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The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, also known as the "Toy Train", is a 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge railway that runs between New Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling in the Indian state of West Bengal, India. Built between 1879 and 1881, the railway is about 78 kilometres) long. Its elevation level varies from about 100 metres at New Jalpaiguri to about 2,200 metres at Darjeeling. Four modern diesel locomotives handle most of the scheduled services; however the daily Kurseong-Darjeeling return service and the daily tourist trains from Darjeeling to Ghum (India's highest railway station) are handled by the vintage British-built B Class steam locomotives. The railway, along with the Nilgiri Mountain Railway and the Kalka-Shimla Railway, is listed as the Mountain Railways of India World Heritage Site. The headquarters of the railway is in the town of Kurseong. Operations between Siliguri and Kurseong have been temporarily suspended since 2010 following a Landslide at Tindharia.
HISTORY
A broad gauge railway connected Calcutta (now Kolkata) and Siliguri in 1878. Siliguri, at the base of the Himalayas, was connected to Darjeeling by a cart road (the present day Hill Cart Road) on which "Tonga services" (carriage services) were available. Franklin Prestage, an agent of Eastern Bengal Railway Company approached the government with a proposal of laying a steam tramway from Siliguri to Darjeeling. The proposal was accepted in 1879 following the positive report of a committee formed by Sir Ashley Eden, the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal. Construction started the same year.
Gillanders Arbuthnot & Co. constructed the railway. The stretch from Siliguri to Kurseong was opened on 23 August 1880, while the official opening of the line up to Darjeeling was on 4 July 1881. Several engineering adjustments were made later in order to ease the gradient of the rails. Despite natural calamities, such as an earthquake in 1897 and a major cyclone in 1899, the DHR continued to improve with new extension lines being built in response to growing passenger and freight traffic. However, the DHR started to face competition from bus services that started operating over the Hill Cart Road, offering a shorter journey time. During World War II, the DHR played a vital role transporting military personnel and supplies to the numerous camps around Ghum and Darjeeling.
After the independence of India, the DHR was absorbed into Indian Railways and became a part of the Northeast Frontier Railway zone in 1958. In 1962, the line was realigned at Siliguri and extended by nearly 6 km to New Jalpaiguri (NJP) to meet the new broad gauge line there. DHR remained closed for 18 months during the hostile period of Gorkhaland Movement in 1988-89.
The line closed in 2011 due to a 6.8 Magnitude earthquake. The line is currently loss-making and in 2015, Rajah Banerjee, a local tea estate owner, has called for privatisation to encourage investment, which was fiercely resisted by unions.
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
DHR was declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1999, only the second railway to have this honour bestowed upon it, the first one being Semmering Railway of Austria in 1998. To be nominated as World Heritage site on the World Heritage List, the particular site or property needs to fulfill a certain set of criteria, which are expressed in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention and its corresponding Operational Guidelines. The site must be of outstanding universal value and meet at least one out of ten selection criteria. The protection, management, authenticity and integrity of properties are also important considerations.
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION
The DHR is justified by the following criteria:
Criterion ii The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway is an outstanding example of the influence of an innovative transportation system on the social and economic development of a multi-cultural region, which was to serve as a model for similar developments in many parts of the world.
Criterion iv The development of railways in the 19th century had a profound influence on social and economic developments in many parts of the world. This process is illustrated in an exceptional and seminal fashion by the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway.
AUTHENTICITY AND INTEGITY
Since 1881, the original route has been retained in a remarkable condition. Only minimal interventions of an evolutionary nature, such as the reduction of loops, have been carried out. Most of the original steam locomotives are still in use. Like Tea and the Ghurka culture, the DHR has become not only an essential feature of the landscape but also an enduring part of the identity of Darjeeling.
MANAGEMENT AND LEGAL STATUS
The DHR and all its movable and immovable assets, including the authentic railway stations, the line, and the track vehicles, belong to the Government of India entrusted to the Ministry of Railways. The Northeast Frontier Railway documented all the elements of the DHR in a comprehensive register. Apart from that, it handles the day-to-day maintenance and management. But moreover, several programs, divisions and departments of the Indian Railways are responsible for operating, maintaining and repairing the DHR. This includes technical as well as non-technical work. In principle, the only two legal protection mechanisms that apply to the conservation of the DHR are the provisions of the 1989 Railway Act and that it is a public property which is state-owned and therefore protected
THE ROUTE
The railway line basically follows the Hill Cart Road which is partially the same as National Highway 55. Usually, the track is simply on the road side. In case of landslides both track and road might be affected. As long parts of the road are flanked with buildings, the railway line often rather resembles urban tramway tracks than an overland line.
To warn residents and car drivers about the approaching train, engines are equipped with very loud horns that even drown horns of Indian trucks and buses. Trains honk almost without pause.
LOOPS AND Z-REVERSE
One of the main difficulties faced by the DHR was the steepness of the climb. Features called loops and Z-Reverses were designed as an integral part of the system at different points along the route to achieve a comfortable gradient for the stretches in between them. When the train moves forwards, reverses and then moves forward again, climbing a slope each time while doing so, it gains height along the side of the hill.
LOCOMOTIVES
CURRENT
STEAM
All the steam locomotives currently in use on the railway are of the "B" Class, a design built by Sharp, Stewart and Company and later the North British Locomotive Company, between 1889 and 1925. A total of 34 were built, but by 2005 only 12 remained on the railway and in use (or under repair).
In 2002, No. 787 was rebuilt with oil firing. This was originally installed to work on the same principle as that used on Nilgiri Mountain Railway No.37395. A diesel-powered generator was fitted to operate the oil burner and an electrically-driven feed pump, and a diesel-powered compressor was fitted to power the braking system. Additionally, the locomotive was fitted with a feedwater heater. The overall result was a dramatic change in the appearance of the locomotive. However, the trials of the locomotive were disappointing and it never entered regular service. In early 2011, it was in Tindharia Works awaiting reconversion to coal-firing.
In March 2001, No.794 was transferred to the Matheran Hill Railway to allow a "Joy Train" (steam-hauled tourist train) to be operated on that railway. It did not, however, enter service there until May 2002.
DIESEL
Four diesel locomotives are in use: Nos. 601-2, 604 and 605 of the NDM6 class transferred from the Matheran Hill Railway.
Past
In 1910 the railway purchased the third Garratt locomotive built, a D Class 0-4-0+0-4-0.
Only one DHR steam locomotive has been taken out of India, No.778 (originally No.19). After many years out of use at the Hesston Steam Railway, it was sold to an enthusiast in the UK and restored to working order. It is now based on a private railway (The Beeches Light Railway) in Oxfordshire but has run on the Ffestiniog Railway, the Launceston Steam Railway and the Leighton Buzzard Light Railway.
IN POPULAR CULTURE
The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway has long been viewed with affection and enthusiasm by travellers to the region and the Earl of Ronaldshay gave the following description of a journey in the early 1920s:
"Siliguri is palpably a place of meeting... The discovery that here the metre gauge system ends and the two foot gauge of the Darjeeling-Himalayan railway begins, confirms what all these things hint at... One steps into a railway carriage which might easily be mistaken for a toy, and the whimsical idea seizes hold of one that one has accidentally stumbled into Lilliput. With a noisy fuss out of all proportion to its size the engine gives a jerk - and starts... No special mechanical device such as a rack is employed - unless, indeed, one can so describe the squat and stolid hill-man who sits perched over the forward buffers of the engine and scatters sand on the rails when the wheels of the engine lose their grip of the metals and race, with the noise of a giant spring running down when the control has been removed. Sometimes we cross our own track after completing the circuit of a cone, at others we zigzag backwards and forwards; but always we climb at a steady gradient - so steady that if one embarks in a trolley at Ghum, the highest point on the line, the initial push supplies all the energy necessary to carry one to the bottom."
The trip up to Darjeeling on railway has changed little since that time, and continues to delight travellers and rail enthusiasts, so much so that it has its own preservation and support group, the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Society.
Several films have portrayed the railway. Especially popular was the song Mere sapno ki rani from the film Aradhana where the protagonist Rajesh Khanna tries to woo heroine Sharmila Tagore who was riding in the train. Other notable films include Barfi!, Parineeta and Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman. The Darjeeling Limited, a film directed by Wes Anderson, features a trip by three brothers on a fictional long-distance train based loosely on the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway.
TELEVISION
The BBC made a series of three documentaries dealing with Indian Hill Railways, shown in February 2010. The first film covers the Darjeeling-Himalayan Railway, the second the Nilgiri Mountain Railway and the third the Kalka-Shimla Railway. The films were directed by Tarun Bhartiya, Hugo Smith and Nick Mattingly and produced by Gerry Troyna. The series won the UK Royal Television Society Award in June 2010. Wes Anderson's film The Darjeeling Limited also showcases three brothers riding the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway.
WIKIPEDIA
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Location: Groningen, Busstation Buffer
Service: 178 Groningen - Siddeburen
Series: Qbuzz 7301 - 7360
Year: 2019 / 2020
Manufacturer / Type: Ebusco 2.2
Former: New
Fleet No: 7356
Registration: 83-BNX-6
Unfortunately 102 disgraced itself on the return to Belfast by failing at Bridgend, less than a mile from Belfast. In this view a unit can be seen buffering up, so it can push 102 into Belfast.
Saturated buffer in Story County, Iowa, on land farmed by Justin Hanson. Aerial shot of stream and seeded saturated buffer on the right, looking south along Bear Creek. Prairie seeding the past fall is in its first year of growth. August 2016.
Please Credit: NRCS/SWCS photo by Lynn Betts
This occupy movement is geographically "based" in the Buffer Zone, which currently marks the split between the Republic of Cyprus, a member of the EU, and the other half of the island occupied by Turkey. The movement calls this the Dead Zone as no one is allowed to live there, no new buildings are allowed to be erected, etc.
From the Occupy Buffer Zone website:
"the so-called ‘Cyprus problem’ is a result of the competitions that are created in capitalism and expresses the interests of local and international forces in the region. Thus we considered it important, T/Cs [Turkish Cypriots] and G/Cs [Greek Cypriots] jointly, to transfer the protest to the space of the dead zone, a point of the island which semiotically describes all of the above."
Railway buffer at thetop of Pikes Peak, Colorado Springs CO
The line runs over a cliff and has the buffer on it. As a computer person I like to refer to this as "buffer Overflow" (I think I'm funny)
Country: SPAIN
Operator: FEVE
Item: PASSENGER
Class or Maker: -
Wheel Arrangement or Type: -
Number: 13
Place details: CARTEGENA Buffer beam of derelict coach
Additional notes: JBAT C324/30 3ft6 / 1067mm Ferrocarril de Cartagena a la Union y Los Blancos
Original source material: Agfa CT18 35mm slide
Photographer: John Batts
Copyright: Photographer
Library locator reference: JBAT.C324
30937 Transport Photograph Database
1972APR17JBAT054cs
Operator Justin Hanson on land he farms along a section of Bear Creek in Story County.
Please Credit: NRCS/SWCS photo by Lynn Betts
Simple construction;
- no pins to set or bolts to tighten
- what an innovative way to move your buffer; Up Steps; Over rough ground;
- tired of those Small wheels
- can be mounted with your handle up- or -down.
Various images taken of the disused Mayfield Train Station opposite Piccadilly in Manchester.
These were during a tour with Jonathan Schofield on 18th Feb 2018.
The impression of water puppet show
Water Puppet show folk knowledge integrated in the creative arts. Due to living in low-lying terrain floods, farmers used to the water, out of water, so they make art with water. Village ponds used as campus performances, and here, the dancing puppet appeared on the water in a buffer talented in music, audio, take advantage of natural, color combinations sun, water, color green of the trees and flowers.
Vietnam water puppet show
Water Puppet contain quite interesting understanding of the farmers in the field of artistic creativity, experience, and how to deal with the environment is cumulative over time, very simple, very direct natural art.
Not only to take advantage of and exploit particular characteristics of the country, puppetry also reflect the beauty, the talent and the creativity of farmers while advantage of the power burst, rebound, compression, thrust of wind, water, fire, smoke, sound rhythm, color of light, the inertia of the movement to make art.
On the other hand the water puppet show ingenious ability to create art of creating confusion. These objects are puppets create art products from the summary, take advantage of what is available in nature. It is wood, iron, steel, rope, ropes, bamboo, cloth, wire, foam, rubber, etc., were what seemed normal in everyday life, through the hands of artists and farmers, has become a cosmetic product take the breath and soul of the Vietnamese countryside. This is a value creating art is very much appreciated.
And the art of water puppetry, this creation is a product of the imagination rich, witty way of building dynamic art image and open, has built strong relationships and continuity between art and audience.
Image folk puppet like duvets duck, buffalo, weaving …. went on integrated water puppetry as a unique aesthetic values of local coloring, building appearance typical of rural Vietnam.
Showing the Job in Vietnam
The human, the animal in the water puppet carved create the aesthetic of the working people, and consistent with all the scenes puppet mentioned. Most of us are carrying look rustic, primitive, simple, not sophisticated art, broaching chau. Visual lines to colors, shapes for long, awkward, naive, but it achieved very own artistic spirit of rural people, it is the foot
real, innocent expression, which is observant and very subtle sense of humor, which is rich imagination and creativity … All ingenious removable objects as well up the voice of the soul, emotional, aesthetic lifestyle concept with the spiritual power of the working people.
Features in controlling the operation of the puppets, with just a few simple movements, funny but full of nature logo that people can understand the puppet character are boating, battle, are rice or are breeding ducks …… However the success of the art of water puppetry is shown in that it does not just stop at what puppets do is always pondering to understand why it is like so. The question always arises experiencing the journey of each puppet. It can be said that in this respect the art of water puppetry highly symbolic.
Source – www.vietnamtraveltour.net – vietnam tour by Antony Dong
My camera battery was flat so I had to take this with my phone camera.
Chinese Government Railways steam locomotive, KF7 class 4-8-4 No 607. Designed by the Technical Advisor to the Chinese Ministry of Railways, Colonel Kenneth Cantlie, to run on the Canton-Hankow railway.
Built by Vulcan Foundry Newton-le-Willows, Lancashire in 1935, and withdrawn in 1981.
These large locomotives were equipped with a mechanical stoker and six of them were fitted with booster engines on the tender, providing an extra 7670 lbs tractive effort. Of the 24 exported, one returned to the UK and is preserved at the National Railway Museum in York
.