Implementation photos on Flickr

Youth Inclusiveness in Driving the Implementation Agenda of Fiscal Policy, Trade and Investment through Digital Innovation in Africa by United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

Youth Inclusiveness in Driving the Implementation Agenda of Fiscal Policy, Trade and Investment through Digital Innovation in Africa

Conference of African Ministers of Finance, Planning and Economic Development

24 March 2019

Palais des Congrès de la Palmeraie de Marrakech, Morocco.

Ruínas do Castro de Santiago - Vila Chã - Portugal 🇵🇹 by Vitor Oliveira

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Os trabalhos realizados no Castro de Santiago enquadraram-se em medidas implementadas no âmbito do plano de valorização de sítios do circuito arqueológico de Fornos de Algodres. Face ao adiantado estado de degradação do sítio e à intenção de o integrar no Roteiro Arqueológico local, foi elaborado um projecto para a sua valorização, contemplando trabalhos de conservação e restauro e escavação arqueológica.

A intervenção de conservação e restauro incidiu sobre o recinto fortificado central e consistiu na limpeza geral e conservação de estruturas e áreas escavadas. Quanto à escavação, procurou-se compreender a natureza de uma possível estrutura delimitadora de um segundo recinto e torná-la mais perceptível e inteligível ao visitante.

Com efeito, estes trabalhos conferiram a todo o conjunto uma maior estabilidade físico-química, feita através de limpezas, intervenções estruturais, acabamentos finais e recobrimentos. Exigindo este sítio manutenção permanente, propusemos as seguintes acções sobre o mesmo: observação sistemática (mensal), tendo em atenção o tipo, a dimensão e as causas das alterações que se viessem a verificar; aplicação de herbicida em toda a extensão, aproximadamente de três em três meses; e, por fim, fixação de elementos de pedra que se viessem a soltar.

Confirmou-se também a existência de um segundo recinto calcolítico, continuando, contudo, em aberto a natureza da ocupação e função desse segundo espaço. No final dos trabalhos, o sítio encontrava-se pronto a ser apresentado ao público, integrando o circuito arqueológico municipal.

era-arqueologia.pt/projectos/351

Science project & innovation- by Dr Mihir kumar Panda PhD DLitt Innovator

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About Dr.Mihir Kumar Panda, Ph.D,D.Litt,, innovator

World’s only achiever of large number of World Record for 10,000 Teaching Aids & innovations

Founder & Co-ordinator General, ‘SROSTI’ (Social Development research Organisation for Science, technology & Implementation)

Collaborator Vijnana Bana Ashram

Bahanaga, Baleshwar, Odisha, India-756042

Website : simpleinnovationproject.com

E-Mail- : mihirpandasrosti@gmail.com

Face Book link:https://www.facebook.com/mihirpandasrosti

WIKIMAPIA

wikimapia.org/#lang=en&lat=-6.174348&lon=106.8293...

Contact No. : +91 7008406650

Whatsapp: +91 9438354515

Dr.Mihir Kumar Panda, an Educational, Societal and Scientific Innovator has established an NGO 'SROSTI' at Bahanaga, Balasore,Odisha,India

Dr. panda has innovated/invented more than 10,000 (ten thousand) teaching aids and different innovations and he has more than 30,000 (Thirty thousand) ideas to make scientific and mathematical models.

His creations are very essential guide for school and college science exhibitions, innovative learning and play way method for the teachers and students, science activists, innovators, craftsmen, farmers, masons, physically challenged persons, common men, entrepreneurs and industrialists.

He is popularizing science through song, innovative demonstrations and motivational speech since 1990 in different parts of Odisha state without taking any fees.

Dr. Panda is an extreme motivational speaker in science and possess magical scientific demonstration and a crowd puller.

Innovator Mihir Kumar Panda loves nature and in his agricultural farm he does not uses the chemicals , fertilizers and pesticides. In his farm even the smallest creatures like snakes, caterpillar, white ants, worms ,vermies are in peace and are managed successfully not to do harm.

Dr. Panda is an Educationist, an environmentalist, a poet for science popularization, a good orator, a best resource person to train others in specific field of science and engineering.

The uniqueness of Simple Innovation and scientific activities and achievements ofDr. Panda can not be assessed without visiting his laboratory which is a living wonder in the realm of science.

From a small cake cutter to mechanical scissor, from a play pump to rickshaw operated food grain spreader and from a village refrigerator to a multi-purpose machine, thousands of such inventions and innovations are proof of Dr. Panda's brilliance.

From a tube well operated washing machine to weight sensitive food grain separator, from a password protected wardrobe to automatic screen, from a Dual face fan to electricity producing fan are example of few thousands of innovations and inventions of Mihir Kumar Panda.

Dr.Mihir Kumar Panda though bestowed to a popular name as Einstein of Odisha is obliviously treated as Thomas Alva Edison of India.

Dr. Panda's residential house also resembles a museum with scientific innovations of different shapes and sizes stacked in every nook and cranny which proves his scientific involvement in personal life.

Innovator Panda believes that , the best thing a child can do with a toy to break it. he also believes that by Educating child in his/her choice subject/ passion a progressive nation can be built.

The shelf made scientist Dr. Panda believes that Education is a life long process whose scope is far greater than school curriculum. The moulding of models/ innovations done by hand always better than the things heard and the facts incorporated in the books.

With no agricultural background, Dr. Panda has developed unique natural bonsai in his Vijnana Bana Ashram which also shows path for earning just by uprooting and nurturing the plants which are found to be small and thumb in nature.

Dr. Panda's Scientific Endeavour and research is no doubt praise worthy. One cannot but believe his dedicated effort in simple innovation laboratory.

Social service, innovation/ inventions, writing, free technology to students for preparation of science exhibition projects, free technology to common men for their sustainability, preparation of big natural bonsai, technology for entrepreneurs and industrialists for innovative item are few works of Mihir Kumar Panda after his Government service.

. To overcome the difficulties of science and math, explanation in classes, innovator Panda has created few thousands of educational, societal and scientific innovations which helps teachers and students of the country and abroad.

Dr. Panda believes that though inventions/innovation has reached under thousands and thousands deep in the sea and high up in the space. It has reached on moon and mars, but unfortunately the sustainable inventions/innovation has not properly gone to the tiny tots and common people.

Dr. Panda is amazing and wizard of innovations and works with a principle the real scientist is he, who sees the things simply and works high.

Dr.Mihir Kumar Panda's work can be explained in short

Sports with Science from Dawn to Dusk

Struggle some life- science in words and action

Triumphs of Science - Science at foot path

Hilarious dream in midst scarcity

A life of innovator de-avoided of Advertisement.

FELICITATIONS, AWARDS, HONOURS & RECORDS

* 200+ Felicitation and Awards from different NGOs, Schools & Colleges within the State of Odisha and National level.

* 10 Nos Gold, Silver & Bronze medal from different National & International level.

*Awarded for 10,000 innovations & 30,000 ideas by Indian Science Congress Association, Govt. of India.

* Honorary Ph.D From Nelson Mandela University, United States of America

* Honorary Ph.D From Global Peace University, United States of America& India

* Honorary D.Litt From Global Peace University, United States of America& India

* Title ‘Einstein of Odisha’ by Assam Book of Records, Assam

* Title ‘Thomas Alva Edison of India’ by Anandashree Organisation, Mumbai

* Title ‘ Einstein of Odisha & Thomas Alva Edison of India’ from Bengal Book of World record.

*World Record from OMG Book of Records

*World Record from Assam Book of Records,

* World Record from World Genius Records, Nigeria

* World Record from BengalBook of Records

* National Record from Diamond Book of Records

* World Record from Asian World Records

* World Record from Champians Book of World Records

* World Record from The British World Records

* World Record from Gems Book of World Records

* World Record from India Star World Record

* World Record from Geniuses World Records

* World Record from Royal Success International Book of Records

*World Record from Supreme World Records

* World Record from Uttarpradesh World Records

*World Record from Exclusive World Records

*World Record from international Book of Records

*World Record from Incredible Book of records

* World Record from Cholan Book of World Record

* World Record from Bravo International Book of World Record

* World Record from High Range Book of World Record

* World Record from Kalam’s World Record

* World Record from Hope international World Record

* International Honours from Nigeria

* Indian icon Award from Global Records & Research Foundation (G.R.R.F.)

* International Award from USA for the year’2019 as INNOVATOR OF THE YEAR-2019

* National level Excellence Leadership Award-2020 from Anandashree Organisation, Mumbai

* Best Practical Demonstrator & Theory instructor from Collector & District Magistrate,

Balasore.

* Best Innovator Award by Bengal Book.

* Popular Indian Award by Bengal Book.

* Great man Award by Bengal Book.

* Best Indian Award by Bengal Book.

* The Man of the Era by Bengal Book.

IMPORTANT LINK FILES TO KNOW THE WORK OF

Dr. MIHIR KUMAR PANDA

Dr.Mihir Ku panda awarded at indian science congress Association, Govt. of India for 10000 innovations & 30,000 ideas

youtu.be/MFIh2AoEy_g

Hindi Media report- Simple innovation science show for popularisation of science in free of cost by Dr.Mihir Ku Panda

youtu.be/gPbJyB8aE2s

Simple innovation science show for popularisation of science in free of cost in different parts of India By Dr.Mihirku Panda

www.youtube.com/user/mihirkumarpanda/videos?view=0&so...

Simple innovation laboratory at a Glance

MORE LINK FILES OF Dr MIHIR KUMAR PANDA

www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFIh2AoEy_g

www.youtube.com/channel/UCIksem1pJdDvK87ctJOlN1g

www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHEAPp8V5MI

www.youtube.com/watch?v=W43tAYO7wpQ

www.youtube.com/watch?v=me43aso--Xg

www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XEeZjBDnu4

www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPbJyB8aE2s

www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNIIJHdNo6M

www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPBdJpwYINI

www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBR-e-tFVyE

www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JjCnF7gqKA

www.youtube.com/watch?v=raq_ZtllYRg

cholanbookofworldrecords.com/dr-mihir-kumar-pandaph-d-lit...

www.linkedin.com/in/dr-mihir-kumar-panda-ph-d-d-litt-inno...

www.bhubaneswarbuzz.com/updates/education/inspiring-odish...

www.millenniumpost.in/features/kiit-hosts-isca-national-s...

www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFE6c-XZoh0

www.youtube.com/watch?v=WzZ0XaZpJqQ

www.dailymotion.com/video/x2no10i

www.exclusiveworldrecords.com/description.aspx?id=320

omgbooksofrecords.com/

royalsuccessinternationalbookofrecords.com/home.php

british-world-records.business.site/posts/236093666996870...

www.tes.com/lessons/QKpLNO0seGI8Zg/experiments-in-science

dadasahebphalkefilmfoundation.com/2020/02/17/excellent-le...

www.facebook.com/…/a.102622791195…/103547424435915/… yearsP0-IR6tvlSw70ddBY_ySrBDerjoHhG0izBJwIBlqfh7QH9Qdo74EnhihXw35Iz8u-VUEmY&__tn__=EHH-R

wwwchampions-book-of-world-records.business.site/?fbclid=...

www.videomuzik.biz/video/motivational-science-show-ortalk...

lb.vlip.lv/channel/ST3PYAvIAou1RcZ/tTEq34EKxoToRqOK.html

imglade.com/tag/grassrootsinventions

picnano.com/tags/UnstoppableINDIAN

www.viveos.net/rev/mihirs%2Btrue%2Bnature

m.facebook.com/story.php…

www.facebook.com/worldgeniusrec…/…/2631029263841682…

www.upbr.in/record-galle…/upcoming-genius-innovator/…

www.geniusesworldrecordsandaward.com/

www.upbr.in/record-galle…/upcoming-genius-innovator/…

m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=699422677473920&i...

www.facebook.com/internationalbookofrecords/

www.youtube.com/channel/UCBFJGiEx1Noba0x-NCWbwSg

www.youtube.com/watch?v=nL60GRF6avk

www.facebook.com/bengal.book.16/posts/122025902616062

www.facebook.com/bengal.book.16/posts/122877319197587

www.facebook.com/bengal.book.16/posts/119840549501264

supremebookofworldrecords.blogspot.com/…/welcome-to…

www.bravoworldrecords.com/

incrediblebookofrecords.in/index.php

www.highrangeworldrecords.com/

Cooperator Support by USFWS - Pacific Region

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The implementation of this prescribed burn could not have been completed without the support from our cooperators. A National Park Service firefighter from Whiskeytown National Recreation Area (NRA) is shown here during fire ignition. Photo credit: Ken Meinhart, USFWS.

Social Sectors Cluster briefs media on implementation of Medium Term Strategic Framework by GovernmentZA

Director-General Mathanzima Mweli leads media briefing on implementation progress of the Medium Term Strategic Framework (MTSF) 2014-2019 in the second quarter towards achieving the goals of the NDP: Vision 2030 [Photo: GCIS]

March With Midwives in Norwich 4 by Roger Blackwell

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THOUSANDS of midwives and their supporters protested in towns and cities across the UK at 2.00pm on Sunday to highlight the crisis in maternity services.

Rallies were held in London’s Parliament Square, Birmingham and Manchester and many other town and city centres in England, Scotland and Wales.

Elizabeth Duff tweeted: ‘#MarchwithMidwives 100s of midwives & supporters in Parliament Square today expressing frustration, grief, courage in crisis & above all togetherness. Mums, dads, birthing people, babies, children. Everyone’s been born: mostly with help of a midwife.’

The protests were organised by March with Midwives UK, which said in a statement: ‘It is clear that maternity services in the UK are in crisis.

‘Giving birth in the UK, a high-income country, is becoming critically unsafe. This is unacceptable.

‘Where we have women, birthing people and babies at risk; their families, communities and countries become sick.

‘This is a genuine national emergency which impacts every level of society.

‘We call on the UK government to implement urgent crisis management and resources.

‘Government promises are not being kept and the All Party Parliamentary Group for Maternity must take responsibility for their silence and call for immediate action.’

The group called on politicians:

to listen to all staff and service users and their advocates;

fund emergency retention of staff; enable all qualified midwives who are willing to work, and support students to enter training and finish their courses;

reduce demands on staff.

Giving its support to the protests, the Royal College of Midwives (RCM) warned that staff are exhausted after years of working in wards with ‘too few staff and inadequate resources.’

The RCM executive director for external relations, Jon Skewes, stressed that staff are ‘reaching the end of their tether’, resulting in more than half of all midwives looking to leave the profession.

Skewes said: ‘NHS Trusts and Boards have relied on the goodwill of staff, and their genuine love of what they do, to maintain services – but staff are reaching the end of their tether.

‘Last month, we published a survey that showed that 57% of midwives are looking to leave – and the biggest group among them are those who have only been working for five years or less.

‘The UK and national governments have to do more, not only to train and recruit new midwives into the NHS, but to retain the ones we have.

‘Staff are frankly exhausted, many feel like they have nothing left to give – and services are suffering as a result.

‘We’re grateful to March with Midwives for highlighting the work we have been doing to get politicians and policy makers to pay attention to this untenable situation.’

In Nottingham, dozens of supporters set off from Forest Recreation Ground at 2.00pm.

Organiser Chantelle Thornley, a community midwife in Nottinghamshire, said: ‘I have been a midwife for 25 years and it is the first time I have felt I need to act.

‘We work a 13-hour day.

‘Most of the time we barely have time to get a drink or go to the toilet.

‘We are expected to look after three to four labouring women at one time.

‘How can you give them your undivided attention?’

Katie Campion, an anti-natal educator, helped to organise the march of over a hundred in Leeds.

She said: ‘Midwives are stretched, they’re burnt out, they’re ready to leave and it’s about the safety of the birthing women, the parents and the midwives as well.

‘Physically and mentally they can’t cope with what they have to deal with at the moment and it’s about supporting them.’

One of the hundreds of participants demonstrating at College Green in Bristol, midwife Sophie Inman said: ‘You are part of this beautiful daily experience but it’s being tainted by the struggles of staffing in the country.

‘At the moment we are struggling every single day.

‘We’re turning up to work not knowing if there’s going to be enough of us.

‘It’s a national issue and I’m so proud to be a part of this nationwide movement to try and eradicate that.’

Katie Falvey, a 21-year-old final year student midwife from Essex studying in Wales, spoke out at the rally in Cardiff.

She said: ‘We need to make sure that the government and public are aware of the crisis we’re facing.’

On the march in Bangor, new mum Vikki Mill said that without support from her midwives, she or her daughter ‘simply wouldn’t be here today’.

She stressed: ‘My story is not unique. To give birth, you rely on midwives.

‘It’s a momentous time in someone’s life but you need medical trained professionals.’

The Association for Improvements in the Maternity Services (AIMS) charity, founded in 1960 by Sally Willington to support women and families to achieve the birth that they want, issued a statement earlier in November.

AIMS Statement concerning the nationwide March With Midwives vigils taking place on November 21st 2021

‘Times are incredibly tough across the maternity services in the UK at the moment.

‘AIMS would like to take this opportunity to thank every single member of the maternity staff teams across the UK, and all those who support them, for doing their best in the most difficult of circumstances.

‘As in many other areas of life, the Covid19 pandemic has shone a light on existing weaknesses in our maternity services as well as adding its own pressures.

‘Most immediately, the pandemic situation, in addition to the effects of Brexit, creates a staffing crisis that we desperately need to get through together.

‘We need well-supported maternity staff to be available to offer families the support they need, when and where they need it.

‘It’s not complicated, even if it seems particularly hard to achieve: well-supported staff are most likely to be able to support families well.

‘The March with Midwives vigils across the country this weekend will see service users standing in solidarity with maternity staff, and midwives in particular, to offer their moral support and to draw attention to the current crisis.

‘This mass action offers an important commentary on how important midwives are to families in every single area of the UK and how keenly the current crisis is being felt.

‘The intention of the vigils sits well with AIMS’ own longstanding call to action: as we frequently remind ourselves, it is better to light a candle than to curse the darkness.

‘As we know well in AIMS, raising awareness is the first step towards achieving change.

‘Urgent action is certainly needed to shore up what seems to be a maternity service that is losing staff at a catastrophic rate.

‘The range of issues that have led to the current situation with regard to midwifery staffing have been well-documented.

‘But this is not a new problem. For too long, we have seen poor retention levels in midwifery: this is a service that seems unable to support its own staff, including our precious newly-qualified members of staff, with frequent reports of bullying.

‘In England, this focus of the Better Births Report (2016), and an issue which the ongoing Maternity Transformation Programme has been working to address, with a particular focus on improving leadership within midwifery and the maternity services more generally.

‘AIMS continues to scrutinise the implementation progress of Better Births, in our role as “critical friend” and as a member of the Stakeholder Council.

‘So for AIMS, we remember today that we are in the midst of a Maternity Transformation Programme, which continues.

‘And we thank everyone participating in the vigils – including some of our Members and Volunteers – for reminding us why the work to improve the maternity services is so important. Together, we move forward.’

wrp.org.uk/features/midwives-rally-across-uk-to-highlight...

GA74 - Side Event - Solutions for Implementing Gender-Responsive Climate Action during Climate Action Summit 2019 – A Race We Can Win by UN Women

Solutions for Implementing Gender-Responsive Climate Action during Climate Action Summit 2019 – A Race We Can Win

This event will advocate for the integration of gender perspectives in climate action by showcasing on-the-ground and innovative climate change projects that put women at the centre of efforts. It will promote women's experiences, capabilities, and know-how concerning climate actions in moving to the implementation phase of the Paris Agreement and the SDGs. Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Executive Director of UN Women, and Teresa Ribero, Minister of Ecological Transition of Spain, will give the opening remarks, followed by a panel and an open round plenary session featuring speakers who will share transformative examples of gender-responsive climate actions. The event will close with remarks from Carlos Manuel Rodríguez, Minister of Environment and Energy of Costa Rica. Hosted by UN Women, UNSG Social and Political Drivers Coalition, Governments of Costa Rica, Spain and Peru

Held at United Nations Headquarters, Conference Room 2, on Sunday 22 September 2019.

Photo: UN Women/Ryan Brown

Surgeon's Implements by Julian Fong

GA74 - Side Event - Solutions for Implementing Gender-Responsive Climate Action during Climate Action Summit 2019 – A Race We Can Win by UN Women

Solutions for Implementing Gender-Responsive Climate Action during Climate Action Summit 2019 – A Race We Can Win

This event will advocate for the integration of gender perspectives in climate action by showcasing on-the-ground and innovative climate change projects that put women at the centre of efforts. It will promote women's experiences, capabilities, and know-how concerning climate actions in moving to the implementation phase of the Paris Agreement and the SDGs. Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Executive Director of UN Women, and Teresa Ribero, Minister of Ecological Transition of Spain, will give the opening remarks, followed by a panel and an open round plenary session featuring speakers who will share transformative examples of gender-responsive climate actions. The event will close with remarks from Carlos Manuel Rodríguez, Minister of Environment and Energy of Costa Rica. Hosted by UN Women, UNSG Social and Political Drivers Coalition, Governments of Costa Rica, Spain and Peru

Held at United Nations Headquarters, Conference Room 2, on Sunday 22 September 2019.

Photo: UN Women/Ryan Brown

_DSC5391 by Paul Pagé

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rusting farm implement on abandoned farm south of Orléans, Ontario

04-09-2014 - Reunião Alvorada Implementos Agrícolas by Simone Tebet

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A candidata ao Senado, Simone Tebet, participou de uma reunião alvorada implementos agrícolas, nesta quinta-feira 04 de setembro.

Fotos: Éder Gonçalves

antique farm tools by Randall Langenhoven

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Astronomical Implement by imagejon

GA74 - Side Event - Solutions for Implementing Gender-Responsive Climate Action during Climate Action Summit 2019 – A Race We Can Win by UN Women

Solutions for Implementing Gender-Responsive Climate Action during Climate Action Summit 2019 – A Race We Can Win

This event will advocate for the integration of gender perspectives in climate action by showcasing on-the-ground and innovative climate change projects that put women at the centre of efforts. It will promote women's experiences, capabilities, and know-how concerning climate actions in moving to the implementation phase of the Paris Agreement and the SDGs. Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Executive Director of UN Women, and Teresa Ribero, Minister of Ecological Transition of Spain, will give the opening remarks, followed by a panel and an open round plenary session featuring speakers who will share transformative examples of gender-responsive climate actions. The event will close with remarks from Carlos Manuel Rodríguez, Minister of Environment and Energy of Costa Rica. Hosted by UN Women, UNSG Social and Political Drivers Coalition, Governments of Costa Rica, Spain and Peru

Held at United Nations Headquarters, Conference Room 2, on Sunday 22 September 2019.

Photo: UN Women/Ryan Brown

GA74 - Side Event - Solutions for Implementing Gender-Responsive Climate Action during Climate Action Summit 2019 – A Race We Can Win by UN Women

Solutions for Implementing Gender-Responsive Climate Action during Climate Action Summit 2019 – A Race We Can Win

This event will advocate for the integration of gender perspectives in climate action by showcasing on-the-ground and innovative climate change projects that put women at the centre of efforts. It will promote women's experiences, capabilities, and know-how concerning climate actions in moving to the implementation phase of the Paris Agreement and the SDGs. Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Executive Director of UN Women, and Teresa Ribero, Minister of Ecological Transition of Spain, will give the opening remarks, followed by a panel and an open round plenary session featuring speakers who will share transformative examples of gender-responsive climate actions. The event will close with remarks from Carlos Manuel Rodríguez, Minister of Environment and Energy of Costa Rica. Hosted by UN Women, UNSG Social and Political Drivers Coalition, Governments of Costa Rica, Spain and Peru

Held at United Nations Headquarters, Conference Room 2, on Sunday 22 September 2019.

Photo: UN Women/Ryan Brown

GA74 - Side Event - Solutions for Implementing Gender-Responsive Climate Action during Climate Action Summit 2019 – A Race We Can Win by UN Women

Solutions for Implementing Gender-Responsive Climate Action during Climate Action Summit 2019 – A Race We Can Win

This event will advocate for the integration of gender perspectives in climate action by showcasing on-the-ground and innovative climate change projects that put women at the centre of efforts. It will promote women's experiences, capabilities, and know-how concerning climate actions in moving to the implementation phase of the Paris Agreement and the SDGs. Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Executive Director of UN Women, and Teresa Ribero, Minister of Ecological Transition of Spain, will give the opening remarks, followed by a panel and an open round plenary session featuring speakers who will share transformative examples of gender-responsive climate actions. The event will close with remarks from Carlos Manuel Rodríguez, Minister of Environment and Energy of Costa Rica. Hosted by UN Women, UNSG Social and Political Drivers Coalition, Governments of Costa Rica, Spain and Peru

Held at United Nations Headquarters, Conference Room 2, on Sunday 22 September 2019.

Photo: UN Women/Ryan Brown

GA74 - Side Event - Solutions for Implementing Gender-Responsive Climate Action during Climate Action Summit 2019 – A Race We Can Win by UN Women

Solutions for Implementing Gender-Responsive Climate Action during Climate Action Summit 2019 – A Race We Can Win

This event will advocate for the integration of gender perspectives in climate action by showcasing on-the-ground and innovative climate change projects that put women at the centre of efforts. It will promote women's experiences, capabilities, and know-how concerning climate actions in moving to the implementation phase of the Paris Agreement and the SDGs. Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Executive Director of UN Women, and Teresa Ribero, Minister of Ecological Transition of Spain, will give the opening remarks, followed by a panel and an open round plenary session featuring speakers who will share transformative examples of gender-responsive climate actions. The event will close with remarks from Carlos Manuel Rodríguez, Minister of Environment and Energy of Costa Rica. Hosted by UN Women, UNSG Social and Political Drivers Coalition, Governments of Costa Rica, Spain and Peru

Held at United Nations Headquarters, Conference Room 2, on Sunday 22 September 2019.

Photo: UN Women/Ryan Brown

GA74 - Side Event - Solutions for Implementing Gender-Responsive Climate Action during Climate Action Summit 2019 – A Race We Can Win by UN Women

Solutions for Implementing Gender-Responsive Climate Action during Climate Action Summit 2019 – A Race We Can Win

This event will advocate for the integration of gender perspectives in climate action by showcasing on-the-ground and innovative climate change projects that put women at the centre of efforts. It will promote women's experiences, capabilities, and know-how concerning climate actions in moving to the implementation phase of the Paris Agreement and the SDGs. Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Executive Director of UN Women, and Teresa Ribero, Minister of Ecological Transition of Spain, will give the opening remarks, followed by a panel and an open round plenary session featuring speakers who will share transformative examples of gender-responsive climate actions. The event will close with remarks from Carlos Manuel Rodríguez, Minister of Environment and Energy of Costa Rica. Hosted by UN Women, UNSG Social and Political Drivers Coalition, Governments of Costa Rica, Spain and Peru

Held at United Nations Headquarters, Conference Room 2, on Sunday 22 September 2019.

Photo: UN Women/Ryan Brown

OECD Forum 2015 -G20:Inclusiveness,Investement, Implementation by OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

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3 June 2015 - OECD Forum 2015 G20: Inclusiveness,Investement, Implementation.

OECD, Paris, France.

For more information, visit: www.oecd.org/Forum

Photo: OECD/Michael Dean

Mustafa Ismet Inonu Monument, Inonu - Sinta, Turkish Republic Of North Cyprus. by PHOTOGRAPHY by DM & DBM.

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Mustafa İsmet İnönü (Turkish pronunciation: [isˈmet ˈinœny]; 23 September 1886 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish army officer and statesman who served as the second president of Turkey from November 11, 1938, to May 22 1950, and as its prime minister three times: from 1923 to 1924, 1925 to 1937, and 1961 to 1965.

İnönü is acknowledged by many as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's right-hand man, with their friendship going back to the Caucasus campaign. In the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, he served as the first chief of the General Staff from 1922 to 1924 for the regular Turkish army, during which he commanded forces during the First and Second Battles of İnönü. Atatürk bestowed İsmet with the surname İnönü, the site of the battles, when the 1934 Surname Law was adopted. He was also chief negotiator in the Mudanya and Lausanne conferences for the Ankara government, successfully negotiating away the Sevre treaty for the Treaty of Lausanne. As his prime minister for most of his presidency, İnönü executed many of Atatürk's modernizing and nationalist reforms. İnönü gave the orders to carry out the Zilan Massacre.

İnönü succeeded Atatürk as president of Turkey after his death in 1938 and was granted the official title of Millî Şef ("National Chief" by the parliament. As president and chairman of the Republican People's Party (CHP), İnönü initially continued Turkey's one party state. Kemalist style programs continued to make great strides in education by supporting projects such as Village Institutes. His governments implemented notably heavy statist economic policies. The Hatay State was annexed in 1939, and Turkey was able to maintain an armed neutrality during World War II, joining the Allied powers only three months before the end of the European Theater. The Turkish Straits crisis prompted İnönü to build closer ties with the Western powers, with the country eventually joining NATO in 1952, though by then he was no longer president.

Factionalism between statists and liberals in the CHP led to the creation of the Democrat Party in 1946. İnönü held the first multiparty elections in the Republic's history that year, beginning Turkey's multiparty period. 1950 saw a peaceful transfer of power to the Democrats when the CHP suffered defeat in the elections. For ten years, İnönü served as the leader of the opposition before returning to power as prime minister following the 1961 election, held after the 1960 coup-d'état. The 1960s saw İnönü reinvent the CHP as a political party, which was "Left of Center" as a new party cadre led by Bülent Ecevit became more influential. İnönü remained leader of the CHP until 1972, when he was defeated by Ecevit in a leadership contest. He died on December 25, 1973, of a heart attack, at the age of 89. He is interred opposite to Atatürk's mausoleum at Anıtkabir in Ankara.

İsmet İnönü (born Mustafa İsmet) was born in 1886 in Smyrna (İzmir) in the Aidin Vilayet to Hacı Reşit and Cevriye (later Cevriye Temelli). Hacı Reşit was retired after serving as director of the First Examinant Department of the Legal Affairs Bureau of the War Ministry (Harbiye Nezareti Muhakemat Dairesi Birinci Mümeyyizliği). A member of the Kürümoğlu family of Bitlis, İnönü's father was born in Malatya. According to its members studying the ancestral background of the family, Kürümoğlus were of Turkish origin, while secondary sources refer to the family as of Kurdish descent. His mother was the daughter of Müderris Hasan Efendi, who belonged to the ulem and was a member of the Turkish family of Razgrad (present-day Bulgaria). In 1933 he visited Razgrad since the city's Turkish cemetery was attacked. İsmet was the family's second child; he had three brothers, including the family's first child, Ahmet Midhat, two younger brothers, Hasan Rıza and Hayri (Temelli), as well as a sister Seniha (Otakan). Due to his father's assignments, the family moved from one city to another.

İnönü completed his primary education in Sivas and graduated from Sivas Military Junior High School (Sivas Askerî Rüştiyesi) in 1894. He then studied at the Sivas School for Civil Servants (Sivas Mülkiye İdadisi) for a year. He graduated from the Imperial School of Military Engineering in 1904 as a lieutenant gunnery officer and entered the Military Academy to graduate as a first-rank staff captain on September 26, 1906. İnönü started his duty in the Second Army based in Adrianople (Edirne) on October 2, 1906, in the 3rd Battery Command of the 8th Field Artillery Regiment. As part of his platoon officer staff internship, he gave lessons in military strategy and artillery. Captain İsmet was also part of the Ottoman–Bulgarian commissions.

Through Ali Fethi (Okyar), he briefly joined the Committee of Union and Progress in 1907, which wished to overthrow Sultan Abdul Hamid II. During the 31 March Incident, he was on the staff of the Second Cavalry Division, which was mobilized to join the Action Army and marched on Constantinople (İstanbul) to depose Abdul Hamid II. Returning to Adrianople following the suppression of the mutiny, İnönü left the committee in the summer of 1909.

He won his first military victory by suppressing Imam Yahya Muhammad Hamiddin's revolt in Yemen. İsmet eventually became chief of staff of the force sent to suppress the rebellion and personally negotiated with Imam Yahya in Kaffet-ül-Uzer to bring Yemen back into the empire. For this, he was promoted to the rank of major. He returned to Constantinople in March 1913 to defend the capital from Bulgarian attack during the First Balkan War. İnönü was part of the Turkish delegation that negotiated the Treaty of Constantinople with the Bulgarians as a military adviser. He held a close relationship with Enver Pasha and played an active role in the reformation of the army.

İnönü began climbing the ranks during World War I, becoming lieutenant colonel on November 29, 1914, and then being appointed as the First Branch Manager of the General Headquarters on December 2. He was appointed chief of staff of the Second Army on October 9, 1915, and was promoted to the rank of colonel on December 14 December 1915.

Inönü married Emine Mevhibe Hanim on April 13, 1917, when he was 31 and she was only 20 (for she was more than ten years his junior whilst he was more than ten years her senior), three weeks before he left for the front to return home only after the conclusion of the Armistice of Mudros on October 30, 1918.[13] Of which she later bore his three sons and one daughter. He began working with Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) Pasha as a corps commander on the Caucasian Front. İnönü was appointed to the IV Corps Command on January 12, 1917, upon the recommendation of Atatürk. He was recalled to Constantinople after a while and returned to take part as a corps commander of the Seventh Army. On May 1, he was appointed to command XX Corps on the Palestine Front, and then III Corps on June 20. He once again came into contact with Atatürk when he assumed command of the Seventh Army. İnönü's forces received the brunt of Edmond Allenby's attack on Beersheba that ended the stalemate on the Sinai front. He was wounded in the Battle of Megiddo and was sent back to Constantinople, where he held various administrative positions in the War Ministry during the armistice period.

After the military occupation of Constantinople on March 16, 1920, İnönü decided to escape to Anatolia to join the Ankara government. He and his chief of staff, Major Saffet (Arıkan) escaped Maltepe in the evening of March 19 and arrived in Ankara on April 9. He joined the Grand National Assembly (GNA), which was opened on April 23, 1920, as a deputy of Edirne. Like many others in the Turkish National Movement, he was sentenced to death in absentia by the Ottoman government on June 6, 1920. In May 1920, he was appointed chief of the general staff. The next year, he was appointed commander of the Western Front of the Army of the GNA, a position in which he remained during the Turkish War of Independence. He was promoted to the rank of Mirliva (to that extent, Pasha) after winning the First and Second Battle of İnönü. When the 1934 Surname Law was adopted Atatürk bestowed İsmet Pasha with the surname İnönü, where the battles took place.

İnönü was replaced by Mustafa Fevzi Pasha (Çakmak), who was also the prime minister and minister of defense at the time, as the chief of staff after the Turkish forces lost major battles against the advancing Greek Army in July 1921, as a result of which the cities of Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya and Eskişehir were temporarily lost. During the war, İnönü's infant son İzzet died before his victory in Sakarya and this news was only delivered to him in the spring of 1922. His wife, Emine Mevhibe hid the news and the severity of his son's sickness due to the intensity of the war. He participated as a staff officer (with the rank Brigadier General) in the later battles, including Dumlupınar.

Chief negotiator in Mudanya and Lausanne

See also: Armistice of Mudanya and Treaty of Lausanne

After the War of Independence was won, İnönü was appointed as the chief negotiator of the Turkish delegation, both for the Armistice of Mudanya and for the Treaty of Lausanne.

The Lausanne conference convened in late 1922 to settle the terms of a new treaty that would take the place of the Treaty of Sèvres. İnönü became famous for his stubborn resolve in determining the position of Ankara as the legitimate, sovereign government of Turkey. After delivering his position, İsmet turned off his hearing aid during the speeches of British foreign secretary Lord Curzon. When Curzon had finished, İnönü reiterated his position as if Curzon had never said a word.

İsmet İnönü served as the prime minister of Turkey throughout Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's presidency, stepping down as prime minister for three months during Fethi Okyar's premiership and in the last year of Atatürk's presidency when he was replaced by Celal Bayar. İnönü therefore helped to execute most of Atatürk's reformist programs. It was his suggestion to make Ankara the capital of Turkey, which was approved by the parliament. İnönü was also an important factor in the proclamation of the Republic and the abolition of the Caliphate and Evkaf Ministry. He resigned from the premiership for health reasons on November 22, 1924 for Fethi Okyar, but since Okyar lost a vote of confidence from parliament due to the Sheikh Said rebellion, İnönü returned to the prime ministry.

İnönü immediately banned all opposition parties (including the Progressive Republican Party) and the press. Independence Tribunals were reestablished to prosecute the Kurdish rebels. In 1926, it allegedly came out that former members of the CUP attempted to assassinate Atatürk in the İzmir plot, which resulted in the remaining CUP leaders being executed. İnönü retired his military command in 1927.

While dealing with the Sheikh Said revolt, İnönü proclaimed a Turkish nationalist policy and encouraged the Turkification of the non-Turkish population. Following the suppression of the Sheikh Said rebellion, he presided over the Reform Council for the East, which prepared the Report for Reform in the East, which recommended impede the establishment of a Kurdish elite, forbid non-Turkish languages, and create regional administrative units called Inspectorates-General, which were to be governed by martial law. He stated the following in regards to the Kurds; "We're frankly nationalists, and nationalism is our only factor of cohesion. Before the Turkish majority, other elements had no kind of influence. At any price, we must turkify the inhabitants of our land, and we will annihilate those who oppose." Following this report, three Inspectorates-General were established in the Kurdish areas, which comprise several provinces. On the direct order of İnönü, the Zilan massacre of thousands of Kurdish civilians was perpetrated by the Turkish Land Forces in the Zilan Valley of Van Province on July 12 and 13, 1930, during the Ararat rebellion. Nation building was codified into law when a new settlement regime was enacted in 1934, resettling Albanians, Abkhazians, Circassians, and Kurds in new areas in order to create a homogeneous Turkish state.

İnönü was responsible for most of the reformist legislation promulgated during Turkey's one party period. The Hat Law and the closure of Dervish lodges were enacted in 1925; in 1928, the Turkish alphabet switched to being written with Latin characters, and in 1934, titles such as Efendi, Bey, and Pasha were abolished; and certain articles of religious clothing were banned, though İnönü was and still is popularly known as İsmet Pasha. 1934 was also the year that the Surname Law was adopted, with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk bestowing İsmet with the surname İnönü, the location where İsmet won the battles against the Greek army in 1921. He was also a proponent of replacing foreign loan words with "Pure Turkish" words.

İnönü managed the economy with heavy-handed government intervention, especially during the Great Depression, by implementing an economic plan inspired by the Five Year Plan of the Soviet Union. In doing so, he took much private property under government control. Due to his efforts, to this day, more than 70% of land in Turkey is still owned by the state.

Desiring a more liberal economic system, Atatürk dissolved the government of İnönü in 1937 and appointed Celâl Bayar, the founder of the first Turkish commercial bank, Türkiye İş Bankası, as prime minister, thus beginning a decades long rivalry between Bayar and İnönü.

After the death of Atatürk on November 10, 1938, İnönü was viewed as the most appropriate candidate to succeed him and was unanimously elected the second president of the Republic of Turkey and leader of the Republican People's Party (CHP). He attempted to build himself a cult of personality by receiving the official title of Millî Şef, i.e., "National Chief".

One of his first actions was to annex in 1939 the Hatay State, which declared independence from French Syria. İnönü also wished to move on from one-party rule by taking incremental steps to multiparty politics. He hoped to accomplish this by establishing the Independent Group as a force of opposition in the parliament, but they fell short of expectations under wartime conditions. İnönü dismissed Bayar's government because of differences between the two on economic policy in 1939. İnönü was an avowed statist, while Bayar wished for a more liberal economy. Turkey's early industrialization accelerated under İnönü but the onset of World War II disrupted economic growth.

Much reform in education was accomplished during İnönü's presidency through the efforts of Hasan Âli Yücel, who was minister of education throughout İnönü's governments. 1940 saw the establishment of the Village Institutes, in which well-performing students from the country were selected to train as teachers and return to their hometown to run community development programs.

World War II broke out in the first year of his presidency, and both the Allies and the Axis pressured İnönü to bring Turkey into the war on their side. The Germans sent Franz von Papen to Ankara in April 1939, while the British sent Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen and the French René Massigli. On April 23, 1939, Turkish Foreign Minister Şükrü Saracoğlu told Knatchbull-Hugessen of his nation's fears of Italian claims to the Mediterranean as Mare Nostrum and German control of the Balkans and suggested an Anglo-Soviet-Turkish alliance as the best way of countering the Axis. In May 1939, during the visit of Maxime Weygand to Turkey, İnönü told the French Ambassador René Massigli that he believed that the best way of stopping Germany was an alliance of Turkey, the Soviet Union, France and Britain; that if such an alliance came into being, the Turks would allow Soviet ground and air forces onto their soil; and that he wanted a major programme of French military aid to modernize the Turkish armed forces.

The signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact on August 23, 1939, drew Turkey away from the Allies; the Turks always believed that it was essential to have the Soviet Union as an ally to counter Germany, and thus the signing of the German-Soviet pact undercut completely the assumptions behind Turkish security policy. With the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, İnönü chose to be neutral in World War II as taking on Germany and the Soviet Union at the same time would be too much for Turkey, though he signed a tripartite treaty of alliance with Britain and France on October 19, 1939, obligating Turkey's entry into the war if fighting spread to the Mediterranean. However, with France's defeat in June 1940 İnönü abandoned the pro-Allied neutrality that he had followed since the beginning of the war. A major embarrassment for the Turks occurred in July 1940 when the Germans captured and published documents from the Quai d'Orsay in Paris showing the Turks were aware of Operation Pike—as the Anglo-French plan in the winter of 1939–40 to bomb the oil fields in the Soviet Union from Turkey was codenamed—which was intended by Berlin to worsen relations between Ankara and Moscow. In turn, worsening relations between the Soviet Union and Turkey were intended to drive Turkey into the arms of the Reich. After the publication of the French documents relating to Operation Pike, İnönü pulled out of the tripartide pact signed with Britain and France and signed the German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship and the Clodius Agreement, which placed Turkey within the German economic sphere of influence, but İnönü went no further towards the Axis.

In the first half of 1941, Germany, which was intent on invading the Soviet Union, went out of its way to improve relations with Turkey as the Reich hoped for benevolent Turkish neutrality when the German-Soviet war began. At the same time, the British had great hopes in the spring of 1941 when they dispatched an expeditionary force to Greece that İnönü could be persuaded to enter the war on the Allied side as the British leadership had high hopes of creating a Balkan front that would tie down German forces, which thus led to a major British diplomatic offensive with Foreign Secretary Sir Anthony Eden visiting Ankara several times to meet with İnönü. İnönü always told Eden that the Turks would not join the British forces in Greece, and the Turks would only enter the war if Germany attacked Turkey. For his part, Papen offered İnönü parts of Greece if Turkey were to enter the war on the Axis side, an offer İnönü declined. In May 1941 when the Germans dispatched an expeditionary force to Iraq to fight against the British, İnönü refused Papen's request that the German forces be allowed transit rights to Iraq. Another attempt by Hitler to woo Turkey came in February 1943, when Talaat Pasha's remains were returned to Turkey for a state burial.

Internal opposition to Turkish neutrality came from ultra-nationalist circles and factions of the military that wished to incorporate the Turkic-populated areas of the Soviet Union by allying with Germany. This almost erupted into a coup d'état against the government. Leading pan-Turkists including Alparslan Türkeş, Nihal Atsız, and Şaik Gökyay were arrested and sentenced time in prison in the Racism-Turanism trials.

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill traveled to Ankara in January 1943 for a conference with President İnönu to urge Turkey's entry into the war on the allied side. Churchill met secretly with İnönü inside a railroad car at the Yenice Station near Adana. By 4–6 December 1943, İnönü felt confident enough about the outcome of the war that he met openly with Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill at the Second Cairo Conference. Until 1941, both Roosevelt and Churchill thought that Turkey's continued neutrality would serve the interests of the Allies by blocking the Axis from reaching the strategic oil reserves of the Middle East. But the early victories of the Axis up to the end of 1942 caused Roosevelt and Churchill to re-evaluate possible Turkish participation in the war on the side of the Allies. Turkey had maintained a decently-sized army and air force throughout the war, and Churchill wanted the Turks to open a new front in the Balkans. Roosevelt, on the other hand, still believed that a Turkish attack would be too risky and an eventual Turkish failure would have disastrous effects for the Allies.

İnönü knew very well the hardships that his country had suffered during decades of incessant war between 1908 and 1922 and was determined to keep Turkey out of another war as long as he could. The young Turkish Republic was still re-building, recovering from the losses due to earlier wars, and lacked any modern weapons and the infrastructure to enter a war to be fought along and possibly within its borders. İnönü based his neutrality policy during the Second World War on the premise that Western Allies and the Soviet Union would sooner or later have a falling out after the war. Thus, İnönu wanted assurances on financial and military aid for Turkey, as well as a guarantee that the United States and the United Kingdom would stand beside Turkey in the event of a Soviet invasion of the Turkish Straits after the war. In August 1944, İnönü broke off diplomatic relations with Germany, and on January 5, 1945, İnönü severed diplomatic relations with Japan. Shortly afterwards, İnönü allowed Allied shipping to use the Turkish Straits to send supplies to the Soviet Union, and on February 25, 1945, he declared war on Germany and Japan. For this Turkey became a founding member of the United Nations.

The post-war tensions and arguments surrounding the Turkish Straits would come to be known as the Turkish Straits crisis. The fear of Soviet invasion and Joseph Stalin's unconcealed desire for Soviet military bases in the Turkish Straits eventually caused Turkey to give up its principle of neutrality in foreign relations and join NATO in February 1952.

Domestic policy

Maintaining an armed neutrality proved to be disruptive for the young republic. The country existed in a practical state of war throughout the Second World War: military production was prioritized at the expense of peacetime goods, rationing and curfews were implemented, and high taxes were put in place, causing severe economic hardship for many. One such tax was the Wealth Tax (Varlık Vergisi), a discriminatory tax that demanded very high one-time payments from Turkey's non-Muslim minorities. This tax is seen by many to be a continuation of the Jizya tax paid by dhimmis during Ottoman times, or Millî İktisat (National Economy) economic policy implemented by the Committee of Union and Progress regime three decades ago. It was only repealed in 1944 under American and British pressure.

A famous story of İnönü happened in a meeting in Bursa for the 1969 general elections. A young man yelled at him, "You let us go without food!" İnönü replied to him by saying, "Yes, I let you go without food, but I did not let you become fatherless," implying the death of millions of people from both sides of World War II.

For the Kemalists there was always a desire for Turkey to develop into a democracy. Before the Independent Group, Atatürk experimented with opposition through the Liberal Republican Party, which lasted three months before it had to be shut down when reactionaries threatened to hijack the party. In an opening speech to the Grand National Assembly on November 1, 1945, İnönü openly expressed the country's need for an opposition party. He welcomed Celal Bayar establishing the Democrat Party (DP), which separated from the CHP. However, due to the anti-Communist hysteria brought on by the new Soviet threat, new leftist parties were swiftly banned, and rural development initiatives such as the Village Institutes and People's Rooms were closed. Even with such pressure on the left, İnönü established the Ministry of Labour in 1945 and signed into law important protections for workers. Universities were given autonomy, and İnönü's title of "unchangeable chairman" of CHP was abolished.

İnönü allowed for Turkey's first multiparty elections to be held in 1946; however, the elections were infamously not free and fair; voting was carried out under the gaze of onlookers who could determine which voters had voted for which parties, and secrecy prevailed as to the subsequent counting of votes. Instead of inviting Şükrü Saraçoğlu to form another government, he assigned CHP hardliner Recep Peker to the task, who contributed to a polarizing atmosphere in the parliament. İnönü had to act as a mediator several times between Peker and Bayar, who threatened to have the DP walk from parliament if they didn't have some of their demands met, such as ensuring judicial review, secret ballots, and public counting for elections. On 12 July 1947 İsmet İnönü gave a speech broadcast on radio and in newspapers that he would stand equal distance from the government and opposition, prompting Peker's resignation.

Free and fair national elections had to wait until 1950, and on that occasion, İnönü's government was defeated. In the 1950 election campaign, the leading figures of the Democrat Party used the slogan "Geldi İsmet, kesildi kısmet" ("İsmet arrived, [our] fortune left"). CHP lost the election with 41% of the vote against DP's 55%, but due to the winner-takes-all electoral system, DP received 85% of the seats in parliament. İnönü presided over the peaceful transfer of power to the DP leaders, Bayar and Adnan Menderes. Bayar would serve as Turkey's third president, and Menderes would be its first prime minister not from the CHP.

For ten years, İnönü served as the leader of the opposition. In opposition, the CHP established its youth and women's branches. On June 22 June 1953, the establishment of trade unions and vocational chambers was proposed, and the right to strike for workers was added to the party program. The CHP formed an electoral alliance with the Republican Nation Party and Liberty party for the 1957 election, which was blocked by the DP government.

In the lead-up to the elections prepared for 1960, İnönü and CHP members faced regular harassment from the authorities and DP supporters, to the point where he was almost lynched several times. In 1958, the DP mayor of Zile declared martial law and mobilized the gendarmerie to prevent İnönü from conducting a rally in the city; a similar event happened in the city of Çankırı. In 1959, İnönü began a campaign tour that followed the same path he took thirty years ago as a Pasha from Uşak to İzmir and ended in victory for the Turkish nationalists. The DP minister of interior refused to promise protection to him. In Uşak, a crowd blocked İnönü from going to his podium, and he was hit in the head with a stone. Following his "Great Offensive," he flew to Istanbul, where he was almost lynched by a DP-organized mob on the way to Topkapı Palace. He was also banned from speaking in rallies in Kayseri and Yeşilhisar.

İnönü was banned from 12 sessions of parliament. This coincided an authoritarian turn of the Democrat Party, which culminated in a military coup.

The Turkish Armed Forces overthrew the government as a result of the military coup on 27 May 1960. After one year of junta rule in which the Democrat Party was banned and its top leaders executed in the Yassıada Trials, elections were held once the military returned to their barracks. İnönü returned to power as Prime Minister after the 1961 election, in which the CHP won the election. Right-wing parties have since continuously attacked İnönü and the CHP for their perceived involvement in the hanging of Prime minister Menderes, even though İnönü advocated for Menderes' pardoning.

İnönü's governments were defined by an effort to deescalate tensions between radical forces in the Turkish army wishing for extended junta rule and former Democrats that wished for amnesty. İnönü's CHP did not gain enough seats in the legislature to win a majority in the elections, so in an effort to create reconciliation, he formed coalition governments with the neo-Democrat Justice Party the New Turkey Party and the Republican Villagers Nation Party until 1965. Forming coalitions with DP successor parties, however, provoked radical officers into action. Colonel Talat Aydemir twice attempted to overthrow the government in 1962 and 1963 Turkish coup d'etat attempt. Aydemir was later executed for conducting both coups. Aydemir's 1962 coup had the most potential to succeed when İnönü, President Cemal Gürsel and Chief of Staff Cevdet Sunay were held up in Çankaya Mansion by the putschists. Aydemir decided to let the group go, which foiled the coup.

While in coalition with the far-right Republican Villagers Nation Party, İnönü renounced the Greco-Turkish Treaty of Friendship of 1930 and took actions against the Greek minority. The Turkish government also strictly enforced a long-overlooked law barring Greek nationals from 30 professions and occupations; for example, Greeks could not be doctors, nurses, architects, shoemakers, tailors, plumbers, cabaret singers, ironsmiths, cooks, tourist guides, etc., and 50,000 more Greeks were deported. These actions were taken because of the growing anti-Greek sentiment in Turkey after the ethnic conflict in Cyprus flared up again. With an invasion of the island imminent, American President Lyndon Johnson sent a memorandum to İnönü, effectively vetoing Turkish intervention. A subsequent meeting at the White House between İnönü and Johnson on June 22, 1964, meant Cyprus' status quo continued for another ten years. An event a couple years earlier also strained the otherwise amicable relationship İnönü held with Washington, namely the withdrawal of the nuclear-armed PGM-19 Jupiter MRBMs briefly stationed in Turkey, which was undertaken in the aftermath of the Cuban Missile Crisis. While Washington withdrew the MRBMs, some B61 nuclear bombs are still stored in İncirlik Air Base.

İnönü's governments established the National Security Council, Turkish Statistical Institute, and Turkey's leading research institute, TÜBİTAK. Turkey signed the Ankara agreement, the first treaty of cooperation with the European Economic Community, and also increased ties with Iran and Pakistan. The army was modernized, and the National Intelligence Organization was founded. İnönü was instrumental in establishing CHP as "Left of Center" on the political spectrum as a new left-wing party cadre led by his protégé Bülent Ecevit became more influential. İnönü survived an assassination attempt from a Menderes supporter in 1964.

İnönü returned to the opposition after losing both the 1965 and 1969 general elections to a much younger man, Justice Party leader Süleyman Demirel. He remained leader of the CHP until 1972, when an interparty crisis over his endorsement of the 1971 military memorandum led to his defeat by Ecevit in the 5th extraordinary CHP convention. This was the first overthrow of a party leader in a leadership contest in the Republic's history. İnönü left his party and resigned his parliamentarianship afterward. Being a former president he was a member of the Senate in the last year of his life.

On December 25, 1973, İsmet İnönü died of a heart attack at the age of 87. The parliament declared national mourning until his burial. He was interred at Anıtkabir opposite Atatürk's mausoleum, on December 28. Following the 1980 coup, Kenan Evren transferred twelve graves from Anıtkabir, but kept İnönü's in place. İnönü's tomb took its present shape in January 1997.

Sinta (Greek: Σίντα; Turkish: İnönü or Sinde) is a village in the Famagusta District of Cyprus. It is under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus. The village was recorded as early as the early 13th century in papal documents.

Northern Cyprus, officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), is a de facto state that comprises the northeastern portion of the island of Cyprus. It is recognised only by Turkey, and its territory is considered by all other states to be part of the Republic of Cyprus.

Northern Cyprus extends from the tip of the Karpass Peninsula in the northeast to Morphou Bay, Cape Kormakitis and its westernmost point, the Kokkina exclave in the west. Its southernmost point is the village of Louroujina. A buffer zone under the control of the United Nations stretches between Northern Cyprus and the rest of the island and divides Nicosia, the island's largest city and capital of both sides.

A coup d'état in 1974, performed as part of an attempt to annex the island to Greece, prompted the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. This resulted in the eviction of much of the north's Greek Cypriot population, the flight of Turkish Cypriots from the south, and the partitioning of the island, leading to a unilateral declaration of independence by the north in 1983. Due to its lack of recognition, Northern Cyprus is heavily dependent on Turkey for economic, political and military support.

Attempts to reach a solution to the Cyprus dispute have been unsuccessful. The Turkish Army maintains a large force in Northern Cyprus with the support and approval of the TRNC government, while the Republic of Cyprus, the European Union as a whole, and the international community regard it as an occupation force. This military presence has been denounced in several United Nations Security Council resolutions.

Northern Cyprus is a semi-presidential, democratic republic with a cultural heritage incorporating various influences and an economy that is dominated by the services sector. The economy has seen growth through the 2000s and 2010s, with the GNP per capita more than tripling in the 2000s, but is held back by an international embargo due to the official closure of the ports in Northern Cyprus by the Republic of Cyprus. The official language is Turkish, with a distinct local dialect being spoken. The vast majority of the population consists of Sunni Muslims, while religious attitudes are mostly moderate and secular. Northern Cyprus is an observer state of ECO and OIC under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", PACE under the name "Turkish Cypriot Community", and Organization of Turkic States with its own name.

Several distinct periods of Cypriot intercommunal violence involving the two main ethnic communities, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, marked mid-20th century Cyprus. These included the Cyprus Emergency of 1955–59 during British rule, the post-independence Cyprus crisis of 1963–64, and the Cyprus crisis of 1967. Hostilities culminated in the 1974 de facto division of the island along the Green Line following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. The region has been relatively peaceful since then, but the Cyprus dispute has continued, with various attempts to solve it diplomatically having been generally unsuccessful.

Cyprus, an island lying in the eastern Mediterranean, hosted a population of Greeks and Turks (four-fifths and one-fifth, respectively), who lived under British rule in the late nineteenth-century and the first half of the twentieth-century. Christian Orthodox Church of Cyprus played a prominent political role among the Greek Cypriot community, a privilege that it acquired during the Ottoman Empire with the employment of the millet system, which gave the archbishop an unofficial ethnarch status.

The repeated rejections by the British of Greek Cypriot demands for enosis, union with Greece, led to armed resistance, organised by the National Organization of Cypriot Struggle, or EOKA. EOKA, led by the Greek-Cypriot commander George Grivas, systematically targeted British colonial authorities. One of the effects of EOKA's campaign was to alter the Turkish position from demanding full reincorporation into Turkey to a demand for taksim (partition). EOKA's mission and activities caused a "Cretan syndrome" (see Turkish Resistance Organisation) within the Turkish Cypriot community, as its members feared that they would be forced to leave the island in such a case as had been the case with Cretan Turks. As such, they preferred the continuation of British colonial rule and then taksim, the division of the island. Due to the Turkish Cypriots' support for the British, EOKA's leader, Georgios Grivas, declared them to be enemies. The fact that the Turks were a minority was, according to Nihat Erim, to be addressed by the transfer of thousands of Turks from mainland Turkey so that Greek Cypriots would cease to be the majority. When Erim visited Cyprus as the Turkish representative, he was advised by Field Marshal Sir John Harding, the then Governor of Cyprus, that Turkey should send educated Turks to settle in Cyprus.

Turkey actively promoted the idea that on the island of Cyprus two distinctive communities existed, and sidestepped its former claim that "the people of Cyprus were all Turkish subjects". In doing so, Turkey's aim to have self-determination of two to-be equal communities in effect led to de jure partition of the island.[citation needed] This could be justified to the international community against the will of the majority Greek population of the island. Dr. Fazil Küçük in 1954 had already proposed Cyprus be divided in two at the 35° parallel.

Lindley Dan, from Notre Dame University, spotted the roots of intercommunal violence to different visions among the two communities of Cyprus (enosis for Greek Cypriots, taksim for Turkish Cypriots). Also, Lindlay wrote that "the merging of church, schools/education, and politics in divisive and nationalistic ways" had played a crucial role in creation of havoc in Cyprus' history. Attalides Michael also pointed to the opposing nationalisms as the cause of the Cyprus problem.

By the mid-1950's, the "Cyprus is Turkish" party, movement, and slogan gained force in both Cyprus and Turkey. In a 1954 editorial, Turkish Cypriot leader Dr. Fazil Kuchuk expressed the sentiment that the Turkish youth had grown up with the idea that "as soon as Great Britain leaves the island, it will be taken over by the Turks", and that "Turkey cannot tolerate otherwise". This perspective contributed to the willingness of Turkish Cypriots to align themselves with the British, who started recruiting Turkish Cypriots into the police force that patrolled Cyprus to fight EOKA, a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that sought to rid the island of British rule.

EOKA targeted colonial authorities, including police, but Georgios Grivas, the leader of EOKA, did not initially wish to open up a new front by fighting Turkish Cypriots and reassured them that EOKA would not harm their people. In 1956, some Turkish Cypriot policemen were killed by EOKA members and this provoked some intercommunal violence in the spring and summer, but these attacks on policemen were not motivated by the fact that they were Turkish Cypriots.

However, in January 1957, Grivas changed his policy as his forces in the mountains became increasingly pressured by the British Crown forces. In order to divert the attention of the Crown forces, EOKA members started to target Turkish Cypriot policemen intentionally in the towns, so that Turkish Cypriots would riot against the Greek Cypriots and the security forces would have to be diverted to the towns to restore order. The killing of a Turkish Cypriot policeman on 19 January, when a power station was bombed, and the injury of three others, provoked three days of intercommunal violence in Nicosia. The two communities targeted each other in reprisals, at least one Greek Cypriot was killed and the British Army was deployed in the streets. Greek Cypriot stores were burned and their neighbourhoods attacked. Following the events, the Greek Cypriot leadership spread the propaganda that the riots had merely been an act of Turkish Cypriot aggression. Such events created chaos and drove the communities apart both in Cyprus and in Turkey.

On 22 October 1957 Sir Hugh Mackintosh Foot replaced Sir John Harding as the British Governor of Cyprus. Foot suggested five to seven years of self-government before any final decision. His plan rejected both enosis and taksim. The Turkish Cypriot response to this plan was a series of anti-British demonstrations in Nicosia on 27 and 28 January 1958 rejecting the proposed plan because the plan did not include partition. The British then withdrew the plan.

In 1957, Black Gang, a Turkish Cypriot pro-taksim paramilitary organisation, was formed to patrol a Turkish Cypriot enclave, the Tahtakale district of Nicosia, against activities of EOKA. The organisation later attempted to grow into a national scale, but failed to gain public support.

By 1958, signs of dissatisfaction with the British increased on both sides, with a group of Turkish Cypriots forming Volkan (later renamed to the Turkish Resistance Organisation) paramilitary group to promote partition and the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as dictated by the Menderes plan. Volkan initially consisted of roughly 100 members, with the stated aim of raising awareness in Turkey of the Cyprus issue and courting military training and support for Turkish Cypriot fighters from the Turkish government.

In June 1958, the British Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, was expected to propose a plan to resolve the Cyprus issue. In light of the new development, the Turks rioted in Nicosia to promote the idea that Greek and Turkish Cypriots could not live together and therefore any plan that did not include partition would not be viable. This violence was soon followed by bombing, Greek Cypriot deaths and looting of Greek Cypriot-owned shops and houses. Greek and Turkish Cypriots started to flee mixed population villages where they were a minority in search of safety. This was effectively the beginning of the segregation of the two communities. On 7 June 1958, a bomb exploded at the entrance of the Turkish Embassy in Cyprus. Following the bombing, Turkish Cypriots looted Greek Cypriot properties. On 26 June 1984, the Turkish Cypriot leader, Rauf Denktaş, admitted on British channel ITV that the bomb was placed by the Turks themselves in order to create tension. On 9 January 1995, Rauf Denktaş repeated his claim to the famous Turkish newspaper Milliyet in Turkey.

The crisis reached a climax on 12 June 1958, when eight Greeks, out of an armed group of thirty five arrested by soldiers of the Royal Horse Guards on suspicion of preparing an attack on the Turkish quarter of Skylloura, were killed in a suspected attack by Turkish Cypriot locals, near the village of Geunyeli, having been ordered to walk back to their village of Kondemenos.

After the EOKA campaign had begun, the British government successfully began to turn the Cyprus issue from a British colonial problem into a Greek-Turkish issue. British diplomacy exerted backstage influence on the Adnan Menderes government, with the aim of making Turkey active in Cyprus. For the British, the attempt had a twofold objective. The EOKA campaign would be silenced as quickly as possible, and Turkish Cypriots would not side with Greek Cypriots against the British colonial claims over the island, which would thus remain under the British. The Turkish Cypriot leadership visited Menderes to discuss the Cyprus issue. When asked how the Turkish Cypriots should respond to the Greek Cypriot claim of enosis, Menderes replied: "You should go to the British foreign minister and request the status quo be prolonged, Cyprus to remain as a British colony". When the Turkish Cypriots visited the British Foreign Secretary and requested for Cyprus to remain a colony, he replied: "You should not be asking for colonialism at this day and age, you should be asking for Cyprus be returned to Turkey, its former owner".

As Turkish Cypriots began to look to Turkey for protection, Greek Cypriots soon understood that enosis was extremely unlikely. The Greek Cypriot leader, Archbishop Makarios III, now set independence for the island as his objective.

Britain resolved to solve the dispute by creating an independent Cyprus. In 1959, all involved parties signed the Zurich Agreements: Britain, Turkey, Greece, and the Greek and Turkish Cypriot leaders, Makarios and Dr. Fazil Kucuk, respectively. The new constitution drew heavily on the ethnic composition of the island. The President would be a Greek Cypriot, and the Vice-President a Turkish Cypriot with an equal veto. The contribution to the public service would be set at a ratio of 70:30, and the Supreme Court would consist of an equal number of judges from both communities as well as an independent judge who was not Greek, Turkish or British. The Zurich Agreements were supplemented by a number of treaties. The Treaty of Guarantee stated that secession or union with any state was forbidden, and that Greece, Turkey and Britain would be given guarantor status to intervene if that was violated. The Treaty of Alliance allowed for two small Greek and Turkish military contingents to be stationed on the island, and the Treaty of Establishment gave Britain sovereignty over two bases in Akrotiri and Dhekelia.

On 15 August 1960, the Colony of Cyprus became fully independent as the Republic of Cyprus. The new republic remained within the Commonwealth of Nations.

The new constitution brought dissatisfaction to Greek Cypriots, who felt it to be highly unjust for them for historical, demographic and contributional reasons. Although 80% of the island's population were Greek Cypriots and these indigenous people had lived on the island for thousands of years and paid 94% of taxes, the new constitution was giving the 17% of the population that was Turkish Cypriots, who paid 6% of taxes, around 30% of government jobs and 40% of national security jobs.

Within three years tensions between the two communities in administrative affairs began to show. In particular disputes over separate municipalities and taxation created a deadlock in government. A constitutional court ruled in 1963 Makarios had failed to uphold article 173 of the constitution which called for the establishment of separate municipalities for Turkish Cypriots. Makarios subsequently declared his intention to ignore the judgement, resulting in the West German judge resigning from his position. Makarios proposed thirteen amendments to the constitution, which would have had the effect of resolving most of the issues in the Greek Cypriot favour. Under the proposals, the President and Vice-President would lose their veto, the separate municipalities as sought after by the Turkish Cypriots would be abandoned, the need for separate majorities by both communities in passing legislation would be discarded and the civil service contribution would be set at actual population ratios (82:18) instead of the slightly higher figure for Turkish Cypriots.

The intention behind the amendments has long been called into question. The Akritas plan, written in the height of the constitutional dispute by the Greek Cypriot interior minister Polycarpos Georkadjis, called for the removal of undesirable elements of the constitution so as to allow power-sharing to work. The plan envisaged a swift retaliatory attack on Turkish Cypriot strongholds should Turkish Cypriots resort to violence to resist the measures, stating "In the event of a planned or staged Turkish attack, it is imperative to overcome it by force in the shortest possible time, because if we succeed in gaining command of the situation (in one or two days), no outside, intervention would be either justified or possible." Whether Makarios's proposals were part of the Akritas plan is unclear, however it remains that sentiment towards enosis had not completely disappeared with independence. Makarios described independence as "a step on the road to enosis". Preparations for conflict were not entirely absent from Turkish Cypriots either, with right wing elements still believing taksim (partition) the best safeguard against enosis.

Greek Cypriots however believe the amendments were a necessity stemming from a perceived attempt by Turkish Cypriots to frustrate the working of government. Turkish Cypriots saw it as a means to reduce their status within the state from one of co-founder to that of minority, seeing it as a first step towards enosis. The security situation deteriorated rapidly.

Main articles: Bloody Christmas (1963) and Battle of Tillyria

An armed conflict was triggered after December 21, 1963, a period remembered by Turkish Cypriots as Bloody Christmas, when a Greek Cypriot policemen that had been called to help deal with a taxi driver refusing officers already on the scene access to check the identification documents of his customers, took out his gun upon arrival and shot and killed the taxi driver and his partner. Eric Solsten summarised the events as follows: "a Greek Cypriot police patrol, ostensibly checking identification documents, stopped a Turkish Cypriot couple on the edge of the Turkish quarter. A hostile crowd gathered, shots were fired, and two Turkish Cypriots were killed."

In the morning after the shooting, crowds gathered in protest in Northern Nicosia, likely encouraged by the TMT, without incident. On the evening of the 22nd, gunfire broke out, communication lines to the Turkish neighbourhoods were cut, and the Greek Cypriot police occupied the nearby airport. On the 23rd, a ceasefire was negotiated, but did not hold. Fighting, including automatic weapons fire, between Greek and Turkish Cypriots and militias increased in Nicosia and Larnaca. A force of Greek Cypriot irregulars led by Nikos Sampson entered the Nicosia suburb of Omorphita and engaged in heavy firing on armed, as well as by some accounts unarmed, Turkish Cypriots. The Omorphita clash has been described by Turkish Cypriots as a massacre, while this view has generally not been acknowledged by Greek Cypriots.

Further ceasefires were arranged between the two sides, but also failed. By Christmas Eve, the 24th, Britain, Greece, and Turkey had joined talks, with all sides calling for a truce. On Christmas day, Turkish fighter jets overflew Nicosia in a show of support. Finally it was agreed to allow a force of 2,700 British soldiers to help enforce a ceasefire. In the next days, a "buffer zone" was created in Nicosia, and a British officer marked a line on a map with green ink, separating the two sides of the city, which was the beginning of the "Green Line". Fighting continued across the island for the next several weeks.

In total 364 Turkish Cypriots and 174 Greek Cypriots were killed during the violence. 25,000 Turkish Cypriots from 103-109 villages fled and were displaced into enclaves and thousands of Turkish Cypriot houses were ransacked or completely destroyed.

Contemporary newspapers also reported on the forceful exodus of the Turkish Cypriots from their homes. According to The Times in 1964, threats, shootings and attempts of arson were committed against the Turkish Cypriots to force them out of their homes. The Daily Express wrote that "25,000 Turks have already been forced to leave their homes". The Guardian reported a massacre of Turks at Limassol on 16 February 1964.

Turkey had by now readied its fleet and its fighter jets appeared over Nicosia. Turkey was dissuaded from direct involvement by the creation of a United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) in 1964. Despite the negotiated ceasefire in Nicosia, attacks on the Turkish Cypriot persisted, particularly in Limassol. Concerned about the possibility of a Turkish invasion, Makarios undertook the creation of a Greek Cypriot conscript-based army called the "National Guard". A general from Greece took charge of the army, whilst a further 20,000 well-equipped officers and men were smuggled from Greece into Cyprus. Turkey threatened to intervene once more, but was prevented by a strongly worded letter from the American President Lyndon B. Johnson, anxious to avoid a conflict between NATO allies Greece and Turkey at the height of the Cold War.

Turkish Cypriots had by now established an important bridgehead at Kokkina, provided with arms, volunteers and materials from Turkey and abroad. Seeing this incursion of foreign weapons and troops as a major threat, the Cypriot government invited George Grivas to return from Greece as commander of the Greek troops on the island and launch a major attack on the bridgehead. Turkey retaliated by dispatching its fighter jets to bomb Greek positions, causing Makarios to threaten an attack on every Turkish Cypriot village on the island if the bombings did not cease. The conflict had now drawn in Greece and Turkey, with both countries amassing troops on their Thracian borders. Efforts at mediation by Dean Acheson, a former U.S. Secretary of State, and UN-appointed mediator Galo Plaza had failed, all the while the division of the two communities becoming more apparent. Greek Cypriot forces were estimated at some 30,000, including the National Guard and the large contingent from Greece. Defending the Turkish Cypriot enclaves was a force of approximately 5,000 irregulars, led by a Turkish colonel, but lacking the equipment and organisation of the Greek forces.

The Secretary-General of the United Nations in 1964, U Thant, reported the damage during the conflicts:

UNFICYP carried out a detailed survey of all damage to properties throughout the island during the disturbances; it shows that in 109 villages, most of them Turkish-Cypriot or mixed villages, 527 houses have been destroyed while 2,000 others have suffered damage from looting.

The situation worsened in 1967, when a military junta overthrew the democratically elected government of Greece, and began applying pressure on Makarios to achieve enosis. Makarios, not wishing to become part of a military dictatorship or trigger a Turkish invasion, began to distance himself from the goal of enosis. This caused tensions with the junta in Greece as well as George Grivas in Cyprus. Grivas's control over the National Guard and Greek contingent was seen as a threat to Makarios's position, who now feared a possible coup.[citation needed] The National Guard and Cyprus Police began patrolling the Turkish Cypriot enclaves of Ayios Theodoros and Kophinou, and on November 15 engaged in heavy fighting with the Turkish Cypriots.

By the time of his withdrawal 26 Turkish Cypriots had been killed. Turkey replied with an ultimatum demanding that Grivas be removed from the island, that the troops smuggled from Greece in excess of the limits of the Treaty of Alliance be removed, and that the economic blockades on the Turkish Cypriot enclaves be lifted. Grivas was recalled by the Athens Junta and the 12,000 Greek troops were withdrawn. Makarios now attempted to consolidate his position by reducing the number of National Guard troops, and by creating a paramilitary force loyal to Cypriot independence. In 1968, acknowledging that enosis was now all but impossible, Makarios stated, "A solution by necessity must be sought within the limits of what is feasible which does not always coincide with the limits of what is desirable."

After 1967 tensions between the Greek and Turkish Cypriots subsided. Instead, the main source of tension on the island came from factions within the Greek Cypriot community. Although Makarios had effectively abandoned enosis in favour of an 'attainable solution', many others continued to believe that the only legitimate political aspiration for Greek Cypriots was union with Greece.

On his arrival, Grivas began by establishing a nationalist paramilitary group known as the National Organization of Cypriot Fighters (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston B or EOKA-B), drawing comparisons with the EOKA struggle for enosis under the British colonial administration of the 1950s.

The military junta in Athens saw Makarios as an obstacle. Makarios's failure to disband the National Guard, whose officer class was dominated by mainland Greeks, had meant the junta had practical control over the Cypriot military establishment, leaving Makarios isolated and a vulnerable target.

During the first Turkish invasion, Turkish troops invaded Cyprus territory on 20 July 1974, invoking its rights under the Treaty of Guarantee. This expansion of Turkish-occupied zone violated International Law as well as the Charter of the United Nations. Turkish troops managed to capture 3% of the island which was accompanied by the burning of the Turkish Cypriot quarter, as well as the raping and killing of women and children. A temporary cease-fire followed which was mitigated by the UN Security Council. Subsequently, the Greek military Junta collapsed on July 23, 1974, and peace talks commenced in which a democratic government was installed. The Resolution 353 was broken after Turkey attacked a second time and managed to get a hold of 37% of Cyprus territory. The Island of Cyprus was appointed a Buffer Zone by the United Nations, which divided the island into two zones through the 'Green Line' and put an end to the Turkish invasion. Although Turkey announced that the occupied areas of Cyprus to be called the Federated Turkish State in 1975, it is not legitimised on a worldwide political scale. The United Nations called for the international recognition of independence for the Republic of Cyprus in the Security Council Resolution 367.

In the years after the Turkish invasion of northern Cyprus one can observe a history of failed talks between the two parties. The 1983 declaration of the independent Turkish Republic of Cyprus resulted in a rise of inter-communal tensions and made it increasingly hard to find mutual understanding. With Cyprus' interest of a possible EU membership and a new UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan in 1997 new hopes arose for a fresh start. International involvement from sides of the US and UK, wanting a solution to the Cyprus dispute prior to the EU accession led to political pressures for new talks. The believe that an accession without a solution would threaten Greek-Turkish relations and acknowledge the partition of the island would direct the coming negotiations.

Over the course of two years a concrete plan, the Annan plan was formulated. In 2004 the fifth version agreed upon from both sides and with the endorsement of Turkey, US, UK and EU then was presented to the public and was given a referendum in both Cypriot communities to assure the legitimisation of the resolution. The Turkish Cypriots voted with 65% for the plan, however the Greek Cypriots voted with a 76% majority against. The Annan plan contained multiple important topics. Firstly it established a confederation of two separate states called the United Cyprus Republic. Both communities would have autonomous states combined under one unified government. The members of parliament would be chosen according to the percentage in population numbers to ensure a just involvement from both communities. The paper proposed a demilitarisation of the island over the next years. Furthermore it agreed upon a number of 45000 Turkish settlers that could remain on the island. These settlers became a very important issue concerning peace talks. Originally the Turkish government encouraged Turks to settle in Cyprus providing transfer and property, to establish a counterpart to the Greek Cypriot population due to their 1 to 5 minority. With the economic situation many Turkish-Cypriot decided to leave the island, however their departure is made up by incoming Turkish settlers leaving the population ratio between Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots stable. However all these points where criticised and as seen in the vote rejected mainly by the Greek Cypriots. These name the dissolution of the „Republic of Cyprus", economic consequences of a reunion and the remaining Turkish settlers as reason. Many claim that the plan was indeed drawing more from Turkish-Cypriot demands then Greek-Cypriot interests. Taking in consideration that the US wanted to keep Turkey as a strategic partner in future Middle Eastern conflicts.

A week after the failed referendum the Republic of Cyprus joined the EU. In multiple instances the EU tried to promote trade with Northern Cyprus but without internationally recognised ports this spiked a grand debate. Both side endure their intention of negotiations, however without the prospect of any new compromises or agreements the UN is unwilling to start the process again. Since 2004 negotiations took place in numbers but without any results, both sides are strongly holding on to their position without an agreeable solution in sight that would suit both parties.

Governor Phil Murphy alongside Commissioner Christine Norbut Beyer signs A-3707/S-2395 as a key part of the effort to implement the necessary accountability measures to exit from federal oversight of child protective services administered under the New Je by Phil Murphy

Governor Phil Murphy alongside Commissioner Christine Norbut Beyer signs A-3707/S-2395 as a key part of the effort to implement the necessary accountability measures to exit from federal oversight of child protective services administered under the New Jersey Department of Children and Families on Tuesday, December 20, 2022 (Edwin J. Torres/NJ Governorâs Office).

RR Media E: rrphotomedia@gmail.com W: https://www.wsimages.com by William Stone 24M views

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Bus Stop Graphics for Rice Universities' 100 Years Centennial Celebrations - Rice University, Houston TX by Saifee Signs

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These graphics were custom designed and implemented by Saifee Signs & Graphics, LLC at the request of Rice Universities' transportation dept. for their 4 bus stops and a fleet of 16 shuttle buses. The contour cut graphics were printed on 3M performance materials and installed on site by the installation team at Saifee Signs.

May 00 - Ceaucescu's 'Peoples' palace' (1984-'89, 'the world's heaviest bldg.' and the 3rd largest [that's not a factory, assembly site, distribution centre, mall, hangar, or terminal], after the Pentagon & the Potala palace in Tibet), Bucharest by Best of Rob

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But the Pentagon and the Potala weren't built with a ridiculous amount of marble. This bldg. also contains one of the world's largest chandeliers, large enough to contain a platform for maintenance workers to walk around on inside it.

- I arrived here in Bucharest late the night before my last full day in Romania. I stayed at a hostel I think or the cheapest digs I could find. The options were relatively expensive and I did much walking that night in search of something affordable. The next morning I hiked over to and up and along the wide Bulevardul Unirii, lined by huge, concrete constructions and divided by a long string of art nouveau fountains down the centre (the last of which you see here in the foreground) to 'the People's Palace' in the Centru Civic. (The stretch reminded me of the approach up University ave. to Queen's Park in Toronto, but on a lengthier, more massive scale and with greater uniformity.) This fountain was dry, but other identical ones further east were filled with water and were active. I recall seeing a surprising number of stray dogs roaming @ in packs along the Bulevardul.

- I bought a ticket to join an organized tour of this massive pile.

- "In 1971, Ceauşescu visited North Korea and returned full of admiration for the grandiose avenues of Kim II Sung’s Pyongyang. In 1977 a massive earthquake reduced large parts of Bucharest to rubble and left over 1,500 dead. While this prompted the construction of several major city projects, incl. a new metro system and an airport, it also provided Ceauşescu with the perfect excuse to implement his megalomaniac vision for the city. In 1984, he set out to remodel Bucharest as “the first socialist capital for the new socialist man”, and to create a new administrative centre which was to be “a symbolic representation of the 2 decades of enlightenment we have just lived through”. In truth, this Centru Civic was intended to embody the state’s authority and that of Ceauşescu himself, and implementation entailed the demolition of 1/4 of Bucharest’s historic centre (@ 5 square km.s), said to be slums damaged earlier by the earth-quake, but in fact containing 9,000 largely undamaged 19th cent. houses, whose 40,000 inhabitants were relocated in new developments on the outskirts of the city. There was worldwide condemnation of this vandalism, particularly since many old churches, a hospital and a monastery were to be swept away. Though some of the churches were reprieved, they're now surrounded by huge, modern apt. blocks. The core of the complex was largely completed by 1989, just in time for the dictator’s overthrow." (RG)

- "Uniting the two halves of the Centru Civic is Bulevardul Unirii, at 4 km.s long and 120 m.s wide, slightly larger (intentionally so) than the Champs-Élysées after which it was modelled. Midway along is Piaţa Unirii (“Square of the Union”) [where I'm standing as I take this shot, or closeby], an oversized expanse of concrete dominated by traffic, and ... the best place from which to view [this]."

- "Dominating the entire project from the western end of B-dul Unirii is the colossal Palace of Parliament (Palatul Parlamentului), claimed to be the 2nd-largest administrative building in the world - after the Pentagon - measuring 270 by 240 m.s, and 86 m.s high. It epitomizes the megalomania that overtook Ceauşescu in the 1980s; here he intended to house ministries, Communist Party offices and the apartments of high functionaries. Built on the site of the former Spirei Hill, which was razed for this project, the sheer size of it can only be grasped by comparison with the toy-like cars scuttling past below. It has 12 storeys, 4 underground levels (including a nuclear bunker), a 100 m.-long lobby and 1100 rooms, around 1/2 of which are used as offices while the remainder are redundant. The interiors are lavishly decorated with marble and gold leaf, and there are 4,500 chandeliers (11,000 were planned), the largest of which weighs 1.5 tonnes, but the decoration was never complete due to the Ceauşescus’ ever-changing whims. They were demanding patrons, allowing little more than a technical role to the architects, of which there were @ 700 – one staircase was rebuilt 3 x before they were satisfied. The floor pattern – which mirrors the layout of the bldg. itself – was apparently designed that way so Ceauşescu wouldn’t get lost."

- "This ultimate white elephant was officially known as the Casa Republicii, then as the Casa Poporului, but more popularly as the Casa Nebunului (“Madman’s House”), before taking on its present name. The new government spent a long time agonizing about an acceptable use for it, and in 1994 it was finally decided to house the Senate and Parliament here; it is now also used for international conferences. The standard tour is a 45-min. trek through 10 of the most dazzling, most representative or simply the largest of the halls, such as the extraordinary, glass-ceilinged Sala Unirii ('Unification Hall'), where legendary Romanian gymnast Nadia Comaneci was married in 1996. One of the last rooms you’re led to is the Alexandru Ioan Cuza room, whose balcony offers defining views of the city." (RG)

- youtu.be/Uln3oINe6Kc?si=0EbX3si7NBXbTNKw

- I had only the one day in this city and did much walking, but the only other site or sight I devoted time to (at least a full afternoon) was the National museum of History in the former 'Postal Services Palace' (1892), with 8000 square m.s of floor space and @ 60 rooms of exhibits. The LP writes that it's "strong on Romania's ties to ancient Rome" and I recall an impressive plaster cast of Trajan's column. I bought a few postcards of exhibits that impressed me (as one does), including one of an octagonal, golden 'vase', with leopards for handles, 1 of 12 solid gold items from the 'Pietroasele treasure' (of the original 22), late 4th cent., Goth, and discovered in 1837 in Pietroasele, Buzău. "The multiple styles of the items, in which Han Chinese styles have been noted in the belt buckles, Hellenistic in the golden bowls, Sasanian motifs in the baskets, and Germanic fashions in the fibulae, are characteristic of the cosmopolitan outlook of the Cernjachov culture in a region without defined topographic confines." (Wikipedia) www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8Qe9r12eZE

- I bought another of a large, abstract idol (800 grams of pure gold, thought to represent a fertility or mother goddess but resembling a breast-plate, 31 cm.s in length), 1 of 4 items from the neolithic, 4th mill. BC, Moigrad treasure, associated with the Bodrogkeresztúr culture of Chalcolithic Hungary, and one of the oldest treasures found anywhere. There's no shortage of invaluable, beautiful and detailed Dacian hoards and treasures of pure gold on show in the 'Treasury room', incl. the famous, elaborate Coţofeneşti helmet. The Thracians and the Dacians were marvelous goldsmiths.

- In the vast displays re more recent Romanian history, I saw Grigorescu's 'The Attack in Smârdan' (a scene from the War of Independence [1877-78]). www.wikiart.org/en/nicolae-grigorescu/sm-rdan-attack-1878

- "According to legend, Bucharest was founded by a shepherd named Bucur who built a settlement in the Vlăsia forest, later recorded as a 'citadel on the Dâmboviţa' in 1368, and named Bucharest in an edict from the time of Vlad III Dracula (r 1456-76). Over the centuries, both Târgovişte and Bucharest have served as the Wallachian capital, but the latter finally secured its claim in 1659, its position at the convergence of trade routes to Istanbul outweighing Târgovişte’s defensive advantages in the Carpathian foothills. As the boyars moved into the city they built palaces and churches on the main streets radiating from the centre; these streets were surfaced with timber baulks and were known as 'bridges' (poduri). Despite earthquakes and periodic attacks by Turks, Tatars, Austrians and Russians over the course of its history, the city continued to grow and to modernize. New boulevards were driven through the existing street pattern in the 1890s, after the style of Haussmann’s Paris, and still form a ring road and the main north–south and east–west axes of the city today. Most of the major bldg.s, such as the Romanian Atheneum and the Cercul Militar, were designed by French or French-trained architects and were built in the years immediately preceding WWI. It was @ this time that the city was dubbed the “Paris of the East”, as much for its hectic and cosmopolitan social scene [but only for the well-to-do] as for its architecture. ... " (RG)

- I saw some of the romantic and eclectic contributions to the city from those French architects imported by King Carol I in 'la belle epoque', incl. the impressive entrance to the Beaux Arts 'Cantacuzino palace' (1901-02) with its clamshell-shaped porte-cochere. On Aug. 10, 1913, the Treaty of Bucharest was signed there at the end of the 2nd Balkan War.

- I happened upon the Athenaeum (1888, architect Albert Galleron [French]), a round, domed, neoclassical concert hall and the loveliest bldg. in Bucharest. Its exterior is beautiful, but the interior is more impressive from what I've seen online. "A 75-by-3-m. fresco by Costin Petrescu on the inside of the circular wall of the hall depicts the most important moments of Romanian history, from the Roman conquest of Dacia to the realization of Greater Romania in 1918." www.jacksonfineart.com/artists/david-leventi/romanian-ath... "On Dec. 29, 1919, the Athenaeum was the site of the conference of leading Romanians who voted to ratify the unification of Bessarabia, Transylvania, and Bukovina with the Romanian Old Kingdom to constitute Greater Romania." (Wikipedia)

- I'll only mention a few misses in Bucharest (incl. a concert in the Athenaeum).: The small but lovely Storck museum foto.agerpres.ro/foto/detaliu/13028645 ; certain 16th to 19th cent. Orthodox churches, incl. the Patriarchal Cathedral (1665-'68), seat of the Romanian Orthodox Church; and the National Art museum in the former Royal Palace with its fine gallery of Romanian Medieval Art, and some Brâncuşi in its gallery of local Modern Art.

- From Bucharest, late in the afternoon or in the evening of May 12, with my visa set to expire, I took a train south the 64 clicks (1 hr. and 45 min.s according to the RG) to the border-town of Giurgiu (Jee-er-jeeoo). I didn't know it then, but I was travelling on the first and oldest rail-line in Romania, built in 1869.

- "As a fortified city, Giurgiu featured often in the wars for the conquest of the lower Danube. It was the site of the October 1595 'Battle of Giurgiu' [/b/ the Austrians and the Ottomans] and was a theatre of war in the struggle of Michael the Brave (1593–1601) against the Turks and in the later Russo-Turkish War (1787-1792). It was burned in 1659." (Wikipedia) I just passed through.

- I crossed the border and the Danube via the 'Giurgiu-Ruse Friendship Bridge' into Bulgaria (currently the only Bulgarian bridge across the Danube), said a sad goodbye to Romania, and arrived in the city of Ruse (Roo-see, I think).

So, Bulgaria! I had crossed again from one country into a very different neighboring country. It seemed to be more modern, with far fewer 'time capsules' (which I love, as you know), but then with some much older churches and sites and sights to be toured. It's less Western European, without Transylvania's gothic features and Romania's ties to Italy, Germany, Hungary and France. It's very Balkan (of course) with a Byzantine flavour, a resident in a very different neighborhood (notwithstanding that the Dacians were a subgroup of the Thracians, who according to Herodotus were the most populous race known to the ancient Greeks, after the Indians). The historical spotlight in popular culture or imagination (in the west at least) would seem to shift back and forth /b/ the countries, from glorious, accomplished Thrace in the 1st mill. BC, land of Orpheus, Dionysus and of gold, neighboring ancient Greece; to Dacia north of the border in the times of its struggles with Rome, Decebalus v. Trajan, the Iron Gates, etc.; then back south to the medieval Byzantine period and the Bulgarian kingdoms of the late 1st and early 2nd mill.s; and back again to Romania with its colonization by the Magyars and then by the 'Saxons', and its conflicts with the Turks.

- I found Bulgarians to be generally more shy and quieter than Romanians (the hitch-hiking was poor there, which is consistent with shyness. I took the train most often). But once they'd made your acquaintance, Bulgarians would make a point to be generous I found, often exceptionally so.

- I found a real appreciation for the relatively abundant, modern abstract art in Bulgaria, including wonderful socialist-realist art unlike anything I'd ever seen before. Much of it was very creative. And the food there was very different as well. I'd say it was much closer to Greek cuisine. Shopska salad with feta cheese and olives was had everywhere. (I've never eaten so much salad anywhere else, apart from in the FYR of Macedonia.)

- The Bulgarian authors of the guide-book I’d made copies from, and of a book or booklet re Bulgarian history that I bought and which was on sale everywhere, were a bit prone to an excessive pride in Bulgaria I found, which is the way of things in the Balkans generally. The booklet made such claims as, for example, that Bulgarians had invented brain surgery as ancient trepanning tools had been discovered. The frescoes in the Boyana church in Sofia are held out as anticipating Giotto and as evidence that "but for the Turkish yoke, Bulgaria would have ushered in the Renaissance" (to paraphrase). But the Italian Renaissance was about much more than achievements in art. The fact is that Bulgarians chafed under 'the Turkish yoke' for 5 long centuries, as any occupied people would, and so naturally they look to the west and ask what their society might have become and might have achieved if not for their subjugation.

- I spent @ a month and a 1/2 in Bulgaria, and saw a fair bit in the northern 2/3rds of the country. I followed a guidebook (I forget which, I'd made photocopies) which I later learned left much to be desired. Almost nothing was written up in that guide re the southern 4th or 5th of the country, which has several sites I would've loved to have seen, incl. the cave of 'the Devil's throat', down into which Orpheus is said to have descended to Hades to retrieve Eurydice. (But the now-famous shrine to Dionysus [who was Thracian!] and site of an oracle consulted by Alexander the Great, and the tomb which is a candidate for that of Orpheus at Tatul, hadn't been excavated and were unknown to tourism in 2000.) The biggest miss was what could be the trippiest, most off-the-hook Soviet or Communist-era ruin anywhere (which is saying something), which was within walking distance of Shipka, a place I visited. (I'll write about it in the description to my photo taken at Shipka.)

- I forget how and where I met him upon my arrival, but I was invited to stay at the home of a kind, local man I met in Ruse. The hospitality was just as wonderful in Bulgaria as it was in Romania or moreso. I didn't spend a cent on accommodation for at least my first 7 nights in the country.

- My host took me on a small walking tour of Ruse the next morning, or at least to the central 'Freedom square' where I took a photo of the 'Monument of Liberty' (@ 1907-09, sculptor Arnoldo Zocchi), a statue of a woman in a toga standing on a square column above a plinth, holding a sword in one hand and pointing with the other, with 2 lions at the base. It commemorates the liberation of Bulgaria by the Russians from the Turks in the 1870s. One of the lions tears the chains of a yoke with its teeth. It was inaugurated on Aug. 11, the anniversary of the most decisive date of the 'Battle of Shipka'. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monument_of_Liberty,_Ruse#/media/Fi...

- I think I recall, but took no photos (?) of, the modernist 'Pantheon of National Heros' under a gold dome with the remains of 453 activists from the time of 'the Bulgarian National Revival' within. (Or maybe I saw a photo of it later? It's a miss if so, a very interesting piece of modern architecture.)

- Ruse is the most significant Bulgarian port on the Danube and is the 5th largest city in Bulgaria. In the late 19th cent. and until WWI it was the 2nd largest (after Plovdiv). It's "known for its 19th and 20th cent. neo-baroque and neo-rococo architecture". The city's a bigger deal than I realized when I was there. "A Thracian settlement developed into a Roman military and naval centre in the reign of Vespasian (69–70 CE), as part of the fortification system along the northern boundary of Moesia. It was named Sexaginta Prista, 'City of 60 Ships' (Greek: Pristis - a special type of defensive ship. It's presumed that the port had 60 berths.) The fortress was on the main route between Singidunum (Belgrade) and the Danube Delta. It was rebuilt as a praesidium following its destruction by Goths in 250 CE, but was destroyed again in the 6th cent. by Avar and Slavic raiders. The Ottomans revitalized the town which became a large fortress and administrative centre of Tuna Vilayet, extending from Varna and Tulcea to Sofia and Niš, by the 18th cent. And Ruse developed into a centre of the Bulgarian National Revival, hosting the headquarters of the Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee. (all Wikipedia) The city's greatest transformation came with an international agreement concerning free merchant shipping on the Danube, which led to its emergence as an important economic force, and as a trading centre for the Austro-Hungarian, Russian, and British empires. Ruse was the scene of many firsts for Bulgaria, such as the first newspaper printed in Bulgaria and in Bulgarian, the first printing office, railway line (Ruse to Varna), weather station, film projection, etc. It's fair to say it's an important city to the modern history of Bulgaria.

- I missed a history museum, the low-lying ruins (the foundations of walls) of an historic Roman fortress, and the 'Transport museum' in the original British-built railway station (1866), with late 19th cent. carriages and locomotives from the days when Ruse was a stop on the Orient Express which then ran from Budapest to Bucharest to Giurgiu, passengers would cross the river, and then from Ruse to Varna, and by boat to Stamboul. One item is "the sumptuous Sultaniye carriage, used by Empress Eugenie of France in 1869 en route to open the Suez canal." (RG)

- From Ruse I hitched south @ 25 km.s down the 501 and walked to the 'rock-hewn churches of Ivanovo'. (See the description for the next photo, taken at Madara).

The Davos Agenda by World Economic Forum

Implementing Stakeholder Capitalism in the Middle East and North Africa (Option 2)

Rania A. Al-Mashat, Minister of International Cooperation of Egypt; Young Global Leader Alain Bejjani, Chief Executive Officer, Majid Al Futtaim, United Arab Emirates

Mohammad Jaafar, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Kuwaiti Danish Dairy (KDD), Kuwait

Badr Jafar, Chief Executive Officer, Crescent Enterprises, United Arab Emirates; Young Global Leader

Remarks by Mirek Dusek, Deputy Head, Centre for Geopolitical and Regional Affairs, World Economic Forum

Moderated by Hadley Gamble, Reporter and Anchor, CNBC, United Kingdom

With Mazen S. Darwazeh, Executive Vice-Chairman; President, Middle East and North Africa, Hikma Pharmaceuticals, Jordan

EU leaders urged to take a firm stance on Russia, trade deals and Brexit talks by European Parliament

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Action to stop massacres in Syria, implement migration policies and border controls, and ensure a balanced approach to trade deals while defending EU industry are the key challenges that EU heads of state or government should tackle at their 20-21 October meeting in Brussels, said Parliament’s political group leaders in a debate with the Slovak Council Presidency and EU Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker on Wednesday.

This photo is free to use under Creative Commons licenses and must be credited: "© European Union 2016 - European Parliament".

(Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives CreativeCommons licenses creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

For bigger HR files please contact: webcom-flickr(AT)europarl.europa.eu

Sudo gate by Chris Emmert

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Implement collection finally made into a gate. My mothers day gift.

I laid and arranged on the driveway and Mark welded. 2004

Lorha and Sil - Stone Implements for grinding food by Chennette

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Traditional stone implements for grinding things like spices and green seasoning (herbs). A lorha (the round stone) and a sil (the flatter stone or base, which you can see has developed a valley from years of use).

RBG Farm Implement by Notley Hawkins

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A rural farm under a cloudy moonlit sky near McBaine in Boone County Missouri by Notley Hawkins Photography. Taken on a cool August summer's evening with a Canon EOS 5D Mark III camera with a EF16-35mm f/2.8L USM lens. Colored gels were used with an exposure of 83 seconds.

Follow me on Twitter, Google+, Facebook

www.notleyhawkins.com/

Early Case Tractor. by Branxholm

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The North Otago Vintage Machinery Club held their 30th celebrations with a working weekend. Maheno, North Otago, New Zealand. Full Size.

Cooking Implements by Rex Roof

Wholesale, Beauty Supply Wholesale, Personal Care, Beauty Care, Beauty Implements, Cosmetic, Nail Clipper,Tweezers ,Scissor, Cotton Swab, Cotton Ball ,Sunblock ,Cold & Hot Patch ,Hot Patch ,Beauty Soap, Cocoa Butter Soap,Pregnancy Test Kit, Hair Color, W by sung ham

Wholesale, Beauty Supply Wholesale, Personal Care, Beauty Care, Beauty Implements, Cosmetic, Nail Clipper,Tweezers ,Scissor, Cotton Swab, Cotton Ball ,Sunblock ,Cold & Hot Patch ,Hot Patch ,Beauty Soap, Cocoa Butter Soap,Pregnancy Test Kit, Hair Color, Wholesale,Koriusa.Net

Signing Ceremony with Estonia for the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (MLI). by OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

29 June 2018 - Signing Ceremony with Estonia for the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (MLI)

OECD Headquarters, Paris, France

Photo: OECD/Andrew Wheeler

Special Session: Lean 101: Straightforward Approach to Lean Implementation for Truck Equipment Upfitters by NTEA

Attendees were able to choose from a variety of educational opportunities during Work Truck Week, including this sold-out, hands-on special session.

Learn more at www.worktruckshow.com.

Shaffer’s Implements (Closed) - Ritz Theatre (Closed) - McGregor Library (Open) - McGregor Tx by Randy Carlisle

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*Originally opened in the late 1800's as Shaffer’s Implements, Selling Wagons & Buggies.

In 1936, The Ritz Theatre came to be.

After a 50+ year run, The Ritz Theatre closed. The Library took over the structure around 1985....

*Above info Thanx to cinematreasures.org..

Photo Taken: December 17 2011

Photo Taken By: Randy A. Carlisle

ALL Photos (Unless otherwise stated) Copyright RAC Photography

"Preserving AMERICAs History Thru Photography"

***NO Photos are to be posted on ANY other website, or any kind of publication Without MY Permission. No Exceptions! They are not to be "Lifted", Borrowed, reprinted, or by any other means other than viewing here on Flickr. If you want to use a photo of mine for anything, please email First. I'll assist you any way I can. Thank You for your understanding. ALL Photos are For Sale.***

Participants of the LIVES Project Implementation Planning Workshop by ILRI

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LIVES Project Implementation Planning Workshop, July 11 -12, 2012, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (photo credit: ILRI/Zerihun Sewunet).

Liceo de Salcedo implementa modelo educativo transformador by Gobierno Danilo Medina

El director del Liceo Científico Doctor Miguel Canela Lázaro en Salcedo, provincia Hermanas Mirabal, Gabriel Maldonado, durante su participación en el encuentro con Los Medios.

Foto: Ángel Álvarez Rodríguez/Presidencia República Dominicana

Nota de prensa:

presidencia.gob.do/noticias/liceo-de-salcedo-implementa-m...

Video YouTube:

www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4Jbx8qeU5s

UNIFIL's 2019 Calendar – July (English) by UNIFIL

To implement its mandate as defined by UN Security Council resolution 1701, UNIFIL carries out over 450 operational activities per day such as patrols, maritime activities, monitoring the Blue Line and live fire training such as this.

Roman iron implement from Villa San Marco by Dan Diffendale

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Roman, early imperial period, 1st c. CE (pre-79 CE)

Found at Stabia, Villa San Marco, storeroom

In the collection of, and photographed on display at, the Museo Archeologico di Stabia 'Libero D'Orsi' in Castellammare di Stabia, Campania, Italy

Inv. ?

Alley Implements by Ben Evans

On Cherokee Street in St. Louis Benton Park neighborhood.

Cast Iron Implement Seats by Stuart

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Wholesale, Beauty Supply Wholesale, Personal Care, Beauty Care, Beauty Implements, Cosmetic, Nail Clipper,Tweezers ,Scissor, Cotton Swab, Cotton Ball ,Sunblock ,Cold & Hot Patch ,Hot Patch ,Beauty Soap, Cocoa Butter Soap,Pregnancy Test Kit, Hair Color, W by sung ham

Wholesale, Beauty Supply Wholesale, Personal Care, Beauty Care, Beauty Implements, Cosmetic, Nail Clipper,Tweezers ,Scissor, Cotton Swab, Cotton Ball ,Sunblock ,Cold & Hot Patch ,Hot Patch ,Beauty Soap, Cocoa Butter Soap,Pregnancy Test Kit, Hair Color, Wholesale,Koriusa.Net

CEDAR HILL STATE PARK 14 by Kenneth Nanney

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Antique Farm Implement,

Penn Farm Agricultural Heritage Center.

Cedar Hill State Park. Cedar Hill, Texas.

Dallas County. 24 December 2018.

Olympus E-P5. Panasonic Lumix G Vario 45-200mm f/4-5.6 II.

(45mm) f/8 @ 1/100 sec. ISO 500.

#69 Cleaning Implement by Pad Swift

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This lady was taking a break from doing a bit of sweeping in the streets of Ho Chi Minh City.

htcpcp implementation by mike

RFC2324-compliant, I presume

CEDAR HILL STATE PARK 11 by Kenneth Nanney

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Antique Farm Implement,

Penn Farm Agricultural Heritage Center.

Cedar Hill State Park. Cedar Hill, Texas.

Dallas County. 24 December 2018.

Olympus E-P5. Panasonic Lumix G Vario 45-200mm f/4-5.6 II.

(45mm) f/8 @ 1/100 sec. ISO 500.

motivational quotes - Speed of Implementation by Don T. Mai

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motivational quotes - Speed of Implementation

(more motivational quotes>> www.embellishedminds.com/2849/motivational-quotes/)

21061224dr Laker Farm Implement service Inc Women Basketball tournament East Chicago Central at Greenfield-Central by Senna Photography

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Greenfield-Central Katie Helgason(2) bring the ball up court after stealing the ball against East Chicago Central during the championship game of the 2016 Laker Farm Implement Sevices Inc. Women’s Basketball Tournament at Greenfield-Central on December 23,2016.

Fresco of a priestess or Bacchante from the House of the Vettii by Stephen Chappell (aka Chapps)

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This fresco detail from the House of the Vettii depicts a priestess/Bacchante holding silver vessels, perhaps implements of sacrifice in her wicker basket. She also holds a thyrsus and has an ivy leaf crown on her head - seemingly a priestess of Dionysus.

House of the Vettii, zoccolo from the Room of the Cupids, Pompeii.

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