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All About Chamomile ( Benefits and Uses)
All About Chamomile ( Benefits and Uses)
Chamomile – A Wonder Herb
Chamomile tea aroma and flavor are unmistakable, but beyond them, chamomile is the remedy for a wide range of diseases. The benefits of chamomile tea should be known to every one of us: it eliminates oxidative stress and free radicals, has anti-allergic and antispasmodic properties. It has antispasmodic properties and regulates intestinal motility (bowel movements), being useful in diarrhea and abdominal cramps.
Chamomile extract is an adjuvant that treats inflammation and irritation caused by acne on face and body. Along with a good skin care and other treatments prescribed by a dermatologist, chamomile extract can be helpful in curing acne. Chamomile has a calming effect on the skin due to the presence of flavonoids and essential oils in its composition and antioxidants find in this plant extract acts as a shield against harmful factors in the external environment.
Chamomile is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. It stimulates blood circulation and helps eliminate toxins. Massage for 20 minutes tonight affected areas with warm chamomile oil. Has silky skin, while gentle and will regain firmness. The skin will remain silky, gentle, and it will regain its firmness.
Infusion of a mixture of chamomile with cornflowers, celandine, mint, artichokes and rattles is effective for liver disease. It relieves pain and decongest, while acting as an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory. It promotes the secretion of digestive juices in the stomach and facilitates digestion. It also helps digestion. It ensures a good health of the liver and proper flow of bile. It increases secretion of hydrochloric acid, bile and enzymes in the stomach, thereby promoting digestion.
Chamomile extracts acts on all body tissues, primarily on the skin and mucous membranes. Chamomile extract is very useful in treating dry, itchy or inflamed skin. It can be useful in calming inflammation and acne skin irritations.
It has very good antiseptic and antibiotic properties and cure biotic infections (infections caused by biotic factors such as bacteria, fungi, etc.). It is a good vermifuge and kills all kinds of intestinal worms. If applied to the hair, he destroys lice and mites, and keeps your hair and scalp protected from infection and damage.
Japanese researchers are confident that if you drink chamomile tea every day, before each meal, blood sugar drops and can prevent diabetic complications.
It heals disorders of the circulatory system, stimulates circulation and detoxify the blood of toxins, such as uric acid, helping to diseases such as rheumatism, arthritis, poor circulation caused by the accumulation of uric acid.
Many Health Benefits of Chamomile Tea
Chamomile is an herb that comes from a flowering plant from the daisy family. Both the fresh and dried flowers of chamomile have been used to create teas for centuries to cure a number of health problems. The active ingredient in chamomile essential oil is known as bisabolol, which has a number of anti-irritant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial properties.
Green tea has become extremely popular of late for its various health benefits and its miraculous effects on skin and body. However, the wonders of Chamomile tea are still unknown to many. There are many beneficial properties that are present in the Chamomile plant which convert easily into a cup of tea.
It has various beautifying effects on the skin. It has an abundance of amazing healing, antioxidant, cleansing and moisturizing properties and is considered a skincare treatment. Infused with great healing properties, chamomile tea accelerates the healing process of minor wounds and also disinfects the wounds. Chamomile tea is an excellent all-natural skin bleach. It lightens the complexion and renders it a healthy glow. It is found to be very effective in soothing skin irritation and sunburns. This magic potion is a powerhouse of antioxidants that help you fight acne and breakouts. It also works wonders to eliminate acne scars. It protects your skin from free radical damage, a chief contributor to premature aging, hence help retaining your youthful charm for long. Placing cooled down chamomile tea bags under the eyes can help reducing under-eye dark circles and eye puffiness. If consumed on a regular basis, chamomile tea nourishes and moisturizes your skin from deep inside.
Chamomile tea is also great for curing stomach cramps as it contains fairly strong antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory constituents. Drinking it twice a day can help relieve the cramps and also helps prevent stomach flu and ulcers. Chamomile tea is also known to help cure irritable bowel syndrome, relieve excessive gas and bloating.
Chamomile tea has also been proven to be highly beneficial in help curing insomnia and other sleep disorders. A cup of chamomile before bed assures a good night’s sleep. It is also known to prevent migraines. As one notices the signs of a migraine, drinking a cup of chamomile tea, can help prevent its onset.
Chamomile tea has a wide variety of benefits. However, as with all herbal products chamomile too has certain side effects. It causes drowsiness, so it is best not to drink it before driving. When consumed in high quantities, chamomile may cause vomiting and skin reactions in some people. Chamomile is considered to be a natural abortive; hence it is not advisable to consume it during pregnancy.
How to Grow and Use Chamomile
The chamomile herb is an extremely useful sleeping agent for many who suffer from mild forms of insomnia. Besides this, a number of health benefits have been reported on consuming chamomile tea. The fresh or dried flowers are steeped in hot water to produce a mild tea which is both soothing and delicious! There are many different varieties of the herb. Some that grow wildly and some that are cultivated for use. Of the many varieties, only two- German chamomile and Roman chamomile- are used for drinking purposes. You can purchase these at your tea store or you can even choose to grow them!
How to Grow Chamomile
German chamomile grows from seeds sown directly in their garden location. The delicate seeds are very tiny and should be handled with care. The best way to plant these is to scatter the seeds over the prepared bed and then gently tapping the soil with the flat side of a hoe or the back of a spade. This variety of chamomile is planted when temperatures hit 10C, so its best to grow chamomile in colder countries. It usually germinates within a week to ten days. Flowering occurs in anywhere between eight to ten weeks. Blooms develop continuously, and once flowering commences, harvesting is possible every ten days to two weeks.
Roman chamomile can be started from seeds or cuttings, or by root division. While German chamomiles can withstand a bit of frost, the Roman variety needs a full sun. The seedling should have a six to twelve inch spacing ad planted in a slightly acidic to neutral soil with good drainage. A rich soil will produce lush leaf growth but few flowers. It is an excellent, but slow-growing, ground cover for cooler areas. Roman chamomile does not tolerate hot, dry weather. It has approximately the same harvest time as German chamomile.
Once harvested both varieties can be dried and stored. They both make excellent teas. One simply needs to add a few chamomile flowers to a cup of hot water and allow it to steep for 4-5 minutes. Since chamomile has an extremely mild flavour, this tea will never be too strong to the taste, but one can steep the tea longer if desired. It is best to avoid any additions to the tea, be it milk, sugar, or honey as it will completely overpower the flavour of the tea. Now, pick a cup, steep the tea, sit back, and enjoy!
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Skullcap is a component of smoking blends with alleged psychoactive effects that are offered as a marijuana substitute. The herbage formerly was used as a sedative and nerve tonic and was even prescribed for the treatment of epilepsy, neuralgia, and sleeplessness. The plant contains the flavonoid scutellarin, which has sedative and antispasmodic effects. A species described under the name Scutellaria arvense is reputed to have psychoactive or hallucinogenic effects.
[Taken from Christian Rätsch's The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants.]
Edible Parts: Leaves, Root,
Edible Uses: Potherb, Vegetable, Emergency Food,
Young shoots - these must be thoroughly cooked otherwise they are poisonous. The native North American Indian tribes would cook them in several changes of water, the end result being a tasteless mush. The leaves can be dried then powdered and used as a thickening agent. Older leaves have been used to wrap up food that was being baked. The leaves would impart a pleasant flavoring to the food. Young flower stalks - cooked. Only used when there was a shortage of other foods, the stalks must be thoroughly cooked or else they are poisonous. It is said that no more than three stalks should be consumed at one meal. Root - cooked. It must be thoroughly cooked or dried before use, otherwise it is poisonous. Rich in starch, a flour can be made from the dried and ground root. The root has a hot flavor, somewhat like ginger. The root is best harvested in the autumn.
CAUTION: The plant is rich in calcium oxalate, this is toxic and if consumed makes the mouth and digestive tract feel as though hundreds of needles are being stuck into it. However, calcium oxylate is easily destroyed by thoroughly cooking or drying the plant.
MEDICINAL USES: Antispasmodic, Blood purifier, Poultice, Styptic
Antispasmodic, styptic. Yellow skunk cabbage was employed medicinally by several native North American Indian tribes who used it mainly as a poultice to treat a variety of complaints. It is little, if at all, used in modern herbalism. Caution is advised, especially if using the plant internally, see the notes above on toxicity. A poultice of roots has been applied to swellings, sores, boils, burns and rheumatic joints. A poultice of the heated blossoms has been applied to rheumatic joints. A poultice of the leaves has been applied to scrofulous sores, burns, cuts, swellings and chest pains. Heated leaves have been applied tot he body in order to draw out splinters and thorns. The leaves have also been used as a general tonic in a herbal sweat bath. The raw root has been chewed by women in order to secure an abortion. A decoction of the root has been drunk as a blood purifier.
OTHER USES: Containers, Lining, Waxed paper
The leaves are large and water repellent, they can be used as a 'waxed paper' and also for lining fruit baskets etc., and for wrapping food in for baking. They were also folded and used as containers for collecting berries, as drinking cups and as a covering or mat for food that was being dried. The plants have very large leaves and form a slowly spreading clump. They can be grown as a ground cover, spaced about 1 meter apart each way.
www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Lysichiton+americanus
Datura metel grows in the wild in all the warmer parts of the world, such as India and is cultivated worldwide for its chemical and ornamental properties. It was first described by Linnaeus in 1753, but no botanically correct illustrations or descriptions were made until after the New World was settled. It is not possible to be sure about its original home.
Other Names: Downy Thorn Apple, Devil’s Trumpet, Horn of Plenty, Ghost Egg
Recommended Uses:
The whole plant, but especially the leaves and seed, is anaesthetic, anodyne, antiasthmatic, antispasmodic, antitussive, bronchodilator, hallucinogenic, hypnotic and mydriatic. It has a wide range of applications in India, including in the treatment of epilepsy, hysteria, insanity, heart diseases, fever with catarrh, diarrhoea, skin diseases etc
In China, the plant is used in the treatment of asthma
In Vietnam, the dried flowers and leaves are cut into small chips and used in antiasthmatic cigarettes
Height: 3-5 ft.
Hardiness: Zone 8-11
Flower Color: dark violet
Characteristics: The plant is an annual herb growing up to 3 ft. high. It is slightly furry, with dark violet shoots and oval to broad oval leaves that are often dark violet as well. The pleasantly-scented 6-8 in. flowers are immensely varied, and can be single or double. Colors range from white to cream, yellow, red, and violet.
Uses: medicinal herb, ornament
Growing Instructions:
Start indoors several weeks before warm temperatures. Grow in filtered to direct sun. Water regularly, requires medium to heavy fertilization. Seeds must be scarified with knife. Soak seeds in thermos in warm water for 24 hours. Cover seeds on growing tray with thin layer of vermiculite or compost but needs light to germinate. Place seeds where temperature remains 80 degrees, keeping seeds moist, not soggy. Once germinated move to pot covering roots, placing in indirect light. Plant in ground once true leaves show
Lavender can be used to calm the central nervous system. It is considered a nervine and a sedative, and under some circumstances, a stimulant. It can be beneficial to treat nervous tension, headaches, migraines, neuralgia, insomnia, and rheumatic joints. It also has antispasmodic and carminative properties. It can be used for nerve related stomach or digestive problems. It also helps to relieve gut cramps.
Emotionally, Lavender is beneficial for treating anxiety, stress, fear, irritability,
depression, melancholy, and it balances intense mood swings. It is useful for
hormone related nervous system imbalances such as p.m.s. and it an be used for menopausal women with mood swings or irritability.
Some individuals may experience more of a stimulating, restorative or regenerative effect on the nervous system. It is uplifting, refreshing, and balancing.
Lavender essential oil can be used to disinfect sick rooms. It has antiseptic and antimicrobial properties. It works wonderfully as a topical application for burns. It can be used to reduce irritation and itching associated with poison oak, eczema, dermatitis, and psoriasis. The essential oil applied neat is an effective first aid remedy for bee-stings, wasp stings, spider bites, mosquito bites, wounds, and for athlete’s foot. Lavender steams can be used to treat colds, flu, and bronchitis.
The Essential Oil:
Lavendula angustifolia is the species commonly used in the perfume industry. The French Lavender (Lavendula angustifolia) is characterized by a high ester content. It also contains: linalol, and linalyl acetate. It helps to normalize blood sugar output for hyperglycemics. Consuming one to two drops of Lavender Spirits prior to a meal can reduce the appetite.
It also has calming, spasmolytic, and restorative properties.
Lavendula latifolia, or Spike Lavender has a higher camphor and cineole content, which renders it more useful as a disinfectant. It contains: cineole, terpene alcohols, terpene ketone (camphor.) It can be used to treat colds and flus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, Candida, infected hair follicles, Bacterial Vaginosis, and HPV. It can be used topically on cuts, wounds, bites, acne, pimples and black heads. L. hybrida is a chemotype that also has similar disinfectant properties. This species is higher in: borneol, and terpines.
When you have diarrhea and vomiting, you can say you've got the "stomach flu." These signs and symptoms regularly are because of a condition called gastroenteritis. With gastroenteritis, your belly and intestines are irritated and inflamed. The cause is typically a viral or bacterial contamination. Although it's commonly called belly flu, gastroenteritis isn't similar to influenza. Influenza impacts the respiratory, i.e. the nostril, throat, and lungs.
Gastroenteritis, on the other hand, attacks your intestines, causing signs and symptoms and symptoms, which include:
Watery, normally nonblood diarrhea
Abdominal cramps and ache
Nausea, vomiting or both
Occasional muscle aches or a headache
Low-temperature fever
Depending on the cause, viral gastroenteritis symptoms might also appear within one to three days when you're infected and might range from moderate to intense. Symptoms generally last only a day or two, however occasionally they will persist as long as 10 days.
Just because the symptoms are comparable, it is easy to confuse viral diarrhea with diarrhea resulting from bacteria, which includes Clostridium, salmonella or parasites. Parasites also can cause gastroenteritis, however, it's not usual. You get infected by micro-organisms like giardia and cryptosporidium in contaminated swimming pools or through consuming infected water.
There are also other ways to catch Gastroenteritis:
Heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, or mercury) in drinking water.
Eating quite a few acidic ingredients, like citrus fruit and tomatoes.
Toxins that might be in seafood.
Medications which include antibiotics, antacids, laxatives, and chemotherapy capsules.
Immunodeficiency.
Remedies:-
1. Rehydration is essential with adequate colonial liquids is needed with electrolytes.
2. If fever persists, then antibiotics should be started with paracetamol and antispasmodics.
3. In rare cases, IV antibiotics may be needed.
4. Medications may be needed to stop vomiting and diarrhea if not controlled.
A very poisonous plant, the toxins are especially concentrated in the seed. The stems contain up to 0.06% of the toxic alkaloids, the leaves between 0.03 and 0.8%, the flowers from 0.09 to 0.24% and the green fruit from 0.73 to 0.98%. The toxins, however, are very volatile and decompose readily, especially when the plant is dried or cooked. The toxins paralyze the respiratory nerves, causing death by suffocation. Children have been known to die after using the hollow stems as blowpipes. The poisonous nature of the plant varies considerably, with many people believing that the plant is less toxic when grown in cooler climates.
MEDICINAL USES: Analgesic; Antirheumatic; Antispasmodic; Cancer; Emetic; Galactofuge; Homeopathy; Sedative.
Hemlock is a very poisonous plant that has a long history of medicinal use, though it is very rarely used in modern herbalism. It is a narcotic plant that sedates and relieves pain. The plant contains coniine, an extremely toxic substance that can also cause congenital defects. The whole plant is analgesic, antispasmodic, emetic, galactofuge and sedative. It is a traditional folk treatment for cancer and was formerly widely used internally in very small doses to treat a variety of complaints including tumors, epilepsy, whooping cough, rabies and as an antidote to strychnine poisoning. It is still used externally, usually in ointments and oils, in the treatment of mastitis, malignant tumors (especially breast cancer) anal fissure and hemorrhoids. The leaves and stems should be harvested when the first fruits are forming, since they are then at their most active medicinally. The fruits are gathered either when fully ripe, or before they turn from green to yellow, and are then dried. Because of the extremely toxic nature of this herb, it is seldom employed nowadays. Use with extreme caution and only under the guidance of a qualified practitioner. See also the notes above on toxicity. A homeopathic remedy is prepared from a tincture of the fresh plant, harvested when in flower It is used for treating complaints such as dizziness, coughs, insomnia, exhaustion, arteriosclerosis and prostate problems.
Edible Parts: Leaves, Flowers
Edible Uses: Tea.
An aromatic, slightly bitter tea can be made by infusing the dried leaves in boiling water for 5 - 10 minutes. A sweeter tea can be made by infusing the fresh or dried flowers.
CAUTION: The leaves contain rotenone and coumarin, though the quantities are not given. Rotenone is used as an insecticide and coumarin can prevent the blood from clotting. Hairs on the leaves can act as an irritant.
MEDICINAL USES: Anodyne; Antiseptic; Astringent; Demulcent; Emollient; Expectorant; Homeopathy; Narcotic;
Odontalgic; Vulnerary.
Great mullein is a commonly used domestic herbal remedy, valued for its efficacy in the treatment of pectoral complaints. It acts by reducing the formation of mucus and stimulating the coughing up of phlegm, and is a specific treatment for tracheitis and bronchitis. The leaves and the flowers are anodyne, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, demulcent, diuretic, emollient, expectorant and vulnerary. An infusion is taken internally in the treatment of a wide range of chest complaints and also to treat diarrhea. The plant combines well with other expectorants such as coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris). Externally, a poultice of the leaves is a good healer of wounds and is also applied to ulcers, tumors and piles. Any preparation made from the leaves needs to be carefully strained in order to remove the small hairs which can be an irritant. The plant is harvested when in flower and is dried for later use. An infusion of the flowers in olive oil is used as earache drops, or as a local application in the treatment of piles and other mucous membrane inflammations. This infusion is also strongly bactericidal. A decoction of the roots is said to alleviate toothache and also relieve cramps and convulsions. The juice of the plant and powder made from the dried roots is said to quickly remove rough warts when rubbed on them. It is not thought to be so useful for smooth warts. The seeds are slightly narcotic and also contain saponins. A poultice made from the seeds and leaves is used to draw out splinters. A decoction of the seeds is used to soothe chilblains and chapped skin. A homeopathic remedy is made from the fresh leaves. It is used in the treatment of long-standing headaches accompanied with oppression of the ear.
OTHER USES: Dye; Insecticide; Insulation; Lighting; Tinder; Wick.
A yellow dye is obtained from the flowers by boiling them in water. When used with dilute sulphuric acid they produce a rather permanent green dye, this becomes brown with the addition of alkalis. An infusion of the flowers is sometimes used to dye the hair a golden color. The flowering stems can be dipped in wax and used as torches. The down on the leaves and stems makes an excellent tinder when quite dry. It is also used as an insulation in shoes to keep the feet warm and to make wicks for candle. One report says that the leaves contain rotenone, though it does not say in what quantity. Rotenone is used as an insecticide.
Chipmunk eating Cow Parsnip seeds
Edible Parts: Flowers, Leaves, Root, Stem, Seeds,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Salt, Vegetable, Salad, Potherb,
Root - cooked. Used like potatoes, though it is considered to be poisonous by some writers The peeled stem can be eaten raw but is best cooked. The unpeeled stem can be used when young, or just the inner tissue of older stems can be used, before the plants flower. For people not used to the flavor, they are best cooked in two changes of water when they make a tasty celery-like vegetable. Another report says that, despite the strong odor of the leaves and outer skin, the peeled young stems are mild and sweet, resembling celery in flavor. The stems cannot be eaten raw in large quantities because they give a burning sensation in the mouth. The stems are highly nutritious, containing up to 18% protein. Leaves and young shoots - raw or cooked. Cooked as greens or added to salads. Young flowers. No further details. The dried seeds are used as a flavoring for soups, stews and potato salads. The dried base of the plant and ashes from the burnt leaves are used as a salt substitute.
CAUTION: Many members of this genus, including this species, contain furanocoumarins. These have carcinogenic, mutagenic and phototoxic properties. The fresh foliage can cause dermatitis. If the juice and hairs of the outer skin are left on the face and mouth, they can cause blisters. This effect is especially prevalent for people with fair complexions.
MEDICINAL USES: Antidandruff, Antirheumatic, Antispasmodic, Carminative, Febrifuge, Odontalgic, Stimulant, TB, Tonic,
Cow parsnip was widely employed medicinally by a large number of native North American Indian tribes who used it to treat a wide variety of complaints, but especially as a poultice on bruises, sores etc.. It is little used in modern herbalism, though perhaps it merits further investigation. All parts of the plant are antirheumatic, antispasmodic, carminative, febrifuge, odontalgic and stimulant. The leaves are tonic. They have been used in the treatment of colds. A soothing drink made from the leaves is used to treat sore throats. A poultice of the heated leaves has been applied to minor cuts, sore muscles etc.. An infusion of the fresh young stems has been used in the treatment of diarrhea. It has also been used as a wash to remove warts. The plant has been used in the treatment of epilepsy. A tea made from the roots is used in the treatment of indigestion, colds, stomach cramps, rheumatism, sore throats, TB etc.. Externally, the root is used as a poultice on sores, bruises, swellings, boils, rheumatic joints, VD scabs etc, while a bit of root has been held on an aching tooth to reduce the pain. The root can be crushed, mixed with water and used as an antidandruff hair wash. The root contains psoralen, which is being investigated for its use in the treatment of psoriasis, leukaemia and AIDS. The seed has been used to treat severe headaches.
OTHER USES: Dye, Yellow, Whistles, Flutes, Straws, Packing, Repellent
Whistles, flutes, straws etc can be made from the hollow stems. The leaves are used as a covering for baskets of fruit etc.. A yellow dye is obtained from the roots. An infusion of the blossoms, rubbed on the body, repels flies and mosquitoes.
pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Heracleum+sphondylium+...
Looking like Queen Anne's Lace on steroids, cow parsnip stands tall through the summer months. The thick, ribbed, hollow central stalks are crowned with large white umbrella-shaped flower clusters. When peeled with caution to avoid severe skin blistering, these stalks are a tasty addition to the diet, so popular in Native American tradition that the entire plant is commonly called Indian Celery. Although the foliage and exterior skin of cow parsnip are pungent smelling, the inner stalk is mild, sometimes sweet, and tastes like celery. The stalks are popular fresh, but can also be cooked and used in similar applications as celery.
CAUTION: The juices of this plant can cause severe blistering if not handled carefully. Gather with caution, because the juices of cow parsnip's outer tissues contain phototoxic compounds. When these juices make contact with skin and the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light(such as sunlight), these compounds cause the skin to discolor or even blister. Always wear gloves when handling the plant. Break or cut the newly developed central stalks near their base and secure away from skin. Peel the outer layer of the stalk and dispose of it carefully, then wash the interior stalk thoroughly before using. Also, be certain that you are gathering the right plant. There are poisonous plants with similarly shaped and colored flowers, such as Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum). These plants do not have the large, hollow stalks of cow parsnip, but can be confused by inexperienced harvesters. The stalk of poison hemlock is not ribbed, it is smooth and can grow as high as 8 to 10 feet. If unsure, avoid cow parsnip altogether. *
*Pacific Northwest Foraging, by Douglas Deur, Timber Press.
Technical: Aperture f/6.3, shutter speed 1/250, focus on bee and blue borage plant, natural light, 12:27 pm, lens 35mm.
Composition: Rhythm and emphasis. Color harmony blue and magenta. Color contrast blue and yellow. Rule of thirds.
Content: Bees around Blue Borage at Qorikancha gardens.
Borage is not only a honey plant, but also one of the most famous ancient spices and a valuable herb. It is traditionally cultivated as a vegetable type and spice, but it is also gwon for pharmaceutical purposes, because of the oil extracted from its seeds, which is often called “star flower oil” or “borage oil”. Special honey plants are characterized mainly by the beneficial effect they have for honey production.
Medicine:
Its leaves and flowers have anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and tranquilizing effect. It is also used as a diuretic and has a beneficial effect for stomach, kidney and rheumatic pains.
Cosmetics:
The plant is used as an ingredient of many skin rejuvenating lotions and creams.
Organic farming:
It is mainly used for soil fertilization.
Reference:
kiwimana.co.nz/borage-good-for-bees
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Edible Parts: Flowers; Leaves; Root; Stem.
Edible Uses: Tea.
Leaves and young shoot tips - raw or cooked. They can be used in salads or cooked as a vegetable. When boiled they make a wholesome vegetable and are a good source of vitamins A and C. Only use the leaves when they are young. Although they are said to be edible, another report says that an infusion of them can stupefy. Young shoots - cooked. They make a good asparagus substitute. Root - raw, cooked or dried and ground into a powder. Used in spring, it has a sweet taste. Flower stalks - raw or cooked. Added to salads, they are used when the flowers are in bud. The pith of young or older stems - raw or cooked. Slightly sweet, tender and pleasing to eat, though there is not much of it. Gelatinous, it can be used as a flavoring in soups. The stems are said to be a good laxative, but are best not eaten on an empty stomach. A tea is made from the dried leaves, it is sweet and pleasant. Called 'kaporie' tea in Russia, it contains 10% tannin. The leaves are also used as an adulterant of China tea.
MEDICINAL USES: Anti inflammatory; Antispasmodic; Astringent; Demulcent; Emollient; Hypnotic; Laxative; Poultice; Tonic.
Willow herb is often used as a domestic herbal remedy, though it is little used in conventional herbalism. The herb is antispasmodic, astringent, demulcent, emollient, hypnotic, laxative and tonic. It is used in the treatment of diarrhea, mucous colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. The plant is used in Germany and Austria to treat prostate problems. A poultice of the leaves is applied to mouth ulcers. An extract of the leaves has anti-inflammatory activity. An ointment made from the leaves has been used to soothe skin problems in children. A tea made from the leaves and roots is a folk remedy for dysentery and abdominal cramps. A poultice made from the peeled roots is applied to burns, skin sores, swellings, boils etc..
OTHER USES: Fiber; Stuffing; Tinder; Weather protection.
A fiber obtained from the outer stems is used to make cordage. The 'cottony' seed hairs are used as a stuffing material or as a tinder. The powdered inner cortex is applied to the hands and face to give protection from the cold.
www.pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Epilobium+angustif...
Edible Parts: Leaves, Root,
Edible Uses: Potherb, Vegetable, Emergency Food,
Young shoots - these must be thoroughly cooked otherwise they are poisonous. The native North American Indian tribes would cook them in several changes of water, the end result being a tasteless mush. The leaves can be dried then powdered and used as a thickening agent. Older leaves have been used to wrap up food that was being baked. The leaves would impart a pleasant flavoring to the food. Young flower stalks - cooked. Only used when there was a shortage of other foods, the stalks must be thoroughly cooked or else they are poisonous. It is said that no more than three stalks should be consumed at one meal. Root - cooked. It must be thoroughly cooked or dried before use, otherwise it is poisonous. Rich in starch, a flour can be made from the dried and ground root. The root has a hot flavor, somewhat like ginger. The root is best harvested in the autumn.
CAUTION: The plant is rich in calcium oxalate, this is toxic and if consumed makes the mouth and digestive tract feel as though hundreds of needles are being stuck into it. However, calcium oxylate is easily destroyed by thoroughly cooking or drying the plant.
MEDICINAL USES: Antispasmodic, Blood purifier, Poultice, Styptic
Antispasmodic, styptic. Yellow skunk cabbage was employed medicinally by several native North American Indian tribes who used it mainly as a poultice to treat a variety of complaints. It is little, if at all, used in modern herbalism. Caution is advised, especially if using the plant internally, see the notes above on toxicity. A poultice of roots has been applied to swellings, sores, boils, burns and rheumatic joints. A poultice of the heated blossoms has been applied to rheumatic joints. A poultice of the leaves has been applied to scrofulous sores, burns, cuts, swellings and chest pains. Heated leaves have been applied tot he body in order to draw out splinters and thorns. The leaves have also been used as a general tonic in a herbal sweat bath. The raw root has been chewed by women in order to secure an abortion. A decoction of the root has been drunk as a blood purifier.
OTHER USES: Containers, Lining, Waxed paper
The leaves are large and water repellent, they can be used as a 'waxed paper' and also for lining fruit baskets etc., and for wrapping food in for baking. They were also folded and used as containers for collecting berries, as drinking cups and as a covering or mat for food that was being dried. The plants have very large leaves and form a slowly spreading clump. They can be grown as a ground cover, spaced about 1 meter apart each way.
www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Lysichiton+americanus
Edible Parts: Flowers, Leaves, Root, Stem, Seeds,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Salt, Vegetable, Salad, Potherb,
Root - cooked. Used like potatoes, though it is considered to be poisonous by some writers The peeled stem can be eaten raw but is best cooked. The unpeeled stem can be used when young, or just the inner tissue of older stems can be used, before the plants flower. For people not used to the flavor, they are best cooked in two changes of water when they make a tasty celery-like vegetable. Another report says that, despite the strong odor of the leaves and outer skin, the peeled young stems are mild and sweet, resembling celery in flavor. The stems cannot be eaten raw in large quantities because they give a burning sensation in the mouth. The stems are highly nutritious, containing up to 18% protein. Leaves and young shoots - raw or cooked. Cooked as greens or added to salads. Young flowers. No further details. The dried seeds are used as a flavoring for soups, stews and potato salads. The dried base of the plant and ashes from the burnt leaves are used as a salt substitute.
CAUTION: Many members of this genus, including this species, contain furanocoumarins. These have carcinogenic, mutagenic and phototoxic properties. The fresh foliage can cause dermatitis. If the juice and hairs of the outer skin are left on the face and mouth, they can cause blisters. This effect is especially prevalent for people with fair complexions.
MEDICINAL USES: Antidandruff, Antirheumatic, Antispasmodic, Carminative, Febrifuge, Odontalgic, Stimulant, TB, Tonic,
Cow parsnip was widely employed medicinally by a large number of native North American Indian tribes who used it to treat a wide variety of complaints, but especially as a poultice on bruises, sores etc.. It is little used in modern herbalism, though perhaps it merits further investigation. All parts of the plant are antirheumatic, antispasmodic, carminative, febrifuge, odontalgic and stimulant. The leaves are tonic. They have been used in the treatment of colds. A soothing drink made from the leaves is used to treat sore throats. A poultice of the heated leaves has been applied to minor cuts, sore muscles etc.. An infusion of the fresh young stems has been used in the treatment of diarrhea. It has also been used as a wash to remove warts. The plant has been used in the treatment of epilepsy. A tea made from the roots is used in the treatment of indigestion, colds, stomach cramps, rheumatism, sore throats, TB etc.. Externally, the root is used as a poultice on sores, bruises, swellings, boils, rheumatic joints, VD scabs etc, while a bit of root has been held on an aching tooth to reduce the pain. The root can be crushed, mixed with water and used as an antidandruff hair wash. The root contains psoralen, which is being investigated for its use in the treatment of psoriasis, leukaemia and AIDS. The seed has been used to treat severe headaches.
OTHER USES: Dye, Yellow, Whistles, Flutes, Straws, Packing, Repellent
Whistles, flutes, straws etc can be made from the hollow stems. The leaves are used as a covering for baskets of fruit etc.. A yellow dye is obtained from the roots. An infusion of the blossoms, rubbed on the body, repels flies and mosquitoes.
pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Heracleum+sphondylium+...
Looking like Queen Anne's Lace on steroids, cow parsnip stands tall through the summer months. The thick, ribbed, hollow central stalks are crowned with large white umbrella-shaped flower clusters. When peeled with caution to avoid severe skin blistering, these stalks are a tasty addition to the diet, so popular in Native American tradition that the entire plant is commonly called Indian Celery. Although the foliage and exterior skin of cow parsnip are pungent smelling, the inner stalk is mild, sometimes sweet, and tastes like celery. The stalks are popular fresh, but can also be cooked and used in similar applications as celery.
CAUTION: The juices of this plant can cause severe blistering if not handled carefully. Gather with caution, because the juices of cow parsnip's outer tissues contain phototoxic compounds. When these juices make contact with skin and the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light(such as sunlight), these compounds cause the skin to discolor or even blister. Always wear gloves when handling the plant. Break or cut the newly developed central stalks near their base and secure away from skin. Peel the outer layer of the stalk and dispose of it carefully, then wash the interior stalk thoroughly before using. Also, be certain that you are gathering the right plant. There are poisonous plants with similarly shaped and colored flowers, such as Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum). These plants do not have the large, hollow stalks of cow parsnip, but can be confused by inexperienced harvesters. The stalk of poison hemlock is not ribbed, it is smooth and can grow as high as 8 to 10 feet. If unsure, avoid cow parsnip altogether. *
*Pacific Northwest Foraging, by Douglas Deur, Timber Press.
Rwanda is known as a country of thousand hills, and is endowed with rich and unique gifts of flora and fauna, including large numbers of endemic species.
Rwanda, which is reaping benefits from improved phytomedicines with antispasmodic, antacid, and insect repellent properties.
Credit: UNDP Rwanda/2017
While driving to Phillip's Lake on the AB/BC border, I saw this beautiful, purple plant growing out of the side of a rocky cliff. I thought it might be skullcap, so I stopped to investiage. I am always looking for new plants to discover. Years ago, I used to take this plant to help my sore muscles working as an RN. It worked!
This is the first time that I have seen this plant in the wild. I did not pick it, as I am not sure if it is rare. If this is NOT in fact skullcap, please let me know! At any rate, the medicnal uses are as follows:
Nerves,epilepsy,chronic exhaustion,anti-inflammatory, insomnia, excitability, nervous headache, severe hiccups, antiarrthritic, spasms.
Therapeutic action: "Nervine, Tonic, Antispasmodic, slightly astrigent and somewhat diuretic." (Wild Rose College of Natural Healing Ltd.)
Wild plants photographed at Mallygill Wood, West Rainton, Co. Durham.
Primula are herbaceous or semi-evergreen perennials, forming a basal rosette of simple leaves, with salver-shaped or bell-shaped flowers which may be solitary or carried in an umbel or in whorls on an erect stem
Primroses are rosette-forming herbaceous perennials, sometimes grown as annuals, with clusters of solitary flowers arising from the rosette in late winter or early spring.
Primroses have a very long history of medicinal use and has been particularly employed in treating conditions involving spasms, cramps, paralysis and rheumatic pains. They are, however, considered to be less effective than the related P. veris.
The plant contains saponins, which have an expectorant effect, and salicylates which are the main ingredient of aspirin and have anodyne, anti-inflammatory and febrifuge effects. This remedy should not be prescribed for pregnant women, patients who are sensitive to aspirin, or those taking anti-coagulant drugs such as warfarin.
The roots and the flowering herb are anodyne, antispasmodic, astringent, emetic, sedative and vermifuge. An infusion of the roots is a good remedy against nervous headaches. The roots are harvested in the autumn when two or three years old and dried for later use. An ointment has been made from the plant and used for treating skin wounds.
Technical: Aperture f/6.3, shutter speed 1/320, focus on bee and blue borage plant, natural light, 1:02 pm, lens 300mm.
Composition: Emphasis. Color harmony blue and magenta. Color contrast blue and yellow. Rule of thirds.
Content: Bees around Blue Borage at Qorikancha gardens.
Borage is not only a honey plant, but also one of the most famous ancient spices and a valuable herb. It is traditionally cultivated as a vegetable type and spice, but it is also gwon for pharmaceutical purposes, because of the oil extracted from its seeds, which is often called “star flower oil” or “borage oil”. Special honey plants are characterized mainly by the beneficial effect they have for honey production.
Medicine:
Its leaves and flowers have anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and tranquilizing effect. It is also used as a diuretic and has a beneficial effect for stomach, kidney and rheumatic pains.
Cosmetics:
The plant is used as an ingredient of many skin rejuvenating lotions and creams.
Organic farming:
It is mainly used for soil fertilization.
Reference:
kiwimana.co.nz/borage-good-for-bees
Photography: © GALIANO PRODUCCIONES
Contact me:
wa.me/51979359258
m.me/GalianoProducciones
(+51)979359258
www.fb.com/GalianoProducciones
#Photography #CuscoRegion #Cusco #Coricancha #Perú #Qorikancha #Borage #Borraja #TemploDelSol #TempleOfSun #BlueBorage #BorrajaAzul #Avejas #Bees #Plants #Color #Rhythm #Emphasis #ColorHarmony #ColorContrast #FrancescoGaliano #GalianoProducciones
Lobelia. Latin: Lobelia erinus pendula. Swedish: Hänglobelia
Medicinal use:
Native Americans used lobelia to treat respiratory and muscle disorders, and as a purgative. Today it is used to treat asthma and food poisoning, and is often used as part of smoking cessation programs. It is a physical relaxant, and can serve as a nerve depressant, easing tension and panic. The species used most commonly in modern herbalism is Lobelia inflata (Indian Tobacco).Extracts of Lobelia inflata contain lobeline, which showed positive effects in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tumor cells. Furthermore, lobeline can be modified to lobelane which decreased methamphetamine self-administration in rats.[10] It therefore opens a perspective in methamphetamine dependency treatment. As used in North America, lobelia's medicinal properties include the following: emetic (induces vomiting), stimulant, antispasmodic, expectorant, diaphoretic, relaxant, nauseant, sedative, diuretic, and nervine. It has been used as "asthmador" in Appalachian folk medicine. Because of its similarity to nicotine, the internal use of lobelia may be dangerous to susceptible populations, including children, pregnant women, and individuals with cardiac disease. Excessive use will cause nausea and vomiting. It is not recommended for use by pregnant women and is best administered by a practitioner qualified in its use. Several studies show that lobelia is ineffective in helping people to quit smoking. Two species, Lobelia siphilitica and Lobelia cardinalis, were considered a cure for syphilis. Wikipedia article.
Vebascum pulvurulentum
Famiglia Scrophulariaceae
Nome italiano: Verbasco candelabro per la forma dei rami superiori.
Pianta rara, in Europa la si ritrova nella penisola iberica, al centro: Belgio Germania Svizzera e Austria.
Nella medicina popolare della Sardegna veniva utilizzato come antispasmodico intestinale e per lenire piaghe della pelle , con i fusti e i rami i contadini fabbricavano delle scope rustiche.
Tritato e polverizzato veniva utilizzato per la pesca delle trote e anguille.
Vebascum pulvurulentum
family Scrophulariaceae
Italian Name: Mullein candelabrum for the shape of the upper branches.
Rare plant in Europe is to be found in the Iberian Peninsula, in the middle: Belgium Germany Switzerland and Austria.
In folk medicine of Sardinia was used as an antispasmodic for intestinal and soothe skin sores, with the stems and branches of the farmers fabricated rustic brooms.
Crushed and pulverized was used for fishing for trout and eels.
Vebascum pulvurulentum
Familia Scrophulariaceae
Nombre italiano: gordolobo candelabro de la forma de las ramas superiores.
Plantas raras en Europa se encuentra en la Península Ibérica, en el medio: Bélgica Alemania Suiza y Austria.
En la medicina popular de Cerdeña fue utilizado como antiespasmódico para calmar intestinal y úlceras en la piel, con los troncos y ramas los agricultores fabricaban escobas rústicas.
Triturado y pulverizado se utilizaba para la pesca de truchas y anguilas.
Manor Nursery, Angmering, West Sussex.
The genus Thymus contains about 350 species of aromatic perennial herbaceous plants and subshrubs in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions in Europe, North Africa and Asia.
Several members of the genus are cultivated as culinary herbs or ornamentals, when they are also called thyme after its best-known species, Thymus vulgaris.
Thyme adds a distinctive aromatic flavoring to sauces, stews, stuffings, meats, poultry - almost anything from soup to salad. In medieval times, the plant symbolized courage, and to keep up their spirits, knights departing for the Crusades received scarves embroidered with a sprig of thyme from their ladies. There was a popular belief, too, that a leaf tea prevented nightmares, while another held that tea made of thyme and other herbs enabled one to see nymphs and fairies. Herbalists of the Middle Ages regarded thyme as a stimulant and antispasmodic, and recommended sleeping on thyme and inhaling it as a remedy for melancholy and epilepsy.
In 1725, a German apothecary discovered that the plant's essential oil contains a powerful disinfectant called thymol that is effective against bacteria and fungi. Thymol also acts as a expectorant, loosening phlegm in the respiratory tract. Later herbalists listed thyme for these uses and as remedy for numerous other complaints, including diarrhoea and fever. They prescribed the oil externally as an antiseptic for fungal infections such as athlete's foot.
Butterflies and bees absolutely love the flowers of thyme.
Properties of Lavender French Essential Oil include analgesic, anti-convulsive, anti-depressant, anti-phlogistic, antirheumatic, antseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, bactericide, carminative, cholagogue, cicatrisant, cordial, cytophylactic, decongestant, deodorant, and as a diuretic. Herbalist regards Lavender as the most useful and versatile essential oil for therapeutic purposes. Lavender is the essential oil most commonly associated with burns and healing of the skin. It also has antiseptic and analgesic properties which will ease the pain of a burn and prevent infection. It also has cytophylactic properties that promote rapid healing and help reduce scarring. The scent of Lavender is said to have a calming effect on the body and it can be used to reduce anxiety, stress and promote sleep. Lavender French is a popular choice amongst both aromatherapists and massage therapists for its combination of therapeutic quality and pleasant floral scent.
It is a shrub of spontaneous flora, but it is also cultivated for its pharmaceutical properties.
Licorice reaches up to 1.5 m, with the appearance of bush, with leaves arranged in pairs on one side and the other of a common shaft.The flowers of the plant are blue-violet. The root of the plant is used for therapeutic purposes.
Licorice grows in the leaves of the rivers, the weeds, the uncultivated places. It is harvested in crop three, autumn, after cessation of vegetation or early spring, only secondary roots and lateral rhizomes.
Licorice is a diuretic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and antiulcerous. It has estrogenic action, laxative. It has the effect of fluidizing tracheobronchic and pharyngeal secretions. The herb is especially recommended for hyperacid gastritis and gastric ulcer. It is also used in the following diseases: bronchitis, tracheitis, pharyngitis, cough, urinary disorders, rheumatism, constipation, stimulation of the genital organs and secondary sexual characteristics. Licorice is administered internally as a macerate (1/2 teaspoon per cup) that is drunk during the day. The herb is also used as a powder from which 1-3 g per day is taken, tincture and extract. For short-term treatment of constipation, an infusion of ½ teaspoon of Licorice root can be prepared per 1 cup of water. Drink a cup a day.Also, Licorice root can also be given as a single dose of 1-3 g per day (1 knife tip, 1-3 times a day). ... Read more...
Edible Parts: Leaves, Shoots, Oil
Edible Uses: Oil, Salad, Asparagus,Vegetable, Potherb,
Young leaves - raw or cooked. A bitter flavor. The young tender leaves are mild and make an excellent salad, but the whole plant becomes bitter as it gets older, especially when coming into flower. As a potherb it needs very little cooking. Large quantities can cause digestive upsets. Young shoots - cooked. Used as an asparagus substitute. An edible oil is obtained from the seed. The oil must be refined before it is edible. A pleasant flavor.
MEDICINAL USES: Anodyne; Antipyretic; Diuretic; Homeopathy; Hypnotic; Narcotic; Sedative, Antispasmodic, Digestive, Sedative,
The whole plant is rich in a milky sap that flows freely from any wounds. This hardens and dries when in contact with the air. The sap contains 'lactucarium', which is used in medicine for its anodyne, antispasmodic, digestive, diuretic, hypnotic, narcotic and sedative properties. Lactucarium has the effects of a feeble opium, but without its tendency to cause digestive upsets, nor is it addictive. It is taken internally in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety, neuroses, hyperactivity in children, dry coughs, whooping cough, rheumatic pain etc.. Concentrations of lactucarium are low in young plants and most concentrated when the plant comes into flower. It is collected commercially by cutting the heads of the plants and scraping the juice into china vessels several times a day until the plant is exhausted. This species does not contain as much lactucarium as L. virosa. An infusion of the fresh or dried flowering plant can also be used. The plant should be used with caution, and never without the supervision of a skilled practitioner. Even normal doses can cause drowsiness while excess causes restlessness and overdoses can cause death through cardiac paralysis. The fixed oil from the seeds is said to possess antipyretic and hypnotic properties. A homeopathic remedy is made from the plant. It is used in the treatment of chronic catarrh, coughs, swollen liver, flatulence and ailments of the urinary tract.
OTHER USES: Oil
The seed contains 35.2% of a semi-drying oil. It is used in soap making, paints, varnishes etc..
Edible Parts: Flowers, Leaves, Root, Stem, Seeds,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Salt, Vegetable, Salad, Potherb,
Root - cooked. Used like potatoes, though it is considered to be poisonous by some writers The peeled stem can be eaten raw but is best cooked. The unpeeled stem can be used when young, or just the inner tissue of older stems can be used, before the plants flower. For people not used to the flavor, they are best cooked in two changes of water when they make a tasty celery-like vegetable. Another report says that, despite the strong odor of the leaves and outer skin, the peeled young stems are mild and sweet, resembling celery in flavor. The stems cannot be eaten raw in large quantities because they give a burning sensation in the mouth. The stems are highly nutritious, containing up to 18% protein. Leaves and young shoots - raw or cooked. Cooked as greens or added to salads. Young flowers. No further details. The dried seeds are used as a flavoring for soups, stews and potato salads. The dried base of the plant and ashes from the burnt leaves are used as a salt substitute.
CAUTION: Many members of this genus, including this species, contain furanocoumarins. These have carcinogenic, mutagenic and phototoxic properties. The fresh foliage can cause dermatitis. If the juice and hairs of the outer skin are left on the face and mouth, they can cause blisters. This effect is especially prevalent for people with fair complexions.
MEDICINAL USES: Antidandruff, Antirheumatic, Antispasmodic, Carminative, Febrifuge, Odontalgic, Stimulant, TB, Tonic,
Cow parsnip was widely employed medicinally by a large number of native North American Indian tribes who used it to treat a wide variety of complaints, but especially as a poultice on bruises, sores etc.. It is little used in modern herbalism, though perhaps it merits further investigation. All parts of the plant are antirheumatic, antispasmodic, carminative, febrifuge, odontalgic and stimulant. The leaves are tonic. They have been used in the treatment of colds. A soothing drink made from the leaves is used to treat sore throats. A poultice of the heated leaves has been applied to minor cuts, sore muscles etc.. An infusion of the fresh young stems has been used in the treatment of diarrhea. It has also been used as a wash to remove warts. The plant has been used in the treatment of epilepsy. A tea made from the roots is used in the treatment of indigestion, colds, stomach cramps, rheumatism, sore throats, TB etc.. Externally, the root is used as a poultice on sores, bruises, swellings, boils, rheumatic joints, VD scabs etc, while a bit of root has been held on an aching tooth to reduce the pain. The root can be crushed, mixed with water and used as an antidandruff hair wash. The root contains psoralen, which is being investigated for its use in the treatment of psoriasis, leukaemia and AIDS. The seed has been used to treat severe headaches.
OTHER USES: Dye, Yellow, Whistles, Flutes, Straws, Packing, Repellent
Whistles, flutes, straws etc can be made from the hollow stems. The leaves are used as a covering for baskets of fruit etc.. A yellow dye is obtained from the roots. An infusion of the blossoms, rubbed on the body, repels flies and mosquitoes.
pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Heracleum+sphondylium+...
Looking like Queen Anne's Lace on steroids, cow parsnip stands tall through the summer months. The thick, ribbed, hollow central stalks are crowned with large white umbrella-shaped flower clusters. When peeled with caution to avoid severe skin blistering, these stalks are a tasty addition to the diet, so popular in Native American tradition that the entire plant is commonly called Indian Celery. Although the foliage and exterior skin of cow parsnip are pungent smelling, the inner stalk is mild, sometimes sweet, and tastes like celery. The stalks are popular fresh, but can also be cooked and used in similar applications as celery.
CAUTION: The juices of this plant can cause severe blistering if not handled carefully. Gather with caution, because the juices of cow parsnip's outer tissues contain phototoxic compounds. When these juices make contact with skin and the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light(such as sunlight), these compounds cause the skin to discolor or even blister. Always wear gloves when handling the plant. Break or cut the newly developed central stalks near their base and secure away from skin. Peel the outer layer of the stalk and dispose of it carefully, then wash the interior stalk thoroughly before using. Also, be certain that you are gathering the right plant. There are poisonous plants with similarly shaped and colored flowers, such as Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum). These plants do not have the large, hollow stalks of cow parsnip, but can be confused by inexperienced harvesters. The stalk of poison hemlock is not ribbed, it is smooth and can grow as high as 8 to 10 feet. If unsure, avoid cow parsnip altogether. *
*Pacific Northwest Foraging, by Douglas Deur, Timber Press.
Popular with Bullfinches and Mistle Thrush, I just love these berries .. they seem so opalescent!
Guelder rose is a powerful antispasmodic and is much used in the treatment of asthma, cramps and other conditions such as colic .
A red dye is obtained from the fruit & an ink can be made from the dried berries. The wood can be used to make skewers; Used as a cranberry substitute in making, jellies, preserves etc.
Technical: Aperture f/10.0, shutter speed 1/80, focus on bee and blue borage plant, natural light, 12:30 pm, lens 16mm.
Composition: Rhythm. Color harmony blue and magenta. Color harmony red and magenta. Rule of thirds.
Content: Bees around Blue Borage at Qorikancha gardens.
Borage is not only a honey plant, but also one of the most famous ancient spices and a valuable herb. It is traditionally cultivated as a vegetable type and spice, but it is also gwon for pharmaceutical purposes, because of the oil extracted from its seeds, which is often called “star flower oil” or “borage oil”. Special honey plants are characterized mainly by the beneficial effect they have for honey production.
Medicine:
Its leaves and flowers have anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and tranquilizing effect. It is also used as a diuretic and has a beneficial effect for stomach, kidney and rheumatic pains.
Cosmetics:
The plant is used as an ingredient of many skin rejuvenating lotions and creams.
Organic farming:
It is mainly used for soil fertilization.
Reference:
kiwimana.co.nz/borage-good-for-bees
Photography: © GALIANO PRODUCCIONES
Contact me:
wa.me/51979359258
m.me/GalianoProducciones
(+51)979359258
www.fb.com/GalianoProducciones
#Photography #CuscoRegion #Cusco #Coricancha #Perú #Qorikancha #Borage #Borraja #TemploDelSol #TempleOfSun #BlueBorage #BorrajaAzul #Avejas #Bees #Plants #Color #Rhythm #Emphasis #ColorHarmony #ColorContrast #FrancescoGaliano #GalianoProducciones
Minthe prefers to hang out in cool, moist spots with partial shade - like the Garden Restaurant in Kiev. He loves to eat apple mint couscous and drink kykeon (a minty fermented barley drink). If you suffer from a headache, you can rub Minthe on your temples - Minthe has an antispasmodic action characteristic which accounts for his ability to relieve pain.
Lobelia siphilitica and Lobelia inflata have basically the same uses. Lobelia was a highly prized medicinal plant and used extensively by Native Americans. It was considered a panacea, being used for just about everything that ailed them. Once it was discovered by Europeans and taken back to England they also used it for many illnesses. Lobelia is still used today as an alternative medicine in many parts of the world. Medical research has found the plants constituents to be Piperidine alkaloids including Lobeline, and other carboxylic acids as well as isolobelanine, gum, resin, chlorophyl, fixed oil, lignin, salts of lime and potassium, with ferric oxide. Lobeline stimulates the respiratory center of the brain, producing stronger and deeper breathing, making it very useful in treating many respiratory complaints, such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, whooping cough, spasmodic croup, and pneumonia. While at the same time isolobelanine, relaxes the respiratory and neuro-muscular system and acts as a nervine and antispasmodic. It is a most useful systemic relaxant and a holistic combination of stimulation and relaxation. The seeds contain a much higher percentage of lobeline than the rest of the plant. The whole plant is used as an analgesic, cathartic, emetic, expectorant, diaphoretic, anti-asthmatic, stimulant, antispasmodic, narcotic, and sedative. Used to treat convulsive and inflammatory disorders such as epilepsy, hysterical convulsions, traumatic injuries, tetanus, sores and abscesses, colds and fevers, diphtheria and tonsilitis. When chewed it tastes similar to tobacco and produces effects like those of nicotine. It is used in some antismoking products. Also used for scorpion and snake bites and to induce nausea and vomiting. A poultice of the root has been applied in treating pleurisy, rheumatism, tennis elbow, whiplash injuries, boils, ulcers and hard to heal sores.
Caution is advised as an overdose of lobelia may cause dizziness, nausea, hypotension, vomiting, stupor, tremors, paralysis, convulsions, coma, and death.
Recipe
Infusion: Pour 1 cup of boiling water into l/4 to l/2 teaspoonful of the dried herb and let steep for l0 to l5 min. Drink three times a day. Tincture: take l/2 ml of the tincture three times a day.
Edible Parts:
Edible Uses: Tea.
The herb and the fruit are sometimes used as a tea substitute. The flowers can be used in making mead.
CAUTION: Skin contact with the sap, or ingestion of the plant, can cause photosensitivity in some people. Common side-effects are gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic reactions & fatigue. If used with drugs classed as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine: Prozac, paroxetine: Paxil) symptoms of serotonin syndrome may occur: mental confusion, hallucinations, agitation, headache, coma, shivering, sweating, fever, hypertension, tachycardia, nausea, diarrhea, tremors. St John's wort can reduce the effectiveness of prescription medicine inc: contraceptive pill, antidepressants, immune suppressants, HIV medications, warfarin, digoxin.
MEDICINAL USES: Analgesic, Antidepressant, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Aromatic, Astringent, Cholagogue, Digestive, Diuretic, Expectorant, Homeopathy, Nervine, Resolvent, Sedative, Stimulant, Vermifuge, Vulnerary
St. John's wort has a long history of herbal use. It fell out of favor in the nineteenth century but recent research has brought it back to prominence as an extremely valuable remedy for nervous problems. In clinical trials about 67% of patients with mild to moderate depression improved when taking this plant. The flowers and leaves are analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, astringent, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, nervine, resolvent, sedative, stimulant, vermifuge and vulnerary. The herb is used in treating a wide range of disorders, including pulmonary complaints, bladder problems, diarrhea and nervous depression. It is also very effectual in treating overnight incontinence of urine in children. Externally, it is used in poultices to dispel herd tumors, caked breasts, bruising etc.. The flowering shoots are harvested in early summer and dried for later use. Use the plant with caution and do not prescribe it for patients with chronic depression. The plant was used to procure an abortion by some native North Americans, so it is best not used by pregnant women. See also the notes above on toxicity. A tea or tincture of the fresh flowers is a popular treatment for external ulcers, burns, wounds (especially those with severed nerve tissue), sores, bruises, cramps etc.. An infusion of the flowers in olive oil is applied externally to wounds, sores, ulcers, swellings, rheumatism etc.. It is also valued in the treatment of sunburn and as a cosmetic preparation to the skin. The plant contains many biologically active compounds including rutin, pectin, choline, sitosterol, hypericin and pseudohypericin. These last two compounds have been shown to have potent anti-retroviral activity without serious side effects and they are being researched in the treatment of AIDS. A homeopathic remedy is made from the fresh whole flowering plant. It is used in the treatment of injuries, bites, stings etc., and is said to be the first remedy to consider when nerve-rich areas such as the spine, eyes, fingers etc., are injured.
Other Uses:
Dye; Tannin.
Yellow, gold and brown dyes are obtained from the flowers and leaves. A red is obtained from the flowers after acidification. A red dye is obtained from the whole plant when infused in oil or alcohol. A yellow is obtained when it is infused in water. The plant is said to contain good quantities of tannin, though exact figures are not available.
Latin Name: Diosecorea villosa
Wild yam is one of the more widely used tonic herbs. Because the herb has a neutral energy and therefore is neither hot nor cold, it benefits everybody who takes it. It helps to build strong digestion and metabolism.
Wild yam also helps strengthen improve lung function, benefiting the whole body. It is commonly used in formulations designed to relieve coughing due to weakened lungs.
Functions:
1. Wild Yam Extract contains diosgenin, which has anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory, anti-stress, hypocholesterolemic, and estrogenic effects.
2. Wild Yam Extract is antispasmodic, and could be helpful for nausea of pregnant women (morning sickness), spasmodic hiccough and asthma. Most women experience lack of Wild Yam Extract, not estrogen.
3. Natural Wild Yam Extract supplements are used to balance estrogen. Natural progesterone has a structure similar to that of human progesterone and is made from plant fats; one of such fats is Wild Yam Extract.
4. Wild Yam Extract is rich in diosgenin, so it became the most popular source of natural progesterone.
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Unique Features of our Aniseed (Pimpinella Anisum) :- * Antiseptic * Antispasmodic * Carminative * Diuretic * Expectorant * Galactagogue * Stimulant * Stomachic.
www.esuppliersindia.com/r-k-s-aroma-shop/aniseed-pimpinel...
Edible Parts: Leaves, Root,
Edible Uses: Potherb, Vegetable, Emergency Food,
Young shoots - these must be thoroughly cooked otherwise they are poisonous. The native North American Indian tribes would cook them in several changes of water, the end result being a tasteless mush. The leaves can be dried then powdered and used as a thickening agent. Older leaves have been used to wrap up food that was being baked. The leaves would impart a pleasant flavoring to the food. Young flower stalks - cooked. Only used when there was a shortage of other foods, the stalks must be thoroughly cooked or else they are poisonous. It is said that no more than three stalks should be consumed at one meal. Root - cooked. It must be thoroughly cooked or dried before use, otherwise it is poisonous. Rich in starch, a flour can be made from the dried and ground root. The root has a hot flavor, somewhat like ginger. The root is best harvested in the autumn.
CAUTION: The plant is rich in calcium oxalate, this is toxic and if consumed makes the mouth and digestive tract feel as though hundreds of needles are being stuck into it. However, calcium oxylate is easily destroyed by thoroughly cooking or drying the plant.
MEDICINAL USES: Antispasmodic, Blood purifier, Poultice, Styptic
Antispasmodic, styptic. Yellow skunk cabbage was employed medicinally by several native North American Indian tribes who used it mainly as a poultice to treat a variety of complaints. It is little, if at all, used in modern herbalism. Caution is advised, especially if using the plant internally, see the notes above on toxicity. A poultice of roots has been applied to swellings, sores, boils, burns and rheumatic joints. A poultice of the heated blossoms has been applied to rheumatic joints. A poultice of the leaves has been applied to scrofulous sores, burns, cuts, swellings and chest pains. Heated leaves have been applied tot he body in order to draw out splinters and thorns. The leaves have also been used as a general tonic in a herbal sweat bath. The raw root has been chewed by women in order to secure an abortion. A decoction of the root has been drunk as a blood purifier.
OTHER USES: Containers, Lining, Waxed paper
The leaves are large and water repellent, they can be used as a 'waxed paper' and also for lining fruit baskets etc., and for wrapping food in for baking. They were also folded and used as containers for collecting berries, as drinking cups and as a covering or mat for food that was being dried. The plants have very large leaves and form a slowly spreading clump. They can be grown as a ground cover, spaced about 1 meter apart each way.
www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Lysichiton+americanus
Edible Parts: Leaves, Shoots, Oil
Edible Uses: Oil, Salad, Asparagus,Vegetable, Potherb,
Young leaves - raw or cooked. A bitter flavor. The young tender leaves are mild and make an excellent salad, but the whole plant becomes bitter as it gets older, especially when coming into flower. As a potherb it needs very little cooking. Large quantities can cause digestive upsets. Young shoots - cooked. Used as an asparagus substitute. An edible oil is obtained from the seed. The oil must be refined before it is edible. A pleasant flavor.
MEDICINAL USES: Anodyne; Antipyretic; Diuretic; Homeopathy; Hypnotic; Narcotic; Sedative, Antispasmodic, Digestive, Sedative,
The whole plant is rich in a milky sap that flows freely from any wounds. This hardens and dries when in contact with the air. The sap contains 'lactucarium', which is used in medicine for its anodyne, antispasmodic, digestive, diuretic, hypnotic, narcotic and sedative properties. Lactucarium has the effects of a feeble opium, but without its tendency to cause digestive upsets, nor is it addictive. It is taken internally in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety, neuroses, hyperactivity in children, dry coughs, whooping cough, rheumatic pain etc.. Concentrations of lactucarium are low in young plants and most concentrated when the plant comes into flower. It is collected commercially by cutting the heads of the plants and scraping the juice into china vessels several times a day until the plant is exhausted. This species does not contain as much lactucarium as L. virosa. An infusion of the fresh or dried flowering plant can also be used. The plant should be used with caution, and never without the supervision of a skilled practitioner. Even normal doses can cause drowsiness while excess causes restlessness and overdoses can cause death through cardiac paralysis. The fixed oil from the seeds is said to possess antipyretic and hypnotic properties. A homeopathic remedy is made from the plant. It is used in the treatment of chronic catarrh, coughs, swollen liver, flatulence and ailments of the urinary tract.
OTHER USES: Oil
The seed contains 35.2% of a semi-drying oil. It is used in soap making, paints, varnishes etc..
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Lesser Celandine - formerly Ranuculus ficaria - now Ficaria verna
All of a sudden the hills and meadows are suddenly now covered in these. The plant is poisonous if ingested raw and said to be potentially fatal to grazing animals and livestock such as horses, cattle, and sheep.
Lesser Celandine grows on land that is seasonally wet or flooded, especially in sandy soils, but is not found in permanently waterlogged sites. In both shaded woodlands and open areas, Ficaria verna begins growth in the winter when temperatures are low and days are short. The plants mostly propagate and spread vegetatively, although some subspecies are capable of producing up to 73 seeds per flower.
Emerging in late winter with flowers appearing March through May in the UK, its appearance across the landscape is regarded by many as a harbinger of spring.
The plant is known as pilewort by some herbalists because it has historically been used to treat piles (haemorrhoids). Lesser celandine is still recommended in several "current" herbal guides for treatment of haemorrhoids by applying an ointment of raw leaves as a cream.
Most guides indicate that medicines should be made from the dried herb or by heat extraction as the untreated plants and extracts will contain proto-anemonin, a mild toxin. The proto-anemonin found in fresh leaves is an irritant and mildly toxic but is suggested to have antibacterial properties if used externally. The process of heating or drying turns the Ranunculaceae toxin to anemonin which is non-toxic and may have antispasmodic and analgesic properties.
However, the local sheep, deer and ponies seem entirely unaffected by its common presence.
Oxeye Daisies: Flowers are showy, making the plant a popular ornamental species. Leaves are sometimes used in salads (Howarth and Williams 1968). Tea made from the whole plant has diuretic and antispasmodic properties and is used to treat asthma and whooping cough (Holm et al. 1997).
Edible Parts: Flowers; Leaves; Root; Stem.
Edible Uses: Tea.
Leaves and young shoot tips - raw or cooked. They can be used in salads or cooked as a vegetable. When boiled they make a wholesome vegetable and are a good source of vitamins A and C. Only use the leaves when they are young. Although they are said to be edible, another report says that an infusion of them can stupefy. Young shoots - cooked. They make a good asparagus substitute. Root - raw, cooked or dried and ground into a powder. Used in spring, it has a sweet taste. Flower stalks - raw or cooked. Added to salads, they are used when the flowers are in bud. The pith of young or older stems - raw or cooked. Slightly sweet, tender and pleasing to eat, though there is not much of it. Gelatinous, it can be used as a flavoring in soups. The stems are said to be a good laxative, but are best not eaten on an empty stomach. A tea is made from the dried leaves, it is sweet and pleasant. Called 'kaporie' tea in Russia, it contains 10% tannin. The leaves are also used as an adulterant of China tea.
MEDICINAL USES: Anti-inflammatory, Antispasmodic, Astringent, Demulcent, Emollient, Hypnotic, Laxative, Poultice, Tonic
Willow herb is often used as a domestic herbal remedy, though it is little used in conventional herbalism. The herb is antispasmodic, astringent, demulcent, emollient, hypnotic, laxative and tonic. It is used in the treatment of diarrhea, mucous colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. The plant is used in Germany and Austria to treat prostate problems. A poultice of the leaves is applied to mouth ulcers. An extract of the leaves has anti-inflammatory activity. An ointment made from the leaves has been used to soothe skin problems in children. A tea made from the leaves and roots is a folk remedy for dysentery and abdominal cramps. A poultice made from the peeled roots is applied to burns, skin sores, swellings, boils etc..
OTHER USES: Fiber, Stuffing, Tinder, Weather-protection
A fiber obtained from the outer stems is used to make cordage. The 'cottony' seed hairs are used as a stuffing material or as a tinder. The powdered inner cortex is applied to the hands and face to give protection from the cold.
www.pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Epilobium+angustif...
By Christa Sinadinos
Lavender can be used to calm the central nervous system. It is considered a nervine and a sedative, and under some circumstances, a stimulant. It can be beneficial to treat nervous tension, headaches, migraines, neuralgia, insomnia, and rheumatic joints. It also has antispasmodic and carminative properties. It can be used for nerve related stomach or digestive problems. It also helps to relieve gut cramps.
Emotionally, Lavender is beneficial for treating anxiety, stress, fear, irritability,
depression, melancholy, and it balances intense mood swings. It is useful for
hormone related nervous system imbalances such as p.m.s. and it an be used for menopausal women with mood swings or irritability.
Some individuals may experience more of a stimulating, restorative or regenerative effect on the nervous system. It is uplifting, refreshing, and balancing.
Lavender essential oil can be used to disinfect sick rooms. It has antiseptic and antimicrobial properties. It works wonderfully as a topical application for burns. It can be used to reduce irritation and itching associated with poison oak, eczema, dermatitis, and psoriasis. The essential oil applied neat is an effective first aid remedy for bee-stings, wasp stings, spider bites, mosquito bites, wounds, and for athlete’s foot. Lavender steams can be used to treat colds, flu, and bronchitis.
The Essential Oil:
Lavendula angustifolia is the species commonly used in the perfume industry. The French Lavender (Lavendula angustifolia) is characterized by a high ester content. It also contains: linalol, and linalyl acetate. It helps to normalize blood sugar output for hyperglycemics. Consuming one to two drops of Lavender Spirits prior to a meal can reduce the appetite.
It also has calming, spasmolytic, and restorative properties.
Lavendula latifolia, or Spike Lavender has a higher camphor and cineole content, which renders it more useful as a disinfectant. It contains: cineole, terpene alcohols, terpene ketone (camphor.) It can be used to treat colds and flus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, Candida, infected hair follicles, Bacterial Vaginosis, and HPV. It can be used topically on cuts, wounds, bites, acne, pimples and black heads. L. hybrida is a chemotype that also has similar disinfectant properties. This species is higher in: borneol, and terpines.
The ancient Aztecs reportedly used passionflower as a sedative and pain reliever. Today herbalists also recommend it as a sedative and antispasmodic agent.
Passionflower has been used for anxiety, epilepsy, and high blood pressure, as well as to treat other conditions.
©2007 Publications International, Ltd.
Passionflower has been used for
anxiety, epilepsy, and high blood
pressure, as well as to treat
other conditions.
Passionflower can be such a potent herbal remedy because it calms muscle tension and twitching without affecting respiratory rate or mental function the way many pharmaceutical sedatives do. Find out how harvesting and using the entire aboveground part of the plant -- leaf, stem, and flower -- can provide relief.
Uses for Passionflower
Passionflower has been used for anxiety, insomnia, restlessness, epilepsy, and other conditions of hyperactivity, as well as high blood pressure. Passionflower also is included in many pain formulas when discomfort is caused by muscle tension and emotional turmoil.
In Europe the flowers are added to numerous pharmaceuticals to treat nerve disorders, heart palpitations, anxiety, and high blood pressure. Unlike most sedative drugs, passionflower has been shown to be nonaddictive, although it is not a strong pain reliever.
Passionflower Precautions and Warnings
Passionflower is generally considered to be nontoxic when used in moderation. Many herbalists prescribe three or four cups a day without any problems reported. Do not take passionflower if you are already taking prescription medication for anxiety or depression, as excessive sleepiness has been reported.
Also be aware that passionflower's close relative, blue passionflower, should not be used, as it does not have the same activity.
Primula veris (Cowslip; syn. Primula officinalis Hill) is a flowering plant in the genus Primula. The species is found throughout most of temperate Europe and Asia, and although absent from more northerly areas including much of northwest Scotland, it reappears in northernmost Sutherland and Orkney.
Primula veris contains glycosides, primeverin and primulaverin and saponine primula acid A. and is used by herbalists as a diuretic, an expectorant, and an antispasmodic, as well as for the treatment of headaches, whooping cough, tremors, and other conditions. It can, however, have irritant effects in those who are allergic to it.
Fumariaceae: a scrambling annual of well-drained arable soils to 10cm high. The flowers are up to 7mm long, pink with crimson tips, spurred and 2-lipped, blooming from April-October. The grey-green leaves are much divided. Widespread and common, but pretty scare in Co. Durham. Native to most of Europe, including Britain, to the Mediterranean and east to Iran.
The fresh or dried herb can be added to sour plant milks. A few sprays are added to each litre of liquid and left until the liquid has soured thickly. The sprays are then removed. It gives a tangy taste to the milk, acts as a preservative and prevents the rancid taste that can accompany soured milk.
Fumitory has been highly valued since at least Roman times for its tonic and blood cleansing effect upon the body. It is particularly valuable in the treatment of all visceral obstructions, particularly those of the liver, in scorbutic affections and in troublesome eruptive diseases of the skin, especially eczema (for which it can be taken internally and externally). The herb has antispasmodic, aperient, cholagogue, slightly diaphoretic, mildly diuretic, laxative and weakly tonic, properties. The plant is harvested as flowering begins in the summer and can be used fresh or can be dried for later use. Some caution should be exercised in the use of this herb since excess doses cause hypnotic and sedative effects, especially if it is taken for more than about 8 days.
Luna was fine all day until 6 pm. She had a descompensation,fever,breathlessness,seemed the worst...We had to run to the vet guard at nigth, he said it can be an uterine infection, he gave her antibiotics, antispasmodics,antifebrile and glycemic control. We have to wait until tomorrow ,if she is fine we have to give more antibiotics, and to do blood test and ultrasound, to see if it is surgical problem.She was very bad today ,please pray for her !!
Description
Horse nettle, a prickly plant, has violet, star-shaped flowers in small clusters. The stamens form a yellow cone in the middle of the flower. Its leaves are coarsely toothed or lobed. Horse nettle stands one to four feet high and is seen in the summer and fall (Newcomb 1977).
History
Horse nettle has been used as an antispasmodic and sedative, most probably first by American Indians. African Americans in the South once usedthe root and berries for seizures and menstrual problems (Le Strange 1977). Horse nettle berries were also once used as a topical treatment for mange in dogs. American Indians used leaf tea sore throats or to treat worms; a topical preparation of leaves was used for poison-ivy rash (Foster 1990).
Current Medicinal Uses
Horse nettle is not commonly used medicinally today. See Adverse Effects.
Adverse Effects
Horse nettle contains solanine, a toxic alkaloid. All parts of horse nettle are poisonous, and ingestion of the fruit can cause death. Symptoms of poisoning include fever, headache, a scratchy feeling in the throat followed by nause, vomiting, and diarrhea. Ingestion of the unripe fruit causes abdominal pain and can cause circulatory and respiratory depression (Lewis 1998).
Yarrow is a very valuable medicinal herb, with much scientific evidence of use in alternative medicine as an antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive, emmenagogue, stimulant, and tonics, vasodilator and vulnerary. Yarrow is used against colds, cramps, fevers, kidney disorders, toothaches, skin irritations, and hemorrhages, and to regulate menses, stimulate the flow of bile, and purify the blood. Medicinal tea is a good remedy for severe colds and flu, for stomach ulcers, amenorrhea, abdominal cramps, abscesses, trauma and bleeding, and to reduce inflammation. The main constituents are volatile oils including linalool, camphor, sabinene, and chamazulene, sesquiterpene lctones, flavanoids, alkaloids including achilleine, polyacetylenes, triterpenes, salicylic acid, coumarins, and tannins which prove these uses in alternative medicine to be effective. Extracts of yarrow exhibit antibiotic activity and may also act as anti-neoplastic drugs. Externally for treating wounds and stopping the flow of blood. Yarrow oil has been traditionally used in hair shampoos. Some caution is advised , large or frequent doses taken over a long period may cause the skin to be more sensitive to sunlight.
Edible Parts: Flowers, Stems, Leaves, Seed,
Edible Uses: Tea, Mead,
The herb and the fruit are sometimes used as a tea substitute. The flowers can be used in making mead.
CAUTION: Skin contact with the sap, or ingestion of the plant, can cause photosensitivity in some people. Common side-effects are gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic reactions & fatigue. If used with drugs classed as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine: Prozac, paroxetine: Paxil) symptoms of serotonin syndrome may occur: mental confusion, hallucinations, agitation, headache, coma, shivering, sweating, fever, hypertension, tachycardia, nausea, diarrhea, tremors. St John's wort can reduce the effectiveness of prescription medicine including contraceptive pill, antidepressants, immune suppressants, HIV medications, warfarin, digoxin.
MEDICINAL USES: Analgesic, Antidepressant, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Aromatic, Astringent, Cholagogue, Digestive, Diuretic, Expectorant, Homeopathy, Nervine, Resolvent, Sedative, Stimulant, Vermifuge, Vulnerary,
St. John's wort has a long history of herbal use. It fell out of favor in the nineteenth century but recent research has brought it back to prominence as an extremely valuable remedy for nervous problems. In clinical trials about 67% of patients with mild to moderate depression improved when taking this plant. The flowers and leaves are analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, astringent, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, nervine, resolvent, sedative, stimulant, vermifuge and vulnerary. The herb is used in treating a wide range of disorders, including pulmonary complaints, bladder problems, diarrhea and nervous depression. It is also very effectual in treating overnight incontinence of urine in children. Externally, it is used in poultices to dispel herd tumors, caked breasts, bruising etc.. The flowering shoots are harvested in early summer and dried for later use. Use the plant with caution and do not prescribe it for patients with chronic depression. The plant was used to procure an abortion by some native North Americans, so it is best not used by pregnant women. See also the notes above on toxicity. A tea or tincture of the fresh flowers is a popular treatment for external ulcers, burns, wounds (especially those with severed nerve tissue), sores, bruises, cramps etc.. An infusion of the flowers in olive oil is applied externally to wounds, sores, ulcers, swellings, rheumatism etc.. It is also valued in the treatment of sunburn and as a cosmetic preparation to the skin. The plant contains many biologically active compounds including rutin, pectin, choline, sitosterol, hypericin and pseudohypericin. These last two compounds have been shown to have potent anti-retroviral activity without serious side effects and they are being researched in the treatment of AIDS. A homeopathic remedy is made from the fresh whole flowering plant. It is used in the treatment of injuries, bites, stings etc., and is said to be the first remedy to consider when nerve-rich areas such as the spine, eyes, fingers etc., are injured.
Other Uses: Dye, Red, Yellow, Gold, Brown, Tannin
Red, Yellow, gold and brown dyes are obtained from the flowers and leaves. A red is obtained from the flowers after acidification. A red dye is obtained from the whole plant when infused in oil or alcohol. A yellow is obtained when it is infused in water. The plant is said to contain good quantities of tannin, though exact figures are not available.
Yummy Rooibos!
Rooibos contains at least thirty-seven natural antioxidants, minerals and vitamin C. It's antiviral properties make it a useful remedy for colds and flues. It is also an antispasmodic (good for colic babies), anti anxiety and anti allergy agent useful for treating allergies, stress and insomnia. Rooibos is rich in antioxidants, low in tannins, and caffeine-free.
Salbei [Salvia officinalis]
Common sage is grown in parts of Europe for distillation of an essential oil, though other species, such as Salvia fruticosa may also be harvested and distilled with it.
As a kitchen herb, sage has a slight peppery flavor. In British cooking, it is used for flavoring fatty meats, Sage Derby cheese, poultry or pork stuffing, Lincolnshire sausage, and in sauces. Sage is also used in Italian cooking, in the Balkans, and the Middle East. It is one of the major herbs used in the traditional turkey stuffing for the Thanksgiving Day dinner in the United States. Despite the common use of traditional and available herbs in French cuisine, sage never found favour there.
Salvia and "sage" are derived from the Latin salvere (to save), referring to the healing properties long attributed to the various Salvia species.[5] It has been recommended at one time or another for virtually every ailment by various herbals. Modern evidence shows possible uses as an antisweating agent, antibiotic, antifungal, astringent, antispasmodic, estrogenic, hypoglycemic, and tonic.[7] In a double blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial, sage was found to be effective in the management of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.
The strongest active constituents of sage are within its essential oil, which contains cineole, borneol, and thujone. Sage leaf contains tannic acid, oleic acid, ursonic acid, ursolic acid, cornsole, cornsolic acid, fumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, niacin, nicotinamide, flavones, flavonoid glycosides, and estrogenic substances.
Investigations have taken place into using sage as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease patients.[9][10][11][12] Sage leaf extract may be effective and safe in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.[13]
Common names
Salvia officinalis has numerous common names. Some of the best known include sage, common sage, garden sage, kitchen sage, true sage, culinary sage, Dalmatian sage, and broadleaf sage. Cultivated forms include purple sage and red sage.
Cultivars
There are a number of cultivars, with the majority grown as ornamentals rather than for their herbal properties. All are valuable as small ornamental flowering shrubs, and for their use as a low ground cover, especially in sunny dry environments. They are easily propagated from summer cuttings, and some cultivars are produced from seeds. Named cultivars include:
'Purpurascens' ('Purpurea'), a purple-leafed cultivar
'Tricolor', a cultivar with white, yellow and green variegated leaves
'Berggarten', a cultivar with large leaves
'Icterina', a cultivar with yellow-green variegated leaves
'Alba', a white-flowered cultivar
'Extrakta', has leaves with higher oil concentrations
'Lavandulaefolia', a small leaved cultivar
[edit] See also
Aroma compound
Essential oil
Sage oil
Salvia
Thujone
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvia_officinalis
American Botanical Council cms.herbalgram.org/herbalgram/issue89/herbpro.html
Edible Parts: Flowers, Leaves, Root, Stem, Seeds,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Salt, Vegetable, Salad, Potherb,
Root - cooked. Used like potatoes, though it is considered to be poisonous by some writers The peeled stem can be eaten raw but is best cooked. The unpeeled stem can be used when young, or just the inner tissue of older stems can be used, before the plants flower. For people not used to the flavor, they are best cooked in two changes of water when they make a tasty celery-like vegetable. Another report says that, despite the strong odor of the leaves and outer skin, the peeled young stems are mild and sweet, resembling celery in flavor. The stems cannot be eaten raw in large quantities because they give a burning sensation in the mouth. The stems are highly nutritious, containing up to 18% protein. Leaves and young shoots - raw or cooked. Cooked as greens or added to salads. Young flowers. No further details. The dried seeds are used as a flavoring for soups, stews and potato salads. The dried base of the plant and ashes from the burnt leaves are used as a salt substitute.
CAUTION: Many members of this genus, including this species, contain furanocoumarins. These have carcinogenic, mutagenic and phototoxic properties. The fresh foliage can cause dermatitis. If the juice and hairs of the outer skin are left on the face and mouth, they can cause blisters. This effect is especially prevalent for people with fair complexions.
MEDICINAL USES: Antidandruff, Antirheumatic, Antispasmodic, Carminative, Febrifuge, Odontalgic, Stimulant, TB, Tonic,
Cow parsnip was widely employed medicinally by a large number of native North American Indian tribes who used it to treat a wide variety of complaints, but especially as a poultice on bruises, sores etc.. It is little used in modern herbalism, though perhaps it merits further investigation. All parts of the plant are antirheumatic, antispasmodic, carminative, febrifuge, odontalgic and stimulant. The leaves are tonic. They have been used in the treatment of colds. A soothing drink made from the leaves is used to treat sore throats. A poultice of the heated leaves has been applied to minor cuts, sore muscles etc.. An infusion of the fresh young stems has been used in the treatment of diarrhea. It has also been used as a wash to remove warts. The plant has been used in the treatment of epilepsy. A tea made from the roots is used in the treatment of indigestion, colds, stomach cramps, rheumatism, sore throats, TB etc.. Externally, the root is used as a poultice on sores, bruises, swellings, boils, rheumatic joints, VD scabs etc, while a bit of root has been held on an aching tooth to reduce the pain. The root can be crushed, mixed with water and used as an antidandruff hair wash. The root contains psoralen, which is being investigated for its use in the treatment of psoriasis, leukaemia and AIDS. The seed has been used to treat severe headaches.
OTHER USES: Dye, Yellow, Whistles, Flutes, Straws, Packing, Repellent
Whistles, flutes, straws etc can be made from the hollow stems. The leaves are used as a covering for baskets of fruit etc.. A yellow dye is obtained from the roots. An infusion of the blossoms, rubbed on the body, repels flies and mosquitoes.
pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Heracleum+sphondylium+...
Looking like Queen Anne's Lace on steroids, cow parsnip stands tall through the summer months. The thick, ribbed, hollow central stalks are crowned with large white umbrella-shaped flower clusters. When peeled with caution to avoid severe skin blistering, these stalks are a tasty addition to the diet, so popular in Native American tradition that the entire plant is commonly called Indian Celery. Although the foliage and exterior skin of cow parsnip are pungent smelling, the inner stalk is mild, sometimes sweet, and tastes like celery. The stalks are popular fresh, but can also be cooked and used in similar applications as celery.
CAUTION: The juices of this plant can cause severe blistering if not handled carefully. Gather with caution, because the juices of cow parsnip's outer tissues contain phototoxic compounds. When these juices make contact with skin and the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light(such as sunlight), these compounds cause the skin to discolor or even blister. Always wear gloves when handling the plant. Break or cut the newly developed central stalks near their base and secure away from skin. Peel the outer layer of the stalk and dispose of it carefully, then wash the interior stalk thoroughly before using. Also, be certain that you are gathering the right plant. There are poisonous plants with similarly shaped and colored flowers, such as Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum). These plants do not have the large, hollow stalks of cow parsnip, but can be confused by inexperienced harvesters. The stalk of poison hemlock is not ribbed, it is smooth and can grow as high as 8 to 10 feet. If unsure, avoid cow parsnip altogether. *
*Pacific Northwest Foraging, by Douglas Deur, Timber Press.
Edible Parts: Leaves, Root, Seed, Stem,
Edible Uses: Condiment, Salad, Potherb, Garnish, Flavoring,
Leaves - raw or cooked. A delicious aniseed flavor, the young leaves are best since older ones soon become tough. They are often used as a garnish on raw or cooked dishes and make a very pleasant addition to salads. They help to improve digestion and so are particularly useful with oily foods. The leaves are difficult to store dried, though this does not really matter since they can often be harvested all year round, especially if the plants are in a warm, sheltered position. Leaf stalks and flower heads - raw or cooked. A similar aniseed flavor to the leaves. The aromatic seeds are used as a flavoring in cakes, bread, stuffings etc. They have a similar flavor to the leaves and also improve the digestion. The sprouted seeds can be added to salads. An essential oil from the fully ripened and dried seed is used as a food flavoring in similar ways to the whole seed. Root - cooked. Somewhat parsnip-like. The leaves or the seeds can be used to make a pleasant-tasting herbal tea.
CAUTION: Skin contact with the sap or essential oil is said to cause photo-sensitivity and/or dermatitis in some people. Ingestion of the oil can cause vomiting, seizures and pulmonary oedema. Avoid for small children. Avoid if cirrhosis/liver disorders. Diabetics check sugar content of preparation .
MEDICINAL USES: Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antispasmodic, Aromatherapy, Aromatic, Carminative, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Expectorant, Galactogogue Hallucinogenic, Stimulant, Stomachic,
Fennel has a long history of herbal use and is a commonly used household remedy, being useful in the treatment of a variety of complaints, especially those of the digestive system. The seeds, leaves and roots can be used, but the seeds are most active medicinally and are the part normally used. An essential oil is often extracted from the fully ripened and dried seed for medicinal use, though it should not be given to pregnant women. The plant is analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, aromatic, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, galactogogue, hallucinogenic, laxative, stimulant and stomachic. An infusion is used in the treatment of indigestion, abdominal distension, stomach pains etc.. It helps in the treatment of kidney stones and, when combined with a urinary disinfectant like Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, makes an effective treatment for cystitis. It can also be used as a gargle for sore throats and as an eyewash for sore eyes and conjunctivitis. Fennel is often added to purgatives in order to allay their tendency to cause gripe, and also to improve the flavor. An infusion of the seeds is a safe and effective cure for wind in babies. An infusion of the root is used to treat urinary disorders. An essential oil obtained from the seed is used in aromatherapy. Its keyword is 'Normalizing'. The essential oil is bactericidal, carminative and stimulant. Some caution is advised, see notes above on toxicity. The German Commission E Monographs, a therapeutic guide to herbal medicine, approve Foeniculum vulgare for cough, bronchitis, dyspeptic complaints.
OTHER USES: Dye, Yellow, Brown, Essential, Repellent, Strewing
The seed yields up to 5% of an essential oil. This is used medicinally, as a food flavoring, in toothpastes, soaps, perfumery, air fresheners etc.. The flavor of fennel oil depends upon its two main constituents. 'Fenchone' is a bitter tasting element whilst 'anethole' has a sweet anise-like flavor. The proportions of these two ingredients varies according to strain and region. Plants growing in the Mediterranean and southern Europe usually have a sweet oil whilst plants growing in central and northern Europe usually produce a more bitter oil. The quality of the oil also depends upon how well the seed has been dried - the oil from fully ripened and dried seeds being much sweeter and more fragrant. The dried plant is an insect repellent, the crushed leaves are effective for keeping dogs free of fleas. The plant was formerly used as a strewing herb. Yellow and brown dyes are obtained from the flowers and leaves combined.
Asteraceae: a downy or hairless perennial to 60cm, found on dry, grassy meadows, disturbed ground and quite often covering motorway verges. The simple but pretty flowers are 30mm-50mm across, white rayed petals with a bright yellow disc in the middle, flowering from May-September. Leaves are dark green and toothed. Widespread and common. Native to most of Europe, including Britain, from Lapland south and east to the Mediterranean and Siberia.
The leaves can be eaten raw or cooked. The young spring shoots are finely chopped and added to salads. They are rather pungent, they should be used sparingly or mixed with other salad plants.
The whole plant, and especially the flowers have antispasmodic, antitussive, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, tonic and vulnerary properties. It is harvested in May and June then dried for later use. The plant has been employed successfully in the treatment of whooping cough, asthma and nervous excitability. Externally it is used as a lotion on bruises, wounds, ulcers and some cutaneous diseases. A decoction of the dried flowers and stems has been used as a wash for chapped hands. A distilled water made from the flowers is an effective eye lotion in the treatment of conjunctivitis.