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A contribution to the Getty Museum Challenge.
Table and Cat in a hat each folded from a square of paper (no cut, no glue).
A contribution to Thorsten Bonsch's (Xenomurphy) Batman - Arkham Asylum build.
The design of this vehicle was inspired by the graphic novel Batman: Nine Lives published by DC Comics in 2002, written by Dean Motter, with art by Michael Lark.
See more of the amazing Batman - Arkham Asylum creation here: www.flickr.com/photos/xenomurphy/10581191764/
My contribution for Octrainber 2021 "Critters" is a small modern shunter "Robot DER 100" by Vollert operating for Leonhard Weiss. It uses Bluetooth controlled Circuitcube motors for drive and decoupling.
My second contribution to the Kaliphlin at Work collab over in the Guilds of Historica. It was fun creating another immersive scene, this time making use of our newly acquired dark orange and medium dark flesh tiles for the courtyard.
While continuing his travels through Kaliphlin, Nym found work at a wealthy Lord’s estate tending to his gardens, in exchange for food and lodging. And of course, Nym could never say no to gardening work! He gladly accepted the position, and immediately began tending the plants – watering them, making sure the beds were completely devoid of any weeds, and harvesting fruits and vegetables when necessary.
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La Cattedrale di Santa Maria Fiore - Duomo, Firenze (Florença)
www.google.com/maps?q=florença%20italia&layer=c&...
Following, a text, in english, from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia:
The Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore (English: Basilica of Saint Mary of the Flower) is the cathedral church of Florence, Italy. The Duomo, as it is ordinarily called, was begun in 1296 in the Gothic style to the design of Arnolfo di Cambio and completed structurally in 1436 with the dome engineered by Filippo Brunelleschi. The exterior of the basilica is faced with polychrome marble panels in various shades of green and pink bordered by white and has an elaborate 19th century Gothic Revival façade by Emilio De Fabris.
The cathedral complex, located in Piazza del Duomo, includes the Baptistery and Giotto's Campanile. The three buildings are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site covering the historic centre of Florence and are a major attraction to tourists visiting the region of Tuscany. The basilica is one of Italy's largest churches, and until development of new structural materials in the modern era, the dome was the largest in the world. It remains the largest brick dome ever constructed.
The cathedral is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence, whose archbishop is currently Giuseppe Betori.
he Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore was built on the site of an earlier cathedral dedicated to Saint Reparata.[1] The ancient building, founded in the early 5th century and having undergone many repairs, was crumbling with age, as attested in the 14th century Nuova Cronica of Giovanni Villani,[2] and was no longer large enough to serve the growing population of the city.[2] Other major Tuscan cities had undertaken ambitious reconstructions of their cathedrals during the Late Medieval period, as seen at Pisa and particularly Siena where the enormous proposed extensions were never completed.
The new church was designed by Arnolfo di Cambio and approved by city council in 1294. Arnolfo di Cambio was also architect of the church of Santa Croce and the Palazzo Vecchio. He designed three wide naves ending under the octagonal dome, with the middle nave covering the area of Santa Reparata. The first stone was laid on September 9, 1296 by Cardinal Valeriana, the first papal legate ever sent to Florence. The building of this vast project was to last 170 years, the collective efforts of several generations; Arnolfo's plan for the eastern end, although maintained in concept, was greatly expanded in size.
After Arnolfo died in 1302, work on the cathedral slowed for the following thirty years. The project obtained new impetus, when the relics of Saint Zenobius were discovered in 1330 in Santa Reparata. In 1331, the Arte della Lana, the [=[Guilds of Florence|guild of wool merchants]], took over exclusive patronage for the construction of the cathedral and in 1334 appointed Giotto to oversee the work. Assisted by Andrea Pisano, Giotto continued di Cambio's design. His major accomplishment was the building of the campanile. When Giotto died in 1337, Andrea Pisano continued the building until work was again halted due to the Black PDeath in 1348.
In 1349 work resumed on the cathedral under a series of architects, commencing with Francesco Talenti, who finished the campanile and enlarged the overall project to include the apse and the side chapels. In 1359 Talenti was succeeded by Giovanni di Lapo Ghini (1360–1369) who divided the center nave in four square bays. Other architects were Alberto Arnoldi, Giovanni d'Ambrogio, Neri di Fioravante and Andrea Orcagna. By 1375 the old church Santa Reparata was pulled down. The nave was finished by 1380, and by 1418 only the dome remained incomplete.
On 19 August 1418, the Arte della Lana announced a structural design competition for erecting Neri's dome. The two main competitors were two master goldsmiths, Lorenzo Ghiberti and Filippo Brunelleschi, who was supported by Cosimo de Medici. Ghiberti had been winner of a competition for a pair of bronze doors for the Baptistery in 1401 and lifelong competition between the two remained acute. Brunelleschi won and received the commission.[3]
Ghiberti, appointed coadjutator, was drawing a salary equal to Brunelleschi's and, though neither was awarded the announced prize of 200 florins, would potentially earn equal credit, while spending most of his time on other projects. When Brunelleschi became ill, or feigned illness, the project was briefly in the hands of Ghiberti. But Ghiberti soon had to admit that the whole project was beyond him. In 1423 Brunelleschi was back in charge and took over sole responsibility.[4]
Work started on the dome in 1420 and was completed in 1436. The cathedral was consecrated by Pope Eugene IV on March 25, 1436 (the first day of the year according to the Florentine calendar). It was the first 'octagonal' dome in history to be built without a temporary wooden supporting frame: the Roman Pantheon, a circular dome, was built in 117–128 AD with support structures. It was one of the most impressive projects of the Renaissance. During the consecration service in 1436, Guillaume Dufay's similarly unique motet Nuper rosarum flores was performed. The structure of this motet was strongly influenced by the structure of the dome.
The decoration of the exterior of the cathedral, begun in the 14th century, was not completed until 1887, when the polychrome marble façade was completed to the design of Emilio De Fabris. The floor of the church was relaid in marble tiles in the 16th century.
The exterior walls are faced in alternate vertical and horizontal bands of polychrome marble from Carrara (white), Prato (green), Siena (red), Lavenza and a few other places. These marble bands had to repeat the already existing bands on the walls of the earlier adjacent baptistery the Battistero di San Giovanni and Giotto's Bell Tower. There are two lateral doors, the Doors of the Canonici (south side) and the Door of the Mandorla (north side) with sculptures by Nanni di Banco, Donatello, and Jacopo della Quercia. The six lateral windows, notable for their delicate tracery and ornaments, are separated by pilasters. Only the four windows closest to the transept admit light; the other two are merely ornamental. The clerestory windows are round, a common feature in Italian Gothic.
During its long history, this cathedral has been the seat of the Council of Florence (1439), heard the preachings of Girolamo Savonarola and witnessed the murder of Giuliano di Piero de' Medici on Sunday, 26 April 1478 (with Lorenzo Il Magnifico barely escaping death) in the Pazzi conspiracy.
Exterior
Plan and structure
The cathedral of Florence is built as a basilica, having a wide central nave of four square bays, with an aisle on either side. The chancel and transepts are of identical polygonal plan, separated by two smaller polygonal chapels. The whole plan forms a Latin cross. The nave and aisles are separated by wide pointed Gothic arches resting on composite piers.
The dimensions of the building are enormous: length 153 metres (502 ft), width 38 metres (124 ft), width at the crossing 90 metres (295 ft). The height of the arches in the aisles is 23 metres (75 ft). The height from pavement to the opening of the lantern in the dome is also 90 metres (295 ft).
Dome
By the beginning of the fifteenth century, after a hundred years of construction, the structure was still missing its dome. The basic features of the dome had been designed by Arnolfo di Cambio in 1296. His brick model, 4.6 metres (15 ft) high 9.2 metres (30 ft) long, was standing in a side isle of the unfinished building, and had long ago become sacrosanct.[5] It called for an octagonal dome higher and wider than any that had ever been built, with no external buttresses to keep it from spreading and falling under its own weight.
The Duomo viewed from the heights of Piazzale Michelangelo
The commitment to reject traditional Gothic buttresses had been made when Neri di Fioravante's model was chosen over a competing one by Giovanni di Lapo Ghini.[6] That architectural choice, in 1367, was one of the first events of the Italian Renaissance, marking a break with the Medieval Gothic style and a return to the classic Mediterranean dome. Italian architects regarded Gothic flying buttresses as ugly makeshifts, in addition to being a style favored by central Italy's traditional enemies to the north.[7] Neri's model depicted a massive inner dome, open at the top to admit light, like Rome's Pantheon, but enclosed in a thinner outer shell, partly supported by the inner dome, to keep out the weather. It was to stand on an unbuttressed octagonal drum. Neri's dome would need an internal defense against spreading (hoop stress), but none had yet been designed.
The building of such a masonry dome posed many technical problems. Brunelleschi looked to the great dome of the Pantheon in Rome for solutions. The dome of the Pantheon is a single shell of concrete, the formula for which had long since been forgotten. A wooden form had held the Pantheon dome aloft while its concrete set, but for the height and breadth of the dome designed by Neri, starting 52 metres (171 ft) above the floor and spanning 44 metres (144 ft), there was not enough timber in Tuscany to build the scaffolding and forms.[8] Brunelleschi chose to follow such design and employed a double shell, made of sandstone and marble. Brunelleschi would have to build the dome out of bricks, due to its light weight compared to stone and easier to form, and with nothing under it during construction. To illustrate his proposed structural plan, he constructed a wooden and brick model with the help of Donatello and Nanni di Banco and still displayed in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo. The model served as a guide for the craftsmen, but was intentionally incomplete, so as to ensure Brunelleschi's control over the construction.
Brunelleschi's solutions were ingenious. The spreading problem was solved by a set of four internal horizontal stone and iron chains, serving as barrel hoops, embedded within the inner dome: one each at the top and bottom, with the remaining two evenly spaced between them. A fifth chain, made of wood, was placed between the first and second of the stone chains. Since the dome was octagonal rather than round, a simple chain, squeezing the dome like a barrel hoop, would have put all its pressure on the eight corners of the dome. The chains needed to be rigid octagons, stiff enough to hold their shape, so as not to deform the dome as they held it together.
Each of Brunelleschi's stone chains was built like an octagonal railroad track with parallel rails and cross ties, all made of sandstone beams 43 centimetres (17 in) in diameter and no more than 2.3 metres (7.5 ft) long. The rails were connected end-to-end with lead-glazed iron splices. The cross ties and rails were notched together and then covered with the bricks and mortar of the inner dome. The cross ties of the bottom chain can be seen protruding from the drum at the base of the dome. The others are hidden. Each stone chain was supposed to be reinforced with a standard iron chain made of interlocking links, but a magnetic survey conducted in the 1970s failed to detect any evidence of iron chains, which if they exist are deeply embedded in the thick masonry walls. He was also able to accomplish this by setting vertical "ribs" on the corners of the octagon curving towards the center point. The ribs had slits, where platforms could be erected out of and work could progressively continue as they worked up,a system for scaffolding.[9]
A circular masonry dome, such as that of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul can be built without supports, called centering, because each course of bricks is a horizontal arch that resists compression. In Florence, the octagonal inner dome was thick enough for an imaginary circle to be embedded in it at each level, a feature that would hold the dome up eventually, but could not hold the bricks in place while the mortar was still wet. Brunelleschi used a herringbone brick pattern to transfer the weight of the freshly laid bricks to the nearest vertical ribs of the non-circular dome.[10]
The outer dome was not thick enough to contain embedded horizontal circles, being only 60 centimetres (2 ft) thick at the base and 30 centimetres (1 ft) thick at the top. To create such circles, Brunelleschi thickened the outer dome at the inside of its corners at nine different elevations, creating nine masonry rings, which can be observed today from the space between the two domes. To counteract hoop stress, the outer dome relies entirely on its attachment to the inner dome at its base; it has no embedded chains.[11]
A modern understanding of physical laws and the mathematical tools for calculating stresses was centuries into the future. Brunelleschi, like all cathedral builders, had to rely on intuition and whatever he could learn from the large scale models he built. To lift 37,000 tons of material, including over 4 million bricks, he invented hoisting machines and lewissons for hoisting large stones. These specially designed machines and his structural innovations were Brunelleschi's chief contribution to architecture. Although he was executing an aesthetic plan made half a century earlier, it is his name, rather than Neri's, that is commonly associated with the dome.
Brunelleschi's ability to crown the dome with a lantern was questioned and he had to undergo another competition. He was declared the winner over his competitors Lorenzo Ghiberti and Antonio Ciaccheri. His design was for an octagonal lantern with eight radiating buttresses and eight high arched windows (now on display in the Museum Opera del Duomo). Construction of the lantern was begun a few months before his death in 1446. Then, for 15 years, little progress was possible, due to alterations by several architects. The lantern was finally completed by Brunelleschi's friend Michelozzo in 1461. The conical roof was crowned with a gilt copper ball and cross, containing holy relics, by Verrocchio in 1469. This brings the total height of the dome and lantern to 114.5 metres (375 ft). This copper ball was struck by lightning on 17 July 1600 and fell down. It was replaced by an even larger one two years later.
The commission for this bronze ball [atop the lantern] went to the sculptor Andrea del Verrocchio, in whose workshop there was at this time a young apprentice named Leonardo da Vinci. Fascinated by Filippo's [Brunelleschi's] machines, which Verrocchio used to hoist the ball, Leonardo made a series of sketches of them and, as a result, is often given credit for their invention.[12]
Leonardo might have also participated in the design of the bronze ball, as stated in the G manuscript of Paris "Remember the way we soldered the ball of Santa Maria del Fiore".[13]
The decorations of the drum gallery by Baccio d'Agnolo were never finished after being disapproved by no one less than Michelangelo.
A huge statue of Brunelleschi now sits outside the Palazzo dei Canonici in the Piazza del Duomo, looking thoughtfully up towards his greatest achievement, the dome that would forever dominate the panorama of Florence. It is still the largest masonry dome in the world.[14]
The building of the cathedral had started in 1296 with the design of Arnolfo di Cambio and was completed in 1469 with the placing of Verrochio's copper ball atop the lantern. But the façade was still unfinished and would remain so until the nineteenth century.
Façade
Façade of the cathedral
The original façade, designed by Arnolfo di Cambio and usually attributed to Giotto, was actually begun twenty years after Giotto's death.[citation needed] A mid-15th century pen-and-ink drawing of this so-called Giotto's façade is visible in the Codex Rustici, and in the drawing of Bernardino Poccetti in 1587, both on display in the Museum of the Opera del Duomo. This façade was the collective work of several artists, among them Andrea Orcagna and Taddeo Gaddi. This original façade was only completed in its lower portion and then left unfinished. It was dismantled in 1587-1588 by the Medici court architect Bernardo Buontalenti, ordered by Grand Duke Francesco I de' Medici, as it appeared totally outmoded in Renaissance times. Some of the original sculptures are on display in the Museum Opera del Duomo, behind the cathedral. Others are now in the Berlin Museum and in the Louvre. The competition for a new façade turned into a huge corruption scandal. The wooden model for the façade of Buontalenti is on display in the Museum Opera del Duomo. A few new designs had been proposed in later years but the models (of Giovanni Antonio Dosio, Giovanni de' Medici with Alessandro Pieroni and Giambologna) were not accepted. The façade was then left bare until the 19th century.
Main portal of the cathedral
In 1864, a competition was held to design a new façade and was won by Emilio De Fabris (1808–1883) in 1871. Work began in 1876 and completed in 1887. This neo-gothic façade in white, green and red marble forms a harmonious entity with the cathedral, Giotto's bell tower and the Baptistery, but some think it is excessively decorated.
The whole façade is dedicated to the Mother of Christ.
Main portal
The three huge bronze doors date from 1899 to 1903. They are adorned with scenes from the life of the Madonna. The mosaics in the lunettes above the doors were designed by Niccolò Barabino. They represent (from left to right): Charity among the founders of Florentine philanthropic institutions, Christ enthroned with Mary and John the Baptist, and Florentine artisans, merchants and humanists. The pediment above the central portal contains a half-relief by Tito Sarrocchi of Mary enthroned holding a flowered scepter. Giuseppe Cassioli sculpted the right hand door.
On top of the façade is a series of niches with the twelve Apostles with, in the middle, the Madonna with Child. Between the rose window and the tympanum, there is a gallery with busts of great Florentine artists.
Interior
The Gothic interior is vast and gives an empty impression. The relative bareness of the church corresponds with the austerity of religious life, as preached by Girolamo Savonarola.
Many decorations in the church have been lost in the course of time, or have been transferred to the Museum Opera del Duomo, such as the magnificent cantorial pulpits (the singing galleries for the choristers) of Luca della Robbia and Donatello.
As this cathedral was built with funds from the public, some important works of art in this church honour illustrious men and military leaders of Florence:
Dante Before the City of Florence by Domenico di Michelino (1465). This painting is especially interesting because it shows us, apart from scenes of the Divine Comedy, a view on Florence in 1465, a Florence such as Dante himself could not have seen in his time.
Funerary Monument to Sir John Hawkwood by Paolo Uccello (1436). This almost monochrome fresco, transferred on canvas in the 19th c., is painted in terra verde, a color closest to the patina of bronze.
Equestrian statue of Niccolò da Tolentino by Andrea del Castagno (1456). This fresco, transferred on canvas in the 19th c., in the same style as the previous one, is painted in a color resembling marble. However, it is more richly decorated and gives more the impression of movement. Both frescoes portray the condottieri as heroic figures riding triumphantly. Both painters had problems when applying in painting the new rules of perspective to foreshortening: they used two unifying points, one for the horse and one for the pedestal, instead a single unifying point.
Busts of Giotto (by Benedetto da Maiano), Brunelleschi (by Buggiano - 1447), Marsilio Ficino, and Antonio Squarcialupi (a most famous organist). These busts all date from the 15th and the 16th century.
Above the main door is the colossal clock face with fresco portraits of four Prophets or Evangelists by Paolo Uccello (1443). This one-handed liturgical clock shows the 24 hours of the hora italica (Italian time), a period of time ending with sunset at 24 hours. This timetable was used till the 18th century. This is one of the few clocks from that time that still exist and are in working order.
The church is particularly notable for its 44 stained glass windows, the largest undertaking of this kind in Italy in the 14th and 15th century. The windows in the aisles and in the transept depict saints from the Old and the New Testament, while the circular windows in the drum of the dome or above the entrance depict Christ and Mary. They are the work of the greatest Florentine artists of their times, such as Donatello, Lorenzo Ghiberti, Paolo Uccello and Andrea del Castagno.
Christ crowning Mary as Queen, the stained-glass circular window above the clock, with a rich range of coloring, was designed by Gaddo Gaddi in the early 14th century.
Donatello designed the stained-glass window (Coronation of the Virgin) in the drum of the dome (the only one that can be seen from the nave).
The beautiful funeral monument of Antonio d'Orso (1323), bishop of Florence, was made by Tino da Camaino, the most important funeral sculptor of his time.
The monumental crucifix, behind the Bishop's Chair at the high altar, is by Benedetto da Maiano (1495–1497). The choir enclosure is the work of the famous Bartolommeo Bandinelli. The ten-paneled bronze doors of the sacristy were made by Luca della Robbia, who has also two glazed terracotta works inside the sacristy: Angel with Candlestick and Resurrection of Christ.
In the back of the middle of the three apses is the altar of Saint Zanobius, first bishop of Florence. Its silver shrine, a masterpiece of Ghiberti, contains the urn with his relics. The central compartment shows us one his miracles, the reviving of a dead child. Above this shrine is the painting Last Supper by the lesser-known Giovanni Balducci. There was also a glass-paste mosaic panel The Bust of Saint Zanobius by the 16th century miniaturist Monte di Giovanni, but it is now on display in the Museum Opera del Duomo.
Many decorations date from the 16th-century patronage of the Grand Dukes, such as the pavement in colored marble, attributed to Baccio d'Agnolo and Francesco da Sangallo (1520–26). Some pieces of marble from the façade were used, topside down, in the flooring (as was shown by the restoration of the floor after the 1966 flooding).
It was suggested that the interior of the 45 metre (147 ft) wide dome should be covered with a mosaic decoration to make the most of the available light coming through the circular windows of the drum and through the lantern. Brunelleschi had proposed the vault to glimmer with resplendent gold, but his death in 1446 put an end to this project, and the walls of the dome were whitewashed. Grand Duke Cosimo I de' Medici decided to have the dome painted with a representation of The Last Judgment. This enormous work, 3,600 metres² (38 750 ft²) of painted surface, was started in 1568 by Giorgio Vasari and Federico Zuccari and would last till 1579. The upper portion, near the lantern, representing The 24 Elders of Apoc. 4 was finished by Vasari before his death in 1574. Federico Zuccari and a number of collaborators, such as Domenico Cresti, finished the other portions: (from top to bottom) Choirs of Angels; Christ, Mary and Saints; Virtues, Gifts of the Holy Spirit and Beatitudes; and at the bottom of the cuppola: Capital Sins and Hell. These frescoes are considered Zuccari's greatest work. But the quality of the work is uneven because of the input of different artists and the different techniques. Vasari had used true fresco, while Zuccari had painted in secco. During the restoration work ended in 1995, the entire pictorial cycle of the The Last Judgment was photographed with specially designed equipment and all the information collected in a catalogue. All the restoration information along with reconstructed images of the frescos were stored and managed in the Thesaurus Florentinus computer system.
Crypt
The cathedral underwent difficult excavations between 1965 and 1974. The subterranean vaults were used for the burial of Florentine bishops throughout the centuries.
Recently[when?] the archaeological history of this huge area was reconstructed through the work of Dr Franklin Toker: remains of Roman houses, an early Christian pavement, ruins of the former cathedral of Santa Reparata and successive enlargements of this church. Close to the entrance, in the part of the crypt open to the public, is the tomb of Brunelleschi. While its location is prominent, the actual tomb is simple and humble. That the architect was permitted such a prestigious burial place is proof of the high esteem he was given by the Florentines.
Also buried in the former cathedral of Santa Reparata was Conrad II of Italy.
A seguir, um texto, em português, da Wikipédia a Enciclopédia Livre:
A Basílica di Santa Maria del Fiore é a catedral, ou Duomo[1], da Arquidiocese da Igreja Católica Romana de Florença. Notabilizada por sua monumental cúpula - obra do celebrado arquiteto renascentista Brunelleschi - e pelo campanário, de Giotto, é uma das obras da arte gótica e da primeira renascença italiana, considerada de fundamenal importância para a História da Arquitetura, registro da riqueza e do poder da capital da Toscana nos séculos XIII e XIV. Seu nome (cuja tradução é Santa Maria da Flor) parece referir-se ao lilium, símbolo de Florença, mas, documento [2] do Século XV, por outro lado, informa que “flor”, no caso, refere a Cristo.
História
O Duomo de Florença, como o vemos hoje, é o resultado de um trabalho que se estendeu por seis séculos. Seu projeto básico foi elaborado por Arnolfo di Cambio no final do século XIII, sua cúpula é obra de Filippo Brunelleschi, e sua fachada teve de esperar até o século XIX para ser concluída. Ao longo deste tempo uma série de intervenções estruturais e decorativas no exterior e interior enriqueceriam o monumento, dentre elas a construção de duas sacristias e a execução de esculturas e afrescos por Paolo Uccello, Andrea del Castagno, Giorgio Vasari e Federico Zuccari, autor do Juízo Final no interior da cúpula. Foi construída no lugar da antiga catedral dedicada a Santa Reparata, que funcionou durante nove séculos até ser demolida completamente em 1375.
Em 1293, durante a República Florentina, o notário Ser Mino de Cantoribus sugeriu a substituição de Santa Reparata por uma catedral ainda maior e mais magnificente, de tal forma que "a indústria e o poder do homem não pudessem inventar ou mesmo tentar nada maior ou mais belo", e estava preparado para finaciar a construção. Entretanto, esperava-se que a população contribuísse, e todos os testamentos passaram a incluir uma cláusula de doação para as obras. O projeto foi confiado a Arnolfo em 1294, e ele cerimoniosamente lançou a pedra fundamental em 8 de setembro de 1296.
Arnolfo trabalhou na construção até 1302, ano de sua morte, e embora o estilo dominante da época fosse o gótico, seu projeto foi concebido com uma grandiosiddade clássica. Arnolfo só pôde trabalhar em duas capelas e na fachada, que ele teve tempo de completar e decorar só em parte. Com a morte do arquiteto o trabalho de construção sofreu uma parada. Um novo impulso foi dado quando em 1330 foi descoberto o corpo de São Zenóbio em Santa Reparata, que ainda estava parcialmente de pé. Giotto di Bondone então foi indicado supervisor em 1334, e mesmo que não tivesse muito tempo de vida (morreu em 1337) ele decidiu concentrar suas energias na construção do campanário. Giotto foi sucedido por Andrea Pisano até 1348, quando a peste reduziu a população da cidade de 90 mil para 45 mil habitantes.
Sob Francesco Talenti, supervisor entre 1349 e 1359, o campanário foi concluído e preparou-se um novo projeto para o Duomo, com a colaboração de Giovanni di Lapo Ghini: a nave central foi dividida em quatro espaços quadrangulares com duas alas retangulares, reduzindo o número de janelas planejadas por Arnolfo. Em 1370 a construção já estava bem adiantada, o mesmo se dando com o novo projeto para a abside, que foi circundada por tribunas que amplificaram o trifólio de Arnolfo. Por fim Santa Reparata terminou de ser demolida em 1375. Ao mesmo tempo continuou-se o trabalho de revestimento externo com mármores e decoração em torno das entradas laterais, a Porta dei Canonici (sul) e a Porta della Mandorla (norte), esta coroada com um relevo da Assunção, última obra de Nanni di Banco.
Contudo, o problema da cúpula ainda não fora resolvido. Brunelleschi fez seu primeiro projeto em 1402, mas o manteve em segredo. Em 1418, a Opera del Duomo, a centenária empresa administradora dos trabalhos na Catedral, anunciou um concurso que Brunelleschi haveria de vencer, mas o trabalho não iniciaria senão dois anos mais tarde, continuando até 1434. A Catedral foi consagrada pelo Papa Eugênio IV em 25 de março (o Ano Novo florentino) de 1436, 140 anos depois do início da construção. Os arremates que ainda esperavam conclusão eram a lanterna da cúpula (colocada em 1461) e o revestimento externo com mármores brancos de Carrara, verdes de Prato, e vermelhos de Siena, de acordo com o projeto original de Arnolfo.
A fachada
A fachada original, desenhada por Arnolfo di Cambio, só foi começada em meados do século XV, realizada de fato por vários artistas em uma obra coletiva, mas de toda forma só foi terminada até o terço inferior. Esta parte foi desmantelada por ordem de Francesco I de Medici entre 1587 e 1588, pois era considerada totalmente fora de moda naquela altura. O concurso que foi aberto para a criação de uma nova fachada acabou em um escândalo, e os desenhos subseqüentes que foram apresentados não foram aceitos. A fachada ficou, então, despida até o século XIX, mas estatuária e ornamentos originais sobrevivem no Museu Opera del Duomo e em museus de Paris e Berlim.
Em 1864, Emilio de Fabris venceu um concurso para uma nova fachada, que é a que vemos hoje, um enorme e magistral trabalho de mosaico em mármores coloridos em estilo neogótico, com uma volumetria dinâmica e harmoniosa. Pronta em 1887, foi dedicada à Virgem Maria, e é ricamente adornada com estatuária de elegante e austero desenho. Em 1903 terminaram-se as monumentais portas de bronze, com várias cenas em relevo e outras decorações.
Interior
Sua planta é basilical, com três naves, divididas por grandes arcos suportados por colunas monumentais. Tem 153 metros de comprido por 38 metros de largo, e 90 metros no transepto. Seus arcos se elevam até 23 metros de altura, e o cume da cúpula, a 90 metros.
Suas decorações internas são austeras, e muitas se perderam no curso dos séculos. Alguns elementos acharam abrigo no Museu Opera del Duomo, como os coros de Luca della Robbia e Donatello. Subsistem também os monumentos a Dante, a John Hawkwood, a Niccolò da Tolentino, a Antonio d'Orso, e os bustos de Giotto (de Benedetto da Maiano), Brunelleschi (de Buggiano - 1447), Marsilio Ficino, e Antonio Squarcialupi.
Sobre a porta de entrada há um relógio colossal com decoração em pintura de Paolo Uccello, e acertado de acordo com a hora italica, uma divisão do tempo comumente empregada na Itália até o século XVIII, que dava o por-do-sol como o início do dia.
Os vitrais são os maiores em seu gênero na Itália entre os séculos XIV e XV, com imagens de santos do Velho e Novo Testamento. O crucifixo é obra de Benedetto da Maiano, a talha do coro de Bartolommeo Bandinelli, e as portas da sacristia são de Luca della Robbia.
My contribution for Day 3's prompt...scrap a photo without journaling. I loved this pic of my middle daughter, but didn't know what to do for it, so this prompt was perfect. I never scrap without journaling so I thought this would be difficult, but the picture just spoke to me.
This is part of my contribution to this year's Brick to the Past model, The Jacobite Risings: The Fight for Britain's Throne. To be fair this is a team effort with James Pegrum providing the landscape and me providing and setting up the armies. Simon Pickard also provided a load of troops.
The Jacobite Risings: The Fight for Britain’s Throne is a LEGO model of a series of uprisings, rebellions and wars that occurred predominantly in Scotland, but also spread into Ireland and England, between 1689 and 1746. Following the deposition of James II of England and VII of Scotland in the Glorious Revolution, the aims of the risings were to return the Stuart monarch, and later his descendants, to the thrones of England and Scotland (and after 1707, the Kingdom of Great Britain). They take their name from Jacobus, the Latin form of James.
While conflict broke out in 1689, 1715, and 1719, the most famous rising is probably the last, that of 1745. During the “Forty-five" Charles Edward Stuart, also known as the Young Pretender or Bonnie Prince Charlie, led an army from the Scottish Highlands as far south as Derby before retreating north to be decisively defeated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746. Culloden was the last pitched battle to be fought on British soil and marked the end of any serious attempt to restore the house of Stuart to the throne.
The Jacobite Risings: The Fight for Britain’s Throne is a Brick to the Past creation built by Dan Harris, James Pegrum, Simon Pickard, Tim Goddard and Steve Snasdell. It was unveiled for the first time at the Bricktastic in July 2017 and went on display again at The Great Western Brick Show in October. It is now on display at Stirling Castle until February 2nd 2018.
This is part of my contribution to this year's Brick to the Past model, The Jacobite Risings: The Fight for Britain's Throne. To be fair this is a team effort with James Pegrum providing the landscape and me providing and setting up the armies. Simon Pickard also provided a load of troops.
The Jacobite Risings: The Fight for Britain’s Throne is a LEGO model of a series of uprisings, rebellions and wars that occurred predominantly in Scotland, but also spread into Ireland and England, between 1689 and 1746. Following the deposition of James II of England and VII of Scotland in the Glorious Revolution, the aims of the risings were to return the Stuart monarch, and later his descendants, to the thrones of England and Scotland (and after 1707, the Kingdom of Great Britain). They take their name from Jacobus, the Latin form of James.
While conflict broke out in 1689, 1715, and 1719, the most famous rising is probably the last, that of 1745. During the “Forty-five" Charles Edward Stuart, also known as the Young Pretender or Bonnie Prince Charlie, led an army from the Scottish Highlands as far south as Derby before retreating north to be decisively defeated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746. Culloden was the last pitched battle to be fought on British soil and marked the end of any serious attempt to restore the house of Stuart to the throne.
The Jacobite Risings: The Fight for Britain’s Throne is a Brick to the Past creation built by Dan Harris, James Pegrum, Simon Pickard, Tim Goddard and Steve Snasdell. It was unveiled for the first time at the Bricktastic in July 2017 and went on display again at The Great Western Brick Show in October. It is now on display at Stirling Castle until February 2nd 2018.
This is part of my contribution to this year's Brick to the Past model, The Jacobite Risings: The Fight for Britain's Throne. To be fair this is a team effort with James Pegrum providing the landscape and me providing and setting up the armies. Simon Pickard also provided a load of troops.
Troops provided by the French included the Royal Scots (Royal Ecossais), who were originally formed as bodyguards for Valois Charles VII of France in 1418. The Royal Scots did not arrive in Scotland until late in the Campaign, landing in Montrose on 7th December 1745.
The Jacobite Risings: The Fight for Britain’s Throne is a LEGO model of a series of uprisings, rebellions and wars that occurred predominantly in Scotland, but also spread into Ireland and England, between 1689 and 1746. Following the deposition of James II of England and VII of Scotland in the Glorious Revolution, the aims of the risings were to return the Stuart monarch, and later his descendants, to the thrones of England and Scotland (and after 1707, the Kingdom of Great Britain). They take their name from Jacobus, the Latin form of James.
While conflict broke out in 1689, 1715, and 1719, the most famous rising is probably the last, that of 1745. During the “Forty-five" Charles Edward Stuart, also known as the Young Pretender or Bonnie Prince Charlie, led an army from the Scottish Highlands as far south as Derby before retreating north to be decisively defeated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746. Culloden was the last pitched battle to be fought on British soil and marked the end of any serious attempt to restore the house of Stuart to the throne.
The Jacobite Risings: The Fight for Britain’s Throne is a Brick to the Past creation built by Dan Harris, James Pegrum, Simon Pickard, Tim Goddard and Steve Snasdell. It was unveiled for the first time at the Bricktastic in July 2017 and went on display again at The Great Western Brick Show in October. It is now on display at Stirling Castle until February 2nd 2018.
The contribution made by Indian Railways locomotive No. 17879 to urban air pollution could not be ignored. It was re-starting Train 386NR, the 10:55 Rewari Junction to Delhi Junction from Garhi Harsaru Junction station.
All images on this site are exclusive property and may not be copied, downloaded, reproduced, transmitted, manipulated or used in any way without expressed written permission of the photographer. All rights reserved – Copyright Don Gatehouse
My contribution for the DigiLUG Christmas Market collaboration, where all the models were designed in 90 minutes during a Christmas party. I added the second swappable backdrop and minifigures later.
Individual 3D View: mecabricks.com/en/models/1w2rzkNd28W
Collaboration: mecabricks.com/en/models/9P2kzKYYaon
Artizen HDR
All information taken from www.wattsgallery.org.uk/ and Wikipedia
Designed and built by Mary Watts, the Chapel is a unique fusion of art nouveau, Celtic, Romanesque and Egyptian influence with Mary's own original style.
As followers of the Home Arts and Industries Association, set up by Earl Brownlow in 1885 to encourage handicrafts among the lower classes, the Chapel was the Watts's contribution to this characteristically Victorian preoccupation with social improvement through creative enlightenment. Mary passionately believed that anyone with a real interest and enthusiasm could be taught how to produce beautiful decoration, if in the process it kept them away from the 'gin palaces' of Guildford, this was surely a good thing. With this belief firmly in mind she encouraged all from the village, whatever their social status, up to their house Limnerslease for instruction in clay modelling.
The clay came from a seam that was discovered in the grounds of their house, apparently not unusual for this area. Taking this as a sign, Mary embarked upon the project with her usual determination, writing to the Parish Council in 1895 offering to build a new cemetery chapel, as the old graveyard in the village church of St Nicholas was full to capacity.
Her offer was accepted. As early as 1888 concerned parishioners had discussed the problem of space and plans were therefore already underway for land to be purchased from the Loseley Estate. Mary had produced her clay model of the new chapel by August 1895 and later that year the sale of land from William More-Molyneux was agreed.
The first clay modelling class took place at Limnerslease on Thursday 14 November 1895. All were welcome, from the local lady of the manor to her farm boys, as long as there was a genuine desire to learn, Mary was happy.
After a few weeks learning how to handle clay and modelling simple decorations, they would begin to make clay tiles from the plates Mrs Watts had prepared.
The design itself is an amalgamation of inspiration, every aspect having symbolic meaning. The Circle of Eternity with its intersecting Cross of Faith is from pre-historic times and symbolises the power of redeeming love stretching to the four quarters of the earth. The dome is traditionally seen as emblematic of heaven, the four panels on the exterior containing friezes symbolising the Spirit of Hope, the Spirit of Truth, the Spirit of Love and the Spirit of Light.
The exterior of the Chapel was finished in 1898, but the decoration of the interior took a while longer. Mary took the most talented of her craftsmen and women and together they created the stunning gesso interior, finally completing it in 1904.
The Chapel is Parish property and is open to the public daily.
George Frederic Watts, OM (23 February 1817 – 1 July 1904; sometimes spelt "George Frederick Watts") was a popular English Victorian painter and sculptor associated with the Symbolist movement.
Watts became famous in his lifetime for his allegorical works, such as Hope (see image) and Love and Life. These paintings were intended to form part of an epic symbolic cycle called the "House of Life", in which the emotions and aspirations of life would all be represented in a universal symbolic language.
Watts was born in Marylebone, London, the delicate son of a poor piano-maker. He showed promise very early, learning sculpture from the age of 10 with William Behnes and enroling as a student at the Royal Academy at the age of 18. He came to the public eye with a drawing entitled Caractacus, which was entered for a competition to design murals for the new Houses of Parliament at Westminster in 1843. Watts won a first prize in the competition, which was intended to promote narrative paintings on patriotic subjects, appropriate to the nation's legislature. In the end Watts made little contribution to the Westminster decorations, but from it he conceived his vision of a building covered with murals representing the spiritual and social evolution of humanity.
Visiting Italy in the mid-1840s, Watts was inspired by Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel and Giotto's Scrovegni Chapel, but back in Britain he was unable to obtain a building in which to carry out his plan. In consequence most of his major works are conventional oil paintings, some of which were intended as studies for the House of Life.
In the 1860s, Watts's work shows the influence of Rossetti, often emphasising sensuous pleasure and rich color. Among these paintings is a portrait of his young wife, the actress Ellen Terry, who was nearly 30 years his junior – just seven days short of her 17th birthday when they married on 20 February 1864. When she eloped with another man after less than a year of marriage, Watts was obliged to divorce her (though this process was not completed until 1877). In 1886 at the age of 69 he re-married, to Mary Fraser-Tytler, a Scottish designer and potter, then aged 36.
Watts's association with Rossetti and the Aesthetic movement altered during the 1870s, as his work increasingly combined Classical traditions with a deliberately agitated and troubled surface, in order to suggest the dynamic energies of life and evolution, as well as the tentative and transitory qualities of life. These works formed part of a revised version of the house of life, influenced by the ideas of Max Müller, the founder of comparative religion. Watts hoped to trace the evolving "mythologies of the races [of the world]" in a grand synthesis of spiritual ideas with modern science, especially Darwinian evolution.
In 1881, having moved to London, he set up a studio at his home at Little Holland House in Kensington, and his epic paintings were exhibited in Whitechapel by his friend and social reformer Canon Samuel Barnett. Refusing the baronetcy offered him by Queen Victoria, he later moved to a house, "Limnerslease", near Compton, south of Guildford, in Surrey.
After moving into "Limnerslease" in 1891, Watts and his wife Mary arranged the building of the Watts Gallery nearby, a museum dedicated to his work – the first (and now the only) purpose-built gallery in Britain devoted to a single artist – which opened in April 1904, shortly before his death. Watts's wife Mary designed the nearby Mortuary Chapel. Many of his paintings are also held at the Tate Gallery – he donated 18 of his symbolic paintings to the Tate in 1897, and three more in 1900. He was elected as an Academician to the Royal Academy in 1867 and accepted the Order of Merit in 1902.
In his late paintings, Watts's creative aspirations mutate into mystical images such as The Sower of the Systems, in which Watts seems to anticipate abstract art. This painting depicts God as a barely visible shape in an energised pattern of stars and nebulae. Some of Watts's other late works also seem to anticipate the paintings of Picasso's Blue Period.
Watts was also admired as a portrait painter. His portraits were of the most important men and women of the day, intended to form a "House of Fame". Many of these are now in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery – 17 were donated in 1895, with more than 30 more added subsequently. In his portraits Watts sought to create a tension between disciplined stability and the power of action. He was also notable for emphasising the signs of strain and wear on his sitter's faces. Sitters included Charles Dilke, Thomas Carlyle and William Morris.
During his last years Watts also turned to sculpture. His most famous work, the large bronze statue Physical Energy, depicts a naked man on horseback shielding his eyes from the sun as he looks ahead of him. It was originally intended to be dedicated to Muhammad, Attila, Tamerlane and Genghis Khan, thought by Watts to epitomise the raw energetic will to power. A cast was placed at Rhodes Memorial in Cape Town, South Africa honouring the grandiose imperial vision of Cecil Rhodes. Watts's essay "Our Race as Pioneers" indicates his support for imperialism, which he believed to be a progressive force. There is also a casting of this work in London's Kensington Gardens, overlooking the north-west side of the Serpentine.
Our contribution for THE CHALLENGE with the theme: Castaway: The Driftwood Wicker Chair. The Chair contains 12 single sit animations. LI 9 / 3 Prims. Dimensions: 1.9 x 1.0 x 2.2 meters. The Driftwood Wicker Chair will be available on the 30th June 2015 at 22769 ~ [bauwerk] (SURL: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Wooden%20Bay/36/124/23). The first week of release (until 6th July) the chair will be 25% discounted.
This is our contribution for LTD - The Event: The Roofed Wicker Beach Chair (LI 5/4 Prims - 10 single and 6 couple animations), the Beach Bean Bag (LI 2/1 Prim - 12 single animations), The rattan table (with and without plate with melons - LI 1/2 Prims), The Life Belt, Fishermans Floats (in different colors and sizes) and as opening gift the Beach Candle.
LTD - The Event openes 10th June 2015 at noon SLT-Time.
Detail shots of my main contribution to the "Rogue Francisco" collab at Bricking Bavaria 2025 in Friedrichshafen. I built an homage to the Shell Building, a Golden Age skyscraper from 1929 in a mixture of neo-gothic and art déco, designed by George Kelham, who shaped many a significant building in the Bay Area. It was built for the US subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell, who used it as their headquarters up until the 60s.
It is of course ultimately a minifig interpretation of the building on a 32-baseplate, with all the compromises regarding proportions and general dimensions this comes with. Design-wise I removed a ton of floors in the middle and fused some at the top, in addition to reducing the horizontal layout to ⅔. But overall I tried to stay close to the design elements of the original. Colour-wise, I chose white for the terracotta, which in reality can look like anything between white, tan and grey, and sand blue for the steel elements, because it makes for a more interesting contrast than plain black or dark grey.
Most of the windows are blacked out, but the penultimate floor as well as the side stores on the street level are lit and furnished. The lobby is also lit and can be looked into through a hole in the back (since I was placed right at the border anyway). While the lobby is based on historical and contemporary photos, the rest of the interiors were improvised.
On one of the balconies you can also find Scorpio with his rifle, but Inspector "Dirty" Harry Callahan is already on his trail.
At 11k pieces and more than 10 kg this has certainly been my largest contribution so far (if not my largest MOC in general), but it was a lot of fun to design and build, especially in comparison to the landscaping of previous years. I'll probably keep it around for a while, too (I wouldn't know where to put all those pieces anyway).
My contribution to the Kingsman collaboration that SaltyBros did for BrickFair LEGO Fan Expo 2022! I had so much fun building this contribution, based on Kingsman: The Golden Circle (the second film in the series). I spent a lot of time trying to get it detailed and textured, and accurate to the actual set's appearance. Check out all the photos!
Stay tuned for our video interview with Beyond the Brick!
More photos on my website! And check out the collab!
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Through the creations that I build, I hope to inspire other young (or perhaps older) LEGO builders to unleash their inner creativity. We all need a positive way to express ourselves, so let's allow LEGO to be an extension of us. Your creativity belongs to you, and nobody can take that away. Build what you want to build, and how you want to build it. Creativity Never Ends!
Phred designed the square and octagon base concept for the Chicago Brickworld 2017 collaborative build for WisLUG. I had fun working in a new theme for me.
Villoslada de Cameros, La Rioja, España.
Villoslada de Cameros es un municipio y localidad española de la comunidad autónoma de La Rioja. El término municipal, ubicado en la comarca de Cameros, tiene una población de 348 habitantes (INE 2023).
Está integrado en la comarca de Cameros, concretamente en la subcomarca de Camero Nuevo, situándose a 50 km de Logroño por la carretera N-111, que atraviesa el término municipal en el kilómetro 286.
El extenso término municipal ocupa buena parte de la cara norte de la Sierra Cebollera, que incluye el parque natural del mismo nombre. El río Iregua, que nace en el territorio, forma un profundo valle en su descenso de sur a norte, recibiendo el aporte de los numerosos arroyos de la zona y del río Mayor. Por el oeste, las sierras de Frihuela y Castejón, integradas en el Sistema Ibérico, hacen de límite, junto con la Sierra Cebollera al sur, con la provincia de Soria. En Villoslada hay un centro de interpretación del parque natural de la Sierra de Cebollera.
El techo del municipio es una enorme planicie llamada La Mesa (2168 m) que comparte con Lumbreras de Cameros. El segundo punto más elevado, que da nombre a la sierra, es el pico Cebollera (2141 m), compartido con los municipios de El Royo y Sotillo del Rincón. El núcleo urbano se alza a 1072 m sobre el nivel del mar.
Villoslada de Cameros is a municipality and town in the autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain. The municipality, located in the region of Cameros, has a population of 348 inhabitants (INE 2023).
It is part of the region of Cameros, specifically in the sub-region of Camero Nuevo, located 50 km from Logroño on the N-111 road, which crosses the municipal area at kilometre 286.
The extensive municipal area occupies a good part of the northern face of the Sierra Cebollera, which includes the natural park of the same name. The Iregua River, which rises in the territory, forms a deep valley in its descent from south to north, receiving the contribution of the numerous streams in the area and the Mayor River. To the west, the Frihuela and Castejón mountain ranges, integrated into the Iberian System, form a limit, together with the Sierra Cebollera to the south, with the province of Soria. In Villoslada there is an interpretation centre for the Sierra de Cebollera natural park.
The highest point of the municipality is a huge plain called La Mesa (2168 m) which it shares with Lumbreras de Cameros. The second highest point, which gives its name to the mountain range, is the Cebollera peak (2141 m), shared with the municipalities of El Royo and Sotillo del Rincón. The town centre is 1072 m above sea level.mar.
EU Commissioner for Crisis Management Janez Lenarčič was awarded a state award for his personal contribution to the support of Ukraine.
Thank you for the unprecedented volume of humanitarian aid to our country from the European Union!
This is part of my contribution to this year's Brick to the Past model, The Jacobite Risings: The Fight for Britain's Throne. To be fair this is a team effort with James Pegrum providing the landscape and me providing and setting up the armies. Simon Pickard also provided a load of troops.
Attached to each infantry regiment were grenadiers; soldiers that represented the elite of the British army. Grenadiers did not wear the usual tri-corn hat of regular infantry, instead wearing a finely decorated mitre-style headpiece. While we cannot recreate the decoration, a mitre may be recreated using a headpiece found originally in Prince of Persia sets. To complete our grenadiers we have also equipped them with a satchel, which is supposed to represent the grenades they carried.
The Jacobite Risings: The Fight for Britain’s Throne is a LEGO model of a series of uprisings, rebellions and wars that occurred predominantly in Scotland, but also spread into Ireland and England, between 1689 and 1746. Following the deposition of James II of England and VII of Scotland in the Glorious Revolution, the aims of the risings were to return the Stuart monarch, and later his descendants, to the thrones of England and Scotland (and after 1707, the Kingdom of Great Britain). They take their name from Jacobus, the Latin form of James.
While conflict broke out in 1689, 1715, and 1719, the most famous rising is probably the last, that of 1745. During the “Forty-five" Charles Edward Stuart, also known as the Young Pretender or Bonnie Prince Charlie, led an army from the Scottish Highlands as far south as Derby before retreating north to be decisively defeated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746. Culloden was the last pitched battle to be fought on British soil and marked the end of any serious attempt to restore the house of Stuart to the throne.
The Jacobite Risings: The Fight for Britain’s Throne is a Brick to the Past creation built by Dan Harris, James Pegrum, Simon Pickard, Tim Goddard and Steve Snasdell. It was unveiled for the first time at the Bricktastic in July 2017 and went on display again at The Great Western Brick Show in October. It is now on display at Stirling Castle until February 2nd 2018.
The history of the forge can be traced back to 1640, and it was still working until around 1910. The industrial site was abandoned in 1929 although the workers’ cottages were occupied until the late 1960s.
Top Forge is a Scheduled Ancient Monument (Grade I) and celebrates the history of iron-working in Britain and especially in South Yorkshire. The Forge is the only surviving water-powered heavy wrought iron forge with its water wheels and hammers (now restored) in situ. It is a site of national importance.
The Industrial Revolution is usually associated with steam power. Wortley Top Forge certainly made its contribution both in the technology of iron making and in supporting the early Railway Age, but only ever used the power of its three water wheels.
The Don valley was an ideal area for iron-making as it had access to ironstone from the Tankersley seam, coppiced timber for charcoal and, of course, water power. Iron has been worked in the valley since the 1300s. Top Forge was built before1640, deliberately in a loop of the river Don in order to shorten the course of the head goyt and to maximise the head of water available between the weir and the tail goyt.
The current layout of the building dates from the 1850s when the forge was turned over to the production of shafts and axles mainly for use on railway wagons. Some of the earliest metallurgical experiments in the world were conducted at the site by the engineer and metallurgist Thomas Andrews.
Railway axles of the highest quality were manufactured at the site in the nineteenth century and exported all over the world.
Axle production ceased at Top Forge by 1910 (the price of mild steel from Sheffield had undercut the cost of wrought iron).
The Top Forge workshops continued to service the works both upstream and downstream until 1929 when all activity ceased.
The older breast-shot water wheel and belly-helve hammer was probably installed in 1680s and would have been almost entirely of wood. As each generation updated this structure, we now have a cast iron wheel with a cast iron axle albeit with evidence of a previous wooden tree trunk shaft.
The larger breast-shot wheel and trip hammer was probably installed around 1840 when railway axle making was introduced. It has been calculated that the four-lobed cam running at 20 revolutions per minute would have a power output of about 8 HP and each hammer blow about half as effective as a 1 ton drop hammer.
The forge also houses a large collection of early industrial machinery
Our contribution for the Winter edition of the Seasonsstory: The Winter Chapel. The Chapel build comes with and without snowtop (Dimensions: 13.5 x 27.5 x 29.5 meters, LI without snowtop: 66, LI with snowtop: 72).
Also available at the Seasonsstory: The Church Bench comes decorated and undecorated with 9 different poses for up to 3 avatars (Dimensions: 3.4 x 1.4 x 1.5 meters, LI decorated: LI 4, LI undecorated: LI 3), the Church Chandelier (with and without chain) LI 8, LI 9 with chain, the Church Candle (LI 2), the Chapel Altar (Dimensions: 3.0 x 1.2 x 1.5 meters, LI 9) and the Ring Bearers Pillow (Dimensions: 0.6 x 0.6 x 1.3 meters, LI 2).
Landmark to the Seasonsstory: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/The%20Seasons%20Story/144/...
Event openes on 10th January 2016
The "Piazza del Vento" derives from Renzo Piano's inspiration, as a contribution that he offered to Salone Nautico and the city of Genova. The author of the project is the architectural firm OBR run by Paolo Brescia and Tommaso Principi, who conceived it for the 57° edition of the Genoa Boat Show.
The project, strongly wanted by Ucina Confindustria Nautica with Spim support, represents the legacy of Salone Nautico to the city: "a collective and multisensorial installation designed for a temporary event turning into a permanent public artwork, where to celebrate the rite of urbanity on the sea, thus enhancing the strong link between Salone Nautico and Genova", as Paolo Brescia explained.
OBR designed a "field" of 57 masts in red maple wood and white steel, 12 meters tali and bound together with textile stay-cables with dacron jibs inferred ono On the top of each mast a windex is placed,.sewing coloured spinnaker's fabric highlighting the direction and the intensity of the wind. Among the masts, some double seat swings are placed, where to sit as couple in the shade of the sails while looking toward the sea.
Cooperating with the musician Roberto Pugliese, Margherita Del Grosso and Matteo Orlandi have created the sound field activated by the action of the wind: a system of brass rods of different length, arranged according to a precise spatial scheme among the masts, reflects the sounds of the mare nostrum with chords trom a Mediterranean musical scale "played" by the wind.
The installation also involves the poet and street artist Ivan Tresoldi, who performs with his group Artkademy together with the visitors of Salone Nautico creating the anamorphosis: "Who throws seeds in the wind will make the sky flourish".
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La "Piazza del Vento" nasce da un'ispirazione di Renzo Piano, come contributo offerto al Salone Nautico e alla città di Genova. Autore del progetto è lo studio d'architettura OBR di Paolo Brescia e Tommaso Principi, che lo ha ideato per la 57° edizione del Salone Nautico di Genova.
L'intervento, fortemente voluto da Ucina Confindustria Nautica con il supporto di Spim, rappresenta l'eredità del Salone alla città: "un'installazione multisensoriale collettiva nata per un evento temporaneo che diventa un'opera pubblica permanente, in cui celebrare il rito dell'urbanità sul mare, sancendo' così il legame indissolubile tra il Salone Nautico e Genova", come ha spiegato Paolo Brescia.
OBR ha immaginato un "campo" di 57 alberi in legno di acero rosso e acciaio bianco alti 12 metri e strallati tra loro con sartie in tessile su cui sono inferiti dei fiocchi in dacron. Sulla sommità degli alberi sono installati dei segnavento cuciti con tessuti di spinnaker colorati che
danno evidenza della direzione e dell'intensità del vento. Tra alcuni alberi sono ricavate delle altalene doppie da utilizzare in coppia, all'ombra delle vele e con vista mare.
Collaborando con il musicista Roberto Pugliese, Margherita Del Grosso e Matteo Orlandi hanno ideato un campo sonoro attivato dall'azione del vento: un sistema di canne d'ottone di diversa lunghezza, disposte secondo un preciso schema spaziale tra gli alberi, restituisce le sonorità del mare nostrum con degli accordi secondo una scala musicale mediterranea "suonata" dal vento.
L'installazione vede anche il coinvolgimento del poeta e artista di strada Ivan Tresoldi che, con il suo gruppo Artkademy, realizza una performance con il pubblico del Salone Nautico creando l'anamorfosi: "Chi getta semi al vento farà fiorire il cielo".
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My contribution to the new Fantagraphics "Beasts!" book. The book itself is utterly amazing, chock fulla heaps of highly talented artists (excluding myself) and their creepy beasts. You can pick up your own copy here: www.fantagraphics.com/recent/bks.html#beastc
An installation by Yooma Mayo with contributíons by:
Anker Eidle, Azuki tammas, dagashl Horatio, Haruka Mclahon, Lika Ruby, naikazu Twine, nIZuk, nekonuko nakamori, Provigny Roilde, Rouki Furse, serialice Amat, WangRen Frog, yuk yuyian,
Aslan Kish, Chutoro radikal, Gian Guyot, imoimo Shan, magnum yoshikawa, milette valde, Nap Mayo, Phi rosa, Raku slade, Sandar Hax, taiko Namino, Yooma Mayo.
Find more pictures of Yooma Mayo’s work at my set „Yooma Mayo“
I used a texture by Lenabem-Anna J.:
www.flickr.com/photos/lenabem-anna/5617764774/in/set-7215...
Thank you !
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Note by the creator:
(日本語でのご挨拶は次の段にございます。)
"HYAKKI YAGYOU" is Chaotic parade of 100 "YOKAI".
"YOKAI" is a general name of demon, ghost, goblin, spirits, and monsters.
This project is The multiple creators make original 100 YOKAI.
And then, I would like to embody the fun of the creation and the power of the imagination.
25 creators
The number of creators are 25 people. Most of which are living in Kowloon.
100 YOKAI are starting parade on the mirage.
The Japanese have a familiarity to YOKAI.
It is because we are touching the YOKAI tale from childhood.
That is in novel, comic, art, design, custom, habit and education.
In addition, Japanese imagined YOKAI from nature, life tool, wind, sound, creature, and all of this world.
In other words, YOKAI is the same as God.
Usually, YOKAI are present individually.
So please enjoy the one month parade!
PS
Just gathering of Prim is being changed shape and have a meaning by imagination.
That's why, I think making things in the virtual world is fun.
*We made the catalog of 100 YOKAI of this exhibition.
Please touch the KIOSK on the entrance.
*Usually, 50 over YOKAI are appearing at attraction of Kowloon SIM.
That attraction name is "Feng-Shui Battle". that is a kind of ghost buster game.
if you have a interest, please come & play that it :))
Note
Mirage is called "shinkirou" in Japanese.
"Shinkirou" mean" the building is shaped by breath of the clam."
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The "Somewhere in sl" picture series (or "The Adventures of WuWai in Second Life") is my guide and bookmark folder to wonderful, artful, curious or in other way remarkably sims of second life with travel guide WuWai Chun.
(More pictures of WuWai's adventures: Follow this link)
You can find and buy some of the pictures inworld at my “Gallery"
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contribution to the fall photo collection on flickr. It has those things that fall from tress and the golden glow is due, in part, to that big yellow thing in the sky that I won't see for the next 6-7 months because that is the way it is in NNY!
Canon 500D plus the 85mm f/1.8
Exposure 1/1600
Aperture f/2.8
Focal Length 85 mm
ISO Speed 400
The Jewish Museum Berlin, which opened to the public in 2001, exhibits the social, political and cultural history of the Jews in Germany from the fourth century to the present, explicitly presenting and integrating, for the first time in postwar Germany, the repercussions of the Holocaust. The new building is housed next to the site of the original Prussian Court of Justice building which was completed in 1735 now serves as the entrance to the new building.
Daniel Libeskind’s design, which was created a year before the Berlin Wall came down, was based on three insights: it is impossible to understand the history of Berlin without understanding the enormous contributions made by its Jewish citizens; the meaning of the Holocaust must be integrated into the consciousness and memory of the city of Berlin; and, finally, for its future, the City of Berlin and the country of Germany must acknowledge the erasure of Jewish life in its history.
Happy Worldwide Pinhole Photography Day! In celebration I am deciding it is about time we had an "official" verb to describe what we do, so my starting contribution to the day is going to be just that. So, I give you the verb meaning "to pinhole", conjugated in a few different languages (might as well cover a few bases). Enjoy pinholing today everyone. ;-)
to pinhole: the act of using a pinhole camera, generally in a haphazard or fun fashion.
English:
I pinhole
you pinhole
he/she/it pinholes
we pinhole
they pinhole
I will pinhole this sunny day after I eat a waffle breakfast.
Francais:
je sténope
tu sténopes
il/elle sténope
nous sténopons
vous sténopez
ils/elles sténopent
Elle sténope la Tour Eiffel avec trois caméras différentes. -- She pinholes the Eiffel Tower with three different cameras.
Español:
yo pinholio
tú pinholes
él/ella pinhole
nosotros pinomos
ellos/ellas pinholen
Pinholio todos los días. -- I pinhole every day.
Deutsch:
ich pinhole
du pinholst
er pinholt
wir pinholen
ihr pinholt
sie/Sie pinholen
Pinholen Sie meine Familie jetzt! -- Make a pinhole photo of my family now!
My contribution to this weeks Fotosöndag/Photo Sunday on the theme Filmtitel/Movie title. My contribution is a mobile image this week and the film title is Peeping Tom (1960).
My contribution of 'Summer' to the International Freeform Fiberart Four Seasons Online 2009 Exhibition.
These four (Galilean satellites) moons (L to R: Callisto, Io, Ganymede - just 'peeking' over top/right of Jupiter - and Europa) were discovered by Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei in 1610... "Probably the most significant contribution that Galileo Galilei made to science was the discovery of the four satellites around Jupiter that are now named in his honor. Galileo first observed the moons of Jupiter on January 7, 1610 through a homemade telescope. He originally thought he saw three stars near Jupiter, strung out in a line through the planet. The next evening, these stars seemed to have moved the wrong way, which caught his attention. Galileo continued to observe the stars and Jupiter for the next week. On January 11, a fourth star (which would later turn out to be Ganymede) appeared. After a week, Galileo had observed that the four stars never left the vicinity of Jupiter and appeared to be carried along with the planet, and that they changed their position with respect to each other and Jupiter. Finally, Galileo determined that what he was observing were not stars, but planetary bodies that were in orbit around Jupiter. This discovery provided evidence in support of the Copernican system and showed that everything did not revolve around the Earth." solarviews.com/eng/galdisc.htm
Signal boxes are a distinctive and now rare building type that make a significant contribution to Scotland's diverse industrial heritage. Of more than 2000 signal boxes built across Scotland by 1948 around 150 currently survive (2013), on and off the public network, with all pre-1948 mechanical boxes still in operation due to become obsolete by 2021. The signal box at Biggar is a particularly rare and important example of perhaps the most significant Scottish signal box design - the Caledonian S4. Once widespread, this archetypal box with carved brackets fixed to the head of each window mullion, has been adaptively re-used to operate as offices for a local business. One other S4 (the former Garnqueen South box now relocated at Bo'ness and Kinneil Railway) is also listed. The Caledonian Railway's Southern Division also produced S1, S2, S3 and S5 boxes, none of which are known to survive.
This is my contribution to the recent AnyForty versus exhibition that took place in Bristol and wrapped up today.
AnyForty is an urban street-wear label that has collaborated with some of the finest urban art talent from across the world. Other contributors to the show include the 123KLAN, MWM Graphics (Mathew M. Moore), Guy Mckinley amongst many more. I am blessed and proud to have been included alongside such a fine roster of talent and absolutely gutted I couldn't get down to have a peak at the exhibition in person.
The event was all for charity and please visit Anyforty's website and shop to keep abreast of the sickest tees around!
Site/Blog www.anyforty.com/
Store anyforty.bigcartel.com/