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From my set entitled “Roses”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607214064416/
In my collection entitled “The Garden”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A rose is a perennial flowering shrub or vine of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, that contains over 100 species. The species form a group of erect shrubs, and climbing or trailing plants, with stems that are often armed with sharp thorns. Most are native to Asia, with smaller numbers of species native to Europe, North America, and northwest Africa. Natives, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and fragrance. [1]
The leaves are alternate and pinnately compound, with sharply toothed oval-shaped leaflets. The plants fleshy edible fruit is called a rose hip. Rose plants range in size from tiny, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach 20 metres in height. Species from different parts of the world easily hybridize, which has given rise to the many types of garden roses.
The name originates from Latin rosa, borrowed through Oscan from colonial Greek in southern Italy: rhodon (Aeolic form: wrodon), from Aramaic wurrdā, from Assyrian wurtinnu, from Old Iranian *warda (cf. Armenian vard, Avestan warda, Sogdian ward, Parthian wâr).[2][3]
Attar of rose is the steam-extracted essential oil from rose flowers that has been used in perfumes for centuries. Rose water, made from the rose oil, is widely used in Asian and Middle Eastern cuisine. Rose hips are occasionally made into jam, jelly, and marmalade, or are brewed for tea, primarily for their high Vitamin C content. They are also pressed and filtered to make rose hip syrup. Rose hips are also used to produce Rose hip seed oil, which is used in skin products.
The leaves of most species are 5–15 centimetres long, pinnate, with (3–) 5–9 (–13) leaflets and basal stipules; the leaflets usually have a serrated margin, and often a few small prickles on the underside of the stem. The vast majority of roses are deciduous, but a few (particularly in Southeast Asia) are evergreen or nearly so.
The flowers of most species roses have five petals, with the exception of Rosa sericea, which usually has only four. Each petal is divided into two distinct lobes and is usually white or pink, though in a few species yellow or red. Beneath the petals are five sepals (or in the case of some Rosa sericea, four). These may be long enough to be visible when viewed from above and appear as green points alternating with the rounded petals. The ovary is inferior, developing below the petals and sepals.
The aggregate fruit of the rose is a berry-like structure called a rose hip. Rose species that produce open-faced flowers are attractive to pollinating bees and other insects, thus more apt to produce hips. Many of the domestic cultivars are so tightly petalled that they do not provide access for pollination. The hips of most species are red, but a few (e.g. Rosa pimpinellifolia) have dark purple to black hips. Each hip comprises an outer fleshy layer, the hypanthium, which contains 5–160 "seeds" (technically dry single-seeded fruits called achenes) embedded in a matrix of fine, but stiff, hairs. Rose hips of some species, especially the Dog Rose (Rosa canina) and Rugosa Rose (Rosa rugosa), are very rich in vitamin C, among the richest sources of any plant. The hips are eaten by fruit-eating birds such as thrushes and waxwings, which then disperse the seeds in their droppings. Some birds, particularly finches, also eat the seeds.
While the sharp objects along a rose stem are commonly called "thorns", they are actually prickles — outgrowths of the epidermis (the outer layer of tissue of the stem). True thorns, as produced by e.g. Citrus or Pyracantha, are modified stems, which always originate at a node and which have nodes and internodes along the length of the thorn itself. Rose prickles are typically sickle-shaped hooks, which aid the rose in hanging onto other vegetation when growing over it. Some species such as Rosa rugosa and R. pimpinellifolia have densely packed straight spines, probably an adaptation to reduce browsing by animals, but also possibly an adaptation to trap wind-blown sand and so reduce erosion and protect their roots (both of these species grow naturally on coastal sand dunes). Despite the presence of prickles, roses are frequently browsed by deer. A few species of roses only have vestigial prickles that have no points.
Roses are popular garden shrubs, as well as the most popular and commonly sold florists' flowers. In addition to their great economic importance as a florists crop, roses are also of great value to the perfume industry.
Many thousands of rose hybrids and cultivars have been bred and selected for garden use; most are double-flowered with many or all of the stamens having mutated into additional petals. As long ago as 1840 a collection numbering over one thousand different cultivars, varieties and species was possible when a rosarium was planted by Loddiges nursery for Abney Park Cemetery, an early Victorian garden cemetery and arboretum in England.
Twentieth-century rose breeders generally emphasized size and colour, producing large, attractive blooms with little or no scent. Many wild and "old-fashioned" roses, by contrast, have a strong sweet scent.
Roses thrive in temperate climates, though certain species and cultivars can flourish in sub-tropical and even tropical climates, especially when grafted onto appropriate rootstock.
Rose pruning, sometimes regarded as a horticultural art form, is largely dependent on the type of rose to be pruned, the reason for pruning, and the time of year it is at the time of the desired pruning.
Most Old Garden Roses of strict European heritage (albas, damasks, gallicas, etc.) are shrubs that bloom once yearly, in late spring or early summer, on two-year-old (or older) canes. As such, their pruning requirements are quite minimal, and are overall similar to any other analogous shrub, such as lilac or forsythia. Generally, only old, spindly canes should be pruned away, to make room for new canes. One-year-old canes should never be pruned because doing so will remove next year's flower buds. The shrubs can also be pruned back lightly, immediately after the blooms fade, to reduce the overall height or width of the plant. In general, pruning requirements for OGRs are much less laborious and regimented than for Modern hybrids.
Modern hybrids, including the hybrid teas, floribundas, grandifloras, modern miniatures, and English roses, have a complex genetic background that almost always includes China roses (R. chinensis). China roses were evergrowing, everblooming roses from humid subtropical regions that bloomed constantly on any new vegetative growth produced during the growing season. Their modern hybrid descendants exhibit similar habits: Unlike Old Garden Roses, modern hybrids bloom continuously (until stopped by frost) on any new canes produced during the growing season. They therefore require pruning away of any spent flowering stem, in order to divert the plant's energy into producing new growth and thence new flowers.
Additionally, Modern Hybrids planted in cold-winter climates will almost universally require a "hard" annual pruning (reducing all canes to 8"–12" in height) in early spring. Again, because of their complex China rose background, Modern Hybrids are typically not as cold-hardy as European OGRs, and low winter temperatures often desiccate or kill exposed canes. In spring, if left unpruned, these damanged canes will often die back all the way to the shrub's root zone, resulting in a weakened, disfigured plant. The annual "hard" pruning of hybrid teas, floribundas, etc. should generally be done in early spring; most gardeners coincide this pruning with the blooming of forsythia shrubs. Canes should be cut about 1/2" above a vegetative bud (identifiable as a point on a cane where a leaf once grew).
For both Old Garden Roses and Modern Hybrids, any weak, damaged or diseased growth should be pruned away completely, regardless of the time of year. Any pruning of any rose should also be done so that the cut is made at a forty five degree angle above a vegetative bud. This helps the pruned stem callus over more quickly, and also mitigates moisture buildup over the cut, which can lead to disease problems.
For all general rose pruning (including cutting flowers for arrangements), sharp secateurs (hand-held, sickle-bladed pruners) should be used to cut any growth 1/2" or less in diameter. For canes of a thickness greater than 1/2", pole loppers or a small handsaw are generally more effective; secateurs may be damaged or broken in such instances.
Deadheading is the simple practice of manually removing any spent, faded, withered, or discoloured flowers from rose shrubs over the course of the blooming season. The purpose of deadheading is to encourage the plant to focus its energy and resources on forming new offshoots and blooms, rather than in fruit production. Deadheading may also be perfomed, if spent flowers are unsightly, for aethestic purposes. Roses are particularly responsive to deadheading.
Deadheading causes different effects on different varieties of roses. For continual blooming varieties, whether Old Garden roses or more modern hybrid varieties, deadheading allows the rose plant to continue forming new shoots, leaves, and blooms. For "once-blooming" varieties (that bloom only once each season), deadheading has the effect of causing the plant to form new green growth, even though new blooms will not form until the next blooming season.
For most rose gardeners, deadheading is used to refresh the growth of the rose plants to keep the rose plants strong, vibrant, and productive.
The rose has always been valued for its beauty and has a long history of symbolism. The ancient Greeks and Romans identified the rose with their goddesses of love referred to as Aphrodite and Venus. In Rome a wild rose would be placed on the door of a room where secret or confidential matters were discussed. The phrase sub rosa, or "under the rose", means to keep a secret — derived from this ancient Roman practice.
Early Christians identified the five petals of the rose with the five wounds of Christ. Despite this interpretation, their leaders were hesitant to adopt it because of its association with Roman excesses and pagan ritual. The red rose was eventually adopted as a symbol of the blood of the Christian martyrs. Roses also later came to be associated with the Virgin Mary.
Rose culture came into its own in Europe in the 1800s with the introduction of perpetual blooming roses from China. There are currently thousands of varieties of roses developed for bloom shape, size, fragrance and even for lack of prickles.
Roses are ancient symbols of love and beauty. The rose was sacred to a number of goddesses (including Isis and Aphrodite), and is often used as a symbol of the Virgin Mary. 'Rose' means pink or red in a variety of languages (such as Romance languages, Greek, and Polish).
The rose is the national flower of England and the United States[4], as well as being the symbol of England Rugby, and of the Rugby Football Union. It is also the provincial flower of Yorkshire and Lancashire in England (the white rose and red rose respectively) and of Alberta (the wild rose), and the state flower of four US states: Iowa and North Dakota (R. arkansana), Georgia (R. laevigata), and New York[5] (Rosa generally). Portland, Oregon counts "City of Roses" among its nicknames, and holds an annual Rose Festival.
Roses are occasionally the basis of design for rose windows, such windows comprising five or ten segments (the five petals and five sepals of a rose) or multiples thereof; however most Gothic rose windows are much more elaborate and were probably based originally on the wheel and other symbolism.
A red rose (often held in a hand) is a symbol of socialism or social democracy; it is also used as a symbol by the British and Irish Labour Parties, as well as by the French, Spanish (Spanish Socialist Workers' Party), Portuguese, Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Finnish, Brazilian, Dutch (Partij van de Arbeid) and European socialist parties. This originated when the red rose was used as a badge by the marchers in the May 1968 street protests in Paris. White Rose was a World War II non violent resistance group in Germany.
Roses are often portrayed by artists. The French artist Pierre-Joseph Redouté produced some of the most detailed paintings of roses.
Henri Fantin-Latour was also a prolific painter of still life, particularly flowers including roses. The Rose 'Fantin-Latour' was named after the artist.
Other impressionists including Claude Monet and Paul Cézanne have paintings of roses among their works.
Rose perfumes are made from attar of roses or rose oil, which is a mixture of volatile essential oils obtained by steam distilling the crushed petals of roses. The technique originated in Persia (the word Rose itself is from Persian) then spread through Arabia and India, but nowadays about 70% to 80% of production is in the Rose Valley near Kazanluk in Bulgaria, with some production in Qamsar in Iran and Germany.[citation needed]
The Kaaba in Mecca is annually washed by the Iranian rose water from Qamsar. In Bulgaria, Iran and Germany, damask roses (Rosa damascena 'Trigintipetala') are used. In the French rose oil industry Rosa centifolia is used. The oil, pale yellow or yellow-grey in color, is sometimes called 'Rose Absolute' oil to distinguish it from diluted versions. The weight of oil extracted is about one three-thousandth to one six-thousandth of the weight of the flowers; for example, about two thousand flowers are required to produce one gram of oil.
The main constituents of attar of roses are the fragrant alcohols geraniol and l-citronellol; and rose camphor, an odourless paraffin. β-Damascenone is also a significant contributor to the scent.
Quotes
What's in a name? That which we call a rose/By any other name would smell as sweet. — William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet act II, sc. ii
O, my love's like a red, red rose/That's newly sprung in June — Robert Burns, A Red, Red Rose
Information appears to stew out of me naturally, like the precious ottar of roses out of the otter. Mark Twain, Roughing It
Hearts starve as well as bodies; give us bread, but give us roses. — James Oppenheim, "Bread and Roses"
Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose — Gertrude Stein, Sacred Emily (1913), a poem included in Geography and Plays.
This is a close-up photo of a developed beach stone that I found on Bartlett's Beach. It has lovely patterns, subtle colours, a smooth shape that fits nicely in one's hand, and flecks of mica that glint in the direct sunlight.
It is a paradox that you stand in the old world when making a new world or, more abstract, that what is new is still defined by the old (even and precisely when developed in contradistinction to the old). One more reason not to overestimate the autonomy of the new. Fuji X-E2, a 2x teleconverter and the Helios 44M-7 at approx. F8.
(Image taken recently with an Analog roll film camera).
Went to beautiful downtown Deland and found a lot of photo opportunities, one was this colorful chair set. A superb moment to test my new old analog Canon A-2, loaded with Ektar 100.
(Spanish: Fui a el bello pueblo de Deland y me tope con muchas oportunidades fotográficas. Entre ellas este set de sillas, tremendo para probar mi nueva cámara Canon A-2 con la película Ektar 100
(Analog Camera: Canon A-2 with Canon EF 20-35mm).
Process: Kodak Ektar 100 film develop at home with CinesStill CS41 then scan on Epson V600 @ 2,400 dpi. Some contrast adjustment on Nik Color Efex4 and Photoshop CC.
This image belong to my Album: Analog Time.
Old Post overlooking the Skagit Bay Estuary on Fir Island in Washington State.
Photographed with a Zeiss Ikon Maximar 9X12cm camera. The film is Fomapan 100 developed in Rodinal 1:50.
This week I posted also a topview shot of a similar immature fungus 'Chondrostereum purpureum' and after a few days I went back to see how it was developing, but it was gone already.
Luckily there were other immature ones. I choose this one to follow. I must say that I like this beginning appearance very much. ;-)
After a few days this one looks like this.
"Silver leaf is a fungal disease of trees caused by the fungus plant pathogen Chondrostereum purpureum. It attacks most species of the rose family Rosaceae, particularly the genus Prunus. The disease is progressive and often fatal. The common name is taken from the progressive silvering of leaves on affected branches. It is spread by airborne spores landing on freshly exposed sapwood. For this reason cherries and plums are pruned in summer, when spores are least likely to be present and when disease is visible. Silver Leaf can also happen on poming fruits like apples and pears. Plums are especially vulnerable.
In the past the name Stereum purpureum Pers. was widely used for this fungus, but according to modern taxonomy it is only distantly related to Stereum, actually belonging to order Agaricales whereas Stereum is in order Russulales.
After starting as just a crust on the wood, the fruiting structure develops undulating intergrowing brackets up to about 3 cm broad, which have a tough rubbery texture. The edges and fertile lower surfaces show a fairly vivid violet colour while the fungus is growing, and the upper surfaces have a grey aspect (sometimes with zonation) and are covered with whitish hairs. After a week or two the fructification dries out, becomes brittle, and turns a drab brown or beige. Infected wood can be recognized because it is stained a darker tint.
The spores are rounded cylinders approximately 5-8 µm x 3-4 µm in size. The hyphal structure is monomitic with clamp connections.
It is often found on old stumps and dead wood, but can also be a serious parasite of living trees. As well as plum trees it attacks many other broad-leafed species (other Prunus, apple, pear, willow, poplar, maple, hornbeam, plane, oak, elm, lilac, and many others).Occasionally it also infects conifers (fir, spruce, Thuja, ...).Geographically it is roughly speaking just as widespread as its hosts - it is common in woods, orchards and tree plantations in temperate climates.
Chondrostereum purpureum is commercially available as a method of combatting forest "weed" trees such as red alder, aspens and other species.The fungus is applied directly to the weed trees in a nutrient paste which can be stored and handled conveniently. According to a report of the Canadian Pest Management Agency, the use of this control method will only have a limited impact on non-target trees since the fungal spores are ubiquitous anyway and healthy trees are resistant to attack." - WiKi
"De paarse korstzwam (Chondrostereum purpureum), purperkorstzwam of loodglansschimmel is een paddenstoel uit de familie Cyphellaceae. De soort lijkt op een elfenbankje, maar is paars en aan de rand wit gekleurd. De randen zijn golvend en wit donzig behaard. De onderzijde is glad, donkerbruin of bruin-violet tot bruin. De paddenstoel wordt carpophores genoemd en wordt in de herfst gevormd bij een hoge relatieve luchtvochtigheid met veel regen, mist of dauw en een temperatuur van 10 °C. Hieruit ontstaan de basidiosporen, die bij infectie via wonden loodglans veroorzaken. Zo genoemd omdat de bladeren een loodachtige kleur krijgen als de schimmel de boom heeft aangetast.
De purperkorstzwam wordt gevonden als saprofyt op dood hout van allerlei loofbomen en als parasiet op levende bomen en struiken uit de rozenfamilie. Het veroorzaakt op vruchtbomen loodglansziekte, onder andere bij de pruim en kers. De purperkorstzwam komt het gehele jaar voor en is een algemene verschijning.
Het vruchtlichaam heeft een doorsnede van 2-4 cm, is dun en leerachtig. De korsten hebben een opstaande rand. De bovenkant is voorzien van groeven, is viltig en licht grijsachtig geelbruin. De onderkant is lila tot purperkleurig. Later wordt de onderkant meer bruinachtig. Bij een korst zit het hymenium aan de bovenzijde en is aan de violette kleur te herkennen.
De paarse korstzwam wordt gebruikt voor de bestrijding van de Amerikaanse vogelkers. Op de afgezaagde stobben worden de sporen van de schimmel gesmeerd en zodra de schimmel de wortels bereikt heeft gaat de boom dood." - WiKi
Here’s a small patch of Pickwick Dutch Crocus that I found at Buxton Park (Indianola, Iowa). These purple and white striped crocus with bright-orange stamens are the first spring flowers that I have seen this year. I photographed these earlier this afternoon in full-sun, but under an umbrella to avoid hard shadows.
Developed with Darktable 4.8.0.
Develop your senses- especially learn how to see. Realize that everything connects to everything else.
developing and spreading at the top clouds
looks a little like a mushroom cloud
Number 1 on explore April 8, 2012 according to BigHuge Labs Scout (it probably wasn't there long and didn't show up on fluidr.com at the end of the day)
Took a day trip up to the High Sierra's (enough of this setting around the house BS), up on California State Route 108. Pinecrest lake along the route was a bust for any images, so headed up to Donnell Reservoir Vista and spent the rest of the day there. This was the only view (variations) of the day that needed to be in B&W. That was due to the drama that was going on just behind the ridge line and monotones in the land mass. Spent some time watching the clouds dancing around the ridge, and then developing into a classic t-storm anvil formation and the turmoil within.
Processed in Luminar 4.3 and Lightroom 5 for the basic setup. The crop was set at the end for a pano look.
Nikon D810, 100mm (24/120 f/4), 1/30 @ f/11, ISO 50. Manual mode, mirror up, remote release and a CPL on the lens. Captured on August 11, 2020 a little past 4:30PM.
Abandoned House on the Palouse of Washington State.
Photographed with a Pentax Spotmatic using an Auto Tamron f/4.5 21mm lens, yellow filter. The film is Kodak Panatomic-X that expired 3/1963. The film was developed in Beerenol (Rainier Beer).
Lund Cathedral, Sweden
Trix400 in D76 1:1.
Lubitel 166 (LOMO, USSR), tripod.
Light metering: Gossen Lunasix-3.
Scan: Epson V600, VueScan software.
Model: Lilly
To develop Your skills, sometimes its necessary to leave Your comfort zone. Thats what I did, when I moved to shoot people, a field I used to struggle with in the past. I thank my wonderful daughter Lilly, for providing herself as my training object. So You will see some more photos of here in the future. I'm thankful for Your constructive tips, the same to anybody who wants to be photographed by me.
Um sich weiter zu entwickeln ist es manchmal erforderlich seine Komfortzone zu verlassen. Dies habe ich getan, indem ich mich der Fotografie von Menschen zugewandt habe, einem Bereich in dem ich mich bisher schwer tue. Ich danke meiner wundervollen Tochter Lilly, dass sie mir hier als Übungsprojekt zur Verfügung steht. Ihr werdet also in nächster Zeit noch mehr Fotos von Ihr zu sehen bekommen. Für konstruktive Hinweise und Tips bin ich offen, genau so wie für Interessenten, die sich von mir fotografieren lassen möchten.