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Edible Parts: Flowers, Fruit, Leaves,
Edible Uses: Coffee, Tea, Jams, Preserves, Flour, Salad,
Fruit - raw or cooked. Not very appetizing raw, it is normally used for making jams and preserves. The fruit can be dried, ground, mixed with flour and used for making bread etc.. The fruit is about 1cm in diameter. There are up to five fairly large seeds in the center of the fruit, these often stick together and so the effect is of eating a cherry-like fruit with a single seed. Young shoots - raw. A pleasant nutty flavor, they are a good addition to the salad bowl. A tea is made from the dried leaves, it is a china tea substitute. The roasted seeds are a coffee substitute. The flowers are used in syrups and sweet puddings.
MEDICINAL USES: Antispasmodic, Astringent, Cardio tonic, Diuretic, Hypotensive, Sedative, Tonic, Vasodilator
Hawthorn is an extremely valuable medicinal herb. It is used mainly for treating disorders of the heart and circulation system, especially angina. Western herbalists consider it a 'food for the heart', it increases the blood flow to the heart muscles and restores normal heart beat. This effect is brought about by the presence of bioflavonoids in the fruit, these bioflavonoids are also strongly antioxidant, helping to prevent or reduce degeneration of the blood vessels. The fruit is antispasmodic, cardiac, diuretic, sedative, tonic and vasodilator. Both the fruits and flowers of hawthorns are well-known in herbal folk medicine as a heart tonic and modern research has borne out this use. The fruits and flowers have a hypotensive effect as well as acting as a direct and mild heart tonic. They are especially indicated in the treatment of weak heart combined with high blood pressure, they are also used to treat a heart muscle weakened by age, for inflammation of the heart muscle, arteriosclerosis and for nervous heart problems. Prolonged use is necessary for the treatment to be efficacious. It is normally used either as a tea or a tincture. Hawthorn is combined with ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) to enhance poor memory, working by improving the blood supply to the brain. The bark is astringent and has been used in the treatment of malaria and other fevers. The roots are said to stimulate the arteries of the heart.
A very poisonous plant, the toxins are especially concentrated in the seed. The stems contain up to 0.06% of the toxic alkaloids, the leaves between 0.03 and 0.8%, the flowers from 0.09 to 0.24% and the green fruit from 0.73 to 0.98%. The toxins, however, are very volatile and decompose readily, especially when the plant is dried or cooked. The toxins paralyze the respiratory nerves, causing death by suffocation. Children have been known to die after using the hollow stems as blowpipes. The poisonous nature of the plant varies considerably, with many people believing that the plant is less toxic when grown in cooler climates.
MEDICINAL USES: Analgesic; Antirheumatic; Antispasmodic; Cancer; Emetic; Galactofuge; Homeopathy; Sedative.
Hemlock is a very poisonous plant that has a long history of medicinal use, though it is very rarely used in modern herbalism. It is a narcotic plant that sedates and relieves pain. The plant contains coniine, an extremely toxic substance that can also cause congenital defects. The whole plant is analgesic, antispasmodic, emetic, galactofuge and sedative. It is a traditional folk treatment for cancer and was formerly widely used internally in very small doses to treat a variety of complaints including tumors, epilepsy, whooping cough, rabies and as an antidote to strychnine poisoning. It is still used externally, usually in ointments and oils, in the treatment of mastitis, malignant tumors (especially breast cancer) anal fissure and hemorrhoids. The leaves and stems should be harvested when the first fruits are forming, since they are then at their most active medicinally. The fruits are gathered either when fully ripe, or before they turn from green to yellow, and are then dried. Because of the extremely toxic nature of this herb, it is seldom employed nowadays. Use with extreme caution and only under the guidance of a qualified practitioner. See also the notes above on toxicity. A homeopathic remedy is prepared from a tincture of the fresh plant, harvested when in flower It is used for treating complaints such as dizziness, coughs, insomnia, exhaustion, arteriosclerosis and prostate problems.
Please check this out LARGE HERE. It's really worth it.
Passion Fruit flower (Passiflora edulis) hiding in a thicket of Florida prickly blackberries. If any flower looks as if it came from an alien planet, it has to be this one.
Description
Passion fruit is a perennial woody creeper which is indigenous to the tropical regions of America. Passion fruit is known for its beautiful white flowers with purple to pink crown blooms. The passion fruit leaves are hairless and lobbed. The two main commercial varieties are purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis L.), and yellow passion fruit (P. edulis f. flavicarpa). The purple passion is mainly cultivated in Africa and India and the yellow passion fruit in Peru, Brazil and Ecuador.
Parts used
Leaves, flowers, stems and passion fruits.
Phytochemicals
Passaflorine, Harmine, Harman, Harmol, Harmalin, Carotenoids, Vitexin, Isovitexin and Chrysin, Scopoletin, Carotenoids, Theobromine
Medicinal properties
The juice but mainly the leaves of passion fruit contain the alkaloids, including Harman, which has blood pressure lowering, sedative and antispasmodic action. The passion fruit leaves are used in many countries as medicines.
The flower of passion fruit has a mild sedative and can help to induce sleep. Passion flower has been used in the treatment of nervous and easily excited children, bronchial asthma, insomnia, nervous gastrointestinal disorders and menopausal problems. Passion flower is sometimes used as a mild hallucinogen.
Anti-cancer effect
Researchers at the University of Florida have found that yellow passion fruit extracts can kill cancer cells in vitro. The phytochemicals which are responsible for this anti-cancer effect are carotenoids and polyphenols.
Reduction of asthma symptoms
A study by Watson and his co-workers showed that the consumption of purple passion fruit peel extract can reduce asthma symptoms. They selected 42 patients received an oral administration of purple passion fruit extract. The passion fruit extract supplementation reduced the wheezing by 75 percent and increased forced vital capacity.
Other facts
When Spanish explored South America they discovered that passion fruit was used in native folk medicine as a sedative. When the Spanish brought the passion fruit to Europe the leaves were used as a sleep-inducing medicine. The name 'Passion' was given by Catholic missionaries in South America. The corona threads of the passion flower were seen as a symbol of the crown of thorns, the five stamens for wounds, the five petals and five sepals as the ten apostles (excluding Judas and Peter) and the three stigmas for the nails on the cross.
Other names
Passiflora, apricot vine, grenadilla, maracuja, maracuya
(http://www.phytochemicals.info/plants/passion-fruit.php)
Edible Parts: Flowers, Fruit, Leaves,
Edible Uses: Coffee, Tea, Jams, Preserves, Flour, Salad,
Fruit - raw or cooked. Not very appetizing raw, it is normally used for making jams and preserves. The fruit can be dried, ground, mixed with flour and used for making bread etc.. The fruit is about 1cm in diameter. There are up to five fairly large seeds in the center of the fruit, these often stick together and so the effect is of eating a cherry-like fruit with a single seed. Young shoots - raw. A pleasant nutty flavor, they are a good addition to the salad bowl. A tea is made from the dried leaves, it is a china tea substitute. The roasted seeds are a coffee substitute. The flowers are used in syrups and sweet puddings.
MEDICINAL USES: Antispasmodic, Astringent, Cardio tonic, Diuretic, Hypotensive, Sedative, Tonic, Vasodilator
Hawthorn is an extremely valuable medicinal herb. It is used mainly for treating disorders of the heart and circulation system, especially angina. Western herbalists consider it a 'food for the heart', it increases the blood flow to the heart muscles and restores normal heart beat. This effect is brought about by the presence of bioflavonoids in the fruit, these bioflavonoids are also strongly antioxidant, helping to prevent or reduce degeneration of the blood vessels. The fruit is antispasmodic, cardiac, diuretic, sedative, tonic and vasodilator. Both the fruits and flowers of hawthorns are well-known in herbal folk medicine as a heart tonic and modern research has borne out this use. The fruits and flowers have a hypotensive effect as well as acting as a direct and mild heart tonic. They are especially indicated in the treatment of weak heart combined with high blood pressure, they are also used to treat a heart muscle weakened by age, for inflammation of the heart muscle, arteriosclerosis and for nervous heart problems. Prolonged use is necessary for the treatment to be efficacious. It is normally used either as a tea or a tincture. Hawthorn is combined with ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) to enhance poor memory, working by improving the blood supply to the brain. The bark is astringent and has been used in the treatment of malaria and other fevers. The roots are said to stimulate the arteries of the heart.
Manor Nursery, Angmering, West Sussex.
Primula veris (Cowslip; syn. Primula officinalis) is a flowering plant in the genus Primula. The species is found throughout most of temperate Europe and Asia, and although absent from more northerly areas including much of northwest Scotland, it reappears in northernmost Sutherland and Orkney.
Etymology
The common name "cowslip" derives from the Old English cūslyppe meaning "cow dung", probably because the plant was often found growing amongst the manure in cow pastures.
Folk names
Cuy lippe, Herb Peter, Paigle, Peggle, Key Flower, Key of Heaven, Fairy Cups, Petty Mulleins, Crewel, Buckles, Palsywort, Plumrocks, Mayflower, Password, Artetyke, Drelip, Our Lady's Keys, Arthritica, Buckles, Cuy, Frauenchlussel, Lady's Key, Lippe, Paralysio.
Characteristics and habitat
Primula veris is a low growing herbaceous perennial plant with a rosette of leaves 5-15 cm long and 2-6 cm broad. The deep yellow flowers are produced in the spring between April and May; they are in clusters of 10-30 together on a single stem 5-20 cm tall, each flower 9-15 mm broad. Red-flowered plants do occur, very rarely.
Primula verisIt is frequently found on more open ground than Primula vulgaris (primrose) including open fields, meadows, and coastal dunes and clifftops. The seeds are often included in wild-flower seed mixes used to landscape motorway banks and similar civil engineering earth-works where the plants may be seen in dense stands.
It may be confused with the closely related Primula elatior (oxlip) which has a similar general appearance although the oxlip has larger, pale yellow flowers more like a primrose, and a corolla tube without folds.
Traditional uses
Primula veris contains glycosides, primeverin and primulaverin[L 1] and saponine primula acid A. and is used by herbalists as a diuretic, an expectorant, and an antispasmodic, as well as for the treatment of headaches, whooping cough, tremors, and other conditions. It can, however, have irritant effects in those who are allergic to it.
Cowslip flowers were traditionally used for making cowslip wine, cowslip mead and salads; the 19th century English botanist and illustrator, Anne Pratt, wrote of it:
In the midland and southern counties of England, a sweet and pleasant wine resembling the muscadel is made from the cowslip flower, and it is one of the most wholesome and pleasant of home-made wines, and slightly narcotic in its effects. In times when English wines were more used, every housewife in Warwickshire could produce her clear cowslip wine...the cowslip is still sold in many markets for this purpose, and little cottage girls still ramble the meadows during April and May in search of it...country people use it as a salad or boil it for the table.
Other Old English names for the plant were "paigle" and "drelip". Cowslips were used in England as a garland on maypoles.
The cowslip is the county flower of four counties of England; Essex, Northamptonshire, Surrey, and Worcestershire.
Norwegian poet John Paulsen wrote a poem entitled "Med en primula veris" ("With a primula veris"), later popularized by famous composer Edvard Grieg through a song in his opus 26.
Cuisine
Cowslip leaves have been traditionally used in Spanish cooking as a salad green. Uses in English cookery includes using the flowers to flavour country wine and vinegars; sugared to be a sweet or eaten as part of a composed salad while the juice of the cowslip is used to prepare tansy for frying. The close cousin of the cowslip, the primrose (P. vulgaris), has often been confused with the cowslip and its uses in cuisine are similar with the addition of its flowers being used as a colouring agent in desserts.
From my set entitled
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607213815438/
In my collection entitled “Goldenrod”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldenrod
The goldenrod is a yellow flowering plant in the Family Asteraceae.
About 100[1] perennial species make up the genus Solidago, most being found in the meadows and pastures, along roads, ditches and waste areas in North America. There are a handful of species from each of Mexico, South America, and Eurasia.[1] Some American species have also been introduced into Europe some 250 years ago.
Many species are difficult to distinguish. Probably due to their bright, golden yellow flower heads blooming in late summer, the goldenrod is often unfairly blamed for causing hay fever in humans. The pollen causing these allergy problems is mainly produced by Ragweed (Ambrosia sp.), blooming at the same time as the goldenrod, but is wind-pollinated. Goldenrod pollen is too heavy and sticky to be blown far from the flowers, and is thus mainly pollinated by insects.
Goldenrods are easily recognized by their golden inflorescence with hundreds of small capitula, but some are spike-like and other have auxiliary racemes.
They have slender stems, usually hairless but S. canadensis shows hairs on the upper stem. They can grow to a length between 60 cm and 1.5 m.
Their alternate leaves are linear to lanceolate. Their margins are usually finely to sharply serrated.
Propagation is by wind-disseminated seed or by underground rhizomes. They form patches that are actually vegetative clones of a single plant.
Goldenrod is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species - see list of Lepidoptera that feed on goldenrods. The Goldenrod then forms a leathery bulb (called a gall) around the invading insect as a quarantine to keep it confined to a small part of the plant. Parasitoid wasps have learned to find these galls, and lay eggs in the insect after penetrating the bulb. Woodpeckers have learned to blast open the gall and eat the wasp-infested insect holed up in the center.[2]
Goldenrods can be used for decoration and making tea. Goldenrods are, in some places, held as a sign of good luck or good fortune; but they are considered weeds by some.
Goldenrods are mostly short-day plants and bloom in late summer and early fall and some species produce abundant nectar when moisture is plentiful before bloom, and the bloom period is relatively warm and sunny. Honey from goldenrods often is dark and strong due to admixtures of other nectars. However when there is a strong honey flow, a light (often water white), spicy-tasting honey is produced. While the bees are ripening the honey there is a rank odor and taste, but finished honey is much milder.
British gardeners adopted goldenrod long before Americans. Goldenrod only began to gain some acceptance in American gardening (other than wildflower gardening) during the 1980s. A hybrid with aster, known as x Solidaster is less unruly, with pale yellow flowers, equally suitable for dried arrangements.
Solidago canadensis was introduced as a garden plant in Central Europe, and is now common in the wild. In Germany, it is considered an invasive species that displaces native vegetation from its natural habitat.
Goldenrod is a companion plant, playing host to some beneficial insects, repelling some pests
Inventor Thomas Edison experimented with goldenrod to produce rubber, which it contains naturally.[3] Edison created a fertilization and cultivation process to maximize the rubber content in each plant. His experiments produced a 12 foot tall plant that yielded as much as 12 percent rubber. The rubber produced through Edison's process was resilient and long lasting. The tires on the Model T given to him by his friend Henry Ford were made from goldenrod. Examples of the rubber can still be found in his laboratory, elastic and rot free after more than 50 years. However, even though Edison turned his research over to the U.S. government a year before his death, goldenrod rubber never went beyond the experimental stage.
The variety Solidago virgaurea is a traditional kidney tonic. It has aquaretic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and antiseptic action and seems to increase kidney output.[citation needed] This makes it useful as an agent to counter inflammation and irritation of the kidneys when bacterial infection or stones are present.[4] Such use is in combination with other herbs that create a synergistic therapeutic effect on the urinary system. As in other areas of herbalism, blending creates a therapy greater than the effect of a single herb alone. The aquaretic action is also useful in helping to dissolve kidney stones by diluting their components and preventing them from recurring. See herbal medicine. Goldenrod has also been used as part of a tincture to aid in cleansing of the kidney/bladder during a healing fast, in conjunction with Potassium broth and specific juices.[4] 'Solidago odora' is also sold as a medicinal, for these issues: mucus, kidney/bladder cleansing and stones, colds, digestion.
The goldenrod is the state flower of the U.S. states of Kentucky (adopted March 16, 1926) and Nebraska (adopted April 4, 1895). It used to be the state flower of Alabama, being adopted as such on September 6, 1927, but was later rejected in favour of the camellia. Goldenrod was recently named the state wildflower for South Carolina.
In Midwestern states in the mid-twentieth century it was said that when the goldenrod bloomed, it would soon be time to go back to school--the blossoms appeared in mid- to late August, shortly before the traditional start of school on the day after Labor Day.[5]
In Sufjan Stevens' song, Casimir Pulaski Day, the narrator brings goldenrod to his girlfriend upon finding out that she has been diagnosed with bone cancer. Carrie Hamby's song, Solidago, tells the story of Thomas Edison's experiments with making goldenrod a domestic source of rubber during the 2nd world war.
The Sweet Goldenrod (Solidago odora) is also the state herb of Delaware as of June 24, 1996. [6]
February 2019 check 21/02/2019
Ficaria verna
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the greater celandine, see Chelidonium majus.
Lesser celandine
Flowers (2425723494) cropped.jpg
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Eudicots
Order:Ranunculales
Family:Ranunculaceae
Genus:Ficaria
Species:F. verna
Binomial name
Ficaria verna
Huds. 1762[1][2]
Synonyms[1]
Synonyms[show]
Ficaria verna, (formerly Ranunculus ficaria L.) commonly known as lesser celandine or pilewort,[3] is a low-growing, hairless perennial flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae native to Europe and west Asia. It has fleshy dark green, heart-shaped leaves and distinctive flowers with bright yellow, glossy petals.[4][5] It is now introduced in North America, where it is known by the common name fig buttercup and considered an invasive species.[6][7][8][9] The plant is poisonous if ingested raw and potentially fatal to grazing animals and livestock such as horses, cattle, and sheep.[10] For these reasons, several US states have banned the plant or listed it as a noxious weed.[7][11] It prefers bare, damp ground and is considered by horticulturalists in the United Kingdom as a persistent garden weed.[12][13] Emerging in late winter with flowers appearing March through May in the UK, its appearance across the landscape is regarded by many as a harbinger of spring.[12]
Description
Lesser celandine is a hairless perennial, with spirally-arranged cordate dark-green leaves without stipules. It produces actinomorphic (radially symmetrical) flowers with 3 sepaloid tepals and 7-12 glossy[4] yellow petaloid tepals. Double flowered varieties also occur. The stamens and carpels are numerous, and the fruit is a single-seeded achene with a very short style. In several sub-species, tubers are formed in the leaf axils after flowering.[14]:118 It blooms between March and May in the UK.[15]
.
Distribution
Ficaria verna sensu lato is native to central Europe, north Africa and the Caucasus. It is not native in North America.[16]
Life cycle
Ficaria verna flowers appear in early spring.
Lesser celandine grows on land that is seasonally wet or flooded, especially in sandy soils, but is not found in permanently waterlogged sites.[17] In both shaded woodlands and open areas, Ficaria verna begins growth in the winter when temperatures are low and days are short.[18] The plants mostly propagate and spread vegetatively,[19] although some subspecies are capable of producing up to 73 seeds per flower.[12] Germination of seeds begins in the spring, and continues into summer.[12] Seedlings remain small for their first year, producing only one or two leaves until the second year.[12]
Growth and reproduction is poor in dry or acidic conditions, though the plants can handle drought well once dormant.[12] By emerging before the forest canopy leafs out, Ficaria verna is able to take advantage of the higher levels of sunlight reaching the forest floor during late winter and early spring.[20] By late spring, second year plants quickly age as daylight hours lengthen and temperatures rise.[12] By the end of May, foliage has died back and plants enter a six month dormancy phase.[19]
If disturbed, separation of the plant's numerous basal tubers is an efficient means of vegetative propagation.[18] The plants are easily spread if the prolific tubers are unearthed and scattered by digging activities of some animals and humans.[20][12] Erosion and flood events are particularly effective means of spread, as the plants are very successful at colonizing low-lying floodplains once deposited.[18][21]
Typical root tubers of Ficaria verna. These structures separate easily and can become new plants, allowing the plant to colonize new areas rapidly.
Ficaria verna exists in both diploid (2n=16) and tetraploid (2n=32) forms which are very similar in appearance.[12] However, the tetraploid types prefer more shady locations and can develop up to 24 bulbils at the base of the stalk.[12][19] Subspecies F. verna bulbilifera, F. verna chrysocephalus, and F. verna ficariiformis are tetraploid and capable of colonizing new areas much faster because of bulbil production.[19] Subspecies F. verna calthifolia and F. verna verna are diploid[10][22] and hybrids between subspecies often create sterile triploid forms.[10]
Ecology as an invasive species
In many parts of the Eastern and Northwestern United States and Canada, lesser celandine is cited as an invasive species.[17] It poses a threat to native wildflowers, especially those ephemeral flowers with a spring-flowering lifecycle.[18] Since Ficaria verna emerges well before most native species, it has a developmental advantage which allows it to establish and dominate natural areas rapidly.[20] It is mainly a problem in forested floodplains, where it forms extensive mats, but can occur on upland sites as well.[20] Once established, native plants are displaced and ground is left barren and susceptible to erosion, from June to February, during the plant's six-month dormancy phase.[23]
In the United States, where lesser celandine is considered a plant pest to gardens, lawns, and natural areas, many governmental agencies have made great effort attempting to slow the spread of this species with limited success.[9] As of 2014, the species was reported to be invasive and established in 25 states.[24] USDA APHIS considers Ficaria verna to be a high risk weed which could spread across 79 percent of the United States, anticipating possible impacts to threatened and endangered riparian species.[9] The U.S. National Park Service's Plant Conservation Alliance recommends avoiding planting lesser celandine, and instead planting native ephemeral wildflowers such as Asarum canadense, bloodroot, the native twinleaf (Jeffersonia diphylla), and various species of Trillium as alternatives.[20]
As an invasive species: Ficaria verna forms a dense carpet in a floodplain forest in Fox Chapel, Pennsylvania
Toxicity
All plants of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae) contain a compound known as protoanemonin[25] When the plant is wounded, the unstable glucoside ranunculin turns into the toxin protoanemonin.[26] Contact with damaged or crushed Ficaria leaves can cause itching, rashes or blistering on the skin or mucosa.[27] Ingesting the toxin can cause nausea, vomiting, dizziness, spasms, or paralysis.[26] In one case, a patient experienced acute hepatitis and jaundice when taking untreated lesser celandine extracts internally as an herbal remedy for hemorrhoids.[28]
Treatment
On drying of these plants, the protoanemonin toxin dimerizes to non-toxic anemonin, which is further hydrolyzed to non-toxic dicarboxylic acids.[29][30] Cooking of the plants also eliminates the toxicity of the plants and the plant has been incorporated in diets or herbal medicine after being dried, and ground for flour, or boiled and consumed as a vegetable.[17][30][31]
The striking yellow flowers of lesser celandine, Ficaria verna
Historical herbal use
Ficaria verna
The plant is known as pilewort by some herbalists because it has historically been used to treat piles (hemorrhoids).[32][33] Lesser celandine is still recommended in several "current" herbal guides for treatment of hemorrhoids by applying an ointment of raw leaves as a cream or lanolin to the affected area.[17][33][34] Supposedly, the knobby tubers of the plant resemble piles, and according to the doctrine of signatures this resemblance suggests that pilewort could be used to cure piles.[35]
Nicholas Culpepper (1616 – 1654), is claimed to have treated his daughter for 'scrofula' (or Kings evil) with the plant.[15]
The German vernacular skorbutkraut ("scurvy herb") derives from the use of young leaves, which are high in vitamin C, to prevent scurvy.[17][36] However, use of lesser celandine to prevent scurvy could be considered a misnomer, tied to its similar appearance to common scurvygrass (Cochlearia officinalis), which shares similarly shaped leaves as well as sharing the german name skorbutkraut.[37] The German Hager's Manual of pharmacy practice of 1900 states Ranunculus ficaria [sic] and C. officinalis both share this name and use,[37] though there was little documentation of the toxicity of untreated Ficaria species at the time.
Most guides today point out that medicines should be made from the dried herb or by heat extraction as the untreated plants and extracts will contain protoanemonin, a mild toxin.[32][33] The plant has been widely used in Russia and is sold in most pharmacies as a dried herb.[38] The protoanemonin found in fresh leaves is an irritant and mildly toxic but is suggested to have antibacterial properties if used externally.[32] The process of heating or drying turns the Ranunculaceae toxin to anemonin which is non-toxic and may have antispasmodic and analgesic properties.[32]
Ficaria verna, lesser celandine, at Killynether wood, Northern Ireland
References in literature
The poet William Wordsworth was very fond of the flower and it inspired him to write three poems including the following from his ode to the celandine:
I have seen thee, high and low,
Thirty years or more, and yet
'T was a face I did not know;
[...]
Ficaria verna, near České Budějovice, Czech Republic
Upon Wordsworth's death it was proposed that a celandine be carved on his memorial plaque inside St Oswald's Church, Grasmere, but unfortunately the greater celandine Chelidonium majus was mistakenly used.[39]
Edward Thomas wrote a poem entitled "Celadine".[40] Encountering the flower in a field, the narrator is reminded of a past love, now dead.[41]
C. S. Lewis mentions celandines in a key passage of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, when Aslan comes to Narnia and the whole wood passes "in a few hours or so from January to May". The children notice "wonderful things happening. Coming suddenly round a corner into a glade of silver birch trees Edmund saw the ground covered in all directions with little yellow flowers - celandines".[42]
D. H. Lawrence mentions celandines frequently in Sons and Lovers. They appear to be a favorite of the protagonist, Paul Morrel;
"...going down the hedgeside with the girl, he noticed the celandines, scalloped splashes of gold, on the side of the ditch. 'I like them' he said 'when their petals go flat back with the sunshine. They seem to be pressing themselves at the sun.'
And then the celandines ever after drew her with a little spell."[43]
Thanks to some half-hearted research, I am able to identify more wild plants now.
Two spikes of these seen in St Maggies yesterday, sadly only had the compact, but the shot came out OK>
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We move this month from the fame of Elder, to a plant of relative obscurity that has been calling my attention. I am not sure whether it is growing in more abundance this year, or whether I am just noticing it more because it has chosen to move into my garden.
Hedge Woundwort is a tall, hairy perennial that grows in hedges, woods and on waste ground, where its tall spires of crimson-purple flowers stand out among the lushness of green growth of other plants. The flowers are arranged in whorls around the central stem. They are hooded, with the lower lip beautifully variegated with white against the crimson background. Bees love this plant and are frequent visitors. The whole plant has a fairly pungent even foetid smell, which is not particularly pleasant. It has dark green pointed-oval leaves that are stalked and toothed.
As its name suggests it has been used as a wound-healing herb and enjoyed quite a reputation in the past, as its other name, Allheal, suggests. Culpeper tells us that it is “inferior to none” in its ability to heal wounds. Although it is little used today it appears that it is a very powerful remedy that we should know more about. As well as being healing to the tissues, it also arrests bleeding and is an antiseptic. I am certainly going to make use of it myself as a first aid remedy.
Woundwort’s latin name is Stachys sylvatica, and it is related to a better known herb , Wood Betony, Stachys betonica, to which it bears some resemblance. They both belong to the Labiatae family and like other members of this family it has a square stem, though this is solid and full of pith, not hollow. Its aroma is very similar to that of Black Horehound, Balotta nigra, another close relative. Like these two plant relatives, Woundwort has antispasmodic and sedative properties when taken internally. I have found references in old herbals to it being used for menstrual and ovary pain, cramps and aching joints.
My personal subjective experience with Woundwort was that it has an uplifting effect on the spirits and I was pleased to find the following confirmation of this in an old herbal: ‘a distilled water of the flowers makes the heart merry, to make a good colour in the face, and to make the vitall spirits more fresh and lively’.
John Gerard, the famous 17th century herbalist, recorded the use of Marsh Woundwort , which is closely related to Hedge Woundwort , by country people when on a visit to Kent:
‘a very poor man in mowing of Peason did cut his leg with the Seith, wherin he made a wound to the bones, and withal very large and wide, and also with great effusion of blood, the poor man crept unto this herb which he brused with his hands, and tied a great quantitie of it unto the wound with a piece of his shirt’. He was soon well, poulticing the wound ecah day with the herb made into a salve with lard. Gerard saw the wound and offered to treat the wound for free, but the man refused saying he could heal it as well himself, which Gerard thought was a clownish answer, whereupon he named the plant ‘Clounes Woundwort’. Gerard was so impressed by the speedy healing of the wound, which took only a week, that he tell us that he went on to use this wonderful herb to heal gentleman badly wounded in pub brawls in Elizabethan London, and a shoemaker’s servant who stabbed himself in the stomach and in the throat- ‘a most mortall wound…in such sort, that when I gave him drink it came forth at the wound, and likewise did blowe out a candle’.
To make an ointment of Woundwort:
Pick a bunch of the herb during its flowering period. Cut it up and bruise it in a pestle and mortar, or give it a good bash with a rolling pin. Place it in a double-boiler (or in a basin over a pan of boiling water) and just cover with olive oil. Apply gentle heat for 2-3 hours. Avoid too much heat or the herbs get deep-fried. Strain the herb through a cloth and measure the oil. For every 100mls of oil you will need 10g of beeswax. Heat the oil again and stir in the bees wax until melted, then pour into clean glass pots and leave to cool and set.
This ointment can be used for all cuts and scratches, making sure the wound has been thoroughly cleaned before applying it. Keep the ointment in the fridge to prolong its shelf life.
www.incredible-edible-todmorden.co.uk/apothecary/hedge-wo...
Datura metel grows in the wild in all the warmer parts of the world, such as India and is cultivated worldwide for its chemical and ornamental properties. It was first described by Linnaeus in 1753, but no botanically correct illustrations or descriptions were made until after the New World was settled. It is not possible to be sure about its original home.
Other Names: Downy Thorn Apple, Devil’s Trumpet, Horn of Plenty, Ghost Egg
Recommended Uses:
The whole plant, but especially the leaves and seed, is anaesthetic, anodyne, antiasthmatic, antispasmodic, antitussive, bronchodilator, hallucinogenic, hypnotic and mydriatic. It has a wide range of applications in India, including in the treatment of epilepsy, hysteria, insanity, heart diseases, fever with catarrh, diarrhoea, skin diseases etc
In China, the plant is used in the treatment of asthma
In Vietnam, the dried flowers and leaves are cut into small chips and used in antiasthmatic cigarettes
Height: 3-5 ft.
Hardiness: Zone 8-11
Flower Color: dark violet
Characteristics: The plant is an annual herb growing up to 3 ft. high. It is slightly furry, with dark violet shoots and oval to broad oval leaves that are often dark violet as well. The pleasantly-scented 6-8 in. flowers are immensely varied, and can be single or double. Colors range from white to cream, yellow, red, and violet.
Uses: medicinal herb, ornament
Growing Instructions:
Start indoors several weeks before warm temperatures. Grow in filtered to direct sun. Water regularly, requires medium to heavy fertilization. Seeds must be scarified with knife. Soak seeds in thermos in warm water for 24 hours. Cover seeds on growing tray with thin layer of vermiculite or compost but needs light to germinate. Place seeds where temperature remains 80 degrees, keeping seeds moist, not soggy. Once germinated move to pot covering roots, placing in indirect light. Plant in ground once true leaves show
Manor Nursery, Angmering, West Sussex.
Primula veris (Cowslip; syn. Primula officinalis) is a flowering plant in the genus Primula. The species is found throughout most of temperate Europe and Asia, and although absent from more northerly areas including much of northwest Scotland, it reappears in northernmost Sutherland and Orkney.
Etymology
The common name "cowslip" derives from the Old English cūslyppe meaning "cow dung", probably because the plant was often found growing amongst the manure in cow pastures.
Folk names
Cuy lippe, Herb Peter, Paigle, Peggle, Key Flower, Key of Heaven, Fairy Cups, Petty Mulleins, Crewel, Buckles, Palsywort, Plumrocks, Mayflower, Password, Artetyke, Drelip, Our Lady's Keys, Arthritica, Buckles, Cuy, Frauenchlussel, Lady's Key, Lippe, Paralysio.
Characteristics and habitat
Primula veris is a low growing herbaceous perennial plant with a rosette of leaves 5-15 cm long and 2-6 cm broad. The deep yellow flowers are produced in the spring between April and May; they are in clusters of 10-30 together on a single stem 5-20 cm tall, each flower 9-15 mm broad. Red-flowered plants do occur, very rarely.
Primula verisIt is frequently found on more open ground than Primula vulgaris (primrose) including open fields, meadows, and coastal dunes and clifftops. The seeds are often included in wild-flower seed mixes used to landscape motorway banks and similar civil engineering earth-works where the plants may be seen in dense stands.
It may be confused with the closely related Primula elatior (oxlip) which has a similar general appearance although the oxlip has larger, pale yellow flowers more like a primrose, and a corolla tube without folds.
Traditional uses
Primula veris contains glycosides, primeverin and primulaverin[L 1] and saponine primula acid A. and is used by herbalists as a diuretic, an expectorant, and an antispasmodic, as well as for the treatment of headaches, whooping cough, tremors, and other conditions. It can, however, have irritant effects in those who are allergic to it.
Cowslip flowers were traditionally used for making cowslip wine, cowslip mead and salads; the 19th century English botanist and illustrator, Anne Pratt, wrote of it:
In the midland and southern counties of England, a sweet and pleasant wine resembling the muscadel is made from the cowslip flower, and it is one of the most wholesome and pleasant of home-made wines, and slightly narcotic in its effects. In times when English wines were more used, every housewife in Warwickshire could produce her clear cowslip wine...the cowslip is still sold in many markets for this purpose, and little cottage girls still ramble the meadows during April and May in search of it...country people use it as a salad or boil it for the table.
Other Old English names for the plant were "paigle" and "drelip". Cowslips were used in England as a garland on maypoles.
The cowslip is the county flower of four counties of England; Essex, Northamptonshire, Surrey, and Worcestershire.
Norwegian poet John Paulsen wrote a poem entitled "Med en primula veris" ("With a primula veris"), later popularized by famous composer Edvard Grieg through a song in his opus 26.
Cuisine
Cowslip leaves have been traditionally used in Spanish cooking as a salad green. Uses in English cookery includes using the flowers to flavour country wine and vinegars; sugared to be a sweet or eaten as part of a composed salad while the juice of the cowslip is used to prepare tansy for frying. The close cousin of the cowslip, the primrose (P. vulgaris), has often been confused with the cowslip and its uses in cuisine are similar with the addition of its flowers being used as a colouring agent in desserts.
Edible Parts: Stems, Leaves,
Edible Uses: Vegetable, Asparagus,
The whole plant can be cooked. It is tasteless if eaten raw, but has a taste like asparagus when it is cooked.
CAUTION: The plant contains several glycosides and is possibly toxic.
Medicinal Uses
Antibacterial; Antispasmodic, Febrifuge, Hypnotic, Nervine, Odontalgic, Ophthalmic, Sedative, Tonic, Warts
An infusion of the root is antispasmodic, hypnotic, nervine, sedative, tonic. It is a good remedy for spasms, fainting spells and various nervous conditions. It has been given to children who suffer from fits, epilepsy and convulsions. The plant was used by some native North American Indian tribes to treat eye problems, the stem was bruised and the clear fluid of the stems applied to the eyes. The juice from the stems has also been used to treat nervous irritability, including fits and spasms. It has been suggested in the past as a possible opium substitute. An infusion of the leaves has been used to treat colds and fevers. The crushed plant has been rubbed on bunions and warts in order to destroy them. A poultice of the plant has been applied to sores that are difficult to heal. The flowers have been chewed in order to bring relief from toothache. Water extracts of the plant are bactericidal.
Nymphaea Caerulea also known as the Blue Egyptian water lily or sacred blue lily, is a water-lily in the genus Nymphaea.
Its original habitat may have been along the Nile and other locations in East Africa. It spread to other locations, however, already in ancient times, like the Indian Subcontinent and Thailand.
The leaves are broadly rounded, 25–40 cm across, with a notch at the leaf stem. The flowers are 10–15 cm in diameter.
Reports in the literature by persons unfamiliar with its actual growth and blooming cycle have suggested that the flowers open in the morning, rising to the surface of the water, then close and sink at dusk.In fact, the flower buds rise to the surface over a period of two to three days, and when ready, open at approximately 9–9:30 am and close about 3 pm. The flowers and buds do not rise above the water in the morning, nor do they submerge at night. The flowers have pale bluish-white to sky-blue or mauve petals, smoothly changing to a pale yellow in the centre of the flower.
The flower is very frequently depicted in Egyptian art. It has been depicted in numerous stone carvings and paintings, including the walls of the famous temple of Karnak. It is frequently depicted in connection with "party scenes", dancing or in significant spiritual / magical rites such as the rite of passage into the afterlife. Nymphaea caerulea was considered extremely significant in Egyptian mythology, since it was said to rise and fall with the sun. Consequently, due to its colourings, it was identified, in some beliefs, as having been the original container, in a similar manner to an egg, of Atum, and in similar beliefs Ra, both solar deities. As such, its properties form the origin of the lotus variant of the Ogdoad cosmogeny. It was the symbol of the Egyptian deity Nefertem.
In modern culture, blue lotus flowers are used to make various concoctions including blue lotus tea, wine and martinis. Recipes for such drinks involve steeping or soaking the petals, about 10–20 grams for up to three weeks. Blue lotus 'tea' is prepared by boiling the entire flowers for 10–20 minutes.
Recent studies have shown Nymphaea caerulea to have mild psycho-active properties. It may have been used as a sacrament in ancient Egypt and certain ancient South American cultures. Eating Blue Lotus can act as a mild sedative. Nymphaea caerulea is distantly related to, and possesses similar activity to Nelumbo nucifera, the Sacred Lotus. Both Nymphaea caerulea and Nelumbo nucifera contain the alkaloids nuciferine and aporphine.The mildly sedating effects of Nymphaea caerulea makes it a likely candidate (among several) for the lotus plant eaten by the mythical Lotophagi in Homer's Odyssey.
This lotus is used to produce perfumes since ancient times; it is also used in aromatherapy.
Used in aromatherapy, Nymphaea caerulea is purported to have a "divine" essence, bringing heightened awareness and tranquility.Some sources cite it as an antispasmodic similar to copal resin.
Shot This Beautiful Flower With My Nikon D3100 with the Basic Kit Lens without filters or extension tube or the technique of reverse macro
The bright yellow, Moccasin-like lip of this flower makes Lady s Slipper easy to recognize when it blooms in spring; however, it has value that goes beyond its decorative look.
Native American Indians used a boiled extract of the roots as a remedy for nervous tension, and early settlers used it as a sleep aid when Valerian was not available.
In the 19th century, Lady s Slipper root was prescribed for hysteria, delirium, irritability, headache, epilepsy, and neuralgia. This plant has sedative and antispasmodic properties.
Edible Parts: Flowers, Leaves,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Drink, Tea, Salad, Potherb,
Leaves - raw or cooked. The leaves are coumarin-scented (like freshly mown hay), they are used as a flavoring in cooling drinks and are also added to fruit salads etc. The leaves are soaked in white wine to make 'Maitrank', an aromatic tonic drink that is made in Alsace. A fragrant and delicious tea is made from the green-dried leaves and flowers. Slightly wilted leaves are used, the tea has a fresh, grassy flavor. The sweet-scented flowers are eaten or used as a garnish.
MEDICINAL USES: Antispasmodic, Cardiac, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Homeopathy, Sedative,
Sweet woodruff was widely used in herbal medicine during the Middle Ages, gaining a reputation as an external application to wounds and cuts and also taken internally in the treatment of digestive and liver problems. In current day herbalism it is valued mainly for its tonic, diuretic and anti-inflammatory affect. The leaves are antispasmodic, cardiac, diaphoretic, diuretic, sedative. An infusion is used in the treatment of insomnia and nervous tension, varicose veins, biliary obstruction, hepatitis and jaundice. The plant is harvested just before or as it comes into flower and can be dried for later use. One report says that it should be used with caution while another says that it is entirely safe. Excessive doses can produce dizziness and symptoms of poisoning. The dried plant contains coumarin and this acts to prevent the clotting of blood - though in excessive doses it can cause internal bleeding. The plant is grown commercially as a source of coumarin, used to make an anticoagulant drug. Do not use this remedy if you are taking conventional medicine for circulatory problems or if you are pregnant. A number of species in this genus contain asperuloside, a substance that produces coumarin and gives the scent of new-mown hay as the plant dries. Asperuloside can be converted into prostaglandins (hormone-like compounds that stimulate the uterus and affect blood vessels), making the genus of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry. A homeopathic remedy made from the plant is used in the treatment of inflammation of the uterus.
OTHER USES: Dye, Red, Soft-tan, Grey-green, Potpourri, Repellent, Strewing
A red dye is obtained from the root. Soft-tan and grey-green dyes are obtained from the stems and leaves. A good ground-cover plant for growing on woodland edges or in the cool shade of shrubs. It spreads rapidly at the roots. It is an ideal carpeting plant for bulbs to grow through. Although the fresh plant has very little aroma, as it dries it becomes very aromatic with the scent of newly-mown grass and then retains this aroma for years. It is used in the linen cupboard to protect from moths etc. It was also formerly used as a strewing herb and is an ingredient of potpourri. It was also hung up in bunches in the home in order to keep the rooms cool and fragrant during the summertime.
Medicinal use of Cow Parsnip:... Cow parsnip was widely employed medicinally by a large number of native North American Indian tribes who used it to treat a wide variety of complaints, but especially as a poultice on bruises, sores etc. It is little used in modern herbalism, though perhaps it merits further investigation. All parts of the plant are antirheumatic, antispasmodic, carminative, febrifuge, odontalgic and stimulant. The leaves are tonic. They have been used in the treatment of colds. A soothing drink made from the leaves is used to treat sore throats. A poultice of the heated leaves has been applied to minor cuts, sore muscles etc. An infusion of the fresh young stems has been used in the treatment of diarrhoea. It has also been used as a wash to remove warts. The plant has been used in the treatment of epilepsy. A tea made from the roots is used in the treatment of indigestion, colds, stomach cramps, rheumatism, sore throats, TB etc. Externally, the root is used as a poultice on sores, bruises, swellings, boils, rheumatic joints, VD scabs etc, whilst a bit of root has been held on an aching tooth to reduce the pain. The root can be crushed, mixed with water and used as an anti dandruff hair wash. The root contains psoralen, which is being investigated for its use in the treatment of psoriasis, leukaemia and AIDS. The seed has been used to treat severe headaches.
Crampbark (Viburnum opulus)
By Christa Sinadinos
Crampbark is a very useful for relieving irregular spasmodic pains of the uterus and ovaries. It is an antispasmodic for all of the pelvic organs including the reproductive tract, the digestive tract, and the bladder. It is useful for reducing menstrual cramps. Crampbark is specifically indicated when there is menstrual pain or pain of the pelvic organs which begins in the back and extends through the loins and down the thighs. Crampbark can be consumed by pregnant women up to two weeks prior to their due date to prepare for labor and to help relieve afterbirth pains.
Even thinking of a pleasant soak in the tub makes hearts leap for joy! Certainly the Egyptians, Greeks and Romans knew how to enjoy a relaxing bath and also the supportive and balancing health benefits were well-known: it stimulates the blood circulation, is antispasmodic and relaxes tense muscles.
Our bath oils gently caress the skin, the goat milk bath keeps it silkily-soft, sea salts and algae purify and detoxify, herbal extracts calm and relax and the sisalnest offers a wonderfully, satisfying scrub. Simply dangle your soul, relax and enjoy our miraculous bath products – isn’t life beautiful?
Allium ursinum is a bulb growing to 0.3 m (1ft) by 0.3 m (1ft in). It is hardy to zone 5 and is not frost tender. It is in leaf 6-Feb It is in flower from May to June, and the seeds ripen from May to July. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Bees, insects. Found in most of Europe, including Britain, east to the Caucasus and W. Asia.
Leaves - raw or cooked. Usually available from late January. One report says that they have an overpowering garlic odor that dissipates on cooking, though our experience is that they are considerably milder than garlic. The leaves make a very nice addition to salads, and are especially welcome as a vital and fresh green leaf in the middle of winter. Flowers - raw or cooked. These are somewhat stronger than the leaves, in small quantities they make a decorative and very tasty addition to salads. The flowering heads can still be eaten as the seed pods are forming, though the flavour gets even stronger as the seeds ripen. Bulb - raw or cooked. A fairly strong garlic flavour, though it is quite small and fiddly to harvest. The bulbs can be harvested at any time the plant is dormant from early summer to early winter. Harvested in early summer, they will store for at least 6 months. The bulbs can be up to 4cm long and 1cm in diameter. The small green bulbils are used as a caper substitute.
Ramsons has most of the health benefits of the cultivated garlic, A. sativum, though it is weaker in action. It is therefore a very beneficial addition to the diet, promoting the general health of the body when used regularly. It is particularly effective in reducing high blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels. It is recognised as having a good effect on fermentative dyspepsia. All parts of the plant can be used, but the bulb is most active. The plant is anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, anticholesterolemic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, cholagogue, depuritive, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, hypotensive, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic, tonic and vasodilator. Ramsons ease stomach pain and are tonic to the digestion, so they can be used in the treatment of diarrhoea, colic, wind, indigestion and loss of appetite. The whole herb can be used in an infusion against threadworms, either ingested or given as an enema. The herb is also beneficial in the treatment of asthma, bronchitis and emphysema. The juice is used as an aid to weight loss and can also be applied externally to rheumatic and arthritic joints where its mild irritant action and stimulation to the local circulation can be of benefit.
The scientific name of this species is Leonotis Nepetifolia. In the Caribbean this strain of Leoonotus, also known as Klip Dagga, is used as a sacred medicine. Chemical analysis of the organic material including the leaves and flowers have yielded diterpenes and coumarines. This species has been shown to posses antispasmodic effects and appears to inhibit acetylcholine and histamine. This makes it a natural anti-histamine. Like many other ethnobotanicals in the world, it's native to tropical Africa, and India.
Convolvulaceae: annual growing to 5 m (16ft 5in) at a fast rate, hardy to zone 9, blue/purple to red flowers from July to September, thickets on mountain slopes, waysides, fields and hedges from sea level to 1600 metres in China, Pantropical, The seed is anthelmintic, anticholinergic, antifungal, antispasmodic, antitumour, diuretic and laxative, It is used in the treatment of oedema, oliguria, ascariasis and constipation, The seed is also used as a contraceptive in Korea, The seed contains small quantities of ergot alkaloids. This has been used medicinally in the treatment of various mental disorders. The pounded plant is used as a hair wash to rid the hair of lice.
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All About Chamomile ( Benefits and Uses)
All About Chamomile ( Benefits and Uses)
Chamomile – A Wonder Herb
Chamomile tea aroma and flavor are unmistakable, but beyond them, chamomile is the remedy for a wide range of diseases. The benefits of chamomile tea should be known to every one of us: it eliminates oxidative stress and free radicals, has anti-allergic and antispasmodic properties. It has antispasmodic properties and regulates intestinal motility (bowel movements), being useful in diarrhea and abdominal cramps.
Chamomile extract is an adjuvant that treats inflammation and irritation caused by acne on face and body. Along with a good skin care and other treatments prescribed by a dermatologist, chamomile extract can be helpful in curing acne. Chamomile has a calming effect on the skin due to the presence of flavonoids and essential oils in its composition and antioxidants find in this plant extract acts as a shield against harmful factors in the external environment.
Chamomile is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. It stimulates blood circulation and helps eliminate toxins. Massage for 20 minutes tonight affected areas with warm chamomile oil. Has silky skin, while gentle and will regain firmness. The skin will remain silky, gentle, and it will regain its firmness.
Infusion of a mixture of chamomile with cornflowers, celandine, mint, artichokes and rattles is effective for liver disease. It relieves pain and decongest, while acting as an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory. It promotes the secretion of digestive juices in the stomach and facilitates digestion. It also helps digestion. It ensures a good health of the liver and proper flow of bile. It increases secretion of hydrochloric acid, bile and enzymes in the stomach, thereby promoting digestion.
Chamomile extracts acts on all body tissues, primarily on the skin and mucous membranes. Chamomile extract is very useful in treating dry, itchy or inflamed skin. It can be useful in calming inflammation and acne skin irritations.
It has very good antiseptic and antibiotic properties and cure biotic infections (infections caused by biotic factors such as bacteria, fungi, etc.). It is a good vermifuge and kills all kinds of intestinal worms. If applied to the hair, he destroys lice and mites, and keeps your hair and scalp protected from infection and damage.
Japanese researchers are confident that if you drink chamomile tea every day, before each meal, blood sugar drops and can prevent diabetic complications.
It heals disorders of the circulatory system, stimulates circulation and detoxify the blood of toxins, such as uric acid, helping to diseases such as rheumatism, arthritis, poor circulation caused by the accumulation of uric acid.
Many Health Benefits of Chamomile Tea
Chamomile is an herb that comes from a flowering plant from the daisy family. Both the fresh and dried flowers of chamomile have been used to create teas for centuries to cure a number of health problems. The active ingredient in chamomile essential oil is known as bisabolol, which has a number of anti-irritant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial properties.
Green tea has become extremely popular of late for its various health benefits and its miraculous effects on skin and body. However, the wonders of Chamomile tea are still unknown to many. There are many beneficial properties that are present in the Chamomile plant which convert easily into a cup of tea.
It has various beautifying effects on the skin. It has an abundance of amazing healing, antioxidant, cleansing and moisturizing properties and is considered a skincare treatment. Infused with great healing properties, chamomile tea accelerates the healing process of minor wounds and also disinfects the wounds. Chamomile tea is an excellent all-natural skin bleach. It lightens the complexion and renders it a healthy glow. It is found to be very effective in soothing skin irritation and sunburns. This magic potion is a powerhouse of antioxidants that help you fight acne and breakouts. It also works wonders to eliminate acne scars. It protects your skin from free radical damage, a chief contributor to premature aging, hence help retaining your youthful charm for long. Placing cooled down chamomile tea bags under the eyes can help reducing under-eye dark circles and eye puffiness. If consumed on a regular basis, chamomile tea nourishes and moisturizes your skin from deep inside.
Chamomile tea is also great for curing stomach cramps as it contains fairly strong antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory constituents. Drinking it twice a day can help relieve the cramps and also helps prevent stomach flu and ulcers. Chamomile tea is also known to help cure irritable bowel syndrome, relieve excessive gas and bloating.
Chamomile tea has also been proven to be highly beneficial in help curing insomnia and other sleep disorders. A cup of chamomile before bed assures a good night’s sleep. It is also known to prevent migraines. As one notices the signs of a migraine, drinking a cup of chamomile tea, can help prevent its onset.
Chamomile tea has a wide variety of benefits. However, as with all herbal products chamomile too has certain side effects. It causes drowsiness, so it is best not to drink it before driving. When consumed in high quantities, chamomile may cause vomiting and skin reactions in some people. Chamomile is considered to be a natural abortive; hence it is not advisable to consume it during pregnancy.
How to Grow and Use Chamomile
The chamomile herb is an extremely useful sleeping agent for many who suffer from mild forms of insomnia. Besides this, a number of health benefits have been reported on consuming chamomile tea. The fresh or dried flowers are steeped in hot water to produce a mild tea which is both soothing and delicious! There are many different varieties of the herb. Some that grow wildly and some that are cultivated for use. Of the many varieties, only two- German chamomile and Roman chamomile- are used for drinking purposes. You can purchase these at your tea store or you can even choose to grow them!
How to Grow Chamomile
German chamomile grows from seeds sown directly in their garden location. The delicate seeds are very tiny and should be handled with care. The best way to plant these is to scatter the seeds over the prepared bed and then gently tapping the soil with the flat side of a hoe or the back of a spade. This variety of chamomile is planted when temperatures hit 10C, so its best to grow chamomile in colder countries. It usually germinates within a week to ten days. Flowering occurs in anywhere between eight to ten weeks. Blooms develop continuously, and once flowering commences, harvesting is possible every ten days to two weeks.
Roman chamomile can be started from seeds or cuttings, or by root division. While German chamomiles can withstand a bit of frost, the Roman variety needs a full sun. The seedling should have a six to twelve inch spacing ad planted in a slightly acidic to neutral soil with good drainage. A rich soil will produce lush leaf growth but few flowers. It is an excellent, but slow-growing, ground cover for cooler areas. Roman chamomile does not tolerate hot, dry weather. It has approximately the same harvest time as German chamomile.
Once harvested both varieties can be dried and stored. They both make excellent teas. One simply needs to add a few chamomile flowers to a cup of hot water and allow it to steep for 4-5 minutes. Since chamomile has an extremely mild flavour, this tea will never be too strong to the taste, but one can steep the tea longer if desired. It is best to avoid any additions to the tea, be it milk, sugar, or honey as it will completely overpower the flavour of the tea. Now, pick a cup, steep the tea, sit back, and enjoy!
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Skullcap is a component of smoking blends with alleged psychoactive effects that are offered as a marijuana substitute. The herbage formerly was used as a sedative and nerve tonic and was even prescribed for the treatment of epilepsy, neuralgia, and sleeplessness. The plant contains the flavonoid scutellarin, which has sedative and antispasmodic effects. A species described under the name Scutellaria arvense is reputed to have psychoactive or hallucinogenic effects.
[Taken from Christian Rätsch's The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants.]
Edible Parts: Leaves, Root,
Edible Uses: Potherb, Vegetable, Emergency Food,
Young shoots - these must be thoroughly cooked otherwise they are poisonous. The native North American Indian tribes would cook them in several changes of water, the end result being a tasteless mush. The leaves can be dried then powdered and used as a thickening agent. Older leaves have been used to wrap up food that was being baked. The leaves would impart a pleasant flavoring to the food. Young flower stalks - cooked. Only used when there was a shortage of other foods, the stalks must be thoroughly cooked or else they are poisonous. It is said that no more than three stalks should be consumed at one meal. Root - cooked. It must be thoroughly cooked or dried before use, otherwise it is poisonous. Rich in starch, a flour can be made from the dried and ground root. The root has a hot flavor, somewhat like ginger. The root is best harvested in the autumn.
CAUTION: The plant is rich in calcium oxalate, this is toxic and if consumed makes the mouth and digestive tract feel as though hundreds of needles are being stuck into it. However, calcium oxylate is easily destroyed by thoroughly cooking or drying the plant.
MEDICINAL USES: Antispasmodic, Blood purifier, Poultice, Styptic
Antispasmodic, styptic. Yellow skunk cabbage was employed medicinally by several native North American Indian tribes who used it mainly as a poultice to treat a variety of complaints. It is little, if at all, used in modern herbalism. Caution is advised, especially if using the plant internally, see the notes above on toxicity. A poultice of roots has been applied to swellings, sores, boils, burns and rheumatic joints. A poultice of the heated blossoms has been applied to rheumatic joints. A poultice of the leaves has been applied to scrofulous sores, burns, cuts, swellings and chest pains. Heated leaves have been applied tot he body in order to draw out splinters and thorns. The leaves have also been used as a general tonic in a herbal sweat bath. The raw root has been chewed by women in order to secure an abortion. A decoction of the root has been drunk as a blood purifier.
OTHER USES: Containers, Lining, Waxed paper
The leaves are large and water repellent, they can be used as a 'waxed paper' and also for lining fruit baskets etc., and for wrapping food in for baking. They were also folded and used as containers for collecting berries, as drinking cups and as a covering or mat for food that was being dried. The plants have very large leaves and form a slowly spreading clump. They can be grown as a ground cover, spaced about 1 meter apart each way.
www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Lysichiton+americanus
Datura metel grows in the wild in all the warmer parts of the world, such as India and is cultivated worldwide for its chemical and ornamental properties. It was first described by Linnaeus in 1753, but no botanically correct illustrations or descriptions were made until after the New World was settled. It is not possible to be sure about its original home.
Other Names: Downy Thorn Apple, Devil’s Trumpet, Horn of Plenty, Ghost Egg
Recommended Uses:
The whole plant, but especially the leaves and seed, is anaesthetic, anodyne, antiasthmatic, antispasmodic, antitussive, bronchodilator, hallucinogenic, hypnotic and mydriatic. It has a wide range of applications in India, including in the treatment of epilepsy, hysteria, insanity, heart diseases, fever with catarrh, diarrhoea, skin diseases etc
In China, the plant is used in the treatment of asthma
In Vietnam, the dried flowers and leaves are cut into small chips and used in antiasthmatic cigarettes
Height: 3-5 ft.
Hardiness: Zone 8-11
Flower Color: dark violet
Characteristics: The plant is an annual herb growing up to 3 ft. high. It is slightly furry, with dark violet shoots and oval to broad oval leaves that are often dark violet as well. The pleasantly-scented 6-8 in. flowers are immensely varied, and can be single or double. Colors range from white to cream, yellow, red, and violet.
Uses: medicinal herb, ornament
Growing Instructions:
Start indoors several weeks before warm temperatures. Grow in filtered to direct sun. Water regularly, requires medium to heavy fertilization. Seeds must be scarified with knife. Soak seeds in thermos in warm water for 24 hours. Cover seeds on growing tray with thin layer of vermiculite or compost but needs light to germinate. Place seeds where temperature remains 80 degrees, keeping seeds moist, not soggy. Once germinated move to pot covering roots, placing in indirect light. Plant in ground once true leaves show
Lavender can be used to calm the central nervous system. It is considered a nervine and a sedative, and under some circumstances, a stimulant. It can be beneficial to treat nervous tension, headaches, migraines, neuralgia, insomnia, and rheumatic joints. It also has antispasmodic and carminative properties. It can be used for nerve related stomach or digestive problems. It also helps to relieve gut cramps.
Emotionally, Lavender is beneficial for treating anxiety, stress, fear, irritability,
depression, melancholy, and it balances intense mood swings. It is useful for
hormone related nervous system imbalances such as p.m.s. and it an be used for menopausal women with mood swings or irritability.
Some individuals may experience more of a stimulating, restorative or regenerative effect on the nervous system. It is uplifting, refreshing, and balancing.
Lavender essential oil can be used to disinfect sick rooms. It has antiseptic and antimicrobial properties. It works wonderfully as a topical application for burns. It can be used to reduce irritation and itching associated with poison oak, eczema, dermatitis, and psoriasis. The essential oil applied neat is an effective first aid remedy for bee-stings, wasp stings, spider bites, mosquito bites, wounds, and for athlete’s foot. Lavender steams can be used to treat colds, flu, and bronchitis.
The Essential Oil:
Lavendula angustifolia is the species commonly used in the perfume industry. The French Lavender (Lavendula angustifolia) is characterized by a high ester content. It also contains: linalol, and linalyl acetate. It helps to normalize blood sugar output for hyperglycemics. Consuming one to two drops of Lavender Spirits prior to a meal can reduce the appetite.
It also has calming, spasmolytic, and restorative properties.
Lavendula latifolia, or Spike Lavender has a higher camphor and cineole content, which renders it more useful as a disinfectant. It contains: cineole, terpene alcohols, terpene ketone (camphor.) It can be used to treat colds and flus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, Candida, infected hair follicles, Bacterial Vaginosis, and HPV. It can be used topically on cuts, wounds, bites, acne, pimples and black heads. L. hybrida is a chemotype that also has similar disinfectant properties. This species is higher in: borneol, and terpines.
When you have diarrhea and vomiting, you can say you've got the "stomach flu." These signs and symptoms regularly are because of a condition called gastroenteritis. With gastroenteritis, your belly and intestines are irritated and inflamed. The cause is typically a viral or bacterial contamination. Although it's commonly called belly flu, gastroenteritis isn't similar to influenza. Influenza impacts the respiratory, i.e. the nostril, throat, and lungs.
Gastroenteritis, on the other hand, attacks your intestines, causing signs and symptoms and symptoms, which include:
Watery, normally nonblood diarrhea
Abdominal cramps and ache
Nausea, vomiting or both
Occasional muscle aches or a headache
Low-temperature fever
Depending on the cause, viral gastroenteritis symptoms might also appear within one to three days when you're infected and might range from moderate to intense. Symptoms generally last only a day or two, however occasionally they will persist as long as 10 days.
Just because the symptoms are comparable, it is easy to confuse viral diarrhea with diarrhea resulting from bacteria, which includes Clostridium, salmonella or parasites. Parasites also can cause gastroenteritis, however, it's not usual. You get infected by micro-organisms like giardia and cryptosporidium in contaminated swimming pools or through consuming infected water.
There are also other ways to catch Gastroenteritis:
Heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, or mercury) in drinking water.
Eating quite a few acidic ingredients, like citrus fruit and tomatoes.
Toxins that might be in seafood.
Medications which include antibiotics, antacids, laxatives, and chemotherapy capsules.
Immunodeficiency.
Remedies:-
1. Rehydration is essential with adequate colonial liquids is needed with electrolytes.
2. If fever persists, then antibiotics should be started with paracetamol and antispasmodics.
3. In rare cases, IV antibiotics may be needed.
4. Medications may be needed to stop vomiting and diarrhea if not controlled.
A very poisonous plant, the toxins are especially concentrated in the seed. The stems contain up to 0.06% of the toxic alkaloids, the leaves between 0.03 and 0.8%, the flowers from 0.09 to 0.24% and the green fruit from 0.73 to 0.98%. The toxins, however, are very volatile and decompose readily, especially when the plant is dried or cooked. The toxins paralyze the respiratory nerves, causing death by suffocation. Children have been known to die after using the hollow stems as blowpipes. The poisonous nature of the plant varies considerably, with many people believing that the plant is less toxic when grown in cooler climates.
MEDICINAL USES: Analgesic; Antirheumatic; Antispasmodic; Cancer; Emetic; Galactofuge; Homeopathy; Sedative.
Hemlock is a very poisonous plant that has a long history of medicinal use, though it is very rarely used in modern herbalism. It is a narcotic plant that sedates and relieves pain. The plant contains coniine, an extremely toxic substance that can also cause congenital defects. The whole plant is analgesic, antispasmodic, emetic, galactofuge and sedative. It is a traditional folk treatment for cancer and was formerly widely used internally in very small doses to treat a variety of complaints including tumors, epilepsy, whooping cough, rabies and as an antidote to strychnine poisoning. It is still used externally, usually in ointments and oils, in the treatment of mastitis, malignant tumors (especially breast cancer) anal fissure and hemorrhoids. The leaves and stems should be harvested when the first fruits are forming, since they are then at their most active medicinally. The fruits are gathered either when fully ripe, or before they turn from green to yellow, and are then dried. Because of the extremely toxic nature of this herb, it is seldom employed nowadays. Use with extreme caution and only under the guidance of a qualified practitioner. See also the notes above on toxicity. A homeopathic remedy is prepared from a tincture of the fresh plant, harvested when in flower It is used for treating complaints such as dizziness, coughs, insomnia, exhaustion, arteriosclerosis and prostate problems.
Edible Parts: Leaves, Flowers
Edible Uses: Tea.
An aromatic, slightly bitter tea can be made by infusing the dried leaves in boiling water for 5 - 10 minutes. A sweeter tea can be made by infusing the fresh or dried flowers.
CAUTION: The leaves contain rotenone and coumarin, though the quantities are not given. Rotenone is used as an insecticide and coumarin can prevent the blood from clotting. Hairs on the leaves can act as an irritant.
MEDICINAL USES: Anodyne; Antiseptic; Astringent; Demulcent; Emollient; Expectorant; Homeopathy; Narcotic;
Odontalgic; Vulnerary.
Great mullein is a commonly used domestic herbal remedy, valued for its efficacy in the treatment of pectoral complaints. It acts by reducing the formation of mucus and stimulating the coughing up of phlegm, and is a specific treatment for tracheitis and bronchitis. The leaves and the flowers are anodyne, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, demulcent, diuretic, emollient, expectorant and vulnerary. An infusion is taken internally in the treatment of a wide range of chest complaints and also to treat diarrhea. The plant combines well with other expectorants such as coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris). Externally, a poultice of the leaves is a good healer of wounds and is also applied to ulcers, tumors and piles. Any preparation made from the leaves needs to be carefully strained in order to remove the small hairs which can be an irritant. The plant is harvested when in flower and is dried for later use. An infusion of the flowers in olive oil is used as earache drops, or as a local application in the treatment of piles and other mucous membrane inflammations. This infusion is also strongly bactericidal. A decoction of the roots is said to alleviate toothache and also relieve cramps and convulsions. The juice of the plant and powder made from the dried roots is said to quickly remove rough warts when rubbed on them. It is not thought to be so useful for smooth warts. The seeds are slightly narcotic and also contain saponins. A poultice made from the seeds and leaves is used to draw out splinters. A decoction of the seeds is used to soothe chilblains and chapped skin. A homeopathic remedy is made from the fresh leaves. It is used in the treatment of long-standing headaches accompanied with oppression of the ear.
OTHER USES: Dye; Insecticide; Insulation; Lighting; Tinder; Wick.
A yellow dye is obtained from the flowers by boiling them in water. When used with dilute sulphuric acid they produce a rather permanent green dye, this becomes brown with the addition of alkalis. An infusion of the flowers is sometimes used to dye the hair a golden color. The flowering stems can be dipped in wax and used as torches. The down on the leaves and stems makes an excellent tinder when quite dry. It is also used as an insulation in shoes to keep the feet warm and to make wicks for candle. One report says that the leaves contain rotenone, though it does not say in what quantity. Rotenone is used as an insecticide.
Chipmunk eating Cow Parsnip seeds
Edible Parts: Flowers, Leaves, Root, Stem, Seeds,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Salt, Vegetable, Salad, Potherb,
Root - cooked. Used like potatoes, though it is considered to be poisonous by some writers The peeled stem can be eaten raw but is best cooked. The unpeeled stem can be used when young, or just the inner tissue of older stems can be used, before the plants flower. For people not used to the flavor, they are best cooked in two changes of water when they make a tasty celery-like vegetable. Another report says that, despite the strong odor of the leaves and outer skin, the peeled young stems are mild and sweet, resembling celery in flavor. The stems cannot be eaten raw in large quantities because they give a burning sensation in the mouth. The stems are highly nutritious, containing up to 18% protein. Leaves and young shoots - raw or cooked. Cooked as greens or added to salads. Young flowers. No further details. The dried seeds are used as a flavoring for soups, stews and potato salads. The dried base of the plant and ashes from the burnt leaves are used as a salt substitute.
CAUTION: Many members of this genus, including this species, contain furanocoumarins. These have carcinogenic, mutagenic and phototoxic properties. The fresh foliage can cause dermatitis. If the juice and hairs of the outer skin are left on the face and mouth, they can cause blisters. This effect is especially prevalent for people with fair complexions.
MEDICINAL USES: Antidandruff, Antirheumatic, Antispasmodic, Carminative, Febrifuge, Odontalgic, Stimulant, TB, Tonic,
Cow parsnip was widely employed medicinally by a large number of native North American Indian tribes who used it to treat a wide variety of complaints, but especially as a poultice on bruises, sores etc.. It is little used in modern herbalism, though perhaps it merits further investigation. All parts of the plant are antirheumatic, antispasmodic, carminative, febrifuge, odontalgic and stimulant. The leaves are tonic. They have been used in the treatment of colds. A soothing drink made from the leaves is used to treat sore throats. A poultice of the heated leaves has been applied to minor cuts, sore muscles etc.. An infusion of the fresh young stems has been used in the treatment of diarrhea. It has also been used as a wash to remove warts. The plant has been used in the treatment of epilepsy. A tea made from the roots is used in the treatment of indigestion, colds, stomach cramps, rheumatism, sore throats, TB etc.. Externally, the root is used as a poultice on sores, bruises, swellings, boils, rheumatic joints, VD scabs etc, while a bit of root has been held on an aching tooth to reduce the pain. The root can be crushed, mixed with water and used as an antidandruff hair wash. The root contains psoralen, which is being investigated for its use in the treatment of psoriasis, leukaemia and AIDS. The seed has been used to treat severe headaches.
OTHER USES: Dye, Yellow, Whistles, Flutes, Straws, Packing, Repellent
Whistles, flutes, straws etc can be made from the hollow stems. The leaves are used as a covering for baskets of fruit etc.. A yellow dye is obtained from the roots. An infusion of the blossoms, rubbed on the body, repels flies and mosquitoes.
pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Heracleum+sphondylium+...
Looking like Queen Anne's Lace on steroids, cow parsnip stands tall through the summer months. The thick, ribbed, hollow central stalks are crowned with large white umbrella-shaped flower clusters. When peeled with caution to avoid severe skin blistering, these stalks are a tasty addition to the diet, so popular in Native American tradition that the entire plant is commonly called Indian Celery. Although the foliage and exterior skin of cow parsnip are pungent smelling, the inner stalk is mild, sometimes sweet, and tastes like celery. The stalks are popular fresh, but can also be cooked and used in similar applications as celery.
CAUTION: The juices of this plant can cause severe blistering if not handled carefully. Gather with caution, because the juices of cow parsnip's outer tissues contain phototoxic compounds. When these juices make contact with skin and the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light(such as sunlight), these compounds cause the skin to discolor or even blister. Always wear gloves when handling the plant. Break or cut the newly developed central stalks near their base and secure away from skin. Peel the outer layer of the stalk and dispose of it carefully, then wash the interior stalk thoroughly before using. Also, be certain that you are gathering the right plant. There are poisonous plants with similarly shaped and colored flowers, such as Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum). These plants do not have the large, hollow stalks of cow parsnip, but can be confused by inexperienced harvesters. The stalk of poison hemlock is not ribbed, it is smooth and can grow as high as 8 to 10 feet. If unsure, avoid cow parsnip altogether. *
*Pacific Northwest Foraging, by Douglas Deur, Timber Press.
Technical: Aperture f/6.3, shutter speed 1/250, focus on bee and blue borage plant, natural light, 12:27 pm, lens 35mm.
Composition: Rhythm and emphasis. Color harmony blue and magenta. Color contrast blue and yellow. Rule of thirds.
Content: Bees around Blue Borage at Qorikancha gardens.
Borage is not only a honey plant, but also one of the most famous ancient spices and a valuable herb. It is traditionally cultivated as a vegetable type and spice, but it is also gwon for pharmaceutical purposes, because of the oil extracted from its seeds, which is often called “star flower oil” or “borage oil”. Special honey plants are characterized mainly by the beneficial effect they have for honey production.
Medicine:
Its leaves and flowers have anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and tranquilizing effect. It is also used as a diuretic and has a beneficial effect for stomach, kidney and rheumatic pains.
Cosmetics:
The plant is used as an ingredient of many skin rejuvenating lotions and creams.
Organic farming:
It is mainly used for soil fertilization.
Reference:
kiwimana.co.nz/borage-good-for-bees
Photography: © GALIANO PRODUCCIONES
Contact me:
wa.me/51979359258
m.me/GalianoProducciones
(+51)979359258
www.fb.com/GalianoProducciones
#Photography #CuscoRegion #Cusco #Coricancha #Perú #Qorikancha #Borage #Borraja #TemploDelSol #TempleOfSun #BlueBorage #BorrajaAzul #Avejas #Bees #Plants #Color #Rhythm #Emphasis #ColorHarmony #ColorContrast #FrancescoGaliano #GalianoProducciones
Edible Parts: Flowers; Leaves; Root; Stem.
Edible Uses: Tea.
Leaves and young shoot tips - raw or cooked. They can be used in salads or cooked as a vegetable. When boiled they make a wholesome vegetable and are a good source of vitamins A and C. Only use the leaves when they are young. Although they are said to be edible, another report says that an infusion of them can stupefy. Young shoots - cooked. They make a good asparagus substitute. Root - raw, cooked or dried and ground into a powder. Used in spring, it has a sweet taste. Flower stalks - raw or cooked. Added to salads, they are used when the flowers are in bud. The pith of young or older stems - raw or cooked. Slightly sweet, tender and pleasing to eat, though there is not much of it. Gelatinous, it can be used as a flavoring in soups. The stems are said to be a good laxative, but are best not eaten on an empty stomach. A tea is made from the dried leaves, it is sweet and pleasant. Called 'kaporie' tea in Russia, it contains 10% tannin. The leaves are also used as an adulterant of China tea.
MEDICINAL USES: Anti inflammatory; Antispasmodic; Astringent; Demulcent; Emollient; Hypnotic; Laxative; Poultice; Tonic.
Willow herb is often used as a domestic herbal remedy, though it is little used in conventional herbalism. The herb is antispasmodic, astringent, demulcent, emollient, hypnotic, laxative and tonic. It is used in the treatment of diarrhea, mucous colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. The plant is used in Germany and Austria to treat prostate problems. A poultice of the leaves is applied to mouth ulcers. An extract of the leaves has anti-inflammatory activity. An ointment made from the leaves has been used to soothe skin problems in children. A tea made from the leaves and roots is a folk remedy for dysentery and abdominal cramps. A poultice made from the peeled roots is applied to burns, skin sores, swellings, boils etc..
OTHER USES: Fiber; Stuffing; Tinder; Weather protection.
A fiber obtained from the outer stems is used to make cordage. The 'cottony' seed hairs are used as a stuffing material or as a tinder. The powdered inner cortex is applied to the hands and face to give protection from the cold.
www.pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Epilobium+angustif...
Edible Parts: Leaves, Root,
Edible Uses: Potherb, Vegetable, Emergency Food,
Young shoots - these must be thoroughly cooked otherwise they are poisonous. The native North American Indian tribes would cook them in several changes of water, the end result being a tasteless mush. The leaves can be dried then powdered and used as a thickening agent. Older leaves have been used to wrap up food that was being baked. The leaves would impart a pleasant flavoring to the food. Young flower stalks - cooked. Only used when there was a shortage of other foods, the stalks must be thoroughly cooked or else they are poisonous. It is said that no more than three stalks should be consumed at one meal. Root - cooked. It must be thoroughly cooked or dried before use, otherwise it is poisonous. Rich in starch, a flour can be made from the dried and ground root. The root has a hot flavor, somewhat like ginger. The root is best harvested in the autumn.
CAUTION: The plant is rich in calcium oxalate, this is toxic and if consumed makes the mouth and digestive tract feel as though hundreds of needles are being stuck into it. However, calcium oxylate is easily destroyed by thoroughly cooking or drying the plant.
MEDICINAL USES: Antispasmodic, Blood purifier, Poultice, Styptic
Antispasmodic, styptic. Yellow skunk cabbage was employed medicinally by several native North American Indian tribes who used it mainly as a poultice to treat a variety of complaints. It is little, if at all, used in modern herbalism. Caution is advised, especially if using the plant internally, see the notes above on toxicity. A poultice of roots has been applied to swellings, sores, boils, burns and rheumatic joints. A poultice of the heated blossoms has been applied to rheumatic joints. A poultice of the leaves has been applied to scrofulous sores, burns, cuts, swellings and chest pains. Heated leaves have been applied tot he body in order to draw out splinters and thorns. The leaves have also been used as a general tonic in a herbal sweat bath. The raw root has been chewed by women in order to secure an abortion. A decoction of the root has been drunk as a blood purifier.
OTHER USES: Containers, Lining, Waxed paper
The leaves are large and water repellent, they can be used as a 'waxed paper' and also for lining fruit baskets etc., and for wrapping food in for baking. They were also folded and used as containers for collecting berries, as drinking cups and as a covering or mat for food that was being dried. The plants have very large leaves and form a slowly spreading clump. They can be grown as a ground cover, spaced about 1 meter apart each way.
www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Lysichiton+americanus
Edible Parts: Flowers, Leaves, Root, Stem, Seeds,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Salt, Vegetable, Salad, Potherb,
Root - cooked. Used like potatoes, though it is considered to be poisonous by some writers The peeled stem can be eaten raw but is best cooked. The unpeeled stem can be used when young, or just the inner tissue of older stems can be used, before the plants flower. For people not used to the flavor, they are best cooked in two changes of water when they make a tasty celery-like vegetable. Another report says that, despite the strong odor of the leaves and outer skin, the peeled young stems are mild and sweet, resembling celery in flavor. The stems cannot be eaten raw in large quantities because they give a burning sensation in the mouth. The stems are highly nutritious, containing up to 18% protein. Leaves and young shoots - raw or cooked. Cooked as greens or added to salads. Young flowers. No further details. The dried seeds are used as a flavoring for soups, stews and potato salads. The dried base of the plant and ashes from the burnt leaves are used as a salt substitute.
CAUTION: Many members of this genus, including this species, contain furanocoumarins. These have carcinogenic, mutagenic and phototoxic properties. The fresh foliage can cause dermatitis. If the juice and hairs of the outer skin are left on the face and mouth, they can cause blisters. This effect is especially prevalent for people with fair complexions.
MEDICINAL USES: Antidandruff, Antirheumatic, Antispasmodic, Carminative, Febrifuge, Odontalgic, Stimulant, TB, Tonic,
Cow parsnip was widely employed medicinally by a large number of native North American Indian tribes who used it to treat a wide variety of complaints, but especially as a poultice on bruises, sores etc.. It is little used in modern herbalism, though perhaps it merits further investigation. All parts of the plant are antirheumatic, antispasmodic, carminative, febrifuge, odontalgic and stimulant. The leaves are tonic. They have been used in the treatment of colds. A soothing drink made from the leaves is used to treat sore throats. A poultice of the heated leaves has been applied to minor cuts, sore muscles etc.. An infusion of the fresh young stems has been used in the treatment of diarrhea. It has also been used as a wash to remove warts. The plant has been used in the treatment of epilepsy. A tea made from the roots is used in the treatment of indigestion, colds, stomach cramps, rheumatism, sore throats, TB etc.. Externally, the root is used as a poultice on sores, bruises, swellings, boils, rheumatic joints, VD scabs etc, while a bit of root has been held on an aching tooth to reduce the pain. The root can be crushed, mixed with water and used as an antidandruff hair wash. The root contains psoralen, which is being investigated for its use in the treatment of psoriasis, leukaemia and AIDS. The seed has been used to treat severe headaches.
OTHER USES: Dye, Yellow, Whistles, Flutes, Straws, Packing, Repellent
Whistles, flutes, straws etc can be made from the hollow stems. The leaves are used as a covering for baskets of fruit etc.. A yellow dye is obtained from the roots. An infusion of the blossoms, rubbed on the body, repels flies and mosquitoes.
pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Heracleum+sphondylium+...
Looking like Queen Anne's Lace on steroids, cow parsnip stands tall through the summer months. The thick, ribbed, hollow central stalks are crowned with large white umbrella-shaped flower clusters. When peeled with caution to avoid severe skin blistering, these stalks are a tasty addition to the diet, so popular in Native American tradition that the entire plant is commonly called Indian Celery. Although the foliage and exterior skin of cow parsnip are pungent smelling, the inner stalk is mild, sometimes sweet, and tastes like celery. The stalks are popular fresh, but can also be cooked and used in similar applications as celery.
CAUTION: The juices of this plant can cause severe blistering if not handled carefully. Gather with caution, because the juices of cow parsnip's outer tissues contain phototoxic compounds. When these juices make contact with skin and the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light(such as sunlight), these compounds cause the skin to discolor or even blister. Always wear gloves when handling the plant. Break or cut the newly developed central stalks near their base and secure away from skin. Peel the outer layer of the stalk and dispose of it carefully, then wash the interior stalk thoroughly before using. Also, be certain that you are gathering the right plant. There are poisonous plants with similarly shaped and colored flowers, such as Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum). These plants do not have the large, hollow stalks of cow parsnip, but can be confused by inexperienced harvesters. The stalk of poison hemlock is not ribbed, it is smooth and can grow as high as 8 to 10 feet. If unsure, avoid cow parsnip altogether. *
*Pacific Northwest Foraging, by Douglas Deur, Timber Press.
Rwanda is known as a country of thousand hills, and is endowed with rich and unique gifts of flora and fauna, including large numbers of endemic species.
Rwanda, which is reaping benefits from improved phytomedicines with antispasmodic, antacid, and insect repellent properties.
Credit: UNDP Rwanda/2017
Technical: Aperture f/6.3, shutter speed 1/250, focus on bee and blue borage plant, natural light, 12:27 pm, lens 35mm.
Composition: Rhythm and emphasis. Color harmony blue and magenta. Color contrast magenta and green. Rule of thirds.
Content: Bees around Blue Borage at Qorikancha gardens.
Borage is not only a honey plant, but also one of the most famous ancient spices and a valuable herb. It is traditionally cultivated as a vegetable type and spice, but it is also gwon for pharmaceutical purposes, because of the oil extracted from its seeds, which is often called “star flower oil” or “borage oil”. Special honey plants are characterized mainly by the beneficial effect they have for honey production.
Medicine:
Its leaves and flowers have anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and tranquilizing effect. It is also used as a diuretic and has a beneficial effect for stomach, kidney and rheumatic pains.
Cosmetics:
The plant is used as an ingredient of many skin rejuvenating lotions and creams.
Organic farming:
It is mainly used for soil fertilization.
Reference:
kiwimana.co.nz/borage-good-for-bees
Photography: © GALIANO PRODUCCIONES
Contact me:
wa.me/51979359258
m.me/GalianoProducciones
(+51)979359258
www.fb.com/GalianoProducciones
#Photography #CuscoRegion #Cusco #Coricancha #Perú #Qorikancha #Borage #Borraja #TemploDelSol #TempleOfSun #BlueBorage #BorrajaAzul #Avejas #Bees #Plants #Color #Rhythm #Emphasis #ColorHarmony #ColorContrast #FrancescoGaliano #GalianoProducciones
While driving to Phillip's Lake on the AB/BC border, I saw this beautiful, purple plant growing out of the side of a rocky cliff. I thought it might be skullcap, so I stopped to investiage. I am always looking for new plants to discover. Years ago, I used to take this plant to help my sore muscles working as an RN. It worked!
This is the first time that I have seen this plant in the wild. I did not pick it, as I am not sure if it is rare. If this is NOT in fact skullcap, please let me know! At any rate, the medicnal uses are as follows:
Nerves,epilepsy,chronic exhaustion,anti-inflammatory, insomnia, excitability, nervous headache, severe hiccups, antiarrthritic, spasms.
Therapeutic action: "Nervine, Tonic, Antispasmodic, slightly astrigent and somewhat diuretic." (Wild Rose College of Natural Healing Ltd.)
Wild plants photographed at Mallygill Wood, West Rainton, Co. Durham.
Primula are herbaceous or semi-evergreen perennials, forming a basal rosette of simple leaves, with salver-shaped or bell-shaped flowers which may be solitary or carried in an umbel or in whorls on an erect stem
Primroses are rosette-forming herbaceous perennials, sometimes grown as annuals, with clusters of solitary flowers arising from the rosette in late winter or early spring.
Primroses have a very long history of medicinal use and has been particularly employed in treating conditions involving spasms, cramps, paralysis and rheumatic pains. They are, however, considered to be less effective than the related P. veris.
The plant contains saponins, which have an expectorant effect, and salicylates which are the main ingredient of aspirin and have anodyne, anti-inflammatory and febrifuge effects. This remedy should not be prescribed for pregnant women, patients who are sensitive to aspirin, or those taking anti-coagulant drugs such as warfarin.
The roots and the flowering herb are anodyne, antispasmodic, astringent, emetic, sedative and vermifuge. An infusion of the roots is a good remedy against nervous headaches. The roots are harvested in the autumn when two or three years old and dried for later use. An ointment has been made from the plant and used for treating skin wounds.
Technical: Aperture f/6.3, shutter speed 1/320, focus on bee and blue borage plant, natural light, 1:02 pm, lens 300mm.
Composition: Emphasis. Color harmony blue and magenta. Color contrast blue and yellow. Rule of thirds.
Content: Bees around Blue Borage at Qorikancha gardens.
Borage is not only a honey plant, but also one of the most famous ancient spices and a valuable herb. It is traditionally cultivated as a vegetable type and spice, but it is also gwon for pharmaceutical purposes, because of the oil extracted from its seeds, which is often called “star flower oil” or “borage oil”. Special honey plants are characterized mainly by the beneficial effect they have for honey production.
Medicine:
Its leaves and flowers have anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and tranquilizing effect. It is also used as a diuretic and has a beneficial effect for stomach, kidney and rheumatic pains.
Cosmetics:
The plant is used as an ingredient of many skin rejuvenating lotions and creams.
Organic farming:
It is mainly used for soil fertilization.
Reference:
kiwimana.co.nz/borage-good-for-bees
Photography: © GALIANO PRODUCCIONES
Contact me:
wa.me/51979359258
m.me/GalianoProducciones
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Lobelia. Latin: Lobelia erinus pendula. Swedish: Hänglobelia
Medicinal use:
Native Americans used lobelia to treat respiratory and muscle disorders, and as a purgative. Today it is used to treat asthma and food poisoning, and is often used as part of smoking cessation programs. It is a physical relaxant, and can serve as a nerve depressant, easing tension and panic. The species used most commonly in modern herbalism is Lobelia inflata (Indian Tobacco).Extracts of Lobelia inflata contain lobeline, which showed positive effects in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tumor cells. Furthermore, lobeline can be modified to lobelane which decreased methamphetamine self-administration in rats.[10] It therefore opens a perspective in methamphetamine dependency treatment. As used in North America, lobelia's medicinal properties include the following: emetic (induces vomiting), stimulant, antispasmodic, expectorant, diaphoretic, relaxant, nauseant, sedative, diuretic, and nervine. It has been used as "asthmador" in Appalachian folk medicine. Because of its similarity to nicotine, the internal use of lobelia may be dangerous to susceptible populations, including children, pregnant women, and individuals with cardiac disease. Excessive use will cause nausea and vomiting. It is not recommended for use by pregnant women and is best administered by a practitioner qualified in its use. Several studies show that lobelia is ineffective in helping people to quit smoking. Two species, Lobelia siphilitica and Lobelia cardinalis, were considered a cure for syphilis. Wikipedia article.
Vebascum pulvurulentum
Famiglia Scrophulariaceae
Nome italiano: Verbasco candelabro per la forma dei rami superiori.
Pianta rara, in Europa la si ritrova nella penisola iberica, al centro: Belgio Germania Svizzera e Austria.
Nella medicina popolare della Sardegna veniva utilizzato come antispasmodico intestinale e per lenire piaghe della pelle , con i fusti e i rami i contadini fabbricavano delle scope rustiche.
Tritato e polverizzato veniva utilizzato per la pesca delle trote e anguille.
Vebascum pulvurulentum
family Scrophulariaceae
Italian Name: Mullein candelabrum for the shape of the upper branches.
Rare plant in Europe is to be found in the Iberian Peninsula, in the middle: Belgium Germany Switzerland and Austria.
In folk medicine of Sardinia was used as an antispasmodic for intestinal and soothe skin sores, with the stems and branches of the farmers fabricated rustic brooms.
Crushed and pulverized was used for fishing for trout and eels.
Vebascum pulvurulentum
Familia Scrophulariaceae
Nombre italiano: gordolobo candelabro de la forma de las ramas superiores.
Plantas raras en Europa se encuentra en la Península Ibérica, en el medio: Bélgica Alemania Suiza y Austria.
En la medicina popular de Cerdeña fue utilizado como antiespasmódico para calmar intestinal y úlceras en la piel, con los troncos y ramas los agricultores fabricaban escobas rústicas.
Triturado y pulverizado se utilizaba para la pesca de truchas y anguilas.
Properties of Lavender French Essential Oil include analgesic, anti-convulsive, anti-depressant, anti-phlogistic, antirheumatic, antseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, bactericide, carminative, cholagogue, cicatrisant, cordial, cytophylactic, decongestant, deodorant, and as a diuretic. Herbalist regards Lavender as the most useful and versatile essential oil for therapeutic purposes. Lavender is the essential oil most commonly associated with burns and healing of the skin. It also has antiseptic and analgesic properties which will ease the pain of a burn and prevent infection. It also has cytophylactic properties that promote rapid healing and help reduce scarring. The scent of Lavender is said to have a calming effect on the body and it can be used to reduce anxiety, stress and promote sleep. Lavender French is a popular choice amongst both aromatherapists and massage therapists for its combination of therapeutic quality and pleasant floral scent.
It is a shrub of spontaneous flora, but it is also cultivated for its pharmaceutical properties.
Licorice reaches up to 1.5 m, with the appearance of bush, with leaves arranged in pairs on one side and the other of a common shaft.The flowers of the plant are blue-violet. The root of the plant is used for therapeutic purposes.
Licorice grows in the leaves of the rivers, the weeds, the uncultivated places. It is harvested in crop three, autumn, after cessation of vegetation or early spring, only secondary roots and lateral rhizomes.
Licorice is a diuretic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and antiulcerous. It has estrogenic action, laxative. It has the effect of fluidizing tracheobronchic and pharyngeal secretions. The herb is especially recommended for hyperacid gastritis and gastric ulcer. It is also used in the following diseases: bronchitis, tracheitis, pharyngitis, cough, urinary disorders, rheumatism, constipation, stimulation of the genital organs and secondary sexual characteristics. Licorice is administered internally as a macerate (1/2 teaspoon per cup) that is drunk during the day. The herb is also used as a powder from which 1-3 g per day is taken, tincture and extract. For short-term treatment of constipation, an infusion of ½ teaspoon of Licorice root can be prepared per 1 cup of water. Drink a cup a day.Also, Licorice root can also be given as a single dose of 1-3 g per day (1 knife tip, 1-3 times a day). ... Read more...
Edible Parts: Leaves, Shoots, Oil
Edible Uses: Oil, Salad, Asparagus,Vegetable, Potherb,
Young leaves - raw or cooked. A bitter flavor. The young tender leaves are mild and make an excellent salad, but the whole plant becomes bitter as it gets older, especially when coming into flower. As a potherb it needs very little cooking. Large quantities can cause digestive upsets. Young shoots - cooked. Used as an asparagus substitute. An edible oil is obtained from the seed. The oil must be refined before it is edible. A pleasant flavor.
MEDICINAL USES: Anodyne; Antipyretic; Diuretic; Homeopathy; Hypnotic; Narcotic; Sedative, Antispasmodic, Digestive, Sedative,
The whole plant is rich in a milky sap that flows freely from any wounds. This hardens and dries when in contact with the air. The sap contains 'lactucarium', which is used in medicine for its anodyne, antispasmodic, digestive, diuretic, hypnotic, narcotic and sedative properties. Lactucarium has the effects of a feeble opium, but without its tendency to cause digestive upsets, nor is it addictive. It is taken internally in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety, neuroses, hyperactivity in children, dry coughs, whooping cough, rheumatic pain etc.. Concentrations of lactucarium are low in young plants and most concentrated when the plant comes into flower. It is collected commercially by cutting the heads of the plants and scraping the juice into china vessels several times a day until the plant is exhausted. This species does not contain as much lactucarium as L. virosa. An infusion of the fresh or dried flowering plant can also be used. The plant should be used with caution, and never without the supervision of a skilled practitioner. Even normal doses can cause drowsiness while excess causes restlessness and overdoses can cause death through cardiac paralysis. The fixed oil from the seeds is said to possess antipyretic and hypnotic properties. A homeopathic remedy is made from the plant. It is used in the treatment of chronic catarrh, coughs, swollen liver, flatulence and ailments of the urinary tract.
OTHER USES: Oil
The seed contains 35.2% of a semi-drying oil. It is used in soap making, paints, varnishes etc..
Edible Parts: Flowers, Leaves, Root, Stem, Seeds,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Salt, Vegetable, Salad, Potherb,
Root - cooked. Used like potatoes, though it is considered to be poisonous by some writers The peeled stem can be eaten raw but is best cooked. The unpeeled stem can be used when young, or just the inner tissue of older stems can be used, before the plants flower. For people not used to the flavor, they are best cooked in two changes of water when they make a tasty celery-like vegetable. Another report says that, despite the strong odor of the leaves and outer skin, the peeled young stems are mild and sweet, resembling celery in flavor. The stems cannot be eaten raw in large quantities because they give a burning sensation in the mouth. The stems are highly nutritious, containing up to 18% protein. Leaves and young shoots - raw or cooked. Cooked as greens or added to salads. Young flowers. No further details. The dried seeds are used as a flavoring for soups, stews and potato salads. The dried base of the plant and ashes from the burnt leaves are used as a salt substitute.
CAUTION: Many members of this genus, including this species, contain furanocoumarins. These have carcinogenic, mutagenic and phototoxic properties. The fresh foliage can cause dermatitis. If the juice and hairs of the outer skin are left on the face and mouth, they can cause blisters. This effect is especially prevalent for people with fair complexions.
MEDICINAL USES: Antidandruff, Antirheumatic, Antispasmodic, Carminative, Febrifuge, Odontalgic, Stimulant, TB, Tonic,
Cow parsnip was widely employed medicinally by a large number of native North American Indian tribes who used it to treat a wide variety of complaints, but especially as a poultice on bruises, sores etc.. It is little used in modern herbalism, though perhaps it merits further investigation. All parts of the plant are antirheumatic, antispasmodic, carminative, febrifuge, odontalgic and stimulant. The leaves are tonic. They have been used in the treatment of colds. A soothing drink made from the leaves is used to treat sore throats. A poultice of the heated leaves has been applied to minor cuts, sore muscles etc.. An infusion of the fresh young stems has been used in the treatment of diarrhea. It has also been used as a wash to remove warts. The plant has been used in the treatment of epilepsy. A tea made from the roots is used in the treatment of indigestion, colds, stomach cramps, rheumatism, sore throats, TB etc.. Externally, the root is used as a poultice on sores, bruises, swellings, boils, rheumatic joints, VD scabs etc, while a bit of root has been held on an aching tooth to reduce the pain. The root can be crushed, mixed with water and used as an antidandruff hair wash. The root contains psoralen, which is being investigated for its use in the treatment of psoriasis, leukaemia and AIDS. The seed has been used to treat severe headaches.
OTHER USES: Dye, Yellow, Whistles, Flutes, Straws, Packing, Repellent
Whistles, flutes, straws etc can be made from the hollow stems. The leaves are used as a covering for baskets of fruit etc.. A yellow dye is obtained from the roots. An infusion of the blossoms, rubbed on the body, repels flies and mosquitoes.
pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Heracleum+sphondylium+...
Looking like Queen Anne's Lace on steroids, cow parsnip stands tall through the summer months. The thick, ribbed, hollow central stalks are crowned with large white umbrella-shaped flower clusters. When peeled with caution to avoid severe skin blistering, these stalks are a tasty addition to the diet, so popular in Native American tradition that the entire plant is commonly called Indian Celery. Although the foliage and exterior skin of cow parsnip are pungent smelling, the inner stalk is mild, sometimes sweet, and tastes like celery. The stalks are popular fresh, but can also be cooked and used in similar applications as celery.
CAUTION: The juices of this plant can cause severe blistering if not handled carefully. Gather with caution, because the juices of cow parsnip's outer tissues contain phototoxic compounds. When these juices make contact with skin and the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light(such as sunlight), these compounds cause the skin to discolor or even blister. Always wear gloves when handling the plant. Break or cut the newly developed central stalks near their base and secure away from skin. Peel the outer layer of the stalk and dispose of it carefully, then wash the interior stalk thoroughly before using. Also, be certain that you are gathering the right plant. There are poisonous plants with similarly shaped and colored flowers, such as Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum). These plants do not have the large, hollow stalks of cow parsnip, but can be confused by inexperienced harvesters. The stalk of poison hemlock is not ribbed, it is smooth and can grow as high as 8 to 10 feet. If unsure, avoid cow parsnip altogether. *
*Pacific Northwest Foraging, by Douglas Deur, Timber Press.
Popular with Bullfinches and Mistle Thrush, I just love these berries .. they seem so opalescent!
Guelder rose is a powerful antispasmodic and is much used in the treatment of asthma, cramps and other conditions such as colic .
A red dye is obtained from the fruit & an ink can be made from the dried berries. The wood can be used to make skewers; Used as a cranberry substitute in making, jellies, preserves etc.
Technical: Aperture f/10.0, shutter speed 1/80, focus on bee and blue borage plant, natural light, 12:30 pm, lens 16mm.
Composition: Rhythm. Color harmony blue and magenta. Color harmony red and magenta. Rule of thirds.
Content: Bees around Blue Borage at Qorikancha gardens.
Borage is not only a honey plant, but also one of the most famous ancient spices and a valuable herb. It is traditionally cultivated as a vegetable type and spice, but it is also gwon for pharmaceutical purposes, because of the oil extracted from its seeds, which is often called “star flower oil” or “borage oil”. Special honey plants are characterized mainly by the beneficial effect they have for honey production.
Medicine:
Its leaves and flowers have anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and tranquilizing effect. It is also used as a diuretic and has a beneficial effect for stomach, kidney and rheumatic pains.
Cosmetics:
The plant is used as an ingredient of many skin rejuvenating lotions and creams.
Organic farming:
It is mainly used for soil fertilization.
Reference:
kiwimana.co.nz/borage-good-for-bees
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Minthe prefers to hang out in cool, moist spots with partial shade - like the Garden Restaurant in Kiev. He loves to eat apple mint couscous and drink kykeon (a minty fermented barley drink). If you suffer from a headache, you can rub Minthe on your temples - Minthe has an antispasmodic action characteristic which accounts for his ability to relieve pain.
Yarrow is a very valuable medicinal herb, with much scientific evidence of use in alternative medicine as an antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive, emmenagogue, stimulant, and tonics, vasodilator and vulnerary. Yarrow is used against colds, cramps, fevers, kidney disorders, toothaches, skin irritations, and hemorrhages, and to regulate menses, stimulate the flow of bile, and purify the blood. Medicinal tea is a good remedy for severe colds and flu, for stomach ulcers, amenorrhea, abdominal cramps, abscesses, trauma and bleeding, and to reduce inflammation. The main constituents are volatile oils including linalool, camphor, sabinene, and chamazulene, sesquiterpene lctones, flavanoids, alkaloids including achilleine, polyacetylenes, triterpenes, salicylic acid, coumarins, and tannins which prove these uses in alternative medicine to be effective. Extracts of yarrow exhibit antibiotic activity and may also act as anti-neoplastic drugs. Externally for treating wounds and stopping the flow of blood. Yarrow oil has been traditionally used in hair shampoos. Some caution is advised , large or frequent doses taken over a long period may cause the skin to be more sensitive to sunlight.
Lobelia siphilitica and Lobelia inflata have basically the same uses. Lobelia was a highly prized medicinal plant and used extensively by Native Americans. It was considered a panacea, being used for just about everything that ailed them. Once it was discovered by Europeans and taken back to England they also used it for many illnesses. Lobelia is still used today as an alternative medicine in many parts of the world. Medical research has found the plants constituents to be Piperidine alkaloids including Lobeline, and other carboxylic acids as well as isolobelanine, gum, resin, chlorophyl, fixed oil, lignin, salts of lime and potassium, with ferric oxide. Lobeline stimulates the respiratory center of the brain, producing stronger and deeper breathing, making it very useful in treating many respiratory complaints, such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, whooping cough, spasmodic croup, and pneumonia. While at the same time isolobelanine, relaxes the respiratory and neuro-muscular system and acts as a nervine and antispasmodic. It is a most useful systemic relaxant and a holistic combination of stimulation and relaxation. The seeds contain a much higher percentage of lobeline than the rest of the plant. The whole plant is used as an analgesic, cathartic, emetic, expectorant, diaphoretic, anti-asthmatic, stimulant, antispasmodic, narcotic, and sedative. Used to treat convulsive and inflammatory disorders such as epilepsy, hysterical convulsions, traumatic injuries, tetanus, sores and abscesses, colds and fevers, diphtheria and tonsilitis. When chewed it tastes similar to tobacco and produces effects like those of nicotine. It is used in some antismoking products. Also used for scorpion and snake bites and to induce nausea and vomiting. A poultice of the root has been applied in treating pleurisy, rheumatism, tennis elbow, whiplash injuries, boils, ulcers and hard to heal sores.
Caution is advised as an overdose of lobelia may cause dizziness, nausea, hypotension, vomiting, stupor, tremors, paralysis, convulsions, coma, and death.
Recipe
Infusion: Pour 1 cup of boiling water into l/4 to l/2 teaspoonful of the dried herb and let steep for l0 to l5 min. Drink three times a day. Tincture: take l/2 ml of the tincture three times a day.
Edible Parts:
Edible Uses: Tea.
The herb and the fruit are sometimes used as a tea substitute. The flowers can be used in making mead.
CAUTION: Skin contact with the sap, or ingestion of the plant, can cause photosensitivity in some people. Common side-effects are gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic reactions & fatigue. If used with drugs classed as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine: Prozac, paroxetine: Paxil) symptoms of serotonin syndrome may occur: mental confusion, hallucinations, agitation, headache, coma, shivering, sweating, fever, hypertension, tachycardia, nausea, diarrhea, tremors. St John's wort can reduce the effectiveness of prescription medicine inc: contraceptive pill, antidepressants, immune suppressants, HIV medications, warfarin, digoxin.
MEDICINAL USES: Analgesic, Antidepressant, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Aromatic, Astringent, Cholagogue, Digestive, Diuretic, Expectorant, Homeopathy, Nervine, Resolvent, Sedative, Stimulant, Vermifuge, Vulnerary
St. John's wort has a long history of herbal use. It fell out of favor in the nineteenth century but recent research has brought it back to prominence as an extremely valuable remedy for nervous problems. In clinical trials about 67% of patients with mild to moderate depression improved when taking this plant. The flowers and leaves are analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, astringent, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, nervine, resolvent, sedative, stimulant, vermifuge and vulnerary. The herb is used in treating a wide range of disorders, including pulmonary complaints, bladder problems, diarrhea and nervous depression. It is also very effectual in treating overnight incontinence of urine in children. Externally, it is used in poultices to dispel herd tumors, caked breasts, bruising etc.. The flowering shoots are harvested in early summer and dried for later use. Use the plant with caution and do not prescribe it for patients with chronic depression. The plant was used to procure an abortion by some native North Americans, so it is best not used by pregnant women. See also the notes above on toxicity. A tea or tincture of the fresh flowers is a popular treatment for external ulcers, burns, wounds (especially those with severed nerve tissue), sores, bruises, cramps etc.. An infusion of the flowers in olive oil is applied externally to wounds, sores, ulcers, swellings, rheumatism etc.. It is also valued in the treatment of sunburn and as a cosmetic preparation to the skin. The plant contains many biologically active compounds including rutin, pectin, choline, sitosterol, hypericin and pseudohypericin. These last two compounds have been shown to have potent anti-retroviral activity without serious side effects and they are being researched in the treatment of AIDS. A homeopathic remedy is made from the fresh whole flowering plant. It is used in the treatment of injuries, bites, stings etc., and is said to be the first remedy to consider when nerve-rich areas such as the spine, eyes, fingers etc., are injured.
Other Uses:
Dye; Tannin.
Yellow, gold and brown dyes are obtained from the flowers and leaves. A red is obtained from the flowers after acidification. A red dye is obtained from the whole plant when infused in oil or alcohol. A yellow is obtained when it is infused in water. The plant is said to contain good quantities of tannin, though exact figures are not available.