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A village council head from a village in Alwar district of Rajasthan in India attends a meeting organized by UN Women’s partner The Hunger Project, to develop her leadership skills. Women get together to discuss priority issues and find solutions to problems such as alcoholism, lack of roads or drinking water.
Photo: UN Women/Ashutosh Negi
If you are looking to develop android applications, it is a great idea as you can enjoy a range of benefits that are mentioned in this Infographic.
For more information on The Lunchtime Portraits, please follow this link
* Rolleiflex 3,5F Planar *
* Ilford FP4 Plus *
* Developed in Kodak Tmax *
* Epson V500 scanner *
* Photoshop CS6 *
developed in diafine a then b then another 1.5 minutes in Acufine for an extra push. 78f. Shot at 1600 iso
Part of my 'photographing the year' series - January. Downham, Lancashire, January 23rd 2011.
Prinzflex (Chinon) TTL and Auto Chinon 55mm f1.7 lens on Kodak Gold 200 home developed in Tetenal C41 chemistry. Meter not working so exposure estimated at 1/500th at f4
A wall cloud develops underneath the mesocyclone produced by a supercell thunderstorm southwest of Crowell, Texas on March 18, 2012.
Anklam was originally a Wendish fortress, as there was a Scandinavian and Wendish settlement here in the early Middle Ages.
Later the town became part of the Duchy of Pomerania. During the German eastward expansion, the abandoned fortress was developed into a settlement. The town has significance as a shipping port on the river Peene. It was elevated to the status of a town in 1244 and joined the Hanseatic League in the same year and prospered through membership.
The town suffered greatly during the Thirty Years' War when Swedish and imperial troops fought over it for twenty years. During this and subsequent wars, the town was repeatedly ravaged by fires and the plague. After the war, Anklam became part of Swedish Pomerania in 1648 but in 1676 it was conquered by Frederick William of Brandenburg.
In 1713 Anklam was sacked by soldiers of the Russian Empire. With the Stockholm Treaty of 1720, the southern parts of the town were ceded to Prussia, while a smaller part north of the Peene remained Swedish.
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The Marienkirche was first mentioned in 1296. The construction probably began 40 years earlier. It was a Romanesque church with a double tower, which can be classified as much older and was then rebuilt in Gothic style. The Romanesque tower is still recognisable in the masonry of its Gothic successor. By the end of the 15th century, St. Mary's Church had acquired its present appearance.
The design of the tower changed over time. In 1816, the pointed spire, which had been destroyed by fire, was replaced by a lower pyramidal roof. In 1884, the low spire also burnt down after a lightning strike, whereupon the four gables of the tower were rebuilt and substantially raised, and the Marienkirche was provided with a Gothic pointed spire, which reached a height of about 100 metres. The new spire was completed in 1888. During a bombing raid in 1943, this construction was destroyed and only three of the former four gables remained standing. After the war, the tower was given a simpler gable roof with only two gables and today has a height of 64 metres.
Much of the furnishings was removed during the Second World War. It did not save them, however, because most of it disappeared there.
Large parts of the choir stalls from the 15th century come from the Nikolaikirche in Anklam, which was almost completely destroyed during the war.
Carved from oak, the pews once closed off the rows of seats in the choir room, which once were reserved for religious and priests. After the Reformation, many choir stalls were lost because they had lost their function. They were often only preserved because of their carvings.
One mystery is why there is so much carved graffiti here (and only here). St. Lawrence looks a bit annoyed about them.
Wendy Barclay, Action Medical Research Chair, Virology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom, speaking during the Session "Developing a Vaccine Revolution with Imperial College London" at the Annual Meeting 2019 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 24, 2019. Congress Centre - IdeasLab
Copyright by World Economic Forum / Mattias Nutt
by Samuel Musungayi.
Captured with a Nikon F3 HP [+ Nikkor 35mm f/2.0] and a roll of Ilford Pan 400.
Adox Adonal (Rodinal) : 8 min.
Ilfostop : 10-15 sec.
Ilford Rapid Fixer (1+4) : 3 min 30 sec.
Kodak Photo-Flo : 1 min.
CanoScan 8800F.
Notes:
- Shot date : 12/2023 - 01/2024
- Home developing : 05/2024
- Box speed : ISO 400
- Shot speed: ISO 800
Fort Smith National Historic Site is a National Historic Site located in Fort Smith, Arkansas, along the Arkansas River. The first fort at this site was established by the United States in 1817, before this area was established as part of Indian Territory. It was later replaced and the second fort was operated by the US until 1871. This site was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1961.
The fort was the first site of the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas, which had jurisdiction over western Arkansas and all of Indian Territory. It began operations in 1875 with the appointment of Isaac C. Parker as the first federal district judge here. The town of Fort Smith, Arkansas developed around the fort.
The site includes the second historic fort constructed at this place. In addition, located on the grounds are the foundation remains of the first Fort Smith (1817–1824), the commissary building (c. 1838) and a reconstruction of the gallows used by the federal court. A walking trail along the Arkansas River includes wayside exhibits on the Trail of Tears.
Congress authorized acquisition of land on the Oklahoma bank of the Arkansas River to be included in the National Historic Site, in order to preserve a historic viewshed, but it has not been acquired.
The park visitor center is now located in the old Barracks/Courthouse/Jail building. Exhibits in the visitor center focus on Fort Smith's military history from 1817 to 1871, its role in the western expansion of the United States, Federal District Judge Isaac Parker and the federal court's effects on justice in Indian Territory, the U.S. Deputy Marshals and outlaws, Federal Indian policy, and Indian Removal, including the Cherokee Trail of Tears.
The site was established in 1961 in order to protect the remains of two 19th-century U.S. military forts, including a building that once housed the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas, which had jurisdiction over federal cases in Indian Territory. Fort Smith was also notable as a major stop for the Choctaw and Cherokee people along the "Trail of Tears." during the period of Indian Removal from the Southeast. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1961.
The original fort was established on December 25, 1817, by Major William Bradford in order to maintain harmony between the local Osage Indians, who had long been dominant in this territory, and a band of Cherokee who had migrated west, under pressure from European Americans, from their traditional territory in the Southeast. This time would later be historically referenced as the "First Fort." It ended in 1824 when the U.S. Army abandoned Fort Smith after constructing Fort Gibson further west.
As a result of the increased tensions Indians following the Indian Removal Act of 1830, and local white settlers who encroached on their territory, the U.S. Army created a second Fort Smith in 1838 near the original's ruins. This is the beginning of the historical "Second Fort" period. During General Zachary Taylor's command of the fort in the 1840s, it became a supply depot for other forts within the Indian Territory. It was captured during the Civil War from Confederate forces in 1863 by Union troops. The majority of the Cherokee and other Five Civilized Tribes had initially allied with the Confederacy, and supplied warriors to its forces. The fort continued in use as a supply depot to other forts in the region until it was no longer occupied in an official capacity by 1871; historically the end of the "Second Fort" era.
As often happened, a small town developed around the fort, with people attracted for business. In addition, court operations continued at a courthouse built in town for the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas, which presided over the western half of Arkansas and all of Indian Territory. It was first held at the fort, as noted above. The first federal district judge here was Isaac C. Parker, who presided over the court from 1875 to 1896.
Arkansas is a landlocked state in the South Central region of the Southern United States. It borders Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, Texas to the southwest, and Oklahoma to the west. Its name derives from the Osage language, and refers to their relatives, the Quapaw people. The state's diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U.S. Interior Highlands, to the densely forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River and the Arkansas Delta.
Arkansas is the 29th largest by area and the 34th most populous state, with a population of just over three million at the 2020 census. The capital and most populous city is Little Rock, in the central part of the state, a hub for transportation, business, culture, and government. The northwestern corner of the state, including the Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers Metropolitan Area and Fort Smith metropolitan area, is a population, education, and economic center. The largest city in the state's eastern part is Jonesboro. The largest city in the state's southeastern part is Pine Bluff.
Previously part of French Louisiana and the Louisiana Purchase, the Territory of Arkansas was admitted to the Union as the 25th state on June 15, 1836. Much of the Delta had been developed for cotton plantations, and landowners there largely depended on enslaved African Americans' labor. In 1861, Arkansas seceded from the United States and joined the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. On returning to the Union in 1868, Arkansas continued to suffer economically, due to its overreliance on the large-scale plantation economy. Cotton remained the leading commodity crop, and the cotton market declined. Because farmers and businessmen did not diversify and there was little industrial investment, the state fell behind in economic opportunity. In the late 19th century, the state instituted various Jim Crow laws to disenfranchise and segregate the African-American population. White interests dominated Arkansas's politics, with disenfranchisement of African Americans and refusal to reapportion the legislature; only after the federal legislation passed were more African Americans able to vote. During the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, Arkansas and particularly Little Rock were major battlegrounds for efforts to integrate schools.
Following World War II in the 1940s, Arkansas began to diversify its economy and see prosperity. During the 1960s, the state became the base of the Walmart corporation, the world's largest company by revenue, headquartered in Bentonville. In the 21st century, Arkansas's economy is based on service industries, aircraft, poultry, steel, and tourism, along with important commodity crops of cotton, soybeans and rice.
Arkansas's culture is observable in museums, theaters, novels, television shows, restaurants, and athletic venues across the state. Notable people from the state include politician and educational advocate William Fulbright; former president Bill Clinton, who also served as the 40th and 42nd governor of Arkansas; general Wesley Clark, former NATO Supreme Allied Commander; Walmart founder and magnate Sam Walton; singer-songwriters Johnny Cash, Charlie Rich, Jimmy Driftwood, and Glen Campbell; actor-filmmaker Billy Bob Thornton; poet C. D. Wright; physicist William L. McMillan, a pioneer in superconductor research; poet laureate Maya Angelou; Douglas MacArthur; musician Al Green; actor Alan Ladd; basketball player Scottie Pippen; singer Ne-Yo; Chelsea Clinton; actress Sheryl Underwood; and author John Grisham.
The history of Arkansas began millennia ago when humans first crossed into North America. Many tribes used Arkansas as their hunting lands but the main tribe was the Quapaw, who settled in the Arkansas River delta upon moving south from Illinois. Early French explorers gave the territory its name, a corruption of Akansea, which is a phonetic spelling from the Illinois language word for the Quapaw.[1] This phonetic heritage explains why "Arkansas" is pronounced so differently than the U.S. state of "Kansas" even though they share the same spelling.
What began as a rough wilderness inhabited by trappers and hunters became incorporated into the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and later became the Arkansas Territory from 1819 to 1836. Upon gaining statehood on June 15, 1836, Arkansas had begun to prosper under a plantation economy that was heavily reliant on slave labor. After the American Civil War (1861–1865), Arkansas was a poor rural state, whose main economic base revolved around agriculture based chiefly on cotton production. In the late 19th century, the state instituted various Jim Crow laws to disenfranchise and segregate the African American population. This would last until federal legislation was passed in the 1960s. During the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, Arkansas and particularly Little Rock, were major battlegrounds for efforts to integrate schools.
The state started to see some economic prosperity during and after World War II in the 1940s. Arkansas became the base for retail corporation Walmart during the 1960s, which is headquartered in Bentonville. Walmart would later become the world's largest company by revenue. During the 20th century, different Arkansas political leaders would become nationally prominent, including the 42nd U.S. President Bill Clinton, who was Governor of Arkansas, 1979–1981 and 1983–1992.
Beginning around 11,700 B.C.E., the first indigenous people inhabited the area now known as Arkansas after crossing today's Bering Strait, formerly Beringia. The first people in modern-day Arkansas likely hunted woolly mammoths by running them off cliffs or using Clovis points, and began to fish as major rivers began to thaw towards the end of the last great ice age. Around 9500 BCE, forests also started to expand, enabling local peoples to engage in greater gathering. Crude containers became a necessity for storing gathered items. Since mammoths had become extinct, hunting bison and deer became more common. These early peoples of Arkansas likely lived in base camps and departed on hunting trips for months at a time.
Further warming led to the beginnings of agriculture in Arkansas around 650 BCE. Fields consisted of clearings, and Native Americans would begin to form villages around the plot of trees they had cleared. Shelters became more permanent and pottery became more complex. Burial mounds, surviving today in places such as Parkin Archeological State Park and Toltec Mounds Archaeological State Park, became common in northeast Arkansas. This reliance on agriculture marks an entrance into Mississippian culture around 950 CE. Wars began occurring between chieftains over land disputes. Platform mounds gain popularity in some cultures.
The Native American nations that lived in Arkansas prior to the westward movement of peoples from the East were the Quapaw, Caddo, and Osage Nations. While moving westward, the Five Civilized Tribes inhabited Arkansas during its territorial period.
The first European contact with Arkansas was the Spanish expedition led by Hernando de Soto in 1541. De Soto wandered among settlements, inquiring about gold and other valuable natural resources. He encountered the Casqui in northeast Arkansas, who sent him north around Devil's Elbow to the Pacaha, the traditional enemies of the Casqui. Upon arrival in the Pacaha village, the Casqui who had followed behind de Soto attacked and raided the village. De Soto ultimately engaged the two tribes' chiefs in a peace treaty before continuing on across central Arkansas and into the Ozark Mountains in his search for riches. After finding nothing he considered of value and encountering native resistance the entire way; he and his soldiers returned to the Mississippi River where de Soto fell ill. He died the following day in what is believed to be the vicinity of modern-day McArthur in May 1542. Soto's body was weighted down with sand and he was consigned to a watery grave in the Mississippi River under cover of darkness.
De Soto had attempted to deceive the native population into thinking he was an immortal deity, sun of the sun, in order to forestall attack by outraged Native Americans on his by then weakened and bedraggled army. In order to keep the ruse up, his men informed the locals that de Soto had ascended into the sky. His will at the time of his death listed: "four Indian slaves, three horses and 700 hogs" which were auctioned off to his men. His starving men, who had been living off maize stolen from Native Americans and who had not been allowed to eat the enormous herd of hogs but had had to care for them, immediately started to butcher them. Later on his remaining men, now commanded by his aide de camp Moscoso, attempted an overland return to Mexico. They made it as far as Texas before running into territory too dry for maize farming and too thinly populated to sustain themselves by stealing food from the locals. The expedition promptly backtracked to Arkansas. After building a small fleet of boats they then headed down the Mississippi River and eventually on to Mexico by water.
In 1673, French explorers Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet reached the Arkansas River on an expedition to map the Mississippi River. After a calumet with friendly Quapaw, the group suspected the Spanish to be nearby and returned north.
Robert La Salle entered Arkansas in 1681 as part of his quest to find the mouth of the Mississippi River, and thus claim the entire river for New France. La Salle and his partner, Henri de Tonti, succeeded in this venture, claiming the river in April 1682. La Salle would return to France while dispatching de Tonti to wait for him and hold Fort St. Louis. On the king's orders, La Salle returned to colonize the Gulf of Mexico for the French, but ran aground in Matagorda Bay. La Salle led three expeditions on foot searching for the Mississippi River, but his third party mutinied near Navasota, Texas, in 1687. de Tonti learned of La Salle's Texas expeditions and traveled south in an effort to locate him along the Mississippi River. Along with this journey south, de Tonti founded Arkansas Post as a waypoint for his searches in 1686. La Salle's party, now led by his brother, stumbled upon the Post and were greeted kindly by Quapaw with fond memories of La Salle. The troupe thought it best to lie and say La Salle remained at his new coastal colony.
The French colonization of the Mississippi Valley would end with the later destruction of Fort St. Louis were it not for de Tonti establishing the small trading stop, Arkansas Post. The party originally led by La Salle would depart the Post and continue north to Montreal, where interest was spurred in explorers who had the knowledge that the French had a holding in the region.
The first successful European settlement, "Poste de Arkansea", was established by Henri de Tonti in 1686 on the Arkansas River. The post disbanded for unknown reasons in 1699 but was reestablished in 1721 in the same location. Sited slightly upriver from the confluence of the Arkansas River and Mississippi River, the remote post was a center of trade and home base for fur trappers in the region to trade their wares. The French settlers mingled and in some cases even intermarried with Quapaw natives, sharing a dislike of English and Chickasaw, who were allies at the time. A moratorium on furs imposed by Canada severely affected the post's economy, and many settlers began to move out of the Mississippi River Valley. Scottish banker John Law saw the struggling post and attempted to entice settlers to emigrate from Germany to start an agriculture settlement at Arkansas Post, but his efforts failed when Law-created Mississippi Bubble burst in 1720.
The French maintained the post throughout this time mostly due to its strategic significance along the Mississippi River. The post was moved back further from the Mississippi River in 1749 after the English with their Chickasaw allies attacked, it was moved downriver in 1756 to be closer to a Qua-paw defensive line that had been established, and to serve, as an repent, or trading post, during the Seven Years' War and prevent attacks from the Spanish along the Mississippi.
In 1762, the secret treaty of Fontainebleau transferred control of colonial Louisiana (including present-day Arkansas), to Spain in exchange for Florida. The Spanish showed little interest in Arkansas except for the land grants meant to inspire settlement around the post. Afterward, the post was again moved upriver out of the floodplain in 1779. Its position 4 miles (6.4 km) up the Arkansas River made it a hub for trappers to start their journeys, although it also served as a diplomatic center for relations between the Spanish and Quapaw. Many that stopped at Arkansas Post were simply passing through on their way up or down river and needed supplies or rest. Habitants included approximately ten merchants, some domestic slaves, and the wives and children of voyageurs. A small detachment of the Fixed Infantry Regiment of Louisiana lived inside the fort, tasked with protecting the village of Arkansas Post nearby. On April 17, 1783, present-day Arkansas experienced its only battle of the American Revolutionary War when Captain James Colbert of the 16th Regiment of Foot led a force of British partisans and Chickasaws against the Spanish village and fort.
Although the United States of America had gained separation from the British as a result of the Revolutionary War, Arkansas remained in Spanish hands after the conflict. Americans began moving west to Kentucky and Tennessee, and the United States wanted to guarantee these people that the Spanish possession of the Mississippi River would not disrupt commerce. Napoleon Bonaparte's conquest of Spain shortly after the American Revolution forced the Spanish to cede Louisiana, including Arkansas, to the French via the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1800. England declared war on France in 1803, and Napoleon sold his land in the new world to the United States, today known as the Louisiana Purchase. The size of the country doubled with the purchase, and a stream of new White settlers led to a changed dynamic between Native Americans and Arkansans. Prior to the Louisiana Purchase, the relationship between the two groups was a "middle ground" of give and take. These relationships would deteriorate all across the frontier, including in Arkansas.
Thomas Jefferson initiated the Lewis and Clark Expedition to find the nation's new northern boundary, and the Dunbar Hunter Expedition, led by William Dunbar, was sent to establish the new southern boundary. The group was intended to explore the Red River, but due to Spanish hostility settled on a tour up the Ouachita River to explore the hot springs in central Arkansas. Leaving in October 1804 and parting company at Fort Miro on January 16, 1805, their reports included detailed accounts of give and take between Native Americans and trappers, detailed flora and fauna descriptions, and a chemical analysis of the "healing waters" of the hot springs. Useful information for settlers to navigate the area and descriptions of the people inhabiting south Arkansas was also included.
The settler-Native American relationship deteriorated further following the 1812 New Madrid earthquake, viewed by some as punishment for accepting and assimilating into White culture. Many Cherokee left their farms and moved shortly after a speech in June 1812 by a tribal chief admonishing the tribe for departing from tradition.
A small segment of the Territory of Missouri applied for statehood on March 2, 1819. The application included a provision that would bring Missouri into the Union as a slave state, which would upset the delicate balance of slave and free states. This application also defined all land in the Missouri Territory south of the parallel 36°30' north, except the Missouri Bootheel between the Mississippi River and the Saint Francis River north of the 36th parallel north, as the new Territory of Arkansaw. When the Missouri Enabling Act was taken up in the United States House of Representatives, James Tallmadge denounced slavery and succeeded in passing the Tallmadge Amendment in the House, an act that would have extinguished slavery in Missouri in a generation. The act was the first attempt to curb the rapid expansion of slavery along the country's expanding western frontier and caught many southern Democrats by surprise. The following day, John Taylor proposed identical restrictions on slavery before authorizing the Arkansaw Enabling Act. The banning of new slaves amendment was soundly defeated, but the gradual emancipation measure was tied until Speaker of the House Henry Clay cast the deciding no vote killing the Amendment and allowing Arkansas to organize as a slave territory. The Missouri Compromise was later struck allowing Maine to enter as a free state, thus allowing Missouri to enter as a slave state to keeping the balance of free/slave states at 12 each.
The uncertainty surrounding Missouri's status as a slave state caused a rapid out-migration of slaveholders into Arkansas. Slavery also became a divisive issue within Arkansas. The wealthy planters of southeast Arkansas strongly supported slavery since manual labor was the only method of harvesting cotton at the time. The northwest parts of the state did not have cotton plantations, and as little as 2% of the black population in northwest Arkansas was enslaved during the territorial era. However, northwest Arkansas backed slavery in support of the southeastern Arkansas planters.
Different aspects of frontier life are preserved today in three state parks. Historic Washington State Park in southwest Arkansas is a restored town that was formerly a bustling stop on the Southwest Trail. Davidsonville Historic State Park preserves one of early Arkansas's most important communities, including Arkansas's first post office and courthouse. Powhatan Historic State Park on the Black River allows visitors to relive a former riverport town during its heyday.
The new Arkansas Territory held its territorial government at the territorial capital, Arkansas Post, and included all of present-day Arkansas and Oklahoma except the Oklahoma panhandle. These lands became Indian Territory by 1828, leaving the modern day outline of Arkansas. Upon creation of the territory, President James Monroe appointed James Miller of New Hampshire, the hero of Lundy's Lane, as territorial governor, and young Robert Crittenden as secretary of the territory. Miller had little interest in governing the territory, and spent most of his time outside its boundaries. This left an opportunist Crittenden in charge of Arkansas, and he quickly assembled three judges together to form Arkansas's first legislature. Crittenden also held an election that selected James Woodson Bates as Arkansas's territorial delegate to Congress in addition to forming and filling the two branches of the General Assembly of Arkansas Territory. This election became contested when Miller returned and decided Arkansas would follow an 1812 law that all territorial legislative positions were to be filled by appointment, nullifying Crittenden's election. Congress later affirmed the election, but the situation formed a divide between Miller's followers and the Crittenden faction.
Miller and Crittenden were again divided over the relocation of the territorial capitol from the unsuitable backwater at Arkansas Post. The legislature discussed the issue of relocating the capitol in 1820, but could not decide between Little Rock and Cadron before the session ended. After the session ended, William Russell, owner of hundreds of lots around Little Rock, began selling them to legislators and influential men like Crittenden, Robert Oden, William A. Trimble, and Andrew Scott. Upon returning, the legislature passed a bill to move the capitol to Little Rock by three votes, increasing the value of many legislators' Little Rock lots significantly. In protest, Miller moved to a new house at Crystal Hill near Cadron before being reassigned to Salem, Massachusetts. During the move to Little Rock, Crittenden formed the Rose Law Firm with Chester Ashley, forming a powerful political alliance between The Family and Crittenden's supporters. Arkansas's second territorial governor was George Izard, a wealthy planter who moved to the territory from South Carolina. Izard succeeded in changing divorce law and briefly stopping the Quapaw removal in Arkansas. He also organized a militia and managed to quiet Crittenden, who remained as secretary of the territory. Izard died in 1828 and was replaced by John Pope, who was appointed by Andrew Jackson.
In an effort to prevent white settlers taking over their territory, the Quapaw signed an 1818 treaty relinquishing all their hunting lands in exchange for keeping 32,000,000 acres (13,000,000 ha) of land along the Arkansas River in south Arkansas in their possession. This treaty was later reneged upon the following year, with whites taking all but 1,000,000 acres (400,000 ha) back for settlement. At this time, Cherokee from Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina were being forced into Arkansas onto Caddo hunting lands west of Little Rock. The Caddo did not welcome the invasion of the Cherokee, who had thought they were moving to uninhabited land. The Caddo viewed the Cherokee as "domesticated" by the white man for signing treaties with the United States government and the tribes went to war. Cephas Washburn established Dwight Mission near Russellville as a school for Cherokee youth at the tribe's request in 1822. This school was later moved to Sallisaw, Oklahoma. The Osage signed a treaty to leave Arkansas in 1825 and moved to Kansas briefly before buying their own reservation in Osage County, Oklahoma. The United States established Fort Smith and Fort Gibson, Oklahoma, to keep the peace and trade with the Native Americans.
During the Industrial Revolution, cotton prices boomed and white settlers clamored for the fertile lands around the Arkansas River inhabited by the Quapaw. Eventually the government forced the Quapaw to a reservation in Louisiana with the Caddo. Antoine Barraqué led the Quapaw south in the winter of 1825–26. They found the Caddo inhospitable because the Quapaw were viewed as invaders and when the Quapaw's crop washed away twice due to flooding of the Red River, conditions got even worse. Combined with the overcrowding and lack of annuities promised to both tribes, the Quapaw were unhappy and followed chief Saracen back to their homeland along the Arkansas River. By 1830, the entire tribe had returned to Arkansas, and despite Governor Pope and Indian agent Richard Hannon, the Quapaw were removed to a separate reservation in northeast Oklahoma in 1833. Secretary Robert Crittenden was instrumental in acquiring the final removal.
Jason Hallett, Professor of Sustainable Chemical Technology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom., speaking during the Session "Developing a Vaccine Revolution with Imperial College London" at the Annual Meeting 2019 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 24, 2019. Congress Centre - IdeasLab
Copyright by World Economic Forum / Mattias Nutt
Using pioneering new technologies in Superfoods and nutrition, CFTRI has developed amazing new products which are on show at CFTRI stall at Pragati Maidan:
· Chia and Quinoa based Chocolates and Laddoos;
· Omega-3 enriched ice-cream;
· Multigrain banana bar
· Fruit juice based carbonated drinks.
New Delhi, 24th November, 2016: CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), the premier national institute for food technology is exhibiting a range of new agri-products now grown in India, called Superfoods that bring health and nutrition best practices to everyday eating and living to the common man. The exhibits by CFTRI at the Trade Fair at Pragati Maidan in New Delhi both impress and surprise with the range and scope of their utility and potency.
The Indian population is presently going through a nutrition transition and there is an increase in incidence of diabetes, impaired heart health and obesity while there is still rampant malnutrition in the nation.
Keeping in mind an effective solution needed to address these concerns, CSIR-CFTRI is working on bringing Superfoods to the Indian population. CFTRI works on various facets of food technology, food processing, advanced nutrition, Superfoods and allied sciences. Superfoods are foods which have superior nutrition profiles which upon regular consumption can help improve health and wellness of the consumer.
CFTRI has developed the agro-technology for growing Superfoods viz. Chia and Quinoa in Indian conditions. Chia is the richest source of omega-3 fats from a vegetarian source and Quinoa has excellent protein quality and low glycemic load carbohydrates. Comprehensively, Chia and Quinoa have potential to improve population health and both blend seamlessly into traditional food preparations.
CSIR-CFTRI also infuses the spirit of entrepreneurship in their students. One of the doctoral students after completing her academic program started her own technology provider start-up company, Oleome Biosolutions Pvt Ltd. In a global first, CSIR-CFTRI in collaboration with Oleome, has developed a 100% vegetarian, Omega-3-enriched Ice cream called “Nutriice” using Chia oil.
CSIR-CFTRI is also in the process of the final phase of testing of diacylglycerol (DAG) oil, a unique cooking oil that has “Anti-Obesity” functionalities. One can consume it as part of daily regular diet and while the oil is available as energy but does not get stored as fat in our bodies. The final phase of human clinical trial is presently under progress.
CFTRI has also designed and developed snacks with advanced nutrition designs to support the nutrition needs of growing children. These have been implemented in the aganwadi levels to complement the existing government mid-day meal and will be scaled up soon. The products, such as Nutri Chikki with spirulina, rice beverage mix, high protein rusk, energy food, nutri sprinkle, seasame paste and fortified mango bars have been well received by the children and the anganwadis alike. Multi-grain Banana bar is a new addition to in this product portfolio.
Another exciting area of multidisciplinary research being done at CSIR-CFTRI is on nanotechnology, food technology and nutrition. Nanomaterials are known for their characteristic properties and CSIR-CFTRI is working on the use of nanoparticles for various applications. One of our interesting developments is the design and development of food packaging material with nanoparticles with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties to improve shelf-life of processed foods.
CSIR-CFTRI is also working on “Smart Foods” to answer specific needs of the consumer. These promising and specifically designed innovations are being developed for better sleep, better skin health, improved digestion, better cognitive performance and better stress management. The high science is brought into a simple food product, like a cereal bar which helps one to be more attentive over the day, or a unique dosa mix that helps in working out better at the gym with lower perceived exhaustion and even a special soup to help sleep better at night!
Speaking on the sidelines of the CSIR-CFTRI exhibition at Pragati Maidn, Prof. Ram Rajasekharan, Director, CFTRI said “Our mandate is to find innovative solutions to India agricultural and nutritional challenges. Our aim is to develop products to make Indian agriculture productive, efficient and at a consumer level gradually replace drugs with foods that will promote better health and wellness. We strive to deliver our best in improving food security and nutrition security, also developing a stronger, smarter and healthier India”.
About CSIR-CFTRI:
CSIR − Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore (A constituent laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi) came into existence during 1950 with the great vision of its founders, and a network of inspiring as well as dedicated scientists who had a fascination to pursue in-depth research and development in the areas of food science and technology.
CSIR-CFTRI is today a large and diversified laboratory headed by Prof. Ram Rajasekharan, Director, CSIR-CFTRI. Presently the institute has a great team of scientists, technologists, engineers, technicians, skilled workers, and support staff. There are seventeen research and development departments, including laboratories focusing on lipid science, molecular nutrition, food engineering, food biotechnology, microbiology, biochemistry, food safety etc.
The institute has designed over 300 products, processes, and equipment types. It holds several patents and has a large number of high impact peer reviewed journal articles to its credit. India is the world's second largest food grain, fruit and vegetable producer, and the institute is engaged in research and development in the production and handling of grains, pulses, oilseeds, spices, fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, and poultry.
The institute develops technologies to increase efficiency and reduce postharvest losses, add convenience, increase export, find new sources of food products, integrate human resources in food industries and develops solutions to improve the health and wellness of the population.
CFTRI has a vast portfolio of over 300 products, processes and equipment designs, and close to 4000 licensees have availed themselves of these technologies for commercial exploitation. The achievements have been of considerable industrial value, social importance and national relevance, and coupled with the institute's wide-ranging facilities and services, have created an extensive impact on the Indian food industry and Indian society at large.
©2013 / VG BildKunst
WAGNR RMX - Philipp Geist
WGNR rmx 2013 - PHILIPP GEIST
Light Installation / Video Mapping Installation
New City Hall Bayreuth from July 7th to August 28th On the occasion of Richard Wagner’s 200th birthday the Berlin artist Philipp Geist (1976) develops a comprehensive light and video mapping installation on the external walls of the New City Hall in Bayreuth over a period of 40 nights. The artist dismisses the use of screens and projects his artistic image and light projections directly onto the facade. The projection merges with the location and invites visitors to linger around the New City Hall. The art installation is going to be further developed and enhanced during the mentioned period.
The subject of the artistic installation is Richard Wagner and his works; images, words, quotes, and associations from his operas are artistically interpreted and incorporated into the installation. These terms and quotations from Wagner's operas are projected in a "carpet of words" and abstract verbal images on the facade. With his pictorial language the artist Philipp Geist develops his own artistic interpretation of Wagner's themes. Geist creates a dialog between the location, i.e. the New City Hall, the visitors, and the artistic works of Richard Wagner. In the process, the access to the "Wagner" topic is complex: On a first direct level, concepts and images of his major works will be displayed on the facade by means of the visual language of Philipp Geist. Visitors will be inspired by individual characters and scenes from the rich repertoire of fine arts, from paintings and illustrations, especially from the 19th century. However, the characters and scenes will be alienated and integrated into the abstract structures of Philipp Geist’s worlds of images. Known Wagner themes, such as fire, natural phenomenons, and symbols like the ring, the sword, and the storm as a mirror for the inner turmoil, can be re-experienced and emerge as quotes in the form of images. In this way the installation demonstrates connections in a non-narrative manner and thus admits a different modern and contemporary access to Wagner’s works.
In this manner the radiant face of the hero appears in order to darken and vanish in the next moment. The great void comes into sight through the building bathed in darkness symbolizing the fraud, the vile and the dark side existing in men.
A scenery appears for an instant to dissolve in a flash into a graphic pattern again. Pristine landscapes turn into pixels and remind the viewer of the actual romantic ideal.
The Rheingold shines and sparkles through a hinted blue surface of water to crumble to dust a moment later. Gray and white particles float over the facade; the material transience is almost palpable.
The symbolism of the colors is adopted from the works: white sails become black, and vice versa; for the contemporary video projection technology it is easy to decide instantly on fateful questions. The sails may also turn into colorful triangles and fly away over the facade as a graphic pattern. At the same time, it is the random and ludic character of the installation that lures out the tragic and borne nature of the Wagner pathos and allows viewers of any age to envision uncountable points of contact. The installation celebrates Wagner, but it also uncovers critical voices: polarizations like genius and kitsch clash together and cover the building as one, quotes as Wagner’s "Aber, aber, was sollen die Sentimentalitäten" [But for all that, what’s the point of all these sentimentalities] wander along the facade.
On another level the approaches followed by Wagner matter for Geist’s installation: Wagner crossed the boundaries between the different arts and contents. He allied image and sound, music and stories, symphony and legends. Also Geist’s installation is influenced by Crossover: the multimedia artist creates a synergetic work on the City Hall giving rise to images from texts and mixing the analog with the digital by painting with light and his computer
© 2013 Philipp Geist
Philipp Geist STUDIO | VIDEOGEIST
WAGNR RMX - Philipp Geist
Lichtinstallation / Video-Mapping-Installation
Bayreuth Neues Rathaus 20.07.2013 bis 28.08.2013
KONZEPT PHILIPP GEIST
Anlässlich des 200. Geburtstags von Richard Wagner entwickelt der Berliner Künstler Philipp Geist (1976) über den Zeitraum von 40 Abenden eine flächendeckende Licht- und Video-Mapping-Installation auf das Neue Rathaus in Bayreuth. Dabei verzichtet der Künstler auf den Einsatz von Leinwänden und projiziert seine künstlerischen Bild- und Lichtprojektionen direkt auf die Fassade. Die Projektion verschmilzt mit dem Ort und lädt Besucher zum Verweilen am Neuen Rathaus ein. Über den Zeitraum der Installation wird die künstlerische Installation weiterentwickelt und ergänzt. Inhalt der künstlerischen Installation ist Richard Wagner und sein Werk; Bilder, Begriffe, Zitate und Assoziationen aus seinen Opern werden künstlerisch interpretiert und in die Installation eingebaut. Dabei werden Begriffe und Zitate aus Wagners Opern als Wörterteppich und abstrakten Wort-Bilder auf die Fassade projiziert. Der Künstler Philipp Geist entwickelt mit seiner Bildsprache seine eigene künstlerische Interpretation der Wagner-Themen. Geist entwickelt einen Dialog zwischen dem Ort, also dem Neuen Rathaus, den Besuchern und dem künstlerischen Werk von Richard Wagner. Der Zugang zum Thema „Wagner“ ist dabei vielschichtig. Zum Einen auf einer ersten, direkten Ebene, werden Begriffe und Bilder seiner Hauptwerke in der Bildsprache von Philipp Geist auf der Fassade zu sehen sein. Einzelne Figuren und Szenen aus dem reichen Repertoire der Bildenden Kunst, aus Gemälden und Illustrationen v.a. aus dem 19. Jahrhundert werden dem Besucher begegnen. Sie werden jedoch verfremdet und in die abstrakten Strukturen von Philipp Geists Bilderwelten integriert. Bekannte Wagner-Themen wie das Feuer, Naturereignisse und Symbole wie der Ring, das Schwert, und den Sturm als Spiegel für die innere
Aufruhr werden neu erfahrbar gemacht und tauchen als Bildzitate in der Installation auf. Die Installation zeigt so in nicht narrativer Art Zusammenhänge auf und lässt somit einen anderen modernen und zeitgenössichen Zugang zu dem Werk Wagners zu. So erscheint das strahlende Gesicht des Helden, um sich im nächsten Moment zu verdüstern und zu verschwinden. Die große Leere erscheint durch das in Dunkel getauchte Gebäude und symbol- isiert den Betrug, das Niederträchtige und Düstere im Menschen. Eine Szenerie taucht auf, um gleich wieder in ein grafisches Muster zu zerfließen. Unberührte Landschaften werden zu Pixeln und führen dem Betrachter vor Augen, dass es sich um ein romantisches Ideal handelt. Das Rheingold strahlt und funkelt durch die blaue angedeutete Wasseroberfläche hindurch, um im nächsten Moment zu Staub zu zerfallen. Graue und weiße Partikel schweben über die Fassade, die materielle Vergänglichkeit wird geradezu greifbar. Die Symbolik der Farben wird aus dem Werk übernommen, weiße Segel werden zu schwarzen und umgekehrt, es ist der zeitgenössichen Videoprojektionstechnik ein Leichtes, ganze Schicksalsfragen zu entscheiden. Vielleicht werden die Segel auch zu bunten Dreiecken und fliegen als grafisches Muster über die Fassade davon. So ist auch das Zufällige und Spielerische Merkmal der Installation, die das Tragische und Getragene des Wagner-Pathos herausfordert und eine Vielzahl von Anknüpfungspunkten für das Publikum jeden Alters ermöglicht. Die Installation feiert Wagner, macht aber auch kritische Stimmen sichtbar: Polarisierungen wie „Genie“ und „Kitsch“ treffenen aufeinander und ziehen sich gemeinsam über das Gebäude, Zitate wie Wagners: „Aber, aber, was sollen die Sentimentalitäten“wandern die Fassade entlang. Auf einer weiteren Ebene werden die Ansätze, welche Wagner verfolgte, auch für Geists Installation von Bedeutung sein: Wagner überschritt die Grenzen der verschiedenen Künste und Inhalte. Er brachte Bild und Ton, Musik und Geschichten, Symphonie und Sagen zusammen. Auch die Installation von Geist ist geprägt vom Crossover: Der Multimedia-Künstler erschafft ein synergetisches Werk auf dem Rathaus, lässt aus Texten Bilder entstehen und mischt Analoges mit Digitalem, indem er mit Licht und dem Computer malt.
© 2013 Philipp Geist
Philipp Geist STUDIO | VIDEOGEIST
Studio Philipp Geist
Post Box (Postfach) 080311
10003 Berlin/ Germany
Leipziger Str. 6610117 Berlin Studio PHILIPP GEIST - Leipziger Str. 66 - 10117 Berlin
Jeffrey M. Drazen, Editor-in-Chief, New England Journal of Medicine, USA, speaking during the Session "Developing a Vaccine Revolution with Imperial College London" at the Annual Meeting 2019 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 24, 2019. Congress Centre - IdeasLab
Copyright by World Economic Forum / Mattias Nutt
Photography is a great passion and the use of film is the highlight of it. This is the photograph of the equipment necessary in order to develop black and white film.
It seems that just about every APS camera for sale on eBay has an undeveloped film inside it. This photo was taken on a Minolta Vectis S-100 by an unknown photographer on 9 July 2004 then it languished inside the camera until it was developed almost 11 years later in April 2015.
A storm develops in Montgomery County Missouri as it moves into Warren County. A bit more about how this photograph was captured.
Press L to see the big picture.
In early spring small maple flowers are transformed in a matter of days into winged seeds. I caught this maple tree in the action as its tiny red ovaries began to enlarge into seeds.
Maple flowers lack petals but they provide wonderful color when they are massed on the tree, reminiscent of the color maples provide in the winter.
Please join me in my blog “Botany Without Borders: Where Design Meets Science”
Assassin's Creed Origins is an action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. It is the tenth major installment in the Assassin's Creed series and the successor to 2015's Assassin's Creed Syndicate. It was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on October 27, 2017. The game is set in Ancient Egypt during the Ptolemaic period and recounts the secret fictional history of real-world events. The story explores the origins of the centuries-long conflict between the Brotherhood of Assassins, who fight for peace by promoting liberty and The Order of the Ancients—forerunners to the Templar Order—who desire peace through the forceful imposition of order. Origins received positive reviews from critics, who praised the story, voice acting, immersive world of Egypt and visuals, while criticizing some of the pacing and technical issues. Despite this, some critics called it the best installment of the series since 2013's Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag.
Robin Shattock, Chair, Mucosal Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, United Kingdom., speaking during the Session "Developing a Vaccine Revolution with Imperial College London" at the Annual Meeting 2019 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 24, 2019. Congress Centre - IdeasLab
Copyright by World Economic Forum / Mattias Nutt
nrhp # 74000401- The Brierfield Furnace site was developed in 1861 by Caswell Campbell Huckabee,[3] a Greensboro planter, and Jonathan Newton Smith, a Bibb County planter, on land purchased from Jesse Mahan near the Little Cahaba River, a tributary of the Cahaba. The endeavor was initially known as the Bibb County Iron Company, with Huckabee providing most of the capital and slave labor for construction. Richard Fell was employed to build a 36-foot-high (11 m) stone blast furnace and, in 1862, a rolling mill. The company produced cast iron initially, but soon changed over to the more lucrative production of wrought iron. The iron was used to produce farm implements.[4][5][6]
Recognizing the high quality of iron produced at Brierfield, Confederate officials forced the men to sell the ironworks to the government for $600,000 in 1863, renaming it the Bibb Naval Furnace.[3] A new 40-foot-high (12 m) brick furnace was built and a railroad line was constructed to connect the furnace to the mainline of the Alabama and Tennessee River Railroad. The output of the ironworks was then shipped to the Confederate arsenal at Selma. By 1864, the furnace was producing 25 tons of iron per day, much of which went into producing over 100 Brooke rifles ( a type of naval and coastal cannon), one of the South's most important weapons, at Selma. This all ended on March 31, 1865, when the Bibb Naval Furnace was destroyed by the 10th Missouri Volunteer Cavalry during Wilson's Raid.[3][4][5][6]
Following the war, the operation was rebuilt under the private ownership of the Canebrake Company. The new company, formed by former Confederates Josiah Gorgas[3] and Francis Strother Lyon, purchased the ironworks site from the Federal government for $45,000 in January 1866. They had the site back in production by November 2, 1866. In January 1867, Lyon turned the deed over to Gorgas, who became president of the newly formed Brierfield Ironworks. Gorgas leased the ironworks to Thomas S. Alvis on August 2, 1869. He ran the works until forced to close due to economic conditions following the Panic of 1873.[3][4][5]
The facilities were purchased and reactivated by William D. and Kearsley Carter, of Louisville, Kentucky, in 1877. By 1882, the operation was under the management of Thomas Jefferson Peter,[3] of Kansas. Peter had the furnace rebuilt and remodeled the rolling mill. He also had a nailery, coke ovens, and a washer built. However, at least partially due to the competition from cut-wire nails out of Pittsburgh, the ironworks finally closed for good in December 1894.[3][4][5]
In the years following the closure the site lay abandoned. During the World War II era thousands of bricks were scavenged from the site. In 1976, the Bibb County Commission created a park containing 45 acres (18 ha) at the urging of the Bibb County Historical Society. This initial effort has evolved over the years into what is now the Brierfield Ironworks Historical State Park.
from Wikipedia
The SC Neustar is a developed, designed and made in Singapore Integral Coach Bus.
The 11 buses in the initial Production Batch and were built with SC Chivalrous Bodywork are
PA1128P
PA1467K
PC6254P
PC6281K
PC6802H
PC6870K
PC6873C
PC6954C
PC6986K
PC7097U
PC7162P
Subsequent buses received a facelifted (FL) bodywork designed for the SC Neustar.
Some of the subsequent buses are
PC7742R
PC7758X
PC7861E
PC8022D
PC8023B
PC8024Z
PC8025X
PC8074D
PC8075B
PC8076Z
PC8077X
PC8958D
PC8960X
PC9375D
PC9584S
Buses owned by Gain City
PC2791G
PC4253E
PC4807H
PC8959B
PC8966E
PC9262X
Below you will find our collection of short inspirational quotes about strength. Strength does not come from winning. Your struggles develop your strengths. When you go through hardships and decide not to surrender, that is strength. There are two ways of exerting one’s strength: one is pushing down, the other is pulling up. The world breaks everyone, and afterward, some are strong at the broken places. All the adversity I’ve had in my life, all my troubles and obstacles, have strengthened me…. You may not realize it when it happens, but a kick in the teeth may be the best thing in the world for you. He who believes is strong; he who doubts is weak. Strong convictions precede great actions. A truly strong person does not need the approval of others any more than a lion needs the approval of sheep. 1. Calm mind brings inner strength and self-confidence. Dalai Lama 2. I realized that my strength was being different. Betsey Johnson 3. Growth is overrated. Endurance is underrated. Shane Parrish 4. Never give up. Great things take time. Frank Zane 5. If you have no struggles, you’ll have no strength. Tim Fargo 6. Strength doesn’t come from winning. Arnold Schwarzenegger Short Inspirational Quotes About Strength Short Inspirational Quotes About Strength With the new day comes new strength and new thoughts. Eleanor Roosevelt Mastering others is strength, mastering yourself is true power. Lao Tzu Fall seven times, stand up eight. Japanese proverb It is not the mountain we conquer but ourselves. Edmund Hillary Be patient and tough; someday this pain will be useful to you. Ovid Strength is a matter of a made up mind. John Beecher The more you care, the stronger you can be. Jim Rohn Do what is right, not what is easy. Roy T. Bennett I like criticism. It makes you strong. LeBron James Better to fight and fall than to live without hope. Volsunga The world breaks everyone, and afterward, some are strong at the broken places. – Ernest Hemingway Life is very interesting. In the end, some of your greatest pains become your greatest strengths. – Drew Barrymore Difficulties are meant to rouse, not discourage. The human spirit is to grow strong by conflict. – William Ellery Channing We are only as strong as we are united, as weak as we are divided. – J.K. Rowling People do not lack strength, they lack will. Victor Hugo Inspirational Quotes About Strength Only strength can cooperate. Weakness can only beg. Dwight D. Eisenhower As long as we persevere and endure, we can get anything we want. Mike Tyson I hated every minute of training, but I said, ‘Don’t quit. Suffer now and live the rest of your life as a champion. Muhammad Ali Failure gave me strength. Pain was my motivation. Michael Jordan Where there is no struggle, there is no strength. Oprah Winfrey Kites rise highest against the wind – not with it. Winston ChurchillBooker T. Washington Scar tissue is stronger than regular tissue. Realize the strength, move on. Henry Rollins Problems are messages. Shakti Gawain No one saves us but ourselves. No one can and no one may. We ourselves must walk the path. Buddha You never know how strong you are, until being strong is your only choice. Bob Marley Short Inspirational Quotes About Strength Short Inspirational Quotes About Strength Silence is a source of great strength. Lao Tzu The past is your lesson. The present is your gift. The future is your motivation. Unknown Shallow men believe in luck. Strong men believe in cause and effect. Ralph Waldo Emerson I love those who can smile in trouble, who can gather strength from distress, and grow brave by reflection. Leonardo da Vinci When you have exhausted all possibilities, remember this: you haven’t. Thomas A. Edison Success in golf depends less on strength of body than upon strength of mind and character. Arnold Palmer Life is 10% what happens to me and 90% of how I react to it. John C. Maxwell Don’t give up the fight. Stand up for your rights. Bob Marley That which does not kill us makes us stronger. Friedrich Nietzsche Some of us think holding on makes us strong; but sometimes it is letting go. Hermann Hesse Being deeply loved by someone gives you strength, while loving someone deeply gives you courage. – Lao Tzu Nothing is more beautiful than the smile that has struggled through the tears. – Demi Lovato The harder you fall, the heavier your heart; the heavier your heart, the stronger you climb; the stronger you climb, the higher your pedestal. – Criss Jami Life is truly known only to those who suffer, lose, endure adversity and stumble from defeat to defeat. Anais Nin There are two ways of exerting one’s strength: one is pushing down, the other is pulling up. This is no time for ease and comfort. It is time to dare and endure. Winston Churchill Be sure you put your feet in the right place, then stand firm. Abraham Lincoln Out of suffering have emerged the strongest souls; the most massive characters are seared with scars. – Khalil Gibran One’s dignity may be assaulted, vandalized and cruelly mocked, but it can never be taken away unless it is surrendered. – Michael J. Fox Amazing Quotes About Life & Life Slogans Best Quotation for Life & Cool Quotes About Life The post Short Inspirational Quotes About Strength appeared first on Quotesing.
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Near Xenia, Ohio is this developing thunderstorm. By the time it was fully developed 15 minutes later, it was already south near Hillsboro, Ohio on June 23, 2016.
(Lanius collurio)
The Red-backed Shrike inhabits low thorny scrub with small and medium sized trees in semi-open landscapes, often near water. It's name derives from this species impaling its prey on thorns or barbed-wire spikes to keep them in its 'larder'.
People used to mistakenly believe that it always impaled nine insects before eating one! Hence in Europe, the Germanic name Neuntöter (Nine killer) is used. Butcher bird is also a common name.
Red-backed Shrikes and other shrike species have evolved with exceptional eyesight and are considered by some as 'mini' raptors. They also have sharp talons for holding their prey.
*Ornithologists have long known that shrikes impale their prey, no one knew for certain how these songbirds managed to catch and kill relatively large vertebrates. A new analysis of high-speed video footage in the US with Loggerhead Shrikes finally reveals the answer: They grasp mice by the neck with their pointed beak, pinch the spinal cord to induce paralysis, and then vigorously shake their prey with enough force to break its neck.
*https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0321
The adult male has pale grey crown, nape, rump and uppertail-coverts, and chestnut mantle, back and scapulars. The upperwing is blackish with chestnut-edged feathers. There is sometimes a small, white wing patch at primaries’ bases.
The tail is black but the central pair of rectrices has white base, whereas the outer pairs show white outer webs. The black terminal bands on other tail feathers form an inverted T visible in flight.
On the underparts, chin and throat are white. Rest of underparts is pale salmon-pink. The undertail-coverts are white.
I saw a photo of an Apache coiled basket, and realized the motif could be adapted for use in tapestry crochet. The interplay between positive and negative spaces was endlessly fascinating. I use this basket to hold all my crochet hooks
A variation of the smart waterbomb. (Jun Mitani got me thinking about this again.) Reminds me of the seed pods you see on poppy stems.
Weymouth originated as a settlement on a constricted site to the south and west of Weymouth Harbour, an outlying part of Wyke Regis. The town developed from the mid 12th century onwards, but was not noted until the 13th century. By 1252 it was established as a seaport and became a chartered borough. Melcombe Regis developed separately on the peninsula to the north of the harbour; it was mentioned as a licensed wool port in 1310. French raiders found the port so accessible that in 1433 the staple was transferred to Poole. Melcombe Regis is thought to be the first port at which the Black Death came into England in June 1348, possibly either aboard a spice ship or an army ship. In their early history Weymouth and Melcombe Regis were rivals for trade and industry, but the towns were united in an Act of Parliament in 1571 to form a double borough. Both towns have become known as Weymouth, despite Melcombe Regis being the main centre. The villages of Upwey, Broadwey, Preston, Wyke Regis, Chickerell, Southill, Radipole and Littlemoor have become part of the built-up area.
King Henry VIII had two Device Forts built to protect the south Dorset coast from invasion in the 1530's: Sandsfoot Castle in Wyke Regis and Portland Castle in Castletown. Parts of Sandsfoot have fallen into the sea due to coastal erosion. During the English Civil War, around 250 people were killed in the local Crabchurch Conspiracy in February 1645. In 1635, on board the ship Charity, around 100 emigrants from the town crossed the Atlantic Ocean and settled in Weymouth, Massachusetts. More townspeople emigrated to the Americas to bolster the population of Weymouth, Nova Scotia and Salem, Massachusetts; then called Naumking. There are memorials to this on the side of Weymouth Harbour and near Weymouth Pavilion and Weymouth Sea Life Tower. The architect Sir Christopher Wren was the Member of Parliament for Weymouth in 1702, and controlled nearby Portland's quarries from 1675 to 1717. When he designed St Paul's Cathedral, Wren had it built out of Portland Stone, the famous stone of Portland's quarries. Sir James Thornhill was born in the White Hart public house in Melcombe Regis and became the town's MP in 1722. Thornhill became an artist, and coincidentally decorated the interior of St Paul's Cathedral.
The resort is between the first modern tourist destinations, after King George III's, brother the Duke of Gloucester built a grand residence there, Gloucester Lodge, and passed the mild winter there in 1780; the King made Weymouth his summer holiday residence on fourteen occasions between 1789 and 1805, even venturing into the sea in a bathing machine. A painted statue of the King stands on the seafront, called the King's Statue, which was renovated in 2007/8 by stripping 20 layers of paintwork, replacing it with new paints and gold leaf, and replacing the iron framework with a stainless steel one. A mounted white horse representing the King is carved into the chalk hills of Osmington. Weymouth's esplanade is comprised of Georgian terraces, which have been converted into apartments, shops, hotels and guest houses. The buildings were constructed in the Georgian and Regency periods between 1770 and 1855, designed by architects such as James Hamilton, and were commissioned by wealthy businesspeople, including those that were involved in the growth of Bath. These terraces form a long, continuous arc of buildings which face Weymouth Bay along the esplanade, which also features the multi-coloured Jubilee Clock, erected in 1887 to mark the 50th year of Queen Victoria's reign. Statues of Victoria, George III and Sir Henry Edwards, Member of Parliament for the borough from 1867 to 1885, and two war memorials stand along the Esplanade.
In the centre of the town lies Weymouth Harbour; although it was the reason for the town's foundation, the harbour separates the two areas of Melcombe Regis ( the main town centre ) and Weymouth ( the southern harbour side ) from each other. Since the 18th century they have been linked by successive bridges over the narrowest part of the harbour. The present Town Bridge, built in 1930, is a lifting bascule bridge allowing boats to reach the inner harbour. The Royal National Lifeboat Institution stationed a lifeboat at Weymouth for the first time on 26 January 1869. A boathouse was built with a slipway by the harbour and is still in use, although the lifeboat is now moored at a pontoon.
I visited this Fort on the 4th August 2017 and was surprised by the layout and the interesting exhibits found here at this unusual and well maintained Fort. Nothe Fort is a fort in Weymouth, Dorset, England. The fort is situated at the end of the Nothe Peninsula, which juts eastwards from the town of Weymouth, and Weymouth Harbour, into the sea to the north of ex-military Portland Harbour. The fort is located next to Nothe Gardens. The coastal defence was built between 1860 and 1872 by 26 Company of the Royal Engineers to protect Portland's harbour, which was then becoming an important Royal Navy base. Shaped like the letter D, the fort's guns covered the approaches to both Portland and Weymouth harbours. The design included bomb-proof casemates for cannons arranged around the circular sides, and deep magazines beneath the straight, landward side. The fort played an important role in World War II, when the harbour was used as base by the British and American navies.
In 1956 the fort was abandoned, and in 1961 the local council purchased it. It is now a museum. The fort remains one of the best-preserved forts of its kind in the country, and the fort and its outer gateway has been a Grade II listed building since June 1974. Its fusee steps have been Grade II listed since November 2000. These are located within Nothe Gardens, linking the car park area down to the Nothe Parade – the quay of Weymouth's Harbour. The inclined tramway and steps were built circa 1860. The three flights of steps include a low flanking wall of rendered brick, on which are placed wrought-iron plate rails, forming an inclined tramway for trolleys with double-flange wheels. It was constructed for hauling trolleys transporting ammunition, spares and stores from the quay to Nothe Fort. In October 1978, the Nothe Fort, tramway and searchlight battery at The Nothe, also became scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as they appeared to the Secretary of State to be of national importance.