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Can anyone tell me what this implement is for? It was found in the same yard as the two previously pictured Massey Ferguson tractors.
In recent years, states in the region have implemented programs with the aim of reducing poverty and extreme poverty. Here are some examples.
In Belize, the Building Opportunities for Our Social Transformation Initiative—aimed at pregnant women, children under the age of 4 and school-age children, adults and persons with physical disabilities—provides cash transfers for people who meet three requirements: immunize children under 5, ensure regular prenatal check-ups for pregnant women, and keep children in school with a minimum of 85% attendance.
In Bolivia, the Juancito Pinto Grant is given to a parent or guardian of a child in the first five years of primary school, on the condition that the child has a minimum of 80% attendance during the school year. A further program is the Juana Azurduy de Padilla Grant, a financial incentive given to pregnant women and recent mothers on the condition that they attend prenatal and postpartum check-ups and educational activities and take their babies for regular medical examinations.
In Brazil, the main cash transfer program, known as Bolsa Familia, is a grant given to families who live in poverty or extreme poverty on the condition that they vaccinate their children on time, take them for medical examinations, and keep them in school with regular attendance.
In Colombia, the Families in Action program grants education subsidies on the condition that the student regularly attends school, to promote school graduation among people who live in poverty.
In Honduras, the Better Life grant involves cash transfers to people who live in extreme poverty, provided that they meet certain conditions in the fields of healthcare, education and nutrition.
In Panama, the Opportunity Network program involves cash transfers on the condition that women attend prenatal check-ups and that children under 5 attend medical examinations to keep their health and growth on track.
Still, we note that asking people who live in poverty and extreme poverty to prove, by meeting certain requirements, that they “deserve” such benefits would infringe upon the very foundations of their human rights.
Visit the multimedia site:
Read the Report (in Spanish)
www.oas.org/es/cidh/informes/pdfs/PobrezaDDHH2017.pdf
Social Media Campaign
April, 2018
**
Querétaro, Qro., miércoles 21 de noviembre de 2012. ****
** **
****
*CONJUNTAN ESFUERZOS AUTORIDADES MUNICIPALES Y FEDERALES PARA IMPLEMENTAR
EL PROGRAMA “ENTRE MUJERES”*
* *
- *El Municipio de Querétaro, Diconsa y Liconsa firmaron un convenio de
colaboración para impulsar dicho programa *
- *Con este programa se atiende la instrucción de Roberto Loyola y de su
esposa Lucy Huber de brindar un espacio de atención a las mujeres*
** **
Con el objetivo de acercar a las mujeres un espacio público itinerante, que
permita escuchar y atender sus necesidades, este día se dio a conocer el
Programa “Entre Mujeres”, el cual operarán conjuntamente **la
Secretaría**de Desarrollo Social y el Sistema Municipal DIF, en el que
también se
contará con la participación de Diconsa, Liconsa, **la Secretaría** de
Salud estatal y ****la Comisión** Estatal** de Derechos Humanos. ****
** **
Lo anterior lo dio a conocer, en rueda de prensa, el Secretario de
Desarrollo Social Municipal, Erik Osornio Medina, quien dijo que con este
programa se atiende la instrucción del Presidente Municipal de Querétaro,
Roberto Loyola Vera y de su esposa Lucy Huber de Loyola, de brindar un
espacio de atención a las mujeres.****
** **
El Programa “Entre Mujeres”, que iniciará el próximo 23 de noviembre en la
explanada del Mercado del Tepetate, se llevará a cabo todos los viernes de
15:00 a 19:00 horas, en donde las mujeres podrán encontrar una respuesta
con perspectiva de género a sus inquietudes en temas como salud, familia,
trabajo, recreación, finanzas, entre otras. ****
** **
“Vamos a tener eventos culturales para las mujeres y trámites como becas y
vivienda; vamos a tener apoyo de **la Secretaría** de Salud del Estado para
la detección de cáncer de mama, cáncer cervicouterino y métodos de
planificación social; además de que llevaremos servicios para niños como **la
Caravana** de Cómputo y Ciencias y talleres de artes”.****
****
Al destacar la importancia de reconocer el papel preponderante que tiene la
mujer en todos los ámbitos de la sociedad, el Director del Sistema
Municipal DIF, Ricardo Ortega Pacheco, detalló que durante las jornadas de
atención se acercarán los servicios que ofrece el DIF a través de **la
Procuraduría** de **la Defensa** del Menor y **la Familia**, así como de
los Programa DIF Móvil, de Asistencia Social y de Atención Familiar y
Desarrollo Infantil.****
** **
Posterior a la firma del convenio de colaboración entre el Municipio de
Querétaro, Diconsa y Liconsa, que permitirá concretar estos beneficios para
las mujeres, Roberto García Domínguez, Gerente Estatal de Liconsa, dijo que
mediante este programa se buscará mejorar la alimentación de las familias
con productos lácteos de la mejor calidad, por lo que en estas jornadas
ofrecerán los productos a precios accesibles. ****
** **
Asimismo, Miguel Gutiérrez Hernández, Gerente de ****la Sucursal**
Bajío**de Diconsa, mencionó que en apoyo a la iniciativa del Municipio
ofrecerán
productos de la canasta básica a costos preferenciales, coadyuvando de esta
manera en la eliminación de la pobreza alimentaria. ****
Judith Williams, SAP speaking during the Session "Implementing Stakeholder Capitalism 1" at the World Economic Forum, Annual Meeting of the Global Future Councils 2019. Copyright by World Economic Forum / Benedikt von Loebell
1. I am thankful for clean windows!!
2. I am thankful for finally finding a word for when I really want to take a photograph but am too shy to bring out my camera or don’t want to miss the moment by fiddling. The term is unphotographable.
3. I am thankful for finally ordering an external hard drive to back up all of my files, at once, in one place. Thanks Joe of answering my query. :)
4. I am thankful for Tim Brownson’s requirements and offering of free life coaching because it helped to sift through my life where I have shown commitment to making improvements and see that I do work really hard to do and be better .. and I’m not near as flaky as I had thought I was. To write something where the thoughts need to be more cohesive is also very good practise, especially since it had a deadline. Asking for and allowing something good that I would like is also important forward movement for me. Interesting thing about Tim is that he is one of those people that I kept coming across several times a week for a few weeks. He also co-authored an interesting, entertaining and useful book How to be Rich and Happy I came across a few times. I don’t know about the title but the book looks good. Update: I submitted the first story and made the top six out of twenty-eight. The next part was to pare the 1000 word essay down to under 350 words. The 350 word story will be printed with the other five entries this Friday for readers of Tim’s blog to vote. I can hardly wait to read all of the stories! :) Submitting a story was a huge hurdle for me because in the past I have been so insecure about my writing abilities I would write something but get frustrated and just give up even if I believed the story I had to tell was worthy of mention. Tim also left some very tasty bread crumbs in the form of helpful links so whether my story is chosen or not I am still learning and growing heaps .. and that my dears is certainly something to be thankful for! ;) [Noter bien: if you are offended by swearing, following any of the links in this gratitude point may not be your cup of tea.]
5. I am thankful for being challenged on how I write my gratitude lists because it is helping me to communicate more concisely, further differentiate between myself and my work and helped me to finish a medium sized artwork that I had began weeks ago. In the finishing of the piece I was able to work through why my artwork and writing are so dense and involved. I know my artwork and writing is not for everyone, to look at it and connect with takes a certain personal time commitment on the part of the viewer. The work is not particularly accessible because there is a lot of writing in a small amount of space. My hope is that the reader/viewer will be rewarded with some connection they were able to make with their thoughts and hopes to another person to feel more connected to another. Or something to that effect.
6. I am thankful that I made the choice to stop avoiding making art by returning to university.
7. I am thankful that P sent this article this week 60 second health and fitness boosters - this is perfect because I have been working on creating better balance between work and exercise. Everything just goes so much better when I get enough exercise.
8. I am thankful for getting a bunch of administration work done this week. I had been letting it hang over my head for over a month.
9. I am thankful for the cool serendipity this week, specifically the Salvation Army Thrift Store pick up truck parked outside my office window and getting up to get something from the desk at just the right time. I was able to give a couple huge bags of clothes and some house hold items. The guy even came up to get some extra things so I didn’t have to go back out in the cold and wind .. I forgot to ask his name unfortunately. He told me that you can phone the store and they go out to pick things up Tuesdays and Thursdays. I am so thankful to get the things to people who can put them to use instead of sitting in a corner or closet AND that someone came to my door and took them away. I felt so much lighter and almost giddy afterward, so much so that I could barely sit still to work! Today as I was tidying up I thought of a bunch of other items in boxes that can go to better homes. For a while now I have been consciously culling my life of things (and ideas) that I don’t really enjoy or use anymore. I am often amazed at what I find that I have hung onto for YEARS and find that the reason I had kept it has long since expired. Out it goes! :) The more I cull the more I enjoy what I do have .. because I can actually see and experience it!
10. I am thankful for the first day of snow because traffic is slower, people are kinder, friendlier and more helpful of neighbours. I also like that the snow buffers traffic sounds and loud stereo people tend to stay home. That said, I am also glad that the clouds parted and let the sun shine in my window this evening! :) I am also thankful for the men and women that work with the city, Wascana Centre Authority and everyone else on the entire planet that clears walkways!! :)
11. I am thankful for getting bread and some peanut butter oatmeal cookies made this evening. I was down to my last crust of bread. Tomorrow’s mission; foraging for fresh food and dried legumes! :)
12. I am thankful for getting better at making check lists of things that I want done and assigning due dates to myself because it allows me to be better directed and see that I have actually done some stuff and the part of my brain that tells me I don’t do nearly enough can relax! I had my first official staff meeting with myself this week. I found it useful because it enabled me to look at what I am doing from different perspectives. One perspective as the boss in charge of direction and making sure the work gets done and another perspective as the worker who is sometimes temperamental and just doesn’t dang well feel like doing the work. During the staff meeting I ask myself the questions of Why I do the thing I do? How I choose to do the thing I do? and What exactly is it that I do? and was surprised to learn some things about how Me Inc. versus how Monique does things.
13. I am thankful that although sometimes thinking about the things (and people) that I am thankful for delays sleep, I always wake up feeling refreshed and in a good mood. Gratitude lists are such fascinating things, once you get into the habit they sort of permeate throughout your entire life. Speaking the day’s list has been one of the most important catalysts for change I have ever implemented in my life.
14. I watched this TED talk from Charlie Gilkey this afternoon and it is causing me to re-evaluate some of my choices. I am thankful for Charlie’s blog, I enjoy and connect with it more as the weeks go by.
15. I am thankful for remembering some important things this week. Mainly that no matter what seems to happen, good things always, always come of it.
16. Thank you for reading, have a delightful week .. unless you have other plans!? ;)
PS: I took the photo upside down because the light and framing worked better that way. I left it upside down because it worked better with the subject of the text in the photo.
Ms. Tanvi Kapoor, India - One of the winners of the ASEAN and SAARC drawing competition for 2011.
The competition was organized in conjunction with the ASEAN Day for Disaster Management and the International Day for Disaster Reduction. Winners will be officially awarded and invited to join children from the district of Chiang Mai and the Ruamrudee International School in Bangkok to symbolically step up for disaster risk reduction and discuss ways to reduce their vulnerabilities to disasters and implement the Children’s Charter adopted at the last Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction held in Geneva in May 2011.
More information on the ASEAN Day for Disaster Management: www.preventionweb.net/english/professional/trainings-even...
More information on the 2011 International Day for Disaster Reduction - www.unisdr.org/2011/iddr
The 80-strong intake of officers started with the force earlier this week before being attested at GMP's Sedgley Park Training Centre yesterday (Wednesday 17 November 2021).
Also in attendance as the officers swore their police oath was Assistant Chief Constable Scott Green, Magistrate Stephen Paine and new GMP Detective Chief Superintendent Michaela Kerr - who was also attested.
Following a week-long induction period with GMP, they will spend time at the University of Salford Campus and at GMP to complete their training.
The new recruits will then be posted to their respective districts in Spring 2022 to begin the tutor phase; working alongside more experienced colleagues to serve the public on the front line.
The PEQF programme was formally introduced as a mandatory requirement for all police forces in 2021 and is a key element under Policing Vision 2025, the ten-year vision for policing set out by the National Police Chiefs' Council and the Association of Police and Crime Commissioners.
In collaboration with the University of Salford and the University of Central Lancashire (UCLan), GMP has implemented two new high quality victim-centred student officer learning programmes:
Police Constable Degree Apprenticeship (PCDA): A three-year professional policing degree apprenticeship, providing the opportunity for successful applicants to achieve a BSc (Hons) degree in Professional Policing Practice with the University of Salford whilst serving as a police officer.
Degree Holder Entry Programme (DHEP): A two-year programme aimed at those who already have a degree in a non-policing subject and providing the opportunity for successful applicants to achieve a Graduate Diploma in Professional Policing Practice with the University of Salford whilst serving as a police officer.
Christopher Kinsella, Chief Resources Officer & Chief Financial Officer for GMP, said: “I am delighted to welcome our first intake of PEQF student officers during a period of ambitious change and growth for the force. In choosing a career in policing with Greater Manchester Police, they are joining thousands of committed, courageous and professional individuals.
"PEQF student officers will have opportunities to develop the management, leadership skills and knowledge they will need to deliver the high-quality policing that our communities deserve. In addition, they will gain a Degree or Graduate Diploma in Professional Policing Practice from University of Salford.
"I wish the new student officers every success as they begin their career with Greater Manchester Police."
Professor Margaret Rowe, Dean of the School of Health and Society at the University of Salford, said: “The School and University are delighted to see the partnership with Greater Manchester Police and the University of Central Lancashire come to fruition with the start of the PCDA and DHEP programmes.
"This collaboration will deliver innovative and high-quality victim-centred learning to new student police officers and seeing the first cohort start their journey here at Salford is brilliant; I know they will contribute highly to the culture and development within the University.”
Professor Chris Pyke, Executive Dean: Faculty of Business and Justice for the University of Central Lancashire (UCLan), said: “It is fantastic to start delivering these innovative new programmes for Greater Manchester Police alongside our colleagues at the University of Salford.
"UCLan has been a leader in the design and delivery of policing programmes within the higher education sector for the last 18 years and since early 2020 we have been successfully delivering the College of Policing nationally accredited PCDA and DHEP programmes with two other forces in the region.
"The step change within PEQF from police training to the higher education experience is a really exciting time for all involved. We are looking forward to developing the partnership with GMP in order to build the trust and confidence of the public in Greater Manchester by ensuring they receive an outstanding service from their police officers.”
© Earl C. Leatherberry, Do Not Use Without Written Consent
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, the Oliver Chilled Plow Works was one of the country's major plow producers. The company was out of South Bend, Indiana. The company moved into manufacturing farm machinery, and Chicago became its headquarters. In 1929, the company merged with four other farm machine companies to form Oliver Farm Equipment Company. Oliver lost its corporate identity during a period of industry-wide mergers and consolidation-when purchased by White Motor Corporation in 1960.
Judith Williams, SAP speaking during the Session "Implementing Stakeholder Capitalism 1" at the World Economic Forum, Annual Meeting of the Global Future Councils 2019. Copyright by World Economic Forum / Benedikt von Loebell
Mary Bogdan participating in the current exhibition at the Pace/MacGill Gallery in NYC.
Pace/MacGill Gallery Exhibition
PACE/MACGILL GALLERY
32 EAST 57TH ST NEW YORK NY 10022 / PHONE 212.759.7999 / FAX 212.759.8964 / EMAIL info@pacemacgill.com
SELF-PORTRAITR: AN INTERACTIVE EXHIBITION CURATING THE FLICKR.COM
COMMUNITY
June 30 through August 25, 2006
Pace/MacGill Gallery and the School of Visual Arts’ graduate photography department are pleased to present an interactive exhibition of self-portraits drawn from Flickr.com, the online digital photo-sharing network. Flickr’s user base consists of over one million members who share images and image-related information. Two leading forces in the New York art world—-a major photography gallery and a top art school—-have joined together to observe this online conversation of image making.
The mining and showcasing of this material strives to engage and expand a rapidly growing virtual arts community. The exhibition will be accessible to both viewers and contributors alike via the Pace/MacGill website www.pacemacgill.com. Pace/MacGill’s gallery space will house ten computers on which visitors can peruse the pictures gathered from numerous global photographers as they would online. A few monitors will display slideshows of images specifically collected via the gallery website.
The exhibition will not only rely on the Flickr community for content, but will also depend upon the activity of the site’s users for the organization and editing of what is anticipated to be thousands of images from the age-old genre of self-portraiture. Whether the image is taken by a professional photographer overseas or by an amateur experimenting with a camera phone in New York City, each image posted on Flickr and “tagged” as a self-portrait will automatically be filtered and directed into the exhibition.
The Pace/MacGill Flickr interface, created by SVA’s Jeremy Chien and Stephen Jablonsky and programmed by Kelvin Luck, allows users to vote for favorites, track the most viewed image, and create categories. Sorting options or subcategories (self portrait “with mirror” or at “beach,” for example) within the virtual exhibition will enable further definition and refinement.
The work in the exhibition will perpetually expand with the proliferation of users until the popularity of each category aids in its editing. As more images are collected and more users are interacting with the site to make selections, the work will become more discerning and interesting. One can choose the role they wish to assume: curator, artist, etcetera. With every click of the mouse, viewers become participants; the interactive community defines the exhibition. The hope is that the final result will be a 50 print exhibition of images chosen by the community.
The School of Visual Arts is widely recognized as one of the finest art schools in the country for its innovative and experimental program philosophies, its participation in the cultural life of New York City, and its unparalleled faculty comprised of professional artists. The MFA Photography, Video and Related Media department has been a leader in the implementation of photography in the digital world. The exhibition has been assembled by Pace/MacGill Gallery, Jeremy Chien, and Stephen Jablonsky. Chien and Jablonsky are both alumni and faculty members at the School of Visual Arts’ MFA program in Photography, Video and Related Media. UK web developer Kelvin Luck programmed the exhibition software to search, filter and explore Flickr.com.
Gallery summer hours are: Monday-Thursday, 9:30-5:30, and Friday, 9:30-4:00. The gallery will be closed on Saturdays and Sundays. Summer hours begin on June 20 and continue through Labor Day.
Thanks, BILLY Q...
Opening of the Standing Advisory Group on Safeguards Implementation (SAGSI), held at the Agency headquarters in Vienna, Austria. 12 June 2023
Photo Credit: Hannah Shaffer / IAEA
20 May 2019 - TALK TOGETHER
Session : The Male Disadvantage in Education
Speakers : Camilla Stoltenberg, Director-General, Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Head, Norwegian National Commission on Gender Equality in Education
With ** Francesca Borgonovi, Senior Analyst, Policy Advice and Implementation, Directorate for Education and Skills, OECD
OECD Headquarters, Paris.
Photo : © Hervé Cortinat / OECD
Implementing Stakeholder Capitalism (Option 2)
Geneva - Switzerland, 25-29 January 2021. Copyright ©️ World Economic Forum/Pascal Bitz
Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum
Marc Benioff, Chair and Chief Executive Officer, Salesforce, USA; Member of Board of Trustees of the World Economic Forum Laurence D. Fink, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, BlackRock, USA; Member of Board of Trustees of the World Economic Forum Chrystia Freeland, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance of Canada; Member of Board of Trustees of the World Economic Forum Kristalina Georgieva, Managing Director, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Washington DC; Member of Board of Trustees of the World Economic Forum
Brian T. Moynihan, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Bank of America, USA; Chair of the World Economic Forum International Business Council; International Business Council
Moderated by Gillian R. Tett, Editor-at-Large and Chair of the Editorial Board, Financial Times, United Kingdom
Implementing Stakeholder Capitalism (Option 2)
Geneva - Switzerland, 25-29 January 2021. Copyright ©️ World Economic Forum/Pascal Bitz
Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum
Marc Benioff, Chair and Chief Executive Officer, Salesforce, USA; Member of Board of Trustees of the World Economic Forum Laurence D. Fink, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, BlackRock, USA; Member of Board of Trustees of the World Economic Forum Chrystia Freeland, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance of Canada; Member of Board of Trustees of the World Economic Forum Kristalina Georgieva, Managing Director, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Washington DC; Member of Board of Trustees of the World Economic Forum
Brian T. Moynihan, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Bank of America, USA; Chair of the World Economic Forum International Business Council; International Business Council
Moderated by Gillian R. Tett, Editor-at-Large and Chair of the Editorial Board, Financial Times, United Kingdom
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La bella tapatía Perla Vargas Manzanero se coronó la noche del sábado 15 de enero como la nueva representante de Señorita Ecomundo CROC 2010, después de haber ganado también el título de Señorita Elegancia.
El Hotel Crowne Plaza de la Ciudad de México fue la sede del certamen de belleza, en el que compitieron 17 representantes estatales que lucieron en las 3 fases de pasarela en traje típico, traje de baño y vestido de noche, así como la ronda de preguntas acerca del medio ambiente y de las acciones que ha implementado la CROC para el cuidado de nuestro planeta.
El jurado estuvo conformado por Luis Alcaraz, srio. gral. del sindicato de músicos; el Lic. Luis Ramos Siqueiros, dic. gral. del hotel sede; Irma de los Ángeles Magaña Campos, propietaria de Sirma Fashion; Irma de Zúñiga, maquillista profesional y los actores Armando Hernández, Daniela Torres y Román Medina.
Fue una eliminatoria de mucho suspenso para las 7 finalistas, quienes se mostraron guapísimas durante todo el concurso, pero sobre todo con mucha seguridad en el escenario.
Elena Olague Flores, representante del Estado de Quintana Roo fue la ganadora del tercer lugar, mientras que el segundo fue para el Estado de Hidalgo, que dignamente representó Rocío Pichardo Guijarro. El primer lugar fue indiscutible, Perla Vargas Manzanero del Estado de Jalisco cumplió con los requisitos para ser nuestra Señorita Ecomundo CROC 2010, gracias a su belleza, inteligencia, elegancia y conocimiento sobre el medio ambiente.
También se otorgó el premio como señorita simpatía a la participante de Yucatán, Nora Gabriela Castillo, como señorita fotogenia a Esther Muñiz, de Veracruz, y como traje típico más original a Estefanía Valadez Reyes que representó a Sinaloa.
Todo esto fue posible gracias al apoyo de nuestro líder nacional, dip. fed. Isaías González Cuevas y de todos los colaboradores del Comité Ejecutivo Nacional de la CROC, que estuvieron al pendiente para que el Certamen de Belleza Señorita Ecomundo fuera todo un éxito.
¡Felicitaciones a las 17 concursantes que pusieron en alto el nombre de las CROC y de los Estados que representaron
Game play going on. Kate, the teacher, is losing.
Today was a great day at the Fab Lab. The students were asking me what I games I liked to play, and I said chess. I've been wanting to make a chess set with the laser cutter anyway.
We designed up a simple chess set that would fit 8 sets on the 24" x 12" laser cutter and cut them out. We pulled together a group to peel of the backings and to make boards.
Our first inclination was to use the chess piece negatives as a board stencil. The idea was to tape them off and spray paint, but we ran out of spray paint and so used markers. In practice we decided to go checker board.
The lessons went into darkness, and the students were using LED lights to keep playing.
A good day.
The Engine Module Supervisor from the Inland Northwest National Wildlife Refuge Complex works with fire fighters from Spokane Valley Fire Department during ignition activities. Photo credit: Ken Meinhart, USFWS.
Kiribati Adaptation Program - Pilot Implementation Phase (KAP-II)
www.thegef.org/gef/project_detail?projID=2543
Blog on this project: "Drilling for water in Kiribati" www.thegef.org/gef/blog/Kiribati
Photo: Carlo Iacovino
Persistent URL: digital.lib.muohio.edu/u?/tradecards,3411
Subject (TGM): Men; Agricultural machinery & implements; Agricultural laborers; Farmers; Plows;
Paranapiacaba: Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.
Por concessão, um grupo inglês explorou o sistema ferroviário na Serra do Mar. E o primeiro sistema implementado foi o sistema funicular: com cabos e máquinas fixas. A primeira linha, com onze quilômetros de extensão, foi inaugurada em 1867 pelo grupo São Paulo Railway. Ela começou a ser construída em 1862 e teve como um dos maiores acionistas e idealizadores o lendário Barão de Mauá. Em 1859, ele chamou o engenheiro ferroviário britânico James Brunlees, que veio ao Brasil e deu viabilidade ao projeto. A execução de tal projeto foi de responsabilidade de outro engenheiro inglês, Daniel Makinson Fox. Um ponto curioso é que pela instabilidade do terreno, a construção da estrada de ferro foi quase artesanal. Não se utilizou explosivos por medo de desmoronamento. As rochas foram cortadas com talhadeiras e pequenas ferramentas manuais. Paredões de até 3 metros e 20 centímetros de altura foram construídos ao logo do traçado da estrada de ferro. A segunda linha começou a funcionar em 1900. Além de dar mais força ao sistema, os cabos e as máquinas fixas economizam energia para a operação dos trens. No entanto, vários acidentes eram registrados, principalmente pelo rompimento dos cabos. Havia uma espécie de freio, a tenaz, que agarrava os cabos para evitar a saída dos trens dos trilhos. Nem sempre o sistema, no entanto, funcionava de maneira satisfatória. Em 1956, um grande acidente foi evitado pelo maquinista na época, Romão Justo Filho, nascido em Paranapiacaba no mês de março de 1911, filho de maquinista também. Se a composição descarrilasse, cerca de 150 pessoas poderiam perder a vida. Através da utilização correta do sistema da tenaz, Romão foi “agarrando” aos poucos o cabo até que o trem parasse.
Os cabos do locobreque levavam desenvolvimento e riqueza para a região do ABC Paulista e de Santos. Tanto é que a companhia inglesa criou em 1896 uma vila essencialmente de ferroviários, com construções de madeira no estilo inglês. Em 1907, a Vila foi chamada de Paranapiacapa, mas até 1945 a estação continuou a ser chamada de Alto da Serra. A Vila possuía todos os recursos da época para os maquinistas, fiscais e “foguistas” – responsáveis pela alimentação da fornalha da máquina fixa e da máquina dos trens. Além de um mercado, de um posto de saúde, de um vagão-ambulância e até um vagão funerário, onde o velório era feito dentro da composição entre Santos e Paranapiacaba, os funcionários possuíam um centro de recreação, o União Lira Serrano, e um Campo de Futebol. No União Lira Serrano eram exibidos filmes, shows musicais e realizados bailes temáticos. A concessão da linha da Serra do Mar não foi apenas glórias e desenvolvimento. Fatos até hoje não explicados satisfatoriamente marcaram a história dos trilhos por onde circularam os Locobreques. Exemplos são os incêndios da Estação da Luz, dois dias antes da primeira etapa da concessão dos ingleses terminar, em 1946, e na velha estação de Paranapiacaba, em 1981. Antes mesmo do incêndio, a estação já havia sido desativada em 1977 e substituída pelo prédio atual. O relógio estilo inglês foi poupado no incêndio e deslocado para uma torre mais alta que a anterior. Nos dois incêndios, tanto na Estação da Luz quanto em Paranapiacaba, a suspeita principal é de motivação criminosa. Milhões de reais foram gastos para a reconstrução da Estação da Luz, que passou por décadas ainda sentido os efeitos do incêndio. Tanto é que ela teve de ser restaurada. A obra de restauração completa foi entregue somente em 2004, data dos 450 anos da cidade de São Paulo. A Estação da Luz teve três etapas fundamentais: Ela foi inaugurada em 1867, num pequeno prédio na região central da capital paulista. A demanda de passageiros foi aumentando aos poucos, e cerca de 15 anos depois o pequeno prédio foi demolido e um outro maior foi construído. A cidade crescia muito rapidamente e a estação teve de aumentar ainda mais. Em 1890 começaram as obras da estação na configuração atual. Em 1900, o segundo prédio antigo foi demolido e em 1901, a nova estação foi inaugurada. Obras constantes de modificações e ampliações foram realizadas ao longo das décadas na Estação da Luz, já que além da demanda de passageiros ser maior, o número de linhas férreas urbanas também cresceu. Antes mesmo do Locobreque, na Serra do Mar, uma primitiva máquina de madeira, também tracionada por cabos fazia o transporte entre os cinco patamares. Era a Serrabreque. Durante a operação da Serrabreque, Barão de Mauá era um dos administradores. Posteriormente, na vila de Paranapiacaba, os ingleses, no alto de uma subida, construíram uma mansão, que servia de centro de controle operacional. Apelidada pelos ferroviários de "Castelinho", a posição do local proporcionava uma privilegiada visão do sistema e de toda a estrutura da vila de Paranapiacaba. O sistema ferroviário da Serra do Mar era composto por diversos túneis, que eram alvos de lendas e histórias assombradas disseminadas pelos próprios ferroviários. Algumas dessas lendas tiveram origem no fato de muitos operários terem morrido na construção desses túneis.
Pátio ferroviário, estações e relógio:
A São Paulo Railway inaugurou sua linha férrea em 16 de fevereiro de 1867. Servia como transporte de passageiros e meio de localizada na então freguesia de São Bernardo. No ano de 1898, foi erguida uma nova estação com madeira, ferro e telhas francesas trazidos da Inglaterra. Esta estação tinha, como característica principal, o grande relógio fabricado pela Johnny Walker Benson, de Londres, que se destacava no meio da neblina muito comum naquela região. Com o aumento do volume e peso da carga transportada, foi iniciada em 1896 a duplicação da linha férrea, paralela à primeira, a fim de atender à crescente demanda. Essa nova linha, também denominada de Serra Nova, era formada por 5 planos inclinados e 5 patamares, criando um novo sistema funicular. Os assim chamados novos planos inclinados atravessavam 11 túneis em plena rocha, enfrentando o desnível de 796 metros que se iniciava no sopé da serra, em Piaçagüera, no município de Cubatão. O traçado da ferrovia foi retificado e suavizado e ampliaram-se os edifícios operacionais. A inauguração deu-se em 28 de dezembro de 1901. A primeira estação foi desativada e reutilizada, posteriormente, como cooperativa dos planos inclinados. A 15 de julho de 1945, a "Estação do Alto da Serra" passa a se denominar "Estação de Paranapiacaba". A 13 de outubro de 1946, a São Paulo Railway foi encampada pela União, criando-se a "Estrada de Ferro Santos-Jundiaí". Somente em 1950 a rede passa a unir-se à Rede Ferroviária Federal. Em 1974, é inaugurada o sistema de cremalheira aderência. No ano de 1977, a segunda estação foi desativada, dando lugar à atual estação. O relógio foi transferido do alto da estação anterior para a base de tijolo de barro atual. A 14 de janeiro de 1981, ocorreu um incêndio na antiga estação, destruindo-a completamente. O sistema funicular foi desativado em 1982. Em 2010, o Correio fez lançamento de selo postal ostentando o patrimônio ferroviário de Paranapiacaba.
Museu do funicular:
Trata-se da exibição das máquinas fixas do quinto patamar da segunda linha e a do quarto patamar da primeira linha, que transportavam o trem por meio do sistema funicular.
No museu, há, também, a exposição de diversos objetos de uso ferroviário, fotos e fichas funcionais de muitos ex-funcionários da ferrovia.
O locobreque:
O "locobreque" tinha a função de frear a composição na descida da serra e simultaneamente empurrava outra composição que subia. O cabo entre as duas máquinas passava por uma grande roda volante, chamada de "máquina-fixa" que ficava em cada um dos cinco patamares. Do nome inglês original, loco-brake, a máquina funcionava pela queima de carvão ou madeira numa fornalha, abastecida pelo foguista, que trabalhava ao lado do maquinista. As máquinas "locobreque" foram construídas em 1901 por Robert Stephenson & Co. Ltd. O sistema funicular proporcionava maior economia de energia gasta pelo "locobreque" e possibilitava o desempenho do trem nos aclives e declives. Havia uma inclinação de 8 graus entre cada um dos cinco patamares. Quando subia a Serra do Mar, o "locobreque" empurrava os vagões, que ficavam na frente da máquina. Quando descia, ele segurava os vagões, que ficavam atrás da máquina. Como o trem não tinha marcha-ré, havia um sistema chamado popularmente de "viradouro", através do qual os funcionários invertiam o sentido da locomotiva, girando a máquina em torno de si mesma. Antes do "locobreque" havia uma primitiva máquina de madeira, também tracionada por cabos, que fazia o transporte entre os cinco patamares. Era o "serrabreque". Durante a operação do "serrabreque", o Barão de Mauá ainda era um dos financistas da companhia. Até a metade do século XX, o transporte ferroviário era sinônimo de luxo. E um dos marcos foi o trem Cometa, que fazia a linha Santos – São Paulo. O trem possuía serviço de bordo e poltronas leito, como as de ônibus. Além dele, também havia os trens Estrela, Planeta e Litorina (Semi-luxo).
Museu do castelo:
Essa residência, também denominada de "Castelinho", situa-se entre a Vila Velha e a Vila Martin Smith. Localizada no alto de uma colina, com uma excelente vista privilegiada para toda a vila ferroviária, foi construída por volta de 1897 para ser a residência do engenheiro-chefe, que gerenciava o tráfego de trens na subida e descida da Serra do Mar, o pátio de manobras, as oficinas e os funcionários residentes na vila. Sua imponência simbolizava a liderança e a hierarquia que os ingleses impuseram a toda a vila; ela é avistada de qualquer ponto de Paranapiacaba. Dizia-se que de suas janelas voltadas para todos os lados de Paranapiacaba, o engenheiro-chefe fiscalizava a vida de seus subordinados, não hesitando em demitir qualquer solteiro que estivesse nas imediações das casas dos funcionários casados. No decorrer de mais de um século de uso, foram feitas várias reformas e tentativas de recuperação de seu aspecto original; as maiores reformulações foram realizadas nas décadas de 1950 e 1960. Foi restaurado pela prefeitura de Santo André em parceria com a World Monuments Fund.
Casas dos engenheiros:
Característica da arquitetura hierarquizada de Paranapiacaba, as casas habitadas pelos engenheiros e suas famílias eram de alto padrão. Grandes e avarandadas, foram construídas em madeira nos tempos da São Paulo Railway, com plantas baixas individualizadas; depois, em alvenaria nos tempos da Rede Ferroviária Federal, com mesmo padrão de plantas. Muitas sofreram reformas em vários momentos, principalmente com a chegada da RFFSA. Uma das caracteríticas que chama a atenção é a cobertura do imóvel, pois somente com estudos elaborados pelos conselhos de reconhecimento, concluiu-se que o material das telhas não era ardósia, e sim fibrocimento, introduzidos provavelmente a partir da década de 50 entre alguma das reformas que sofreram.
Casas de solteiros:
Características da arquitetura hierarquizada de Paranapiacaba, as casas de solteiros eram conhecidas como barracos. Foram construídas em madeira, exceto duas em alvenaria. Essa tipologia foi criada pela São Paulo Railway, e a Rede Ferroviária Federal deu continuidade, construindo-as em alvenaria. A planta dessas casas possui
dormitórios, sanitários e cozinha para pequenas refeições, serviam para alojar o grande fluxo de homens solteiros, que preenchiam as vagas de ferroviários. Havia poucos sanitários e chuveiros, já que os trabalhadores se revezavam em turnos.
The project was implemented by architect Irina Mayetnaya and Mikhail Golub. The 1,000 square feet apartment is located in Kiev, Ukraine. The apartment layout planning was limited by all windows facing one side of the building. The goal was to create a modern and functional apartment for the young family with children. Photos courtesy of Andrey Avdeenko.
The EAF-Nansen project with the Universidade Eduardo Mondlane run a three-week International Training Course on EAF from 14 to 31 October 2013.
The course was intended to provide participants with the opportunity to:
•understand the importance of looking at all components of the ecosystem to better understand the complexity of fishery systems;
•master EAF concepts, practices and tools related to the design and implementation of fisheries management plans, policies and projects;
•appreciate the fact that management of marine resources should ensure both human and ecosystem well-being and equity.
Female Adult Literacy program was initiated in 2016. At present PEP is running 26 Female Adult Literacy (FAL) Centers with 316 Female Adult Literacy members (Adult Students) in different areas of rural Sindh as follows,
Khipro48
Mirpurkhas47
Khawaja Goth7
Tando Allahyar80
Tando Ghulam Ali134
There are 6 area officers and 1 WEP coordinator for the implementing and monitoring of the adult literacy program.
As a gesture of appreciation Pervaiz Lodhie President and founder LEDtronics Inc. offered a special gift of a Solar Powered LED Solar Light to the 316 student and 7 program officers.
Funding for the solar lights was provided by one of gentleman from USA. His name is not mentioned here on his advice.
First distribution ceremony was held on Thursday October 12, 2017 in Shaleemabad, Achaar Khaskeli & Shanti Nagar ALCs located in Tando Allahyar districts.
Lt. Gen (Retd.) Syed Perwaiz Shahid a renowned educationist was chief guest for the event.
Ms. Lillian Charles Program Manager PEP and other team members from PEP were present in the event.
During the ceremony 72 female students received solar lanterns. PEP will organize another event in Hyderabad for the distribution of remaining solar lights in November 2017.
Hope you are well , I am fine too. We are thankful for all your support through lights that you have provided to Women who are part of Adult literacy classes. As I have received a call from Mr Shahid i am sharing the following information with you.
Women Empowerment groups were started in 2013 in all the PEP schools. The ideas was to provide awareness to women regarding their rights, responsibilities, savings, and issues such as early marriage. These women were provided training on building low cost washroom and they were also provided training on how to save their families during severe floods. At present PEP has 67 groups in total. Each group has a group of 10 females.
In 2016 , on the request of women, adult literacy course is introduced to the women. Project aimed at 5 centres in 2016 but 27 centre were started in 2016. they women were provide free books and no fee was charged from them. A mobilizer from the same village taught these classes.. They course is designed for one year as it is a weekly class.
In 2017 , PEP introduced a centre where women can learn from android tablets. PEP has designed three grade applications in Sindhi on tablets which are useful for these women. They can use those applications and hear sounds and can read the sentences and stories.
Now women are able to read and write sentences. Instead of thumb print they can write their names. They developed their confidence and able to perform theater on sensitive issues. Some of the theatre performances are uploaded on PEP website.
PEP is reaching out to the marginalized communities with a hope of educating them and making them effective citizen of our country.
PEP requested you to distribute these light as a token of thanks and as a resource for them so they can use it in the night too. They are thankful for all the encouragement that you have provided to them.
Please feel free to ask further information.
**
Querétaro, Qro., miércoles 21 de noviembre de 2012. ****
** **
****
*CONJUNTAN ESFUERZOS AUTORIDADES MUNICIPALES Y FEDERALES PARA IMPLEMENTAR
EL PROGRAMA “ENTRE MUJERES”*
* *
- *El Municipio de Querétaro, Diconsa y Liconsa firmaron un convenio de
colaboración para impulsar dicho programa *
- *Con este programa se atiende la instrucción de Roberto Loyola y de su
esposa Lucy Huber de brindar un espacio de atención a las mujeres*
** **
Con el objetivo de acercar a las mujeres un espacio público itinerante, que
permita escuchar y atender sus necesidades, este día se dio a conocer el
Programa “Entre Mujeres”, el cual operarán conjuntamente **la
Secretaría**de Desarrollo Social y el Sistema Municipal DIF, en el que
también se
contará con la participación de Diconsa, Liconsa, **la Secretaría** de
Salud estatal y ****la Comisión** Estatal** de Derechos Humanos. ****
** **
Lo anterior lo dio a conocer, en rueda de prensa, el Secretario de
Desarrollo Social Municipal, Erik Osornio Medina, quien dijo que con este
programa se atiende la instrucción del Presidente Municipal de Querétaro,
Roberto Loyola Vera y de su esposa Lucy Huber de Loyola, de brindar un
espacio de atención a las mujeres.****
** **
El Programa “Entre Mujeres”, que iniciará el próximo 23 de noviembre en la
explanada del Mercado del Tepetate, se llevará a cabo todos los viernes de
15:00 a 19:00 horas, en donde las mujeres podrán encontrar una respuesta
con perspectiva de género a sus inquietudes en temas como salud, familia,
trabajo, recreación, finanzas, entre otras. ****
** **
“Vamos a tener eventos culturales para las mujeres y trámites como becas y
vivienda; vamos a tener apoyo de **la Secretaría** de Salud del Estado para
la detección de cáncer de mama, cáncer cervicouterino y métodos de
planificación social; además de que llevaremos servicios para niños como **la
Caravana** de Cómputo y Ciencias y talleres de artes”.****
****
Al destacar la importancia de reconocer el papel preponderante que tiene la
mujer en todos los ámbitos de la sociedad, el Director del Sistema
Municipal DIF, Ricardo Ortega Pacheco, detalló que durante las jornadas de
atención se acercarán los servicios que ofrece el DIF a través de **la
Procuraduría** de **la Defensa** del Menor y **la Familia**, así como de
los Programa DIF Móvil, de Asistencia Social y de Atención Familiar y
Desarrollo Infantil.****
** **
Posterior a la firma del convenio de colaboración entre el Municipio de
Querétaro, Diconsa y Liconsa, que permitirá concretar estos beneficios para
las mujeres, Roberto García Domínguez, Gerente Estatal de Liconsa, dijo que
mediante este programa se buscará mejorar la alimentación de las familias
con productos lácteos de la mejor calidad, por lo que en estas jornadas
ofrecerán los productos a precios accesibles. ****
** **
Asimismo, Miguel Gutiérrez Hernández, Gerente de ****la Sucursal**
Bajío**de Diconsa, mencionó que en apoyo a la iniciativa del Municipio
ofrecerán
productos de la canasta básica a costos preferenciales, coadyuvando de esta
manera en la eliminación de la pobreza alimentaria. ****
Participants during the Session "Implementing Stakeholder Capitalism 1" at the World Economic Forum, Annual Meeting of the Global Future Councils 2019. Copyright by World Economic Forum / Benedikt von Loebell
Mapa mental explica como implementar iso 9001
www.pymesycalidad20.com/guia-libro-implementar-sistema-ca...
Nizza
Nice (/niːs/ NEESS; French pronunciation: [nis]) is a city in and the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France. The Nice agglomeration extends far beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of nearly one million on an area of 744 km2 (287 sq mi). Located on the French Riviera, the southeastern coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the French Alps, Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast and second-largest city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region after Marseille. Nice is approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) from the principality of Monaco and 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the French–Italian border. Nice's airport serves as a gateway to the region.
The city is nicknamed Nice la Belle (Nissa La Bella in Niçard), meaning 'Nice the Beautiful', which is also the title of the unofficial anthem of Nice, written by Menica Rondelly in 1912. The area of today's Nice contains Terra Amata, an archaeological site which displays evidence of a very early use of fire 380,000 years ago. Around 350 BC, Greeks of Marseille founded a permanent settlement and called it Nikaia, after Nike, the goddess of victory. Through the ages, the town has changed hands many times. Its strategic location and port significantly contributed to its maritime strength. From 1388, it was a dominion of Savoy, then became part of the French First Republic between 1792 and 1815, when it was returned to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, the legal predecessor of the Kingdom of Italy, until its annexation by France in 1860.
The natural environment of the Nice area and its mild Mediterranean climate came to the attention of the English upper classes in the second half of the 18th century, when an increasing number of aristocratic families began spending their winters there. In 1931, following its refurbishment, the city's main seaside promenade, the Promenade des Anglais ("Walkway of the English"), was inaugurated by Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught; it owes its name to visitors to the resort. These included Queen Victoria along with her son Edward VII who spent winters there, as well as Henry Cavendish, born in Nice, who discovered hydrogen.
The clear air and soft light have particularly appealed to notable painters, such as Marc Chagall, Henri Matisse, Niki de Saint Phalle, and Arman. Their work is commemorated in many of the city's museums, including Musée Marc Chagall, Musée Matisse and Musée des Beaux-Arts. International writers have also been attracted and inspired by the city. Frank Harris wrote several books including his autobiography My Life and Loves in Nice. Friedrich Nietzsche spent six consecutive winters in Nice, and wrote Thus Spoke Zarathustra there. Additionally, Russian writer Anton Chekhov completed his play Three Sisters while living in Nice.
Nice's appeal extended to the Russian upper classes. Prince Nicholas Alexandrovich, heir apparent to Imperial Russia, died in Nice and was a patron of the Russian Orthodox Cemetery, Nice where Princess Catherine Dolgorukova, morganatic wife of the Tsar Alexander II of Russia, is buried. Also buried there are General Dmitry Shcherbachev and General Nikolai Yudenich, leaders of the anti-Communist White Movement.
Those interred at the Cimetière du Château include celebrated jeweler Alfred Van Cleef, Emil Jellinek-Mercedes, founder of the Mercedes car company, film director Louis Feuillade, poet Agathe-Sophie Sasserno, dancer Carolina Otero, Asterix comics creator René Goscinny, The Phantom of the Opera author Gaston Leroux, French prime minister Léon Gambetta, and the first president of the International Court of Justice José Gustavo Guerrero.
Because of its historical importance as a winter resort town for the European aristocracy and the resulting mix of cultures found in the city, UNESCO proclaimed Nice a World Heritage Site in 2021. The city has the second largest hotel capacity in the country, and it is the second most visited metropolis in Metropolitan France, receiving four million tourists every year. It also has the third busiest airport in France, after the two main Parisian ones. It is the historical capital city of the County of Nice (French: Comté de Nice, Niçard: Countèa de Nissa).
History
Foundation
The first known hominid settlements in the Nice area date back about 400,000 years (homo erectus); the Terra Amata archeological site shows one of the earliest uses of fire, construction of houses, as well as flint findings dated to around 230,000 years ago. Nice was probably founded around 350 BC by colonists from the Greek city of Phocaea in western Anatolia. It was given the name of Níkaia (Νίκαια) in honour of a victory over the neighbouring Ligurians (people from the northwest of Italy, probably the Vediantii kingdom); Nike (Νίκη) was the Greek goddess of victory. The city soon became one of the busiest trading ports on the Ligurian coast; but it had an important rival in the Roman town of Cemenelum, which continued to exist as a separate city until the time of the Lombard invasions. The ruins of Cemenelum are in Cimiez, now a district of Nice.
Early development
In the 7th century, Nice joined the Genoese League formed by the towns of Liguria. In 729 the city repulsed the Saracens; but in 859 and again in 880 the Saracens pillaged and burned it, and for most of the 10th century remained masters of the surrounding country.
During the Middle Ages, Nice participated in the wars and history of Italy. As an ally of Pisa it was the enemy of Genoa, and both the King of France and the Holy Roman Emperor endeavoured to subjugate it; despite this, it maintained its municipal liberties. During the 13th and 14th centuries the city fell more than once into the hands of the Counts of Provence, but it regained its independence even though related to Genoa.
The medieval city walls surrounded the Old Town. The landward side was protected by the River Paillon, which was later covered over and is now the tram route towards the Acropolis. The east side of the town was protected by fortifications on Castle Hill. Another river flowed into the port on the east side of Castle Hill. Engravings suggest that the port area was also defended by walls. Under Monoprix in Place de Garibaldi are excavated remains of a well-defended city gate on the main road from Turin.
Duchy of Savoy
In 1388, the commune placed itself under the protection of the Counts of Savoy. Nice participated – directly or indirectly – in the history of Savoy until 1860.
The maritime strength of Nice now rapidly increased until it was able to cope with the Barbary pirates; the fortifications were largely extended and the roads to the city improved. In 1561 Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy abolished the use of Latin as an administrative language and established the Italian language as the official language of government affairs in Nice.
During the struggle between Francis I and Charles V great damage was caused by the passage of the armies invading Provence; pestilence and famine raged in the city for several years. In 1538, in the nearby town of Villeneuve-Loubet, through the mediation of Pope Paul III, the two monarchs concluded a ten years' truce.
In 1543, Nice was attacked by the united Franco-Ottoman forces of Francis I and Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha, in the Siege of Nice; though the inhabitants repulsed the assault which followed the terrible bombardment, they were ultimately compelled to surrender, and Barbarossa was allowed to pillage the city and to carry off 2,500 captives. Pestilence appeared again in 1550 and 1580.
In 1600, Nice was briefly taken by the Duke of Guise. By opening the ports of the county to all nations, and proclaiming full freedom of trade (1626), the commerce of the city was given great stimulus, the noble families taking part in its mercantile enterprises.
Captured by Nicolas Catinat in 1691, Nice was restored to Savoy in 1696; but it was again besieged by the French in 1705, and in the following year its citadel and ramparts were demolished.
Kingdom of Sardinia
The Treaty of Utrecht (1713) once more gave the city back to the Duke of Savoy, who was on that same occasion recognised as King of Sicily. In the peaceful years which followed, the "new town" was built. From 1744 until the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) the French and Spaniards were again in possession.
In 1775 the king, who in 1718 had swapped his sovereignty of Sicily for the Kingdom of Sardinia, destroyed all that remained of the ancient liberties of the commune. Conquered in 1792 by the armies of the First French Republic, the County of Nice continued to be part of France until 1814; but after that date it reverted to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia.
French annexation
After the Treaty of Turin was signed in 1860 between the Sardinian king and Napoleon III as a consequence of the Plombières Agreement, the county was again and definitively ceded to France as a territorial reward for French assistance in the Second Italian War of Independence against Austria, which saw Lombardy united with Piedmont-Sardinia. King Victor-Emmanuel II, on 1 April 1860, solemnly asked the population to accept the change of sovereignty, in the name of Italian unity, and the cession was ratified by a regional referendum. Italophile manifestations and the acclamation of an "Italian Nice" by the crowd are reported on this occasion. A plebiscite was voted on 15 and 16 April 1860. The opponents of annexation called for abstention, hence the very high abstention rate. The "yes" vote won 83% of registered voters throughout the county of Nice and 86% in Nice, partly thanks to pressure from the authorities. This is the result of a masterful operation of information control by the French and Piedmontese governments, in order to influence the outcome of the vote in relation to the decisions already taken. The irregularities in the plebiscite voting operations were evident. The case of Levens is emblematic: the same official sources recorded, faced with only 407 voters, 481 votes cast, naturally almost all in favor of joining France.
The Italian language, which was the official language of the County, used by the Church, at the town hall, taught in schools, used in theaters and at the Opera, was immediately abolished and replaced by French. Discontent over annexation to France led to the emigration of a large part of the Italophile population, also accelerated by Italian unification after 1861. A quarter of the population of Nice, around 11,000 people from Nice, decided to voluntarily exile to Italy. The emigration of a quarter of the Niçard Italians to Italy took the name of Niçard exodus. Many Italians from Nizza then moved to the Ligurian towns of Ventimiglia, Bordighera and Ospedaletti, giving rise to a local branch of the movement of the Italian irredentists which considered the re-acquisition of Nice to be one of their nationalist goals. Giuseppe Garibaldi, born in Nice, strongly opposed the cession to France, arguing that the ballot was rigged by the French. Furthermore, for the niçard general his hometown was unquestionably Italian. Politically, the liberals of Nice and the partisans of Garibaldi also appreciated very little Napoleonic authoritarianism. Elements on the right (aristocrats) as on the left (Garibaldians) therefore wanted Nice to return to Italy. Savoy was also transferred to the French crown by similar means.
In 1871, during the first free elections in the County, the pro-Italian lists obtained almost all the votes in the legislative elections (26,534 votes out of 29,428 votes cast), and Garibaldi was elected deputy at the National Assembly. Pro-Italians took to the streets cheering "Viva Nizza! Viva Garibaldi!". The French government sent 10,000 soldiers to Nice, closed the Italian newspaper Il Diritto di Nizza and imprisoned several demonstrators. The population of Nice rose up from 8 to 10 February and the three days of demonstration took the name of "Niçard Vespers". The revolt was suppressed by French troops. On 13 February, Garibaldi was not allowed to speak at the French parliament meeting in Bordeaux to ask for the reunification of Nice to the newborn Italian unitary state, and he resigned from his post as deputy. The failure of Vespers led to the expulsion of the last pro-Italian intellectuals from Nice, such as Luciano Mereu or Giuseppe Bres, who were expelled or deported.
The pro-Italian irredentist movement persisted throughout the period 1860–1914, despite the repression carried out since the annexation. The French government implemented a policy of Francization of society, language and culture. The toponyms of the communes of the ancient County were francized, with the obligation to use French in Nice, as well as certain surnames (for example the Italian surname "Bianchi" was francized into "Leblanc", and the Italian surname "Del Ponte" was francized into "Dupont").
Italian-language newspapers in Nice were banned. In 1861, La Voce di Nizza was closed (temporarily reopened during the Niçard Vespers), followed by Il Diritto di Nizza, closed in 1871. In 1895 it was the turn of Il Pensiero di Nizza, accused of irredentism. Many journalists and writers from Nice wrote in these newspapers in Italian. Among these are Enrico Sappia, Giuseppe André, Giuseppe Bres, Eugenio Cais di Pierlas and others.
During the repression of January and February 1894, the police conducted raids targeting the Italian anarchists living there, without much success.
20th century
In 1900, the Tramway de Nice electrified its horse-drawn streetcars and spread its network to the entire département from Menton to Cagnes-sur-Mer. By the 1930s more bus connections were added in the area. In the 1930s, Nice hosted international car racing in the Formula Libre (predecessor to Formula One) on the so-called Circuit Nice. The circuit started along the waterfront just south of the Jardin Albert I, then headed westward along the Promenade des Anglais followed by a hairpin turn at the Hotel Negresco to come back eastward and around the Jardin Albert I before heading again east along the beach on the Quai des Etats-Unis.
As war broke out in September 1939, Nice became a city of refuge for many displaced foreigners, notably Jews fleeing the Nazi progression into Eastern Europe. From Nice many sought further shelter in the French colonies, Morocco and North and South America. After July 1940 and the establishment of the Vichy Regime, antisemitic aggressions accelerated the exodus, starting in July 1941 and continuing through 1942. On 26 August 1942, 655 Jews of foreign origin were rounded up by the Laval government and interned in the Auvare barracks. Of these, 560 were deported to Drancy internment camp on 31 August 1942. Due to the activity of the Jewish banker Angelo Donati and of the Capuchin friar Père Marie-Benoît the local authorities hindered the application of anti-Jewish Vichy laws.
The first résistants to the new regime were a group of high school seniors of the Lycée de Nice, now Lycée Masséna , in September 1940, later arrested and executed in 1944 near Castellane. The first public demonstrations occurred on 14 July 1942 when several hundred protesters took to the streets along the Avenue de la Victoire and in the Place Masséna. In November 1942 German troops moved into most of unoccupied France, but Italian troops moved into a smaller zone including Nice. A certain ambivalence remained among the population, many of whom were recent immigrants of Italian ancestry. However, the resistance gained momentum after the Italian surrender in 1943 when the German army occupied the former Italian zone. Reprisals intensified between December 1943 and July 1944, when many partisans were tortured and executed by the local Gestapo. American paratroopers entered the city on 30 August 1944 and Nice was finally liberated. The consequences of the war were heavy: the population decreased by 15% and economic life was totally disrupted.
In the second half of the 20th century, Nice enjoyed an economic boom primarily driven by tourism and construction. Two men dominated this period: Jean Médecin, mayor for 33 years from 1928 to 1943 and from 1947 to 1965, and his son Jacques, mayor for 24 years from 1966 to 1990. Under their leadership, there was extensive urban renewal, including many new constructions. These included the convention centre, theatres, new thoroughfares and expressways. The arrival of the Pieds-Noirs, refugees from Algeria after 1962 independence, also gave the city a boost and somewhat changed the make-up of its population and traditional views. By the late 1980s, rumors of political corruption in the city government surfaced; and eventually formal accusations against Jacques Médecin forced him to flee France in 1990. Later arrested in Uruguay in 1993, he was extradited back to France in 1994, convicted of several counts of corruption and associated crimes and sentenced to imprisonment.
On 16 October 1979, a landslide and an undersea slide caused two tsunamis that hit the western coast of Nice; these events killed between 8 and 23 people.
21st century
In February 2001, European leaders met in Nice to negotiate and sign what is now the Treaty of Nice, amending the institutions of the European Union.
In 2003, local Chief Prosecutor Éric de Montgolfier alleged that some judicial cases involving local personalities had been suspiciously derailed by the local judiciary, which he suspected of having unhealthy contacts through Masonic lodges with the defendants. A controversial official report stated later that Montgolfier had made unwarranted accusations.
On 14 July 2016, a truck was deliberately driven into a crowd of people by Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel on the Promenade des Anglais. The crowd was watching a fireworks display in celebration of Bastille Day. A total of 87 people were killed, including the perpetrator, who was shot dead by police. Another 434 were injured, with 52 in critical care and 25 in intensive care, according to the Paris prosecutor. On 29 October 2020, a stabbing attack killed three people at the local Notre-Dame de Nice. One of the victims, a woman, was beheaded by the attacker. Several additional victims were injured. The attacker, who was shot by the police, was taken into custody. The Islamic state claimed responsibility for both attacks.
In 2021, the city was proclaimed a World Heritage Site by UNESCO as "Nice, Winter Resort Town of the Riviera".
On 18 July 2024, seve people from the same family, including three young children, three adults and a teenager were killed in an arson attack. The fire also critically injured one other person and caused thirty other people to suffer from smoke inhalation.
Architecture
The Promenade des Anglais ("Walkway of the English") is a promenade along the Baie des Anges ("Bay of the Angels"), which is a bay of the Mediterranean in Nice. Before Nice was urbanised, the coastline at Nice was just bordered by a deserted stretch of shingle beach (covered with large pebbles). The first houses were located on higher ground well away from the sea, as wealthy tourists visiting Nice in the 18th century did not come for the beach, but for the gentle winter weather. The areas close to the water were home to Nice's dockworkers and fishermen.
In the second half of the 18th century, many wealthy English people took to spending the winter in Nice, enjoying the panorama along the coast. This early aristocratic English colony conceived the building of a promenade with the leadership and financial support of Rev. Lewis Way. With the initial promenade completed, the city of Nice, intrigued by the prospect, greatly increased the scope of the work. The Promenade was first called the Camin dei Anglès (the English Way) by the Niçois in their native dialect Nissart. In 1823, the promenade was named La Promenade des Anglais by the French, a name that would stick after the annexation of Nice by France in 1860.
The Hotel Negresco on the Promenade des Anglais was named after Henri Negresco who had the palatial hotel constructed in 1912. In keeping with the conventions of the time, when the Negresco first opened in 1913 its front opened on the side opposite the Mediterranean.
Beginning at Place Masséna, heading east and parallel to the Promenade des Anglais, there is a "Zone Piétonne", or "Pedestrian Zone". Cars are not allowed (with exception to delivery trucks), making this avenue a popular walkway.
Old Nice is also home to the Opéra de Nice. It was constructed at the end of the 19th century under the design of François Aune, to replace King Charles Félix's Maccarani Theater. Today, it is open to the public and provides a regular program of performances.
Climate
Nice has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa), enjoying mild winters with moderate rainfall. It is one of the warmest Mediterranean climates for its latitude. Summers are warm to hot, dry, and sunny. Rainfall is rare in this season, and a typical July month only records one or two days with measurable rainfall. The temperature is typically above 26 °C (79 °F) but rarely above 32 °C (90 °F). The climate data is recorded from the airport, located just metres from the sea. Summer temperatures, therefore, are often higher in the city. The average maximum temperature in the warmest months of July and August is about 27 °C (81 °F). The highest recorded temperature was 37.7 °C (99.9 °F) on 1 August 2006. Autumn generally starts sunny in September and becomes more cloudy and rainy towards October, while temperatures usually remain above 20 °C (68 °F) until November where days start to cool down to around 17 °C (63 °F).
Winters are characterised by mild days (11 to 17 °C (52 to 63 °F)), cool nights (4 to 9 °C (39 to 48 °F)), and variable weather. Days can be either sunny and dry or damp and rainy. The average minimum temperature in January is around 5 °C (41 °F). Frost is unusual and snowfalls are rare. The most recent snowfall in Nice was on 26 February 2018.[46] Nice also received a dusting of snow in 2005, 2009 and 2010. Spring starts cool and rainy in late March, and Nice becomes increasingly warm and sunny around June.
Economy and tourism
Nice is the seat of the Chambre de commerce et d'industrie Nice Côte d'Azur, which manages the Port of Nice. Investors from France and abroad can benefit from the assistance of the Côte d'Azur Economic Development Agency Team Côte d'Azur.
Nice has one conference centre: the Palais des Congrès Acropolis. The city also has several business parks, including l'Arenas, Nice the Plain, Nice Méridia, Saint Isidore, and the Northern Forum.
In addition, the city features several shopping centres such as Nicetoile on Avenue Jean Médecin, Cap3000 in Saint-Laurent-du-Var (the 5th-biggest mall in France by surface area), Nice TNL, Nice Lingostière, Northern Forum, St-Isidore, the Trinity (around the Auchan hypermarket) and Polygone Riviera in Cagnes-sur-Mer.
Sophia Antipolis is a technology park northwest of Antibes. Much of the park is within the commune of Valbonne. Established between 1970 and 1984, it primarily houses companies in the fields of computing, electronics, pharmacology and biotechnology. Several institutions of higher learning are also located here, along with the European headquarters of W3C. It is known as "Europe's first science and technology hub" and is valued at more than 5 billion euros.
The Nice metropolitan area had a GDP amounting to $47.7 billion, and $34,480 per capita, slightly lower than the French average.
Culture
Terra-Amata, an archaeological site dating from the Lower Palaeolithic age, is situated near Nice. Nice itself was established by the ancient Greeks. There was also an independent Roman city, Cemenelum, near Nice, where the hill of Cimiez is located.
Since the 2nd century AD, the light of the city has attracted painters and sculptors such as Chagall, Matisse, Niki de Saint Phalle, Klein, Arman and Sosno. Nice inspired many composers and intellectuals in different countries e.g. Berlioz, Rossini, Nietzsche, etc.
Nice also has numerous museums of all kinds: Musée Marc Chagall, Musée Matisse, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Musée international d'Art naïf Anatole Jakovsky, Musée Terra-Amata, Museum of Asian Art, Musée d'art moderne et d'art contemporain (which devotes much space to the well-known École of Nice "), Museum of Natural History, Musée Masséna, Naval Museum and Galerie des Ponchettes.
Being a vacation resort, Nice hosts many festivals throughout the year, such as the Nice Carnival and the Nice Jazz Festival.
Nice has a distinct culture due to its unique history. The local language Niçard (Nissart) is an Occitan dialect (but some Italian scholars argue that it is a Ligurian dialect).[citation needed] It is still spoken by a substantial minority. Strong Italian and (to a lesser extent) Corsican influences make it more intelligible to speakers of Italian than other extant Provençal dialects.
In the past, Nice has welcomed many immigrants from Italy (who continue to make up a large proportion of the population), as well as Spaniards and Portuguese. In the past few decades immigration has been opened to include immigrants from all over the world, particularly those from former Northern and Western African colonies, as well as Southeast Asia.[citation needed] Traditions are still alive, especially in folk music and dances, including the farandole – an open-chain community dance.
Since 1860 a cannon (based at the Château east of Old Nice) is shot at twelve o'clock sharp. The detonation can be heard almost all over the city. This tradition goes back to Sir Thomas Coventry, who intended to remind the citizens of having lunch on time.
Hôtel du Couvent: A 17th-century monastery in Nice was transformed into a five-star hotel, opening its doors in June 2024. This project blends historical architecture with modern luxury, contributing to the city's hospitality offerings. LE MONDE.
Cuisine
The cuisine of Nice is especially close to those of Provence but also Liguria and Piedmont and uses local ingredients (olive oil, anchovies, fruit and vegetables) but also those from more remote regions, in particular from Northern Europe, because ships which came to pick up olive oil arrived full of food products, such as dried haddock.
The local cuisine is rich in around 200 recipes. Most famous include the local tart made with onions and anchovies (or anchovy paste), named "Pissaladière" and derived from the ligurian pissalandrea, a sort of pizza. Socca is a type of pancake made from chickpea flour. Farcis niçois is a dish made from vegetables stuffed with a mixture of breadcrumbs, meat (generally sausage and ground beef), and herbs; and salade niçoise is a tomato salad with baked eggs, tuna or anchovies, olives and often lettuce. Green peppers, vinaigrette, and other raw green vegetables may be included. Potatoes and green beans are not traditional components.
Local meat comes from neighbouring valleys, such as the sheep of Sisteron. Local fish, such as mullets, bream, sea urchins, anchovies and poutine/gianchetti are used to a great extent, so much so that it has given birth to a proverb: "fish are born in the sea and die in oil".
(Wikipedia)
Nizza (französisch Nice [nis], nissart Niça/Nissa) ist eine französische Großstadt mit 353.701 Einwohnern an der Mittelmeerküste (Côte d’Azur) im Département Alpes-Maritimes in der Region Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur. Seit Juli 2021 ist Nizza als „Winterurlaubsstadt an der Riviera“ Teil des UNESCO-Weltkulturerbes.
Nizza ist bevölkerungsmäßig die fünftgrößte Stadt Frankreichs und nach Marseille die zweitgrößte Stadt der provenzalischen Region Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur. Nizza ist Sitz der Präfektur des Départements Alpes-Maritimes. Sie liegt zwischen Cannes und dem Fürstentum Monaco, etwa 23 Kilometer (Luftlinie) von der Grenze zu Italien entfernt. Zusammen mit 48 weiteren Gemeinden bildet Nizza den Gemeindeverband Métropole Nice Côte d’Azur. Die Bevölkerungszahl im Ballungsraum beträgt über 944.000, die Aire urbaine hat 1,1 Millionen Einwohner.
Geographie
Nizza liegt im Südosten Frankreichs und in der direkten Verlängerung des Mercantour-Massivs (Seealpen), im Westen vom Var-Tal und im Osten vom Mont Boron begrenzt. Die Entfernung zum Fürstentum Monaco beträgt etwa zehn Kilometer, die Entfernung zur italienischen Grenze 30 Kilometer.
Sprache und Bevölkerung
Die Einwohner Nizzas werden im Französischen Niçois bezeichnet, im Deutschen als Nizzaer. Im nizzardischen Land wird noch teilweise ein okzitanischer bzw. provenzalischer Dialekt gesprochen, das sogenannte Nissart oder Niçard, standardsprachlich Niçois, das zuletzt wohl auf eine Vermischung des einheimischen ligurischen Dialekts mit dem Latein der römischen Eroberer zurückging.
Klima und Lokalgeographie
Durch die geschützte Lage ist Nizza auch im Winter einer der wärmsten Orte an der französischen Côte d’Azur. Die angenehmsten Reisemonate sind der Mai und Mitte September bis Mitte Oktober. Im Allgemeinen liegen die Temperaturen in Nizza einige Grad über den Temperaturen in Deutschland. Die Monate Juni bis August können sehr heiß werden. Die Winter sind mild, es gibt in Nizza kaum Frost. Deshalb war diese Stadt im 19. Jahrhundert ein beliebtes Winterquartier für Briten und Russen, darunter auch die Zarenfamilie. Noch heute zeugen die großen Hotels und Gärten sowie die orthodoxe Kirche von diesem Umstand. Nizza hat keinen Sand-, sondern einen Steinstrand. Das milde Mittelmeerklima begünstigt den Weinbau, das Weinbaugebiet um Nizza trägt den Namen Bellet.
Geschichte
Die Gegend des heutigen Nizza war bereits vor 400.000 Jahren vom Homo erectus besiedelt. 1965 stieß man bei Ausschachtungsarbeiten auf zahlreiche Artefakte, die heute im Museum Terra Amata ausgestellt sind. Vor 190.000 bis 130.000 Jahren lebten hier Neandertaler, deren Überreste in der Grotte du Lazaret ausgegraben wurden.
Wahrscheinlich um 350 v. Chr. besiegten die Phokäer aus der Gegend um Marseille die Ligurer und gründeten Νίκαια Níkaia („die Siegreiche“, nach der Siegesgöttin Nike). Im Jahre 154 v. Chr. setzten sich die Römer in der Gegend fest, nachdem die griechischen Siedlungen Nikaia und Antipolis, das heutige Antibes, von Ligurern aus der Gegend von Biot und Cannes angegriffen worden waren. Zur Sicherung der Region wurde daraufhin von den Römern neben Nikaia eine zweite Siedlung, Cemenelum, auf den Bergen des heutigen Cimiez errichtet. Die erhaltenen Ruinen deuten für Cemenelum (der heutige Stadtteil Cimiez) eine Bevölkerungszahl von 15.000 bis 20.000 Einwohnern an. Der Ort war damit ein regionaler Verwaltungsmittelpunkt und erlebte insbesondere durch den Bau der Via Julia Augusta (7 v. Chr.) einen Aufschwung, sodass etwa zu dieser Zeit der Stützpunkt zur Stadt anwuchs.
Im fünften Jahrhundert wurde Cemenelum zugunsten von Nikaia aufgegeben. Die Provence fiel 508 an die Ostgoten, 536 an das Frankenreich. 813, 859 und 880 wurde Nizza von sarazenischen Angreifern geplündert, die vom Meer her kamen. Auch in der Folgezeit (z. B. im Jahr 943) war die Stadt den Angriffen der Muslime ausgeliefert. Diese hatten sich von 888 bis um 975 im nahen Fraxinetum festgesetzt, ehe Graf Wilhelm von der Provence sie vertreiben konnte.
1144 wird ein Stadtrat („Consulat“) erwähnt, 1176 eine erste Stadtverfassung. Nizza blieb allerdings weiter der Grafschaft Provence unterstellt, sodass die Stadt im zwölften Jahrhundert aragonesisch war und ab 1246 zum Haus Anjou gehörte. Im 13. Jahrhundert machte sich zunehmend die Konkurrenz zu Genua bemerkbar, das um 1215 kurzzeitig die Oberhoheit über die Stadt erlangte. Als Reaktion ließ der Graf der Provence um 1250 in Nizza eine Flotte stationieren. 1295 erfolgte die Gründung der Stadt Villefranche (so viel wie Freie Stadt) nahe bei Nizza mit einem Stützpunkt zur Bekämpfung der Piraterie. 1385 kam es nach dem Tod der Landesherrin Johanna I. zu Erbfolgewirren, als Karl von Anjou und dessen Vetter Karl von Durazzo die Grafschaft Provence für sich beanspruchten. In dieser Situation wandte sich Nizza auf Anstiften des Herrn Jean Grimaldi gegen die Anjous, woraufhin im Jahre 1388 Graf Amadeus VII. von Savoyen den östlichen Teil der Provence als Terre Neuve de Provence seiner Grafschaft einverleibte und somit einen Zugang zum Meer erlangte. Später wurde dieser Teil Savoyens seinerseits zur Grafschaft Nizza (Comté de Nice) erhoben. Aufgrund ihrer strategischen Lage wurde die Stadt stark befestigt und war in der Folge immer wieder umkämpft.
1524 durchquerte Franz I. von Valois-Angoulême die Grafschaft Nizza, um die französischen Ansprüche in der Lombardei gegen die Habsburger zu erkämpfen. Er geriet in der Schlacht von Pavia jedoch in die Gefangenschaft Karls V., der ihn 1525 von Villefranche mit dem Schiff nach Spanien bringen ließ. 1536 zog sich der Herzog von Savoyen vor dem König von Frankreich in die Grafschaft Nizza zurück. Zwei Jahre später wurde in Nizza unter Vermittlung von Papst Paul III. ein Waffenstillstand zwischen Franz I. und Karl V. ausgehandelt. 1543 erfolgte die Belagerung und Plünderung von Nizza durch die französischen Truppen und die Flotte von Khair ad-Din Barbarossa; die Zitadelle konnte gehalten werden. Der lokalen Überlieferung nach war es eine Wäscherin, Catherine Ségourane, die als eine „Jeanne d’Arc von Nizza“ den Abzug osmanischer Truppen erzwungen haben soll.
Im Jahre 1600 ließ Heinrich IV. die Stadt belagern. Anlässlich des Friedens von Lyon von 1601 verblieb Nizza beim Herzogtum Savoyen, das hier 1614 einen der drei Gerichtshöfe des Landes errichtete. 1631 wurde Nizza von einer Pestepidemie heimgesucht. 1642 wurden die Spanier aus Nizza vertrieben. 1691 nahm Ludwig XIV. Nizza und die Region ein, zugleich übernahm er den Titel eines Grafen von Nizza. 1693 besichtigte der Militärarchitekt Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban die Region um Nizza zur Organisation der Instandsetzung der Festungsanlagen. Zwei Jahre später erlangte der Herzog von Savoyen die Grafschaft Nizza durch die Heirat seiner Tochter mit einem Enkel Ludwigs XIV. zurück. Im Spanischen Erbfolgekrieg kam es erneut zu Kämpfen in der Region, da sich Savoyen auf die Seite der Habsburger gegen Frankreich stellte. Ein französischer Angriff unter General Catinat führte allerdings zur weitgehenden Zerstörung der Festung.
1744, im Rahmen des Österreichischen Erbfolgekriegs, eroberten französisch-spanische Truppen die Grafschaft, die allerdings im Aachener Frieden von 1748 erneut Savoyen zugesprochen wurde. 1749 wurde das Bassin Lympia, der heutige Hafen, angelegt. Nach einer Volksabstimmung wurde 1793 die Grafschaft an Frankreich angegliedert und zum 85. Département mit dem Namen Alpes-Maritimes erhoben.
Von hier aus begann Napoleon Bonaparte 1796 seinen Italienfeldzug, der zur Besetzung des Piemont führte. 1800 wurde die Region kurzfristig durch österreichische Truppen besetzt, jedoch nach dem Sieg Napoleons in der Schlacht bei Marengo wieder der französischen Herrschaft unterstellt. 1804 erkannte Nizza das Empire mit 3.488 zu 2 Stimmen an. Im Jahre 1814 fiel im Ersten Pariser Frieden die Grafschaft Nizza an Piemont zurück, das mittlerweile Teil des Königreichs Sardinien geworden war. Die Grenzen von 1760 wurden damit wiederhergestellt. 1859 unterstützte Frankreich die gegen die Habsburger errungene nationale Einigung Italiens unter der Herrschaft des Königs von Sardinien-Piemont, der Napoleon III. dafür im Vertrag von Turin die endgültige Angliederung Savoyens und Nizzas an Frankreich zugestehen musste. Das wurde von der Bevölkerung Nizzas in einem Plebiszit 1860 gebilligt, 6810 der 7912 Wahlberechtigten unterstützten das Vorhaben. Die Eisenbahn (PLM – Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée) erreichte 1864[4] die Stadt. Da der Bahnhof weit außerhalb der Stadt auf freiem Feld gebaut wurde, verlagerte sich die Bautätigkeit auf das Gebiet jenseits des Flusses Paillon. Die Altstadt blieb dadurch gut erhalten. 1882 erbaute der französische Architekt Charles Garnier das Observatorium von Nizza.
Mittlerweile war die Stadt als Sommerfrische der Briten so sehr etabliert, dass Alexandre Dumas 1851 erklärte, Nizza sei im Grunde eine englische Stadt, in der man hin und wieder auch einen Einheimischen treffen könne. Zunehmend logierte hier auch der europäische Hochadel, so der russische Zar und Victoria von Großbritannien. Verbrachten um 1890 hier etwa 22.000 Gäste den Winter, so waren es um 1910 bereits 150.000, bei 140.000[4] Einwohnern um 1911.
Der Aufschwung des Tourismus wurde von einer Industrialisierung begleitet, die im 20. Jahrhundert zunehmend italienische Gastarbeiter anzog, die sich überwiegend in den Vierteln Riquier und Madeleine niederließen. Weiße Russen und andere Russlandflüchtlinge nach den Russischen Revolutionen gründeten in Nizza das Comité d’assistance aux réfugiés de Russie, die Arbeitsvermittlung Société de secours par le travail pour les émigrés russes de la Côte d’Azur und das Altersheim Villa Konak des russischen roten Kreuzes. In Nizza erschien die italienischsprachige faschistische Zeitung Il Pensiero latino.
Im Zweiten Weltkrieg blieb die Stadt, die zunächst italienisch und später deutsch besetzt war, weitgehend unbeschädigt; in den Bergen oberhalb der Stadt befanden sich Widerstandszentren der Résistance. Bei einem amerikanischen Luftangriff am 27. Mai 1944 starben 316 Menschen. Am 30. August 1944 wurde Nizza befreit, nachdem am 15. August bei Cannes die alliierte Flotte in der Operation Dragoon gelandet war. Am 13. Mai 1945 gewann die sozialistische SFIO den zweiten Wahlgang für die Stadtregierung.
Während in der Nachkriegszeit der Anteil der Briten in der Stadt nach und nach zurückging, stieg der von italienischen Immigranten, finanziell gutgestellten Rentnern aus anderen Teilen Frankreichs und „repatriierten“ Algerienfranzosen (Pied-noir) und Harki-Familien aus den früheren französischen Kolonien besonders nach dem Ende des Algerienkriegs an. 1974 initiierte der über enge Kontakte zur extremen Rechten verfügende Bürgermeister Jacques Médecin eine Städtepartnerschaft mit Kapstadt im damals wegen der Apartheid international geächteten Südafrika. Im Jahr 1979 wurde Nizza von zwei Tsunamis heimgesucht.
Im Jahr 2000 wurde in der Stadt der Vertrag von Nizza verabschiedet. Nizza hat eine im nationalen Vergleich überdurchschnittlich hohe Arbeitslosigkeit und Armut mit überdurchschnittlich vielen Sozialwohnungen (Habitation à loyer modéré, HLM) und zählt überdurchschnittlich viele Wähler der extremen Rechten (FN, Les Identitaires/Nissa Rebela). Aus Sicherheitsgründen wurden rund 1700 Überwachungskameras installiert. Die Stadt, die als ein Zentrum der Kleinkriminalität gilt, beschäftigte 2017 rund 400 Polizisten. Besonders schwierig für die Bewohner ist die Lage im Randquartier L’Ariane, im äußersten Nordosten der Stadt, einst eine Mülldeponie, das vom Innenministerium als Zone de sécurité prioritaire (ZSP) eingestuft wurde. Der Stadtteil hat eine zu 80 Prozent muslimische Bevölkerung.
Während der Feierlichkeiten zum Nationalfeiertag am Abend des 14. Juli 2016 fuhr ein Lastkraftwagen rund zwei Kilometer lang durch eine Menschenmenge auf der Promenade des Anglais. Bei dem Anschlag in Nizza wurden 86 Menschen getötet und mehr als 200 Personen zum Teil schwer verletzt. Der Fahrer, ein 31-jähriger Einwohner Nizzas mit tunesischer Staatsbürgerschaft, wurde bei einem Schusswechsel von der Polizei getötet.
Die Stadt arbeitet mit zahlreichen kulturellen und sozialen Projekten an der Verbesserung des sozialen Zusammenhalts und der Lebensqualität.
Kultur und Sehenswürdigkeiten
Architektur
Infolge ihrer wechselhaften Vergangenheit entstand in der Stadt Nizza ein reiches architektonisches Erbe. Durch die Konzentration der Bautätigkeit auf die Stadterweiterung im Zweiten Kaiserreich blieb der Altstadtkern im Wesentlichen intakt. Auch viele Villen, Paläste und Barockkirchen wurden schon zur Zeit der Savoyer errichtet und blieben erhalten. Eine Besonderheit stellt die in mehreren historischen Etappen ab 1868 durchgeführte Einwölbung des Flusses Paillon dar. Sie ermöglichte es, im heutigen Zentralbereich der Stadt bedeutende Grünflächen zu schaffen und ein Teil der so gewonnenen Flächen diente auch als Bauplatz großer öffentlicher Gebäude. Die Belle Époque vor 1914 hinterließ in Nizza ebenfalls deutliche Spuren.
Bauwerke
In der gut erhaltenen Altstadt finden sich zahlreiche Barockbauten. Zu den Kirchen zählen die Kathedrale Sainte-Réparate aus dem 17. Jahrhundert, deren Fassade allerdings aus dem Jahr 1825 stammt, die Verkündigungskirche (Sainte-Rita), die Église du Gésu, die Kirche Saint-Martin-Saint-Augustin, die Grabtuchkirche St-Suaire oder die Église la Miséricorde.
Des Weiteren heben sich Profanbauten wie die Präfektur, einst Sitz der Herzoge von Savoyen oder das Palais communal als ehemaliges Rathaus hervor. Dieses wurde 1580 erbaut und im 17. Jahrhundert von Marc’Antonio Grigho um ein monumentales Portal erweitert. Oberhalb der Altstadt liegt der Schlosshügel (Colline du Château) mit Ruinen der 1706 geschleiften Zitadelle.
Die Place Garibaldi und die Place Masséna, beide einheitlich gestaltete Platzanlagen nach Turiner Vorbildern, bilden den Übergang zur Neustadt. Sie ist charakterisiert durch zahlreiche Luxushotels, Appartementhäuser und Villen aus der Belle Époque. Das berühmteste Hotel ist das Negresco. An der Südseite der Neustadt befindet sich die Promenade des Anglais, eine zwischen 1822 und 1824 angelegte Prachtstraße.
Das Anwachsen der russischen Gemeinschaft seit der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts zog den Bau orthodoxer Kirchen nach sich. Die erste russische Kirche Saint-Nicolas-et-Sainte-Alexandra wurde ab 1858 vom Architekten Antoine-François Barraya erbaut und war damit die erste in Westeuropa. In den 1860er Jahren folgten eine Gedenkkapelle (1867–1868) für den Zarewitsch Nikolai Alexandrowitsch Romanow, der hier 1865 verstarb, und der Russische Friedhof, der älteste und zweitgrößte russische Friedhof Frankreichs, mit der Kapelle Saint-Nicolas (1867–1868). Im Jahr 1912 schuf schließlich der Architekt Preobrajensky im Auftrag des Zaren Nikolaus II. die russisch-orthodoxe Kathedrale Saint-Nicolas, die größte außerhalb Russlands.
Am Berg Cimiez sind die Ausgrabungen der römischen Stadt zu besichtigen. Dort befindet sich außerdem ein Franziskanerkloster mit Gemälden von Jacques Bréa und der Friedhof, auf dem Henri Matisse begraben ist. Die Deutsche Kirche Nizza besteht seit italienischer Zeit.
Veranstaltungen
Jährlich im Februar findet anlässlich des Karnevals auf Nizzas Renommierstraße der Promenade des Anglais der auch im übrigen Europa bekannt gewordene Blumenkorso mit festlich geschmückten Motivwagen und unzähligen Blütenarrangements statt.
Wirtschaft
Die Wirtschaft wird durch den Tourismus und die Spitzentechnologie dominiert. Das Technologiezentrum Sophia Antipolis befindet sich etwa 20 Kilometer westlich der Stadt.
Nizza war bis zum Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie und des russischen Überfalls auf die Ukraine ein beliebtes Reiseziel vieler Russen einschließlich russischer Oligarchen.
Wissenswertes
Seit 1860 wird jeden Tag um Punkt 12 Uhr eine Kanone vom Château östlich der Altstadt in voller Lautstärke abgefeuert. Diese Tradition geht auf Sir Thomas Coventry zurück, der mit Unterstützung des Bürgermeisters hierdurch ein pünktliches Mittagessen der Bewohner fördern wollte.
Der deutsche Nutzfahrzeughersteller Magirus-Deutz benannte anno 1960 einen Luxus-Omnibus nach der Stadt Nizza. Das Modell „Nizza“ bekam seinen Namen, nachdem es auf der Internationalen Omnibuswoche, die in Nizza stattfand, den ersten Preis im Karosseriewettbewerb und bei den technischen Prüfungen gewonnen hatte.
(Wikipedia)
While visiting my parents back home in NJ I wanted to help my Dad clean out the garage and basement. As an engineer, he's amassed a huge amount of tools and equipment over the last ~50 years! I decided to photograph some of it before it was gone.
“Implementing the 2030 Agenda: A New Vision for Development – The Contribution of UN Vienna-Based Organizations”
ACUNS Vienna UN Conference 2017
Hosted by UNODC
Vienna International Centre, Tuesday, 17 – 19 January 2017.
Implementation of a "Dock" using only Rainmeter
Two skins:
AppDock - Application "Dock" using Rainmeter buttons. Fully functional including the Recycle Bin
InfoBar - System information and clock at the top of the screen. Clickable links to GMail and Weather.com
Everything you should need is included:
-New RecycleManager Plugin (put in ..\Rainmeter\Plugins)
-Recycle Bin images and "empty.exe"
-Button images (and the .psd file to modify)
-Background images (and the .psd file to modify)
-Wallpaper
Available on Deviant Art at: jsmorley.deviantart.com/art/JMDock-122054693
Today was a great day at the Fab Lab. The students were asking me what I games I liked to play, and I said chess. I've been wanting to make a chess set with the laser cutter anyway.
We designed up a simple chess set that would fit 8 sets on the 24" x 12" laser cutter and cut them out. We pulled together a group to peel of the backings and to make boards.
Our first inclination was to use the chess piece negatives as a board stencil. The idea was to tape them off and spray paint, but we ran out of spray paint and so used markers. In practice we decided to go checker board.
The lessons went into darkness, and the students were using LED lights to keep playing.
A good day.
A young girl child attends a UNICEF supported Child Protection Centre in Ghaniabad village of Dera Ismail Khan district in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. ..Through implementing partners, UNICEF supports flood victims in this neighbourhood with provisions for clean water, sanitation, Child Protection Centres and health interventions for women and children. ..This region in Dera Ismail Khan district is very close to South Waziristan, a conflict area where Taliban are engaged in war with the Government of Pakistan. Recently due to floods, thousands of landmines have floated down from conflict regions into villages in and around Dera Ismail Khan and dozens of men, women and children have either died of been disable due to these mines...UNICEF also supports mine risk education in affected regions of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province through SPADO (Sustainable Peace and Development Organization), a local NGO with expertise and resources to conduct such workshops in areas that are difficult to access due to insecurity.. .By the end of January 2011, the people of Pakistan continue to struggle with the effects of the worst flooding in their country’s recorded history. The flooding began in mid-July 2010 and, at its height, affected 20 million people, half of them children. An estimated 170,000 people remain displaced in camps and spontaneous settlements, primarily in Sindh Province, but all four provinces and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas face difficult recoveries. Millions have returned to ruined homes and damaged infrastructure, with recovery and rebuilding costs estimated at US$8-10 billion. Six months after the crisis began, a joint nutrition survey conducted by the Government and aid agencies, including UNICEF, has revealed that malnutrition rates for children under five far exceed critical levels: the rate of severe acute malnutrition, a deadly condition, stands at 6.1 per cent in northern Sindh, and the province’s global acute malnutrition rates are betw
Lowenstark’s Log: 02-16-XX
So, as I listen to Weird Al over my League HQ soundsystem, work on implementing some fundamental genetics and biological knowledge using skillsoft, continue to design my personal sound projection technology, and consider starting a D&D game here with my friends, I can’t help but think I’m probably the biggest freakin’ nerd in Midian City.
That, and I tend to suddenly break into late twentieth century breakdancing at random. That HAS to be a bad sign.
* * * * *
www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xEzGIuY7kw
They see me mowin' my front lawn
I know they're all thinkin' I'm so
White and nerdy
Think I'm just too white and nerdy
Think I'm just too white and nerdy
Can't you see I'm white and nerdy
Look at me I'm white and nerdy
I wanna roll with the gangstas
But so far they all think I'm too
White and nerdy
Think I'm just too white and nerdy
Think I'm just too white and nerdy
I'm just too white and nerdy
Really, really white and nerdy
First in my class here at MIT
Got skills, I'm a champion at D&D
M.C. Escher, that's my favorite M.C.
Keep your 40, I'll just have an Earl Grey tea
My rims never spin, to the contrary
You'll find that they're quite stationary
All of my action figures are Cherry
Stephen Hawking's in my library
My MySpace page is all totally pimped out
Got people beggin' for my top eight spaces
Yo, I know pi to a thousand places
Ain't got no grills but I still wear braces
I order all of my sandwiches with mayonnaise
I'm a wiz at Minesweeper, I could play for days
Once you've see my sweet moves, you're gonna stay amazed
My fingers movin' so fast I'll set the place ablaze
There's no killer app I haven't run (run)
At Pascal, well I'm number one (one)
Do vector calculus just for fun
I ain't got a gat, but I got a soddering gun (what?)
Happy Days is my favorite theme song
I could sure kick your butt in a game of ping pong
I'll ace any trivia quiz you bring on
I'm fluent in JavaScript as well as Klingon
Here's the part I sing on...
You see me roll on my segway I know in my heart they think I'm
White and nerdy
Think I'm just too white and nerdy
Think I'm just too white and nerdy
Can't you see I'm white and nerdy
Look at me I'm white and nerdy
I'd like to roll with the gangstas
Although it's apparent I'm too
White and nerdy
Think I'm just too white and nerdy
Think I'm just too white and nerdy
I'm just too white and nerdy
How'd I get so white and nerdy
I been browsin', inspectin' X-Men comics
You know I collect 'em
The pens in my pocket, I must protect them
My ergonomic keyboard never leaves me bored
Shoppin' online for deals on some writable media
I edit Wikipedia
I memorized Holy Grail really well
I can recite it right now and have you R-O-T-F-L-O-L
I got a business doing websites (websites)
When my friends need some code, who do they call?
I do HTML for 'em all
Even made a homepage for my dog, yo
I got myself a fanny pack
They were havin' a sale down at The Gap
Spend my nights with a roll of bubble wrap
Pop, pop - hope no one sees me gettin' freaky
I'm nerdy in the extreme
whiter than sour cream
I was in AV club and glee club
And even the chess team
Only question I ever thought was hard
Was "Do I like Kirk or do I like Picard?"
Spend every weekend at the Renaissance Fair
Got my name on my underwear
They see me strollin', they're laughin'
And rollin' their eyes cause I'm so
White and nerdy
Just because I'm white and nerdy
Just because I'm white and nerdy
All because I'm white and nerdy
Holy cow, I'm white and nerdy
I wanna bowl with the gangstas
But oh well, it's obvious I'm
White and nerdy
Think I'm just too white and nerdy
Think I'm just too white and nerdy
I'm just too white and nerdy
Look at me I'm white and nerdy
Antique Farm Implement.
Penn Farm Agricultural Heritage Center.
Cedar Hill State Park. Cedar Hill, Texas.
Dallas County. September 10, 2020.
Nikon D750. AF-S Nikkor 70-200mm f/4 G ED VR.
(70mm) f/5.6 @ 1/200 sec. ISO 1400.
About Dr.Mihir Kumar Panda, Ph.D,D.Litt,, innovator
World’s only achiever of large number of World Record for 10,000 Teaching Aids & innovations
Founder & Co-ordinator General, ‘SROSTI’ (Social Development research Organisation for Science, technology & Implementation)
Collaborator Vijnana Bana Ashram
Bahanaga, Baleshwar, Odisha, India-756042
Website : simpleinnovationproject.com
E-Mail- : mihirpandasrosti@gmail.com
Face Book link:https://www.facebook.com/mihirpandasrosti
WIKIMAPIA
wikimapia.org/#lang=en&lat=-6.174348&lon=106.8293...
Contact No. : +91 7008406650
Whatsapp: +91 9438354515
Dr.Mihir Kumar Panda, an Educational, Societal and Scientific Innovator has established an NGO 'SROSTI' at Bahanaga, Balasore,Odisha,India
Dr. panda has innovated/invented more than 10,000 (ten thousand) teaching aids and different innovations and he has more than 30,000 (Thirty thousand) ideas to make scientific and mathematical models.
His creations are very essential guide for school and college science exhibitions, innovative learning and play way method for the teachers and students, science activists, innovators, craftsmen, farmers, masons, physically challenged persons, common men, entrepreneurs and industrialists.
He is popularizing science through song, innovative demonstrations and motivational speech since 1990 in different parts of Odisha state without taking any fees.
Dr. Panda is an extreme motivational speaker in science and possess magical scientific demonstration and a crowd puller.
Innovator Mihir Kumar Panda loves nature and in his agricultural farm he does not uses the chemicals , fertilizers and pesticides. In his farm even the smallest creatures like snakes, caterpillar, white ants, worms ,vermies are in peace and are managed successfully not to do harm.
Dr. Panda is an Educationist, an environmentalist, a poet for science popularization, a good orator, a best resource person to train others in specific field of science and engineering.
The uniqueness of Simple Innovation and scientific activities and achievements ofDr. Panda can not be assessed without visiting his laboratory which is a living wonder in the realm of science.
From a small cake cutter to mechanical scissor, from a play pump to rickshaw operated food grain spreader and from a village refrigerator to a multi-purpose machine, thousands of such inventions and innovations are proof of Dr. Panda's brilliance.
From a tube well operated washing machine to weight sensitive food grain separator, from a password protected wardrobe to automatic screen, from a Dual face fan to electricity producing fan are example of few thousands of innovations and inventions of Mihir Kumar Panda.
Dr.Mihir Kumar Panda though bestowed to a popular name as Einstein of Odisha is obliviously treated as Thomas Alva Edison of India.
Dr. Panda's residential house also resembles a museum with scientific innovations of different shapes and sizes stacked in every nook and cranny which proves his scientific involvement in personal life.
Innovator Panda believes that , the best thing a child can do with a toy to break it. he also believes that by Educating child in his/her choice subject/ passion a progressive nation can be built.
The shelf made scientist Dr. Panda believes that Education is a life long process whose scope is far greater than school curriculum. The moulding of models/ innovations done by hand always better than the things heard and the facts incorporated in the books.
With no agricultural background, Dr. Panda has developed unique natural bonsai in his Vijnana Bana Ashram which also shows path for earning just by uprooting and nurturing the plants which are found to be small and thumb in nature.
Dr. Panda's Scientific Endeavour and research is no doubt praise worthy. One cannot but believe his dedicated effort in simple innovation laboratory.
Social service, innovation/ inventions, writing, free technology to students for preparation of science exhibition projects, free technology to common men for their sustainability, preparation of big natural bonsai, technology for entrepreneurs and industrialists for innovative item are few works of Mihir Kumar Panda after his Government service.
. To overcome the difficulties of science and math, explanation in classes, innovator Panda has created few thousands of educational, societal and scientific innovations which helps teachers and students of the country and abroad.
Dr. Panda believes that though inventions/innovation has reached under thousands and thousands deep in the sea and high up in the space. It has reached on moon and mars, but unfortunately the sustainable inventions/innovation has not properly gone to the tiny tots and common people.
Dr. Panda is amazing and wizard of innovations and works with a principle the real scientist is he, who sees the things simply and works high.
Dr.Mihir Kumar Panda's work can be explained in short
Sports with Science from Dawn to Dusk
Struggle some life- science in words and action
Triumphs of Science - Science at foot path
Hilarious dream in midst scarcity
A life of innovator de-avoided of Advertisement.
FELICITATIONS, AWARDS, HONOURS & RECORDS
* 200+ Felicitation and Awards from different NGOs, Schools & Colleges within the State of Odisha and National level.
* 10 Nos Gold, Silver & Bronze medal from different National & International level.
*Awarded for 10,000 innovations & 30,000 ideas by Indian Science Congress Association, Govt. of India.
* Honorary Ph.D From Nelson Mandela University, United States of America
* Honorary Ph.D From Global Peace University, United States of America& India
* Honorary D.Litt From Global Peace University, United States of America& India
* Title ‘Einstein of Odisha’ by Assam Book of Records, Assam
* Title ‘Thomas Alva Edison of India’ by Anandashree Organisation, Mumbai
* Title ‘ Einstein of Odisha & Thomas Alva Edison of India’ from Bengal Book of World record.
*World Record from OMG Book of Records
*World Record from Assam Book of Records,
* World Record from World Genius Records, Nigeria
* World Record from BengalBook of Records
* National Record from Diamond Book of Records
* World Record from Asian World Records
* World Record from Champians Book of World Records
* World Record from The British World Records
* World Record from Gems Book of World Records
* World Record from India Star World Record
* World Record from Geniuses World Records
* World Record from Royal Success International Book of Records
*World Record from Supreme World Records
* World Record from Uttarpradesh World Records
*World Record from Exclusive World Records
*World Record from international Book of Records
*World Record from Incredible Book of records
* World Record from Cholan Book of World Record
* World Record from Bravo International Book of World Record
* World Record from High Range Book of World Record
* World Record from Kalam’s World Record
* World Record from Hope international World Record
* International Honours from Nigeria
* Indian icon Award from Global Records & Research Foundation (G.R.R.F.)
* International Award from USA for the year’2019 as INNOVATOR OF THE YEAR-2019
* National level Excellence Leadership Award-2020 from Anandashree Organisation, Mumbai
* Best Practical Demonstrator & Theory instructor from Collector & District Magistrate,
Balasore.
* Best Innovator Award by Bengal Book.
* Popular Indian Award by Bengal Book.
* Great man Award by Bengal Book.
* Best Indian Award by Bengal Book.
* The Man of the Era by Bengal Book.
IMPORTANT LINK FILES TO KNOW THE WORK OF
Dr. MIHIR KUMAR PANDA
Dr.Mihir Ku panda awarded at indian science congress Association, Govt. of India for 10000 innovations & 30,000 ideas
Hindi Media report- Simple innovation science show for popularisation of science in free of cost by Dr.Mihir Ku Panda
Simple innovation science show for popularisation of science in free of cost in different parts of India By Dr.Mihirku Panda
www.youtube.com/user/mihirkumarpanda/videos?view=0&so...
Simple innovation laboratory at a Glance
MORE LINK FILES OF Dr MIHIR KUMAR PANDA
www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFIh2AoEy_g
www.youtube.com/channel/UCIksem1pJdDvK87ctJOlN1g
www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHEAPp8V5MI
www.youtube.com/watch?v=W43tAYO7wpQ
www.youtube.com/watch?v=me43aso--Xg
www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XEeZjBDnu4
www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPbJyB8aE2s
www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNIIJHdNo6M
www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPBdJpwYINI
www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBR-e-tFVyE
www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JjCnF7gqKA
www.youtube.com/watch?v=raq_ZtllYRg
cholanbookofworldrecords.com/dr-mihir-kumar-pandaph-d-lit...
www.linkedin.com/in/dr-mihir-kumar-panda-ph-d-d-litt-inno...
www.bhubaneswarbuzz.com/updates/education/inspiring-odish...
www.millenniumpost.in/features/kiit-hosts-isca-national-s...
www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFE6c-XZoh0
www.youtube.com/watch?v=WzZ0XaZpJqQ
www.dailymotion.com/video/x2no10i
www.exclusiveworldrecords.com/description.aspx?id=320
royalsuccessinternationalbookofrecords.com/home.php
british-world-records.business.site/posts/236093666996870...
www.tes.com/lessons/QKpLNO0seGI8Zg/experiments-in-science
dadasahebphalkefilmfoundation.com/2020/02/17/excellent-le...
www.facebook.com/…/a.102622791195…/103547424435915/… yearsP0-IR6tvlSw70ddBY_ySrBDerjoHhG0izBJwIBlqfh7QH9Qdo74EnhihXw35Iz8u-VUEmY&__tn__=EHH-R
wwwchampions-book-of-world-records.business.site/?fbclid=...
www.videomuzik.biz/video/motivational-science-show-ortalk...
lb.vlip.lv/channel/ST3PYAvIAou1RcZ%2FtTEq34EKxoToRqOK.html
imglade.com/tag/grassrootsinventions
picnano.com/tags/UnstoppableINDIAN
www.viveos.net/rev/mihirs%2Btrue%2Bnature
www.facebook.com/worldgeniusrec…/…/2631029263841682…
www.upbr.in/record-galle…/upcoming-genius-innovator/…
www.geniusesworldrecordsandaward.com/
www.upbr.in/record-galle…/upcoming-genius-innovator/…
m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=699422677473920&i...
www.facebook.com/internationalbookofrecords/
www.youtube.com/channel/UCBFJGiEx1Noba0x-NCWbwSg
www.youtube.com/watch?v=nL60GRF6avk
www.facebook.com/bengal.book.16/posts/122025902616062
www.facebook.com/bengal.book.16/posts/122877319197587
www.facebook.com/bengal.book.16/posts/119840549501264
supremebookofworldrecords.blogspot.com/…/welcome-to…
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A training of trainers of a South Sudan’s soon-to-be unified army concluded today, 4 October, with a graduation ceremony at the Military Training Centre in Luri near Juba.
The event marks a significant step forward for the implementation of the country’s revitalized peace agreement, signed in September last year.
Lieutenant General Shailesh Tinaikar, Force Commander of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan, described the project of training the nation’s unified forces as one with “tremendous implications for national integrity and security”. He called the graduating instructors “pioneers” with a “huge responsibility” to carry after having received just ten days of training.
“Whatever you do, however you act, is going to affect the soldiers who you train, so I implore you to be conscious of your actions, because you set the trend of the forces of South Sudan,” the Force Commander said.
Lieutenant General Tinaikar also stressed the importance of looking forward rather than backward.
“You have to forget your past, from where you come and your past affiliations, to work together for your young nation, for the state of South Sudan,” he said, reiterating his faith in the diligence and capacity of the instructors to train the unified forces properly.
A lack of qualified trainers has been slowing down the capacity building of units of the united armed forces in 35 cantonment sites across the country, making the readiness of instructors such a vital sign of progress.
To enable the establishment of a Transitional Government of National Unity on 12 November, the few hundred graduates will need to capacitate some 83,000 soldiers, the troops being merged from the South Sudan People’s Defence Forces and the Sudan People’s Liberation Army in Opposition.
Photo: UNMISS / Eric Kanalstein