot of the hill near St. Helen's bridge; both have been pulled down not many years since.
THE OTHER MOIETY of the estate of East Barming, held by John Fitz Jacob and John de Kent, seems to have passed afterwards into the family of Fremingham; for John, son of Sir Ralph de Fremingham, of Lose, died possessed of it about the 12th year of king Henry IV. and leaving no issue, he by his will gave it to certain feoffees, who, in compliance with it, next year assigned it to John Pimpe, and his heirs male, for the finding and maintaining of two chaplains, one in the monastery of Boxley, and the other in the church of East Farleigh, to celebrate for the souls of himself, his wife, and others their ancestors and relations therein mentioned. From the family of Pimpe this estate came, in king Henry VIII.'s reign, to Sir Henry Isley, who by the act of the 2d and 3d of king Edward VI. procured his lands in this county to be disgavelled.
Being concerned in the rebellion raised by Sir Tho. Wyatt, in the 1st year of queen Mary, he was attainted, and his lands were consiscated to the crown, whence this estate was granted that year to Sir John Baker, the queen's attorney general, to hold in capite by knights service; (fn. 4) in whose descendants it continued down to Sir John Baker, bart. of Sissinghurst, of whom it seems to have been purchased in the reign of king Charles II. by Golding, who died possessed of it in 1674, and was buried in this church, bearing for his arms, A cross voided, between four lions passant guardant. His son, Mr. Henry Golding, gent. about the year 1700, alienated this estate to Nicholas Amhurst, gent. of West Barming, who died possessed of it in 1715; and his grandson, John Amhurst, esq. is the present possessor of it.
HALL PLACE is a reputed manor in this parish, the antient mansion of which is situated at a small distance westward of the present seat, and is little more than an ordinary cottage, serving as a farm house to a small parcel of land. It formerly gave both residence and surname to a family, written in antient deeds, At-Hall, who before the end of the reign of king Edward III. had alienated their interest in the greatest part of it to one of the Colepepers, of Preston, in Aylesford, and the rest of it to Clive; and this part was by John Clive, about the 7th year of king Henry IV. likewise conveyed to Colepeper, who in the 10th year of that reign passed away the entire fee of it to Sampson Mascall, whose family was originally of Mascall's, in Brenchley, and in his descendants Hall-place continued till the latter end of queen Elizabeth's reign, when it was conveyed to Alchorne, whose ancestors were possessed of Alchorne in Rotherfield, in Sussex; in which name the fee of this estate remained at the time of king Charles II.'s restoration, but the use and profits of it were made over, for a long series of years, to Mr. Cook, of Stepney; and he, in 1656, alienated his interest in it to Mr. Rich. Webb, rector of this parish, who in 1667, gave it to his grandson, Richard Webb, gent. who, in 1726, conveyed it by sale to Mr. Peter Smart, who bore for his arms, Argent, a chevron between three pheons sable; about which time Christopher Smart, the poet, is said to have been born in this parish; at length, Mr. Peter Smart's widow, and their children, in 1746, passed away their interest in it to John Cale, esq. who resided here, and dying in 1777, was buried in this churchyard, having been a benefactor to the poor of this parish; and by his will he devised this, among the rest of his estates in this county, to the heirs of Tho. Prowse, esq. of Axbridge, in Somersetshire; in consequence of which his two daughters and coheirs became intitled to it; the youngest of whom married Sir John Mordaunt, bart. of Walton, in Warwickshire, and they became possessed of this estate in undivided moieties, and in 1781, joined in the sale of it to John Amhurst, esq. of Barnjet, the present owner of it.
CHARITIES.
THOMAS HARRIS, esq. of this parish, in 1769, gave by will, 5l. per annum for fifty years, 2s. of it to be given to the poor of this parish in bread, on each Sunday in the year, excepting Easter and Whitsunday.
JOHN CALE, esq. of this parish, in 1777, gave by will the sum of 200l. in East India annuities, the interest of it to be given to the poor yearly at Christmas, in linen and bread, vested in trustees, of the annual produce of 61.
THIS PARISH is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Rochester and deanry of Malling.
The church, which is dedicated to St. Margaret, is a small building, consisting of one isle and a chancel, with an elegant spire steeple. The present rector, Mr. Noble, about twelve years ago, at his own expence, entirely repaired and ornamented the chancel; he gave likewise a new altar and pulpit cloth, and cushion; and the parishioners, followed his example, in the repair and ornamenting of the church itself; so that from being one of the most neglected, it is become equal to most of the neighbouring churches in those respects.
Walter, bishop of Rochester, in the reign of king Stephen, confirmed to the prior and canon of Ledes the patronage of the church of Barmyng, as it was granted to them by the lords of the soil, and confirmed to them by their charters.
Gilbert, bishop of Rochester, in the reign of king Henry II. granted to the prior and canons two shillings, to be received by them yearly, as a pension from this church, saving the episcopal right of the bishop of Rochester, &c. (fn. 5) The patronage of the church of Barming, together with this pension, remained part of the possessions of the above mentioned priory till the dissolution of it in the reign of king Henry VIII. when it came into the king's hands. Since which, the patronage of this rectory has continued vested in the crown, but the above mentioned yearly pension of two shillings was, by the king's dotation charter, in his 33d year, settled on his new erected dean and chapter of Rochester, who are now intitled to it.
¶In the 15th year of king Edward I. the church of Barmelyng was valued at twelve marcs. It is valued in the king's books at 12l. 7s. 1d. and the yearly tenths at 1l. 5s. 8½d.z The glebe land belonging to this rectory contains eighty-three acres.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Big Hill on the Canadian Pacific Railway main line in British Columbia, Canada, was the most difficult piece of railway track on the Canadian Pacific Railway's route.[1] It was situated in the rugged Canadian Rockies west of the Continental Divide and Kicking Horse Pass. Even though the Big Hill was replaced by the Spiral Tunnels in 1909, the area has long been a challenge to the operation of trains and remains so to this day.
The essential problem was that the railway had to ascend 1,070 feet (330 m) in the space of 10 miles (16 km) from Field at 4,267 feet (1,301 m) climbing to the top of the Continental Divide at 5,340 feet (1,630 m).[2] The narrow valleys and high mountains limited the space where the railway could stretch out and limit the grade (hence the later decisions to bore extra mileage under the mountains and lower the grades)
Construction
To complete the Pacific railway as quickly as possible, a decision was made to delay blasting a lengthy 1,400 feet (430 m) tunnel through Mount Stephen and instead build a temporary 8-mile (13 km) line over it. Instead of the desired 2.2% grade (116 feet to the mile) a steep 4.5% grade was built in 1884[3] (some sources say 4.4%). This was one of the steepest railway lines anywhere. It descended from Wapta Lake to the base of Mount Stephen, along the Kicking Horse River to a point just west of Field, then rose again to meet the original route.
Three safety switches were built to protect against runaway trains. These switches led to short spurs with a sharp reverse upgrade and they were kept in the uphill position until the operator was satisfied that the train descending the grade towards him was not out of control. Speed was restricted to eight miles per hour (13 km/h) for passenger trains and six (10 km/h) for freight, and elaborate brake testing was required of trains prior to descending the hill. Nevertheless, disasters occurred with dismaying frequency.
Field was created solely to accommodate the CPR’s need for additional locomotives to be added to trains about to tackle the Big Hill. Here a stone roundhouse with turntable was built at what was first known simply as Third Siding. In December 1884 the CPR renamed it Field after C.W. Field, a Chicago businessman who, the company hoped, might invest in the region after he had visited on a special train they had provided for him.
At that time, standard steam locomotives were 4-4-0s, capable enough for the prairies and elsewhere, but of little use on the Big Hill. Baldwin Locomotive Works was called upon to build two 2-8-0s for use as Field Hill pusher engines in 1884. At the time they were the most powerful locomotives built. Two more followed in June 1886. The CPR began building its own 2-8-0s in August 1887, and over the years hundreds more were built or bought.
The Spiral Tunnels
The old and the new line
Lower portal of "Number Two" tunnel, Spiral Tunnels, Field, British Columbia. The locomotives are passing under the train they are pulling.
The Big Hill "temporary" line was to remain the main line for twenty-five years, until the famous Spiral Tunnels were opened on September 1, 1909.
The improvement project was started in 1906, under the supervision of John Edward Schwitzer, the senior engineer of CPR’s western lines. The first proposal had been to extend the length of the climb, and thus reduce the gradient, by bypassing the town of Field at a higher level, on the south side of the Kicking Horse river valley. This idea had quickly been abandoned because of the severe risk of avalanches and landslips on the valley side. Also under consideration was the extension of the route in a loop northwards, using both sides of the valley of the Yoho river to increase the distance, but again the valley sides were found to be prone to avalanches. It was the experience of severe disruption and delay caused by avalanches on other parts of the line (such as at the Rogers Pass station, which was destroyed by an avalanche in 1899) that persuaded Schwitzer that the expensive solution of digging spiral tunnels was the only practical way forward.
The route decided upon called for two tunnels driven in three-quarter circles into the valley walls. The higher tunnel, "number one," was about one thousand yards in length and ran under Cathedral Mountain, to the south of the original track. When the new line emerged from this tunnel it had doubled back, running beneath itself and 50 feet (15 m) lower. It then descended the valley side in almost the opposite direction to its previous course before crossing the Kicking Horse River and entering Mount Ogden to the north. This lower tunnel, "number two," was a few yards shorter than "number one" and the descent was again about fifty feet. From the exit of this tunnel the line continued down the valley in the original direction, towards Field. The constructions and extra track would effectively double the length of the climb and reduce the ruling gradient to 2.2%. The new distance between Field and Wapta Lake, where the track levels out, is 11 1⁄2 miles (18.5 km).[4]
The contract was awarded to the Vancouver engineering firm of MacDonnell, Gzowski and Company and work started in 1907. The labor force amounted to about a thousand and the cost was about 1.5 million Canadian dollars.
Even after the opening of the spiral tunnels, Field Hill remained a significant challenge and it was necessary to retain the powerful locomotives at Field locomotive depot.[4]
With having now visited more than 230 Kent churches, mostly in East Kent, it is difficult to find new ones to add to the list.
On a dull Saturday at the beginning of the month, and with Jools away watching Holiday on Ice or something in Brighton, I had the car and the car to myself.
So, I go to visit a church in Folkestone, only to find it locked, as most urban churches are.
But then I remembered Mersham.
Mesham is situated on the edge of Ashford, and I can see the spire of St John from the train every time I go upto London. That looks like a fine place, I think each time, I'll go there one day.
So this was to be the day.
Mesrsham is a fine village, built on the side of the downs, with the village spread out on either side of the main street.
Up a narrow dead end street is the gate to St John, with its square tower and Kentish spire beyond. You are never sure if a church is open, but I could hear voices coming from the modern vestry attached, so I had my hopes up.
Push hard said the sign on the door; so I pushed.
Hard.
And the door opened. The faces of the three wardens turned to look at me. They were clearing away the last of the festive decorations, but didn't mind me being there. In fact they pointed out many of the details of their fine church.
Most startling was the terracotta they had chosen to paint the walls of the chancel; not to everyone's taste maybe, but striking and I rather like it.
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A pretty, many-gabled church with a fine short shingled spire. The church is a fourteenth-century rebuild of a Norman original that had been enlarged in the late 1200s. O slightly later date, and to be found on a tie-beam in the chancel is a carved head of Joan, Countess of Kent, who was married to the Black Prince, son of Edward III at Windsor in 1361. There is a fair amount of medieval glass, in the chancel and nave west windows whilst the screens which separate the south chapel from the chancel and south aisle are wonderful examples of seventeenth-century craftsmanship. The base comprises solid panels, the upper levels are of very closely set barley-twist balusters, and the top is of tall iron spikes. The south chapel contains many memorials to the local Knatchbull family whose ancestral home, Mersham-le-Hatch stands to the north of the village. Above the screen is a corbel of possibly thirteenth-century date which depicts a bishop, and which could be part of an earlier door or window. There is a fine Royal Arms of 1751 and a good holy water stoup by the south door with superb carving of Tudor roses.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Mersham
“a hide of land for a Church at Mersham” was bequeathed by ‘John Siweard and his wife Edith’ in their will dated c. 1040 AD . A church has existed on this site by 1086 AD, as recorded in the Domesday Book.
The Church was rebuilt by the Normans c.1100 AD and further rebuilding was accomplished in the second half of the fourteenth century (1350-1400 AD). The Church is substantially the same today, although over the years it has been altered and changed internally over the years to reflect the current fashions of the day.
The present church contains significant monuments to the local members of the Brabourne and Knatchbull families
www.a20churches.org.uk/mersham.htm
his is a beautiful Church although I have to admit that from the North side it did rather remind me of a Mennonite farmhouse. (For those of you who have not lived in Southern Ontario as I have, Mennonites do tend to expand their farmhouses as the family grows, usually resulting in lots of additional "bits" added onto the original building. St. John the Baptist Church at Mersham gives the same appearance). Although not actually architecturally visible, the oldest part of this Church is Norman. The South wall at the East end of the building has a thicker wall than the Western end as this once formed part of that original small Norman Church which measured only 36 feet by 25 feet. There was a Saxon Church here and the earliest documentation to confirm this was written in 1040 A.D. The Church was rebuilt in the latter half of the fourteenth century and much of the building we see today dates from that time. Even the main roof trusses and king posts in the Nave (picture top left) date from the fouteenth century.
The Church is well known for the various monuments and memorials to the Knatchbull family. The Chapel in the South East corner of the Church is know knonw as the Knatchbull Chapel although it was original The Lady Chapel. Under the floor at the East end of the Chapel is the Knatchbull family vault and there is also an area on the South side of the churchyard where there also additional Knatchbull family graves. More than one member of the family presided as a magistrate at the local Quarter Sessions and are already mentioned briefly on my smuggling pages. Certain of these memorials to this family are rather interesting for genealogists and you will find additional detail on the next page (see below).
In the Chancel there is some fine oak paneling said to date in one reference from the 14th Century but carrying a date carved into one section in the early 17th Century and some unusual altar rails which do date from the 17th Century. The Church also has some unusual and attractive ancient glass and the tracery in the West window is most unusual containing parts from two different styles of architecture.
When I was in the Church, there were works of art by local children proudly adorning the screen to the Knatchbull Chapel which at least shows that this delightful building is still playing a regular part in the daily lives of this country community. It was also nice to think that two centuries ago, members of my own direct family were being baptised in this Church.
www.kentresources.co.uk/mersham-sjb1.htm
MERSHAM is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Limne.
¶The church, which is dedicated to St. John Baptist, consists of two isles and two chancels, having a handsome square tower at the west end, in which are five bells. In the north window of the high chancel is the figure of a bishop, with his mitre and crosier, praying, and the figure of a saint, with the dragon under his feet. On the rector's pew is carved in wood, a coat of arms, being A fess, in chief, three balls. In this chancel is a memorial for Elizabeth, widow of William Legg, of New Sarum, and mother of dame Grace, wife of Sir Edward Knatchbull, bart. obt. 1771; and several monuments and memorials for the Knatchbull family. The south chancel belongs to them, in which are several monuments and memorials of them, particularly a most superb one for Sir Norton Knatchbull, who died in 1636, having his figure in full proportion lying on it, and above that of his lady kneeling in a praying posture, under a canopy supported by two figures; above are the arms of Knatchbull impaling Ashley; underneath this chancel is a large vault, in which this family lie buried. A monument for Margaret Collyns, daughter of Thomas Tourney, gent. and wife of William Collyns, gent. obt. 1595; arms, Vert, a griffin, or, gerged with a ducal coronet, argent, impaling Tourney. In the north isle are several memorials for the Boys's, of this parish; for Richard Knatchbull, esq. and for Mary Franklyn, obt. 1763. In the west window, which is very large, nearly the whole breadth of the isle, and consists of many compartments, are eight figures of men, pretty entire, and much remains of other painted glass in the other parts of it. The arms of Septvans and Fogge were formerly in one of the windows of the high chancel.
The church of Mersham was formerly appendant to the manor, and belonged with it to the convent of Christ-church; but when the survey of Domesday was taken in the year 1080, it appears to have been in the possession of the archbishop, with whom the manor did not continue long before it was again vested in the convent; but the advowson of the rectory remained with the archbishop, and has continued parcel of the possessions of the see of Canterbury to this time, his grace the archbishop being the present patron of it.
This rectory is valued in the king's books at 26l. 16s. 10½d. and the yearly tenths, which are now payable to the crown-receiver, at 2l. 13s. 8¼d.
In 1578 here were communicants two hundred and forty-seven. In 1640, one hundred and eighty, and it was valued at eighty pounds.
Difficult to tell who started this, the Qashquai or Mazda. Is it really that hard to park within the lines?
Water & Light at Sassi Mazar Balochistan May30, 2015
SUN SHINES IN THE NIGHT
Sassi punnu mausoleum got Solar Energy
Every year thousands of peoples from various parts of Sindh, Baluchistan and Punjab gather at the shrine of Sassi and Punnu in Singher village to attend a 3 days carnival. Singher village is , 52 Kilometers away from Hub town. Singher means chain, as the village is surrounded by the chain of hills where it is believed that Sassi and Punnu were buried under a landslide.
Before the monsoon a carnival organizing committee receives donation from the Baloch tribal chiefs of Sindh and Balochistan to bear the expenditures of the event. Collected funds are mostly used for providing food, water and accommodation to all the devotees there. Sufi Faqirs (singers) from Sindh, Balochistan and Punjab travel to perform songs on the occasion to pay homage to Sassi Punnu, the popular tragic romance of Sindh and Balochistan. Besides folk songs, a traditional Sindhi game malakhro similar to Japanese wrestling sumo also attracts a large number of the people to come there.
Lands from mountains with old graves scattered in the area and rainy water ways are quite difficult to cross for the travellers. Despite this, devotees, males and females, travel long distance to visit the site the entire year. For the local people, camel is the only means of transport and people gather there during the occasion.
There is only one well, which is useful for the communities otherwise the entire area underground water level is unsafe for human consumption. In case the area receives monsoon rains the people use rainy water from ponds.
For the benefit of peoples living in surroundings as well as devotees who visit during carnival and over the year, Masood Lohar, country Manager UNDP, GEF small grant program decided to use solar energy for providing clean and safe water and lighting on the mausoleum.
On 30th May 2015, Shaan Technologies Private Limited installed a 3 HP Solar Powered pump on a 250 ft deep well that is located near the tomb. Operating on a 3 kilowatt solar panel bank this pump provide 30 Gallon water per minutes & eliminates requirement of diesel generator operated pump that organizing committee previously used to supply water during the festival.
Now solar pump serves as a continuous source of clean water without any additional cost. A water tank is provided to store pumped water. This tank helped as a 24 hours ready source of water for the local people.
In addition to that 2 solar powered floodlights were also installed in front yard of tomb. These 14 watt LED lights runs on a 35 watt solar panel that provide sufficient power to run LED lamps up to 12 hours. Dusk to Dawn photo sensors is also used in the system that automatically turns on the light just before the sunset and turns off at dawn. This project was financed by the UNDP GEF Small grant program. Lodhie foundation contributed 10% cost of the project under its poverty alleviation initiative.
Project Summary
Location: Sassi Punnu Moseleum, Singher Village, Near Hub Dam, Baluchistan
Coordinates: 25°18'41"N 66°53'21"E
Nearby cities: Karachi, Hub City, Sonmiani / Winder city
Initiated By: UNDP, GEF Small Grant Program in association of Lodhie Foundation
Implemented by: Shaan Technologies Private Limited Karachi
Implantation Date: 30Th May 2015
Equipment installed:
(1) One 3HP DC Submersible water pump with 3KW Solar panels and Pump Controller
(2) Two Solar Powered LED Floodlights
Beneficiaries: Up to 2500 people living in the Singher village and surroundings
Folktale of Sassi & Punnu
Sassi Punnu is a famous folktale of love told in the length and breadth of Sindh, Pakistan. The story is about a faithful wife who is ready to undergo all kinds of troubles that would come her way while seeking her beloved husband who was separated from her by the rivals
Sassi was the daughter of a Brahman Hindu Rajah from Rohri . Upon Sassui's birth, astrologers predicted that she was a curse for the royal family’s prestige. The Raja ordered that the child be put in a wooden box and thrown in the Sindhu, present day’s river Indus. However, she was saved by a washer-man belonging to Bhanbhor, near Gharo district, Thatta . The washer-man raised her as his own daughter.
When Sassui became a young girl, she was as beautiful as the fairies of heaven. Stories of her beauty reached Punhun a prince from Kech Makran Balochistan and he became desperate to meet Sassi. The handsome young Prince therefore travelled to Bhambore. He sent his clothes to Sassi's father (a washerman) so that he could catch a glimpse of Sassi. When he visited the washerman's house, they fell in love at first sight. Sassui's father was dispirited, hoping that Sassi would marry a washerman and no one else. He asked Punnhun to prove that he was worthy of Sassui by passing the test as a washerman. Punnhun agreed to prove his love. While washing, he tore all the clothes as, being a prince, he had never washed any clothes; he thus failed the agreement. But before he returned those clothes, he hid gold coins in the pockets of all the clothes, hoping this would keep the villagers quiet. The trick worked, and Sassui's father agreed to the marriage.
At last Punnu (Punhoon) married her. However, his father, Ari, the King of Ketch, did not like his son getting married to a low-caste girl, so he instructed his other sons to go to Bhanbhor and bring back Punnu at any cost. They visited Punnu as his guests and during the night they intoxicated him and his wife. Later, they put their brother on one of the camels and left. When Sassi woke up in the morning, she was shocked to find Punnu missing and all his brothers gone. She understood their trickery. She left Bhambhor immediately to Kech Makran on foot in search of him. The Kech Makran is located along the Makran Coastal Highway in Baluchistan, Pakistan.
After crossing Pab Mountain, she reached the Harho range. She could not proceed further when her path was blocked by the Phor River. So she started retracing her steps. Soon she was accosted by a beastly goatherd who intended to molest her. Sassi prayed to God for protection. Immediately the ground below her feet started caving in like quicksand and she disappeared within seconds. Seeing the miracle, the goatherd repented sincerely, and to make amends for his misconduct, he made a grave in the site and became its custodian.
Punnu found no peace of mind at Kech. He languished and soon became an invalid. Under the circumstances, his father allowed him to return to Bhambhor.
During his return journey, Punnu happened to pass by the site where Sassi had met her death. When the goatherd came to know his story, he told him as to what had happened to Sassi. Punnu was beside himself on hearing the horrible news.
He prayed to God to unite him with Sassi. Again the ground became quicksand and he soon disappeared into the bowels of the earth. So came to an end the tragic love story of Sassi and Punnu. The legendary grave still exists in this valley.
The famous Sufi saint and poet Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai sings this historic tale in his sufi poetry “Shah jo Risalo” as an example of eternal love and union with Divine.
Sassi’s resting place is said to be about 45 miles away in the Pub range to the west of Karachi. A local man of some importance constructed a simple mausoleum in 1980 over the joint grave of Sassi and Punnu. It is often visited by tourists.
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Disclaimer: All Information on this page is for informational purposes only and should not be used to diagnose or treat any disease. Please follow the advice of your medical provider if currently taking antibiotics.
Are you wondering if antibiotics are the best treatment option for Lyme disease?
Antibiotics are the leading therapy option for most infections, but Lyme disease is difficult to diagnose, often missed entirely, or is confused with other conditions due to the conflicting symptoms.
Often, antibiotics aren’t an effective treatment for Lyme & tick-borne illness, and in some cases can make patients worse. After all, treating a complex infection that can consist of multiple pathogens, bacteria, and viruses, and is different with every tick bite, isn’t a simple matter.
According to the New England Journal of Medicine, approximately 10 to 20 percent of people treated with the recommended antibiotics for Lyme disease still have persisting symptoms after they complete treatment.
For many, an integrative approach to healing may prove to be a better alternative.
There is a lot of information out there, but learning about the best treatment options available to you doesn’t have to be difficult.
This guide will walk you through the common antibiotics used in the treatment of Lyme disease, the applications and side effects, plus alternative options to choose from.
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Why Antibiotics Are Usually the Go-To Treatment
Lyme & tick-borne disease is caused by bacterial pathogens that invade the body, which can cause a multitude of possible co-infections, and make diagnosis and treatment difficult.
Antibiotics are usually the first line of defense for chronic Lyme disease due to its similarities to other conditions, for which antibiotics are usually effective. This can lead to misdiagnosis. Many medical professionals unfamiliar with the complexities of Lyme & tick borne disease strictly treat chronic Lyme disease symptoms with antibiotics rather than explore other treatments.
Although some treatment methods differ between cultures, demand for antibiotics in the United States also tends to be higher while some countries, such as Germany, use antibiotic treatment as a last resort.
Are Antibiotics Effective in the Treatment of Lyme Disease?
Antibiotic intervention has been effective at the early stages or with acute infections, however, there are no guarantee when it comes to successful treatment and many cases are past the point where antibiotics have a significant effect, especially for those with persistent symptoms.
Lyme and tick-borne illness is caused by opportunistic bacteria that know how to adapt and trick the immune system to stay active inside the body, by using biofilms or other means of defense, they can outsmart antibiotics in many cases.
Some studies have found that while you may experience some subjective improvement while on antibiotics, the symptoms often return after the treatment stops.
When the pathogen survives this treatment, it can become resistant to most antibiotics as well, making that treatment modality ineffective. According to research, some patients exhibited symptoms for an extended period and had received multiple courses of antibiotics without significant improvement.
Long-term antibiotic therapy has been deemed ineffective, and in fact, most medical authorities advise against long-term antibiotic treatment for Lyme Disease for this reason.
Another common reason antibiotics can be ineffective is because patients don’t take them according to their physicians recommendations.
What Antibiotics are Used to Treat Lyme Disease?
There are several common antibiotics used in the treatment of Lyme disease. Some can’t be used in certain cases – pregnancy, children or allergies – but the table below includes the antibiotics, purpose, dosage, and duration for adults.
Antibiotic
Purpose
Doxycycline
Stops the growth of bacteria – not for viral infections. This antibiotic is not used with young children or pregnant women (due to the damaging effects on the fetus).
Amoxicillin
A penicillin-type antibiotic that stops the growth of bacteria – not for viral infections. Can be used with children or pregnant women.
Cefuroxime axetil (Ceftin)
Stops the growth of a wide variety of bacterial infections and is commonly used to prevent infection from certain surgeries. Can be used with children or pregnant women who are allergic to amoxicillin.
Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Commonly known as a Z-Pak. The once per day dosage usually makes it easier for patients to remember to take it. Stops a wide variety of bacterial infections and is sometimes used as a penicillin alternative for those who are allergic to penicillin. It can also be used with children.
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
A highly potent antibiotic administered via injection to treat serious bacterial infections. Preferred choice for neurologic Lyme disease.
Cefotaxime (Claforan)
A recommended alternative to Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) for Lyme disease with acute neurological disease, for patients with Lyme carditis or late manifestations of Lyme disease. Administered intravenously.
Source: https://www.pdr.net
Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12042561
Lyme Disease Antibiotic Treatment Guide for Adults
These regimens are guidelines only and may need to be adjusted depending on a person’s age, medical history, underlying health conditions, pregnancy status, allergies or advances in medicine. Treatments are listed in order of most to least preferred.
The information below is not intended to diagnose or treat any disease, please follow the professional advice of a qualified physician.
Stage of Lyme Disease
Antibiotic Type/Dosage/Duration
Prevention of Lyme Disease
Doxycycline – 200 mg dose
Early Localized
(Erythema migrans)
Doxycycline – 100 mg dose orally twice per day – 10-21 Days
Or
Amoxicillin – 500 mg dose orally three times per day – 14-21 Days
Or
Cefuroxime axetil (Ceftin) – 500 mg dose orally twice per day – 14-21 Days
Or
Azithromycin (Zithromax) – 500 mg dose orally once per day – 7-10 Days
Early Disseminated
(Cardiac or Neurologic)
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) – 2 g dose intravenously per day – 14-21 Days
Or
Ceftriaxone (Claforan) – 2 g dose intravenously every 8 hours – 14-21 Days
Or
Doxycycline – 200-400 mg dose orally in two divided doses per day – 10-28 Days
Late Stage
(Arthritis or Neurologic)
Same oral antibiotics used for erythema migrans
Or
Same intravenous antibiotics used for early disseminated disease
Source: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/0601/hi-res/afp20120601p1086-t4.gif
Treating Children with Antibiotics
A typical treatment for children less than 8 years old would include oral amoxicillin three times a day. If the child is allergic to that antibiotic, cefuroxime axetil would take its place, but only twice a day. Children over 8 years old would take doxycycline twice daily for the same duration of time, and anyone allergic to it would receive amoxicillin or cefuroxime axetil instead.
Treatments usually last 2-4 weeks.
Treating Pregnant Women with Antibiotics
According to the CDC, no life-threatening effects on the fetus have been found in cases when the mother receives antibiotic treatment, however, most physicians will change the normal treatment of doxycycline to amoxicillin, since doxycycline can affect fetal development.
Typical treatment for pregnant women with Lyme disease includes:
Oral amoxicillin
500 mg
Three times a day for 2-3 weeks.
Allergies to amoxicillin can change the treatment to 500 mg of cefuroxime axetil twice a day.
If you’re pregnant or if it’s a possibility, inform your doctor before any treatment.
Can Antibiotics Make Lyme Disease Symptoms Worse?
For some patients, lyme disease symptoms worsen for the first few days on an antibiotic, which occurs because the antibiotics start to kill the bacteria. For others, antibiotics have made their condition worse overall.
This is not to say there is not a place for antibiotics in the treatment of Lyme & tick-borne illness, but rather that we should take a look at the potential repercussions of antibiotic treatment, and consider the treatment preferences of the patient.
All antibiotics and medicines have side effects, so make sure you understand what common side effects you may experience. If you’re having persistent symptoms or are concerned about those you’re experiencing, contact your doctor immediately.
Common Lyme Disease Antibiotic Treatment Side Effects
Any antibiotics for Lyme disease can cause skin rashes, fever or diarrhea, while IV antibiotics can cause a low white blood cell count, and affect gut health. Some antibiotics create colonization or bacterial overgrowth with other antibiotic-resistant organisms unrelated to Lyme because antibiotics kill the good bacteria in our gut along with the bad.
It may be beneficial to use probiotics to restore the good bacteria and balance gut health, but make sure you speak with your doctor before taking anything.
Antibiotic
Potential Side Effects
Doxycycline Side Effects
Headache
Stomach discomfort
Flu-like symptoms
Diarrhea
Nausea and vomiting
Swelling/rash
Teeth discoloration, sensitivity, ache, etc.
Amoxicillin Side Effects
Allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
Breathing problems
Dark urine
Redness, blistering, peeling or loosening of the skin, including inside the mouth
Diarrhea
Stomach upset
Headache
Dizziness
Trouble sleeping
Seizures
Unusually weak or tired
Unusual bleeding or bruising
Yellowing of the eyes or skin
Trouble passing urine, or a decrease in the quantity of urine
Ceftriaxone Side Effects
Injection site reactions (swelling, redness, pain, a hard lump, or soreness)
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Vomiting
Upset stomach
Diarrhea
Headache
Dizziness
Overactive reflexes
Pain or swelling in your tongue
Sweating
Vaginal itching or discharge
Azithromycin Side Effects
Stomach upset
Vomiting
Constipation
Dizziness
Tiredness
Headache
Vaginal itching or discharge
Nervousness
Sleep problems (insomnia)
Skin rash or itching
Ringing in the ears
Hearing problems
Decreased sense of taste or smell
After treatment, some instances of muscle aches and fatigue have been found as well.Always check with your doctor regarding the possible side effects before taking any medication and contact him if side effects occur.
Do Antibiotics Cure Lyme Disease?
As of 2018, there is no “cure” for Lyme disease and no definitive test to see if you are cured. Although some strains respond positively to antibiotics in early stages, one size does not fit all.
The pathogen can also reappear even after this type of treatment because Lyme disease is difficult to categorize, due to its multifaceted nature and treatment specialization in most doctors.
Even if a physician has working knowledge of Lyme disease, antibiotics aren’t always 100 percent effective. However, there are alternative treatment options besides antibiotics, often geared toward management and improving quality of life overall.
Lyme Disease Alternative Treatments When Antibiotics Don’t Work
So, what do you do when antibiotics don’t work? Despite the limited effectiveness of antibiotics, Lyme disease is not unmanageable.
Integrative Medicine
Integrative medicine, a healing-oriented approach that takes the whole person into account, including all aspects of a patient’s lifestyle, has opened up new possibilities for treatment.
These integrative treatments:
Are as non-toxic and non-invasive as possible, using the body’s natural systems to do most of the work.
Don’t have the side effects of antibiotics.
Are based on foundational medicine to strengthen the body’s resilience.
Are usually more patient-centered, focusing special attention on the individual’s needs.
Integrative treatments focus on the full range of physical, emotional, mental, social, spiritual and environmental influences that affect a person’s health and provides the patient with more control.
What’s the Catch?
There are pros and cons to everything and integrative medicine is no different. This approach normally has a longer treatment time because these treatments often focus on the disease at its root, making it more of a marathon than a sprint.
This means it’s not the best choice in emergency cases, as opposed to traditional medicine, which is made to work fast. Also, integrative medicine doesn’t have as much research or regulation behind it as traditional medicine, although more is being added as years go on.
Integrative Treatment vs. Traditional Treatment
There’s no verifying evidence that supports traditional being better than integrative, and there are pros and cons to each. However, more doctors agree that when you work with your primary care physician and an integrative treatment approach, you experience a collaborative method working in your best interest.
Studies have found that many patients feel that integrative medicine helps with coping and management of chronic illnesses when conventional medicine offers no cure.
Creating an environment conducive to healing may require a multilevel unifying approach and personalized programs that take into the complicated behavior of Lyme disease.
Using your own body’s natural rhythms as a basis for healing also creates a better chance for relief from Lyme symptoms, which is why Infusio has a five step method to help the body find the balance it needs to manage Lyme, based on a foundational idea that your body can heal itself given the right environment, lifestyle changes, and intervention. This foundational protocol consists of:
Adjusting the immune system responses to restore healthy levels of the immune cells so they can detect and destroy the bacteria.
Re-establishing inner equilibrium for your cells and optimizing the cellular terrain with IV nutrients, minerals, amino acids, and trace elements.
Ensuring the natural detox pathways of the body are working and aid the body in discarding toxic waste.
Using natural antimicrobial treatments to reduce the bacterial and viral loads inside the body.
Providing essential lifestyle, nutrition, and stress management support that restores digestive health, reduces inflammation, and returns the body to a state of homeostasis.
By adding cellular or stem-cell based therapies to assist the body in tissue repair, and by establishing a healthy regulation capacity within this treatment, a majority of our Lyme patients have improved to a point where their quality of life has significantly improved, and their symptoms have diminished enough to manage.
The Infusio Five Steps to Health philosophy which integrates immune system optimization, cell therapy, and cutting-edge treatments even improved symptoms and gave many patients relief when other traditional treatments didn’t.
Main Takeaways:
Antibiotics are primarily effective in early stages and with acute infections, although there is no guarantee they will work at any stage.
Antibiotic treatments are based on certain factors, including age, pregnancy, allergies and stages of Lyme.
There is no “cure” for Lyme disease, yet.
Treatments often work better with a multi-faceted approach, including traditional medicine and a holistic base.
Always research, work with your primary physician and remember that nothing works for everyone.
For those who prefer a more holistic approach, Infusio has one of the most comprehensive Lyme programs available, with cutting edge stem-cell based treatments including exosome therapy, to restore, strengthen, and optimize the body for a long-term recovery.
The post Lyme Disease and Antibiotics: A Comprehensive Treatment Guide appeared first on Infusio.
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The day almost ended in disaster before it had really begun. We booked the train tickets many months ago, but as time went on we found it was going to be difficult to hire a car and travel back home, so instead of traveling to the end of the line at Fort William, we would get off in Glasgow and get a taxi to the airport. We tried to change our official tickets, but couldn’t, so on getting on the train, we well th hostess, she makes notes and tell us that her successor would wake us up at half five with breakfast so we would be ready to get off the train at six.
It all seemed set, so we went to bed thinking it was all under control. And as the journey went on through the night, I felt for movement of the train wondering where in Britain we might be depending on whether I could feel movement or not.
I must have laid in bed for a while, wondering still where and when we were. I finally looked at the screen on my mobile to find it quarter to six! Eeek!
We had 15 minutes to get dressed and squeeze or cases close and be ready to get off. We rang for the assistant, who apologised, and it wasn’t her fault either. But we were running behind time, so we had half an hour before we got off.
The train crept through Glasgow and then headed out fo the city west alongside the river. At twenty past, we arrived at Dalmuir, heavy drizzle was falling, and as we got off the train, no taxi could be seen.
I called up the company, and they sent a cab to pick us up, arriving a few minutes later, loading our luggage inot the boot, then growling at us as to where we wanted to go, and apparently unimpressed thst we had come all the way from DOver to be here.
He took no time taking us through the housing estate, onto the motorway then across the bridge over the river, turning off and arriving at the airport.
From being in a panic an hour before, we were now on time, and once at the car hire office found it to open, some 15 minutes early. We are told that no signatures were required, the keys were ready to pick up from Omar in the office in the pound.
Omar gives me the key to an Audi A4, which is a great and quick car. We put in our bags, and find that the car was already pretty much full, and we had to pick up Tiny who had stayed on the train from Fort William.
Amazingly, we were on the road at seven, driving back to the river corssing then taking the road north. Always north from now.
We go into the centre of Dumbarton to look for a place to do some shopping. We find Morrison’s, and go inside, only to find the shop almost empty, at least with more staff than customers. Back home this would already be packed with people. We go round and buy what we think we would need for the three of us.
Back out onto the main road, we descend to the banks of Loch Lomond, taking the low road as it followed the contours of the Loch. We stop at a country park overlooking the loch, not a breath of wind stirred with water below, so we ate sausage rolls surround by a cloud of midges.
The road carried on, all around the bonnie bonnie banks of Loch Lomond before the road began to climb and climb, higher and higher until the trees ran out, and on both sides the vista opened out.
We stop at a greasy spoon for a coffee and Tunnock’s Caramel slice at a parking area overlooking the valley below as it began to climb again.
Up and down the road goes, and up again until we come to the top end of Glencoe, and in front of us the vista opens out with dark ominous clouds above and valley sides that had been carved by glaciers
At the far end of the valley, the road had reached sea level, and in a few more minutes we roll into Fort William, where Tony was waiting at the station, having arrived just a few minutes ahead of us.
From there the road branched out along a sea loch, alongside the railway which also was going to Mallaig. The sea loch opened out so we could see open ocean in the distance, we join other cars in parking up beside the coast so we could all take shots.
Sadly, parking at Glenfinnan was full, but we shall return at some point. Anyway, we only had half an hour to go before we arrived at Mallaig and the ferry terminal. Sadly, we had failed to book passage beforehand, and so had to buy a standby ticket, but we were told there would be no trouble getting on as we were the first in the reserve queue.
We had an hour to kill before the boarding began, so we go for a wander round the town. Mallaig exists for fishing anf being the starting point of the Skye ferry. The railway line also ends here, but the town itself probably has less than 1o thousand people, but it picturesque enough, set around the harbour, filled wit small fishing boats.
Jools and I have lunch in the Mission Cafe, while Tony goes for an hour walk being measured on Strava.
At one everyone goes back to their cars and boarding begins. Once all the booked cars and buses go on, we are allowed to follow onto the ferry.
We get out of the car and climb to the passenger decks above, until I get to the open dicks ready to witness the casting off.
By now the day was bright, so sunshine shone off the heather on the hills of the mainline and on the island. The crossing took just half an hour, the ferry reversed into the berth and we were allowed back to our cars ready to depart.
The cottage was just a four mile drive along the coast, turning up the hill and into the driveway. Here at last.
It is a fine modern bungalow with a large picture window overlooking the sound and the mainland beyond. We unload the car of our luggage and shopping, and fill up wardrobes and cupboards, finally able t put the kettle on for a well-deserved brew.
We had forgotten to bring coffee for Jools, so Tony and I go out in the car to find a shop. Over the other side of the island we find a Co-Op, it is well stocked and we find coffee, more Coke and beer for me.
We fly back over to the cottage, over the moor along a newly tarmaced road, traveling at a little over the limit, arriving back so I could make a coffee for Jools.
We sit in the living room, not watching TV, but the scene out of the large window, as the setting sun cast wonderful light on the sound and hills beyond. Dinner was a simple pasta dish with tomato sauce, into which I put some square sausage to added flavour. Local flavour.
And that was your day, arrived and settled in.
Thanks to the Nailbourne project, I now understand how the communities and landscape fots in along its length, though that a bubbling noisy stream can just vanish then appear miles away is very difficult to get your head round. The Nailbourne only fully flows in very wet years, but when it does, the beds that are dry now can be several feet deep.
But downstream of Littlebourne, where the Nailbourne becomes the Little Stour, it is wider, about six feet wide, clogged with reeds and weeds, but also was used to power to large mills. They both stand, one between Littlebourne and Wickhambreaux, and the other in Wickhambreaux itself, though is now just a house But is a large white clapboard building, with a large wheel.
These days, the village looks very prosperous, all grand houses or cottage conversions.
From here, the Little Stour makes its way over the marshes which centuries ago was the Wantsum Channel, so Wickhambreaux was almost a seaside town.
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The interior of this very pretty church is dominated by nineteenth-century work. The whole of the chancel and baptistry is lined with dark brown encaustic tiles, hiding a straightforward fourteenth-century church. The east window is an early example of American Art Nouveau in England, and dominates the entire building. It was designed by Baron Arild Rosenkrantz in 1896. Above the window are stencilled paintings of angels ascending, which can also be seen in the nave, whilst the roof there has a charming star-spangled sky. At the south-west corner is a vestry - screened off by an eighteenth-century screen which may have formed part of the refitting of the chancel paid for by Mary Young. Her monument in the chancel records that 'infirm from her youth she protracted life to the 68th year of her age'. She left £100 for wainscotting and ornamenting the chancel. The interior viewed from the east gives an unusual appearance as the aisles flank the tower (see also Sandhurst).
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Wickhambreaux
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WICKHAM BREAUS
LIES adjoining to Littleborne north-eastward, being usally called Wickham Brook. It is likewise called Wickham by Wingham, to distinguish it from the two other parishes of the same name in this county. In Domesday it is written Wicheham, a name derived from its situation near the banks of the river, which runs close to it. There is only one borough in it, viz. the borough of Wickham, which comprehends the whole parish.
Wickham is a low, flat, and unpleasant situation, and lying so near the marshes cannot but be unhealthy, the land throughout it is in general good and sertile, especially near the village, where the fields are very large and level ground. The village, in number about twenty houses, stands at the south-east boundary of the parish, built round a green, over which the road leads to Ickham, having the church and court-lodge on one side, and the parsonage, a handsome brick house, on the other. At the further end of the green, the Lesser Stour crosses the road, and turns a corn-mill belonging to the manor, beyond it is only one house, called the Stone-house, being built of squared stones and slints in chequers, and by the arched windows and door-ways seems of some antiquity. The parish stretches a good distance northward, as far as Groveferry, the house of which is within it, and the greater Stour river, over a level of about 500 acres of marsh land, which extend from the river into a sinus, with a ridge of upland on each side, to within a quarter of a mile of the village. North eastward from which is the Saperton, formerly the property of the Beakes's, who resided here as early as king Henry the VIIIth.'s reign; it was sold by them to the Furneses, whence it came by marriage, with Copthall, in this parish, to the St. John's, viscounts Bolingbroke, who have lately sold it, but one of the family of Beake, many of whom lie buried in this church, now occupies it. A little beyond this is Newnham, once accounted a manor, formerly belonging to the Ropers, lords Teynham, afterwards to the Bartholomews, then to Joseph Brooke, esq. of Rochester, and now to his devisee the Rev. John Kenward Shaw Brooke, of Town-Malling.—Hence among the marshes is the hamlet of Grove, through which the road leads across them to the right over the lesser Stour, to Wingham, Ash, and the eastern parts of Kent, and to the left by Grove-ferry over the Greater Stour, to the northern part of the country and the Isle of Thanet. There is no other wood in the parish excepting Trendley park. There is no fair.
At the time of taking the survey of Domesday, in the year 1080, this place was part of those possessions with which that king had enriched his half-brother Odo, the great bishop of Baieux. Accordingly it is thus entered in that record, under the general title of his lands:
In Donamesford hundred, the bishop himself holds in demesne Wicheham. It was taxed at four sulings. The arable land is eleven carucates. In demesne there are two carucates, and thirty-six villeins, with thirty-two cottagers having nine carucates. There is a church, and one priest who gives forty shillings per annum. There is one park, and two mills of fifty shillings, and two saltpits of thirtytwo pence, and three fisheries of four shillings, and thirtytwo acres of meadow. Pasture for three hundred sheep and for thirty-one beasts. Wood for the pannage of eighty bogs. In the time of king Edward the Confessor it was worth twenty-five pounds, when he received it twenty pounds, now thirty pounds. There belong to this manor in Canterbury three plats of land paying six shillings and eight pence. Alured Biga held it of king Edward. Moreover there belongs to this manor half a suling of free land, which Sired held of Alured Biga, and Goisfrid, son of Badland, now holds it of the bishop of Baieux, and it is and was worth separately sixty shillings.
Four years afterwards the bishop was disgraced, and all his possessions were consiscated to the crown, of which this manor appears afterwards to have been held by the Cliffords. Walter, son of Walter de Clifford, possessed it in the reign of king John, and with Agnes de Cundy, his wife, was a good benefactor to St. Augustine's abbey, and that of St. Radigund. (fn. 1) By the marriage of Margaret, daughter and heir of Walter Clifford, with John de Brewse, it passed into that name, and William de Brewse, or de Braiosa, as they were written in Latin, was possessed of it in the 42d year of king Henry III. His descendant William de Brewse, lord of the honour of Brembre, in Sussex, and of Gower, in Wales, as he stiled himself, whose ancestor came into England with the Conqueror, who gave him the castle of Brember, and whose descendant afterwards, by the marriage with Bertha, daughter and one of the coheirs of Milo, earl of Hereford, became possessed of the castles of Brecknock and Gower likewife, and bore for his arms, Azure, a lion rampant, between twelve cross-croslets, or; though I find by the pedigrees of this family, that his ancestors bore Azure, three bars vaire, argent, and gules. He was several times summoned to parliament in king Edward I.'s reign, as was his son of the same name, both in that and Edward II.'s reign, and died possessed of this manor in the 19th year of the latter. Very soon after which it appears, with the church appendant to it, to have come into the possession of Edmund of Woodstock, earl of Kent, half brother to king Edward II. (fn. 2) After which it descended to his brother John Plantagenet, likewife earl of Kent, it being then held of the king in sergeantry. He died anno 26 Edward III. upon which Joane his sister, commonly called the Fair Maid of Kent, wife of Sir Thomas Holand, became his heir, who in her right not only possessed this manor, but became earl of Kent likewise. She afterwards married Edward the black prince, and died in the 9th year of king Richard II. being succeeded in this manor then held in capite, by Thomas Holand, earl of Kent, her son by her first husband, whose two sons, Thomas and Edward, both earls of Kent, and the former created Duke of Surry, in turn succeeded to it, and the latter dying anno 9 Henry IV. his five sisters became his coheirs, and on a partition made between them, Edmund, earl of March, son of Eleanor, late countess of March, the eldest of them became entitled to this manor in his mother's right, being the last earl of March of this family, for he died s. p. in the 3d year of king Henry VI. being then possessed of it. The year after which, Joane, wife of Sir John Gray, appears by the escheat rolls to have been entitled to it; not long after which it became the property of the family of Tibetot, or Tiptoft, as they were usually called, in whom it continued down to John Tiptost, earl of Worcester, who was attainted and beheaded in 1471, anno 10 Edward IV. king Henry being then restored to the crown. He lest an infant son Edward, who, though he was afterwards restored in blood by king Edward IV. yet I do not find that he was ever reinstated in the possession of this manor, which remained in the crown till the reign of king Henry VIII. who granted it, with the advowson of the church, to Sir Matthew Browne, of Beechworth-castle, who in the 22d year of it, passed it away to Lucy, widow of his uncle Sir Anthony Browne, standard-bearer of England, whose grandson Anthony was, anno I and 2 of Philip and Mary, created viscount Montague, and died possessed of this manor anno 34 Elizabeth, and by his will devised it to his eldest son by his second wife, Sir George Browne, who was of Wickham Breaus, and his grandson Sir George Browne, K. B. leaving two daughters his coheirs, Winifrid, married to Basil Brooks, esq. of Salop, and Eleanor, to Henry Farmer, esq. of Oxfordshire, they joined in the sale of it, at the latter end of Charles II.'s reign, to Sir H. Palmer, bart. of Wingham, who died possessed of it in 1706, s. p. and by his will devised it to his nephew Sir Thomas Palmer, bart. who died in 1723, and by his will gave it to his natural son Herbert Palmer, esq. who married Bethia, one of the daughters of Sir Thomas D'Aeth, bart. of Knowlton, who died in 1760, s. p., having devised this manor, with the advowson of the church appendant, to his widow. She afterwards married John Cosnan, esq. who in her right became possessed of it, and died in 1778, s. p. leaving her furviving, upon which she again became entitled to the possession of it, and continued owner of it till her death in 1797, on which it came to her nephew Sir Narborough D'Aeth, bart. of Knowlton, the present owner of it. A court leet and court baron is held for this manor.
Trendley park, now accounted a manor of itself, is situated at the north-west boundary of this parish, being entirely separated from the rest of it by that of Littleborne intervening. It was part of the possessions of Odo, bishop of Baieux, and is noticed in the survey of Domesday, in the description of the manor of Wickham above recited, in which it is mentioned as being then a park; and it should seem that at least part of it was then accounted as appurtenant to that manor; though in the description of the manor of Littleborne, in the same survey, which then belonged to the abbey of St. Augustine, it appears that the bishop had lands belonging to that manor too lying within his park here. Of this manor the bishop of Baieux has in his park as much land as is worth sixty shillings, says the record. In part of the recompence for which, the bishop seems to have given the abbot the manor of Garwinton, in Littleborne, and other land within the manor of Leeds, as may be seen by the entries of both these manors in the same record. Soon after which there was another exchange of land made between the bishop and archbishop Lanfranc, for some which lay within his park of Wikeham. What is remarkable in this instrument is, that it is given in two languages, in Saxon and Latin, but neither is a translation of the other, for both are originals, as was a frequent custom of that time. Appendant to it is the bishop's seal in wax, representing him on one side on horseback, with his sword and spurs, as an earl, and on the other habited as a bishop, with his pastoral staff; being perhaps the only seal of Odo at this time extant. (fn. 3) By all which it appears, that this park is much more antient than that of Woodstock, which has been accounted the first inclosed park in England. How long it continued an inclosed park, I have no where found; but in the beginning of king Henry VI.'s reign it was not so, as appears by the escheat-rolls of the 3d year of it, after the death of Edmund, earl of March, at which time there were two hundred acres of wood in it. He was lord of the manor of Wickham, and Trendley park was chiefly at that time certainly appurtenant to it, and continued so whilst in the possession of the same owners, which it did most probably till the attainder of John Tiptost, earl of Worcester, in the 10th year of king Edward IV. when they both came into the hands of the crown, and though king Henry VIII. afterwards granted the manor of Wickham to Sir Matthew Browne, yet I do not find that Trendley park was granted with it. From which time it has had separate owners. For some time it has been the property of the family of Denne, who continue at this time the owners of it. It lies in an unpleasant, lonely part of the parish, facing Westbere, and consists of three hundred acres of woodland, and a house called the Park-house. There is a high road through the middle of it from Stodmarsh to Canterbury market, which in king Edward II.'s reign, was attempted to be shut up, but the sheriff, with the posse comitatus, was ordered to open it again, as being an antient and allowed high road.
Charities.
Andrew Holness, of Seton, in Ickham, by will in 1554, gave to the poor 2s. in money and bread, to be distributed yearly; the churchwardens to take so much yearly out of his lands in Ickham and Wickham, except his house and garden at Seton, in case his executors did not give the same yearly.
Henry Sloyden, of Wickham Breaus, by will in 1568, gave for the use of the poor and Littleborne, in equal portions, a piece of land containing six acres and a half in the latter parish, called Church-close, which is distributed twice a year by the respective minister and churchwardens, and is of the annual produce of 4l.
John Smith, rector of this parish, by deed in 1656, gave a school-room, and a house and garden for a schoolmaster, in this parish, for teaching the children of it. The master to be chosen from one of his relations in preference, if any such could be found, is vested in the rector and churchwardens of this parish.
Sir Henry Palmer, of Bekesborne, by his will in 1611, gave the sum of 10s. to each of the several parishes of Wickham, Stodmarsh, Littleborne, and five others therein mentioned, to be paid into the hands of the minister and churchwardens yearly, out of his manor and lands of Well-court, at Michaelmas, towards the relief of the poor of each of them.
Thomas Belke, D. D. rector of this parish, by will in 1712, gave 501. for the putting out of five poor children of this parish apprentices.
There are about thirty poor constantly relieved, and casually seventy.
This parish is within the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Bridge.
¶The church, which is dedicated to St. Andrew, consists of three isles and one chancel, having at the west end a square tower, in which hang six bells. The church is not large, but is handsome and neat. In the middle isle are several memorials for the Beakes, of Saperton. In the south isle for the Larkins, who lived at Grove, in this parish. In the east window are remains of good painted glass, viz. the arms of Edward the black price and of Mortimer, quartered with Burgh, and a representation of Herod's daughter beheading John the Baptist. In the chancel, on the pavement, is the figure of a priest in brass, and inscription, for Henry Welde, rector, obt. 1420. A gravestone, and monument for Alexander Young, B D. rector of this parish, who rebuilt this parsonage-house, and repaired that of Eastchurch, of which he was vicar likewife, at the expence of 2000l. obt. March 21, 1755. A memorial for John Smith, rector, obt. Oct. 28, 1658. In the church-yard are many headstones, and a tombstone for the family of Beake. In the windows of this church there were formerly many different shields of arms, long since demolished.
This church was always an appendage to the manor, and continues so at this time, Sir Narborough D' Aeth, bart. owner of the manor of Wickham, being the present patron of it.
There was antiently both a rectory and vicarage in this church, which continued till the year 1322, when on a vacancy of the latter, Richard de Newcastle, the rector, petitioned archbishop Walter Reynolds, that they might be consolidated, which was granted, and they have continued in that state to the present time. (fn. 4)
This rectory is valued in the king's books at 29l. 12s. 6d. and the yearly tenths at 2l. 19s. 3d. In 1588 it was valued at 250l. communicants one hundred and sixty-three. In 1640 the same. There are eighteen acres of glebe-land.
The marsh-lands in this parish, within Wickham and Preston valleys, pay a modus of two-pence an acre, and those within Newnham 1½d. only, in lieu of all tithes.
Kilmadock Parish War Memorial, Doune
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NN 72491 01525
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Lettering very difficult to read, badly eroded and patches of moss(?)
There is another plaque at the side by the steps but missed it.
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TO THE GLORY OF
GOD
AND IN MEMORY OF
THE MEN OF THE
PARISH OF KILMADOCK
WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES
FOR KING AND COUNTRY
IN THE GREAT WAR
1914 - 1919
SEE YE TO IT THAT THESE
SHALL NOT HAVE DIED IN VAIN
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Dundee Courier - Thursday 05 June 1919
Image © D.C.Thomson & Co. Ltd. Image created courtesy of THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD.
Doune's War Memorial is to be the statue of a Highland soldier erected in front of the Public Hall gifted to the burgh by Sir A. Kay Muir, Bart., Blair Drummond.
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Dundee Courier - Saturday 27 November 1920
Image © D.C.Thomson & Co. Ltd. Image created courtesy of THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD.
The Earl of Moray has signified his intention of subscribing £600 to the Doune War Memorial Fund.
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Dundee Courier - Monday 31 July 1922
Image © D.C.Thomson & Co. Ltd. Image created courtesy of THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD.
SECRET DOUNE WAR MEMORIAL UNVEILED Versailles Peacemakers Criticised General Sir lan Hamilton, D.5.0., unveiled Saturday the war memorial erected at Doune to the memory of the 63 men of the district who lost their lives in the war.
The memorial is obelisk in character, and its graceful proportions are enhanced by its effect against the wooded background. Its outlook is towards the village, and it is complementary to the new hall opened last week, both schemes having a similar origin and purpose.
A large concourse of people attended the ceremony, the Comrades of the Great War and the Territorials being under Captain Lindsay Pullar, and members of the Voluntary Aid Detachment under Miss Stanley Rogerson. The school children joined in the procession from the Moray Park, and were marshalled behind the memorial by the headmaster, Mr P. C. Merrie. Relatives of deceased were given a place of honour, and it was observed that some the women folk and children wore the medals and decorations of their loved ones.
On the broad base and steps of the monument were gathered the Provost and members of the Town Council and Parish Council, with their wives, and prominent people of the district, including:— Lady Muir, Deanston House; Sir A. Kay Muir, Bart, of Blair Druinmond; Mrs Harry Moncreiffe, London; Mrs M'Grigor, Beechwood, Stirling; Mr and Mrs Hogg, Row House; Mrs Bruce, Bridge of Teith Cottage: Mrs Stirling. Old Newton; Mrs G. S. Mackay, Mrs Stark Christie, Mrs Ash worth, Mrs Thomson, Miss Murray Menzies; Mr and Mrs John Stroyan and Miss Stroyan, Lanrick Castle; Miss Campbell Swinton, Glenardoch; Mrs Baillie Hamilton and party; Sir William and Lady Thomson, Dunblane; Rev. J. Chalmers Peat, Rev. James Scott, Rev. James Menzies, Rev. H. B. De Montmorency, Rev. Canon Docherty: Rev. Jas. Mitchell. Norrieston; and Mrs Scrimgeour; Mr D. Y. Cameron, Kippen, and Mrs Cameron; Mr Eric Bell. Stirling, architect of the memorial, and Mrs Bell; Dr and Mrs Burn Murdoch, Gartincaber; Mr F. L. Burder, East Deanston; ex-Provost Main, Doune; Mr Robert Thomson, Broich; Mr James Paterson, Burnbank; Mr John M'Ewen, Deanston: Mr Wm. M'Carroll, Deanston: Mr William Thomson, banker, Doune: Mr John Thomson, druggist; &c.
Burn Murdoch, who presided, called upon Sir Ian Hamilton, who is a son-in-law of .Lady Muir, to unveil the memorial.
.....
Some people say that we ought to remember our deed by building something useful, something that will be improvement to the place Other people are not satisfied unless they have some beautiful and artistic object to remind them of their lost ones. Deanston and Doune have done both, and I am very glad and very proud to have been here to-day. I have now the honour of unveiling this memorial.
As the Union Jack fell from the memorial the " Last Post " was sounded, and the pipers played lament. Rev. J. Chalmers Peat offered the dedicatory prayer. An opportunity was given at this stage to the relatives and others of placing wreaths and flowers on the memorial. It was an affecting scene, and the tributes were many and of great beauty. One which was given the place of honour was from the Doune, Deanston. and Kincardine Red Cross V.A.D. Detachment, and consisted of white everlastings on a base of laurels, with a large red cross of Flanders poppies in the centre. The Provost and Town Council, and the ex-service men, also sent wreaths, and one from Sir lan and Lady Hamilton had the following:—
"The saviours come not home to-night,
Themselves they could not save."
Roll of Honour:
S.W.O. Stuart Hay Murray, Pte. James Rorie. Major Lindsay Bruce Stark Christie. Pte. Matthew Connelly, Pte. James Dick, Charles Mills, Sergt. James Bell Jackson, Corpl. John Blacklock. Corpl. Peter Campbell, L.-Corpl. Patrick Fallon. L.-Corpl. Peter Innes. L.-CorpL Duncan M'Coll, L.-Corpl. John M'Gregor, L.-Corpl. George Reilly, Ptes. James Blacklock. William Boyd, Andrew Campbell, David Campbell. Alexander Dingwell, James Galbraith. John Graham, John Hislop, Robert Holmes. James George Marshall. James Marshall, Archibald Miller William Miller, John Moffat. Malcolm M'Donald, Daniel M'Naughton, Robert M'Naughton. David M'Vey, James Salmond, James Stewart, Sergt. Michael Manning, Ptes. William M'Leod, Robert Osborne, John Piggot, Lieut. William Maxwell Robertson, Corpl. Robt. Winter, Pte. John Dickie, Lieut. George Cochrane, Ptes. James Allan. Alexander Duncan, William Watt Shields. Captain Arthur Buchanan Baillie Hamilton, Ptes. Thomas Rorie,, Morten Winter, Robert Blennie, John Robertson, Corpl. John Mackay, Ptes. David Black, Alexander Cameron, Walter Martin. Donald M'Callum, L.-Corpl Stephen Hastie, Ptes. John Davie and Roderick M'Kenzie, Captain Colin Thomas Burn Murdoch, Ptes. John Paterson Cameron, William Dow Maclaren, and Charles Murray.
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Doune, Callander Road, War Memorial
War Memorial (Period Unassigned)
Site Name Doune, Callander Road, War Memorial
Classification War Memorial (Period Unassigned)
Canmore ID 339038
Site Number NN70SW 214
NGR NN 72481 01533
Datum OSGB36 - NGR
Permalink canmore.org.uk/site/339038
www.twitter.com/Memoire2cite -“ L’urbanisme des possibles ”Pourquoi dire des grands ensembles qu’ils sont des terres d’avenir ? www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLaaQ2crb2Yoi0aqvbpHthqOowQ... Parce que la fréquentation régulière de ces quartiers m’a amené à y voir autre chose que des territoires à problèmes. Habiter les grands ensembles, c’est habiter la ville. Rarement
la ville-centre, celle du Paris haussmannien ou de la ville autrefois intra-muros, mais la ville tout
de même, un territoire souvent diffus, faible, pas toujours reconnaissable, mais où habite finalement aujourd’hui la majorité des urbains. Les grands ensembles font partie de cet assemblage d’entités autonomes, issues de conceptions rarement hasardeuses, mais pas forcément articulées les unes aux autres. Ils se distinguent du territoire urbanisé par leur masse, leur dimension,
parfois leur ordonnancement. C’est très clair quand on survole une ville depuis
un avion : les barres et les tours des grands ensembles émergent au milieu des
nappes de pavillons, des galettes commerciales et des infrastructures routières.
Pour autant, ils n’organisent ni ne structurent le territoire, comme l’espéraient
leurs concepteurs à l’origine. Ils sont juste plus grands.
Les grands ensembles appartiennent au paysage générique et banal de la banlieue.
Ils en sont même devenus des éléments constitutifs. A ce titre, les barres et les
tours nous parlent d’autre chose que d’habitat ou de difficultés sociales. Bien sûr,
ces immeubles ont tendance à accueillir une population souvent défavorisée, mal
intégrée aux réseaux de production et d’emploi. Bien sûr, les modes de vie et les
relations sociales y sont parfois plus durs et plus violents qu’ailleurs. Mais on ne
peut réduire les grands ensembles à ces difficultés. Leurs situations se rapportent
en effet à une condition beaucoup plus large qui est celle de la banlieue dans sa
globalité, soit la part majoritaire de la condition urbaine actuelle.
Intervenir dans les grands ensembles implique donc de penser aujourd’hui cette
nouvelle condition. Comme l’habiter ? Comment y développer une activité ?
Comment y affronter la précarité énergétique ? Les grands ensembles constituent
un formidable territoire pour aborder ces questions, ils disposent d’un formidable
gisement pour penser la ville de demain. Regarder un territoire, une nécéssité avant toute
transformation
6 | L’urbanisme des possibles
En 2012, le Ministère de la Culture nous a confié, à Ken Rabin et moi-même,
le commissariat et la scénographie d’une exposition itinérante de photographies
sur les grands ensembles. Cette initiative revient à Eric Langereau, directeur de
l’ESAM de Caen, l’Ecole supérieure d’art et de médias qui a accueilli l’exposition
pour la première fois.
L’exposition présente les œuvres d’une dizaine de photographes qui, de 1960
à nos jours, ont porté un regard sur les grands
ensembles. Les œuvres de ces photographes sont
riches d’émotions mais aussi d’enseignements car
la manière d’observer un site ou une situation est
absolument déterminante dans la manière de penser
leur transformation. Et le regard de ces artistesphotographes nous aide à dépasser l’héritage des
fausses représentations.
Au travers de cette exposition, nous avons essayé d’élever les grands ensembles
au rang d’objets dignes de considération. Non pas tant des objets de patrimoine
– dans le sens où il faudrait les conserver, s’interdire de les démolir – mais comme
des objets à la fois importants dans l’histoire d’après la Seconde guerre mondiale
et marquants dans le territoire. Des objets qu’il convient encore d’apprendre à
regarder. Le grand ensemble à l’origine : une promesse de modernité et de confort
Dès la fin des années 1950, la Caisse des dépôts s’impose comme le plus important
constructeur de logements en France. Son rôle est essentiel dans le développement
du modèle du grand ensemble. Chacune des opérations qu’elle livre fait l’objet
d’une mission photographique.
Essentiellement réalisées par Jean Biaugeaud, les images promotionnelles qui en
résultent témoignent de la formidable promesse de cette production à grande
échelle : un nouvel habitat égalitaire, une nouvelle organisation du territoire,
le tout soumis à un objectif essentiel, celui de résoudre la crise du logement. A
l’époque, l’enjeu, c’était d’abriter des gens qui travaillent. Ce qu’il faut retenir,
et ça me paraît extrêmement important par rapport à la situation actuelle dans
laquelle on se trouve aujourd’hui, c’est que le grand ensemble était fait pour loger
des salariés qui ne travaillaient pas sur place. Un lieu où on régénérait en quelque
sorte la force de travail. Le confort du logement participait à cette régénération.
Une vie nouvelle, une vie de pionniers
La vie collective des grands ensembles est très intense durant les premières années.
Les habitants s’engagent dans des mouvements d’éducation populaire et de
jeunesse et des associations. Beaucoup d’entre eux militent au parti communiste.
De 1959 à 1969, le photographe Jacques Windenberger habite Sarcelles. Il s’attache
alors à décrire la vie collective très intense dans cette cité encore en chantier, les
solidarités entre voisins aussi bien que les douceurs familiales.
Ses reportages décrivent avec fidélité la vie de ces pionniers qui inventent de
nouveaux modes de vie collectifs. Une vie un peu à l’écart, mais qui reste accrochée
à la société par le lien du travail.Une question identitaire
Les grands ensembles accueillent dès l’origine une importante communauté de
pieds-noirs et d’immigrés. Ce cosmopolitisme reste une caractéristique forte de
ces quartiers. Certains d’entre eux comptent aujourd’hui plus d’une trentaine de
nationalités différentes.
Né en banlieue parisienne, de père algérien et de mère française, le photographe
Bruno Boudjelal fait une série de clichés bouleversants sur le quotidien de plusieurs
générations de femmes d’origine algérienne.
A la fois journaux intimes et reportages sur les conditions de vie, ces séries
formalisent le trouble identitaire que peut ressentir la première génération des
enfants nés des grands ensembles.
Les grands ensembles se sont fondus dans le territoire
Commandées en 2010 par la Direction générale des patrimoines, les vues aériennes
de l’américain Alex MacLean témoignent de la manière dont quelques grands
ensembles emblématiques de la région parisienne perdurent.
Le photographe nous montre ici comme les barres et les tours ont perdu de leur
monumentalité. Les bâtiments, comme le sol, se sont usés. Les populations se sont
renouvelées. Les grandes dimensions de ces quartiers d’habitation, encore inédites
à l’époque de leur construction, ne se discernent plus dans l’hétérogénéité des
masses de la banlieue. De l’ambition initiale, il ne reste que le visage impersonnel
de ces innombrables fenêtres et une fascination mêlée d’inquiétude devant un
effacement si assumé de toute trace d’individualité.
De plus en plus, le grand ensemble et la ville se confondent. L’un et l’autre sont
immergés dans une urbanité spatiale et culturelle de plus en plus diffuse et
homogèneUn paysage en perpetuelle métamorphose
Le photographe Christian Siloé fonde un récit à partir des chantiers – de la
démolition à la reconstruction – d’une cité de Montereau-Fault-Yonne. On
y voit des grues héroïques déchiqueter les restes puissants de structures
d’immeubles. On y voit aussi les chantiers de pavillons qui viennent
reconquérir le paysage des barres et des tours démolies pour générer un
paysage reconnaissable de lotissement.
Les grands ensembles, ce sont des paysages en métamorphose. C’est
énorme, c’est grand, c’est solide, c’est en béton, mais c’est aussi très
fragile. On les a construit, on les a réhabilité, on les a re-réhabilité, on les
a partiellement démoli, on y a reconstruit d’autres logements, …
Cette fragilité est aujourd’hui inscrite dans le paysage et la culture de
la banlieue. Depuis les
grandes démolitions à
l’explosif des années
80-90, tout le monde
sait que les grands
ensembles sont en
sursis, qu’ils peuvent
disparaître à tout
moment.
Un univers d’idées reçues
Les œuvres de Mohamed Bourouissa rassemblent, dans des mises en
scène soigneuses, les signifiants de la culture des cités : squat de hall,
regroupement en pied d’immeubles, destruction de voiture sur parking,
affrontement entre jeunes sur trottoir...
En faisant appel au vocabulaire noble des tableaux maniéristes
(composition, lumière, pose, cadrage), l’artiste-photographe hisse
les idées reçues au rang de mythe. Parce que la banlieue et les grands
ensembles, c’est aussi ces regards, ces gestes, ces manières d’être en
groupe, ou simplement les uns avec les autres dans des espaces très petits
alors que, juste à côté, il y a des étendues immenses.
Cette chorégraphie des corps, des gestes et des regards – inquiétante pour
certains – est bien sûr liée à l’architecture des grands ensembles. On ne
peut l’ignorer lorsqu’il s’agit de penser aujourd’hui leur devenir.
Entre solitude et promiscuité
Le photographe Cyrus Cornut ne pose pas simplement son regard sur les
grands ensembles, mais sur l’ensemble de la banlieue parisienne.
Ses photographies nous montrent un rapport très particulier des indivi
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dus aux grands espaces, à l’horizon. Les personnages paraissent petits et
isolés au milieu d’un paysage de fenêtres anonymes et de blocs gigan
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tesques, au sein desquels on vit très près les uns des autres.
Cette disproportion entre solitude et promiscuité, ce sont bien sûr les
grands ensembles qui l’ont installé. Mais elle s’est étendu depuis à l’en
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semble des territoires sub- et péri-urbains.
C’est extrêmement important de considérer que cette affaire des grands
ensembles ne se limite pas simplement aux périmètres dit « ZUS », qu’ils
ne se distinguent pas de ce vaste paysage qu’est devenu la ville, la ville
dès que l’on s’éloigne de son centre historique.
Que nous apprennent ces photographies ?
La promesse égalitaire qui fonde l’origine des grands ensembles a-t-elle
entièrement disparue ? L’intensité de la vie collective s’est-elle substituée
à la seule violence des rapports humains ? Peut-on réduire les barres et les
tours aux seuls stigmates du colonialisme et du communautarisme iden
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titaire ? Ces photographies montrent que l’histoire des grands ensembles
est bien plus complexe et qu’ils disposent de bien d’autres atouts. Car le
propre des grands ensembles est qu’ils restent les héritiers de la politique
étatique, planificatrice et égalitaire des Trente Glorieuses tout en étant
devenus poreux au territoire qui les entoure. Et c’est justement ce carac
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tère double qui fait des grands ensembles des terres d’avenir : des terres
mieux adaptées aux conditions économiques et sociétales d’aujourd’hui,
des terres également propices au renouvellement des pratiques de projet.
Le potentiel des espaces verts
Les grandes étendues des espaces verts qui caractérisent la plupart de
ces quartiers témoignent de cette ambigüité. À l’origine, les grands en
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sembles reposaient sur un certain nombre de principes affirmés. Le pre
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mier consistait à implanter les constructions au milieu de vastes étendues
paysagères, apportant ainsi l’air, la lumière et la nature au plus près des
logements. François Parfait, ingénieur des Ponts-et-Chaussées, avait alors
déclaré que ces espaces verts devaient relever d’un statut particulier :
celui de service public. Ce statut à part, qui ne relevait ni du domaine
public ni du domaine privé, n’a jamais vu le jour. Les espaces verts n’ont
jamais trouvé leurs usages et sont restés des lieux d’interdiction, difficiles
à gérer. Des lieux d’inquiétude mais aussi des lieux coûteux en entretien
pour les locataires, les copropriétaires et les collectivités locales.
À partir des années 1980-90, on a commencé à introduire un autre modèle
en aménageant des rues et en distinguant l’espace public de l’espace privé. De
fait, on a simplifié un certain nombre de questions posées depuis l’origine. Les
espaces verts ont été découpés en parcelles. Puis on a mis des clôtures. Et ces
espaces verts, très généreux au départ, que sont-ils devenus ? Essentiellement
des jardins de vue. On a créé des espaces verts privés, morcelés, plus petits, gérés
par les bailleurs sociaux mais toujours sans usage. On a gagné un espace public,
clairement délimité – le plus souvent, les clôtures servent davantage à délimiter
la rue qu’une entité résidentielle – mais, là encore, celui-ci a rarement trouvé
d’autres usages que ceux de la circulation et du stationnement.
Avec les opérations de rénovation urbaine, nous avons découvert que les grands
ensembles pouvaient accueillir un foncier privé, dédié à de nouveaux types
d’habitats privés, générant ainsi une certaine mixité sociale. Pour autant, les
espaces verts résidentiels sont restés des jardins de vue tandis que les espaces
publics sont demeurés des rues circulantes. Est-ce le seul avenir pour ces espaces
verts ? N’y a-t-il pas d’autres hypothèses à envisager ? En élargissant la focale,
on découvre d’autres vocations possibles. Je pense par exemple à des pratiques
solidaires et locales ou à des filières économiques courtes pouvant associer
les habitants ou les actifs logés à proximité. Car ce qui caractérise les grands
ensembles, et que l’on oublie bien souvent, c’est leur ancrage dans le territoire.
De par les liens fusionnels qu’ils entretiennent avec la banlieue, comme évoquée
plus haut. Mais aussi du fait du chômage qui touche souvent plus leurs habitants.
Car si la vocation première des grands ensembles consistait à loger une population
salariée, celle-ci est aujourd’hui d’accueillir des résidents qui font bien plus qu’y
habiter.
Les habitants ont pris de l’avance
Dans de nombreux quartiers périphériques, les habitants exploitent les espaces
libres dont ils disposent pour inventer de nouveaux usages, parfois collectives ainsi
que de nouvelles activités économiques, qualifiées le plus souvent d’informelles (à
ne pas confondre avec souterraines qui désignent le commerce de biens illicites).
C’est le cas tout particulièrement des résidents de nombreux pavillons qui ont
su exploiter les potentiels de leurs garages, de leurs jardins ou d’une partie de
leurs rez-de-chaussée. Ne peut-on imaginer un tel potentiel de « capacitation »
(empowerment) dans les espaces verts des grands ensembles ? Ces surfaces de
pleine terre qui s’étendent au pied des barres et des tours, encombrantes pour
les gestionnaires et les pouvoirs publics, ne pourraient-il pas profiter aujourd’hui
pleinement aux habitants ? Les espaces verts contribueraient alors à faire advenir
de nouvelles modalités de travail, dans l’esprit de ce que Jeremy Rifkin a appelé
la « Troisième révolution industrielle ». En ces temps incertains, où se prépare
une probable pénurie énergétique, les grands ensembles auraient alors toutes les
chances de devenir les porteurs d’une nouvelle promesse. Créer un parc d’initiatives à Toulouse
À Toulouse, dans le quartier de Bagatelle, nous travaillons sur un grand territoire
de 365 hectares, aussi grand que le centre-ville. Celui-ci est bordé par la rocade, la
Garonne et un boulevard de ceinture du centre-ville. Il comprend notamment cinq
quartiers d’habitat social : Bagatelle, La Faourette, Papus, Tabar et Bordelongue.
Sur ce projet de renouvellement urbain, nous abordons plusieurs échelles,
plusieurs temporalités. Nous élaborons un schéma directeur, aménageons un
certain nombre d’espaces publics et accompagnons, en tant qu’urbaniste-conseil,
toutes les opérations.
Ce territoire est constitué de petites « poches » de quelques centaines de logements
sociaux, de pavillons et de copropriétés construits, pour l’essentiel dans les années
1950 et 1960. Chaque « poche » s’est implantée sur une assiette foncière provenant
de la réunion de plusieurs parcelles maraîchères. On a des isolats, des sortes de
successions de petites unités placées les unes à côté des autres. Pour l’architecte
Candilis, auteur du Mirail, l’aménagement de ces quartiers juxtaposés, c’est l’antimodèle.
Est-ce que c’est l’anti-modèle ? Je n’en suis pas si sûr. Parce que la proximité
de toutes ces « poches » est d’une grande richesse. Une des choses les plus
frappantes, c’est le contraste entre les secteurs de grands ensembles et les secteurs
pavillonnaires. Bien que disposant de très vastes espaces verts, les abords des
premiers restent peu investis par les habitants tandis que les maisons débordent
d’usages économiques et associatifs.
Ce contraste nous a beaucoup interrogés. Nous pensions naïvement, avant d’explorer le site, que les secteurs pavillonnaires
n’avaient d’autres fonctions que résidentielles, que leur capacité d’évolution
restait, de fait, très limité. Nous avons découvert des quartiers très vivants, les
activités dans et aux abords des maisons ne cessant de changer, de se transformer.
Et on a commencé à imaginer des choses.
Il se trouve que ce territoire est entièrement soumis à un impératif majeur, le plan
d’exposition au bruit, celui-ci se trouvant dans l’axe des pistes de l’aéroport. La
stratégie de densification n’était donc pas de mise. Les vides n’ayant pas de valeur
foncière, ils pouvaient être mis à profit pour offrir aux habitants des avantages
comparables à ceux des pavillons.
Ainsi, plutôt que de diviser, comme ailleurs, les espaces verts, nous avons choisi
de les amplifier, de les réunir. Dans le quartier de Bagatelle en particulier, nous
avons constitué une entité large et généreuse de 4 hectares, la reconstruction
de l’offre de logements étant reportée de
part et d’autre.
Mais quelle affectation proposer à ce
parc sans alourdir encore les charges
des locataires et de la collectivité ?
Cet enjeu était d’autant plus crucial
que la proportion était d’espaces verts
était devenue, dans ce quartier, très
importante. Un calcul nous a paru éloquent. Il s’agit du nombre de mères carrés par
logement. Si on compare le quartier de Bagatelle avec le centre-ville de Toulouse,
ce ratio était multiplié par quatre.
Mais dès lors que ce parc s’ouvrait aux initiatives des habitants, ce ratio pouvait
diminuer. Au vu de ce qui se passe dans les pavillons, on n’a pas souhaité se
cantonner aux jardins familiaux ou partagés. Ce parc est devenu le parc des
possibles, un parc capable accueillir les initiatives économiques, énergétiques,
agricoles, alimentaires, culturelles, ludiques et sportives des habitants. Les
porteurs de projets disposent d’un morceau de terrain, d’une parcelle, pour une
durée déterminée. Le sol reste propriété de la collectivité, mais il devient, pour
une bonne part, autogéré.
La constitution d’une trame facilite ensuite les connexions à des systèmes de
partage et de coproduction.
Cette hypothèse n’est pas tout à fait nouvelle. Nous pensons notamment à Andrea
Branzi qui a poursuivi, depuis les utopies d’Archizoom dans les années 1960,
une réflexion sur « l’urbanisation faible ». Le dessein de la ville n’étant plus en
mesure d’être planifié, la trame constitue un système ouvert, capable de mettre
en relation des noyaux d’activités éparses, extensifs ou graduels. Nous sommes
loin du modèle de la ZAC. Parole à...
Pierre Vandenbrouck et Julia Golovanoff
Créer, par la trame urbaine, des pages de liberté
Dans le quartier de Bagatelle, il y a eu beaucoup de démolitions, qui ont eu pour
effet de créer du vide.
Nous avons commencé notre travail sur cette question.
Que pouvions nous en faire ? Que faire de tous ces petits espaces, souvent sans
affectation, sans fonction ? Résidentialiser ? Créer des jardins de copropriété ?
Plutôt que de faire des jardins de copropriété surdimensionnés, nous avons
proposé de regrouper, de rassembler tous ces fragments de terrains libres pour
faire un ensemble sur lequel on puisse imaginer des choses et créer un projet.
Nous avons saisi l’opportunité d’utiliser l’espace laissé par les démolitions pour
relier deux espaces verts existants, actuellement enclavés, pour créer un grand
parc qui ferait quatre hectares et permettrait de renouveler l’image du quartier
de Bagatelle.
Mais on ne voulait pas seulement proposer un parc, public et entièrement géré par
la collectivité où toutes les activités seraient assurées et encadrées par le service
public. On pensait qu’il y avait matière à proposer autre chose, plus adapté aux
besoins du quartier. L’idée que l’on a proposée était d’apposer sur ce grand espace
une trame, structure capable d’accueillir des espaces de liberté.
Cette trame, c’était aussi l’occasion de caractériser très fortement l’espace et
de créer une sorte de structure suffisamment forte pour qu’elle puisse, tout en
existant, accueillir une grande variété d’usages.
L’idée n’était pas d’imposer quelque chose de rigide, mais de voir toute la liberté
qu’offre une trame et tout ce qu’elle peut accueillir de différent.
Des jardins plus ouverts
Tout le parc a été divisé par cette trame, en parcelles.
Le mot parcelle nous convenait bien, parce que la parcelle, c’est la petite partie
d’un tout. Et on imagine que tout y est possible, en fait. Et puis on aimait
bien aussi le mot parcelle qui désignait au Moyen-âge un petit morceau d’une
demeure seigneuriale, mise à la disposition d’un serf, et que celui-ci cultivait,
entretenait et dont il se nourrissait. Ici, il ne s’agit pas d’un seigneur ou d’un
serf, mais d’une collectivité et d’une sorte de sous-locataire qui serait un usager
ou une association. Alors on imagine que cela pourrait s’organiser un peu comme
les jardins partagés, mais de façon plus ouverte car l’idée est que les parcelles ne
soient pas forcément des jardins. Elles peuvent être autre chose. Quoi ? On ne le sait pas, mais on se doute bien que les futurs usagers auront beaucoup d’idées
à proposer. On imagine que pour obtenir une parcelle, un habitant, un groupe
d’habitants ou une association puissent proposer un usage et que cette initiative
soit choisie pour son intérêt, pour ce qu’elle peut apporter aux habitants, pour ce
qu’elle peut apporter au quartier en général.
Tout le parc est divisé en parcelles de 200 mètres carrés, surface qui a été choisie
parce que dans 200 mètres carrés, on peut faire des choses très variées.
On ne sait pas ce qu’il y aura dans ces parcelles. On imagine. On peut imaginer
mille choses. Ces parcelles ne sont pas toutes privatisées. Il y a aussi des parcelles
publiques parce que si la ville ne gère pas tout, n’entretient pas tout, il y a aussi
l’idée que la collectivité ne se désintéresse pas de son sol. Et une part de l’espace
public doit rester porteuse de tous les usages possibles, sans appropriation possible.
Dans le cadre d’une préfiguration du futur parc, on a planté des espaces qui
permettent aussi de tester spatialement la taille des parcelles, de voir ce que
ça veut dire d’avoir des parcelles de cette surface sur ces terrains. L’idée est
qu’on prépare le futur. Les habitants, les associations peuvent commencer à se
demander : « Mais, qu’est-ce que j’aimerais faire si j’avais un sol disponible en
extérieur ? ». C’est une chose importante, car les habitants des pavillons ont un
jardin, un garage, alors que les habitants des immeubles collectifs n’ont que leurs
logements. Ils n’ont peut être jamais espéré pouvoir bénéficier d’un sol, prêté par
la collectivité.
Nous, on trace une trame qui peut accueillir les idées de tous les habitants, du
quartier comme d’ailleurs.
Car généralement plus on aménage un espace, moins on a le droit d’y faire de
choses, moins on a confiance dans l’usager et finalement tous les usages qui
s’écartent de ce qui a été prévu sont considérés comme déviants.
C’est finalement dommage de voir que la générosité des pouvoirs publics ou
l’attention portée par les concepteurs sur les espaces publics soient à ce point
réduits une fois les aménagements réalisés.
Ce parc de Toulouse avec ses parcelles, parle aussi de l’usager et de sa place dans
l’espace. Si on synthétise, dans l’histoire des parcs, on a les Tuileries où l’usager
est spectateur d’une nature mathématique, ordonnancée et parfaite. Les Buttes
Chaumont ensuite, c’est la même chose, sauf que c’est un bout de nature qui
est importé à l’intérieur de la ville. On s’isole de la ville et on admire la nature.
C’est dans le Parc de la Villette qu’on a commencé à s’asseoir dans l’herbe, ce
qui paraissait encore un sacrilège dans beaucoup de jardins parisiens. En fait, on
imagine qu’avec ces parcelles, nous allons passer à une autre phase, où on pourrait
s’emparer du sol et en faire quelque chose. Parole à...
Eric Amanou
Je vais vous raconter, comment chargé de la dimension sociale du projet, nous
avons mis en œuvre toute la dimension participative autour de ces intentions.
Au début du projet, nous avions deux intuitions. La première, celle d’un grand parc
de quatre hectares devant relier trois secteurs de Bagatelle, aujourd’hui repliés sur
eux-mêmes. Notre deuxième intuition, c’était de ne pas faire un parc d’agrément,
comme il en existe déjà à Toulouse, notamment dans le quartier voisin de La
Faourette.
On arrive avec quelques idées comme l’agriculture urbaine ou des initiatives
culturelles. On n’en sait pas plus que ça. Cela suffit pour organiser des rencontres
avec les habitants et recueillir leurs réactions.
Nous décidons d’aller vers les habitants, pas par une réunion publique, mais là où
ils sont. Et sur une semaine, on organise une quinzaine de temps de rencontres.
On discute, on demande aux bailleurs de nous organiser des rencontres en pied
d’immeuble avec des locataires, on va voir les personnes âgées, on va sur le marché,
à la brocante, à la sortie des écoles. On rencontre des jeunes enfants dans les
centres d’animation. En tout, c’est une quinzaine de rencontres, au cours desquels
on a dialogué avec 350 habitants, commerçants, associatifs qui nourrissent les
intentions du parc.
De ces libres discussions, où la tendance qui s’exprimait était un parc conciliant
fonction d’agrément, nature en ville et activités
partagées, on a réussi à dégager certains
éléments de fonctionnement et des éléments
programmatiques.
On a aussi voulu identifier les ressources dans
une logique de recensement des initiatives et des
prédispositions à venir. Sur l’idée du grand parc
on a réussi à dégager un élément-clé. Cet espace
vert, il doit finalement être le trait d’union entre trois sous-ensembles et trois
fonctionnements résidentiels. Tout ce travail et le travail sur le fonctionnement
social qui avait été mené en amont par Fanny Martel, nous a permis de tricoter et
de mieux assurer nos intentions, nos intuitions, nos éléments programmatiques.
Dans le même temps cela a permis aux concepteurs, atelier Landauer et atelier
Jours, d’y voir un peu plus clair sur cette idée de trame et de parcellaire.
Aujourd’hui on se demande aussi si ce n’est pas aussi notre métier d’aller vers les
habitants, parce que la démarche compte tout autant que ce qui va être proposé.
Le fait d’aller vers les habitants, avec nos panneaux, d’engager des discussions
libres, tout cela crée des conditions d’adhésion plus favorables.
Je voudrais maintenant aborder quatre difficultés auxquelles nous avons été
confrontées.
La première concerne la gouvernance des projets.
De telles intentions, un tel processus de projet, réinterrogent tous les métiers de
la direction de projet, chez les bailleurs et au
sein des différents services de la collectivité.
Culturellement cela suppose de sortir de toute
standardisation de l’espace public et de tous
les modèles. Cela questionne les logiques de
propriété, de fermeture, de séparation, de
distinction des fonctions... Culturellement
c’est difficile quand on n’a pas un modèle
précis à substituer à celui que l’on propose
d’abandonner.
Finalement, on propose de réfléchir et d’agir
comme des développeurs sociaux. C’est-àdire que l’initiative qui va sortir va devenir
le premier élément de projet, sur lequel on
appuiera un deuxième. Mais rien n’est connu
ni maîtrisé d’avance. C’est une logique de
développement sans outils, hors maquette financière.
Par exemple, une des difficultés qu’on avait avec ce parc, c’est un bâtiment qui
peut gêner son déploiement. On nous demande immédiatement ce qu’on va en
faire. Et on ne sait pas leur répondre. L’écrêter, le réhabiliter, le démolir ? Et les
incertitudes ne rentrent pas dans la maquette financière, il faut faire inscrire le
devenir de ce bâtiment. On l’inscrit donc, en faisant le pari que dans 3-4 ans les
lignes seront fongibles.
La deuxième limite, est celle de la participation traditionnelle, connue.
Avec ce projet, on dépasse les figures habituelles de la concertation et de la
participation, du « faire pour » ou du « faire avec ».
Sur cette logique de coproduction, de reconnaissance d’expertise et surtout
d’incitation aux initiatives, on va mobiliser une autre figure, celle du « faire par
». Il va falloir inventer d’autres figures de la concertation et de la participation.
Savoir solliciter, mobiliser un prestataire qui va animer le territoire, aller à la
rencontre et accompagner les porteurs de projets. On ne sait pas bien qui va
répondre. Mais il va falloir repousser les limites pour inventer un nouveau métier
que celui de la concertation ou de la participation.La troisième limite, c’est celle de la tranquillité publique, de la régulation de
l’espace public. Dans notre concertation et en règle générale, la question des
détournements d’usage, du non respect des espaces et des équipements et de
la dégradation volontaire bride l’imagination. Au travers de ce projet, je pense
qu’il faudra faire naître d’autres métiers de la régulation publique. Les jardins
partagés, d’une certaine manière, sont aussi des petits miracles, un peu partout
dans le pays. Partout où ils existent et où ils sont bien faits, ils sont extrêmement
respectés, y compris dans des contextes de grande tension. Les associations
gestionnaires de ces jardins-là, parce qu’ils ont d’autres modes de faire, parce qu’ils
travaillent autrement avec des habitants, parce que c’est une valorisation aussi de
la ressource, produisent des formes de respect, de régulation.
Pour obtenir une régulation de l’espace public afin que toutes ces initiatives se
fassent, il va falloir inventer des nouvelles figures de la régulation, à l’image
des gestionnaires de ces jardins partagés ou des collectifs de jeunes architectes
ou paysagistes qui fabriquent avec les publics qu’ils rencontrent et dont les
productions tiennent et sont respectées par tous, ou presque. Ces gens ont une
capacité, dans une approche nouvelle envers les habitants, dans leur aptitude à
être acceptés, à réussir là où l’action publique traditionnelle échoue.
La quatrième limite tient à notre approche républicaine. On se fixe des limites
idéologiques, républicaines. Si on n’accepte pas d’encourager « l’activité de la
débrouille », on ne voit pas comment ça va se faire. On connaît ces activités on
voit bien que ce n’est pas très légal, que la République ne peut pas cautionner ça
et doit fixer une limite. Mais a-t-on vraiment le choix ? Il y a peut-être une logique
de pragmatisme de l’action publique qui va devoir permettre de détendre un peu
ces grands principes républicains.
Un chiffre nous a vraiment surpris. Depuis que le statut existe, c’est dans le
quartier habitat social du Mirail qu’il y a le plus d’auto-entrepreneur. Cela rend
compte de la fermeture du marché traditionnel et de la capacité des gens à
entreprendre, innover, tenter des activités. Lorsqu’il y a cadre légal, les habitants
y adhérent. Mais si cela doit passer par de la « débrouille », ils iront aussi. Nous,
savons que sur ce genre de projet, il va falloir aussi qu’on repousse ces limites de
l’action publique républicaine.Histoire de projet
Fosses : le grand ensemble devient le centre-ville
Cela fait dix ans que nous travaillons sur le projet de Fosses. Nous avons développé
un projet urbain. Aujourd’hui nous avons la maîtrise d’œuvre des espaces publics
et une mission de coordination. On en est à peu près à mi-parcours.
Fosses, est une commune de 10 000 habitants dans le Val d’Oise, en limite de l’Ile
de France, bordée par les grandes plaines agricoles de l’Oise. C’est une ville qui n’a
jamais eu de centre. Une ville périurbaine qui s’est développée à partir des années
1960-70 à proximité de la gare, à plusieurs kilomètres du village d’origine. Elle
comprend des pavillons, un grand ensemble (avec son centre commercial et son
centre social), un lotissement fait de maisons en bandes dites « chalandonnettes
» (elles ont été financées dans le cadre d’une loi du ministre Albin Chalandon),
un réseau d’étroites venelles piétonnes et quelques gros équipements (gymnase,
piscine, poste).
Comme la ville disposait d’une densité plus importante au niveau du grand
ensemble, la ville y a disposé la mairie dans un bâtiment préfabriqué. Puis,
dans les années 1980-90, elle y a construit une église, une halle de marché et
quelques immeubles collectifs aux façades régionalistes. Cela forme un ensemble
très disparate, une juxtaposition de fragments urbains qui relèvent chacun d’une
conception urbaine particulière, sans aucun lien ni articulation, une juxtaposition
de machines solitaires séparées par des vides indistincts, remplis de stationnements
ou de buttes de terre.
Du fait de cette situation, le projet de renouvellement urbain qui nous a été confié
est vite devenu un projet de centre-ville. Il y avait une attente forte des habitants
dans ce sens. Les choses qui nous ont été dites, au tout début, c’était des choses
simples: « Quand on fait une photo pour un mariage, on aimerait bien que le décor
soit autre chose qu’un préfabriqué ! ». Il y avait donc un besoin de symbolique.
Mais en même temps, il y avait un paradoxe. Parce que rien ne justifiait a priori
que le quartier du Plateau, où se trouvait le grand ensemble devienne, plus qu’un
autre, le centre-ville.
C’est très particulier une ville qui se développe sans centre. Cela peut générer un
repli des habitants au sein de leurs logements ou de leurs unités de voisinage.
A Fosses, cela a généré, à l’inverse, une solidarité incroyable. Ici, tout le monde
semble se connaître et s’entraider. Durant la canicule de l’été 2003, tous les
habitants se sont organisés pour porter secours aux personnes les plus âgées ou
les plus immobiles. Et Fosses n’a pas connu le nombre de décès des autres villes
françaises. D’où provient cette fraternité ? Peut-être du fait qu’aucun habitant
n’est ici plus légitime qu’un autre. Pas d’habitant du cœur qui dédaignerait celui
de la périphérie : la ville n’a pas de centre ! Pas d’habitant plus ancien pour rejeter
le dernier arrivé : l’urbanisation y est à la fois trop improvisée et trop récente !
Toutes les étapes du projet que nous avons élaboré depuis dix ans se sont faites
avec les habitants. Chaque option a été discutée le soir, dans des ateliers urbains,
des réunions au centre social, au collège ou à la mairie. Mais aussi les samedis
matin devant le centre commercial. Les habitants ont toujours répondu présents.
La principale difficulté était d’installer une nouvelle identité urbaine sans détruire
ce qui fait, paradoxalement, la force et la spécificité de Fosses : celles d’une ville
à peu près égalitaire. Nous nous sommes dit qu’il fallait intervenir sur les vides,
les organiser sans forcément les délimiter par du plein. Parmi ces vides, il y aurait
une place. Mais une place traversée par les voies de circulation qui soit davantage
une juxtaposition de parvis qu’une place principale. Il ne s’agissait pas d’établir de
hiérarchie. Nous avons juste densifié un peu.
Ces parvis s’installent dans la continuité de l’actuelle placette du marché qui forme
une première équerre. Trois autres équerres viennent compléter ce dispositif.
Pourquoi d’autres équerres ? Par respect du déjà-là mais aussi pour faire que ce
nouveau morceau de ville fasse le lien entre ceux qui l’ont précédé. Prolonger
l’existant et non s’y substituer. Dialoguer et non ajouter un monologue de plus.
Jusqu’à présent, aucune génération n’avait cherché à poursuivre l’œuvre de la
génération précédente.
D’autres outils sont venus a posteriori. Il s’agit du poché. Si on regarde le plan de
Rome fait par Nolli au XVIIIème siècle, on voit que l’espace public, les places, ce
sont des blancs dans le « poché » noir du bâti. A Fosses, dans cette ville périurbaine,
quand on noircit sur un plan le bâti, il reste une gigantesque proportion de blanc.
Comment dès lors faire exister une place, par essence vide, au milieu du vide ? Si
on regarde d’un peu plus près ce même plan de Nolli, on voit qu’il a laissé en blanc tous les espaces accessibles au public, comme l’intérieur des églises ou de certains
palais. Ce n’est pas simplement le blanc dans le plein du bâti, c’est aussi le bâti
accessible au public. Et cela dit beaucoup de choses de la ville. Si on applique ce
principe au plan de Fosses on voit que finalement, la disparité, la difficulté de
cette ville, relève des registres d’accessibilité. Ce que le seul poché des bâtis ne dit
pas forcément. Nous avons proposé de remédier à cette difficulté en créant des
connexions avec les circulations existantes. Cela a permis de développer un vrai
réseau piéton, de renforcer cette identité piétonne très forte de la ville, issue des
conceptions urbaines des années 60-70 et qui fonctionnent aujourd’hui très bien.
Le premier bâtiment construit relève du symbolique. Il s’agit du pôle civique,
qui comprend la mairie et quelques équipements. C’est un très beau bâtiment
construit par Pierre-Louis Faloci. Il forme la deuxième équerre de la place. Ce
faisant, il introduit un phénomène inattendu, une relation très surprenante avec
les constructions existantes. Cette confrontation est très stimulante. Le vide entre
ces constructions de plusieurs âges, de plusieurs styles, apparaît d’ores et déjà
comme un lieu à investir et non plus un interstice sans valeur. Il devient porteur
de nouveaux imaginaires et, pourquoi pas, de nouvelles initiatives.
Une question reste. Dans un reportage réalisé sur la ville de Fosses par le collectif
Fusion, un jeune homme part de son regret de voir 3 des 6 tours démolis dans le
cadre de ce projet. Ces démolitions, c’était une demande de l’ANRU. « De quoi vat-on avoir l’air avec tous ces immeubles plus bas, à la même hauteur ? » s’interroget-il. On comprend vite que sa référence de ville se situe du côté des autres grands
ensembles – Sarcelles ou Garges-Lès-Gonesse – situés à proximité et que ces grands
ensembles, également sans hiérarchie, incarnent pour lui la vie métropolitaine.
Comment dès lors préserver ce qui, du grand ensemble, participe de cette identité
? C’est une vraie question pour l’avenir du renouvellement urbain. Il est clair, qu’à
Fosses, on aurait pu faire sans démolir ces trois tours…Besançon : “ un urbanisme de la vie privée”
Ce projet porte sur un grand ensemble de la banlieue de Besançon. Nous avons
fait un projet urbain qui prévoyait la réhabilitation de certaines barres et la
démolition-reconstruction de certaines autres. Nous avons ensuite réalisé, comme
architecte, une soixantaine de logements.
À Besançon, l’origine de la ville se trouve dans la boucle du Doubs. C’est une
ville magnifique, entourée par les fortifications de Vauban. Mais dès qu’on est à
l’extérieur, tout est déconnecté, avec un relief extrêmement complexe. Les zones
pavillonnaires et d’activités sont entièrement privatisés et greffé sur des voies de
desserte. Les seuls espaces qui restent complètement ouverts sont ceux des grands
ensembles. Il s’ensuit une situation très contrastée entre des secteurs qui n’offrent
aucun espace de rencontre en dehors des enclos et des secteurs très ouverts, mais
qui n’autorisent aucune liberté d’action en dehors du logement.
Il y a un très beau texte d’Émile Aillaud qui s’appelle « Un urbanisme de la vie
privée » et qui explique que ce qu’il manque aux grands ensembles ce ne sont
pas tant des espaces collectifs que des espaces où on peut être seul, où on peut
se mouvoir librement en dehors des logements. Des lieux où les enfants peuvent
construire leurs personnalités, à l’écart des groupes et de leurs familles. J’ajouterai
aujourd’hui : et où les adultes peuvent initier de nouvelles activités.
Aujourd’hui encore, on insiste beaucoup sur l’intimité du logement et les relations
de voisinage mais très peu sur cette dimension de solitude et de capacitation.
Dans ce quartier de La Bouloie, nous avons superposé à la trame ouverte du
grand ensemble une nouvelle trame plus privée. De cette superposition émerge
une diversité de lieux et de situations qui, nous l’espérons, favorisent la solitude
et l’autonomie. Cette diversité provient notamment de la manière dont nous
avons travaillé le terrain et implanté les constructions dans la pente. Les barres
n’entretenaient aucun rapport avec le sol.
Cette opération a été réalisée avec un budget extrêmement réduit. Une contrainte
intéressante qui nous a permis de
placer l’architecture ailleurs que
dans l’effet plastique et de montrer
combien les grands ensembles ne
souffrent pas tant de la monotonie de
leurs façades que de leurs difficultés
à établir une relation féconde avec
leur sol. Repenser ce rapport permet
d’offrir aux habitants la capacité de
réinventer un quotidien en dehors
de leurs logements. Châlons-en-Champagne : un grand ensemble face à
la campagne
À Châlons-en-Champagne, nous avons réalisé un projet urbain qui portait sur le
devenir du quartier Vallée-Saint-Pierre, situé en entrée de ville.
Ce qui nous a frappés, c’est le rapport qu’entretenait ce quartier avec la campagne
environnante. Campagne dont elle n’était séparée que par une voie rapide.
C’est une question vraiment intéressante que ce rapport d’échelle entre le
grand ensemble et la grande étendue de la campagne. Dans l’histoire des grands
ensembles, il y a deux grands modèles. Le modèle de l’unité de voisinage et un
autre modèle qui consiste à mettre directement en relation l’intimité du logement
avec le territoire, sans échelle intermédiaire.
C’est ce rapport là que nous avons tenté de mettre en valeur. Il se trouve qu’il y a
toute une tradition française du rapport entre l’intimité et la campagne. Il s’agit
de la tradition des Jardins à la Française. La plupart de ces jardins mettent en scène
l’horizon avec un premier plan composé, une géométrie affirmée et entièrement
maîtrisée. Ce dispositif permet, en quelque sorte, de faire entrer la campagne à
l’intérieur d’espaces plus intimes. C’est de là que nous sommes partis pour élaborer
ce projet. Nous avons établi une trame qui établit un lien avec le paysage qui se
déploie au-delà de la voie rapide.
Ce projet a été réalisé il y a quelques années mais j’y retrouve des choses qu’on
essaie de faire maintenant, de manière beaucoup plus consciente et précise,
notamment à Toulouse : l’installation d’une trame géométrique à l’intérieur de
laquelle plusieurs programmes peuvent venir s’installer. Une trame sans axe ni
hiérarchie car la ville aujourd’hui n’est plus le fait du prince. Strasbourg : accompagner le temps de l’entre deux
Nous avons réalisé une étude sur le quartier du Port du Rhin à Strasbourg. Cette
étude s’inscrivait dans le cadre d’un programme du PUCA intitulé « Qualité et sûreté
des espaces urbains ». Il s’agissait d’apporter les modifications ou les compléments
nécessaires à l’acceptation sociale d’un projet conçu par la paysagiste Marion
Talagrand, dans le cadre d’un schéma directeur élaboré par l’équipe Reichen et
Robert. Nous avons travaillé ici avec l’équipe REP (« Réussir l’espace public »), en
particulier avec Anne Wyvekens.
Le site en question accueillait, jusqu’à Schengen, le poste-frontière. Il est
aujourd’hui déserté. On y trouve aujourd’hui un ensemble de 520 logements,
une école, deux églises – une catholique, une protestante – ainsi qu’un parc
métropolitain, le parc des Deux Rives.
Le projet de développement de la ville de Strasbourg sur ces rives du Rhin
s’accompagne d’une nouvelle ligne de tramway qui va jusqu’à Kehl, en Allemagne.
C’est un projet très ambitieux, très emblématique. Il prévoit la construction de
1 500 logements, ainsi que de nombreux commerces, bureaux et équipements.
Jusqu’à présent, ce quartier était plus proche du centre de Kehl que du centre de
Strasbourg. La plupart des gens faisaient leurs courses dans la ville allemande, de
l’autre côté du Rhin, sur un axe de déplacement est-ouest. Avec l’installation d’une
esplanade nord-sud, parallèle au fleuve, autour de laquelle se déploient les îlots de
construction, c’est une nouvelle organisation qui s’installe.
De nombreux habitants ont exprimé le sentiment d’être exclus du projet.
Nous avons donc réfléchi aux moyens d’accompagner la transformation radicale du
site pour faciliter cette mutation, prévue sur quinze ans. Nos moyens restaient toutefois limités pour atteindre cet objectif. Le phasage du projet était déjà établi.
Un phasage tenait ainsi compte du calendrier prévisionnel des opérations à venir
sur les parcelles bordant l’esplanade ainsi que de l’arrivée du tramway.
Nous avons donc fait le choix de ne pas interférer dans un processus de projet déjà
largement engagé. Notre étude n’allait pas porter sur des « mesures correctives
» mais sur des compléments d’aménagements et des installations portant sur les
parties du site en attente de transformation.
Ces installations provisoires permettent d’accompagner « en douceur » les
transformations d’usage du site. L’objectif est d’intégrer les pratiques des habitants
dans ce passage progressif d’une organisation est-ouest à une organisation nordsud. Ils concernent tout à la fois des aménagements temporaires d’allées ou de
parvis, l’installation de jardins familiaux et partagés, de la mise en œuvre d’objets
évènementiels permettant de voir le site depuis un point haut et de la mise en
place de dispositifs d’information sur le projet. Ces aménagements et installations
provisoires seront remplacés, au fur et à mesure, par des aménagements plus
permanents. Une telle démarche permet d’explorer quelques leviers d’action du
côté de la transformation. En effet, le passage entre l’état existant et l’état projeté
est rarement pensé en tant que tel dans l’urbanisme courant. On privilégie les
images avant-après, sans s’inquiéter de ce qui se passe entre les deux. Ce que l’on
appelle le phasage est généralement déterminé par un ensemble de contraintes
techniques, économiques, voire politiques. Les potentiels de certains lieux,
les pratiques, parfois ténues, des habitants, échappent le plus souvent à cette
planification. Or le fait de tirer parti des situations existantes et des situations
intermédiaires qui peuvent surgir à certaines étapes de la transformation, permet
d’ouvrir le champ des possibles.
En abordant le phasage sous un angle qui ne serait plus exclusivement technique,
mais tout à la fois social, culturel et artistique, on s’offre la possibilité de générer
de nouvelles proximités, de nouveaux échanges. C’est une condition indispensable
pour permettre aux habitants de faire face aux transformations de leurs quartiers.
Mais aussi de la planète. Car les mutations en cours sont imprévisibles. Il est
nécessaire aujourd’hui d’être très attentifs aux initiatives micro-économiques
et aux évolutions imperceptibles qui font, par exemple, que l’habitat se mêle au
travail ou que les frontières s’effacent entre approvisionnement, production et
distribution.
Repères biographiques
• 1990 : Obtention de son diplôme d’architecte DPLG à l’Ecole Nationale
Supérieure d’Architecture de Nancy.
• 1996-2004 : Chercheur au Laboratoire d’histoire de l’architecture
contemporaine (LHAC) à l’Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de
Nancy.
• 2002 : Ouverture de son agence « atelier Landauer architecture +
urbanisme » dans le 14ème arrondissement de Paris.
• 2004 : Obtention de son doctorat en histoire de l’architecture à l’Université
de Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne.
• Depuis 2007 : Enseignant titulaire à l’Ecole d’architecture, de la ville et des
territoires à Marne-la-Vallée et chercheur à l’Observatoire de la condition
suburbaine.
• 2009 : Parution de son ouvrage « L’architecte, la ville et la sécurité » aux
éditions PUF.
• 2010 : Parution de son ouvrage « L’invention du grand ensemble » aux
éditions Picard.
• 2011 : Parution de son ouvrage, coécrit avec Dominique Lefrançois, « Emile
Aillaud, carnet d’architectes » aux éditions du Patrimoine.
• Depuis 2013 : Dirige l’Observatoire de la condition suburbaine à l’Ecole
d’architecture, de la ville et des territoires à Marne-la-Vallée.
Les grands ensembles sont des terres d’avenir ! Sans interrogation mais avec
affirmation, Paul Landauer souhaite nous montrer, à partir de son expérience,
comment les grands ensembles ont pris, depuis leur construction, toute leur place
dans la fabrique de la ville et comment ils peuvent devenir les pionniers d’une
nouvelle façon de transformer la ville.
Pour cet architecte, docteur en histoire de l’architecture, pas de rupture entre
la recherche, l’enseignement et la conception de projets urbains. De Toulouse à
Strasbourg, en passant par Fosses, Besançon, Brest, Nemours, Mourenx ou Chalonsen Champagne, il lie tous ces registres.
Au commencement de toute pratique, un regard sur les territoires mais aussi sur
les hommes et les femmes qui l’habitent... Ce regard, Paul Landauer va l’exercer sur
de nombreux territoires, comme historien, comme architecte-urbaniste, mais aussi
comme animateur d’ateliers urbains, un exercice qu’il affectionne particulièrement.
C’est cette qualité dans les expertises croisées et multiples qui le conduit à être
reconnu comme un des spécialistes des grands ensembles. C’est porté par sa
conviction que le savoir doit se transmettre, qu’il va être l’auteur de plusieurs livres
et expositions dans le domaine de l’histoire de l’habitat et de la perception des
territoires de la banlieue par les photographes.
Il s’engage également contre la place grandissante qu’a prise la sécurité dans les
projets urbains. Il s’attache, dans plusieurs ouvrages, à dénoncer les incidences des
dispositifs de contrôle, de surveillance et d’évitement dans la conception de la ville
et à revendiquer le maintien d’un espace public favorisant la rencontre et l’initiative.
Il réalise notamment une place publique – avec des bancs ! – dans le quartier réputé
insécure de Lambezellec à Brest et démontre ainsi comment l’aménagement de lieux
ouverts, sans a priori sur ce qu’ils vont accueillir, peut constituer une alternative
aux grilles et aux contrôles d’accès pour rassurer les habitants. En 2008, le Forum
français de la sécurité urbaine et l’Acsé lui décernent un prix pour cette réalisation.
Paul Landauer, c’est une manière unique de regarder la diversité des territoires,
dans leur globalité, dans leurs résonnances les uns avec les autres, mais surtout
de les interpréter avec humanisme, replaçant la question de la valorisation et de
la transformation des situations existantes comme fonction essentielle du projet.
Ni critique ni nostalgique en retraçant l’histoire des grands ensembles. Mais une
mise en perspective de tous les potentiels humains et urbains qui les composent.
Ce qu’il nous propose, c’est une autre manière de concevoir la place de l’habitant
dans la ville, pour que celui-ci soit toujours en capacité d’interaction et d’autodétermination pour faire face aux enjeux de notre époque. Urbanisme - l'Apres 1945 @ 2 millions de logements a créer en urgençe..45 pour cent du parc locatif bombardé.. « Ginny » vu par l’urbaniste Nicolas Monnot @ les grands-ensembles www.arte.tv/fr/videos/082309-000-A/ginny-vu-par-l-urbanis...
sig.ville.gouv.fr/atlas/ZUS/ La matrice des G.E. s'est développée au lendemain de la guerre, lors de la reconstruction, mais ses origines de 1930, en France (Cité de la Muette à Drancy, quartier des Gratte-ciel à Villeurbanne).Gilles Ragot, historien de l'art, maître de recherche içi www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEBfg4vXNOM …Dès la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, Eugène Claudius-Petit, éminent ministre de la reconstruction (1948-1952) déclare qu'il faut avoir une politique de "construction et non seulement de reconstruction". Nourri des thèses du Mouvement Moderne (la Charte d'Athènes est publiée en 1943), Claudius-Petit plaide pour une politique ambitieuse de logement social qu'il ne peut dissocier d'une réforme complète de la ville traditionnelle. www.citedelarchitecture.fr/fr/video/de-la-reconstruction-... Les 30 Glorieuses . com et la carte postale.l'UNION SOCIALE POUR L HABITAT fete ses 90 ans "TOUT savoir tout voir, tout connaitre, sur le LOGEMENT SOCIAL des HLM aux HBM avec le Musée HLM" en ligne sur le WEB içi www.banquedesterritoires.fr/lunion-sociale-pour-lhabitat-... … De grandes barres d’immeubles, appelées les grands ensembles, sont le symbole de nos banlieues. Entrée Libre revient sur le phénomène de destruction de ces bâtiments qui reflètent aujourd’hui la misere www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCqHBP5SBiM
difficult to understand these "frenchies" and their odd expressions, their slang, their way of pronouncing.....
The day almost ended in disaster before it had really begun. We booked the train tickets many months ago, but as time went on we found it was going to be difficult to hire a car and travel back home, so instead of traveling to the end of the line at Fort William, we would get off in Glasgow and get a taxi to the airport. We tried to change our official tickets, but couldn’t, so on getting on the train, we well th hostess, she makes notes and tell us that her successor would wake us up at half five with breakfast so we would be ready to get off the train at six.
It all seemed set, so we went to bed thinking it was all under control. And as the journey went on through the night, I felt for movement of the train wondering where in Britain we might be depending on whether I could feel movement or not.
I must have laid in bed for a while, wondering still where and when we were. I finally looked at the screen on my mobile to find it quarter to six! Eeek!
We had 15 minutes to get dressed and squeeze or cases close and be ready to get off. We rang for the assistant, who apologised, and it wasn’t her fault either. But we were running behind time, so we had half an hour before we got off.
The train crept through Glasgow and then headed out fo the city west alongside the river. At twenty past, we arrived at Dalmuir, heavy drizzle was falling, and as we got off the train, no taxi could be seen.
I called up the company, and they sent a cab to pick us up, arriving a few minutes later, loading our luggage inot the boot, then growling at us as to where we wanted to go, and apparently unimpressed thst we had come all the way from DOver to be here.
He took no time taking us through the housing estate, onto the motorway then across the bridge over the river, turning off and arriving at the airport.
From being in a panic an hour before, we were now on time, and once at the car hire office found it to open, some 15 minutes early. We are told that no signatures were required, the keys were ready to pick up from Omar in the office in the pound.
Omar gives me the key to an Audi A4, which is a great and quick car. We put in our bags, and find that the car was already pretty much full, and we had to pick up Tiny who had stayed on the train from Fort William.
Amazingly, we were on the road at seven, driving back to the river corssing then taking the road north. Always north from now.
We go into the centre of Dumbarton to look for a place to do some shopping. We find Morrison’s, and go inside, only to find the shop almost empty, at least with more staff than customers. Back home this would already be packed with people. We go round and buy what we think we would need for the three of us.
Back out onto the main road, we descend to the banks of Loch Lomond, taking the low road as it followed the contours of the Loch. We stop at a country park overlooking the loch, not a breath of wind stirred with water below, so we ate sausage rolls surround by a cloud of midges.
The road carried on, all around the bonnie bonnie banks of Loch Lomond before the road began to climb and climb, higher and higher until the trees ran out, and on both sides the vista opened out.
We stop at a greasy spoon for a coffee and Tunnock’s Caramel slice at a parking area overlooking the valley below as it began to climb again.
Up and down the road goes, and up again until we come to the top end of Glencoe, and in front of us the vista opens out with dark ominous clouds above and valley sides that had been carved by glaciers
At the far end of the valley, the road had reached sea level, and in a few more minutes we roll into Fort William, where Tony was waiting at the station, having arrived just a few minutes ahead of us.
From there the road branched out along a sea loch, alongside the railway which also was going to Mallaig. The sea loch opened out so we could see open ocean in the distance, we join other cars in parking up beside the coast so we could all take shots.
Sadly, parking at Glenfinnan was full, but we shall return at some point. Anyway, we only had half an hour to go before we arrived at Mallaig and the ferry terminal. Sadly, we had failed to book passage beforehand, and so had to buy a standby ticket, but we were told there would be no trouble getting on as we were the first in the reserve queue.
We had an hour to kill before the boarding began, so we go for a wander round the town. Mallaig exists for fishing anf being the starting point of the Skye ferry. The railway line also ends here, but the town itself probably has less than 1o thousand people, but it picturesque enough, set around the harbour, filled wit small fishing boats.
Jools and I have lunch in the Mission Cafe, while Tony goes for an hour walk being measured on Strava.
At one everyone goes back to their cars and boarding begins. Once all the booked cars and buses go on, we are allowed to follow onto the ferry.
We get out of the car and climb to the passenger decks above, until I get to the open dicks ready to witness the casting off.
By now the day was bright, so sunshine shone off the heather on the hills of the mainline and on the island. The crossing took just half an hour, the ferry reversed into the berth and we were allowed back to our cars ready to depart.
The cottage was just a four mile drive along the coast, turning up the hill and into the driveway. Here at last.
It is a fine modern bungalow with a large picture window overlooking the sound and the mainland beyond. We unload the car of our luggage and shopping, and fill up wardrobes and cupboards, finally able t put the kettle on for a well-deserved brew.
We had forgotten to bring coffee for Jools, so Tony and I go out in the car to find a shop. Over the other side of the island we find a Co-Op, it is well stocked and we find coffee, more Coke and beer for me.
We fly back over to the cottage, over the moor along a newly tarmaced road, traveling at a little over the limit, arriving back so I could make a coffee for Jools.
We sit in the living room, not watching TV, but the scene out of the large window, as the setting sun cast wonderful light on the sound and hills beyond. Dinner was a simple pasta dish with tomato sauce, into which I put some square sausage to added flavour. Local flavour.
And that was your day, arrived and settled in.
I have been doing the Kent church project, as I like to call it, (*checks notes) May 2009, and over the years some churches have been very difficult to see inside of. Thanks to the internet, many of those have been now covered and recorded.
The most recent tricky one was Bicknor.
Bicknor is a hamlet near to the Medway towns, up on the downs, among woods and orchards. Being remote, it has become a target for vandals and thieves, so is now kept very locked. Lat time I tired to see inside was during the recent Heritage Weekend, and the Ride and Stride list assured us that it would be manned at least.
A half hour trip out of my route brought me to the usual situation of the church locked up tight.
And then a couple of weeks back, the warden at Milstead told me there was to be a Christmas Fayre at Bicknor on the 24th. A plan was set.
But come half six on a Sunday morning, my enthusiasm was at a low ebb, and it would not have taken much for me not to go.
Whatever the outcome, there was coffee to drink, football to watch and bacon to cook first.
Jools went swimming, and I watched the football, not from behind the sofa as Norwich not only won but played very well indeed. A pleasant change from recent weeks, and hopefully the start of a charge up the table.
At nine, the football was watched, Jools came home and I cooked bacon.
All good.
And I decided we would go to Bicknor after all, and a good job we did, as we saved the fayre, partly.
Bicknor is a 45 minute drive away, and in dull and drizzly conditions, it wasn't a pleasant drive, but with the radio on and traffic not too bad, could have been worse. From the A249 junction, it was a ten minute drive along the narrow lanes leading to the top of the downs, then along the ridge to Bicknor, where outside the church people were putting up stalls ready for the 11 o'clock start.
We parked under a tree at the edge of the graveyard, I got my cameras and we went to see if the church was open. The front door wasn't, bu the vestry door was, and once through there, the nave and chancel was a scene of chaos. The lady running the event had a million things to do, chase up were three quarters of the stalls had got to, dress as a fairy and find Father Christmas his suit.
Not sure whether the suit was ever found!
We were free to take pictures, but it was clear that much work needed to be done. I was asked to light the dozens of candles round the church, I was assisted by Jools. We did the three chandeliers, and around the corbel line at just about head height.
I took more shots.
We took the step ladders out, moved the pews. And just when it looked like all was set, three mayors of neighbouring villages arrived. A forth was on his way, has car needed space to get into the small car park. All car owners were asked to move their cars. This gave us an opportunity to leave, so we said farewell to the stressed lady, and I got a kiss on the cheek!
Before we left, I take the role of official photographer and snap the three mayors, and we are gone.
Back home down the narrow lanes and down to Maidstone before turning east on the motorway to Ashford and home, listening to Desert Island Discs whilst we drove.
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A rare find in the heart of the orchards - with no village to keep it company. Entirely 19th century rebuild, by Bodley, of a medieval church, it uses clunch (local hard chalk) rather than the more usual flint in this part of Kent. A small church it may be, but it is of noble proportions, with a tall narrow chancel and splendid towering reredos. Imagine it by candlelight and you will see it as the Victorians did. It is a building of which they, and we, can be proud. Nave, north and south aisles, chancel, west tower. The church is not normally open.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Bicknor
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BICKNOR.
THE next parish north-westward is Bicknor, antiently written Bykenore, the south-west part of which is in the hundred of Eyhorne, and division of WestKent; and the remainder in that of Milton, and division of East Kent; but the church and village being situated in the former part of it, this parish is esteemed to be in the division of West Kent.
BICKNOR is an obscure remote place, lying a little more than two miles northward from the summit of the chalk hills. It lies among the woods, mostly on high ground, and though with much hill and dale, yet the former are neither so steep nor so frequent as in Wormshill, and the adjoining parishes before described. It is a very healthy situation, but the soil is very poor, consisting mostly of an unfertile red earth, much intermixed with flints. The church and adjoining village, of only five or six houses, stand on the southern side of the parish, about a mile northward from which is the hamlet of Dean-bottom; near the south-east side of the village is a large quantity of wood ground, called Bicknor-wood, besides which there are several other small parcels of wood-ground, interspersed in different parts of it, equally poor with the rest of the lands in it; in the northern part of the parish is an estate called Northwood, lately belonging to the Chambers's, of Tunstall.
THIS PLACE was antiently part of the possessions of a family of the same name. Sir John de Bicknor held it, as half a knight's see, in the reign of Edward I. and he, as well as Sir Thomas de Bicknor, accompanied that king to the siege of Carlaverock, in Scotland, in the 28th year of his reign, and are registered in the roll of those knights, who were made bannerets there by that prince. Their arms, being Ermine, on a chief azure, three lions rampant, argent, are still remaining on the roof of Canterbury cloysters.
In the 1st and 4th years of Edward II. Alexander de Bykenore, clerk, was treasurer of the exchequer in Ireland, and Thomas de Bykenore, in the 5th year of that reign, married Joane, eldest daughter and heir of Hugh de Mortimer, of Castle Richard. But before this, at the latter end of Edward I.'s reign, Bicknor was become the property of the family of Leyborne, one of whom, William de Leyborne, died possessed of it in the 3d year of Edward II. His son Thomas died in his life-time, so that his grand-daughter Juliana became his heir, and from her great inheritance was called the Infanta of Kent. She died without issue by either of her husbands, all of whom she survived, and possessed in her own right of this manor, in the 41st year of Edward III. but no one being found who could claim it as heir to her, it escheated to the crown, where it remained till the king, in his 50th year, granted it, among other premises, to the abbey of St. Mary Graces, on Tower-hill, then founded by him, by whom it was quickly afterwards demised to Sir Simon de Burley, for a term of years, which becoming forfeited by his attainder, Richard II. in his 12th and 22d years, granted and confirmed this manor to it, in pure and perpetual alms for ever.
This manor remained part of the possessions of the above-mentioned monastery till the dissolution of it in the 30th year of Henry VIII. when it was surrendered into the king's hands, together with all the lands and revenues belonging to it. After which, the king, in his 36th year, granted the manor of Bicknor to Christopher Sampson, who in the 2d year of Edward VI. passed it away to Sir Thomas Wyatt, and he soon afterwards alienated it to Thomas Reader, of Bredgar, yeoman, who about the latter end of queen Elizabeth's reign conveyed it to William Terry, and he in the reign of James I. partly by sale, and partly on account of alliance, settled the property of it on William Aldersey, descended of an antient family of that name, settled at Aldersey, in Cheshire. His son, Thomas Aldersey, esq. of Bredgar, gave this manor by his will to his second son Farnham Aldersey, of Maidstone, and he died possessed of it in 1686. His son, of the same name, alienated it, about the year 1718, to Charles Finch, esq. of Chatham, whose daughter and heir Rebecca carried it in marriage to Mr. Thomas Cromp, of Newnham, in Gloucestershire, who was succeeded in it by his only son, the Rev. Pierrepont Cromp, of Frinsted, and he, in 1764, sold it to Abraham Chambers, esq. of Totteridge, in Hertfordshire, who resided here for some time. He died in 1782, and by his will gave this manor, among the rest of his estates, to his three sons, Samuel, Abraham-Henry, and William, who afterwards possessed them jointly, and upon a division made of them in 1795, this manor was allotted to the youngest, William Chambers, esq. the present possessor of it. There is no court held for this manor.
There are no parochial charities. The poor constantly relieved are about eight; casually three.
BICKNOR is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Sittingborne.
The church, which is dedicated to St. James the Apostle, consists of a nave and two side isles, and a chancel, which is half the length of the church. The nave is double the height of the two isles. There is a low pointed steeple at the south-west corner of it.
It is a very antient and curious building, and appears by the short and clumsy size, and bases of the pillars, the zig-zag ornaments of their capitals, and the semi-circular plain arches in every part of it, to have been built in the time of the Saxons; indeed, the whole of it has marks of a very early period.
This church was antiently esteemed as an appendage to the manor of Bicknor, and as such was given, with it, by Edward III. in his 50th year, to the abbey of St. Mary Graces, on Tower-hill, where it remained till the dissolution of that monastery in the 30th year of king Henry VIII. when it became part of the possessions of the crown, as has been already related, where the patronage of it has continued to the present time.
This rectory is a discharged living in the king's books, of the clear yearly certified value of thirty-two pounds. In 1640 it was valued at fifty pounds. Communicants thirty-two.
¶The rector's house, or hovel, as it may more properly be called, is very singular and remarkably placed, for it is nothing more than a shed, built against the north side of the church, with a room projecting nearly across the isle, and under the same roof; a miserable habitation, even for the poorest cottager to dwell in. (fn. 1)
South Uist War Memorial
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NF 74443 28625
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East side of A865 South East of Loch Bhornais Uarach
The inscriptions are quite weathered and some have been corrected which makes transcription difficult.
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THE GLORIOUS
MEMORY OF THE MEN
OF SOUTH UIST
WHO LAID DOWN THEIR LIVES
IN THE GREAT WAR 1914 - 1918
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IN THREE CONTINENTS AND IN THE DEEP THEY LIE
BUT IN OUR HEARTS THEIR DEEDS FOR EVER ARE ENSHRINED
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EOCHAR
SGT. ARCHIBALD BOWIE 1ST CAMERONS
CPL. DONALD MORRISON 6TH CAMERONS
L/CPL. JOHN MORRISON 5TH CAMERONS
L/CPL. ANGUS JOHN MACDONALD 5TH CAMERONS
PTE. JOHN MACDONALD 5TH CAMERONS
PTE. DUNCAN MACKAY 5TH CAMERONS
PTE. DONALD MACDONALD 5TH CAMERONS
PTE. MURDO MACKAY 5TH CAMERONS
PIPER ALEXANDER MACEACHEN 5TH CAMERONS
PTE. DONALD CURRIE 5TH CAMERONS
PTE. ANGUS MACINTYRE 5TH CAMERONS
PTE. ARCHIBALD MACDONALD 5TH CAMERONS
PTE. ALEXANDER MACDONALD 5TH CAMERONS
PTE. JOHN CAMPBELL 5TH CAMERONS
PTE. ANGUS MACKAY 5TH CAMERONS
PTE. JOHN WILSON 5TH CAMERONS
PTE. ANGUS BOWIE 5TH CAMERONS
PTE. RONALD MACINTYRE 5TH CAMERONS
PTE. ALEXANDER MACDONALD 5TH CAMERONS
PTE. DONALD MACKAY 5TH CAMERONS
PTE. JOHN MACPHEE 5TH CAMERONS
PTE. jOHN MACDONALD 2ND GORDON HIGHRS.
PTE. FINLAY MACKAY 6TH CAMERONS
PTE. JAMES JOHNSTONE 49TH CAM. HIGHRS. CANADA
PTE. ROBERT MACLEAN R.A.M.C.
PTE. NEIL BOYD 2ND BATT. A & S. HIGHRS.
PTE. ANGUS NICOLSON 1/6TH DKE. OF WELLINGTON REGT.
JOHN MACEACHEN R.N.
FREDERICK MATTHEWS R.N.V.R. "INDEFATIGABLE"
SGT. JOHN MACMILLAN R.M.L.I.
PTE. RONALD WILSON R.N.D.
GERINISH
PTE. NEIL MORRISON 1ST CAMERONS
PTE. JAMES MACDONALD 5TH CAMERONS
PTE. DONALD MACKINNON 5TH CAMERONS
ANTHONY MACINNES R.N.R.T.
LOCHSKIPPORT
PTE. CHARLES MACAULAY AUSTRALIAN INF.
PTE. ANGUS DOUGLAD SEAFORTHS
ALLAN MACEACHEN R.N.R.
PTE. PETER DOUGLAS R.S.F.
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ORMICLATE
SGT. PIPER JOHN SMITH H.L.I.
PTE. CHRISTPHR. MACINTYRE CAMERONS
PTE. DONALD A. MACKAY CAMERONS
PTE. JOHN BOWIE CAMERONS
PTE. RODERICK MACLEOD CAMERONS
FROBOST
ALEXANDER MACPHEE MER. MARINE
BORNISH
PTE. RODERICK MACDONALD SEAFHS.
A.B. JOHN MACDONALD R.N.
EAST KILBRIDE
ANGUS O'HENLY R.N.R. (T)
MURDOCH MACISAAC R.N.R. (T) (/)
ANGUS MACINTYRE R.N.R. (T) (?)
WEST KILBRIDE
PTE. PETER MORRISON CAMERONS
PTE. ANGUS MORRISON CAMERONS
PTE. ALEXANDER JOHNSTONE CAMERONS
SMERCLATE
DONALD J. MORRISON MER. MARINE
PTE. ARCHIBALD MACRAE CANADIAN SEAHS.
ARCHIBALD MACRAE R.N.R. (T)
PTE. RODERICK MACLEOD CAMERONS
PTE. ARCHIBALD MACRAE CAMERONS
PTE. ALLAN MACNEILL A.A.C.
SOUTH BOISDALE
PTE. DONALD MACPHEE CAMERONS
PETER MACINTYRE MER. MARINE
NORTH BOISDALE
PTE. MURDOCH MACDONALD H.L.I.
ANGUS O'HENLY MER. MARINE
PTE. MALCOLM O'HENLY CAMERONS
PTE. ROBERT MACINNES CAMERONS
PTE. DONALD STEELE SCOTS GUARDS
PTE. RONALD MACLENNAN SCOTS GUARD
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STONEYBRIDGE
L/CPL. JOHN LAING CAMERONS (LVT SCOUTS)
L/CPL. SAMUEL MARTIN CAMERONS
PTE. NEIL STEELE CAMERONS
PTE. ANGUS MACISAAC CAMERONS
PTE. DONALD MACINTYRE CAMERONS
PTE. ANGUS MACDONALD CAMERONS
PTE. ALEXANDER MACDONALD CAMERONS
PTE. JOHN MACISAAC CAMERONS
LIEUT. ANDREW LAING BORDER REGT. (CANADIANS)
PERINERINE
PTE. RODERICK MACDONALD CAMERONS
SNISHVALE
L/CPL. ANGUS LAMONT SEAFORTH HRS. (LVT SCOUTS)
L/CPL. JOHN LAMONT LONDON SCOTTISH
PTE. JOHN MACDONALD CAMERONS
A.B. ANGUS MACCUISH R.N.R.
HOWBEG
PTE. RONALD JOHN MACEACHEN CAMERONS
PTE. NEIL BOVIE CAMERONS
PTE. DONALD JOHN MACDONALD CAMERONS
TPR. ANGUS GRAHAM LOVAT SCOUTS
HOWMORE
PTE. ALEXANDER MACDONALD CAMERONS
PTE. PETER MACINTYRE CAMERONS
PTE. DUNCAN DOUGLAS CAMERONS
PTE. DUGALD DOUGLAS CAMERONS
PTE. JOHN MACINTYRE H.L.I.
STILLIGARRY
PTE. JOHN ALEXANDER MACRURY CAMERONS
PTE. DONALD GRANT CAMERONS
PTE. RODERICK NORMAN CHISHOLM CAMERONS
PTE. JOHN MACINTOSH CAMERONS
SGT. DONALD MACDONALD CAMERONS
LOCHEYNORT
DONALD JOHN MACFARLANE R.N.R.
DONALD JOHN MACINTYRE MERC. MARINE
KILPHEDER
PTE. JOHN MORRISON 6TH CAMERONS
PTE. ANGUS MACINTYRE 6TH CAMERONS
PTE. JOHN MORRISON 6TH CAMERONS
PTE. ALLAN MACKAY 1ST CAMERONS
DALIBURGH
PTE. DUNCAN BLAIR 1ST CAMERONS
PTE. DONALD STEELE 1ST CAMERONS
PTE. ANGUS JOHNSTONE 1ST CAMERONS
PTE. DONALD CAMPBELL 1ST CAMERONS
GARRYHILLIE
PTE. NORMAN MACDONALD 1ST CAMERONS
PTE. MALCOLM MACDONALD 1ST CAMERONS
PTE. RODERICK MACCUISH 4TH CAMERONS
PTE. ARCHIBALD MACPHEE 5TH CAMERONS
ERISKAY
PTE. ANGUS JOHNSTONE CAMERONS
PTE. JOHN MACRURY CAMERONS
PTE. (?)JOHN MACDOUGALL MER. MARINE
PTE. (?)EDWARD JOHNSTONE MER. MARINE (?)
PTE. (?)JOHN MACKINTOSH MER. MARINE (?)
PTE. (?) KENNETH GILLIES MER. MARINE (?)
LOCHBOISDALE
PTE. ANGUS MACDONALD A.A.C.
PTE. (?)NORMAN MACDONALD R.N.R.
PTE. JOHN MACCORMICK CAMERONS
PTE. (?) PETER MACCORMICK R.N.R.
PTE. SIMON CAMPBELL LONDON SCOTS
PTE. DONALD STEELE CAMERONS
PTE. (?) DONALD J. STEELE R.N.R.
PTE. ALLAN MACQUARRIER CAMERONS
PTE. (?) JOHN STEWART R.N.R.
L/CPL. RONALD MACPHEE SEAFORTHS
PTE. PETER MACLEOD CAMERONS
PTE. HUGH MACDONALD HUSSARS
PTE. JAMES WALKER CAMERONS
SOUTH LOCHBOISDALE
DONALD JOHN MACPHEE MER. MARINE
GARRYNAMONIE
ALLAN MACDONALD MER. MARINE
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1914 - 18
MILTON
DONALD MACNEIL MER. MARNE
PTE. NEIL MACKINNON CAMERONS
DALIBURGH
PIONEER KENNETH MACLEOD 1ST CAMERONS
GARRYHILLIE
LT. ANGUS MACDONALD NIGERIAN REGT.
EOCHAR
JAMES MACDONALD R.N.R.
EAST GERINISH
PTE. ANDREW MACINNES R.A.M.C.
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1939 - 1945
BORNISH
PTE. DONALD A. MACPHEE 4TH CAM.
LOCHEYNORT
PTE. JOHN E. MACINTYRE 4TH CAM.
HOWBEG
PTE. EWAN J. BOWIE N.Z.A.
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GERINISH
PTE. IAN CONNELY LOVAT SCOUTS
PTE. JOHN MACDONALD LOVAT SCOUTS
P/O NEIL MACSWEEN R.N.
EAST GERINISH
A.B. JOHN MACCEACHY M.N.
STILLIGARRY
PTE. JOHN MACDONALD 4TH CAM.
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1939 - 1945
ERISKAY
A,B, ANGUS MACINNES M.N.
A.B. DONALD J. MACINNES M.N.
A.B. DONALD MACISAAC M.N.
A.B. MALCOLM MACKELVIE M.N.
A.B. MALCOLM MACKINNON M.N.
EAST KILBRIDE
A.B. DONALD CAMPBELL M.N.
A.B. ALLAN MACINTYRE M.N.
A.B. ALEX MACMILLAN M.N.
CAPT. DONALD MACASKILL M.N.
GARRYNAMONIE
A.B. PATRICK MACDONALD M.N.
A.B. ANGUS MACKENZIE M.N.
A.B. RODERICK MACKENZIE M.N.
NORTH GLENDALE
A.B. DOUGALD CAMPBELL M.N.
SOUTH GLENDALE
A.B. DONALD MACINNES M.N.
WEST KILBRIDE
A.B. DONALD J. MACLEAN M.N.
SOUTH BOISDALE
A.B. DONALD J. MACINNES M.N.
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1939 - 1945
NORTH BOISDALE
SGT. JOHN MACKIGGAN 4TH CAN.
CPL. ANGUS M. PATERSON
KILPHEDAR
PIPER ANGUS MACKAY
SOUTH LOCHBOISDALE
A.B. DONALD J. MACDONALD M.N.
STROME
FLT/SGT. RONALD MACLEOD R.A.F.
NORTH BOISDALE
FLT/LT. JOHN SHEARER R.A.F.
A.B. JOHN MACLELLAN R.N.
A.B. ANGUS MACDONALD R.N.
MILTON
A.B. JOHN MACLEAN
DALIBURGH
L/CPL. JOHN A. MACLEOD 4TH CAM.
A.B. ROBERT MACLEAN M.N.
EWEN MACKENZIE C.A.
FROBOST
A.B. DONALD N. MACNEIL M.N.
ANGUS E. MACKIGGAN (?)M.N.
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1939 - 1945
ORMACLATE
PTE. ALEXANDER CAMPBELL 4TH.
STONEYBRIDGE
FLT/LT. ARCHY MACRURA R.A.F.
CPL. ALLAN MACDONALD 4TH CAM.
PTE. JOHN CAMPBELL D.L.I.
EOCHAR
L/CPL. NEIL JOHNSTONE PARA-REG.
PTE. DUNCAN MACLEAN 1ST CAM.
PTE. DONALD J. MACCORMICK R.S.F.
LOCH CARNAN
A.B. JOHN MACINNES M.N.
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PLAQUES ERECTED BY PARISHIONERS OF SOUTH UIST 1980.
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Alternative Names Gerinish War Memorial
Site Type WAR MEMORIAL (20TH CENTURY)
Canmore ID 339075
Site Number NF72NW 63
NGR NF 74443 28625
Council WESTERN ISLES
Parish SOUTH UIST
Former Region WESTERN ISLES ISLANDS AREA
Former District WESTERN ISLES
Former County INVERNESS-SHIRE
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This is a difficult note to write. We received a letter today from an attorney in California. In the letter the attorney accused us of trademark infringement because our business name (which is fully registered and licensed by the way) is too close to another cake business in California. The letter goes on to state that they are about to sue us for trademark infringement!! We have had this business name for 3 years, they for 4 years. The really ridiculous part is our name is Dragonfly Custom Cakes and of course we actually make cakes and their name is Dragonfly Cakes and well, they do not make cakes but rather make ONLY petit fours. We do not make petit fours.
I think what really bothers me is that if they would have just sent me an email about their w orries, I would have simply changed our name. I would NEVER want to infringe on ANYONE's business. I have worked SO hard to build my business as all of you have so I fully understand that if my business is hurting someone - that is horrible and I would want to stop it as fast as I possibly could. I still do not understand how I am hurting their business since I am in Georgia and they are in California and we do not even do the same things! Since we started our business we have had photos stolen, wording from our website stolen and other things. Never once did I threaten anyone with legal action. I always just send them an email and ask that they either remove the pictures/wording or credit them to us.
It amazes me how awful people can be and how frivilous our legal system is and finally how bloodsucking SOME people can be.
They have given us 60 days to completely change our name and all of our stock. We have, as you can imagine, an immense amount of items that are marked with our logo, name, etc. 60 days is NOTHING and it is ridiculous and heartbreaking.
I even have to change the watermarks on all of my old pictures.
Whatever happened to NICE and UNDERSTANDING people? Are we all money hungry people who have turned into some kind of monsters that have forgotten why we do confectionary arts in the first place??
I am going to change the name and I know that my customers will be loyal. With prayer we will get through it but it is difficult to not be angry.
weekly i bake a couple of loaves of cake/bread and take one in to the agency for which i volunteer so the clients and volunteers can have something to eat. the other i get to keep and eat and share with neighbours and friends, which explains the missing slices above. on the left is the donated bread, a standard banana loaf, though spiced with garam masala.
on the right is the experiment. the recipe is nearly the same as the other, but i replaced one of the bananas with a mashed peach and used only a little cinnamon and nutmeg since i browned the butter with a handful of cardamom pods (pods saved and put in the freezer to cook with rice later), adding a good heaping spoonful of ground cardamom (which is difficult to reduce finely, even with a spice grinder). the sugar is mostly vanilla sugar, and i've reduced it further to just over half a cup per loaf. the experiment turned out nicely, if a bit damp due to the peaches.
mémoire2cité - A partir des années 1950, Saint-Étienne se voit confrontée à une double difficulté : un parc immobilier particulièrement médiocre (20 % de taudis, 56 % de logements médiocres) et une forte croissance démographique accompagnée d'un afflux d'une main d'oeuvre issue d'Afrique du Nord. Ainsi, de nombreux grands ensembles sont construits dans les quartiers périphériques à partir des années 1950 (Beaulieu, Marandinière, La Métare, etc.). Saint-Étienne atteint alors son apogée démographique : 220 000 habitants en 1968. Le territoire s'agrandit en 1973 avec l'absorption des communes de Saint-Victor et Terrenoire et l'association avec Rochetaillée. Les Trente Glorieuses et la société de consommation bénéficient encore à Saint-Étienne, Manufrance en constitue le meilleur exemple. Les conflits coloniaux entretiennent la production d'armes.
A partir des années 1960, Saint-Étienne n'échappe pas à la crise : concentration des entreprises, concurrence du pétrole et du gaz au détriment du charbon, concurrence de l'Asie dans le textile. Le puits Couriot ferme en 1973, Creusot-Loire en 1985, et tout un symbole : Manufrance en 1980. Pourtant, les industries mécaniques subsistent.
La création d'une université, le développement de grandes écoles, l'installation d'une maison de la culture, de la Comédie de Saint-Étienne, dans les années 1960, effacent progressivement l'image traditionnelle de la cité-usine. La ville connaît alors une stabilité politique, plutôt au centre avec les maires de Fraissinette et Durafour.
A partir des années 1970, vient le temps de la désindustrialisation et des reconversions. La friche de Manufrance, plus grande d'Europe, est reconvertie dans les années 1990 et abrite le Centre des congrès, la Chambre de commerce et d'industrie, une partie de l'École des mines, etc. Un exemple emblématique : le musée de la Mine s'installe au Puits Couriot.
La ville, marquée par une tradition industrielle très forte, doit aujourd'hui vivre une mutation économique en profitant d'un environnement technologique favorable avec des leaders mondiaux (industrie de pointe dans l'optique, textile de haute technologie) et des établissements d'enseignement supérieur (École Telecom, École des Mines). La ville, héritière d'une tradition de savoir-faire et du second tissu de PME/PMI de France, compte également sur le design. Elle est ainsi devenue "Ville creative design Unesco", seule ville française.
Mémoire2cité - La Palle, c'est Beaulieu IV, à cette époque là, l'on passe de 114 logements construits en 1948 à 531 en 1951, 1 085 en 1954, 1 694 en 1957 et même 2 932 en 1959 ! L'effort est gigantesque. Le quartier de la Palle réalisé de mai 1967 à mars 1970, comprenait 1049 lgts du studio au T6, répartis sur 12 barres, dont 3 pour la rue Colette, le groupe de la Palle sera le seul groupe de logements sociaux que comprendra la Métare en 1967, le reste ne sera que des copropriétées nommée BEAULIEU V, qui elles, seront construite en "Accession a la Propriété"(il s'averrera plus tard un échec, bref..) de 1962 à 1973, en 3 opérations succesives de 725 lgts, de 549 & 518 lgts, çe sur le versant dominant le parc de l'Europe (voir mes photos d'Ito Josué qui à photographié les constructions de nos quartiers Stéphanois lors des 30 glorieuses, tirées de ses livres, qui me passionne & me font voyagé dans le temps..) -
- l'Opération de Construction - BEAULIEU IV - un concept de nos G.E. spéçifique à nos 30 Glorieuses de rendre Jolie çe qui jadis, ne l'etait pas, voir plu, fautes aux guerres ... "les chantiers de l'O.P.A.C." de 1962 à 1972* (à savoir 1962 à 1966 pour le groupe de Colette, apres 1966 le reste ne sera que de la copropriété*, mais relevant toujours de la même équipe d'architectes, une dixaine tout de même Farat/Gouyon/Bertholon & d'autres, Edouard Hur lui à été tres important sur la 1ere tranche de Beaulieu, soit beaulieu1 sur la CAF et les 2 tours en copropriété une de 17 etage & l'autre de 15, du 7 et 11 rue de la Métare 42100 ,une construction de 1971 à 1974 ),içi la derniere tranche des constructions, la suite & la fin ! - Voiçi la Métare I, II, et III., retour sur son histoire .... La ville de St-Etienne Métropole & l'ETAT à choisit de construire un immense quartier neuf de plus de 4.600 logements, prévu pour loger 30.000 habitants, sur les basses pentes du Pilat, à la sortie sud-est de Saint-Etienne...
Entre les forêts, qui seront classées parc naturel quelques années plus tard, et les quartiers chics du cours Fauriel, c'est un des endroits les mieux situés de la ville. C'est aussi le seul grand emplacement proche du centre où il n'y aie pas eu de mines, parce que les couches de charbon s'arrêtent juste avant : le terrain est assez solide pour supporter de grandes barres d'habitations. Le collectif étant de mode , nous continuons...
A cette époque la France va connaître une rupture architecturale phénoménale avec l'apparition des premiers grands ensembles de Beaulieu la Marandiniere Montchovet, la Métare; Montreynaud, la Cotonne , Tarentaize, Bel-Air, la Dame Blanche, Econor, Montplaisir, Terrenoire les hauts et le bas, la Pérrotiere Maugara, et jusquà Firminy pour nos grands-ensembles... La Métare, c'était les Bois du Four , avec son furan... un ensemble de choses et d'histoire qui font et fonde çe lieu qui n'était que campagne y à 62 ans...Rochetaillé et son chateau de 2000 ans, son gouffre d'enfer, arf, dominait largement cet endroit ^^ Saint-Etienne sera l'une des villes Symboles de cette rupture des 1954... On à aussi la Cité Castor à seulement 200 metres de là , la premiere de toutes nos cités CASTOR de Françe.... Vous savez.. ses fameux Pavillons de pierre, d'apres guerre..qu'on a tant réclamé ... des pavillons de type annees 60, plus qu'un succes avec la loi Loucher par içi , & partout ailleurs..Je dirais pas que nous sommes dans l'excellençe mais honnétémment nous sommes bien noté..@ l'Architecture du Forez de l'Ondaine et du Gier.^^ En effet le Forez, la Loire le département ,et bien c'est tout une histoire de l'Architecture de l'industrialisation de nombreux secteurs d'activitées , de compétençes , d'Architectes et pas n'importes lesquels....A bon entendeur ... -
Le 11 AVRIL 1964, le développement de la ville de Saint Etienne, et ses travaux ..La ville de Saint Etienne se développe tout comme l'ensemble du territoire... Pour accompagner cet accroissement de population, de nouveaux quartiers se construisent aux abords de la ville chaque jours. Et pour faire face aux problèmes de circulation, un boulevard périphérique a été aménagé. Réalisé à l'occasion de la construction de la déviation sud de l'autoroute de Saint Etienne, ce reportage témoigne de la visite du sénateur maire de la ville, Mr. Michel DURAFOUR, sur le chantier du tunnel de la déviation. Accueilli par Mr. Rocher, président de la société forêzienne de travaux publics, Michel DURAFOUR découvre avec les membres du conseil municipal l'avancée des travaux. (voir aussi le chantier de l A 47 avec la video du tunnel du rond-point içi : www.ina.fr/video/LXC9610041788 .
Un modèle de l'urbanisme des années 1950.
Beaulieu-Montchovet:
Içi le chantier de construction de MONTCHOVET soit Beaulieu 3, la continuitée des constructions HLM de nos quartiers sud-est (les chantiers de l'OPAC) , la vidéo içi :
www.ina.fr/video/LXF99004401 .
Retour sur son historique de 1962 à aujourd'hui e n 2018.
Un grand-Ensemble qui rappelle combien la politique d'urbanisme des années 1960 et suivantes a été conduite en dépit du bon sens la video içi www.google.fr/search?q=montchovet+ina&oq=montchovet+i... et là www.ina.fr/video/CAC00029801 , mais aussi içi www.ina.fr/video/CAC00029801 - avec Claude BARTOLONE içi avec la Visite à Saint Etienne du ministre délégué à la ville le jour de la démolition de la muraille de Chine. Rencontre avec des associations pr discuter du futur du quartier Montchovet. www.ina.fr/video/LY00001263573 - fresques.ina.fr/rhone-alpes/fiche-media/Rhonal00046/demol... - et les differentes videos de la demolition la encore : La démolition de la "muraille de Chine" de Saint Etienne www.youtube.com/watch?v=aq1uOc6Gtd0, www.youtube.com/watch?v=YB3z_Z6DTdc terrible :( ^^ l interview de Michel Thiolliere Le Grisou.fr a interviewé Michel Thiollière, ancien maire de Saint-Etienne et sénateur de la Loire, membre du Parti radical et actuel vice-président de la Commission de régulation de l'énergie. Il livre son analyse sur les prochaines échéances politiques, notamment la campagne des municipales en cours à Saint-Etienne, les alliances de la droite et du centre, mais aussi le mandat de Maurice Vincent. Michel Thiollière s'attarde également sur les besoins de l'agglomération stéphanoise et évoque les enjeux énergétiques en France.
(Interview : Maxime Petit -- Réalisation : Studios Bouquet) www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJAylpe8G48,
"François Mitterrand, après la visite de deux quartiers -
l'un à Saint Etienne et l'autre à Vénissieux, inscrits sur la liste de ceux à réhabiliter -, parle du plan de réhabilitation pour de meilleures conditions de logement.
Type de média : Vidéo - Journal télévisé
Date de diffusion : 10 août 1983
Source : FR3 (Collection: JT FR3 Rhône Alpes )
Personnalité(s) :
François Mitterrand / Georgina Dufoix / Gilbert Trigano / François Dubanchet / Marcel Houël
Thèmes :
Le Président > Grands travaux et grands projets
Le Président > 1er septennat 1981-1988 > 1981-1986
Politique intérieure > Société
Voyages > Voyages en France
Éclairage
Depuis la fin des années 1970, la région lyonnaise apparaît comme l'épicentre des violences urbaines qui se déroulent en France. Durant l'été 1981, des violences urbaines ont conduit le gouvernement à engager le plus tôt possible une nouvelle politique en faveur des quartiers dégradés. Malgré les premières opérations de réhabilitation engagées par la Commission nationale pour le développement social des quartiers, la situation demeure extrêmement tendue dans un certain nombres de quartiers populaires. L'assassinat d'un jeune de la Cité des 4 000 par un habitant en juillet 1983 a ravivé les débats autour du thème du "mal des grands ensembles" selon l'expression de l'époque. D'autre part, le contexte politique conduit également le pouvoir à s'intéresser encore davantage à la question de la dégradation urbaine dans la mesure où de très nombreux quartiers populaires n'ont pas cette fois-ci apporté leurs suffrages aux candidats de la gauche.
La visite de François Mitterrand dans deux quartiers dégradés de la région lyonnaise constitue donc un signal fort à l'égard des populations qui y vivent. Ce déplacement fait également écho à celui réalisé quelques jours plus tôt au sein de la Cité des 4 000 à La Courneuve en Seine Saint Denis (voir Visite de François Mitterrand à La Courneuve). Le principe est d'ailleurs le même et il est exprimé par le président de la République : voir par lui-même l'état réel de ses quartiers. Le fait qu'il soit mentionné dans le reportage que "ces visites surprises" se soient faites dans la "plus grande discrétion" (notamment sans les élus locaux concernés) marque effectivement la volonté du président de la République d'établir une sorte de lien direct avec les habitants qui vivent dans ces quartiers. Il ne s'agit pas de faire l'annonce de nouvelles mesures mais "de voir les choses par moi-même" selon l'expression utilisée par François Mitterrand lors de son allocution à la Préfecture à Lyon. Au moment où la Commission nationale pour le développement social des quartiers établit la liste définitive des 22 quartiers qui bénéficieront d'un programme de réhabilitation, la visite du président de la République sur le terrain suggère une forme de "présidentialisation" du thème de la réhabilitation des grands ensembles.
La création au même moment de Banlieue 89 suscitée par deux architectes proches de François Mitterrand, Roland Castro et Michel Cantal-Duparc, suggère également l'intérêt du président de la République pour les questions urbaines (voir Inauguration de l'exposition organisée par Banlieue 89)."http://fresques.ina.fr/mitterrand/fiche-media/Mitter00106/visite-de-francois-mitterrand-a-saint-etienne-et-aux-minguettes.html Journaliste
Visites surprises qui se sont déroulées dans la plus grande discrétion, seule Madame Georgina Dufoix, Secrétaire d’Etat à la Famille et aux Immigrés, Monsieur Gilbert Trigano, le PDG du Club Méditerranée qui participe à la Commission Dubedout, et deux collaborateurs du Chef de l’État étaient présents. Ni à Saint-Étienne, ni à Vénissieux, les autorités locales n’y ont participés. Peu avant midi, le Président est arrivé à la Préfecture du Rhône à Lyon où s’est déroulée pendant 45 minutes une séance de travail avec les élus locaux et notamment Messieurs Dubanchet, Maire de Saint-Étienne et Houël, Maire de Vénissieux. Réunion qui a donné l’occasion d’aborder les problèmes de fond, devait souligner François Mitterrand.
(Bruit)
François Mitterrand
Les deux quartiers que je viens de visiter, celui de Montchovet à Saint-Étienne et celui de Monmousseau à l’intérieur des Minguettes sur la commune de Vénissieux, sont inscrits sur la liste des 22 quartiers à réhabiliter, retenus, proposés par la Commission Dubedout devenue la Commission Pesce, et retenus par le Gouvernement. Et je compte appliquer nos efforts pour qu’effectivement, ces quartiers soient réhabilités, c’est-à-dire, soient habitables. Qu’on y trouve, pour ceux qui y vivent, euh, suffisamment de convivialité, de capacité de développer une famille et, euh, revenant de son travail quand on en a, de pouvoir vivre avec les autres. Les conditions de logement, la construction de ces ensembles, les liaisons avec l’extérieur, l’école, le sport, les espaces verts, bref, l’espace tout court, contribuent, vous le comprenez bien à, au futur équilibre, ou contribueront au futur équilibre de ces quartiers. Alors, je préfère voir les choses par moi-même. Il faut bien se dire que à l’origine de nombreux désordres sociaux se trouvent ces fâcheuses, ces déplorables conditions de vie. Et moi, je veux lutter contre ces désordres et pour cela, il faut que je m’attaque avec le Gouvernement et ceux qui ont la charge auprès de moi, je veux absolument m’attaquer aux sources d’un malaise et d’un déséquilibre social qui sont d’une immense ampleur. Raison de plus pour commencer par un bout avec énergie et continuité. Et de ce point de vue, je compte bien, au cours des semaines et des mois à venir, persévérer dans cette enquête personnelle qui me permet ensuite de donner des instructions précises à ceux qui participent à la gestion de l’État.
(Silence), à Saint-Étienne comme dans les communes de sa proche banlieue. Une sorte de grand monument à la gloire des HLM, comme si on avait fait exprès de la faire aussi énorme pour montrer comme les gens étaient fiers de ce quartier. Autour on construit tout ce qu'il faut pour les habitants : une école, Montchovet, qui donne sur le grand pré derrière, une MJC, une piscine, un centre commercial, avec la Poste, plus tard le bureau de police. En 1978, comme les enfants des habitants grandissent, on ouvre un deuxième collège dans la ZUP. Il prendra le nom de Jean Dasté, qui a créé la Comédie de Saint-Etienne, le plus grand théatre de province en France, et son école de comédiens. Après 1984 les loyers des HLM ont augmenté, beaucoup d'habitants sont partis. La population de Saint-Etienne diminue surtout dans les quartiers sud : beaucoup de gens déménagent vers la plaine du Forez, moins froide, où il y a la place de batir des maisons. On a rénové beaucoup d'appartements anciens en ville : la crise du logement est finie. On ne sait même plus qu'elle a existé. Les ZUP ont vieilli et la plupart des gens préfèrent se loger dans des appartements récents. Alors on ferme : le collège de Beaulieu, l'école de la Marandinière, la Poste. La Muraille coute très cher à entretenir : il n'y a plus asssez d'habitants pour payer les frais. Les HLM ont décidé de la détruire: c'est le plus gros projet de démolition jamais réalisé en Europe. Les familles qui restaient ont du déménager. On va faire exploser la Muraille de Chine au printemps de l'an 2000. Peut être qu'il fallait le faire, mais pour les gens du quartier c'est un gros morceau de notre Histoire qu'on nous détruit.
1954: les premiers travaux à Beaulieu : la campagne devient une ville à grands coups de bulldozer..
Le projet est de construire en grande quantité des logements de bonne qualité, avec tout le confort, des chambres pour les enfants, l'eau, le chauffage central, des sanitaires, des arbres et des pelouses, et surtout .... des loyers accessibles pour tous. Ce seront les Habitations à Loyers Modérés, les HLM.
Il faudra les construires en dehors des villes, pour en finir avec le mélange des industries et des logements, qui amène le bruit et la pollution. Y prévoir tous les équipements : commerces, écoles, collèges, lycées, transports, parcs, équipements sportifs, police, pompiers, Postes. Construire des villes entières où tout le monde aura accès à ce qui n'était encore que le luxe de quelques gens très riches.
Cinq villes sont choisies pour être prioritaires : Paris ( Pantin ) et Lyon ( Bron-Parilly) à cause de leur taille, Angers et Rouen détruites dans les bombardements de 1944, Saint-Etienne, la ville la plus sinistrée de France pour le logement. C'est là que naissent les cinq premières Zone à Urbaniser en Priorité, les ZUP, modèles de l'urbanisme pour toute une génération. Elles ne s'appellent pas encore comme ça : on les construites avant que l'expression de ZUP existe, c'est de leur réussite que naitra le modèle repris partout pour lequel on inventera le mot plus tard.
Beaulieu I: le projet d'urbanisme
Maquette de 1953 - Projet des architectes Gouyon-Clément
Une architecture géométrique, de grands espaces, des arbres, des formes qui soulignent le relief.
La ZUP de Beaulieu est construite en quatre tranches:
- Beaulieu I ( Beaulieu ) de 1953 à 1955
- Beaulieu II ( La Marandinière ) en 1959
- Beaulieu III ( Montchovet ) en 1964, dont fait partie la Muraille de Chine, le grand immeuble le long du boulevard à gauche.
- Beaulieu IV ( La Palle ) en 1971
Le quartier:
Au premier plan, en bas à droite Beaulieu, la Marandinière est à droite derrière l'autoroute, Montplaisir à gauche, Monchovet au milieu, le long du boulevard de la Palle.
A gauche des tennis, les batiments du collège de Beaulieu. C'était l'autre collège de la ZEP, le seul collège "sensible" de France a avoir été fermé, en 1995.
Nouvelles techniques, nouveaux matériaux :
Construire vite pour un prix raisonnable oblige à inventer de nouvelles techniques, d'autant que l'on manque de travailleurs qualifiés.
La construction s'industrialise: immeubles à structure porteuse ( des poteaux en béton armé tiennent les dalles, ce ne sont plus les murs qui soutiennent les immeubles ), murs rideaux ( les murs sont fait de morceaux préfabriqués accrochés aux dalles ), éléments standardisés ( les éléments: murs, tuyauterie, portes et fenêtres, sanitaires, etc... sont tous identiques, fabriqués en usine en grande série, installés de la même façon dans tous les immeubles ), nouveaux matériaux ( matières plastiques, béton armé, acier ) qui ne s'utilisaient pas dans la construction traditionnelle.
Cela permet de diminuer les prix, en automatisant les fabrications, mais aussi parce qu'on peut utiliser des ouvriers beaucoup moins qualifiés, qui ne font que du montage et que l'on paye moins cher.
Bien après les gens se plaindront de ces appartements tous identiques, de ces matériaux peu agréables, de la taille inhumaine des batiments.
Mais à l'époque il faut compter deux à trois ans d'attente pour obtenir un appartement dans le quartier. Les familles sont si contentes de leur quartier tout neuf que les collègiens qui prennent le bus emportent une paire de bottes en plus de leur chaussures pour aller des immeubles à l'arrêt de bus : pas question de ramener de la boue dans les bus ou dans les escaliers.
La crise du logement:
1950 : la France connait la pire crise du logement de son Histoire. La crise économique de 1929 puis la guerre de 1939-1945 ont arrêté la construction de logements, déja insuffisante avant 1930, pendant plus de vingt ans.
La France est au maximum du "baby-boom" ( période de très forte natalité qui commence à la fin de la guerre ) : les 40 millions de français de 1950 font deux fois plus de bébés que les 60 millions d'aujourd'hui. La très forte croissance économique relance l'immigration. Plus de la moitié des familles sont mal logées alors que la France commence la plus forte croissance démographique de son Histoire.
La IV° République, héritière du programme de la Résistance donne la priorité aux besoins sociaux : école, santé, logement, sur la rentabilité financière. L'Etat, les villes, sont décidés à investir dans le logement, qui est déclaré prioritaire dans le Plan d'organisation de l'économie.
Entre les années 50 et 60, et suite à la seconde guerre mondiale, la municipalité stéphanoise a vu sa population passée d’un peu moins de 180 000 habitants en 1950 à plus de 200 000 habitants dix ans plus tard en 1960. Cette forte augmentation de la population pouvait s’expliquer par le fort taux de natalité de cette époque (baby-boom), mais aussi par l’afflux de travailleurs de la classe ouvrière venus dans la grande cité stéphanoise pour trouver un travail. De ce fait, la construction d’un logement sain pour chaque ouvrier était devenue une priorité absolue pour les élus qui considéraient à raison que cela était une condition vitale dans le cadre de ce grand développement. Pour ce faire, la ville a lancé dans les années 50 une vaste opération de construction de barres d’habitation dans la zone de Beaulieu, destinée à fournir un logement à une population grandissante.
Une barre d’habitation innovante
A l’époque, avec une majorité d’architectes, les appartements modernes construits possédaient des cloisons lourdes empêchant toute modification interne ainsi que des espaces de renvoi sombres et non ventilés ressemblant à des alcôves.
Mais à l’inverse, pour certains architectes précurseurs de la région à l’image d’Yves et Henri Gouyon, la modernité reflétait le gout de la clarté, de l’air, et du soleil, avec de larges horizons. Ainsi, ces derniers donnaient la priorité non pas aux façades qu’ils considéraient comme de simples élévations du plan, mais aux cellules d’habitations et à leur orientation. Dans cette optique, le bâtiment proposé par Henri Gouyon, qui était donc un partisan de l’espace ouvert moderne, supprimait les circulations et profitait de ce gain de place pour aménager de nouveaux espaces de vie communes. De plus, dans ces cellules d’habitations, les architectes ont tirés profit au maximum de la double orientation des appartements (ces derniers étaient traversant) avec par exemple l’accolement de balcons.
Conception et réalisation d’un quartier entier
Pour le projet de Beaulieu, l’on confia la conception ainsi que la réalisation des interventions aux agences Henri et Yves Gouyon puis Yves Gouyon et associés. Ainsi, dés le milieu des années 50, des études concernant Beaulieu II – La Marandinière furent conduites, suivis de la construction du bâtiment entre 1957 et 1959. S’en suivit Beaulieu III – Montchovet entre 1962 et 1964, surnommé la « Muraille de Chine », qui comprenait entre autres, une barre de type HLM haute de 10 à 17 mètres et longue de 270 mètres, avec 560 logements. Suites à ces constructions, l’urbanisation des vallées et collines du sud-est de Saint-Etienne continua jusque dans les années 70 avec les séries de la Métare I, II, et III. Au total, ce sont plus de 8 000 logements, pour l’essentiel de type HLM, qui ont été construits durant cette période.
Ces constructions ont également contribué à la création du parc de l’Europe et d’un boulevard circulaire qui servait de jonction entre les différents édifices et le centre-ville de la cité stéphanoise.
Un projet pharaonique
Le centre commercial fut un projet d’une dimension sans précédent pour la ville, plus grand centre commercial intra-urbain de la région Loire-Auvergne, avec 100 magasins, 1500 places de stationnement, 90 000 m² de surface, et sur 3 niveaux (4 niveaux avec la terrasse). Le 2 octobre 1979, CENTRE DEUX ouvre ses portes pour la première fois, et constitue une renaissance et un véritable tournant pour la ville.
L’avis de l’architecte
De toutes les constructions de cette époque, Beaulieu est un des ensembles construits qui se porte le mieux si l’on en croit les nombreuses enquêtes menées auprès de la population de ces logements, dont certains l’occupe pratiquement depuis le début. Les arbres atteignent désormais le haut des immeubles, et la rue Le Corbusier adjacente a pris les allures « d’une banlieue des années 30 » avec un niveau d’urbanisme parfaitement acceptable. En conclusion, on peut parler pour cette construction d’un véritable savoir faire architectural et en quelques sortes d’art urbain. Ce projet a été récompensé par un prix d’urbanisme, mettant en valeur le travail en amont du projet. St-Etienne Cimaise Architectes -
mémoire2cité - Entretien avec François Tomas, géographe, spécialiste de l'aménagement urbain, et enseignant à l'université et à l'école d'architecture de Saint-Etienne. Il est notamment l'auteur des Grands Ensembles, une histoire qui continue (Publications de l'université de Saint-Etienne, 2003). Cet intellectuel a également mis la main à la pâte. Entre 1977 et 1983, il fut adjoint à l'urbanisme du maire communiste de l'époque, Joseph Sanguedolce. Engagé au PC de 1974 à 1985, il a, depuis, rejoint le Parti socialiste «comme militant de base»
Quelle est l'ampleur des destructions provoquées par la Seconde Guerre mondiale à Saint-Etienne?
La ville subit un important bombardement des Alliés le 26 mai 1944. Celui-ci vise les usines qu'utilisaient les Allemands dans la région pour leur effort de guerre et les noeuds de communication ferroviaire. Comme prévu, la gare de Châteaucreux, les usines de Marais et le tunnel de Tardy sont touchés. Mais les bombes, larguées trop rapidement, atteignent aussi les quartiers du Soleil et de Tardy - notamment les écoles - ainsi que l'église Saint-François, emplie de fidèles. Au total, le bilan est lourd: un millier de morts, 1 500 blessés, 22 000 sinistrés; 800 immeubles ont été plus ou moins détruits.
Que prévoit-on pour la reconstruction?
Pas grand-chose. A la différence de la refonte spectaculaire du Havre, par exemple, on se contente ici de bâtir de petits immeubles, plus modernes bien sûr, mais sans réelle innovation architecturale ou urbanistique.
Est-il vrai que Saint-Etienne, après guerre, traîne une réputation de «capitale des taudis»?
C'est exact, et celle-ci n'est pas usurpée. En 1946, 7% seulement des logements sont jugés «confortables», et 17%, «acceptables»; 56% sont médiocres, et 20% peuvent véritablement être qualifiés de taudis: 1 logement sur 5 n'a pas d'eau à l'évier, les deux tiers ne disposent pas de WC, et 95%, de salle d'eau. Mais le problème n'a pas été créé par la guerre. Depuis la fin du XIXe siècle, Saint-Etienne a beaucoup grandi, mais très peu construit. Résultat: la ville a vieilli sur elle-même et se trouve après guerre dans une situation désastreuse, que les bombardements ont simplement aggravée.
C'est alors qu'Alexandre de Fraissinette, maire élu en 1947, fixe le logement comme l'une de ses priorités.
Oui. Et ce ne sera pas un vain mot. Rendez-vous compte: on passe de 114 logements construits en 1948 à 531 en 1951, 1 085 en 1954, 1 694 en 1957 et même 2 932 en 1959! L'effort est gigantesque. Mais le changement est aussi qualitatif. A la fin des années 1940 et au début des années 1950, la France va connaître une rupture architecturale avec l'apparition des premiers grands ensembles. Saint-Etienne sera l'une des villes symboles de cette rupture.
Comment cette nouvelle architecture est-elle accueillie?
Très favorablement par les classes moyennes, beaucoup moins par les classes populaires.
Cela paraît paradoxal, pour du logement social!
Le paradoxe n'est qu'apparent. On l'a oublié aujourd'hui, mais les premiers grands ensembles sont réservés aux familles de moins de trois enfants ayant des revenus corrects, autrement dit aux classes moyennes. Alors que, depuis la guerre, celles-ci devaient se contenter d'une ou de deux pièces mal équipées, elles se voient soudain proposer des logements spacieux, avec de la verdure, de la lumière, une salle d'eau, des WC, le chauffage central. Cela leur paraît merveilleux! Les pauvres, eux, continuent de s'entasser dans de petits appartements sans confort, quand ce ne sont pas des taudis, en particulier à Tarentaize et à Beaubrun, ou des bidonvilles, du côté de Méons, près des puits de mine et des usines sidérurgiques. Ce n'est que plus tard, à partir des années 1970, que les grands ensembles seront prioritairement réservés aux pauvres et aux familles immigrées. Mais, dans les années 1950, les grands ensembles sont encore synonymes de progrès social. Et même au-delà. On est persuadé que ce nouvel habitat va entraîner le recul de la maladie, de la délinquance, voire de la mésentente entre les époux! Il existe ainsi une «commission du bonheur ou des grands ensembles»!
On croit rêver...
C'était l'ambiance de l'époque, avec ses utopies et ses excès. Pour les architectes, si l'un des repoussoirs est le taudis de centre-ville, l'autre est le petit pavillon de banlieue, symbole à leurs yeux de l'individualisme petit-bourgeois, avec ses gaspillages de terrain, son absence d'horizon et son coût pour la communauté...
Quels sont les quartiers typiques de cette période, à Saint-Etienne?
Le premier est constitué par le très bel ensemble de la place du Maréchal-Foch. Il s'agit d'une étape intermédiaire entre l'îlot traditionnel (des immeubles accolés, formant un pâté de maisons) et sa suppression totale. Du côté de la Grand-Rue, plusieurs immeubles constituent encore des semi-îlots. Mais, à l'ouest, deux immeubles sont déjà totalement indépendants: ils sont construits au milieu de la verdure. Et cela, c'est très nouveau. Jusqu'à présent, tous les immeubles érigés à Saint-Etienne, y compris les plus hauts, étaient accolés à d'autres édifices. Cela reste encore, cinquante ans plus tard, l'un des quartiers chics de Saint-Etienne.
L'autre grande opération de l'époque, c'est Beaulieu I.
Evidemment. On est, cette fois, face à un grand ensemble «pur». Le chantier commence en 1953 - il y a juste cinquante ans - et s'achève en 1955. Ce nouveau quartier de 1 264 logements est remarquablement conçu. Non seulement il respecte la topographie des lieux, mais aussi il joue avec elle: les bâtiments sont implantés soit parallèlement, soit perpendiculairement aux courbes de niveau, ce qui met en valeur la colline tout en préservant son sommet. Pour rompre l'anonymat, les entrées, les façades et les balcons sont individualisés. Les logements sont de qualité, et les espaces verts, confiés aux services de la ville, tout simplement magnifiques. Beaulieu produit d'ailleurs un effet prodigieux sur ses premiers habitants.
Son implantation n'est pas non plus le fait du hasard...
En effet. Compte tenu des préoccupations hygiénistes de l'époque, le conseil municipal a choisi ce site «loin des zones minières et industrielles, à l'abri des poussières et des fumées, au climat salubre». Il souligne qu'il ne sera «jamais exploité par les houillères, car son sous-sol est stérile» et qu'il est également «bien relié à Saint-Etienne par le cours Fauriel, la seule avenue large de la ville». C'est véritablement le contre-modèle du taudis. Il a d'ailleurs, lui également, remarquablement bien vieilli.
Etes-vous aussi enthousiaste pour les projets qui ont suivi Beaulieu I?
Hélas!... Beaulieu II-La Marandinière (1957-1959), Beaulieu III-Montchovet (1962-1964), avec la fameuse «muraille de Chine», Beaulieu IV-la Palle (1967-1970) et la Métare (1962-1974), représentant à eux tous quelque 6 000 logements, constituent - à l'exception de la Métare, qui ne comprend que des appartements en copropriété - des échecs complets. Et tragiques.
Pourquoi cette différence?
Beaulieu I a bénéficié d'une accumulation de partis pris judicieux qui n'ont pas été appliqués par la suite. Outre la qualité de son architecture et de ses espaces verts, on a évité le zonage bête et méchant, qui allait s'imposer plus tard: les zones commerciales, d'un côté; les tours et les barres d'habitation, d'un deuxième; les emplois, d'un troisième. Enfin, Beaulieu I, réservé presque exclusivement aux classes moyennes, n'a pas connu le processus de dégradation que l'on constatera ailleurs, et dont la destruction de la «muraille de Chine» constituera le symbole.
Qui ont été les grands aménageurs de cette époque?
Parmi les politiques: le maire, Alexandre de Fraissinette (modéré), et son premier adjoint, qui lui succédera à sa mort, le radical Michel Durafour. Parmi les architectes: Edouard Hur et Henri Gouyon, concepteurs de Beaulieu I. Et, bien sûr, l'Etat, qui reste très présent. C'est lui qui, de manière générale, garde la haute main sur l'urbanisme. Beaulieu constitue une opération nationale, décidée de Paris. Cependant, ce qui est remarquable, c'est que, pour Beaulieu I, l'Etat va accepter de composer.
Dans quels domaines?
Le ministère de la Reconstruction souhaitait, ici comme ailleurs, que l'opération fût entièrement industrialisée. Autrement dit, que l'on adaptât au bâtiment les méthodes de l'automobile. Les constructions devaient se faire en préfabriqué, et l'on devait se contenter de les monter sur place. Mais, à Saint-Etienne, les architectes, soutenus par le maire, s'opposent à cette directive. Parce qu'ils sont expérimentés, et reconnus, ils vont obtenir gain de cause. Et heureusement.
Y a-t-il eu des projets, conçus à cette époque, qui n'ont pas vu le jour? A la fin des années 1950, l'Etat fait appel à de grands architectes pour remodeler les villes. A Saint-Etienne, c'est Dufau, distingué par le prix de Rome, qui est choisi. Il présente un projet radical: raser les 70 îlots qui se trouvent à l'est de la Grand-Rue, entre la place du Peuple et Bellevue, et les remplacer par autant de tours et de barres! Son projet, finalement, ne sera appliqué qu'en partie. Au sud, jusqu'à Bellevue, presque tout est démoli, beaucoup de tours et de barres sont construites. Au nord, les démolitions sont également presque systématiques, mais, cette fois, les nouveaux immeubles reproduisent la forme traditionnelle de l'îlot. On détruit également une partie du quartier derrière la grande poste, ainsi que l'ancienne caserne de Tréfilerie et la prison de Bizillon.
Le futur Centre-Deux...
C'est cela. Au départ, l'opération se nomme «prison-Tréfilerie», mais les promoteurs, qui ont le sens du commerce, préfèrent la rebaptiser. Ce quartier est conçu comme un centre d'affaires à l'américaine, type la Défense, à Paris, ou la Part-Dieu, à Lyon. On explique aux élus que, s'ils veulent que Saint-Etienne devienne une grande ville, ils doivent la doter d'un centre d'affaires, avec des immeubles atteignant 100 ou 150 mètres de hauteur, comme aux Etats-Unis! Le projet est lancé (en 1969), mais il sera peu à peu amendé, pour tenir compte de la réalité économique, de la montée des oppositions et de l'évolution des mentalités.
Comment l'économie stéphanoise se porte-t-elle alors?
La ville croit encore à l'avenir de la mine et des industries traditionnelles. Cela se comprend: le plan Monnet pour la relance de l'économie française s'appuie sur l'énergie, les transports, les industries lourdes... Bref, tous les points forts de Saint-Etienne, mais ce sera un cadeau empoisonné, car, bercée par cette illusion, la cité s'endort. Quand elle se décidera à moderniser ses structures industrielles, ce sera toujours avec quelques années de retard. Au fond, c'est dans les années 1950 que l'on commet les erreurs qui conduiront, plus tard, au démantèlement des industries locales.
Le secteur tertiaire a-t-il déjà commencé son essor?
Pas encore. Dans les années 1950, Saint-Etienne reste une ville très fortement industrielle. La tertiarisation, avec l'enseignement supérieur, la transformation de l'hôpital en centre hospitalier régional et universitaire et l'essor de Casino, avec les supermarchés et les hypermarchés, ne commencera véritablement que dans les années 1960.
Culturellement, la ville est aussi très active...
Elle est même, à ce moment-là, l'un des hauts lieux de la création culturelle en France, notamment dans les domaines théâtral et artistique. Maurice Allemand fait du musée de Saint-Etienne l'un des plus grands musées d'art moderne en France. Et Jean Dasté propose au public le théâtre moderne. Ce bouillonnement est dû, notamment, à Alexandre de Fraissinette. Comme, après lui, Michel Durafour, il est persuadé que l'avenir de la cité est dans la modernité. Il considère donc qu'elle doit être déclinée dans tous ses aspects: économique, urbanistique et culturel.
La population comprend-elle cette volonté?
Oui et non. Dans les années 1950, il existe un certain consensus, car tout le monde partage la vision d'un avenir meilleur. Mais, en réalité, Fraissinette, et surtout Durafour, sont très décalés. Dans leur obsession d'une ville «blanche», ils refusent en bloc le passé, dont on a heureusement découvert depuis lors les richesses. Ils rêvent d'une ville qui n'existe pas, peuplée d'habitants qui ne ressemblent pas aux Stéphanois réels... C'est d'ailleurs ce qui, plus tard, provoquera la chute de Michel Durafour.
Le chantier de l'autoroute de Saint Etienne 01 nov. 1965, la video içi www.ina.fr/video/LXC9610041788 -
Alphabetically ordered dropdown, but country code prefix is shown first, making keyboard navigation impossible and visual scanning awkward!
Water & Light at Sassi Mazar Balochistan May30, 2015
SUN SHINES IN THE NIGHT
Sassi punnu mausoleum got Solar Energy
Every year thousands of peoples from various parts of Sindh, Baluchistan and Punjab gather at the shrine of Sassi and Punnu in Singher village to attend a 3 days carnival. Singher village is , 52 Kilometers away from Hub town. Singher means chain, as the village is surrounded by the chain of hills where it is believed that Sassi and Punnu were buried under a landslide.
Before the monsoon a carnival organizing committee receives donation from the Baloch tribal chiefs of Sindh and Balochistan to bear the expenditures of the event. Collected funds are mostly used for providing food, water and accommodation to all the devotees there. Sufi Faqirs (singers) from Sindh, Balochistan and Punjab travel to perform songs on the occasion to pay homage to Sassi Punnu, the popular tragic romance of Sindh and Balochistan. Besides folk songs, a traditional Sindhi game malakhro similar to Japanese wrestling sumo also attracts a large number of the people to come there.
Lands from mountains with old graves scattered in the area and rainy water ways are quite difficult to cross for the travellers. Despite this, devotees, males and females, travel long distance to visit the site the entire year. For the local people, camel is the only means of transport and people gather there during the occasion.
There is only one well, which is useful for the communities otherwise the entire area underground water level is unsafe for human consumption. In case the area receives monsoon rains the people use rainy water from ponds.
For the benefit of peoples living in surroundings as well as devotees who visit during carnival and over the year, Masood Lohar, country Manager UNDP, GEF small grant program decided to use solar energy for providing clean and safe water and lighting on the mausoleum.
On 30th May 2015, Shaan Technologies Private Limited installed a 3 HP Solar Powered pump on a 250 ft deep well that is located near the tomb. Operating on a 3 kilowatt solar panel bank this pump provide 30 Gallon water per minutes & eliminates requirement of diesel generator operated pump that organizing committee previously used to supply water during the festival.
Now solar pump serves as a continuous source of clean water without any additional cost. A water tank is provided to store pumped water. This tank helped as a 24 hours ready source of water for the local people.
In addition to that 2 solar powered floodlights were also installed in front yard of tomb. These 14 watt LED lights runs on a 35 watt solar panel that provide sufficient power to run LED lamps up to 12 hours. Dusk to Dawn photo sensors is also used in the system that automatically turns on the light just before the sunset and turns off at dawn. This project was financed by the UNDP GEF Small grant program. Lodhie foundation contributed 10% cost of the project under its poverty alleviation initiative.
Project Summary
Location: Sassi Punnu Moseleum, Singher Village, Near Hub Dam, Baluchistan
Coordinates: 25°18'41"N 66°53'21"E
Nearby cities: Karachi, Hub City, Sonmiani / Winder city
Initiated By: UNDP, GEF Small Grant Program in association of Lodhie Foundation
Implemented by: Shaan Technologies Private Limited Karachi
Implantation Date: 30Th May 2015
Equipment installed:
(1) One 3HP DC Submersible water pump with 3KW Solar panels and Pump Controller
(2) Two Solar Powered LED Floodlights
Beneficiaries: Up to 2500 people living in the Singher village and surroundings
Folktale of Sassi & Punnu
Sassi Punnu is a famous folktale of love told in the length and breadth of Sindh, Pakistan. The story is about a faithful wife who is ready to undergo all kinds of troubles that would come her way while seeking her beloved husband who was separated from her by the rivals
Sassi was the daughter of a Brahman Hindu Rajah from Rohri . Upon Sassui's birth, astrologers predicted that she was a curse for the royal family’s prestige. The Raja ordered that the child be put in a wooden box and thrown in the Sindhu, present day’s river Indus. However, she was saved by a washer-man belonging to Bhanbhor, near Gharo district, Thatta . The washer-man raised her as his own daughter.
When Sassui became a young girl, she was as beautiful as the fairies of heaven. Stories of her beauty reached Punhun a prince from Kech Makran Balochistan and he became desperate to meet Sassi. The handsome young Prince therefore travelled to Bhambore. He sent his clothes to Sassi's father (a washerman) so that he could catch a glimpse of Sassi. When he visited the washerman's house, they fell in love at first sight. Sassui's father was dispirited, hoping that Sassi would marry a washerman and no one else. He asked Punnhun to prove that he was worthy of Sassui by passing the test as a washerman. Punnhun agreed to prove his love. While washing, he tore all the clothes as, being a prince, he had never washed any clothes; he thus failed the agreement. But before he returned those clothes, he hid gold coins in the pockets of all the clothes, hoping this would keep the villagers quiet. The trick worked, and Sassui's father agreed to the marriage.
At last Punnu (Punhoon) married her. However, his father, Ari, the King of Ketch, did not like his son getting married to a low-caste girl, so he instructed his other sons to go to Bhanbhor and bring back Punnu at any cost. They visited Punnu as his guests and during the night they intoxicated him and his wife. Later, they put their brother on one of the camels and left. When Sassi woke up in the morning, she was shocked to find Punnu missing and all his brothers gone. She understood their trickery. She left Bhambhor immediately to Kech Makran on foot in search of him. The Kech Makran is located along the Makran Coastal Highway in Baluchistan, Pakistan.
After crossing Pab Mountain, she reached the Harho range. She could not proceed further when her path was blocked by the Phor River. So she started retracing her steps. Soon she was accosted by a beastly goatherd who intended to molest her. Sassi prayed to God for protection. Immediately the ground below her feet started caving in like quicksand and she disappeared within seconds. Seeing the miracle, the goatherd repented sincerely, and to make amends for his misconduct, he made a grave in the site and became its custodian.
Punnu found no peace of mind at Kech. He languished and soon became an invalid. Under the circumstances, his father allowed him to return to Bhambhor.
During his return journey, Punnu happened to pass by the site where Sassi had met her death. When the goatherd came to know his story, he told him as to what had happened to Sassi. Punnu was beside himself on hearing the horrible news.
He prayed to God to unite him with Sassi. Again the ground became quicksand and he soon disappeared into the bowels of the earth. So came to an end the tragic love story of Sassi and Punnu. The legendary grave still exists in this valley.
The famous Sufi saint and poet Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai sings this historic tale in his sufi poetry “Shah jo Risalo” as an example of eternal love and union with Divine.
Sassi’s resting place is said to be about 45 miles away in the Pub range to the west of Karachi. A local man of some importance constructed a simple mausoleum in 1980 over the joint grave of Sassi and Punnu. It is often visited by tourists.
A rather grubby, and somewhat unloved, war memorial found right in Gloucester's City Centre. It's located on the exterior west wall of St Michael's church tower, and it is a little difficult to read in places.
I'm still trying to find out about the two units mentioned on the memorial:
The Volunteer Training Corps was a voluntary home defence militia. A sort of Home Guard.
Not yet found out anything much about the Gloucester VTC, but there's an article on the KORL museum site which explains how things were organised in their Lancashire area.
"The Volunteer movement of 1914-1919 appears to have originated spontaneously, mainly from the action taken by ex-officers and members of the old Volunteer Force in forming Miniature Rifle Clubs and later, “Volunteer Training Corps”, entirely self-supporting and not under War Office recognition."
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"1914 - 1918
Gloucester Volunteer Training Corps and 'A' Company III Volunteer Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment.
In Memory of those who passed through to the Supreme Sacrifice for Honour and Freedom in the Great War.
...
Erected by grateful Comrades"
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R. I. P.
L/Cpl PLY/2444(S) Clifford Andrews (probable match)
06.04.18 Pozières Memorial
1st Royal Marine Battalion, R.N. Division, Royal Marine Light Infantry
The following information was found on the Great War Forum site (thanks to Somerset Sniper)
Service History:
Enlisted at Gloucester 19/9/17 age 27 ; Embarked RM Brigade 16/11/17 ; Draft for BEF 19/3/18, posted to 1st RM Bn. from Base Depot Calais 24/3/18-6/4/18
Appointed Lance Corporal (paid) 26/1/18
Previous occupation: A Slaughterman
Next of kin:
Mother:- Sarah Andrews, Stoborough, Wareham, Dorset (ADM/159)
Wife:- Eliza E.J. Andrews, 1 Alma Terrace, Bristol Rd., Gloucester (ADM/242)
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09.04.18 Loos Memorial
157th Siege Bty, Royal Garrison Artillery
20.03.17 Rouen
2nd Battalion, Devonshire Regt
Age 18
L/Cpl CH/2657(S) Claude A. Browning (possible match)
07.10.18 Buegny, nr Cambrai
1st Royal Marine Battalion, R.N. Division, Royal Marine Light Infantry
Captain Basil V. Bruton Mentioned in Despatches
15.06.18 Boscon, nr Asiago, Italy
1/5th Battalion, Gloucestershire Regt
Gunner/Signaller 107017 Francis H. Chubb
01.07.17 Vlamertinghe, nr Ypres
262nd Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery
Pte 7/18827 Henry J. Coleman (possible match)
13.04.18 St Omer
96th Battalion, Training Reserve
transferred to (378296) Base Depot, (attached XV Corps School) Labour Corps
01.05.18 Godewaersvelde, nr Poperinge
298th Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery
formerly Pte (30364) Gloucestershire Regt., and Gunner (13935) RGA
WO 372/5/222385
27.04.18 Robecq, nr Bethune
2/4th Battalion, Royal Berkshire Regt
formerly Pte (46146) Hampshire Regt
WO 372/6/206483
Harold D. Evans
Pte 128339 Kingsley S. Franklin
29.04.18 Villars-Bretonneux
Machine Guns Corps (Infantry)
Age 19
24.10.18 Ramillies, nr Cambrai
'A' Company, 1st Battalion, Somerset Light Infantry
James C. Jenkins (possible match)
Air Mechanic 263531 2nd Class David L. Kiddle
18.09.19 Wimille, nr Boulogne
91st Wing, Royal Air Force
Age 18
22.10.18 Lijssenthoek, nr Ypres
1/1st Battalion, Herefordshire Regt
04.10.17 Tyne Cot Memorial
1/5th Gloucestershire Regt
WO 372/12/76653
Stanley. W. E. Lewis Military Medal (possible match)
10.08.17 Menin Gate Memorial
7th Battalion, Bedfordshire Regt
21.09.17 Tyne Cot Memorial
Bedfordshire Regt (posted to 1/1st Herefordshire Regt)
William A. Palmer
Thomas G. Smith
Pte 61059 Stanley Victor Stubbs
22.10.18 Kalamaria, Greece
78th Sanitary Section, Royal Army Medical Corps
Henry I. Thomas
Pte 38044 Gilbert G. Trenfield
25.02.19 Gloucester
Labour Company, Hampshire Regt, transf. to (108513) 275th Area Employment Company, Labour Corps
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From The Citizen: Friday 7th December 1917
"Gloucester Volunteer Corps
'A' Company, 3rd Battalion Gloucester Volunteer Regiment
Captain: W. Jarratt Thorpe
Orders for Week Ending 14th December 1947
Officer on Duty: Lieut T. L. Drury
Orderley Sergeant: Sgt J. W. Brown
Orderly Corporal: Corp W. T. Chinery
Sunday 9th December at 2.30pm
Drill Order
If wet, Great Coats to be worn
Band and Recruits to attend
Tuesday 11th
Platoon 3 at 7.30pm and 8.30pm
Wednesday 12th
Platoon 4 at 7.30pm and 8.30pm
Hotchkiss Class at 7.30pm
Thursday 13th
Officers and N.C.O.'s to attend a lecture at City Drill Hall, Brunswick Road at 7.30pm
Friday 14th
Platoons 1 and 2 at 7.30pm and 8.30pm
Recruits to attend Tuesday and Friday at 7.30pm and 8.30pm
Band to attend Wednesday at 8pm
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Gloucestershire Archives:
D11985: William Jarratt Thorpe, soldier, exponent of badger digging: diaries detailing badger digging, terrier breeding and hunt activity across Gloucestershire 1913-1925
See Gloucester Journal around 1st August 1917 for death announcement
This is my fourth and final attempt at shooting this stampede. Glass is difficult at the best of times, but these are close together in an indoor situation where tripods and flash are not allowed :-)
To get enough depth of field needs a tight aperture which is difficult with the available light. In addition, opaque subjects are notoriously difficult to focus (both manual and automatic) and here it is manual.
This successful attempt was made possible by my newly acquired Panasonic LX7 replacing my old faithful LX3 P&S. The model shown here says LX5, but that is my trick to get around Adobes sneaky attempts to force me to upgrade Photoshop, but more on that another day.
There is another shot down below of the room, but unfortunately, the glass doesn't show very well.
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Tiffany Chung commissioned a glass artisan in her home town Ho Chi Minh City to create multiple animals that comprise her work "Roaming with the dawn - snow drift, rain falls, desert wind blows".
These disparate animals move together in a great wave of migration.
Tiffany has concerns for social issues in Vietnam including significant effects of conflict, migration and environmental degradation. The hand made animals suggest a way of life that is fast disappearingin the face of mass production and over development, evoking a sense of movement, evolution and progress.
Let There Be Light Challenge - I wish. this shot is all about light as it plays tricks through the glass, and difficult to get enough DOF due to light levels.
Members Choice Theme - Glass
The true essence of an Amish general store is captured at the Honeyville General Store. It might be a little difficult to find Honeyville, also known as Shrock. In fact, you might not see Honeyville on the map. But it`s worth the search. It`s at the intersection of County Road 400 south and 950 west in LaGrange County.