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Primula veris (Cowslip) is a flowering plant in the genus Primula. The species is native throughout most of temperate Europe and Asia.
It is used medicinally as a diuretic, an expectorant, and an antispasmodic, as well as for the treatment of headaches, whooping cough, tremors, and other conditions. However it can have irritant effects in people who are allergic to it.
Die Echte Schlüsselblume (Primula veris) ist eine Pflanzenart, die zur Gattung der Primeln (Primula) gehört.
Wegen des Saponingehaltes werden die Rhizome einschließlich der Wurzeln arzneilich als Auswurf förderndes Mittel bei Bronchitis verwendet. Volksmedizinisch werden auch die Blüten für ähnliche Zwecke verwendet. Die Wirkung ist beruhigend, krampflösend und hilft bei Husten, Migräne und Schlafstörungen.
Frische junge Schlüsselblumenblättchen können auch Salaten zugesetzt werden.
Im Volksglauben galt die Echte Schlüsselblume als Schutz- und Fruchtbarkeitsmittel. In der nordischen Mythologie zählte sie zu den Pflanzen, die von Elfen und Nixen geliebt und beschützt werden.
Edible Parts: Flowers, Leaves, Root, Stem, Seeds,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Salt, Vegetable, Salad, Potherb,
Root - cooked. Used like potatoes, though it is considered to be poisonous by some writers The peeled stem can be eaten raw but is best cooked. The unpeeled stem can be used when young, or just the inner tissue of older stems can be used, before the plants flower. For people not used to the flavor, they are best cooked in two changes of water when they make a tasty celery-like vegetable. Another report says that, despite the strong odor of the leaves and outer skin, the peeled young stems are mild and sweet, resembling celery in flavor. The stems cannot be eaten raw in large quantities because they give a burning sensation in the mouth. The stems are highly nutritious, containing up to 18% protein. Leaves and young shoots - raw or cooked. Cooked as greens or added to salads. Young flowers. No further details. The dried seeds are used as a flavoring for soups, stews and potato salads. The dried base of the plant and ashes from the burnt leaves are used as a salt substitute.
CAUTION: Many members of this genus, including this species, contain furanocoumarins. These have carcinogenic, mutagenic and phototoxic properties. The fresh foliage can cause dermatitis. If the juice and hairs of the outer skin are left on the face and mouth, they can cause blisters. This effect is especially prevalent for people with fair complexions.
MEDICINAL USES: Antidandruff, Antirheumatic, Antispasmodic, Carminative, Febrifuge, Odontalgic, Stimulant, TB, Tonic,
Cow parsnip was widely employed medicinally by a large number of native North American Indian tribes who used it to treat a wide variety of complaints, but especially as a poultice on bruises, sores etc.. It is little used in modern herbalism, though perhaps it merits further investigation. All parts of the plant are antirheumatic, antispasmodic, carminative, febrifuge, odontalgic and stimulant. The leaves are tonic. They have been used in the treatment of colds. A soothing drink made from the leaves is used to treat sore throats. A poultice of the heated leaves has been applied to minor cuts, sore muscles etc.. An infusion of the fresh young stems has been used in the treatment of diarrhea. It has also been used as a wash to remove warts. The plant has been used in the treatment of epilepsy. A tea made from the roots is used in the treatment of indigestion, colds, stomach cramps, rheumatism, sore throats, TB etc.. Externally, the root is used as a poultice on sores, bruises, swellings, boils, rheumatic joints, VD scabs etc, while a bit of root has been held on an aching tooth to reduce the pain. The root can be crushed, mixed with water and used as an antidandruff hair wash. The root contains psoralen, which is being investigated for its use in the treatment of psoriasis, leukaemia and AIDS. The seed has been used to treat severe headaches.
OTHER USES: Dye, Yellow, Whistles, Flutes, Straws, Packing, Repellent
Whistles, flutes, straws etc can be made from the hollow stems. The leaves are used as a covering for baskets of fruit etc.. A yellow dye is obtained from the roots. An infusion of the blossoms, rubbed on the body, repels flies and mosquitoes.
pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Heracleum+sphondylium+...
Looking like Queen Anne's Lace on steroids, cow parsnip stands tall through the summer months. The thick, ribbed, hollow central stalks are crowned with large white umbrella-shaped flower clusters. When peeled with caution to avoid severe skin blistering, these stalks are a tasty addition to the diet, so popular in Native American tradition that the entire plant is commonly called Indian Celery. Although the foliage and exterior skin of cow parsnip are pungent smelling, the inner stalk is mild, sometimes sweet, and tastes like celery. The stalks are popular fresh, but can also be cooked and used in similar applications as celery.
CAUTION: The juices of this plant can cause severe blistering if not handled carefully. Gather with caution, because the juices of cow parsnip's outer tissues contain phototoxic compounds. When these juices make contact with skin and the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light(such as sunlight), these compounds cause the skin to discolor or even blister. Always wear gloves when handling the plant. Break or cut the newly developed central stalks near their base and secure away from skin. Peel the outer layer of the stalk and dispose of it carefully, then wash the interior stalk thoroughly before using. Also, be certain that you are gathering the right plant. There are poisonous plants with similarly shaped and colored flowers, such as Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum). These plants do not have the large, hollow stalks of cow parsnip, but can be confused by inexperienced harvesters. The stalk of poison hemlock is not ribbed, it is smooth and can grow as high as 8 to 10 feet. If unsure, avoid cow parsnip altogether. *
*Pacific Northwest Foraging, by Douglas Deur, Timber Press.
Edible Parts: Leaves, Root, Seed, Stem,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Salad, Potherb, Garnish, Flavoring,
Leaves - raw or cooked. A delicious aniseed flavor, the young leaves are best since older ones soon become tough. They are often used as a garnish on raw or cooked dishes and make a very pleasant addition to salads. They help to improve digestion and so are particularly useful with oily foods. The leaves are difficult to store dried, though this does not really matter since they can often be harvested all year round, especially if the plants are in a warm, sheltered position. Leaf stalks and flower heads - raw or cooked. A similar aniseed flavor to the leaves. The aromatic seeds are used as a flavoring in cakes, bread, stuffings etc. They have a similar flavor to the leaves and also improve the digestion. The sprouted seeds can be added to salads. An essential oil from the fully ripened and dried seed is used as a food flavoring in similar ways to the whole seed. Root - cooked. Somewhat parsnip-like. The leaves or the seeds can be used to make a pleasant-tasting herbal tea.
CAUTION: Skin contact with the sap or essential oil is said to cause photo-sensitivity and/or dermatitis in some people. Ingestion of the oil can cause vomiting, seizures and pulmonary oedema. Avoid for small children. Avoid if cirrhosis/liver disorders. Diabetics check sugar content of preparation .
MEDICINAL USES: Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antispasmodic, Aromatherapy, Aromatic, Carminative, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Expectorant, Galactogogue Hallucinogenic, Stimulant, Stomachic,
Fennel has a long history of herbal use and is a commonly used household remedy, being useful in the treatment of a variety of complaints, especially those of the digestive system. The seeds, leaves and roots can be used, but the seeds are most active medicinally and are the part normally used. An essential oil is often extracted from the fully ripened and dried seed for medicinal use, though it should not be given to pregnant women. The plant is analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, aromatic, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, galactogogue, hallucinogenic, laxative, stimulant and stomachic. An infusion is used in the treatment of indigestion, abdominal distension, stomach pains etc.. It helps in the treatment of kidney stones and, when combined with a urinary disinfectant like Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, makes an effective treatment for cystitis. It can also be used as a gargle for sore throats and as an eyewash for sore eyes and conjunctivitis. Fennel is often added to purgatives in order to allay their tendency to cause gripe, and also to improve the flavor. An infusion of the seeds is a safe and effective cure for wind in babies. An infusion of the root is used to treat urinary disorders. An essential oil obtained from the seed is used in aromatherapy. Its keyword is 'Normalizing'. The essential oil is bactericidal, carminative and stimulant. Some caution is advised, see notes above on toxicity. The German Commission E Monographs, a therapeutic guide to herbal medicine, approve Foeniculum vulgare for cough, bronchitis, dyspeptic complaints.
OTHER USES: Dye, Yellow, Brown, Essential, Repellent, Strewing
The seed yields up to 5% of an essential oil. This is used medicinally, as a food flavoring, in toothpastes, soaps, perfumery, air fresheners etc.. The flavor of fennel oil depends upon its two main constituents. 'Fenchone' is a bitter tasting element whilst 'anethole' has a sweet anise-like flavor. The proportions of these two ingredients varies according to strain and region. Plants growing in the Mediterranean and southern Europe usually have a sweet oil whilst plants growing in central and northern Europe usually produce a more bitter oil. The quality of the oil also depends upon how well the seed has been dried - the oil from fully ripened and dried seeds being much sweeter and more fragrant. The dried plant is an insect repellent, the crushed leaves are effective for keeping dogs free of fleas. The plant was formerly used as a strewing herb. Yellow and brown dyes are obtained from the flowers and leaves combined.
Asteraceae: a downy or hairless perennial to 60cm, found on dry, grassy meadows, disturbed ground and quite often covering motorway verges. The simple but pretty flowers are 30mm-50mm across, white rayed petals with a bright yellow disc in the middle, flowering from May-September. Leaves are dark green and toothed. Widespread and common. Native to most of Europe, including Britain, from Lapland south and east to the Mediterranean and Siberia.
The leaves can be eaten raw or cooked. The young spring shoots are finely chopped and added to salads. They are rather pungent, they should be used sparingly or mixed with other salad plants.
The whole plant, and especially the flowers have antispasmodic, antitussive, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, tonic and vulnerary properties. It is harvested in May and June then dried for later use. The plant has been employed successfully in the treatment of whooping cough, asthma and nervous excitability. Externally it is used as a lotion on bruises, wounds, ulcers and some cutaneous diseases. A decoction of the dried flowers and stems has been used as a wash for chapped hands. A distilled water made from the flowers is an effective eye lotion in the treatment of conjunctivitis.
Edible Parts: Flowers, Stems, Leaves, Seed,
Edible Uses: Tea, Mead,
The herb and the fruit are sometimes used as a tea substitute. The flowers can be used in making mead.
CAUTION: Skin contact with the sap, or ingestion of the plant, can cause photosensitivity in some people. Common side-effects are gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic reactions & fatigue. If used with drugs classed as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine: Prozac, paroxetine: Paxil) symptoms of serotonin syndrome may occur: mental confusion, hallucinations, agitation, headache, coma, shivering, sweating, fever, hypertension, tachycardia, nausea, diarrhea, tremors. St John's wort can reduce the effectiveness of prescription medicine including contraceptive pill, antidepressants, immune suppressants, HIV medications, warfarin, digoxin.
MEDICINAL USES: Analgesic, Antidepressant, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Aromatic, Astringent, Cholagogue, Digestive, Diuretic, Expectorant, Homeopathy, Nervine, Resolvent, Sedative, Stimulant, Vermifuge, Vulnerary,
St. John's wort has a long history of herbal use. It fell out of favor in the nineteenth century but recent research has brought it back to prominence as an extremely valuable remedy for nervous problems. In clinical trials about 67% of patients with mild to moderate depression improved when taking this plant. The flowers and leaves are analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, astringent, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, nervine, resolvent, sedative, stimulant, vermifuge and vulnerary. The herb is used in treating a wide range of disorders, including pulmonary complaints, bladder problems, diarrhea and nervous depression. It is also very effectual in treating overnight incontinence of urine in children. Externally, it is used in poultices to dispel herd tumors, caked breasts, bruising etc.. The flowering shoots are harvested in early summer and dried for later use. Use the plant with caution and do not prescribe it for patients with chronic depression. The plant was used to procure an abortion by some native North Americans, so it is best not used by pregnant women. See also the notes above on toxicity. A tea or tincture of the fresh flowers is a popular treatment for external ulcers, burns, wounds (especially those with severed nerve tissue), sores, bruises, cramps etc.. An infusion of the flowers in olive oil is applied externally to wounds, sores, ulcers, swellings, rheumatism etc.. It is also valued in the treatment of sunburn and as a cosmetic preparation to the skin. The plant contains many biologically active compounds including rutin, pectin, choline, sitosterol, hypericin and pseudohypericin. These last two compounds have been shown to have potent anti-retroviral activity without serious side effects and they are being researched in the treatment of AIDS. A homeopathic remedy is made from the fresh whole flowering plant. It is used in the treatment of injuries, bites, stings etc., and is said to be the first remedy to consider when nerve-rich areas such as the spine, eyes, fingers etc., are injured.
Other Uses: Dye, Red, Yellow, Gold, Brown, Tannin
Red, Yellow, gold and brown dyes are obtained from the flowers and leaves. A red is obtained from the flowers after acidification. A red dye is obtained from the whole plant when infused in oil or alcohol. A yellow is obtained when it is infused in water. The plant is said to contain good quantities of tannin, though exact figures are not available.
Catnip (Nepeta cataria)
By Christa Sinadinos
Catnip is a mild antispasmodic which is beneficial in cases of digestive cramping. It is a cooling astringent for the digestive tract. Catnip helps to relieve intestinal inflammation, and can be used as an adjunct treatment for diarrhea, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, and Crohns disease.
The aromatic oils will pass through nursing mothers’ breast milk, which can be useful in treating infant colic. The tea is also helpful for children with digestive cramps and restlessness (combine with peppermint and chamomile).
Catnip reduces irritability which can result from fevers and teething. This herb acts as a gentle nervine and sedative. For children who do not like the flavor, pour the strained tea into the bath.
Edible Parts: Flowers, Stems, Leaves, Seed,
Edible Uses: Tea, Mead,
The herb and the fruit are sometimes used as a tea substitute. The flowers can be used in making mead.
CAUTION: Skin contact with the sap, or ingestion of the plant, can cause photosensitivity in some people. Common side-effects are gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic reactions & fatigue. If used with drugs classed as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine: Prozac, paroxetine: Paxil) symptoms of serotonin syndrome may occur: mental confusion, hallucinations, agitation, headache, coma, shivering, sweating, fever, hypertension, tachycardia, nausea, diarrhea, tremors. St John's wort can reduce the effectiveness of prescription medicine including contraceptive pill, antidepressants, immune suppressants, HIV medications, warfarin, digoxin.
MEDICINAL USES: Analgesic, Antidepressant, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Aromatic, Astringent, Cholagogue, Digestive, Diuretic, Expectorant, Homeopathy, Nervine, Resolvent, Sedative, Stimulant, Vermifuge, Vulnerary,
St. John's wort has a long history of herbal use. It fell out of favor in the nineteenth century but recent research has brought it back to prominence as an extremely valuable remedy for nervous problems. In clinical trials about 67% of patients with mild to moderate depression improved when taking this plant. The flowers and leaves are analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, astringent, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, nervine, resolvent, sedative, stimulant, vermifuge and vulnerary. The herb is used in treating a wide range of disorders, including pulmonary complaints, bladder problems, diarrhea and nervous depression. It is also very effectual in treating overnight incontinence of urine in children. Externally, it is used in poultices to dispel herd tumors, caked breasts, bruising etc.. The flowering shoots are harvested in early summer and dried for later use. Use the plant with caution and do not prescribe it for patients with chronic depression. The plant was used to procure an abortion by some native North Americans, so it is best not used by pregnant women. See also the notes above on toxicity. A tea or tincture of the fresh flowers is a popular treatment for external ulcers, burns, wounds (especially those with severed nerve tissue), sores, bruises, cramps etc.. An infusion of the flowers in olive oil is applied externally to wounds, sores, ulcers, swellings, rheumatism etc.. It is also valued in the treatment of sunburn and as a cosmetic preparation to the skin. The plant contains many biologically active compounds including rutin, pectin, choline, sitosterol, hypericin and pseudohypericin. These last two compounds have been shown to have potent anti-retroviral activity without serious side effects and they are being researched in the treatment of AIDS. A homeopathic remedy is made from the fresh whole flowering plant. It is used in the treatment of injuries, bites, stings etc., and is said to be the first remedy to consider when nerve-rich areas such as the spine, eyes, fingers etc., are injured.
Other Uses: Dye, Red, Yellow, Gold, Brown, Tannin
Red, Yellow, gold and brown dyes are obtained from the flowers and leaves. A red is obtained from the flowers after acidification. A red dye is obtained from the whole plant when infused in oil or alcohol. A yellow is obtained when it is infused in water. The plant is said to contain good quantities of tannin, though exact figures are not available.
Edible Parts: Flowers; Leaves; Root; Stem.
Edible Uses: Tea.
Leaves and young shoot tips - raw or cooked. They can be used in salads or cooked as a vegetable. When boiled they make a wholesome vegetable and are a good source of vitamins A and C. Only use the leaves when they are young. Although they are said to be edible, another report says that an infusion of them can stupefy. Young shoots - cooked. They make a good asparagus substitute. Root - raw, cooked or dried and ground into a powder. Used in spring, it has a sweet taste. Flower stalks - raw or cooked. Added to salads, they are used when the flowers are in bud. The pith of young or older stems - raw or cooked. Slightly sweet, tender and pleasing to eat, though there is not much of it. Gelatinous, it can be used as a flavoring in soups. The stems are said to be a good laxative, but are best not eaten on an empty stomach. A tea is made from the dried leaves, it is sweet and pleasant. Called 'kaporie' tea in Russia, it contains 10% tannin. The leaves are also used as an adulterant of China tea.
MEDICINAL USES: Anti inflammatory; Antispasmodic; Astringent; Demulcent; Emollient; Hypnotic; Laxative; Poultice; Tonic.
Willow herb is often used as a domestic herbal remedy, though it is little used in conventional herbalism. The herb is antispasmodic, astringent, demulcent, emollient, hypnotic, laxative and tonic. It is used in the treatment of diarrhea, mucous colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. The plant is used in Germany and Austria to treat prostate problems. A poultice of the leaves is applied to mouth ulcers. An extract of the leaves has anti-inflammatory activity. An ointment made from the leaves has been used to soothe skin problems in children. A tea made from the leaves and roots is a folk remedy for dysentery and abdominal cramps. A poultice made from the peeled roots is applied to burns, skin sores, swellings, boils etc..
OTHER USES: Fiber; Stuffing; Tinder; Weather protection.
A fiber obtained from the outer stems is used to make cordage. The 'cottony' seed hairs are used as a stuffing material or as a tinder. The powdered inner cortex is applied to the hands and face to give protection from the cold.
www.pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Epilobium+angustif...
Edible Parts: Leaves, Root,
Edible Uses: Potherb, Vegetable, Emergency Food,
Young shoots - these must be thoroughly cooked otherwise they are poisonous. The native North American Indian tribes would cook them in several changes of water, the end result being a tasteless mush. The leaves can be dried then powdered and used as a thickening agent. Older leaves have been used to wrap up food that was being baked. The leaves would impart a pleasant flavoring to the food. Young flower stalks - cooked. Only used when there was a shortage of other foods, the stalks must be thoroughly cooked or else they are poisonous. It is said that no more than three stalks should be consumed at one meal. Root - cooked. It must be thoroughly cooked or dried before use, otherwise it is poisonous. Rich in starch, a flour can be made from the dried and ground root. The root has a hot flavor, somewhat like ginger. The root is best harvested in the autumn.
CAUTION: The plant is rich in calcium oxalate, this is toxic and if consumed makes the mouth and digestive tract feel as though hundreds of needles are being stuck into it. However, calcium oxylate is easily destroyed by thoroughly cooking or drying the plant.
MEDICINAL USES: Antispasmodic, Blood purifier, Poultice, Styptic
Antispasmodic, styptic. Yellow skunk cabbage was employed medicinally by several native North American Indian tribes who used it mainly as a poultice to treat a variety of complaints. It is little, if at all, used in modern herbalism. Caution is advised, especially if using the plant internally, see the notes above on toxicity. A poultice of roots has been applied to swellings, sores, boils, burns and rheumatic joints. A poultice of the heated blossoms has been applied to rheumatic joints. A poultice of the leaves has been applied to scrofulous sores, burns, cuts, swellings and chest pains. Heated leaves have been applied tot he body in order to draw out splinters and thorns. The leaves have also been used as a general tonic in a herbal sweat bath. The raw root has been chewed by women in order to secure an abortion. A decoction of the root has been drunk as a blood purifier.
OTHER USES: Containers, Lining, Waxed paper
The leaves are large and water repellent, they can be used as a 'waxed paper' and also for lining fruit baskets etc., and for wrapping food in for baking. They were also folded and used as containers for collecting berries, as drinking cups and as a covering or mat for food that was being dried. The plants have very large leaves and form a slowly spreading clump. They can be grown as a ground cover, spaced about 1 meter apart each way.
www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Lysichiton+americanus
Foeniculum vulgare, Fennel, Komorač, Obični komorač (Hr), Domac, R., 1994, Obični komorač (Hr), Nikolić, T., 2019, 11587 Bot, 20250607 6855 PhotosCROUnije_201
www.inaturalist.org/observations/288129101
English:
Foeniculum vulgare, commonly known as fennel, is a flavorful, aromatic herb belonging to the Apiaceae family (the carrot or parsley family). Native to the Mediterranean region, it is now cultivated and naturalized in many parts of the world.
It has feathery green leaves, yellow flowers, and a bulbous base. All parts of the plant – bulb, leaves, and seeds – are edible and widely used in cooking and traditional medicine.
Interesting facts:
Fennel seeds are used as a digestive aid and to freshen breath after meals.
The plant contains anethole, a compound with a sweet, licorice-like flavor.
In ancient Rome, fennel symbolized courage and was used by warriors.
It is a common ingredient in Mediterranean cuisine and herbal teas.
Fennel attracts pollinators like bees and butterflies and is beneficial in gardens.
English – Medicinal Properties of Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel):
Fennel has been used in traditional medicine for centuries due to its wide range of health-promoting effects. It is valued for its digestive, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
Main medicinal benefits:
Digestive aid: Fennel seeds help relieve bloating, gas, and indigestion. Often used as a natural remedy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Antispasmodic: Helps reduce muscle cramps, especially in the digestive tract.
Relief from menstrual discomfort: Fennel tea is traditionally used to ease menstrual cramps and regulate cycles.
Galactagogue: May help increase breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers.
Respiratory support: Fennel can soothe coughs and throat irritation, especially in herbal infusions.
Rich in antioxidants: Contains compounds like flavonoids that protect cells from oxidative stress.
⚠️ Note: Although generally safe in culinary amounts, high doses or concentrated extracts should be used with caution, especially during pregnancy or if you have hormone-sensitive conditions.
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Hrvatski:
Foeniculum vulgare, poznat kao komorač, je aromatična biljka iz porodice štitarki (Apiaceae), kojoj pripadaju i peršin te mrkva. Podrijetlom je s područja Sredozemlja, ali se danas uzgaja diljem svijeta.
Ima pernato zeleno lišće, žute cvjetove i zadebljanu bijelu stabljiku (gomolj). Sve dijelove biljke – gomolj, listove i sjemenke – koristi se u kuhinji i narodnoj medicini.
Zanimljivosti:
Sjemenke komorača koriste se za poboljšanje probave i osvježenje daha nakon jela.
Biljka sadrži anetol, spoj slatkastog okusa nalik sladiću.
U starom Rimu komorač je simbolizirao hrabrost i koristio se među ratnicima.
Čest je sastojak u mediteranskoj kuhinji i biljnim čajevima.
Privlači pčele i leptire, pa je korisna biljka u vrtovima.
Hrvatski – Ljekovita svojstva Foeniculum vulgare (komorač):
Komorač se stoljećima koristi u narodnoj medicini zbog svojih blagotvornih učinaka na zdravlje. Posebno je cijenjen zbog protuupalnih, antimikrobnih i probavnih svojstava.
Glavne ljekovite koristi:
Pomoć probavi: Sjemenke komorača ublažavaju nadutost, vjetrove i probavne smetnje. Čest je prirodni lijek kod sindroma iritabilnog crijeva (IBS).
Antispazmodik: Pomaže u smanjenju grčeva, osobito u crijevima.
Ublažavanje menstrualnih tegoba: Čaj od komorača tradicionalno se koristi za olakšavanje menstrualnih bolova i regulaciju ciklusa.
Galaktagog: Može poticati stvaranje mlijeka kod dojilja.
Pomoć dišnim putevima: Umiruje kašalj i grlobolju, osobito u biljnim pripravcima.
Bogat antioksidansima: Sadrži spojeve poput flavonoida koji štite stanice od oksidativnog stresa.
⚠️ Napomena: Iako je siguran u kulinarskim količinama, koncentrirani pripravci trebaju se koristiti oprezno, posebno tijekom trudnoće ili kod hormonski osjetljivih stanja.
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20250607 6855 PhotosCROUnije_340 AD 11587 Bot
Edible Parts: Leaves,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Tea, Salad, Potherb,
Leaves - raw or cooked. A rather bitter flavor, they make an acceptable addition to mixed salads and are best used when young. The leaves are also used as a hop-substitute for flavoring and as a preservative for beer etc. Although in general yarrow is a very nutritious and beneficial plant to add to the diet, some caution should be exercised. See the notes below on possible toxicity. An aromatic tea is made from the flowers and leaves. An essential oil from the flowering heads is used as a flavoring for soft drinks.
CAUTION
Extended use of this plant, either medicinally or in the diet, can cause allergic skin rashes or lead to photosensitivity in some people. Theoretically yarrow can enhance the sedative effects of other herbs (e.g. valerian, kava, German chamomile, hops) & sedative drugs. Possible sedative & diuretic effects from ingesting large amounts .
MEDICINAL USES: Antidiarrheal, Anti-inflammatory, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Appetizer, Aromatic, Astringent, Carminative, Cholagogue, Diaphoretic, Digestive, Emmenagogue, Odontalgic, Stimulant, Tonic, Vasodilator, Vulnerary,
Yarrow has a high reputation and is widely employed in herbal medicine, administered both internally and externally. It is used in the treatment of a very wide range of disorders but is particularly valuable for treating wounds, stopping the flow of blood, treating colds, fevers, kidney diseases, menstrual pain etc. The whole plant is used, both fresh and dried, and is best harvested when in flower. Some caution should be exercised in the use of this herb since large or frequent doses taken over a long period may be potentially harmful, causing allergic rashes and making the skin more sensitive to sunlight. The herb combines well with Sambucus nigra flowers (Elder) and Mentha x piperita vulgaris (Peppermint) for treating colds and influenza. The herb is antiseptic, antispasmodic, mildly aromatic, astringent, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, digestive, emmenagogue, Odontalgic, stimulant, bitter tonic, vasodilator and vulnerary. It also contains the anti-inflammatory agent azulene, though the content of this varies even between plants in the same habitat. The herb is harvested in the summer when in flower and can be dried for later use. The fresh leaf can be applied direct to an aching tooth in order to relieve the pain.
OTHER USES: Compost, Cosmetic, Dye, Yellow, Green, Essential, Hair, Liquid feed, Repellent
The growing plant repels beetles, ants and flies. The plant has been burnt in order to ward off mosquitoes. A liquid plant feed can be made from the leaves. You fill a container with the leaves and then add some water. Leave it to soak for a week or two and then dilute the rather smelly dark liquid, perhaps 10 - 1 with water though this figure is not crucial. This plant is an essential ingredient of 'Quick Return' herbal compost activator. This is a dried and powdered mixture of several herbs that can be added to a compost heap in order to speed up bacterial activity and thus shorten the time needed to make the compost. The fragrant seeds have been used to impart a pleasant smell indoors. An essential oil obtained from the leaves is used medicinally. The leaves contain from 0.6 to 0.85% essential oil. The leaves have been used as a cosmetic cleanser for greasy skin. Yellow and green dyes are obtained from the flowers. A good ground cover plant, spreading quickly by its roots.
Uhm....it is not. But it should be, should it not? It's 'rosier' than a rose. Redder than any red rose and has so much more underskirt :-)
Paeonia lactiflora hybrid, or Chinese Peony (芍 or 白芍 in Chinese; pinyin: sháo or bái sháo; bái meaning "white") is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Paeoniaceae, native to central and eastern Asia from eastern Tibet across northern China to eastern Siberia. It is about 60-100 cm tall with large compound leaves 20-40 cm long. The flower buds are large and round, opening into large flowers 8-16 cm diameter, with 5-10 white, pink, or crimson petals and yellow stamens.
It is used as a medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine, where it is called 芍药 (pinyin: sháo yào) or 白芍药 (pinyin: bái sháo yào). The root is used to reduce fever and pain, and on wounds to stop bleeding and prevent infection. An antispasmodic effect is also recorded in the Japanese pharmacopoeia.
It is also widely grown as an ornamental plant in gardens, with several hundred selected cultivars; many of the cultivars have double flowers, with the stamens modified into additional petals.
It does not like moving, but this one survived two major moves and flowers each year in abundance. We have the white variety also but that one is still budding...
Edible Parts: Flowers, Leaves, Root, Stem, Seeds,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Salt, Vegetable, Salad, Potherb,
Root - cooked. Used like potatoes, though it is considered to be poisonous by some writers The peeled stem can be eaten raw but is best cooked. The unpeeled stem can be used when young, or just the inner tissue of older stems can be used, before the plants flower. For people not used to the flavor, they are best cooked in two changes of water when they make a tasty celery-like vegetable. Another report says that, despite the strong odor of the leaves and outer skin, the peeled young stems are mild and sweet, resembling celery in flavor. The stems cannot be eaten raw in large quantities because they give a burning sensation in the mouth. The stems are highly nutritious, containing up to 18% protein. Leaves and young shoots - raw or cooked. Cooked as greens or added to salads. Young flowers. No further details. The dried seeds are used as a flavoring for soups, stews and potato salads. The dried base of the plant and ashes from the burnt leaves are used as a salt substitute.
CAUTION: Many members of this genus, including this species, contain furanocoumarins. These have carcinogenic, mutagenic and phototoxic properties. The fresh foliage can cause dermatitis. If the juice and hairs of the outer skin are left on the face and mouth, they can cause blisters. This effect is especially prevalent for people with fair complexions.
MEDICINAL USES: Antidandruff, Antirheumatic, Antispasmodic, Carminative, Febrifuge, Odontalgic, Stimulant, TB, Tonic,
Cow parsnip was widely employed medicinally by a large number of native North American Indian tribes who used it to treat a wide variety of complaints, but especially as a poultice on bruises, sores etc.. It is little used in modern herbalism, though perhaps it merits further investigation. All parts of the plant are antirheumatic, antispasmodic, carminative, febrifuge, odontalgic and stimulant. The leaves are tonic. They have been used in the treatment of colds. A soothing drink made from the leaves is used to treat sore throats. A poultice of the heated leaves has been applied to minor cuts, sore muscles etc.. An infusion of the fresh young stems has been used in the treatment of diarrhea. It has also been used as a wash to remove warts. The plant has been used in the treatment of epilepsy. A tea made from the roots is used in the treatment of indigestion, colds, stomach cramps, rheumatism, sore throats, TB etc.. Externally, the root is used as a poultice on sores, bruises, swellings, boils, rheumatic joints, VD scabs etc, while a bit of root has been held on an aching tooth to reduce the pain. The root can be crushed, mixed with water and used as an antidandruff hair wash. The root contains psoralen, which is being investigated for its use in the treatment of psoriasis, leukaemia and AIDS. The seed has been used to treat severe headaches.
OTHER USES: Dye, Yellow, Whistles, Flutes, Straws, Packing, Repellent
Whistles, flutes, straws etc can be made from the hollow stems. The leaves are used as a covering for baskets of fruit etc.. A yellow dye is obtained from the roots. An infusion of the blossoms, rubbed on the body, repels flies and mosquitoes.
pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Heracleum+sphondylium+...
Looking like Queen Anne's Lace on steroids, cow parsnip stands tall through the summer months. The thick, ribbed, hollow central stalks are crowned with large white umbrella-shaped flower clusters. When peeled with caution to avoid severe skin blistering, these stalks are a tasty addition to the diet, so popular in Native American tradition that the entire plant is commonly called Indian Celery. Although the foliage and exterior skin of cow parsnip are pungent smelling, the inner stalk is mild, sometimes sweet, and tastes like celery. The stalks are popular fresh, but can also be cooked and used in similar applications as celery.
CAUTION: The juices of this plant can cause severe blistering if not handled carefully. Gather with caution, because the juices of cow parsnip's outer tissues contain phototoxic compounds. When these juices make contact with skin and the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light(such as sunlight), these compounds cause the skin to discolor or even blister. Always wear gloves when handling the plant. Break or cut the newly developed central stalks near their base and secure away from skin. Peel the outer layer of the stalk and dispose of it carefully, then wash the interior stalk thoroughly before using. Also, be certain that you are gathering the right plant. There are poisonous plants with similarly shaped and colored flowers, such as Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum). These plants do not have the large, hollow stalks of cow parsnip, but can be confused by inexperienced harvesters. The stalk of poison hemlock is not ribbed, it is smooth and can grow as high as 8 to 10 feet. If unsure, avoid cow parsnip altogether. *
*Pacific Northwest Foraging, by Douglas Deur, Timber Press.
An excellent aromatic product for treating nervous disorders the Basil Tulsi pure essential oil also features analgesic and antispasmodic properties. This product can cure stress related headaches migraine and allergies. Studies suggest that basil essential oil is also effective against respiratory problems such as asthma and sinus infections. .It is highly anti-biotic disinfectant and anti-bacterial and can cure internal and external skin disorders.:: Tulsi supports overall well-being enhances stamina and stimulates energy as it is one of the most effective stress reducers.:: Tulsi is one of the most effective essential oils for mental and spiritual relief.:: Tulsi is a very aromatic plant which is used for purification of the mind and body as well as heightening spiritual awareness.Multipurpose oil. Useful for Aromatherapy Spa Therapy Bath Essential oil and Massage oil. Use it in aroma diffuser for a unique and wonderful fragrance. .
Chipmunk eating Cow Parsnip seeds
Edible Parts: Flowers, Leaves, Root, Stem, Seeds,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Salt, Vegetable, Salad, Potherb,
Root - cooked. Used like potatoes, though it is considered to be poisonous by some writers The peeled stem can be eaten raw but is best cooked. The unpeeled stem can be used when young, or just the inner tissue of older stems can be used, before the plants flower. For people not used to the flavor, they are best cooked in two changes of water when they make a tasty celery-like vegetable. Another report says that, despite the strong odor of the leaves and outer skin, the peeled young stems are mild and sweet, resembling celery in flavor. The stems cannot be eaten raw in large quantities because they give a burning sensation in the mouth. The stems are highly nutritious, containing up to 18% protein. Leaves and young shoots - raw or cooked. Cooked as greens or added to salads. Young flowers. No further details. The dried seeds are used as a flavoring for soups, stews and potato salads. The dried base of the plant and ashes from the burnt leaves are used as a salt substitute.
CAUTION: Many members of this genus, including this species, contain furanocoumarins. These have carcinogenic, mutagenic and phototoxic properties. The fresh foliage can cause dermatitis. If the juice and hairs of the outer skin are left on the face and mouth, they can cause blisters. This effect is especially prevalent for people with fair complexions.
MEDICINAL USES: Antidandruff, Antirheumatic, Antispasmodic, Carminative, Febrifuge, Odontalgic, Stimulant, TB, Tonic,
Cow parsnip was widely employed medicinally by a large number of native North American Indian tribes who used it to treat a wide variety of complaints, but especially as a poultice on bruises, sores etc.. It is little used in modern herbalism, though perhaps it merits further investigation. All parts of the plant are antirheumatic, antispasmodic, carminative, febrifuge, odontalgic and stimulant. The leaves are tonic. They have been used in the treatment of colds. A soothing drink made from the leaves is used to treat sore throats. A poultice of the heated leaves has been applied to minor cuts, sore muscles etc.. An infusion of the fresh young stems has been used in the treatment of diarrhea. It has also been used as a wash to remove warts. The plant has been used in the treatment of epilepsy. A tea made from the roots is used in the treatment of indigestion, colds, stomach cramps, rheumatism, sore throats, TB etc.. Externally, the root is used as a poultice on sores, bruises, swellings, boils, rheumatic joints, VD scabs etc, while a bit of root has been held on an aching tooth to reduce the pain. The root can be crushed, mixed with water and used as an antidandruff hair wash. The root contains psoralen, which is being investigated for its use in the treatment of psoriasis, leukaemia and AIDS. The seed has been used to treat severe headaches.
OTHER USES: Dye, Yellow, Whistles, Flutes, Straws, Packing, Repellent
Whistles, flutes, straws etc can be made from the hollow stems. The leaves are used as a covering for baskets of fruit etc.. A yellow dye is obtained from the roots. An infusion of the blossoms, rubbed on the body, repels flies and mosquitoes.
pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Heracleum+sphondylium+...
Looking like Queen Anne's Lace on steroids, cow parsnip stands tall through the summer months. The thick, ribbed, hollow central stalks are crowned with large white umbrella-shaped flower clusters. When peeled with caution to avoid severe skin blistering, these stalks are a tasty addition to the diet, so popular in Native American tradition that the entire plant is commonly called Indian Celery. Although the foliage and exterior skin of cow parsnip are pungent smelling, the inner stalk is mild, sometimes sweet, and tastes like celery. The stalks are popular fresh, but can also be cooked and used in similar applications as celery.
CAUTION: The juices of this plant can cause severe blistering if not handled carefully. Gather with caution, because the juices of cow parsnip's outer tissues contain phototoxic compounds. When these juices make contact with skin and the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light(such as sunlight), these compounds cause the skin to discolor or even blister. Always wear gloves when handling the plant. Break or cut the newly developed central stalks near their base and secure away from skin. Peel the outer layer of the stalk and dispose of it carefully, then wash the interior stalk thoroughly before using. Also, be certain that you are gathering the right plant. There are poisonous plants with similarly shaped and colored flowers, such as Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum). These plants do not have the large, hollow stalks of cow parsnip, but can be confused by inexperienced harvesters. The stalk of poison hemlock is not ribbed, it is smooth and can grow as high as 8 to 10 feet. If unsure, avoid cow parsnip altogether. *
*Pacific Northwest Foraging, by Douglas Deur, Timber Press.
MK MEDICINE IS AN INTEGRATED PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY ALSO MEDICINE EXPORTER,TRADER,CONTRACT MANUFACTURER ,FRANCHISEE PROVIDER AND ETHICAL MARKETER .OUR PRODUCTS ARE MANUFACTURED IN ISO ,GMP, WHO,FSSAI COMPLAINT FACILITIES WITH LATEST DCGI APPROVALS.THE MANUFACTURING FACILITIES DEPLOY STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNOLOGIES AND AUTOMATED FACILITIES THAT ENSURE THE HIGHEST LEVELS OF PROCESS INTEGRITY AND PRODUCT QUALITY. THEY HAVE FULLY EQUIPPED LABORATORIES WITH HIGHLY QUALIFIED AND REPUTED QUALITY CONTROL AND ASSURANCE MANAGERS OF THE INDUSTRY, BY WHICH QUALITY OF EACH UNIT MANUFACTURED IN THEIR UNITS IS VALIDATED.WE DEAL ON TABLET,CAPSULE,SYRUP,INJECTION,DRY SYRUP,SUSPENSION,PEDIATRIC DROP,OINTMENT,LOTION,NUTRITION POWDER,TOOTHPASTE ETC. ANTIBIOTIC,ANTI FUNGAL,ANTIMALARIAL,ANALGESICS,ANTI DIABETIC,ANTIHISTAMINE,ANTI ASTHMATIC,ANTIHISTAMINE,ANTI EMETIC,ANTI ANEMIC,ANTI ULCER,ANTI-ALLERGIC,ANTI COLD,ANTI COUGH,ANTACIDS,ANTISEPTIC,CARDIOLOGY,DERMATOLOGY,NEUROLOGY,NSAID,ANTISPASMODIC STEROIDS ETC.
Technical: Aperture f/6.3, shutter speed 1/320, focus on bee and blue borage plant, natural light, 1:02 pm, lens 300mm.
Composition: Emphasis. Rule of thirds. Color harmony blue and magenta. Color contrast blue and yellow.
Content: Bees around Blue Borage at Qorikancha gardens.
Borage is not only a honey plant, but also one of the most famous ancient spices and a valuable herb. It is traditionally cultivated as a vegetable type and spice, but it is also gwon for pharmaceutical purposes, because of the oil extracted from its seeds, which is often called “star flower oil” or “borage oil”. Special honey plants are characterized mainly by the beneficial effect they have for honey production.
Medicine:
Its leaves and flowers have anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and tranquilizing effect. It is also used as a diuretic and has a beneficial effect for stomach, kidney and rheumatic pains.
Cosmetics:
The plant is used as an ingredient of many skin rejuvenating lotions and creams.
Organic farming:
It is mainly used for soil fertilization.
Reference:
kiwimana.co.nz/borage-good-for-bees
Photography: © GALIANO PRODUCCIONES
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"Yarrow is a very valuable medicinal herb, with much scientific evidence of use in alternative medicine as an antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive, emmenagogue, stimulant, and tonics, vasodilator and vulnerary. Yarrow is used against colds, cramps, fevers, kidney disorders, toothaches, skin irritations, and hemorrhages, and to regulate menses, stimulate the flow of bile, and purify the blood. Medicinal tea is a good remedy for severe colds and flu, for stomach ulcers, amenorrhea, abdominal cramps, abscesses, trauma and bleeding, and to reduce inflammation. The main constituents are volatile oils including linalool, camphor, sabinene, and chamazulene, sesquiterpene lctones, flavanoids, alkaloids including achilleine, polyacetylenes, triterpenes, salicylic acid, coumarins, and tannins which prove these uses in alternative medicine to be effective. Extracts of yarrow exhibit antibiotic activity and may also act as anti-neoplastic drugs. Externally for treating wounds and stopping the flow of blood. Yarrow oil has been traditionally used in hair shampoos. Some caution is advised , large or frequent doses taken over a long period may cause the skin to be more sensitive to sunlight."
Asteraceae: a downy or hairless perennial to 60cm, found on dry, grassy meadows, disturbed ground and quite often covering motorway verges. The simple but pretty flowers are 30mm-50mm across, white rayed petals with a bright yellow disc in the middle, flowering from May-September. Leaves are dark green and toothed. Widespread and common. Native to most of Europe, including Britain, from Lapland south and east to the Mediterranean and Siberia.
The leaves can be eaten raw or cooked. The young spring shoots are finely chopped and added to salads. They are rather pungent, they should be used sparingly or mixed with other salad plants.
The whole plant, and especially the flowers have antispasmodic, antitussive, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, tonic and vulnerary properties. It is harvested in May and June then dried for later use. The plant has been employed successfully in the treatment of whooping cough, asthma and nervous excitability. Externally it is used as a lotion on bruises, wounds, ulcers and some cutaneous diseases. A decoction of the dried flowers and stems has been used as a wash for chapped hands. A distilled water made from the flowers is an effective eye lotion in the treatment of conjunctivitis.
Edible Parts: Stems, Leaves,
Edible Uses: Vegetable, Asparagus,
The whole plant can be cooked. It is tasteless if eaten raw, but has a taste like asparagus when it is cooked.
CAUTION: The plant contains several glycosides and is possibly toxic.
Medicinal Uses
Antibacterial; Antispasmodic, Febrifuge, Hypnotic, Nervine, Odontalgic, Ophthalmic, Sedative, Tonic, Warts
An infusion of the root is antispasmodic, hypnotic, nervine, sedative, tonic. It is a good remedy for spasms, fainting spells and various nervous conditions. It has been given to children who suffer from fits, epilepsy and convulsions. The plant was used by some native North American Indian tribes to treat eye problems, the stem was bruised and the clear fluid of the stems applied to the eyes. The juice from the stems has also been used to treat nervous irritability, including fits and spasms. It has been suggested in the past as a possible opium substitute. An infusion of the leaves has been used to treat colds and fevers. The crushed plant has been rubbed on bunions and warts in order to destroy them. A poultice of the plant has been applied to sores that are difficult to heal. The flowers have been chewed in order to bring relief from toothache. Water extracts of the plant are bactericidal.
Edible Parts: Stems, Leaves,
Edible Uses: Vegetable, Asparagus,
The whole plant can be cooked. It is tasteless if eaten raw, but has a taste like asparagus when it is cooked.
CAUTION: The plant contains several glycosides and is possibly toxic.
Medicinal Uses
Antibacterial; Antispasmodic, Febrifuge, Hypnotic, Nervine, Odontalgic, Ophthalmic, Sedative, Tonic, Warts
An infusion of the root is antispasmodic, hypnotic, nervine, sedative, tonic. It is a good remedy for spasms, fainting spells and various nervous conditions. It has been given to children who suffer from fits, epilepsy and convulsions. The plant was used by some native North American Indian tribes to treat eye problems, the stem was bruised and the clear fluid of the stems applied to the eyes. The juice from the stems has also been used to treat nervous irritability, including fits and spasms. It has been suggested in the past as a possible opium substitute. An infusion of the leaves has been used to treat colds and fevers. The crushed plant has been rubbed on bunions and warts in order to destroy them. A poultice of the plant has been applied to sores that are difficult to heal. The flowers have been chewed in order to bring relief from toothache. Water extracts of the plant are bactericidal.
Edible Parts: Flowers,
Edible Uses: Tea, Salad,
Flower heads - raw or cooked. A tasty nibble. The dried flowers are used to make herb teas. They are pineapple scented when steeped in hot water.
CAUTION: Some people are allergic to this plant
MEDICINAL USES: Antispasmodic, Carminative, Galactogogue, Sedative, Skin, Vermifuge,
The flowering plant is antispasmodic, carminative, galactogogue, sedative, skin and vermifuge. This plant is rarely used medicinally, though it is sometimes employed as a domestic remedy in the treatment of intestinal worms and also as a sedative. The plant is harvested when in flower in the summer and is dried for later use. Some caution is advised since some individuals are allergic to this plant.
OTHER USES: Repellent,
The plant repels insects. The dried flowers are used as an insect repellent.
. www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Matricaria+matrica...
Edible Parts: Fruit, Leaves, Shoots,
Edible Uses: Salad, Potherb, Jams, Preserves,
Fruit - cooked. Used in preserves, jams and pies. A pleasant musky taste. Somewhat like a tomato, but much less pleasant, it improves slightly after a frost. Only the fully ripe fruits should be used, the unripe fruits contain the toxin solanine. The fruit contains about 2.5% protein, 0.6% fat, 5.6% carbohydrate, 1.2% ash. The fruit is about 9mm in diameter. Young leaves and new shoots - raw or cooked as a potherb or added to soups. This plant is cultivated as a leaf crop in some areas, but see the notes below regarding possible toxicity.
CAUTION: There is a lot of disagreement over whether or not the leaves or fruit of this plant are poisonous. Views vary from relatively poisonous to perfectly safe to eat. The plant is cultivated as a food crop, both for its fruit and its leaves, in some parts of the world and it is probably true to say that toxicity can vary considerably according to where the plant is grown and the cultivar that is being grown. The unripe fruit contains the highest concentration of toxins.
MEDICINAL USES: Antiperiodic, Antiphlogistic, Antipsoriatic, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Emollient, Febrifuge, Narcotic, Purgative, Sedative
The whole plant is antiperiodic, antiphlogistic, diaphoretic, diuretic, emollient, febrifuge, narcotic, purgative and sedative. It is harvested in the autumn when both flowers and fruit are upon the plant, and is dried for later use. Use with caution, see notes above on toxicity. The leaves, stems and roots are used externally as a poultice, wash etc., in the treatment of cancerous sores, boils, leucoderma and wounds. Extracts of the plant are analgesic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and vasodilator. The plant has been used in the manufacture of locally analgesic ointments and the juice of the fruit has been used as an analgesic for toothaches.
Edible Parts: Flowers,
Edible Uses: Tea, Salad,
Flower heads - raw or cooked. A tasty nibble. The dried flowers are used to make herb teas. They are pineapple scented when steeped in hot water.
CAUTION: Some people are allergic to this plant
MEDICINAL USES: Antispasmodic, Carminative, Galactogogue, Sedative, Skin, Vermifuge,
The flowering plant is antispasmodic, carminative, galactogogue, sedative, skin and vermifuge. This plant is rarely used medicinally, though it is sometimes employed as a domestic remedy in the treatment of intestinal worms and also as a sedative. The plant is harvested when in flower in the summer and is dried for later use. Some caution is advised since some individuals are allergic to this plant.
OTHER USES: Repellent
The plant repels insects. The dried flowers are used as an insect repellent.
. www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Matricaria+matrica...
Hypericum perforatum
The flowers and leaves are medicinal as analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, astringent, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, nervine, resolvent, sedative, stimulant, vermifuge and vulnerary (!)
St John's Wort is used in treating a wide range of disorders, including pulmonary complaints, bladder problems, diarrhea and nervous depression. It is also very effectual in treating bed wetting in children. It has a sedative and pain reducing effect, it is especially regarded as an herb to use where there are menopausal changes triggering irritability and anxiety. In addition to neuralgic pain, it will ease fibrosistis, sciatica and rheumatic pain. The oil extract of the plant can be taken for stomach ache, colic, intestinal problems, and as an expectorant for the congestion in the lungs. Externally, a medicinal infusion of the flowers in olive oil is applied to wounds, sores, burns, ulcers, swellings, cramps, rheumatism, tumors, caked breasts, and other skin problems. It is also valued in the treatment of sunburn and as a cosmetic preparation to the skin. Persons with fair skin should avoid exposure to strong sunlight and other sources of ultraviolet light, such as tanning beds, while taking St. John's Wort. These individuals may suffer a dermatitis, severe burning, and possibly blistering of the skin. The severity of these effects will depend on the amount of the plant consumed and the length of exposure to sunlight.
There are many ancient superstitions regarding this plant, its name Hypericum is derived from the Greek and means 'over an apparition,' a reference to the belief that it smelled so obnoxious to evil spirits that a whiff of it would cause them to fly. The plant was given to have magical powers. In ancient Greece, the herb was used to treat many ailments, including sciatica and poisonous reptile bites.
Edible Parts: Leaves, Root,
Edible Uses: Salad, Potherb,
Leaves - raw or cooked. The young spring shoots are finely chopped and added to salads. Rather pungent, they should be used sparingly or mixed with other salad plants. Root - raw.. Used in spring.
MEDICINAL USES: Antispasmodic, Antitussive, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Tonic, Vulnerary
The whole plant, and especially the flowers, is antispasmodic, antitussive, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, tonic and vulnerary. It is harvested in May and June then dried for later use. The plant has been employed successfully in the treatment of whooping cough, asthma and nervous excitability. Externally it is used as a lotion on bruises, wounds, ulcers and some cutaneous diseases. A decoction of the dried flowers and stems has been used as a wash for chapped hands. A distilled water made from the flowers is an effective eye lotion in the treatment of conjunctivitis
www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Leucanthemum+vulgare
The following information is from: The Deerholme Foraging Book: Wild Foods from the Pacific Northwest (Kindle Location 558). Touchwood Editions. Kindle Edition.
This daisy is a common wildflower that is abundant in fields and along roadsides in the region, The white petals and yellow center are very visible in the summer when the plant flowers by the thousands. The leaves in the spring are one of the best edibles available, growing as a rosette of green, beautifully cut leaves. The flavor is reminiscent of green apples and sage with a sweet aftertaste. Add young leaves to salad mixes or mix into dressing and sauces. A tea from the leaves can be used as a mild, relaxing tonic. As the plant matures, a green flower stem shoots up with a tightly closed emerging flower head. The whole shoot is edible and tasty as a vegetable or soup herb. The flower buds resemble caper berries and can be pickled. Once the flower opens up, the petals can be used in salads and dried for tea. The greens become bitter once the plant flowers and have a very pungent and somewhat overpowering aroma. The mature leaves were traditionally used as an insect repellant.*
Edible Parts: Leaves,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Tea, Flavoring, Oil, Salad, Potherb,
Leaves - raw or cooked. A strong peppermint flavor, they are used as a flavoring in salads or cooked foods. This plant should not be used by pregnant women, see the notes below on toxicity. An essential oil from the leaves and flowers is used as a flavoring in sweets, chewing gum, ice cream etc.. An herb tea is made from the fresh or dried leaves.
CAUTION: In large quantities this plant, especially in the form of the extracted essential oil, can cause abortions so should not be used by pregnant women.
MEDICINAL USES: Abortifacient, Anodyne, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Aromatherapy, Carminative, Cholagogue, Diaphoretic, Refrigerant, Stomachic, Tonic, Vasodilator,
Black peppermint is a very important and commonly used herbal remedy, being employed by allopathic doctors as well as herbalists. It is also widely used as a domestic remedy. This cultivar is considered to be stronger acting than white peppermint (Mentha x piperita officinalis). A tea made from the leaves has traditionally been used in the treatment of fevers, headaches, digestive disorders (especially flatulence) and various minor ailments. The herb is Abortifacient, anodyne, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, Cholagogue, diaphoretic, refrigerant, stomachic, tonic and vasodilator. An infusion is used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, digestive problems, spastic colon etc.. Externally a lotion is applied to the skin to relieve pain and reduce sensitivity. The leaves and stems can be used fresh or dried, they are harvested for drying in August as the flowers start to open. The essential oil in the leaves is antiseptic and strongly antibacterial, though it is toxic in large doses. When diluted it can be used as an inhalant and chest rub for respiratory infections. The essential oil is used in aromatherapy. Its keyword is 'Cooling'.
OTHER USES: Essential, Repellent, Strewing
An essential oil is obtained from the whole plant. It is used medicinally and as a food flavoring. It is also an ingredient of oral hygiene preparations, toiletries etc.. Peppermint leaves are used as an ingredient of potpourri. They were formerly used as a strewing herb. The plant repels insects, rats etc.. Rats and mice intensely dislike the smell of mint. The plant was therefore used in homes as a strewing herb and has also been spread in granaries to keep the rodents off the grain.
pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Mentha+x+piperita+vulg...
Edible Parts: Leaves,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Tea, Salad, Potherb,
Leaves - raw or cooked. A rather bitter flavor, they make an acceptable addition to mixed salads and are best used when young. The leaves are also used as a hop-substitute for flavoring and as a preservative for beer etc. Although in general yarrow is a very nutritious and beneficial plant to add to the diet, some caution should be exercised. See the notes below on possible toxicity. An aromatic tea is made from the flowers and leaves. An essential oil from the flowering heads is used as a flavoring for soft drinks.
CAUTION
Extended use of this plant, either medicinally or in the diet, can cause allergic skin rashes or lead to photosensitivity in some people. Theoretically yarrow can enhance the sedative effects of other herbs (e.g. valerian, kava, German chamomile, hops) & sedative drugs. Possible sedative & diuretic effects from ingesting large amounts .
MEDICINAL USES: Antidiarrheal, Anti-inflammatory, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Appetizer, Aromatic, Astringent, Carminative, Cholagogue, Diaphoretic, Digestive, Emmenagogue, Odontalgic, Stimulant, Tonic, Vasodilator, Vulnerary,
Yarrow has a high reputation and is widely employed in herbal medicine, administered both internally and externally. It is used in the treatment of a very wide range of disorders but is particularly valuable for treating wounds, stopping the flow of blood, treating colds, fevers, kidney diseases, menstrual pain etc. The whole plant is used, both fresh and dried, and is best harvested when in flower. Some caution should be exercised in the use of this herb since large or frequent doses taken over a long period may be potentially harmful, causing allergic rashes and making the skin more sensitive to sunlight. The herb combines well with Sambucus nigra flowers (Elder) and Mentha x piperita vulgaris (Peppermint) for treating colds and influenza. The herb is antiseptic, antispasmodic, mildly aromatic, astringent, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, digestive, emmenagogue, Odontalgic, stimulant, bitter tonic, vasodilator and vulnerary. It also contains the anti-inflammatory agent azulene, though the content of this varies even between plants in the same habitat. The herb is harvested in the summer when in flower and can be dried for later use. The fresh leaf can be applied direct to an aching tooth in order to relieve the pain.
OTHER USES: Compost, Cosmetic, Dye, Yellow, Green, Essential, Hair, Liquid feed, Repellent
The growing plant repels beetles, ants and flies. The plant has been burnt in order to ward off mosquitoes. A liquid plant feed can be made from the leaves. You fill a container with the leaves and then add some water. Leave it to soak for a week or two and then dilute the rather smelly dark liquid, perhaps 10 - 1 with water though this figure is not crucial. This plant is an essential ingredient of 'Quick Return' herbal compost activator. This is a dried and powdered mixture of several herbs that can be added to a compost heap in order to speed up bacterial activity and thus shorten the time needed to make the compost. The fragrant seeds have been used to impart a pleasant smell indoors. An essential oil obtained from the leaves is used medicinally. The leaves contain from 0.6 to 0.85% essential oil. The leaves have been used as a cosmetic cleanser for greasy skin. Yellow and green dyes are obtained from the flowers. A good ground cover plant, spreading quickly by its roots.
Marsh hedge-nettle (Stachys palustris) commonly known as marsh woundwort, hedge-nettle, clown’s woundwort, downy woundwort, hedge nettle, or marsh betony, is an edible and medicinal perennial grassland herb, found in shorelines, fields, roadsides and waste areas in New England. It is native to parts of Eurasia but has been introduced to North America. It is a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae).
The term 'hedge-nettle' is probably from England where the plant is found frequently in the hedgerows and it resembles a nettle.
The above-ground part of the herb that has been used medicinally.
The plant parts are harvested during summer when the plant is about to bloom and then used fresh or dried for later use. Internally marsh woundwort can be used in the form of herbal tea or tincture.
Highly regarded as a remedy for all kinds of wounds, both externally and internally, the fresh herb was applied directly on wounds, cuts, and scrapes in order to halt bleeding and heal.
The herb has antispasmodic and antiseptic properties. Therefore, it has been used to treat cramps, arthritis and joint pain. Marsh woundwort has also been used as an herbal remedy for diarrhea and dysentery.
As a food and animal feed, it is the small bulbous tubers on the root runners that are used. The runners should be pulled up gently and then used fresh or dried for later use. They have a good, nutty flavor. The tubers are highly nutritious with a nice taste and they can easily be used as an addition to soups and casseroles, or dried and ground into flour and mixed with cereal flour.
During spring time the young shoots can be collected, cooked and eaten like asparagus. Fully grown plants should not be collected as the stalks taste very bitter.
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Edible Parts: Leaves, Root,
Edible Uses: Salad, Potherb,
Leaves - raw or cooked. The young spring shoots are finely chopped and added to salads. Rather pungent, they should be used sparingly or mixed with other salad plants. Root - raw.. Used in spring.
MEDICINAL USES: Antispasmodic, Antitussive, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Tonic, Vulnerary
The whole plant, and especially the flowers, is antispasmodic, antitussive, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, tonic and vulnerary. It is harvested in May and June then dried for later use. The plant has been employed successfully in the treatment of whooping cough, asthma and nervous excitability. Externally it is used as a lotion on bruises, wounds, ulcers and some cutaneous diseases. A decoction of the dried flowers and stems has been used as a wash for chapped hands. A distilled water made from the flowers is an effective eye lotion in the treatment of conjunctivitis
www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Leucanthemum+vulgare
The following information is from: The Deerholme Foraging Book: Wild Foods from the Pacific Northwest (Kindle Location 558). Touchwood Editions. Kindle Edition.
This daisy is a common wildflower that is abundant in fields and along roadsides in the region, The white petals and yellow center are very visible in the summer when the plant flowers by the thousands. The leaves in the spring are one of the best edibles available, growing as a rosette of green, beautifully cut leaves. The flavor is reminiscent of green apples and sage with a sweet aftertaste. Add young leaves to salad mixes or mix into dressing and sauces. A tea from the leaves can be used as a mild, relaxing tonic. As the plant matures, a green flower stem shoots up with a tightly closed emerging flower head. The whole shoot is edible and tasty as a vegetable or soup herb. The flower buds resemble caper berries and can be pickled. Once the flower opens up, the petals can be used in salads and dried for tea. The greens become bitter once the plant flowers and have a very pungent and somewhat overpowering aroma. The mature leaves were traditionally used as an insect repellant.*
Edible Parts: Leaves,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Tea, Salad, Potherb,
Leaves - raw or cooked. A rather bitter flavor, they make an acceptable addition to mixed salads and are best used when young. The leaves are also used as a hop-substitute for flavoring and as a preservative for beer etc. Although in general yarrow is a very nutritious and beneficial plant to add to the diet, some caution should be exercised. See the notes below on possible toxicity. An aromatic tea is made from the flowers and leaves. An essential oil from the flowering heads is used as a flavoring for soft drinks.
CAUTION
Extended use of this plant, either medicinally or in the diet, can cause allergic skin rashes or lead to photosensitivity in some people. Theoretically yarrow can enhance the sedative effects of other herbs (e.g. valerian, kava, German chamomile, hops) & sedative drugs. Possible sedative & diuretic effects from ingesting large amounts .
MEDICINAL USES: Antidiarrheal, Anti-inflammatory, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Appetizer, Aromatic, Astringent, Carminative, Cholagogue, Diaphoretic, Digestive, Emmenagogue, Odontalgic, Stimulant, Tonic, Vasodilator, Vulnerary,
Yarrow has a high reputation and is widely employed in herbal medicine, administered both internally and externally. It is used in the treatment of a very wide range of disorders but is particularly valuable for treating wounds, stopping the flow of blood, treating colds, fevers, kidney diseases, menstrual pain etc. The whole plant is used, both fresh and dried, and is best harvested when in flower. Some caution should be exercised in the use of this herb since large or frequent doses taken over a long period may be potentially harmful, causing allergic rashes and making the skin more sensitive to sunlight. The herb combines well with Sambucus nigra flowers (Elder) and Mentha x piperita vulgaris (Peppermint) for treating colds and influenza. The herb is antiseptic, antispasmodic, mildly aromatic, astringent, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, digestive, emmenagogue, Odontalgic, stimulant, bitter tonic, vasodilator and vulnerary. It also contains the anti-inflammatory agent azulene, though the content of this varies even between plants in the same habitat. The herb is harvested in the summer when in flower and can be dried for later use. The fresh leaf can be applied direct to an aching tooth in order to relieve the pain.
OTHER USES: Compost, Cosmetic, Dye, Yellow, Green, Essential, Hair, Liquid feed, Repellent
The growing plant repels beetles, ants and flies. The plant has been burnt in order to ward off mosquitoes. A liquid plant feed can be made from the leaves. You fill a container with the leaves and then add some water. Leave it to soak for a week or two and then dilute the rather smelly dark liquid, perhaps 10 - 1 with water though this figure is not crucial. This plant is an essential ingredient of 'Quick Return' herbal compost activator. This is a dried and powdered mixture of several herbs that can be added to a compost heap in order to speed up bacterial activity and thus shorten the time needed to make the compost. The fragrant seeds have been used to impart a pleasant smell indoors. An essential oil obtained from the leaves is used medicinally. The leaves contain from 0.6 to 0.85% essential oil. The leaves have been used as a cosmetic cleanser for greasy skin. Yellow and green dyes are obtained from the flowers. A good ground cover plant, spreading quickly by its roots.
Edible Parts: Flowers; Leaves; Root; Stem.
Edible Uses: Tea.
Leaves and young shoot tips - raw or cooked. They can be used in salads or cooked as a vegetable. When boiled they make a wholesome vegetable and are a good source of vitamins A and C. Only use the leaves when they are young. Although they are said to be edible, another report says that an infusion of them can stupefy. Young shoots - cooked. They make a good asparagus substitute. Root - raw, cooked or dried and ground into a powder. Used in spring, it has a sweet taste. Flower stalks - raw or cooked. Added to salads, they are used when the flowers are in bud. The pith of young or older stems - raw or cooked. Slightly sweet, tender and pleasing to eat, though there is not much of it. Gelatinous, it can be used as a flavoring in soups. The stems are said to be a good laxative, but are best not eaten on an empty stomach. A tea is made from the dried leaves, it is sweet and pleasant. Called 'kaporie' tea in Russia, it contains 10% tannin. The leaves are also used as an adulterant of China tea.
MEDICINAL USES: Anti inflammatory; Antispasmodic; Astringent; Demulcent; Emollient; Hypnotic; Laxative; Poultice; Tonic.
Willow herb is often used as a domestic herbal remedy, though it is little used in conventional herbalism. The herb is antispasmodic, astringent, demulcent, emollient, hypnotic, laxative and tonic. It is used in the treatment of diarrhea, mucous colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. The plant is used in Germany and Austria to treat prostate problems. A poultice of the leaves is applied to mouth ulcers. An extract of the leaves has anti-inflammatory activity. An ointment made from the leaves has been used to soothe skin problems in children. A tea made from the leaves and roots is a folk remedy for dysentery and abdominal cramps. A poultice made from the peeled roots is applied to burns, skin sores, swellings, boils etc..
OTHER USES: Fiber; Stuffing; Tinder; Weather protection.
A fiber obtained from the outer stems is used to make cordage. The 'cottony' seed hairs are used as a stuffing material or as a tinder. The powdered inner cortex is applied to the hands and face to give protection from the cold.
www.pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Epilobium+angustif...
Edible Parts: Flowers, Leaves, Root, Stem, Seeds,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Salt, Vegetable, Salad, Potherb,
Root - cooked. Used like potatoes, though it is considered to be poisonous by some writers The peeled stem can be eaten raw but is best cooked. The unpeeled stem can be used when young, or just the inner tissue of older stems can be used, before the plants flower. For people not used to the flavor, they are best cooked in two changes of water when they make a tasty celery-like vegetable. Another report says that, despite the strong odor of the leaves and outer skin, the peeled young stems are mild and sweet, resembling celery in flavor. The stems cannot be eaten raw in large quantities because they give a burning sensation in the mouth. The stems are highly nutritious, containing up to 18% protein. Leaves and young shoots - raw or cooked. Cooked as greens or added to salads. Young flowers. No further details. The dried seeds are used as a flavoring for soups, stews and potato salads. The dried base of the plant and ashes from the burnt leaves are used as a salt substitute.
CAUTION: Many members of this genus, including this species, contain furanocoumarins. These have carcinogenic, mutagenic and phototoxic properties. The fresh foliage can cause dermatitis. If the juice and hairs of the outer skin are left on the face and mouth, they can cause blisters. This effect is especially prevalent for people with fair complexions.
MEDICINAL USES: Antidandruff, Antirheumatic, Antispasmodic, Carminative, Febrifuge, Odontalgic, Stimulant, TB, Tonic,
Cow parsnip was widely employed medicinally by a large number of native North American Indian tribes who used it to treat a wide variety of complaints, but especially as a poultice on bruises, sores etc.. It is little used in modern herbalism, though perhaps it merits further investigation. All parts of the plant are antirheumatic, antispasmodic, carminative, febrifuge, odontalgic and stimulant. The leaves are tonic. They have been used in the treatment of colds. A soothing drink made from the leaves is used to treat sore throats. A poultice of the heated leaves has been applied to minor cuts, sore muscles etc.. An infusion of the fresh young stems has been used in the treatment of diarrhea. It has also been used as a wash to remove warts. The plant has been used in the treatment of epilepsy. A tea made from the roots is used in the treatment of indigestion, colds, stomach cramps, rheumatism, sore throats, TB etc.. Externally, the root is used as a poultice on sores, bruises, swellings, boils, rheumatic joints, VD scabs etc, while a bit of root has been held on an aching tooth to reduce the pain. The root can be crushed, mixed with water and used as an antidandruff hair wash. The root contains psoralen, which is being investigated for its use in the treatment of psoriasis, leukaemia and AIDS. The seed has been used to treat severe headaches.
OTHER USES: Dye, Yellow, Whistles, Flutes, Straws, Packing, Repellent
Whistles, flutes, straws etc can be made from the hollow stems. The leaves are used as a covering for baskets of fruit etc.. A yellow dye is obtained from the roots. An infusion of the blossoms, rubbed on the body, repels flies and mosquitoes.
pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Heracleum+sphondylium+...
Looking like Queen Anne's Lace on steroids, cow parsnip stands tall through the summer months. The thick, ribbed, hollow central stalks are crowned with large white umbrella-shaped flower clusters. When peeled with caution to avoid severe skin blistering, these stalks are a tasty addition to the diet, so popular in Native American tradition that the entire plant is commonly called Indian Celery. Although the foliage and exterior skin of cow parsnip are pungent smelling, the inner stalk is mild, sometimes sweet, and tastes like celery. The stalks are popular fresh, but can also be cooked and used in similar applications as celery.
CAUTION: The juices of this plant can cause severe blistering if not handled carefully. Gather with caution, because the juices of cow parsnip's outer tissues contain phototoxic compounds. When these juices make contact with skin and the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light(such as sunlight), these compounds cause the skin to discolor or even blister. Always wear gloves when handling the plant. Break or cut the newly developed central stalks near their base and secure away from skin. Peel the outer layer of the stalk and dispose of it carefully, then wash the interior stalk thoroughly before using. Also, be certain that you are gathering the right plant. There are poisonous plants with similarly shaped and colored flowers, such as Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum). These plants do not have the large, hollow stalks of cow parsnip, but can be confused by inexperienced harvesters. The stalk of poison hemlock is not ribbed, it is smooth and can grow as high as 8 to 10 feet. If unsure, avoid cow parsnip altogether. *
*Pacific Northwest Foraging, by Douglas Deur, Timber Press.
Self-Heal, aka Heal-All - Prunella vulgaris
FOOD: The leaves are eaten raw or cooked. They can be used in salads, soups, stews, etc. They are somewhat bitter due to the presence of tannin in the leaves, though this can be removed by washing the leaves. A cold water infusion of the freshly chopped, or dried and powdered leaves is used as a refreshing beverage.
MEDICINE: Self-Heal has a long history of folk use, especially in the treatment of wounds, ulcers, sores, etc. It was also taken internally as a tea in the treatment of fevers, diarrhea, sore mouth, internal bleeding, etc. In Korea it is used to treat oedema, nephritis, scrofula and goiter. The whole plant is alterative, antibacterial, antipyretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, diuretic, febrifuge, hypotensive, stomachic, styptic, tonic, vermifuge, and vulenary. It has an antibacterial action, inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas, Bacillus typhi, E Coli, Mycobacterium tuberculi, etc. It can be used dried or fresh. For drying it is best harvested in mid summer. The plant is experimentally antibiotic and hypotensive.
PLANTS FOR A FUTURE www.pfaf.org
Edible Parts: Leaves, Root,
Edible Uses: Potherb, Vegetable, Emergency Food,
Young shoots - these must be thoroughly cooked otherwise they are poisonous. The native North American Indian tribes would cook them in several changes of water, the end result being a tasteless mush. The leaves can be dried then powdered and used as a thickening agent. Older leaves have been used to wrap up food that was being baked. The leaves would impart a pleasant flavoring to the food. Young flower stalks - cooked. Only used when there was a shortage of other foods, the stalks must be thoroughly cooked or else they are poisonous. It is said that no more than three stalks should be consumed at one meal. Root - cooked. It must be thoroughly cooked or dried before use, otherwise it is poisonous. Rich in starch, a flour can be made from the dried and ground root. The root has a hot flavor, somewhat like ginger. The root is best harvested in the autumn.
CAUTION: The plant is rich in calcium oxalate, this is toxic and if consumed makes the mouth and digestive tract feel as though hundreds of needles are being stuck into it. However, calcium oxylate is easily destroyed by thoroughly cooking or drying the plant.
MEDICINAL USES: Antispasmodic, Blood purifier, Poultice, Styptic
Antispasmodic, styptic. Yellow skunk cabbage was employed medicinally by several native North American Indian tribes who used it mainly as a poultice to treat a variety of complaints. It is little, if at all, used in modern herbalism. Caution is advised, especially if using the plant internally, see the notes above on toxicity. A poultice of roots has been applied to swellings, sores, boils, burns and rheumatic joints. A poultice of the heated blossoms has been applied to rheumatic joints. A poultice of the leaves has been applied to scrofulous sores, burns, cuts, swellings and chest pains. Heated leaves have been applied tot he body in order to draw out splinters and thorns. The leaves have also been used as a general tonic in a herbal sweat bath. The raw root has been chewed by women in order to secure an abortion. A decoction of the root has been drunk as a blood purifier.
OTHER USES: Containers, Lining, Waxed paper
The leaves are large and water repellent, they can be used as a 'waxed paper' and also for lining fruit baskets etc., and for wrapping food in for baking. They were also folded and used as containers for collecting berries, as drinking cups and as a covering or mat for food that was being dried. The plants have very large leaves and form a slowly spreading clump. They can be grown as a ground cover, spaced about 1 meter apart each way.
www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Lysichiton+americanus
Edible Parts: Leaves, Root,
Edible Uses: Salad, Potherb,
Leaves - raw or cooked. The young spring shoots are finely chopped and added to salads. Rather pungent, they should be used sparingly or mixed with other salad plants. Root - raw.. Used in spring.
MEDICINAL USES: Antispasmodic, Antitussive, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Tonic, Vulnerary
The whole plant, and especially the flowers, is antispasmodic, antitussive, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, tonic and vulnerary. It is harvested in May and June then dried for later use. The plant has been employed successfully in the treatment of whooping cough, asthma and nervous excitability. Externally it is used as a lotion on bruises, wounds, ulcers and some cutaneous diseases. A decoction of the dried flowers and stems has been used as a wash for chapped hands. A distilled water made from the flowers is an effective eye lotion in the treatment of conjunctivitis
www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Leucanthemum+vulgare
The following information is from: The Deerholme Foraging Book: Wild Foods from the Pacific Northwest (Kindle Location 558). Touchwood Editions. Kindle Edition.
This daisy is a common wildflower that is abundant in fields and along roadsides in the region, The white petals and yellow center are very visible in the summer when the plant flowers by the thousands. The leaves in the spring are one of the best edibles available, growing as a rosette of green, beautifully cut leaves. The flavor is reminiscent of green apples and sage with a sweet aftertaste. Add young leaves to salad mixes or mix into dressing and sauces. A tea from the leaves can be used as a mild, relaxing tonic. As the plant matures, a green flower stem shoots up with a tightly closed emerging flower head. The whole shoot is edible and tasty as a vegetable or soup herb. The flower buds resemble caper berries and can be pickled. Once the flower opens up, the petals can be used in salads and dried for tea. The greens become bitter once the plant flowers and have a very pungent and somewhat overpowering aroma. The mature leaves were traditionally used as an insect repellant.*
Edible Parts: Flowers; Leaves; Root; Stem.
Edible Uses: Salt.
Young leaves - raw or cooked. They are mixed with other greens and used as a potherb. The leaves can also be made into a sauerkraut. Young stalks and flower heads - cooked. Roots - cooked. The burnt leaves are used as a salt substitute. The stems and leaves, whilst still green, are rolled up into balls, dried and then placed on top of a very small fire on a rock and burned. A very acceptable condiment for Pinole.
MEDICINAL USES: Antispasmodic; Pectoral; Poultice.
Antispasmodic, poultice. An infusion of the dried leaves has been used in the treatment of colds, head and chest congestion.
Edible Parts: Leaves,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Tea, Salad, Potherb,
Leaves - raw or cooked. A rather bitter flavor, they make an acceptable addition to mixed salads and are best used when young. The leaves are also used as a hop-substitute for flavoring and as a preservative for beer etc. Although in general yarrow is a very nutritious and beneficial plant to add to the diet, some caution should be exercised. See the notes below on possible toxicity. An aromatic tea is made from the flowers and leaves. An essential oil from the flowering heads is used as a flavoring for soft drinks.
CAUTION
Extended use of this plant, either medicinally or in the diet, can cause allergic skin rashes or lead to photosensitivity in some people. Theoretically yarrow can enhance the sedative effects of other herbs (e.g. valerian, kava, German chamomile, hops) & sedative drugs. Possible sedative & diuretic effects from ingesting large amounts .
MEDICINAL USES: Antidiarrheal, Anti-inflammatory, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Appetizer, Aromatic, Astringent, Carminative, Cholagogue, Diaphoretic, Digestive, Emmenagogue, Odontalgic, Stimulant, Tonic, Vasodilator, Vulnerary,
Yarrow has a high reputation and is widely employed in herbal medicine, administered both internally and externally. It is used in the treatment of a very wide range of disorders but is particularly valuable for treating wounds, stopping the flow of blood, treating colds, fevers, kidney diseases, menstrual pain etc. The whole plant is used, both fresh and dried, and is best harvested when in flower. Some caution should be exercised in the use of this herb since large or frequent doses taken over a long period may be potentially harmful, causing allergic rashes and making the skin more sensitive to sunlight. The herb combines well with Sambucus nigra flowers (Elder) and Mentha x piperita vulgaris (Peppermint) for treating colds and influenza. The herb is antiseptic, antispasmodic, mildly aromatic, astringent, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, digestive, emmenagogue, Odontalgic, stimulant, bitter tonic, vasodilator and vulnerary. It also contains the anti-inflammatory agent azulene, though the content of this varies even between plants in the same habitat. The herb is harvested in the summer when in flower and can be dried for later use. The fresh leaf can be applied direct to an aching tooth in order to relieve the pain.
OTHER USES: Compost, Cosmetic, Dye, Yellow, Green, Essential, Hair, Liquid feed, Repellent
The growing plant repels beetles, ants and flies. The plant has been burnt in order to ward off mosquitoes. A liquid plant feed can be made from the leaves. You fill a container with the leaves and then add some water. Leave it to soak for a week or two and then dilute the rather smelly dark liquid, perhaps 10 - 1 with water though this figure is not crucial. This plant is an essential ingredient of 'Quick Return' herbal compost activator. This is a dried and powdered mixture of several herbs that can be added to a compost heap in order to speed up bacterial activity and thus shorten the time needed to make the compost. The fragrant seeds have been used to impart a pleasant smell indoors. An essential oil obtained from the leaves is used medicinally. The leaves contain from 0.6 to 0.85% essential oil. The leaves have been used as a cosmetic cleanser for greasy skin. Yellow and green dyes are obtained from the flowers. A good ground cover plant, spreading quickly by its roots.
Edible Parts: Stems, Leaves,
Edible Uses: Vegetable, Asparagus,
The whole plant can be cooked. It is tasteless if eaten raw, but has a taste like asparagus when it is cooked.
CAUTION: The plant contains several glycosides and is possibly toxic.
Medicinal Uses
Antibacterial; Antispasmodic, Febrifuge, Hypnotic, Nervine, Odontalgic, Ophthalmic, Sedative, Tonic, Warts
An infusion of the root is antispasmodic, hypnotic, nervine, sedative, tonic. It is a good remedy for spasms, fainting spells and various nervous conditions. It has been given to children who suffer from fits, epilepsy and convulsions. The plant was used by some native North American Indian tribes to treat eye problems, the stem was bruised and the clear fluid of the stems applied to the eyes. The juice from the stems has also been used to treat nervous irritability, including fits and spasms. It has been suggested in the past as a possible opium substitute. An infusion of the leaves has been used to treat colds and fevers. The crushed plant has been rubbed on bunions and warts in order to destroy them. A poultice of the plant has been applied to sores that are difficult to heal. The flowers have been chewed in order to bring relief from toothache. Water extracts of the plant are bactericidal.
Edible Parts: Flowers, Leaves,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Drink, Tea, Salad, Potherb,
Leaves - raw or cooked. The leaves are coumarin-scented (like freshly mown hay), they are used as a flavoring in cooling drinks and are also added to fruit salads etc. The leaves are soaked in white wine to make 'Maitrank', an aromatic tonic drink that is made in Alsace. A fragrant and delicious tea is made from the green-dried leaves and flowers. Slightly wilted leaves are used, the tea has a fresh, grassy flavor. The sweet-scented flowers are eaten or used as a garnish.
MEDICINAL USES: Antispasmodic, Cardiac, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Homeopathy, Sedative,
Sweet woodruff was widely used in herbal medicine during the Middle Ages, gaining a reputation as an external application to wounds and cuts and also taken internally in the treatment of digestive and liver problems. In current day herbalism it is valued mainly for its tonic, diuretic and anti-inflammatory affect. The leaves are antispasmodic, cardiac, diaphoretic, diuretic, sedative. An infusion is used in the treatment of insomnia and nervous tension, varicose veins, biliary obstruction, hepatitis and jaundice. The plant is harvested just before or as it comes into flower and can be dried for later use. One report says that it should be used with caution while another says that it is entirely safe. Excessive doses can produce dizziness and symptoms of poisoning. The dried plant contains coumarin and this acts to prevent the clotting of blood - though in excessive doses it can cause internal bleeding. The plant is grown commercially as a source of coumarin, used to make an anticoagulant drug. Do not use this remedy if you are taking conventional medicine for circulatory problems or if you are pregnant. A number of species in this genus contain asperuloside, a substance that produces coumarin and gives the scent of new-mown hay as the plant dries. Asperuloside can be converted into prostaglandins (hormone-like compounds that stimulate the uterus and affect blood vessels), making the genus of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry. A homeopathic remedy made from the plant is used in the treatment of inflammation of the uterus.
OTHER USES: Dye, Red, Soft-tan, Grey-green, Potpourri, Repellent, Strewing
A red dye is obtained from the root. Soft-tan and grey-green dyes are obtained from the stems and leaves. A good ground-cover plant for growing on woodland edges or in the cool shade of shrubs. It spreads rapidly at the roots. It is an ideal carpeting plant for bulbs to grow through. Although the fresh plant has very little aroma, as it dries it becomes very aromatic with the scent of newly-mown grass and then retains this aroma for years. It is used in the linen cupboard to protect from moths etc. It was also formerly used as a strewing herb and is an ingredient of potpourri. It was also hung up in bunches in the home in order to keep the rooms cool and fragrant during the summertime.
Edible Parts: Flowers,
Edible Uses: Tea, Salad,
Flower heads - raw or cooked. A tasty nibble. The dried flowers are used to make herb teas. They are pineapple scented when steeped in hot water.
CAUTION: Some people are allergic to this plant
MEDICINAL USES: Antispasmodic, Carminative, Galactogogue, Sedative, Skin, Vermifuge,
The flowering plant is antispasmodic, carminative, galactogogue, sedative, skin and vermifuge. This plant is rarely used medicinally, though it is sometimes employed as a domestic remedy in the treatment of intestinal worms and also as a sedative. The plant is harvested when in flower in the summer and is dried for later use. Some caution is advised since some individuals are allergic to this plant.
OTHER USES: Repellent
The plant repels insects. The dried flowers are used as an insect repellent.
. www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Matricaria+matrica...
Seen in the shingle above the beach at Felixstowe.
Stinking Goosefoot is so called because of its obnoxious stench of rotting fish. Despite this and its unprepossesing appearance, it is the subject of protection in Britain under the Wildlife and Countryside Act because it is now extremely rare. The plant is a member of the family Chenopodiaceae, which also contains other similarly unattractive annual plants.
This plant has an overall greyish and rather mealy appearance. Its flowers are borne on almost leafless spikes and appear in July and August, and in this case, well into October!
The whole plant is antispasmodic. An infusion of the dried leaves is used in the treatment of hysteria and nervous troubles connected with women's ailments!!
Gold/green dyes can be obtained from the whole plant.
Irregular flowers, pale-purple, born in the upper axils of the opposite leaves. Upper leaves mostly 3 pointed lobes, lower leaves deeply cleft into 3-5 lobes. 2-5 ft high. Moist woods and waste places.
Medicinal Action and Uses---Diaphoretic, antispasmodic, tonic, nervine, emmenagogue. Motherwort is especially valuable in female weakness and disorders (hence the name), allaying nervous irritability and inducing quiet and passivity of the whole nervous system.
As a tonic, it acts without producing febrile excitement, and in fevers, attended with nervousness and delirium, it is extremely useful.
Old writers tell us that there is no better herb for strengthening and gladdening the heart, and that it is good against hysterical complaints, and especially for palpitations of the heart when they arise from hysteric causes, and that when made into a syrup, it will allay inward tremors, faintings, etc. There is no doubt it has proved the truth of their claims in its use as a simple tonic, not only in heart disease, neuralgia and other affections of the heart, but also in spinal disease and in recovery from fevers where other tonics are inadmissable.
In Macer's Herbal we find 'Motherwort' mentioned as one of the herbs which were considered all-powerful against 'wykked sperytis.'
The best way of giving it is in the form of a conserve, made from the young tops, says one writer. It may be given in decoctions, or a strong infusion, but is very unpleasant to take that way. The infusion is made from 1 OZ. of herb to a pint of boiling water, taken in wineglassful doses.
---Preparations and Dosages---Powdered herb, 1/2 to 1 drachm. Fluid extract, 1/2 to 1 drachm. Solid extract, 5 to 15 grains.
Culpepper wrote of Motherwort:
'Venus owns this herb and it is under Leo. There is no better herb to drive melancholy vapours from the heart, to strengthen it and make the mind cheerful, blithe and merry. May be kept in a syrup, or conserve, therefore the Latins call it cardiaca.... It cleansethe the chest of cold phlegm, oppressing it and killeth worms in the belly. It is of good use to warm and dry up the cold humours, to digest and disperse them that are settled in the veins, joints and sinews of the body and to help cramps and convulsions.'
And Gerard says:
'Divers commend it against infirmities of the heart. Moreover the same is commended for green wounds; it is also a remedy against certain diseases in cattell, as the cough and murreine, and for that cause divers husbandmen oftentimes much desire it.'
Edible Parts: Flowers, Leaves, Root; Seed,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Tea, Salad, Potherb, Soup, Vegetable, Sprouts, Flour, Vanilla Flavoring,
Leaves and young flowering heads - raw or cooked. The young leaves are harvested before the plant comes into flower, and are used in salads, soups etc.. On their own they can be used as a vegetable, cooked like spinach. The leaves are best cooked. They can be dried, powdered and sprinkled on foods such as boiled rice. The leaves contain 81% water, 4% protein, 0.7% fat, 2.6% fiber and 2% ash. The seed can be sprouted and used in salads. A crisp texture and more robust flavor than alfalfa (Medicago sativa). The seeds are reported as containing trypsin inhibitors. These can interfere with certain enzymes that help in the digestion of proteins, but are normally destroyed if the seed is sprouted first. Flowers and seed pods - dried, ground into a powder and used as a flour. The young flowers can also be eaten raw in salads. Root - cooked. A delicate sweet herb tea is made from the fresh or dried flowers. The dried leaves impart a vanilla flavor to cakes etc..
CAUTION: Diseased clover, even if no symptoms of disease are visible, can contain toxic alkaloids.
MEDICINAL USES: Alterative, Antipsoriatic, Antiscrophulatic, Antispasmodic; Aperient, Anticancer, Detergent, Diuretic, Expectorant, Miscellany, Sedative, Skin, Tonic, Ostrogenic, Antidiabetic, Anti-AIDS,
Red clover is safe and effective herb with a long history of medicinal usage. It is commonly used to treat skin conditions, normally in combination with other purifying herbs such as Arctium lappa and Rumex crispus. It is a folk remedy for cancer of the breast, a concentrated decoction being applied to the site of the tumor in order to encourage it to grow outwards and clear the body. Flavonoids in the flowers and leaves are ostrogenic and may be of benefit in the treatment of menopausal complaints. The flowering heads are alterative, antiscrofulous, antispasmodic, aperient, detergent, diuretic, expectorant, sedative and tonic. It has also shown anticancer activity, poultices of the herb have been used as local applications to cancerous growths. Internally, the plant is used in the treatment of skin complaints (especially eczema and psoriasis), cancers of the breast, ovaries and lymphatic system, chronic degenerative diseases, gout, whooping cough and dry coughs. The plant is normally harvested for use as it comes into flower and some reports say that only the flowers are used. The toxic indolizidine alkaloid 'slaframine' is often found in diseased clover (even if the clover shows no external symptoms of disease). This alkaloid is being studied for its antidiabetic and anti-AIDS activity.
OTHER USES: Dye, Yellow, Green manure, Miscellany, Soil reclamation
A yellow dye is obtained from the flowers. The plant makes a good green manure, it is useful for over-wintering, especially in a mixture with Lolium perenne. Deep rooting, it produces a good bulk. It is a host to 'clover rot' however, so should not be used too frequently. It can be undersown with cereals though it may be too vigorous. It is also grown with grass mixtures for land reclamation, it has good nitrogen fixing properties.
The Costus pictus is valued mainly for its tonic, stimulant and antiseptic properties. It is said to be aphrodisiac and to be able to prevent the hair turning grey. Its root is anodyne, antibacterial, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, carminative, skin, stimulant, stomachic, tonic and vermifuge.
Edible Parts: Flowers; Leaves; Root; Stem.
Edible Uses: Tea.
Leaves and young shoot tips - raw or cooked. They can be used in salads or cooked as a vegetable. When boiled they make a wholesome vegetable and are a good source of vitamins A and C. Only use the leaves when they are young. Although they are said to be edible, another report says that an infusion of them can stupefy. Young shoots - cooked. They make a good asparagus substitute. Root - raw, cooked or dried and ground into a powder. Used in spring, it has a sweet taste. Flower stalks - raw or cooked. Added to salads, they are used when the flowers are in bud. The pith of young or older stems - raw or cooked. Slightly sweet, tender and pleasing to eat, though there is not much of it. Gelatinous, it can be used as a flavoring in soups. The stems are said to be a good laxative, but are best not eaten on an empty stomach. A tea is made from the dried leaves, it is sweet and pleasant. Called 'kaporie' tea in Russia, it contains 10% tannin. The leaves are also used as an adulterant of China tea.
MEDICINAL USES: Anti inflammatory; Antispasmodic; Astringent; Demulcent; Emollient; Hypnotic; Laxative; Poultice; Tonic.
Willow herb is often used as a domestic herbal remedy, though it is little used in conventional herbalism. The herb is antispasmodic, astringent, demulcent, emollient, hypnotic, laxative and tonic. It is used in the treatment of diarrhea, mucous colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. The plant is used in Germany and Austria to treat prostate problems. A poultice of the leaves is applied to mouth ulcers. An extract of the leaves has anti-inflammatory activity. An ointment made from the leaves has been used to soothe skin problems in children. A tea made from the leaves and roots is a folk remedy for dysentery and abdominal cramps. A poultice made from the peeled roots is applied to burns, skin sores, swellings, boils etc..
OTHER USES: Fiber; Stuffing; Tinder; Weather protection.
A fiber obtained from the outer stems is used to make cordage. The 'cottony' seed hairs are used as a stuffing material or as a tinder. The powdered inner cortex is applied to the hands and face to give protection from the cold.
www.pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Epilobium+angustif...
Edible Parts: Flowers, Fruit, Leaves,
Edible Uses: Coffee, Tea, Jams, Preserves, Flour, Salad,
Fruit - raw or cooked. Not very appetizing raw, it is normally used for making jams and preserves. The fruit can be dried, ground, mixed with flour and used for making bread etc.. The fruit is about 1cm in diameter. There are up to five fairly large seeds in the center of the fruit, these often stick together and so the effect is of eating a cherry-like fruit with a single seed. Young shoots - raw. A pleasant nutty flavor, they are a good addition to the salad bowl. A tea is made from the dried leaves, it is a china tea substitute. The roasted seeds are a coffee substitute. The flowers are used in syrups and sweet puddings.
MEDICINAL USES: Antispasmodic, Astringent, Cardio tonic, Diuretic, Hypotensive, Sedative, Tonic, Vasodilator
Hawthorn is an extremely valuable medicinal herb. It is used mainly for treating disorders of the heart and circulation system, especially angina. Western herbalists consider it a 'food for the heart', it increases the blood flow to the heart muscles and restores normal heart beat. This effect is brought about by the presence of bioflavonoids in the fruit, these bioflavonoids are also strongly antioxidant, helping to prevent or reduce degeneration of the blood vessels. The fruit is antispasmodic, cardiac, diuretic, sedative, tonic and vasodilator. Both the fruits and flowers of hawthorns are well-known in herbal folk medicine as a heart tonic and modern research has borne out this use. The fruits and flowers have a hypotensive effect as well as acting as a direct and mild heart tonic. They are especially indicated in the treatment of weak heart combined with high blood pressure, they are also used to treat a heart muscle weakened by age, for inflammation of the heart muscle, arteriosclerosis and for nervous heart problems. Prolonged use is necessary for the treatment to be efficacious. It is normally used either as a tea or a tincture. Hawthorn is combined with ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) to enhance poor memory, working by improving the blood supply to the brain. The bark is astringent and has been used in the treatment of malaria and other fevers. The roots are said to stimulate the arteries of the heart.