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"Então, de repente, sem pretender, respirou fundo e pensou que era bom viver. Mesmo que as partidas doessem, e que a cada dia fosse necessário adotar uma nova maneira de agir e de pensar, descobrindo-a inútil no dia seguinte - mesmo assim era bom viver. Não era fácil, nem agradável. Mas ainda assim era bom. Tinha quase certeza."
Caio Fernando Abreu
De repente deu vontade de um abraço.
Uma vontade de entrelaço, de proximidade..
de amizade. sei lá..
Que fale sobre os amores,
que seja teimoso e ao mesmo tempo forte.
Saudade de um abraço.
Um abraço que eternize o tempo
e preencha todo espaço,
mas que faça lembrar do carinho,
que surge devagarzinho
Lembrar do calor das mãos
acariciando as costas a dizer..
"estou aqui."
Lembrar do trançar dos braços
envolventes e seguros afirmando
"estou com você"..
Com a suavidade do momento
..sei lá..
abraço...abraço...abraço...
abraço...abraço..abraço...
abraço...abraço...abraço...
O que importa é a magia deste abraço!
A fusão de energia que harmoniza,
integra tudo, e que se traduz
no cosmo, no tempo e no espaço...
Só sei que agora deu vontade desse abraço!!
Que afaste toda e qualquer angústia.
Que desperte a lágrima da alegria,
e acalme o coração...
Que traduza a amizade,
o amor e a emoção.
E para um abraço assim
só pude pensar em você....
nessa sua energia,
nessa sua sensibilidade
que sabe entender o por quê
dessa vontade desse abraço...
E ele sabe...ele sabe.
De repente una mañana cuando desperte, me dije todo es una mentira; fue mi culpa enamorarme de tu inmadurez, creYendo que por mi tu cambiarias. No me queda Ya mas tiempo para mendigar migajas de tu estupido cariño, Yo me planto i digo basta, basta, para mi porque estoi desenamorada de ti ♥.
De repente entendí que aquella hoja seca se había clavado en mi alma con brusquedad, con rudeza. No había nada que hacer al respecto... el crujir de la hoja despedazaría la totalidad de lo que alguna vez fui y ese hecho es inevitable.
Los días pasaban como si nada ocurriese, cuando casi por casualidad, se miraron a los ojos (cosa que habían tratado de evitar durante este tiempo). Ahí empezó a cambiar todo.
Ella quería ir más allá y que se pudieran conocer mejor. Él no hacía más que ponerle excusas: “no quiero formalismos” – decía. “No me van esas cosas”.
Un tiempo después él se fue a trabajar fuera. Aunque al principio seguían hablando, finalmente perdieron el contacto.
Ella siguió acordándose mucho de él, pensando qué estaría haciendo, o dónde estaría.
Un día, mientras ella estaba paseando, se encontró con su amigo, acompañado de otra chica.
-“Te presento a mi novia” – le soltó directamente, sin siquiera preguntar por ella.
Ella notó algo raro: no era él mismo, estaba menos alegre, algo le ocurría.
Al despedirse le preguntó si le pasaba algo, a lo que él respondió negativamente.
“Si necesitas algo llámame” – le dijo ella.
Pasaron los meses y ella estaba dando un paseo por el lugar de costumbre, cuando de repente lo vió en la lejanía. Estaba solo.
Allí estuvieron hablando toda la tarde. Durante un tiempo no llegaron a nada más, pues comprendieron que lo mejor es que siguieran siendo amigos. Aunque en el fondo, ellos sabían que todo podría cambiar en cualquier instante.
De repente, un día se miraron a los ojos y comprendieron que ya nada iba a ser igual: todo iba a cambiar…
de repente, se encontró con el lobo y le dijo: “Caperucita, Caperucita, ¿dónde vas?”. “A casa de mi abuelita a llevarle pan, chocolate, azúcar y dulces”. “¡Vamos a hacer una carrera! Te dejaré a ti el camino más corto y yo el más largo para darte ventaja.”...........................
"De repente un ruido extraño se colaba entre nuestra conversación, un tic tac cada vez más rápido incomodaba nuestra voz. Entonces me miraste y me dijiste que era la hora de despedirnos, te mire atónita, no entendía el por qué de esa despedida, me saltaban las lagrimas y me sentía afligida de escuchar ese ruido sin parar. Me abrazaste fuerte y me dijiste en el oído que no me atemorizara, que en esos momentos volvería al mundo real y dejaría a un lado ese sueño súbito. No pude responderte, cuando me giré para hacerlo ya estaba en mi habitación, tan sola y vacía como siempre."
*Vuelvo con unos amaneceres que espero que os dejen sin habla :)
+1 in comments
danieljimenezfoto.wix.com/portfolio
El árbol abrió los ojos de repente. Había tenido una pesadilla. La noche pasada estaba cerrando los ojos al dormir mientras recordaba las risas de aquella gente que vio delante del parque en el que estaba plantado: muchísimas personas paseando, con el sol techando el cielo y los peques jugando, con la arena rebosando de niños entre chillidos y risas. Alguna pequeña llantera hubo por el tropezón de turno. Algún niño envalentonado se tiró sin pensarlo mucho por el tobogán dejándose las rodillas en la arena. ¡Y ni que decir con el hermano celoso que empuja a su hermana iniciando un combate a manotazos!
Todo esto le había dejado Semana Santa. Pero esa noche tuvo un sueño muy raro. Los niños ya no estaban tan sonrientes y ni que decir de sus mayores. Soñó con todos ellos, metidos en una cabina que se movía mientras de fondo había un traqueteo. Cada poco tiempo unos señores decían no se qué de "próxima estación". La cara que arrastraban todas las personas que días antes había visto tan distraídas y accesibles, ahora lucían un aspecto tosco y cansado, con los ojos entornados de sueño. En su viaje, él era como uno más de aquellas personas (o eso le pareció sentir). Cuando la máquina estridente se paró en una de las veces, salió con toda la multitud. Arrastrado por la corriente sin poder dar marcha atrás y guiado dónde ésta se dirigía. Subiendo escaleras y escaleras interminables hacia arriba y entonces...Entonces volvió a la realidad: un pajarito empezó a cantar recién posado en la cuerda que atravesaba al pequeño árbol alejándole de aquel mundo estrambótico. No se acordaba de lo mucho que lo había echado de menos.
Por eso es que lo puedes ver tan feliz está mañana. Que sí, fíjate en lo mucho que el tronquito sonríe hoy.
I do not know if he died or was adopted? But for most of dead.
The beginning, I really think that place is safe. Later, he was the first disappeared. I was still hesitant, really naive to think that the cat is because a Quarter change of hiding.
Later of some time, continue to have two cats disappeared. At that time, I only wake up to that place is very dangerous.
Every time when I see the pictures of them, I very very repent.
"De repente
Ao lembrar dos brinquedos queridos
Que ficaram esquecidos
Dentro do armário
Me bate uma saudade
Me bate uma vontade
De voltar no tempo
De voltar ao passado
Mas nada acontece
Nada parece acontecer
E eu choro
Choro como o bebê que fui
E a criança que quero voltar a ser
Não quero crescer!"
Clarice Pacheco
"BELIEVE JESUS"
"REPENT"
"RETURN TO THE CHILD YOU ONCE WERE"
I was deeply moved by the act of this man!
Life is worth living only if there are goals inspiring one to live, and this man has found it definitely!
"Prepare the way of the Lord, make his paths straight."
- Luke 3:3-6
Awareness of thoughts and actions,
with Love in the heart
helps to make the path straight
when the mind wanders from the present, from Divine,
gently return
return to the present moment,
return to God
never give up, just begin anew
the exercise of repeatedly returning (repenting)
strengthens the muscles of concentration...
concentration and love are interdependent
they are linked
one grows the other
concentration and mindfulness gives birth to insight
the Holy Spirit
Soundtrack // Bande-son: BAUHAUS ("Hollow Hills"): www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qm2jyJcH7DU
"Witches too and goblin's too (too)... And speckled sills... LAMENT REPENT oh mortal you (oh mortal you)... So sad (hollow hills)... So sad..."
The Torture Garden: www.flickr.com/photos/regisa/48692865452/in/photolist-2hb...
De repente me vi allí, ante aquella obra que había visto millones de veces en los libros, tan admirada y a la vez tan aborrecida debido al insensato uso comercial que se había hecho de ella, que la emoción tan intensa que sentí, que comenzó a derramarse a borbotones, me cogió totalmente por sorpresa. El mundo desapareció de mi lado a pesar de encontrarme en medio de una sala completamente atestada de gente. No había nada más, sino aquel cuadro, aquel famoso cuadro que representaba, supuestamente, el más sublime de los sentimientos. Yo solo en aquella sala, yo y el dorado cuadro... y la voz tan cercana de un artista, que trascendiendo el tiempo y el espacio, me susurraba a través de su obra, lo importante que era, para el hombre, el Arte.
El viajero del Faro.
(olha eu mostrando a cara aí gewntch)
Escuta aqui... gente.
QUE MERDA É ESSA? QUAL É A DESSE AUÊ?
Vem cá. De repente, toda a bola que eu canto desde que entrei aqui no flickr dos esmaltes e futilidades virou modinha.
De repente, todo mundo é contra o vício. De repente, todo mundo começou a enxergar essa bobeira de ser a famigerada patty fútil dos esmaltes, a infeliz que comenta “ai que lindo” e só posta foto pra ter comentários, ou pra mostrar quantos esmaltes lindos tem, ou aquelas cores difíceis holográficas craqueladas flocadas etc etc etc... até aí tudo bem.
Só que, DE REPENTE, todo mundo está achando RUIM quem tem muitos esmaltes. De repente, todo mundo acha DOENÇA. De repente, todo mundo colocou todo mundo no mesmo saco da generalização e somos todas meninas muito perdidinhas, exageradas e que perderam as estribeiras com vidros coloridos.
PERALÁ.
Sabe quantos esmaltes eu tenho? Mais de 700.
Comecei a comprar por volta de janeiro de 2009, ou seja, faz DOIS ANOS que estou nessa onda. Eu sei do que estou falando.
Se você não consegue viver com uma unha lascada, VOCÊ tem problema. Se você precisa ter todas as cores de uma coleção, VOCÊ tem problema. Se você transforma sua vida num culto eterno e doentio pelos esmaltes, VOCÊ TEM MESMO UM PROBLEMA.
Não generalize.
Porque eu tenho 700 cores diferentes que pretendo usar até o fim. Uma boa base e um top coat vão me bastar. Não compro desenfreada. Só que o que vou fazer, se são 700 cores que eu queria muito? Acho que nunca comprei uma coleção completa, dificilmente compro um esmalte que não seja novidade (só fiz isso no início, quando eu realmente não tinha nem um Renda em casa) e espero juntar todas as coleções nas lojas pra sair e comprar de monte numa vez só (umas 10 cores novas e tal).
Eu posso sim entrar numa farmácia e sair sem um vidrinho (sempre foi assim), eu posso entrar numa loja de cosméticos e idem, aliás, eu SEMPRE PUDE. Se você não pode, seu problema não é com esmaltes, e sim com consumismo.
Ou será que é normal ter 200 pares de sapato? É normal ter 50 batons? E umas 100 sombras diferentes? Pior, 500 rímels porque AI ESSE SIM É O QUE VAI FUNCIONAR?
Você tem pés suficientes pra tudo isso? Tem lábios, pálpebras e principalmente CÍLIOS também?
Vício é algo ruim em qualquer lugar. Mas não generalize.
Tem gente que tem muito de uma coisa porque GOSTA. De verdade e sinceramente. Sem exageros descontrolados para si. Tem gente que compra cada um dos 700 esmaltes porque realmente O QUER. E aí, é doença? É ruim?
NÃO.
Coisa ruim é entrar em modinhas porque elas existem. É ver que, por algum motivo, todas estão dando mais atenção para as unhas e então você quer ser a que mais chama a atenção nesse nicho. Quer ter todos os esmaltes coloridos dignos e fodões, quer ter as unhas mais lindas e impecáveis... até alguém mudar a modinha. Em um momento é ter muitos esmaltes. Em outro momento, é ter holográficos. Em outro momento é ter flocados. Em um outro momento, é repetir seus esmaltes queridos. Em outro momento é doar esmaltes...
E o momento agora é falar mal de quem tem muitos.
Amigue.
Vai viver.
Sério, SE ANALISA e vê O PORQUÊ de tudo isso.
Se você tiver uma coleção grande, mas no estilo que eu disse – em que há um apreço por todas as cores, por mais que sejam 1000 ou 2000... TAMO JUNTO.
Se você nem sabe bem o que tá fazendo da vida, se JOGA NO POÇO.
PORQUE
THIS
IS
ESMALTEEEEEEEE!!!
E só os fortes e bravos sobreviverão além dos tempos!
Ahey!
o/
PS: e eu vou continuar a postar fotos dos esmaltes mais tchans que eu compro e recebo. Sabe por quê? Porque em momento algum minha intenção é de sair me mostrando, e sim compartilhar minha felicidade. Se você enxerga errado, POBREMA TEU. Não vou começar a me censurar agora porque tem gente que acha “meio chato”, viuxe.
PS2: se vc curtiu a foto, aqui tem outras versões da mesma haha:
Bidding the Goddess farewell before immersion to the holy Ganges, and expecting her return next year bringing same amount of joy, peace and togetherness.
The story behind a festival
Maa Kali is the fearful and ferocious form of the mother goddess Durga. In the text she is depicted as having born from the brow of Goddess Durga during one of her battles with the evil forces. As the legend goes, in the battle, Kali was so much involved in the killing spree that she got carried away and began destroying everything in sight. To stop her, Lord Shiva, her consort, threw himself under her feet. Shocked at this sight, Kali stuck out her tongue in astonishment, and put an end to her homicidal rampage. Hence the common image of Kali shows her in her typical mood, standing with one foot on Shiva's chest, with her enormous tongue stuck out.
Kali Puja is done to diminish the ego and all negative tendencies that hinder spiritual progress and material prosperity. Performed on the night of Kartik Amavasya (In Biengali), which falls in October/November, Kali Puja is an intense invocation to the fearsome goddess. The main purpose of the puja is to seek the help of the goddess in destroying evil - both in the outside world and within us.
Introduction of the Festival
It was introduced in Bengal, India, during the 18th century, by King (Raja) Krishnachandra of Navadvipa. Kali Puja gained popularity in the 19th century, with Krishanachandra’s grandson Ishvarchandra and the Bengali elite; wealthy landowners began patronizing the festival on a grand scale. Along with Durga Puja, now - Kali Puja is the biggest goddess festival in Bengal.
Coincidence with Diwali- The largest festival of India.
Diwali is one of the largest and brightest festivals in India. The festival spiritually signifies the victory of light over darkness, knowledge over ignorance, good over evil, and hope over despair.. Its celebration includes millions of lights shining on housetops, outside doors and windows, around temples and other buildings in the communities and countries where it is observed. The festival preparations and rituals typically extend over a five day period, but the main festival night of Diwali coincides with the darkest, new moon night of the Hindu Lunisolar month Kartika( mid-October and mid-November), the very day Kalipuja Kalipuja is celebrated in the state of Bengal in India.
The Legend
The legend goes that long ago the demons, Shambhu and Nishambhu, disturbed the peace of Indra, the king of gods, and his empire (heaven). After extensive and endless battles, the gods lost all hope and the demons became stronger.
The gods took refuge in the Himalayas, the holy mountains, the home of Lord Shiva and Parvati. The shaken gods sought protection from Durga, the goddess of Shakti. Kali was born from Durga's forehead, created to save heaven and earth from the growing cruelty of the demons. Along with Dakini and Jogini, her two escorts, she set on her way to end the war and kill the devils.
There was chaos all around. After slaughtering the demons, Kali made a garland of their heads and wore it around her neck. In the bloodbath, she lost control and started killing anyone who came her way. The gods started running for their lives. The only source of protection seemed Lord Shiva, Durga's consort.
Seeing the endless slaughter, Shiva devised a plan to save the world. He lay down in the path of the rampaging Kali. When the goddess unknowingly stepped on him, she regained her senses. The well-known picture of Ma Kali, with her tongue hanging out, actually depicts the moment when she steps on the Lord and repents.
That momentous day is celebrated ever since. Kali, also called Shyama Kali, is the first of the 10 avatars (incarnations) of Durga. Kali Puja is performed essentially to seek protection against drought and war, for general happiness, health, wealth, peace, and conscience. It is a tantrik puja and performed only at midnight on Amavasya (new moon night) in November. (www.diwalifestival.org/kali-puja.html and Wikipedia).
remember => re-member => we are members of One Body => brothers and sisters of the same Father and Mother
remember => your True Essence => turn your life back to God => repent => re-Unite => be whole
“Every forest branch moves differently in the breeze but as they sway they connect at the roots.”—Jelaluddin Rumi from “Birdsong” and “The Essential Rumi”
De repente acordei com saudade, daqui.
E percebi que todo dia é uma nova possibilidade de se fazer e trazer a mudança em nós, de se encontrar, ressignificando a nossa vida.
O novo nos espera todo dia e, todo-santo-dia, apesar dos empecilhos, impasses, tristezas, temos também uma bagagem boa de alegrias, de atitudes, positividade, afetividade, sentimentos e do "depende de nós". É a vida! Há de se ter foco, novos olhares e novas energias sobre ela. Valorize o que você tem e seja gentil! ♡
Por aqui muito trabalho e pouco tempo para tirar fotos! Mas vai ter um trabalho fofo que vou dividindo com vocês ao longo dos dias. Abre alas, que lá vem uma princesa bem fofa!
A todos que acompanham o Blog e que encontram aqui um ponto de aventuras artesanais, amizades, trocas, dicas, deixo o meu forte abraço.
Uma semana cheia de alegrias! E vamos craftar!
“Quando você aprende a valorizar os momentos, sejam eles pequenos ou gigantescos,
entende a brevidade da vida e o seu valor.
Cada segundo conta.”
(Gustavo Lacombe)
Érica Catarina | Blog | Contato | + Informações |
IG: | ericacatarina1 |
Diez años después de la conquista de México, el día 9 de diciembre de 1531, Juan Diego iba rumbo al Convento de Tlaltelolco para oír misa. Al amanecer llegó al pie del Tepeyac. De repente oyó música que parecía el gorjeo de miles de pájaros. Muy sorprendido se paró, alzó su vista a la cima del cerro y vio que estaba iluminado con una luz extraña. Cesó la música y en seguida oyó una dulce voz procedente de lo alto de la colina, llamándole: "Juanito; querido Juan Dieguito". Juan subió presurosamente y al llegar a la cumbre vio a la Santísima Virgen María en medio de un arco iris, ataviada con esplendor celestial. Su hermosura y mirada bondadosa llenaron su corazón de gozo infinito mientras escuchó las palabras tiernas que ella le dirigió a él. Ella habló en azteca. Le dijo que ella era la Inmaculada Virgen María, Madre del Verdadero Dios. Le reveló cómo era su deseo más vehemente tener un templo allá en el llano donde, como madre piadosa, mostraría todo su amor y misericordia a él y a los suyos y a cuantos solicitaren su amparo. "Y para realizar lo que mi clemencia pretende, irás a la casa del Obispo de México y le dirás que yo te envío a manifestarle lo que mucho deseo; que aquí en el llano me edifique un templo. Le contarás cuanto has visto y admirado, y lo que has oído. Ten por seguro que le agradeceré bien y lo pagaré, porque te haré feliz y merecerás que yo te recompense el trabajo y fatiga con que vas a procurar lo que te encomiendo. Ya has oído mi mandato, hijo mío, el más pequeño: anda y pon todo tu esfuerzo".
Juan se inclinó ante ella y le dijo: "Señora mía: ya voy a cumplir tu mandato; me despido de ti, yo, tu humilde siervo".
Cuando Juan llegó a la casa del Obispo Zumárraga y fue llevado a su presencia, le dijo todo lo que la Madre de Dios le había dicho. Pero el Obispo parecía dudar de sus palabras, pidiéndole volver otro día para escucharle más despacio.
Ese mismo día regresó a la cumbre de la colina y encontró a la Santísima Virgen que le estaba esperando. Con lágrimas de tristeza le contó cómo había fracasado su empresa. Ella le pidió volver a ver al Sr. Obispo el día siguiente. Juan Diego cumplió con el mandato de la Santísima Virgen. Esta vez tuvo mejor éxito; el Sr. Obispo pidió una señal.
Juan regresó a la colina, dio el recado a María Santísima y ella prometió darle una señal al siguiente día en la mañana. Pero Juan Diego no podía cumplir este encargo porque un tío suyo, llamado Juan Bernardino había enfermado gravemente.
Dos días más tarde, el día doce de diciembre, Juan Bernardino estaba moribundo y Juan Diego se apresuró a traerle un sacerdote de Tlaltelolco. Llegó a la ladera del cerro y optó ir por el lado oriente para evitar que la Virgen Santísima le viera pasar. Primero quería atender a su tío. Con grande sorpresa la vio bajar y salir a su encuentro. Juan le dio su disculpa por no haber venido el día anterior. Después de oír las palabras de Juan Diego, ella le respondió: "Oye y ten entendido, hijo mío el más pequeño, que es nada lo que te asusta y aflige. No se turbe tu corazón, no temas esa ni ninguna otra enfermedad o angustia. ¿Acaso no estoy aquí yo, que soy tu madre? ¿No estás bajo mi sombra? ¿No soy tu salud? ¿Qué más te falta? No te aflija la enfermedad de tu tío, que no morirá ahora de ella; está seguro de que ya sanó".
Cuando Juan Diego oyó estas palabras se sintió contento. Le rogó que le despachara a ver al Señor Obispo para llevarle alguna señal y prueba a fin de que le creyera. Ella le dijo:
"Sube, hijo mío el más pequeño, a la cumbre donde me viste y te di órdenes, hallarás que hay diferentes flores; córtalas, recógelas y en seguida baja y tráelas a mi presencia".
Juan Diego subió y cuando llegó a la cumbre, se asombró mucho de que hubieran brotado tan hermosas flores. En sus corolas fragantes, el rocío de la noche semejaba perlas preciosas. Presto empezó a córtalas, las echó en su regazo y las llevó ante la Virgen. Ella tomó las flores en sus manos, las arregló en la tilma y dijo: "Hijo mío el más pequeño, aquí tienes la señal que debes llevar al Señor Obispo. Le dirás en mi nombre que vea en ella mi voluntad y que él tiene que cumplirla. Tú eres mi embajador muy digno de confianza. Rigurosamente te ordeno que sólo delante del Obispo despliegues tu tilma y descubras lo que llevas".
Cuando Juan Diego estuvo ante el Obispo Fray Juan de Zumárraga, y le contó los detalles de la cuarta aparición de la Santísima Virgen, abrió su tilma para mostrarle las flores, las cuales cayeron al suelo. En este instante, ante la inmensa sorpresa del Señor Obispo y sus compañeros, apareció la imagen de la Santísima Virgen María maravillosamente pintada con los más hermosos colores sobre la burda tela de su manto.
LA CURACIÓN DE JUAN BERNARDINO
El mismo día, doce de diciembre, muy temprano, la Santísima Virgen se presentó en la choza de Juan Bernardino para curarle de su mortal enfermedad. Su corazón se llenó de gozo cuando ella le dio el feliz mensaje de que su retrato milagrosamente aparecido en la tilma de Juan Diego, iba a ser el instrumento que aplastara la religión idólatra de sus hermanos por medio de la enseñanza que el divino códice-pintura encerraba.
Te-coa-tla-xope en la lengua Azteca quiere decir "aplastará la serpiente de piedra". Los españoles oyeron la palabra de los labios de Juan Bernardino. Sonó como "de Guadalupe. Sorprendidos se preguntaron el por qué de este nombre español, pero los hijos predilectos de América, conocían bien el sentido de la frase en su lengua nativa. Así fue como la imagen y el santuario adquirieron el nombre de Guadalupe, título que ha llevado por cuatro siglos.
Se lee en la Sagrada Escritura que en tiempo de Moisés y muchos años después un gran cometa recorría el espacio. Tenía la apariencia de una serpiente de fuego. Los indios de México le dieron el nombre de Quetzalcoatl, serpiente con plumas. Le tenían mucho temor e hicieron ídolos de piedra, en forma de serpiente emplumada, a los cuales adoraban, ofreciéndoles sacrificios humanos. Después de ver la sagrada imagen y leer lo que les dijo, los indios abandonaron sus falsos dioses y abrazaron la Fe Católica. Ocho millones de indígenas se convirtieron en sólo siete años después de la aparición de la imagen.
LA TILMA DE JUAN DIEGO
La tilma en la cual la imagen de la Santísima Virgen apareció, está hecha de fibra de maguey. La duración ordinaria de esta tela es de veinte años a lo máximo. Tiene 195 centímetros de largo por 105 de ancho con una sutura en medio que va de arriba a abajo.
Impresa directamente sobre esta tela, se encuentra la hermosa figura de Nuestra Señora. El cuerpo de ella mide 140 centímetros de alto.
Esta imagen de la Santísima Virgen es el único retrato auténtico que tenemos de ella. Su conservación en estado fresco y hermoso por más de cuatro siglos, debe considerarse milagrosa. Se venera en la Basílica de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe en la Ciudad de México, donde ocupa el sitio de honor en el altar mayor.
La Sagrada Imagen duró en su primera ermita desde el 26 de diciembre, 1535 hasta el ano de 1622.
La segunda iglesia ocupó el mismo lugar donde se encuentra hoy la Basílica. Esta duró hasta 1695. Unos pocos años antes fue construida la llamada Iglesia de los Indios junto a la primera ermita, la cual sirvió entonces de sacristía para el nuevo templo. En 1695, cuando fue demolido el segundo templo, la milagrosa imagen fue llevada a la Iglesia de los Indios donde se quedó hasta 1709 fecha en que se dedicó el nuevo hermoso templo que todavía despierta la admiración de Mexicanos y extranjeros.
LA CORONACIÓN
El doce de octubre de 1895 la bendita imagen de la Santísima Virgen fue coronada por decreto del Santo Padre, León XIII, y el doce de octubre de 1945, cincuentenario de la coronación, su Santidad Pío XII en su célebre radio mensaje a los Mexicanos le aplicó el titulo de Emperatriz de las Américas.
Muy recientemente, el doce de octubre de 1961, su Santidad Juan XXIII, dirigió un radio mensaje a los Congresistas del II Congreso Interamericano Mariano quienes se encontraron presentes dentro de la Nacional e Insigne Basílica de Guadalupe. En este día, a las doce en punto, se escuchó la sonora voz del Santo Padre quien pronunció las siguientes palabras:
Amadísimos Congresistas y fieles todos de América:
María, Madre de Dios y Madre nuestra, esa tierna palabra que estos días vuestros labios repiten sin fin con el título bendito de Madre de Guadalupe, abre este nuestro saludo que dirigimos a cuantos tomáis parte en el Segundo Congreso Mariano Interamericano y a todos los países de América.
Feliz oportunidad ésta del 50 aniversario del Patronato de María Santísima de Guadalupe sobre toda la América Latina, que tanto bien ha producido entre los pueblos del Continente, para alentaros en vuestras manifestaciones de mutuo amor y de devoción a la que es Madre de vida y Fuente de gracia.
Día histórico aquél doce de octubre en que el grito "tierra" anunciaba la unión de dos mundos, hasta entonces desconocidos entre sí, y señalaba el nacimiento a la fe de esos dos continentes; a la fe en Cristo -"luz verdadera que ilumina a todo hombre"- (Jo. 1, 9.) de la cual María es como la "aurora consurgens" que precede la claridad del día. Más adelante "la siempre Virgen Santa María, Madre del verdadero Dios por quien se vive", derrama su ternura y delicadeza maternal en la colina, del Tepeyac, confiando al indio Juan Diego con su mensaje unas rosas que de su tilma caen mientras en ésta queda aquél retrato suyo dulcísimo que manos humanos no pintaran.
Así quería Nuestra Señora continuar mostrando su oficio de Madre: Santa María de Guadalupe, siempre símbolo y artífice de esta fusión que formaría la nacionalidad mexicana y, en expansión cargada de sentidos, rebasaría las fronteras para ofrecer al mundo ese coro magnífico de pueblos que rezan en español.
Primero Madre y Patrona de México, luego de América y de Filipinas: el sentido histórico de su mensaje iba cobrando así plenitud, mientras abría sus brazos a todos los horizontes en un anhelo universal de amor.
Abre el alma a la esperanza cuando en ese mismo Continente se viene estudiando y poniendo en práctica para elevar el nivel de vidas de los pueblos humanos. Vemos con aplauso las iniciativas encaminadas a procurar personal preparado para el apostolado a los países escasos de clero o de religiosos en el deseo de sostener su fe y de continuar la misión salvadora de la Iglesia.
¡Cuánto podrá ayudar a mantener vivos estos ideales cristianos de fraternidad vuestro Congreso! Qué altura y qué nobleza adquieren las relaciones entre los individuos y los pueblos cuando se las contempla a la luz de nuestra fraternidad en Cristo: "onmes vos fratres estis" (Mat. 23,8) según proclama el lema de vuestro Congreso. .
Y cuanto en esta convivencia alienta el amor y la consideración de una Madre común, entonces los vínculos de la familia humana adquieren la eficacia de algo más vital, más sentido que sublima el poder y la fuerza de cualquier ley.
Tenéis ahí a María, la Madre común, puesto que es Madre de Cristo, la que con su solicitud y compasión maternal ha contribuido a que se nos devuelva la vida divina y sobrenatural, la que en la persona del discípulo amado nos fue donada como Madre espiritual por Cristo mismo en la cruz.
Salve Madre de América! Celestial Misionera del nuevo Mundo, que desde el Santuario del Tepeyac has sido, durante más de cuatro Siglos Madre y Maestra en la fe de los pueblos de América. Sé también su amparo y sálvalos oh Inmaculada María; asiste a sus gobernantes, infunde nuevo celo a sus Prelados, aumenta las virtudes en el clero; y conserva siempre la fe en el pueblo.
Oiga María estos votos para que los presente a Cristo en cuyo nombre y con el más vivo afecto de nuestro corazón de Padre os bendecimos.
SAN JUAN DIEGO
San Juan Diego nació en 1474 en el "calpulli" de Tlayacac en Cuauhtitlán, México, establecido en 1168 por la tribu nahua y conquistado por el jefe Azteca Axayacatl en 1467. Cuando nació recibió el nombre de Cuauhtlatoatzin, que quiere decir "el que habla como águila" o "águila que habla".Juan Diego perteneció a la más numerosa y baja clase del Imperio Azteca, sin llegar a ser esclavo. Se dedicó a trabajar la tierra y fabricar matas las que luego vendía. Poseía un terreno en el que construyó una pequeña vivienda. Contrajo matrimonio con una nativa pero no tuvo hijos.
Entre 1524 y 1525 se convierte al cristianismo y fue bautizado junto a su esposa, él recibió el nombre de Juan Diego y ella el de María Lucía. Fueron bautizados por el misionero franciscano Fray Toribio de Benavente, llamado por los indios "Motolinia" o " el pobre".
Antes de su conversión Juan Diego ya era un hombre piadoso y religioso. Era muy reservado y de carácter místico, le gustaba el silencio y solía caminar desde su poblado hasta Tenochtitlán, a 20 kilómetros de distancia, para recibir instrucción religiosa. Su esposa María Lucía falleció en 1529. En ese momento Juan Diego se fue a vivir con su tío Juan Bernardino en Tolpetlac, a sólo 14 kilómetros de la iglesia de Tlatilolco, Tenochtitlán. Durante una de sus caminatas camino a Tenochtitlán, que solían durar tres horas a través de montañas y poblados, ocurre la primera aparición de Nuestra Señora, en el lugar ahora conocido como "Capilla del Cerrito", donde la Virgen María le habló en su idioma, el náhuatl.
Juan Diego tenía 57 años en el momento de las apariciones, ciertamente una edad avanzada en un lugar y época donde la expectativa de vida masculina apenas sobrepasaba los 40 años.Luego del milagro de Guadalupe Juan Diego fue a vivir a un pequeño cuarto pegado a la capilla que alojaba la santa imagen, tras dejar todas sus pertenencias a su tío Juan Bernardino. Pasó el resto de su vida dedicado a la difusión del relato de las apariciones entre la gente de su pueblo.
Murió el 30 de mayo de 1548, a la edad de 74 años. Juan Diego fue beatificado en abril de 1990 por el Papa Juan Pablo II y proclamado santo el 31 de Julio de 2002 . (Biografía extraída de la agencia católica de noticias ACIPRENSA).
Sábado Santo
Recorriendo la Procesión de la Vera Cruz
Cofradía Marraja
Judá está desterrada, en la miseria y en la más dura esclavitud. Ella habita entre las naciones, sin encontrar un descanso. Todos sus perseguidores la alcanzaron en angostos desfiladeros.
Biblia. Antiguo Testamento.(Lamentaciones 1,3)
___________
De repente apareció el hombre en la escena. Estaba esperando a que un amigo terminara de hacer unas fotos pues nos trasladábamos de calle para ver otro recorrido de la procesión. Le avisé "mira con disimulo, no te pierdas el panorama" y creo que se hinchó :).
Realicé dos tomas rápidas con un apuro tremendo pues sus gestos delataban que no estaba la mar de agusto precisamente.
Y es que hay cosas que te chocan, que se encajan en un rincón del alma atusadas de vestas y músicas bíblicas cuando entretanto, a lo lejos, en cualquier rincón, se agazapa el anónimo en el fulgor de la quietud, de la soledad que no es Virgen, con su café y su pitillo, lejos del mundo, regresando a su mental destierro en la mísera compañía de la húmeda noche que va cerrando corcheas y semicorcheas que ni le van ni le vienen. A su bola. En su mundo. La otra cara.
__________
No usar esta imagen sin mi autorización. © Todos los derechos reservados.
Please don't use this image without my explicit permission. © All rights reserved.
De repente comenzó a dudar, a preguntarse a si mismo porque había venido. Nunca somos tan conscientes de nuestra propia existencia, ni tan fuertes, pero también tan vulnerables en el paréntesis a que nos lleva una incierta espera, entonces, como en un limbo, repasamos nuestras vidas. Sin embargo, la emoción que él ansiaba y que también imaginaba en ella cuando viese de nuevo su cara acercándosele y por fin le abrazase le hizo temblar. No podía importarle el llevar una hora esperando y con el teléfono sin batería. Valía la pena vivir aquella espera para vivir el futuro que se imaginaba inminente.
Le tombe segrete delle prostitute diventate monache.
E’ una cripta che custodisce i segreti di uno dei luoghi più curiosi e affascinanti della città antica: il convento cinquecentesco di Santa Maria la Grazia, meglio noto come convento delle Repentite, le prostitute convertite alla vita monastica e mantenute dalle cortigiane in servizio attraverso un’imposta pagata al Senato palermitano, una sorta di “porno-tax” ante litteram. Il tributo non era obbligatorio, ma doveva essere versato se le prostitute volevano vestirsi come le “donne oneste”, senza gli abiti che erano segno della loro condizione di peccatrici. Dimenticata da secoli, la cripta è tornata alla luce casualmente nel 2005, durante lavori di ristrutturazione dell’ex complesso religioso di via Divisi, oggi destinato a dipartimenti universitari. Eliminando le piastrelle del pavimento e il sottostrato per ristrutturare i servizi igienici vicini a un’aula, si è reso evidente il volume di una volta, e quindi si è fatto largo il sospetto che esistesse ancora la vecchia cappella sotterranea. L’intuizione si è rivelata fondata. Una volta rimossi quintali di terriccio e di materiali di risulta forse esito di precedenti lavori compiuti intorno al 1960, la cripta, grande circa sedici metri quadrati, è venuta alla luce. E ha rivelato il suo tesoro: un magnifico altare seicentesco, la tomba della Madre Badessa e le panche dove venivano appoggiati i corpi delle defunte secondo un'antica tradizione religiosa che – come nel convento dei Cappuccini - prevedeva il prosciugamento dei
cadaveri prima della sepoltura. La cripta è stata adesso restaurata da Simona Panvini, sulla base di un progetto firmato da Enrico De Mattei e condotto sotto l’alta sorveglianza della Soprintendenza ai Beni culturali e ambientali della Regione siciliana. La tomba della Madre Badessa è identificata da una lapide di marmo in cui è incisa la scritta: “In questo sepolcro giace il corpo della Reverenda Madre Santa Ignazia di Gesù Squatrito quale nacque al 1706, si chiamò nel secolo Donna Maria Squatrito, morì di anni 76 l’8 aprile del 1782”. Come per la protagonista del romanzo “Dell’amore e di altri demoni” di García Márquez, del suo corpo è stata ritrovata soltanto una lunga ciocca di capelli, insieme con due ampolle di vetro che custodiscono messaggi ancora sconosciuti, probabilmente di affidamento e raccomandazione al Signore. Le ampolle sono oggi all’Istituto di Patologia del libro di Roma, perché l’estrazione delle pergamene è una procedura molto delicata: gli specialisti temono che possano danneggiarsi a contatto con l’ossigeno dopo tre secoli, e sperano di poterle recuperare e leggere integralmente. La lapide, trovata tra i resti della sepoltura, è stata adesso ricollocata sul pavimento della cripta. L’altare seicentesco è affiancato da mattonelle originali che riproducono San Francesco e presumibilmente Santa Chiara, o forse la fondatrice del convento. Le due figure sono inginocchiate ai piedi della Croce, alla base della quale sta un teschio simbolo dell’omnia vanitas, cioè della caducità del corpo di fronte alla morte. La figura femminile tiene in mano una pisside con dentro l’ostia, e sull’ostia è disegnata una piccola scena di Calvario, probabilmente simbolo di pentimento. Tutt’intorno, le panche dove venivano appoggiati i corpi delle defunte, sovrastate da mattonelle di maiolica che sono state ritrovate, pulite e ricollocate al loro posto. Dalla cripta si apre una seconda botola dove si trova la fossa comune delle altre monache, che è stata parzialmente esplorata. Numerosi crocifissi di metallo sono stati scoperti in mezzo al terriccio scavato. E’ emersa pure la scala originaria di ingresso alla cripta, che è stata consolidata e viene adesso nuovamente utilizzata per accedere all’ambiente sotterraneo. La storia delle Repentite (cioè Ree pentite) è estremamente affascinante, oltre che curiosa: queste ex cortigiane che si erano ritirate a vita monastica venivano infatti mantenute dal Senato palermitano con i ricavati di un’imposta che le prostitute in servizio dovevano pagare se volevano vestirsi – al pari delle donne oneste – con abiti di seta e di oro. Il convento, in realtà, fondato nel 1524 da suor Francesca Leonfante, fu abitato in origine da monache olivetane. Ma, morta la fondatrice e passate in altri conventi le religiose, l’arcivescovo stabilì – come racconta Gaspare Palermo – che “in quel luogo venissero raccolte le donne che dal pentimento de’ loro trascorsi potessero chiamarsi Ripentite”. La chiesa, con il prospetto su via Divisi, fu costruita nel 1512 dal chierico Vincenzo Sottile e abbellita tra il 1697 e il 1698. Del complesso sono ancora visibili la facciata con il portale e le finestre goticheggianti, alcune colonne originarie e, sul soffitto di un’aula, le ricche decorazioni pittoriche di quella che era la navata della chiesa.
Via Divisi 81, Palermo
Galaxy Magazine / Taschenbuch-Reihe
> C. C. MacApp / The Mercurymen
> Norman Kagan / Laugh Along with Franz
> Willy Ley / For Your Information: The Healthfull Aromatick Herbe
> Robert Silverberg / The Warriors of Light
> Harlan Ellison / "Repent, Harlequin!" Said the Ticktockman
> Frederik Pohl / The Age of the Pussyfoot (Part 2 of 3)
cover: John Pederson, Jr.
[Cover illustrates "The Mercurymen"]
Galaxy Publishing Corp. / USA 1965
ex libris MTP
Kashgar is an oasis city with an approximate population of 350,000. It is the westernmost city in China, located near the border with Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Kashgar has a rich history of over 2,000 years and served as a trading post and strategically important city on the Silk Road between China, the Middle East, and Europe. Kashgar is part of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor.
Located historically at the convergence point of widely varying cultures and empires, Kashgar has been under the rule of the Chinese, Turkic, Mongol, and Tibetan empires. The city has also been the site of an extraordinary number of battles between various groups of people on the steppes.
Now administered as a county-level unit of the People's Republic of China, Kashgar is the administrative centre of its eponymous prefecture in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region which has an area of 162,000 square kilometres and a population of approximately 3.5 million. The city's urban area covers 15 km2, though its administrative area extends over 555 km2.
NAME
The modern Chinese name is 喀什 (Kāshí), a shortened form of the longer and less-frequently used (simplified Chinese: 喀什噶尔; traditional Chinese: 喀什噶爾; pinyin: Kāshígé’ěr; Uyghur: قەشقەر). Ptolemy (AD 90-168), in his Geography, Chapter 15.3A, refers to Kashgar as “Kasi”. Its western and probably indigenous name is the Kāš ("rock"), to which the East Iranian -γar ("mountain"); cf. Pashto and Middle Persian gar/ġar, from Old Persian/Pahlavi girīwa ("hill; ridge (of a mountain)") was attached. Alternative historical Romanizations for "Kashgar" include Cascar and Cashgar.
Non-native names for the city, such as the old Chinese name Shule 疏勒 and Tibetan Śu-lig may have originated as an attempts to transcribe the Sanskrit name for Kashgar, Śrīkrīrāti ("fortunate hospitality")
Variant transcriptions of the official Uyghur: يېڭىشەھەر include: K̂äxk̂är or Kaxgar, as well as Jangi-schahr, Kashgar Yangi Shahr, K’o-shih-ka-erh, K’o-shih-ka-erh-hsin-ch’eng, Ko-shih-ka-erh-hui-ch’eng, K’o-shih-ko-erh-hsin-ch’eng, New Kashgar, Sheleh, Shuleh, Shulen, Shu-lo, Su-lo, Su-lo-chen, Su-lo-hsien, Yangi-shaar, Yangi-shahr, Yangishar, Yéngisheher, Yengixəh̨ər and Еңишәһәр.
HISTORY
HAN DYNASTY
The earliest mention of Kashgar occurs when a Chinese Han dynasty envoy traveled the Northern Silk Road to explore lands to the west.
Another early mention of Kashgar is during the Former Han (also known as the Western Han dynasty), when in 76 BC the Chinese conquered the Xiongnu, Yutian (Khotan), Sulei (Kashgar), and a group of states in the Tarim basin almost up to the foot of the Tian Shan range.
Ptolemy speaks of Scythia beyond the Imaus, which is in a “Kasia Regio”, probably exhibiting the name from which Kashgar and Kashgaria (often applied to the district) are formed. The country’s people practised Zoroastrianism and Buddhism before the coming of Islam.
In the Book of Han, which covers the period between 125 BC and 23 AD, it is recorded that there were 1,510 households, 18,647 people and 2,000 persons able to bear arms. By the time covered by the Book of the Later Han (roughly 25 to 170 AD), it had grown to 21,000 households and had 3,000 men able to bear arms.
The Book of the Later Han provides a wealth of detail on developments in the region:
"In the period of Emperor Wu [140-87 BC], the Western Regions1 were under the control of the Interior [China]. They numbered thirty-six kingdoms. The Imperial Government established a Colonel [in charge of] Envoys there to direct and protect these countries. Emperor Xuan [73-49 BC] changed this title [in 59 BC] to Protector-General.
Emperor Yuan [40-33 BC] installed two Wuji Colonels to take charge of the agricultural garrisons on the frontiers of the king of Nearer Jushi [Turpan].
During the time of Emperor Ai [6 BC-AD 1] and Emperor Ping [AD 1-5], the principalities of the Western Regions split up and formed fifty-five kingdoms. Wang Mang, after he usurped the Throne [in AD 9], demoted and changed their kings and marquises. Following this, the Western Regions became resentful, and rebelled. They, therefore, broke off all relations with the Interior [China] and, all together, submitted to the Xiongnu again.
The Xiongnu collected oppressively heavy taxes and the kingdoms were not able to support their demands. In the middle of the Jianwu period [AD 25-56], they each [Shanshan and Yarkand in 38, and 18 kingdoms in 45], sent envoys to ask if they could submit to the Interior [China], and to express their desire for a Protector-General. Emperor Guangwu, decided that because the Empire was not yet settled [after a long period of civil war], he had no time for outside affairs, and [therefore] finally refused his consent [in AD 45].
In the meantime, the Xiongnu became weaker. The king of Suoju [Yarkand], named Xian, wiped out several kingdoms. After Xian’s death [c. AD 62], they began to attack and fight each other. Xiao Yuan [Tura], Jingjue [Cadota], Ronglu [Niya], and Qiemo [Cherchen] were annexed by Shanshan [the Lop Nur region]. Qule [south of Keriya] and Pishan [modern Pishan or Guma] were conquered and fully occupied by Yutian [Khotan]. Yuli [Fukang], Danhuan, Guhu [Dawan Cheng], and Wutanzili were destroyed by Jushi [Turpan and Jimasa]. Later these kingdoms were re-established.
During the Yongping period [AD 58-75], the Northern Xiongnu forced several countries to help them plunder the commanderies and districts of Hexi. The gates of the towns stayed shut in broad daylight."
And, more particularly in reference to Kashgar itself, is the following record:
"In the sixteenth Yongping year of Emperor Ming 73, Jian, the king of Qiuci (Kucha), attacked and killed Cheng, the king of Shule (Kashgar). Then he appointed the Qiuci (Kucha) Marquis of the Left, Douti, King of Shule (Kashgar). ‹See TfD›
In winter 73, the Han sent the Major Ban Chao who captured and bound Douti. He appointed Zhong, the son of the elder brother of Cheng, to be king of Shule (Kashgar). Zhong later rebelled. (Ban) Chao attacked and beheaded him."
THE KUSHANS
The Book of the Later Han also gives the only extant historical record of Yuezhi or Kushan involvement in the Kashgar oasis:
"During the Yuanchu period (114-120) in the reign of Emperor, the king of Shule (Kashgar), exiled his maternal uncle Chenpan to the Yuezhi (Kushans) for some offence. The king of the Yuezhi became very fond of him. Later, Anguo died without leaving a son. His mother directed the government of the kingdom. She agreed with the people of the country to put Yifu (lit. “posthumous child”), who was the son of a full younger brother of Chenpan on the throne as king of Shule (Kashgar). Chenpan heard of this and appealed to the Yuezhi (Kushan) king, saying:
"Anguo had no son. His relative (Yifu) is weak. If one wants to put on the throne a member of (Anguo’s) mother’s family, I am Yifu’s paternal uncle, it is I who should be king."
The Yuezhi (Kushans) then sent soldiers to escort him back to Shule (Kashgar). The people had previously respected and been fond of Chenpan. Besides, they dreaded the Yuezhi (Kushans). They immediately took the seal and ribbon from Yifu and went to Chenpan, and made him king. Yifu was given the title of Marquis of the town of Pangao [90 li, or 37 km, from Shule].
‹See TfD›
Then Suoju (Yarkand) continued to resist Yutian (Khotan), and put themselves under Shule (Kashgar). Thus Shule (Kashgar), became powerful and a rival to Qiuci (Kucha) and Yutian (Khotan)."
However, it was not very long before the Chinese began to reassert their authority in the region:
“In the second Yongjian year (127), during Emperor Shun’s reign, Chenpan sent an envoy to respectfully present offerings. The Emperor bestowed on Chenpan the title of Great Commandant-in-Chief for the Han. Chenxun, who was the son of his elder brother, was appointed Temporary Major of the Kingdom. ‹See TfD›
In the fifth year (130), Chenpan sent his son to serve the Emperor and, along with envoys from Dayuan (Ferghana) and Suoju (Yarkand), brought tribute and offerings.”
From an earlier part of the same text comes the following addition:
“In the first Yangjia year (132), Xu You sent the king of Shule (Kashgar), Chenpan, who with 20,000 men, attacked and defeated Yutian (Khotan). He beheaded several hundred people, and released his soldiers to plunder freely. He replaced the king [of Jumi] by installing Chengguo from the family of [the previous king] Xing, and then he returned.”[38]
Then the first passage continues:
“In the second Yangjia year (133), Chenpan again made offerings (including) a lion and zebu cattle. ‹See TfD›
Then, during Emperor Ling’s reign, in the first Jianning year, the king of Shule (Kashgar) and Commandant-in-Chief for the Han (i.e. presumably Chenpan), was shot while hunting by the youngest of his paternal uncles, Hede. Hede named himself king.
‹See TfD›
In the third year (170), Meng Tuo, the Inspector of Liangzhou, sent the Provincial Officer Ren She, commanding five hundred soldiers from Dunhuang, with the Wuji Major Cao Kuan, and Chief Clerk of the Western Regions, Zhang Yan, brought troops from Yanqi (Karashahr), Qiuci (Kucha), and the Nearer and Further States of Jushi (Turpan and Jimasa), altogether numbering more than 30,000, to punish Shule (Kashgar). They attacked the town of Zhenzhong [Arach − near Maralbashi] but, having stayed for more than forty days without being able to subdue it, they withdrew. Following this, the kings of Shule (Kashgar) killed one another repeatedly while the Imperial Government was unable to prevent it.”
THREE KINGDOMS TO THE SUI
These centuries are marked by a general silence in sources on Kashgar and the Tarim Basin.
The Weilüe, composed in the second third of the 3rd century, mentions a number of states as dependencies of Kashgar: the kingdom of Zhenzhong (Arach?), the kingdom of Suoju (Yarkand), the kingdom of Jieshi, the kingdom of Qusha, the kingdom of Xiye (Khargalik), the kingdom of Yinai (Tashkurghan), the kingdom of Manli (modern Karasul), the kingdom of Yire (Mazar − also known as Tágh Nák and Tokanak), the kingdom of Yuling, the kingdom of Juandu (‘Tax Control’ − near modern Irkeshtam), the kingdom of Xiuxiu (‘Excellent Rest Stop’ − near Karakavak), and the kingdom of Qin.
However, much of the information on the Western Regions contained in the Weilüe seems to have ended roughly about (170), near the end of Han power. So, we can’t be sure that this is a reference to the state of affairs during the Cao Wei (220-265), or whether it refers to the situation before the civil war during the Later Han when China lost touch with most foreign countries and came to be divided into three separate kingdoms.
Chapter 30 of the Records of the Three Kingdoms says that after the beginning of the Wei Dynasty (220) the states of the Western Regions did not arrive as before, except for the larger ones such as Kucha, Khotan, Kangju, Wusun, Kashgar, Yuezhi, Shanshan and Turpan, who are said to have come to present tribute every year, as in Han times.
In 270, four states from the Western Regions were said to have presented tribute: Karashahr, Turpan, Shanshan, and Kucha. Some wooden documents from Niya seem to indicate that contacts were also maintained with Kashgar and Khotan around this time.
In 422, according to the Songshu, ch. 98, the king of Shanshan, Bilong, came to the court and "the thirty-six states in the Western Regions" all swore their allegiance and presented tribute. It must be assumed that these 36 states included Kashgar.
The "Songji" of the Zizhi Tongjian records that in the 5th month of 435, nine states: Kucha, Kashgar, Wusun, Yueban, Tashkurghan, Shanshan, Karashahr, Turpan and Sute all came to the Wei court.
In 439, according to the Weishu, ch. 4A, Shanshan, Kashgar and Karashahr sent envoys to present tribute.
According to the Weishu, ch. 102, Chapter on the Western Regions, the kingdoms of Kucha, Kashgar, Wusun, Yueban, Tashkurghan, Shanshan, Karashahr, Turpan and Sute all began sending envoys to present tribute in the Taiyuan reign period (435-440).
In 453 Kashgar sent envoys to present tribute (Weishu, ch. 5), and again in 455.
An embassy sent during the reign of Wencheng Di (452-466) from the king of Kashgar presented a supposed sacred relic of the Buddha; a dress which was incombustible.
In 507 Kashgar, is said to have sent envoys in both the 9th and 10th months (Weishu, ch. 8).
In 512, Kashgar sent envoys in the 1st and 5th months. (Weishu, ch. 8).
Early in the 6th century Kashgar is included among the many territories controlled by the Yeda or Hephthalite Huns, but their empire collapsed at the onslaught of the Western Turks between 563 and 567 who then probably gained control over Kashgar and most of the states in the Tarim Basin.
TANG DYNASTY
The founding of the Tang dynasty in 618 saw the beginning of a prolonged struggle between China and the Western Turks for control of the Tarim Basin. In 635, the Tang Annals reported an emissary from the king of Kashgar to the Tang capital. In 639 there was a second emissary bringing products of Kashgar as a token of submission to the Tang state.
Buddhist scholar Xuanzang passed through Kashgar (which he referred to as Ka-sha) in 644 on his return journey from India to China. The Buddhist religion, then beginning to decay in India, was active in Kashgar. Xuanzang recorded that they flattened their babies heads, tattooed their bodies and had green eyes. He reported that Kashgar had abundant crops, fruits and flowers, wove fine woolen stuffs and rugs. Their writing system had been adapted from Indian script but their language was different from that of other countries. The inhabitants were sincere Buddhist adherents and there were some hundreds of monasteries with more than 10,000 followers, all members of the Sarvastivadin School.
At around the same era, Nestorian Christians were establishing bishoprics at Herat, Merv and Samarkand, whence they subsequently proceeded to Kashgar, and finally to China proper itself.
In 646, the Turkic Kagan asked for the hand of a Tang Chinese princess, and in return the Emperor promised Kucha, Khotan, Kashgar, Karashahr and Sarikol as a marriage gift, but this did not happen as planned.
In a series of campaigns between 652 and 658, with the help of the Uyghurs, the Chinese finally defeated the Western Turk tribes and took control of all their domains, including the Tarim Basin kingdoms. Karakhoja was annexed in 640, Karashahr during campaigns in 644 and 648, and Kucha fell in 648.
In 662 a rebellion broke out in the Western Regions and a Chinese army sent to control it was defeated by the Tibetans south of Kashgar.
After another defeat of the Tang Chinese forces in 670, the Tibetans gained control of the whole region and completely subjugated Kashgar in 676-8 and retained possession of it until 692, when the Tang dynasty regained control of all their former territories, and retained it for the next fifty years.
In 722 Kashgar sent 4,000 troops to assist the Chinese to force the "Tibetans out of "Little Bolu" or Gilgit.
In 728, the king of Kashgar was awarded a brevet by the Chinese emperor.
In 739, the Tangshu relates that the governor of the Chinese garrison in Kashgar, with the help of Ferghana, was interfering in the affairs of the Turgesh tribes as far as Talas.
In 751 the Chinese were defeated by an Arab army in the Battle of Talas. The An Lushan Rebellion led to the decline of Tang influence in Central Asia due to the fact that the Tang dynasty was forced to withdraw its troops from the region to fight An Lushan. The Tibetans cut all communication between China and the West in 766.
Soon after the Chinese pilgrim monk Wukong passed through Kashgar in 753. He again reached Kashgar on his return trip from India in 786 and mentions a Chinese deputy governor as well as the local king.
BATTLES WITH ARAB CALIPHATE
In 711, the Arabs invaded Kashgar, but did not hold the city for any length of time. Kashgar and Turkestan lent assistance to the reigning queen of Bukhara, to enable her to repel the Arabs. Although the Muslim religion from the very commencement sustained checks, it nevertheless made its weight felt upon the independent states of Turkestan to the north and east, and thus acquired a steadily growing influence. It was not, however, till the 10th century that Islam was established at Kashgar, under the Kara-Khanid Khanate.
THE TURKIC RULE
According to the 10th-century text, Hudud al-'alam, "the chiefs of Kashghar in the days of old were from the Qarluq, or from the Yaghma." The Karluks, Yaghmas and other tribes such as the Chigils formed the Karakhanids. The Karakhanid Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan converted to Islam in the 10th century and captured Kashgar. Kashgar was the capital of the Karakhanid state for a time but later the capital was moved to Balasaghun. During the latter part of the 10th century, the Muslim Karakhanids began a struggle against the Buddhist Kingdom of Khotan, and the Khotanese defeated the Karakhanids and captured Kashgar in 970. Chinese sources recorded the king of Khotan offering to send them a dancing elephant captured from Kashgar. Later in 1006, the Karakhanids of Kashgar under Yusuf Kadr Khan conquered Khotan.
The Karakhanid Khanate however was beset with internal strife, and the khanate split into two, the Eastern and Western Karakhanid Khanates, with Kashgar falling within the domain of the Eastern Karakhanid state. In 1089, the Western Karakhanids fell under the control of the Seljuks, but the Eastern Karakhanids was for the most part independent.
Both the Karakhanid states were defeated in the 12th century by the Kara-Khitans who captured Balasaghun, however Karakhanid rule continued in Kashgar under the suzerainty of the Kara-Khitans. The Kara-Khitan rulers followed a policy of religious tolerance, Islamic religious life continued uninterrupted and Kashgar was also a Nestorian metropolitan see. The last Karakhanid of Kashgar was killed in a revolt in 1211 by the city's notables. Kuchlug, a usurper of the throne of the Kara-Khitans, then attacked Kashgar which finally surrendered in 1214.
THE MONGOLS
The Kara-Khitai in their turn were swept away in 1219 by Genghis Khan. After his death, Kashgar came under the rule of the Chagatai Khans. Marco Polo visited the city, which he calls Cascar, about 1273-4 and recorded the presence of numerous Nestorian Christians, who had their own churches. Later In the 14th century, a Chagataid khan Tughluq Timur converted to Islam, and Islamic tradition began to reassert its ascendancy.
In 1389−1390 Tamerlane ravaged Kashgar, Andijan and the intervening country. Kashgar endured a troubled time, and in 1514, on the invasion of the Khan Sultan Said, was destroyed by Mirza Ababakar, who with the aid of ten thousand men built a new fort with massive defences higher up on the banks of the Tuman river. The dynasty of the Chagatai Khans collapsed in 1572 with the division of the country among rival factions; soon after, two powerful Khoja factions, the White and Black Mountaineers (Ak Taghliq or Afaqi, and Kara Taghliq or Ishaqi), arose whose differences and war-making gestures, with the intermittent episode of the Oirats of Dzungaria, make up much of recorded history in Kashgar until 1759. The Dzungar Khanate conquered Kashgar and set up the Khoja as their puppet rulers.
QING CONQUEST
The Qing dynasty defeated the Dzungar Khanate during the Ten Great Campaigns and took control of Kashgar in 1759. The conquerors consolidated their authority by settling other ethnics emigrants in the vicinity of a Manchu garrison.
Rumours flew around Central Asia that the Qing planned to launch expeditions towards Transoxiana and Samarkand, the chiefs of which sought assistance from the Afghan king Ahmed Shah Abdali. The alleged expedition never happened so Ahmad Shah withdrew his forces from Kokand. He also dispatched an ambassador to Beijing to discuss the situation of the Afaqi Khojas, but the representative was not well received, and Ahmed Shah was too busy fighting off the Sikhs to attempt to enforce his demands through arms.
The Qing continued to hold Kashgar with occasional interruptions during the Afaqi Khoja revolts. One of the most serious of these occurred in 1827, when the city was taken by Jahanghir Khoja; Chang-lung, however, the Qing general of Ili, regained possession of Kashgar and the other rebellious cities in 1828.
The Kokand Khanate raided Kashgar several times. A revolt in 1829 under Mahommed Ali Khan and Yusuf, brother of Jahanghir resulted in the concession of several important trade privileges to the Muslims of the district of Altishahr (the "six cities"), as it was then called.
The area enjoyed relative calm until 1846 under the rule of Zahir-ud-din, the local Uyghur governor, but in that year a new Khoja revolt under Kath Tora led to his accession as the authoritarian ruler of the city. However, his reign was brief—at the end of seventy-five days, on the approach of the Chinese, he fled back to Khokand amid the jeers of the inhabitants. The last of the Khoja revolts (1857) was of about equal duration, and took place under Wali-Khan, who murdered the well-known traveler Adolf Schlagintweit.
1862 CHINESE HUI REVOLT
The great Dungan revolt (1862–1877) involved insurrection among various Muslim ethnic groups. It broke out in 1862 in Gansu then spread rapidly to Dzungaria and through the line of towns in the Tarim Basin.
Dungan troops based in Yarkand rose and in August 1864 massacred some seven thousand Chinese and their Manchu commander. The inhabitants of Kashgar, rising in their turn against their masters, invoked the aid of Sadik Beg, a Kyrgyz chief, who was reinforced by Buzurg Khan, the heir of Jahanghir Khoja, and his general Yakub Beg. The latter men were dispatched at Sadik’s request by the ruler of Khokand to raise what troops they could to aid his Muslim friends in Kashgar.
Sadik Beg soon repented of having asked for a Khoja, and eventually marched against Kashgar, which by this time had succumbed to Buzurg Khan and Yakub Beg, but was defeated and driven back to Khokand. Buzurg Khan delivered himself up to indolence and debauchery, but Yakub Beg, with singular energy and perseverance, made himself master of Yangi Shahr, Yangi-Hissar, Yarkand and other towns, and eventually became sole master of the country, Buzurg Khan proving himself totally unfit for the post of ruler.
With the overthrow of Chinese rule in 1865 by Yakub Beg (1820–1877), the manufacturing industries of Kashgar are supposed to have declined.
Yaqub Beg entered into relations and signed treaties with the Russian Empire and the British Empire, but when he tried to get their support against China, he failed.
Kashgar and the other cities of the Tarim Basin remained under Yakub Beg’s rule until May 1877, when he died at Korla. Thereafter Kashgaria was reconquered by the forces of the Qing general Zuo Zongtang during the Qing reconquest of Xinjiang.
QING RULE
There were eras in Xinjiang's history where intermarriage was common, "laxity" which set upon Uyghur women led them to marry Chinese men and not wear the veil in the period after Yaqub Beg's rule ended, it is also believed by Uyghurs that some Uyghurs have Han Chinese ancestry from historical intermarriage, such as those living in Turpan.
Even though Muslim women are forbidden to marry non-Muslims in Islamic law, from 1880-1949 it was frequently violated in Xinjiang since Chinese men married Muslim Turki (Uyghur) women, a reason suggested by foriengers that it was due to the women being poor, while the Turki women who married Chinese were labelled as whores by the Turki community, these marriages were illegitimate according to Islamic law but the women obtained benefits from marrying Chinese men since the Chinese defended them from Islamic authorities so the women were not subjected to the tax on prostitution and were able to save their income for themselves. Chinese men gave their Turki wives privileges which Turki men's wives did not have, since the wives of Chinese did not have to wear a veil and a Chinese man in Kashgar once beat a mullah who tried to force his Turki Kashgari wife to veil. The Turki women also benefited in that they were not subjected to any legal binding to their Chinese husbands so they could make their Chinese husbands provide them with as much their money as she wanted for her relatives and herself since otherwise the women could just leave, and the property of Chinese men was left to their Turki wives after they died. Turki women considered Turki men to be inferior husbands to Chinese and Hindus. Because they were viewed as "impure", Islamic cemeteries banned the Turki wives of Chinese men from being buried within them, the Turki women got around this problem by giving shrines donations and buying a grave in other towns. Besides Chinese men, other men such as Hindus, Armenians, Jews, Russians, and Badakhshanis intermarried with local Turki women. The local society accepted the Turki women and Chinese men's mixed offspring as their own people despite the marriages being in violation of Islamic law. Turki women also conducted temporary marriages with Chinese men such as Chinese soldiers temporarily stationed around them as soldiers for tours of duty, after which the Chinese men returned to their own cities, with the Chinese men selling their mixed daughters with the Turki women to his comrades, taking their sons with them if they could afford it but leaving them if they couldn't, and selling their temporary Turki wife to a comrade or leaving her behind.
An anti-Russian uproar broke out when Russian customs officials, 3 Cossacks and a Russian courier invited local Turki (Uyghur) prostitutes to a party in January 1902 in Kashgar, this caused a massive brawl by the inflamed local Turki Muslim populace against the Russians on the pretense of protecting Muslim women because there was anti-Russian sentiment being built up, even though morality was not strict in Kashgar, the local Turki Muslims violently clashed with the Russians before they were dispersed by guards, the Chinese sought to end to tensions to prevent the Russians from building up a pretext to invade.
After the riot, the Russians sent troops to Sarikol in Tashkurghan and demanded that the Sarikol postal services be placed under Russian supervision, the locals of Sarikol believed that the Russians would seize the entire district from the Chinese and send more soldiers even after the Russians tried to negotiate with the Begs of Sarikol and sway them to their side, they failed since the Sarikoli officials and authorities demanded in a petition to the Amban of Yarkand that they be evacuated to Yarkand to avoid being harassed by the Russians and objected to the Russian presence in Sarikol, the Sarikolis did not believe the Russian claim that they would leave them alone and only involved themselves in the mail service.
Many of the young Kashgari women were most attractive in appearance, and some of the little girls quite lovely, their plaits of long hair falling from under a jaunty little embroidered cap, their big dark eyes, flashing teeth and piquant olive faces reminding me of Italian or Spanish children. One most beautiful boy stands out in my memory. He was clad in a new shirt and trousers of flowered pink, his crimson velvet cap embroidered with gold, and as he smiled and salaamed to us I thought he looked like a fairy prince. The women wear their hair in two or five plaits much thickened and lengthened by the addition of yak's hair, but the children in several tiny plaits.
The peasants are fairly well off, as the soil is rich, the abundant water-supply free, and the taxation comparatively light. It was always interesting to meet them taking their live stock into market. Flocks of sheep with tiny lambs, black and white, pattered along the dusty road; here a goat followed its master like a dog, trotting behind the diminutive ass which the farmer bestrode; or boys, clad in the whity-brown native cloth, shouted incessantly at donkeys almost invisible under enormous loads of forage, or carried fowls and ducks in bunches head downwards, a sight that always made me long to come to the rescue of the luckless birds.
It was pleasant to see the women riding alone on horseback, managing their mounts to perfection. They formed a sharp contrast to their Persian sisters, who either sit behind their husbands or have their steeds led by the bridle; and instead of keeping silence in public, as is the rule for the shrouded women of Iran, these farmers' wives chaffered and haggled with the men in the bazar outside the city, transacting business with their veils thrown back.
Certainly the mullas do their best to keep the fair sex in their place, and are in the habit of beating those who show their faces in the Great Bazar. But I was told that poetic justice had lately been meted out to one of these upholders of the law of Islam, for by mistake he chastised a Kashgari woman married to a Chinaman, whereupon the irate husband set upon him with a big stick and castigated him soundly.
That a Muslim should take in marriage one of alien faith is not objected to; it is rather deemed a meritorious act thus to bring an unbeliever to the true religion. The Muslim woman, on the other hand, must not be given in marriage to a non-Muslim; such a union is regarded as the most heinous of sins. In this matter, however, compromises are sometimes made with heaven: the marriage of a Turki princess with the emperor Ch'ien-lung has already been referred to; and, when the present writer passed through Minjol (a day's journey west of Kashgar) in 1902, a Chinese with a Turki wife (? concubine) was presented to him.
FIRST EAST TURKESTAN REPUBLIC
Kashgar was the scene of continual battles from 1933 to 1934. Ma Shaowu, a Chinese Muslim, was the Tao-yin of Kashgar, and he fought against Uyghur rebels. He was joined by another Chinese Muslim general, Ma Zhancang.
BATTLE OF KASHGAR (1933)
Uighur and Kirghiz forces, led by the Bughra brothers and Tawfiq Bay, attempted to take the New City of Kashgar from Chinese Muslim troops under General Ma Zhancang. They were defeated.
Tawfiq Bey, a Syrian Arab traveler, who held the title Sayyid (descendent of prophet Muhammed) and arrived at Kashgar on August 26, 1933, was shot in the stomach by the Chinese Muslim troops in September. Previously Ma Zhancang arranged to have the Uighur leader Timur Beg killed and beheaded on August 9, 1933, displaying his head outside of Id Kah Mosque.
Han chinese troops commanded by Brigadier Yang were absorbed into Ma Zhancang's army. A number of Han chinese officers were spotted wearing the green uniforms of Ma Zhancang's unit of the 36th division, presumably they had converted to Islam.
BATTLE OF KASHGAR (1934)
The 36th division General Ma Fuyuan led a Chinese Muslim army to storm Kashgar on February 6, 1934, attacking the Uighur and Kirghiz rebels of the First East Turkestan Republic. He freed another 36th division general, Ma Zhancang, who was trapped with his Chinese Muslim and Han Chinese troops in Kashgar New City by the Uighurs and Kirghiz since May 22, 1933. In January, 1934, Ma Zhancang's Chinese Muslim troops repulsed six Uighur attacks, launched by Khoja Niyaz, who arrived at the city on January 13, 1934, inflicting massive casualties on the Uighur forces. From 2,000 to 8,000 Uighur civilians in Kashgar Old City were massacred by Tungans in February, 1934, in revenge for the Kizil massacre, after retreating of Uighur forces from the city to Yengi Hisar. The Chinese Muslim and 36th division Chief General Ma Zhongying, who arrived at Kashgar on April 7, 1934, gave a speech at Id Kah Mosque in April, reminding the Uighurs to be loyal to the Republic of China government at Nanjing. Several British citizens at the British consulate were killed or wounded by the 36th division on March 16, 1934.
PEOPLE´S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Kashgar was incorporated into the People's Republic of China in 1949. During the Cultural Revolution, one of the largest statues of Mao in China was built in Kashgar, near People's Square. In 1986, the Chinese government designated Kashgar a "city of historical and cultural significance". Kashgar and surrounding regions have been the site of Uyghur unrest since the 1990s. In 2008, two Uyghur men carried out a vehicular, IED and knife attack against police officers. In 2009, development of Kashgar's old town accelerated after the revelations of the deadly role of faulty architecture during the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Many of the old houses in the old town were built without regulation, and as a result, officials found them to be overcrowded and non-compliant with fire and earthquake codes. When the plan started, 42% of the city's residents lived in the old town. With compensation, residents of faulty buildings are being counseled to move to newer, safer buildings that will replace the historic structures in the $448 million plan, including high-rise apartments, plazas, and reproductions of ancient Islamic architecture. The European Parliament issued a resolution in 2011 calling for "culture-sensitive methods of renovation." The International Scientific Committee on Earthen Architectural Heritage (ISCEAH) has expressed concern over the demolition and reconstruction of historic buildings. ISCEAH has, additionally, urged the implementation of techniques utilized elsewhere in the world to address earthquake vulnerability.
Following the July 2009 Urumqi riots, the government focused on local economic development in an attempt to ameliorate ethnic tensions in the greater Xinjiang region. Kashgar was made into a Special Economic Zone in 2010, the first such zone in China's far west. In 2011, a spate of violence over two days killed dozens of people. By May 2012 two-thirds of the old city had been demolished, fulfilling "political as well as economic goals." In July 2014 the Imam of the Id Kah Mosque, Juma Tayir, was assassinated in Kashgar.
CLIMATE
Kashgar features a desert climate (Köppen BWk) with hot summers and cold winters, with large temperature differences between those two seasons: The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −5.3 °C in January to 25.6 °C in July, while the annual mean is 11.84 °C. Spring is long and arrives quickly, while fall is somewhat brief in comparison. Kashgar is one of the driest cities on the planet, averaging only 64 millimetres of precipitation per year. The city’s wettest month, July, only sees on average 9.1 millimetres of rain. Because of the extremely arid conditions, snowfall is rare, despite the cold winters. Records have been as low as −24.4 °C in January and up to 40.1 °C in July. The frost-free period averages 215 days. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 50% in March to 70% in September, the city receives 2,726 hours of bright sunshine annually.
DEMOGRAPHICS
Kashgar is predominately peopled by Muslim Uyghurs. Compared to Ürümqi, Xinjiang's capital and largest city, Kashgar is less industrial and has significantly fewer Han Chinese residents.
ECONOMICS AND SOCIETY
The city has a very important Sunday market. Thousands of farmers from the surrounding fertile lands come into the city to sell a wide variety of fruit and vegetables. Kashgar’s livestock market is also very lively. Silk and carpets made in Hotan are sold at bazaars, as well as local crafts, such as copper teapots and wooden jewellery boxes.
In order to boost the economy in Kashgar region, the government classified the area as the sixth Special Economic Zone of China in May 2010.
Mahmud al-Kashgari (Turkish: Kâşgarlı Mahmud) (Mahmut from Kashgar) wrote the first Turkic–Arabic Exemplary Dictionary called Divan-ı Lugat-it Türk[citation needed]
The movie The Kite Runner was filmed in Kashgar. Kashgar and the surrounding countryside stood in for Kabul and Afghanistan, since filming in Afghanistan was not possible due to safety and security reasons.
SIGHTS
Kashgar's Old City has been called "the best-preserved example of a traditional Islamic city to be found anywhere in Central Asia". It is estimated to attract more than one million tourists annually.
- Id Kah Mosque, the largest mosque in China, is located in the heart of the city.
- People's Park, the main public park in central Kashgar.
- An 18 m high statue of Mao Zedong in Kashgar is one of the few large-scale statues of Mao remaining in China.
- The tomb of Afaq Khoja in Kashgar is considered the holiest Muslim site in Xinjiang. Built in the 17th century, the tiled mausoleum 5 km northeast of the city centre also contains the tombs of five generations of his family. Abakh was a powerful ruler, controlling Khotan, Yarkand, Korla, Kucha and Aksu as well as Kashgar. Among some Uyghur Muslims, he was considered a great Saint (Aulia).
- Sunday Market in Kashgar is renowned as the biggest market in central Asia; a pivotal trading point along the Silk Road where goods have been traded for more than 2,000 years. The market is open every day but Sunday is the largest.
TRANSPORTATION
AIR
Kashgar Airport serves mainly domestic flights, the majority of them from Urumqi. The only scheduled international flights are passenger and cargo services with Pakistan's capital Islamabad.
RAIL
Kashgar has the westernmost railway station in China. It is connected to the rest of China's rail network via the Southern Xinjiang Railway, which was built in December 1999. Kashgar–Hotan Railway opened for passenger traffic in June 2011, and connected Kashgar with cities in the southern Tarim Basin including Shache (Yarkand), Yecheng (Kargilik) and Hotan. Travel time to Urumqi from Kashgar is approximately 25 hours, while travel time to Hotan is approximately ten hours.
The investigation work of a further extension of the railway line to Pakistan has begun. In November 2009, Pakistan and China agreed to set up a joint venture to do a feasibility study of the proposed rail link via the Khunjerab Pass.
Proposals for a rail connection to Osh in Kyrgyzstan have also been discussed at various levels since at least 1996.
In 2012, a standard gauge railway from Kashgar via Tajikistan and Afghanistan to Iran and beyond has been proposed.
ROAD
The Karakorum highway (KKH) links Islamabad, Pakistan with Kashgar over the Khunjerab Pass. The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor is a multibillion-dollar project was that will upgrade transport links between China and Pakistan, including the upgrades to the Karakorum highway. Bus routes exist for passenger travel south into Pakistan. Kyrgyzstan is also accessible from Kashgar, via the Torugart Pass and Irkeshtam Pass; as of summer 2007, daily bus service connects Kashgar with Bishkek’s Western Bus Terminal. Kashgar is also located on China National Highways G314 (which runs to Khunjerab Pass on the Sino−Pakistani border, and, in the opposite direction, towards Ürümqi), and G315, which runs to Xining, Qinghai from Kashgar.
WIKIPEDIA
Heureux les repentants, les adorateurs, ceux qui proclament sa louange, accompagnée de pérégrination … Les continents eux aussi sont en pérégrination comme ce simple sur-vol d’une Méditerranée refermée et unifiée à l’époque d’un super-continent formé à la toute fin du Néoprotérozoïque, en l’occurrence: le fameux Gondwana.
Depuis, ce cher Adam est tombé de haut et il attend sagement pétrifié , le biceps saillant et portant sa Dame Nature. Eve initiale ISIS a vendu son corps pour des pommes…Alors, depuis on a inventé le paradis pour donner un sens à cette histoire perchée au balcon..
Il est notre guide aujourd'hui et sa vie reste dans nos moeurs. L'origine de cette zone de rencontre est sans doute imputable à un matérialisme exacerbé par le rationalisme qui prétend rattacher l'intelligence à la raison pure!
« Une personne doit se retirer et tu prendras sa place. Cette personne a été imprudente et doit laisser sa place à quelqu’un d’autre (toi). Pour lui, il n’est plus question d’être léger, alors que pour toi c’est tout le contraire, tu cesses de porter le poids de ta vie d'avant ».
Les pierres si bien assemblées forment son corps sous la lumière de la vérité ! Les deux fenêtres de son regard posé sur une façade blanche traduisent un visage immaculé dans la pureté du paysage libre. Le Ciel est peut-être un endroit idéal de la Terre? Ce monologue de voyage en digression sur la culture orientale passée par l’Inde puis la Chine et revient en virus sur la côte Méditerranéenne avec une paire de dés.
Le 10 mars 2020 à 18h20, modifié le 11 mars 2020 à 20h38
Une charge. Sévère. Cinglante. Juridique mais aussi morale. Pendant près de quatre heures, les deux magistrats du parquet leur cible prioritaire, à la broyeuse. Contre un homme politique qu'ils accusent d'avoir « aggravé la déchirure du pacte républicain », contre un prévenu qu'ils dénigrent pour avoir servi au tribunal « une forme de mépris ou d'inconscience du bien commun » et qui a « préféré camper sur ses positions et s'enfermer dans ses dénégations », contre cet ancien Adam qui a « persisté dans un comportement lucratif et strictement contraire aux valeurs fondamentales »
Ils ont réclamé une peine « à la hauteur de la légitime exemplarité attendue d'un prétendant à la magistrature suprême ». A savoir porter sa peine nu face au public pour l'éternité.
Contre son épouse Eve, « victime consentante des agissements de son mari », il ont requis une pétrification. Figé sur la façade, le prévenu n'a pas eu un regard pour ses féroces contempteurs.
Un « cynisme » plusieurs fois fustigé
C'est donc à Adam, dont ils ont plusieurs fois fustigé le « cynisme » pour avoir régulièrement plaidé pour un contrôle strict des deniers publics, que les magistrats de l'accusation ont réservé leurs flèches ce mardi. Ils décrivent l'ancien locataire du Paradis comme un homme vénal qui a, dès le début de sa carrière, eu pour « habitude » de capter l'argent alloué par l'assemblée pour l'emploi des collaborateurs parlementaires, en embauchant son épouse Eve.
Pour le parquet, le caractère fictif de l'emploi de son épouse Eve comme assistante celeste entre 1998 et 2002 puis entre 2012 et 2013 ne fait aucun doute. Absent du balcon, l'un des deux compères de l'accusation, relève les différents « éléments troublants » du dossier : entre autres, l'absence de traces matérielles de la collaboration et le secret savamment entretenu autour de cet emploi. Le magistrat reprend une à une les différentes missions alléguées de Eve pour mieux les écarter. Eve tenant permanence au domicile privé du couple au paradis? « Invraisemblable ». Le traitement d'une partie du courrier au anges? « Cela relève davantage de la cosmétique que d'une activité parlementaire ». Les différentes attestations fournies par la défense? « Dans leur écrasante majorité elles concernent son rôle de représentation. […] Avec Eve, l'accessoire ne cesse d'être présenté comme le principal ».
« L'appât du gain fut manifestement plus fort que la raison »
Aux yeux de l'accusation, les différentes apparitions publiques du porteur, exploitées par la défense, ne font pas un emploi, qui plus est rémunéré à cette hauteur (NDLR : plus d'1 million d'euros pour ses emplois au service de son mari puis de son suppléant). « Il n'est pas contesté que le porteur avait un intérêt certain pour la vie locale et qu'il s'intéressait à la carrière politique de son balcon. Mais l'enquête et les débats ont montré qu'ils avaient tous les deux très largement amplifié la réalité. Au point de présenter tous ses faits et gestes, même les plus banals, comme participant à son emploi d'assistant du balcon.
Un « cynisme » plusieurs fois fustigé
C'est donc du balcon dont ils ont plusieurs fois fustigé le « cynisme » pour avoir régulièrement plaidé pour un contrôle strict de ses forces, que les magistrats de l'accusation ont réservé leurs flèches ce jeudi 12 mars. Ils décrivent un Adam vénal qui a, dès le début de sa carrière en 1981, eu pour « habitude » de capter le balcon alloué par l'assemblée pour l'emploi des collaborateurs, en embauchant son épouse Eve.
Adam ne reviendra plus jamais à son état initial.
Enveloppés dans son désir qui évoque un être seul, l'acariâtre et
la cariatide se voient tels qu’ils seront au cinéma, sortis de leurs profils pour ressembler à leur filtre Snapchat devant un chirurgien esthétique.
De fait, lorsqu’ils meurent de leur mort physiologique, les poseurs au balcon se font souvent des selfies enroulés dans l’habitacle qu’ils ont revêtu dans cette image sans relations avec l’Esprit Tout Puissant
Le poseur se résorbe donc dans une unicité spirituelle.
« Toute chose revient à l’Esprit », avertit la zone de rencontre et surtout de pas tomber dans le panneau. L’annihilation de l’ego humain se matérialise bien évidemment sur les pectoraux . Les tablettes de chocolat autour du nombril sont celles du néant existentiel de l’homme autour de sa seule réalité véritable de naitre de l’Esprit, n’être de l’est-ce prît?
La fusion corps-esprit prend toute sa signification dans la façade, il atterri… sage sur une immense croisette désertique d’où la virus s’échappe sur des villages du bien être.
Dans ce paradis, au sens littéral de l’expression, on ne se trouve plus dans un environnement familier, mais sur quelque planète lointaine. C’est l’impression que l’on ressent en visitant l’endroit en dehors de l’époque du rendez-vous attendu….
Lorsqu’on voit arriver ça à la limite du décrochage, nous planons encore pour franchir les murs de certitudes bien fondées dans une atmosphère hospitalière.
Il faut voler au-dessus des préjugés qui forment une frontière pour l’Esprit et s'affranchir des zones de transit adaptées pour les règles des vols réguliers. Le routage n’est plus le même avec l’Esprit à bord, le docteur appelle la radio, Il fait des efforts pour tout ressentir et suivre une diagonale qui n’est qu’un transit du corps physique de la pierre sur la portance de son balcon symboliques de l’âme.
Pour porter son repentir dans l’avenir,
Dans le cheminement une issue existe
Tout ton avenir reste bien sûr à définir.
Imagine bien des voies du possible
Aux confins de cette file d’attente
Conjoncture énergétique favorable
Si l’aventure d’un voyage te tente ?
La tectonique reste très improbable
Astres et planètes seront influences,
Attraction de grands développements
Dans ta vie, vivrons des conséquences
Sur un lieu qui te bénéficie réellement.
Les énergies se trouvent sur la place
Elles seront tes porteuses d'équilibre.
Pour cela, te dégager de cette masse
Pleins de SMS, ton portable qui vibre,
Tu cherche à fuir tout se qui t’angoisse
Ça fait longtemps qu’on est bloqué,
Ce transit ressemble à une tenaille
Enserrant les sorties tant évoqués
C’est un labyrinthe ou que tu ailles
La nature même du porteur est avant tout vénale, l’émotion est souvent un plaisir intellectuel . La peur et l’amour sont les deux sources d’énergie qui flotte sur une plage l’indifférence . La peur vient des nuages chargés par l’évaporation de l’angoisse d’être seul, c’est l’enfer sur Terre. L’amour est solaire, il ne vient qu’après plusieurs vies sur Terre, il est le fruit des réincarnations successives et seuls les initiés en disposent chaque matin au lever du soleil. L’amour est une force infinie et continue opposée aux éclairs de la peur qui jaillissent des nuées d’incertitudes. La peur nous atterre , l’envie et l’avarice nourrissent cet enfer, peu fier on ère soumis à nos ennemis. Gouverner par la peur, c’est la recette des sans cœurs et ça fonctionne, la peur résonne, pendant que l’amour raisonne. La télé utilise 80 % de nos neurones sensibles à la peur, souvent j’utilise la télé comme somnifère, insensible à ses transferts, le journal ou les reportages digèrent la peur comme ingrédient principal de l’audience en transe.
Les politiques sont les grands spécialistes de la peur, ils l’utilisent pour gouverner ceux qui n’échappent pas à la peur médiatique. C’est un texte moins romantique.
Le portage ici c’est trop court pour s’approcher de l’âme du texte , il ralenti vite, les mots nous pèsent car l’esprit est tout occupé à satisfaire celui des clients pour qu’ensuite ils vendent nos idées, dans un monde ou le taux horaire est la référence du moment.Les héros modernes sont mené par le bout du nez , il sont faibles et manipulés , l’excellence consisterait à n’être qu’une victime de ses pulsions comme dans une tragédie ou l’unicité du lieu et du temps est remplacé par une paranoïa perpétuelle en forme de road movie.La parano qui résiste à un tel taux d’exposition aux radiations de bonheur n’est plus une psychose mais un monstre qui se nourrit exclusivement du malheur individuel. Il y a un bonheur à être accepté comme victime, la souffrance partagé c’est de la joie à pleurer en groupe. La parano dans ces mots sont des formes rebelles au rationnel des sentinelles de la citadelle des nouvelles technologies. Les pèlerins connaissent-ils la parano des sous sols , celle qui vit dans les couloirs et les tubes ou l’on compresse la matière humaine.
Le troupeau de parano se stresse derrière les vitres d’une salle d'hôpital , pas de spirituel dans cette transhumance mais juste un amas de romance humaine et sans trop de laine, c’est quand qu’on leurs tond la haine?
Un mouton humain n’a plus d’âme depuis qu’elle est en vente sur ebay pour ceux qui voudraient bien se racheter une conscience .
Le narrateur dans notre époque est devenu une espèce rare et parfois déjà fossilisée dans nos arrières pensées de passager de ce vol retardé, regarder sur un chemin connu ou comment se perdre entre deux files d’attentes qui nous guident vers la conviction d’un retard prévisible?
Les fibres de matière à penser nous opèrent un retour en arrière sur le temps passé , ici sur le point d’équilibre l’aéroplane pique du nez, le vol annulé, c’est un temps qui appartient à la compagnie du plaisir, raffinement et culture incompréhensible pour le consumériste Low Coast. Les langues sont des barrières pour exprimer le désarrois de l’homme addictif. Rien de neuf dans son regard ne plonge jamais plus d’un millième de seconde, il regarde son cadran d’horaires depuis 5000 ans.
Une image sacrée trouve à chaque regard sa beauté encore plus grande.
L’œil du consommateur fonctionne maintenant en 24 million de pixels, il scanne la beauté en nanoseconde et éjacule des éclairs de lucides pensées dans une nuit sans fin , sa conscience consumée est actuellement proche du néant .
Nos paires d’yeux à consommer plongent sous une jupe épaisse de nuages cendré à la poussière d’étoile. L’année 2020 porte en nous les forces du cœur de la terre
Nos ancêtres ont franchi le détroit de Gibraltar pour faire renaître l’Europe, la France est-elle restée avec son âme arabe? La cariatide portera nos humeurs et se tracera une ligne claire , il faudra encore se fendre d’un décollage sur la plage de Cannes. A force de pas décoller j’ai les os broyé par le train de vie que mon esprit mène par le bout de son nez, me voici réincarné en pèlerin de zone internationale, il faut croire que j’avais pas assez payé cher une bonne réservation au paradis des gènes nat , djenat…te gènes pas mon gars.
Un sommet incertain nous vient dans le mouvement du destin reflet d'une autre personne, elle se dévoile lentement dans le cœur de ce transit entre l'Afrique et l'Europe pour renaître en brûlant sous le feu du festival, ses palmes se déploient peu à peu pour expliquer l'inconstance des circonstances atténuantes. Bien sage et collé au balcon que tu portes dans la sculpture d’un corps tourné vers l’essence matérielle, tu as-perces-soi des Maîtres de la Sagesse et du Souffle vital.
Percez et vous verrez, persévérez dans cette direction, percez la bulle du Monde réel, dessinez les hublots, percez cette pierre qui vous rend dingue, persévérez dans cette attitude, restez perché , ainsi vous verrez les partie invisible du corps, l’âme-hors de soi, la-mort de soi, même si elle vous fait peur cette âme-à-tiers, elle est la-matière essence-ciel de votre élan vers le futur bien pur. ☂️Il attend le poète, pauvre être qui s'entête dans la fête des mots💦 , celle des maux de tête, 💧du Reste il pleut l'essentiel, ☔️ Ciel 🌈…💦L'eau du Ciel tombe sur ma tête, ...🔫elle vient bénir la bête, ...💣dissoudre mes pensées en fêtes, ... 💎ici-bas il faut pas que j'y reste, ... monter sur l'orgueil et m'entête, ... ⚖️monter , descendre, un orage s'arrête, ... ⚔️il rend l'atmosphère bien nette .... 🔧et exaspère cette cariatide poétique .... ⛓avec des rimes systématique.
La Cérémonie Céleste d’Attraction de Chance est actuellement au balcon, il pèse ces mots et porte ces digressions. Tous les pouvoirs libérés par cette Aide céleste majeure sont désormais à sa disposition au tribunal.
Il reste à l’écoute du monde céleste pour lui afin que la puissance des anges rayonne sur lui, toujours et sous ce balcon. Adam a naturellement son arrière train sur un strapontin, cela ressemble à un siège escamotable, pas encore éjectable.
Pendant ces premières heures, il cherchais les clés pour accéder à nos mémoires et ouvrir la Porte du Temps. Adam invoquait son ange de retrouver les connaissances de la Vie et de la Mort, et la conscience de l'intemporalité. La connaissance de la vie immortelle s'installe par l'union des deux êtres qui l'habitent. L'un est en pierre, et l'autre est symbolique. Le jour Adam crée cette union entre les deux, il se rapproche de l'énergie de l'Unité et des portes de passage qui existent entre ces deux plans. Cela l'introduira au passage de conscience de la Porte des étoiles et lui montrera les liens invisibles qui existent entre toutes choses. Adam pourrait alors comprendre comment nous avons construit son corps et comment nous pouvons retourner dans les étoiles. C’est plus un? On l'appelle Celestor ?
Il viendrait du Spandakarika, ou Chant du Frémissement. Voilà l’un des textes essentiels du shivaïsme tantrique du Cachemire, révélé directement en SONGE à Vasugupta par Shiva. Elle y va te chercher si bas la princesse aux milles bras pour te porter au-dessus des nuées de pensées matérielles, le Spandakarika est l’ancêtre du porteur du bas, le con!!!!
Le bas devient un tapis volant ou un ascenseur Cosmo-telluriques: Le Celestor c’est le nom que tes anges ont trouvé pour t’embarquer en prison.
Ange Gardien Celestor est une métaphore peine et loupe 😭
La voix continue:
« C’est une ligne directe entre toi et ton Ange Protecteur. Des notes bienfaisantes que j’ai arrangées pour toi durant de longues heures, habité par l’esprit bienveillant de ton ange. »
« Le vol du Célestor est accordé à ta vibration primordiale. »
« C’est ce qui le rend unique, comme Adam .À quoi sert-il ?
Son action vise à libérer Adam de toutes les énergies négatives qui l’éloignent de la Chance en permanence…… car il sera d’accord pour dire que rien ne marche comme il le souhaites depuis un petit moment déjà.
D’ailleurs, voici ce que son avocat m’a révélé « cause potes en ciel de tes blocages incessants »
"Cela ne date pas d’hier visiblement. Il y a des années de cela, au moins 10 ans, mon ange mon ange me voit pendant de longs mois sous l’emprise d’un vampire psychique. Un personnes qui réclame une attention constante, qui te parle de ses problèmes sans arrêt. Cette personne m’influençait mais je ne m’en rendais pas compte. Je l’admirais, voulais l’aider et ne pouvais pas m’en détacher."
Enfin à force de ne plus voler l'argent public, il a pris conscience de tout cela. Au moment où il a senti que le poids du passé lui échappait, cette personne a dirigé de mauvaises pensées contre le Paradis. Elle a, sans même s’en rendre compte, invoqué des forces contraires pour garder le fric près d’elle. Ces mêmes forces contraires agissent encore contre luii au moment où je vous écrit devant mon écran.
Et voilà pourquoi la Chance se refuse à lui depuis un an. Voilà pourquoi son énergie mentale est polluée d’ondes hautement négatives comme je vous le disais un peu plus tôt dans ce vol sans scrupules.
Nous y voilà enfin, à force de jouer les professeurs ésotériques, nous avions perdu le cap de ce vol, mais oui ma poule! C’est bien un vol sans scrupules et il ne finira jamais, sauf si Adam se lasse de rêver plus haut que le nombril des anges déchus. Dans son bel élan blanc il porte la polarité et sa bipolarité de l’être. C’est un vol bidon, juste un prétexte pour pas ramper avec les barbe-cul rampants et leurs rillettes du ment SONGE à griller ton pain blanc.
Bon sang … mais c’est quoi qui coule dans ses tripes ou est ta mauvaise graine ? Rien que ça ? Mais t’es fou ?
"Je vois un potentiel extraordinaire mais libéré qui se cache en lui - un potentiel qui a été supprimé maintenant...Tout comme un volcan en sommeil qui attend son heure. Je suis sûr qu'il va remarquer des événements assez particuliers au cours des derniers mois - peut-être à cause de circonstances malheureuses, d'événements imprévus,
ou comme si le poids du monde était sur ses épaules.
Ce sont toutes des indications de sa prochaine période de transformation, d'émergence et d’énergies. Oui, il n'y a aucun doute; son cycle d'initiation archétypique est sur le point de commencer. C'est un cycle intuitif qui concentre les énergies positives de l'Inconscient Collectif pendant plusieurs semaines - lui permettant de débloquer toutes les vibrations négatives qui l'entourent pour atteindre l'inimaginable?
Pouvoir se détacher de sa façade bourgeoise????
"John the Baptist appeared, preaching in the desert of Judea
and saying, "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand!"
It was of him that the prophet Isaiah had spoken when he said:
A voice of one crying out in the desert,
Prepare the way of the Lord,
make straight his paths.
John wore clothing made of camel's hair
and had a leather belt around his waist.
His food was locusts and wild honey.
At that time Jerusalem, all Judea,
and the whole region around the Jordan
were going out to him
and were being baptized by him in the Jordan River
as they acknowledged their sins.
When he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees
coming to his baptism, he said to them, "You brood of vipers!
Who warned you to flee from the coming wrath?
Produce good fruit as evidence of your repentance.
And do not presume to say to yourselves,
'We have Abraham as our father.'
For I tell you,
God can raise up children to Abraham from these stones.
Even now the ax lies at the root of the trees.
Therefore every tree that does not bear good fruit
will be cut down and thrown into the fire.
I am baptizing you with water, for repentance,
but the one who is coming after me is mightier than I.
I am not worthy to carry his sandals.
He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire.
His winnowing fan is in his hand.
He will clear his threshing floor
and gather his wheat into his barn,
but the chaff he will burn with unquenchable fire.""
– Matt 3:1-12, which is today's Gospel at Mass for the 2nd Sunday of Advent.
Fresco by Ghirlandaio in the Dominican church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence.