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The Albertina
The architectural history of the Palais
(Pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Image: The oldest photographic view of the newly designed Palais Archduke Albrecht, 1869
"It is my will that the expansion of the inner city of Vienna with regard to a suitable connection of the same with the suburbs as soon as possible is tackled and at this on Regulirung (regulation) and beautifying of my Residence and Imperial Capital is taken into account. To this end I grant the withdrawal of the ramparts and fortifications of the inner city and the trenches around the same".
This decree of Emperor Franz Joseph I, published on 25 December 1857 in the Wiener Zeitung, formed the basis for the largest the surface concerning and architecturally most significant transformation of the Viennese cityscape. Involving several renowned domestic and foreign architects a "master plan" took form, which included the construction of a boulevard instead of the ramparts between the inner city and its radially upstream suburbs. In the 50-years during implementation phase, an impressive architectural ensemble developed, consisting of imperial and private representational buildings, public administration and cultural buildings, churches and barracks, marking the era under the term "ring-street style". Already in the first year tithe decided a senior member of the Austrian imperial family to decorate the facades of his palace according to the new design principles, and thus certified the aristocratic claim that this also "historicism" said style on the part of the imperial house was attributed.
Image: The Old Albertina after 1920
It was the palace of Archduke Albrecht (1817-1895), the Senior of the Habsburg Family Council, who as Field Marshal held the overall command over the Austro-Hungarian army. The building was incorporated into the imperial residence of the Hofburg complex, forming the south-west corner and extending eleven meters above street level on the so-called Augustinerbastei.
The close proximity of the palace to the imperial residence corresponded not only with Emperor Franz Joseph I and Archduke Albert with a close familial relationship between the owner of the palace and the monarch. Even the former inhabitants were always in close relationship to the imperial family, whether by birth or marriage. An exception here again proves the rule: Don Emanuel Teles da Silva Conde Tarouca (1696-1771), for which Maria Theresa in 1744 the palace had built, was just a close friend and advisor of the monarch. Silva Tarouca underpins the rule with a second exception, because he belonged to the administrative services as Generalhofbaudirektor (general court architect) and President of the Austrian-Dutch administration, while all other him subsequent owners were highest ranking military.
In the annals of Austrian history, especially those of military history, they either went into as commander of the Imperial Army, or the Austrian, later kk Army. In chronological order, this applies to Duke Carl Alexander of Lorraine, the brother-of-law of Maria Theresa, as Imperial Marshal, her son-in-law Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen, also field marshal, whos adopted son, Archduke Charles of Austria, the last imperial field marshal and only Generalissimo of Austria, his son Archduke Albrecht of Austria as Feldmarschalil and army Supreme commander, and most recently his nephew Archduke Friedrich of Austria, who held as field marshal from 1914 to 1916 the command of the Austro-Hungarian troops. Despite their military profession, all five generals conceived themselves as patrons of the arts and promoted large sums of money to build large collections, the construction of magnificent buildings and cultural life. Charles Alexander of Lorraine promoted as governor of the Austrian Netherlands from 1741 to 1780 the Academy of Fine Arts, the Théâtre de Ja Monnaie and the companies Bourgeois Concert and Concert Noble, he founded the Academie royale et imperial des Sciences et des Lettres, opened the Bibliotheque Royal for the population and supported artistic talents with high scholarships. World fame got his porcelain collection, which however had to be sold by Emperor Joseph II to pay off his debts. Duke Albert began in 1776 according to the concept of conte Durazzo to set up an encyclopedic collection of prints, which forms the core of the world-famous "Albertina" today.
Image : Duke Albert and Archduchess Marie Christine show in family cercle the from Italy brought along art, 1776. Frederick Henry Füger.
1816 declared to Fideikommiss and thus in future indivisible, inalienable and inseparable, the collection 1822 passed into the possession of Archduke Carl, who, like his descendants, it broadened. Under him, the collection was introduced together with the sumptuously equipped palace on the Augustinerbastei in the so-called "Carl Ludwig'schen fideicommissum in 1826, by which the building and the in it kept collection fused into an indissoluble unity. At this time had from the Palais Tarouca by structural expansion or acquisition a veritable Residenz palace evolved. Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen was first in 1800 the third floor of the adjacent Augustinian convent wing adapted to house his collection and he had after 1802 by his Belgian architect Louis de Montoyer at the suburban side built a magnificent extension, called the wing of staterooms, it was equipped in the style of Louis XVI. Only two decades later, Archduke Carl the entire palace newly set up. According to scetches of the architect Joseph Kornhäusel the 1822-1825 retreaded premises presented themselves in the Empire style. The interior of the palace testified from now in an impressive way the high rank and the prominent position of its owner. Under Archduke Albrecht the outer appearance also should meet the requirements. He had the facade of the palace in the style of historicism orchestrated and added to the Palais front against the suburbs an offshore covered access. Inside, he limited himself, apart from the redesign of the Rococo room in the manner of the second Blondel style, to the retention of the paternal stock. Archduke Friedrich's plans for an expansion of the palace were omitted, however, because of the outbreak of the First World War so that his contribution to the state rooms, especially, consists in the layout of the Spanish apartment, which he in 1895 for his sister, the Queen of Spain Maria Christina, had set up as a permanent residence.
Picture: The "audience room" after the restoration: Picture: The "balcony room" around 1990
The era of stately representation with handing down their cultural values found its most obvious visualization inside the palace through the design and features of the staterooms. On one hand, by the use of the finest materials and the purchase of masterfully manufactured pieces of equipment, such as on the other hand by the permanent reuse of older equipment parts. This period lasted until 1919, when Archduke Friedrich was expropriated by the newly founded Republic of Austria. With the republicanization of the collection and the building first of all finished the tradition that the owner's name was synonymous with the building name:
After Palais Tarouca or tarokkisches house it was called Lorraine House, afterwards Duke Albert Palais and Palais Archduke Carl. Due to the new construction of an adjacently located administration building it received in 1865 the prefix "Upper" and was referred to as Upper Palais Archduke Albrecht and Upper Palais Archduke Frederick. For the state a special reference to the Habsburg past was certainly politically no longer opportune, which is why was decided to name the building according to the in it kept collection "Albertina".
Picture: The "Wedgwood Cabinet" after the restoration: Picture: the "Wedgwood Cabinet" in the Palais Archduke Friedrich, 1905
This name derives from the term "La Collection Albertina" which had been used by the gallery Inspector Maurice von Thausing in 1870 in the Gazette des Beaux-Arts for the former graphics collection of Duke Albert. For this reason, it was the first time since the foundation of the palace that the name of the collection had become synonymous with the room shell. Room shell, hence, because the Republic of Austria Archduke Friedrich had allowed to take along all the movable goods from the palace in his Hungarian exile: crystal chandeliers, curtains and carpets as well as sculptures, vases and clocks. Particularly stressed should be the exquisite furniture, which stems of three facilities phases: the Louis XVI furnitures of Duke Albert, which had been manufactured on the basis of fraternal relations between his wife Archduchess Marie Christine and the French Queen Marie Antoinette after 1780 in the French Hofmanufakturen, also the on behalf of Archduke Charles 1822-1825 in the Vienna Porcelain Manufactory by Joseph Danhauser produced Empire furnitures and thirdly additions of the same style of Archduke Friedrich, which this about 1900 at Portois & Ffix as well as at Friedrich Otto Schmidt had commissioned.
The "swept clean" building got due to the strained financial situation after the First World War initially only a makeshift facility. However, since until 1999 no revision of the emergency equipment took place, but differently designed, primarily the utilitarianism committed office furnitures complementarily had been added, the equipment of the former state rooms presented itself at the end of the 20th century as an inhomogeneous administrative mingle-mangle of insignificant parts, where, however, dwelt a certain quaint charm. From the magnificent state rooms had evolved depots, storage rooms, a library, a study hall and several officed.
Image: The Albertina Graphic Arts Collection and the Philipphof after the American bombing of 12 März 1945.
Image: The palace after the demolition of the entrance facade, 1948-52
Worse it hit the outer appearance of the palace, because in times of continued anti-Habsburg sentiment after the Second World War and inspired by an intolerant destruction will, it came by pickaxe to a ministerial erasure of history. In contrast to the graphic collection possessed the richly decorated facades with the conspicuous insignia of the former owner an object-immanent reference to the Habsburg past and thus exhibited the monarchial traditions and values of the era of Francis Joseph significantly. As part of the remedial measures after a bomb damage, in 1948 the aristocratic, by Archduke Albert initiated, historicist facade structuring along with all decorations was cut off, many facade figures demolished and the Hapsburg crest emblems plunged to the ground. Since in addition the old ramp also had been cancelled and the main entrance of the bastion level had been moved down to the second basement storey at street level, ended the presence of the old Archduke's palace after more than 200 years. At the reopening of the "Albertina Graphic Collection" in 1952, the former Hapsburg Palais of splendour presented itself as one of his identity robbed, formally trivial, soulless room shell, whose successful republicanization an oversized and also unproportional eagle above the new main entrance to the Augustinian road symbolized. The emocratic throw of monuments had wiped out the Hapsburg palace from the urban appeareance, whereby in the perception only existed a nondescript, nameless and ahistorical building that henceforth served the lodging and presentation of world-famous graphic collection of the Albertina. The condition was not changed by the decision to the refurbishment because there were only planned collection specific extensions, but no restoration of the palace.
Image: The palace after the Second World War with simplified facades, the rudiment of the Danubiusbrunnens (well) and the new staircase up to the Augustinerbastei
This paradigm shift corresponded to a blatant reversal of the historical circumstances, as the travel guides and travel books for kk Residence and imperial capital of Vienna dedicated itself primarily with the magnificent, aristocratic palace on the Augustinerbastei with the sumptuously fitted out reception rooms and mentioned the collection kept there - if at all - only in passing. Only with the repositioning of the Albertina in 2000 under the direction of Klaus Albrecht Schröder, the palace was within the meaning and in fulfillment of the Fideikommiss of Archduke Charles in 1826 again met with the high regard, from which could result a further inseparable bond between the magnificent mansions and the world-famous collection. In view of the knowing about politically motivated errors and omissions of the past, the facades should get back their noble, historicist designing, the staterooms regain their glamorous, prestigious appearance and culturally unique equippment be repurchased. From this presumption, eventually grew the full commitment to revise the history of redemption and the return of the stately palace in the public consciousness.
Image: The restored suburb facade of the Palais Albertina suburb
The smoothed palace facades were returned to their original condition and present themselves today - with the exception of the not anymore reconstructed Attica figures - again with the historicist decoration and layout elements that Archduke Albrecht had given after the razing of the Augustinerbastei in 1865 in order. The neoclassical interiors, today called after the former inhabitants "Habsburg Staterooms", receiving a meticulous and detailed restoration taking place at the premises of originality and authenticity, got back their venerable and sumptuous appearance. From the world wide scattered historical pieces of equipment have been bought back 70 properties or could be returned through permanent loan to its original location, by which to the visitors is made experiencable again that atmosphere in 1919 the state rooms of the last Habsburg owner Archduke Frederick had owned. The for the first time in 80 years public accessible "Habsburg State Rooms" at the Palais Albertina enable now again as eloquent testimony to our Habsburg past and as a unique cultural heritage fundamental and essential insights into the Austrian cultural history. With the relocation of the main entrance to the level of the Augustinerbastei the recollection to this so valuable Austrian Cultural Heritage formally and functionally came to completion. The vision of the restoration and recovery of the grand palace was a pillar on which the new Albertina should arise again, the other embody the four large newly built exhibition halls, which allow for the first time in the history of the Albertina, to exhibit the collection throughout its encyclopedic breadh under optimal conservation conditions.
Image: The new entrance area of the Albertina
64 meter long shed roof. Hans Hollein.
The palace presents itself now in its appearance in the historicist style of the Ringstrassenära, almost as if nothing had happened in the meantime. But will the wheel of time should not, cannot and must not be turned back, so that the double standards of the "Albertina Palace" said museum - on the one hand Habsburg grandeur palaces and other modern museum for the arts of graphics - should be symbolized by a modern character: The in 2003 by Hans Hollein designed far into the Albertina square cantilevering, elegant floating flying roof. 64 meters long, it symbolizes in the form of a dynamic wedge the accelerated urban spatial connectivity and public access to the palace. It advertises the major changes in the interior as well as the huge underground extensions of the repositioned "Albertina".
Christian Benedictine
Art historian with research interests History of Architecture, building industry of the Hapsburgs, Hofburg and Zeremonialwissenschaft (ceremonial sciences). Since 1990 he works in the architecture collection of the Albertina. Since 2000 he supervises as director of the newly founded department "Staterooms" the restoration and furnishing of the state rooms and the restoration of the facades and explores the history of the palace and its inhabitants.
El director del Liceo Científico Doctor Miguel Canela Lázaro en Salcedo, provincia Hermanas Mirabal, Gabriel Maldonado, durante su participación en el encuentro con Los Medios.
Foto: Ángel Álvarez Rodríguez/Presidencia República Dominicana
Nota de prensa:
presidencia.gob.do/noticias/liceo-de-salcedo-implementa-m...
Video YouTube:
Can anyone tell me what this implement is for? It was found in the same yard as the two previously pictured Massey Ferguson tractors.
Kamera: Nikon FE2
Linse: Nikkor-S Auto 55mm f1.2 (1970)
Film: Kodak 5222 @ ISO 400 -1EV
Kjemi: Xtol (stock / 9 min. @ 20°C)
Wikipedia: ICJ case on Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories
United Nations: International Court of Justice - Israel’s Continued Occupation of Palestinian Territory is Unlawful (19 July 2024) [Full delivery of the Court's Advisory Opinion]
Press release:
Legal Consequences arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem
The Court gives its Advisory Opinion and responds to the questions posed by the General Assembly
THE HAGUE, 19 July 2024. The International Court of Justice has today given its Advisory Opinion in respect of the Legal Consequences arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem.
It is recalled that, on 30 December 2022, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted resolution A/RES/77/247 in which, referring to Article 65 of the Statute of the Court, it requested the International Court of Justice to give an advisory opinion on the following questions:
“(a) What are the legal consequences arising from the ongoing violation by Israel of the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination, from its prolonged occupation, settlement and annexation of the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967, including measures aimed at altering the demographic composition, character and status of the Holy City of Jerusalem, and from its adoption of related discriminatory legislation and measures?
(b) How do the policies and practices of Israel referred to . . . above affect the legal status of the occupation, and what are the legal consequences that arise for all States and the United Nations from this status?”
In its Advisory Opinion, the Court responds to the questions posed by the General Assembly by concluding that:
* the State of Israel’s continued presence in the Occupied Palestinian Territory is unlawful;
* the State of Israel is under an obligation to bring to an end its unlawful presence in the Occupied Palestinian Territory as rapidly as possible;
* the State of Israel is under an obligation to cease immediately all new settlement activities, and to evacuate all settlers from the Occupied Palestinian Territory;
* the State of Israel has the obligation to make reparation for the damage caused to all the natural or legal persons concerned in the Occupied Palestinian Territory;
* all States are under an obligation not to recognize as legal the situation arising from the unlawful presence of the State of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory and not to render aid or assistance in maintaining the situation created by the continued presence of the State of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory;
* international organizations, including the United Nations, are under an obligation not to recognize as legal the situation arising from the unlawful presence of the State of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory; and
* the United Nations, and especially the General Assembly, which requested the opinion, and the Security Council, should consider the precise modalities and further action required to bring to an end as rapidly as possible the unlawful presence of the State of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory.
Reasoning of the Court
After concluding that it has jurisdiction to render the requested opinion and that there are no compelling reasons for it to decline to give an opinion (paras. 22-50), the Court recalls the general context of the case (paras. 51-71) and addresses the scope and meaning of the two questions posed by the General Assembly (paras. 72-83).
The Court then assesses the conformity of Israel’s policies and practices in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, as identified in question (a), with its obligations under international law. In particular, the Court’s analysis examines, in turn, the questions of the prolonged occupation, Israel’s policy of settlement, the question of the annexation of the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967, and Israel’s adoption of related legislation and measures that are allegedly discriminatory (paras. 103-243).
With regard to the question of the prolonged occupation of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, which has lasted for more than 57 years (paras. 104-110), the Court observes that, by virtue of its status as an occupying Power, a State assumes a set of powers and duties with respect to the territory over which it exercises effective control. The nature and scope of these powers and duties are always premised on the same assumption: that occupation is a temporary situation to respond to military necessity, and it cannot transfer title of sovereignty to the occupying Power.
In the Court’s view, the fact that an occupation is prolonged does not in itself change its legal status under international humanitarian law. Although premised on the temporary character of the occupation, the law of occupation does not set temporal limits that would, as such, alter the legal status of the occupation. Occupation consists of the exercise by a State of effective control in foreign territory. In order to be permissible, therefore, such exercise of effective control must at all times be consistent with the rules concerning the prohibition of the threat or use of force, including the prohibition of territorial acquisition resulting from the threat or use of force, as well as with the right to self‐determination. Therefore, the fact that an occupation is prolonged may have a bearing on the justification under international law of the occupying Power’s continued presence in the occupied territory.
As regards Israel’s settlement policy (paras. 111-156), the Court reaffirms what it stated in its Advisory Opinion on the Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory of 9 July 2004, that the Israeli settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, and the régime associated with them, have been established and are being maintained in violation of international law. The Court notes with grave concern reports that Israel’s settlement policy has been expanding since the Court’s 2004 Advisory Opinion.
As regards the question of the annexation of the Occupied Palestinian Territory (paras. 157-179), it is the view of the Court that to seek to acquire sovereignty over an occupied territory, as shown by the policies and practices adopted by Israel in East Jerusalem and the West Bank, is contrary to the prohibition of the use of force in international relations and its corollary principle of the non-acquisition of territory by force.
The Court then examines the question of the legal consequences arising from Israel’s adoption of related discriminatory legislation and measures (paras. 180-229). It concludes that a broad array of legislation adopted and measures taken by Israel in its capacity as an occupying Power treat Palestinians differently on grounds specified by international law. The Court notes that this differentiation of treatment cannot be justified with reference to reasonable and objective criteria nor to a legitimate public aim. Accordingly, the Court is of the view that the régime of comprehensive restrictions imposed by Israel on Palestinians in the Occupied Palestinian Territory constitutes systemic discrimination based on, inter alia, race, religion or ethnic origin, in violation of Articles 2, paragraph 1, and 26 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 2, paragraph 2, of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and Article 2 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.
The Court then turns to the aspect of question (a) that enquires as to the effects of Israel’s policies and practices on the exercise of the Palestinian people’s right to self‐determination (paras. 230-243). In this regard, the Court is of the view that, as a consequence of Israel’s policies and practices, which span decades, the Palestinian people has been deprived of its right to self‐determination over a long period, and further prolongation of these policies and practices undermines the exercise of this right in the future. For these reasons, the Court considers that Israel’s unlawful policies and practices are in breach of Israel’s obligation to respect the right of the Palestinian people to self‐determination.
Turning to the first part of question (b), the Court examines whether and, if so, how the policies and practices of Israel have affected the legal status of the occupation in light of the relevant rules and principles of international law (paras. 244-264).
In this respect, the Court first considers that the first part of question (b) is not whether the policies and practices of Israel affect the legal status of the occupation as such. Rather, the Court is of the view that the scope of the first part of the second question concerns the manner in which Israel’s policies and practices affect the legal status of the occupation, and thereby the legality of the continued presence of Israel, as an occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. This legality is to be determined under the rules and principles of general international law, including those of the Charter of the United Nations.
In this context, the Court is of the view that Israel’s assertion of sovereignty and its annexation of certain parts of the territory constitute a violation of the prohibition of the acquisition of territory by force. This violation has a direct impact on the legality of Israel’s continued presence, as an occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. The Court considers that Israel is not entitled to sovereignty over or to exercise sovereign powers in any part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory on account of its occupation. Nor can Israel’s security concerns override the principle of the prohibition of the acquisition of territory by force.
The Court further observes that the effects of Israel’s policies and practices, and its exercise of sovereignty over certain parts of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, constitute an obstruction to the exercise by the Palestinian people of its right to self-determination. The effects of these policies and practices include Israel’s annexation of parts of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, the fragmentation of this territory, undermining its integrity, the deprivation of the Palestinian people of the enjoyment of the natural resources of the territory and its impairment of the Palestinian people’s right to pursue its economic, social and cultural development.
The Court is of the view that the above-described effects of Israel’s policies and practices, resulting, inter alia, in the prolonged deprivation of the Palestinian people of its right to self-determination, constitute a breach of this fundamental right. This breach has a direct impact on the legality of Israel’s presence, as an occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. The Court is of the view that occupation cannot be used in such a manner as to leave indefinitely the occupied population in a state of suspension and uncertainty, denying them their right to self- determination while integrating parts of their territory into the occupying Power’s own territory.
In light of the foregoing, the Court turns to the examination of the legality of the continued presence of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (paras. 259-264).
The Court considers that the violations by Israel of the prohibition of the acquisition of territory by force and of the Palestinian people’s right to self-determination have a direct impact on the legality of the continued presence of Israel, as an occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. The sustained abuse by Israel of its position as an occupying Power, through annexation and an assertion of permanent control over the Occupied Palestinian Territory and continued frustration of the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination, violates fundamental principles of international law and renders Israel’s presence in the Occupied Palestinian Territory unlawful.
This illegality relates to the entirety of the Palestinian territory occupied by Israel in 1967. This is the territorial unit across which Israel has imposed policies and practices to fragment and frustrate the ability of the Palestinian people to exercise its right to self‐determination, and over large swathes of which it has extended Israeli sovereignty in violation of international law. The entirety of the Occupied Palestinian Territory is also the territory in relation to which the Palestinian people should be able to exercise its right to self-determination, the integrity of which must be respected.
***
The Court has found that Israel’s policies and practices referred to in question (a) are in breach of international law. The maintenance of these policies and practices is an unlawful act of a continuing character entailing Israel’s international responsibility.
The Court has also found in reply to the first part of question (b) that the continued presence of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory is illegal. The Court therefore addresses the legal consequences arising from Israel’s policies and practices referred to in question (a) for Israel, together with those arising from the illegality of Israel’s continued presence in the Occupied Palestinian Territory under question (b), for Israel, for other States and for the United Nations (paras. 267-281).
President Nawaf SALAM (b. 1953, Lebanon) appends a declaration to the Advisory Opinion of the Court; Vice- President Julia SEBUTINDE (b. 1954, Uganda) appends a dissenting opinion to the Advisory Opinion of the Court; Judge Peter TOMKA (b. 1956, Slovakia) appends a declaration to the Advisory Opinion of the Court; Judges Peter TOMKA (b. 1956, Slovakia), Ronny ABRAHAM (b. 1951, France) and Bogdan AURESCU (b. 1973, Romania) append a joint opinion to the Advisory Opinion of the Court; Judge Abdulqawi YUSUF (Somalia) appends a separate opinion to the Advisory Opinion of the Court; Judge Hanqin XUE (b. 1955, China) appends a declaration to the Advisory Opinion of the Court; Judges Yuji IWASAWA (b. 1954, Japan) and Georg NOLTE (b. 1959, Germany) append separate opinions to the Advisory Opinion of the Court; Judges Georg NOLTE (b. 1959, Germany) and Sarah CLEVELAND (b. 1965, USA) append a joint declaration to the Advisory Opinion of the Court; Judges Hilary CHARLESWORTH (b. 1955, Australia) and Leonardo Nemer Caldeira BRANT (b. 1966, Brazil) append declarations to the Advisory Opinion of the Court; Judges GÓMEZ ROBLEDO (Mexico) and Sarah CLEVELAND (b. 1965, USA) append separate opinions to the Advisory Opinion of the Court; Judge Dire TLADI (b. 1975, South Africa) appends a declaration to the Advisory Opinion of the Court.
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A full summary of the Advisory Opinion appears in the document entitled “Summary 2024/8”, to which summaries of the declarations and opinions are annexed. This summary and the full text of the Advisory Opinion are available on the case page on the Court’s website.
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Earlier press releases relating to this case are also available on the website.
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Note: The Court’s press releases are prepared by its Registry for information purposes only and do not constitute official documents.
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The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It was established by the United Nations Charter in June 1945 and began its activities in April 1946. The Court is composed of 15 judges elected for a nine-year term by the General Assembly and the Security Council of the United Nations. The seat of the Court is at the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands). The Court has a twofold role: first, to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States; and, second, to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by duly authorized United Nations organs and agencies of the system.
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Information Department:
Ms Monique Legerman, First Secretary of the Court, Head of Department: +31 (0)70 302 2336 Ms Joanne Moore, Information Officer: +31 (0)70 302 2337
Email: info@icj-cij.org
About Dr.Mihir Kumar Panda, Ph.D,D.Litt,, innovator
World’s only achiever of large number of World Record for 10,000 Teaching Aids & innovations
Founder & Co-ordinator General, ‘SROSTI’ (Social Development research Organisation for Science, technology & Implementation)
Collaborator Vijnana Bana Ashram
Bahanaga, Baleshwar, Odisha, India-756042
Website : simpleinnovationproject.com
E-Mail- : mihirpandasrosti@gmail.com
Face Book link:https://www.facebook.com/mihirpandasrosti
WIKIMAPIA
wikimapia.org/#lang=en&lat=-6.174348&lon=106.8293...
Contact No. : +91 7008406650
Whatsapp: +91 9438354515
Dr.Mihir Kumar Panda, an Educational, Societal and Scientific Innovator has established an NGO 'SROSTI' at Bahanaga, Balasore,Odisha,India
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Social service, innovation/ inventions, writing, free technology to students for preparation of science exhibition projects, free technology to common men for their sustainability, preparation of big natural bonsai, technology for entrepreneurs and industrialists for innovative item are few works of Mihir Kumar Panda after his Government service.
. To overcome the difficulties of science and math, explanation in classes, innovator Panda has created few thousands of educational, societal and scientific innovations which helps teachers and students of the country and abroad.
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Dr.Mihir Kumar Panda's work can be explained in short
Sports with Science from Dawn to Dusk
Struggle some life- science in words and action
Triumphs of Science - Science at foot path
Hilarious dream in midst scarcity
A life of innovator de-avoided of Advertisement.
FELICITATIONS, AWARDS, HONOURS & RECORDS
* 200+ Felicitation and Awards from different NGOs, Schools & Colleges within the State of Odisha and National level.
* 10 Nos Gold, Silver & Bronze medal from different National & International level.
*Awarded for 10,000 innovations & 30,000 ideas by Indian Science Congress Association, Govt. of India.
* Honorary Ph.D From Nelson Mandela University, United States of America
* Honorary Ph.D From Global Peace University, United States of America& India
* Honorary D.Litt From Global Peace University, United States of America& India
* Title ‘Einstein of Odisha’ by Assam Book of Records, Assam
* Title ‘Thomas Alva Edison of India’ by Anandashree Organisation, Mumbai
* Title ‘ Einstein of Odisha & Thomas Alva Edison of India’ from Bengal Book of World record.
*World Record from OMG Book of Records
*World Record from Assam Book of Records,
* World Record from World Genius Records, Nigeria
* World Record from BengalBook of Records
* National Record from Diamond Book of Records
* World Record from Asian World Records
* World Record from Champians Book of World Records
* World Record from The British World Records
* World Record from Gems Book of World Records
* World Record from India Star World Record
* World Record from Geniuses World Records
* World Record from Royal Success International Book of Records
*World Record from Supreme World Records
* World Record from Uttarpradesh World Records
*World Record from Exclusive World Records
*World Record from international Book of Records
*World Record from Incredible Book of records
* World Record from Cholan Book of World Record
* World Record from Bravo International Book of World Record
* World Record from High Range Book of World Record
* World Record from Kalam’s World Record
* World Record from Hope international World Record
* International Honours from Nigeria
* Indian icon Award from Global Records & Research Foundation (G.R.R.F.)
* International Award from USA for the year’2019 as INNOVATOR OF THE YEAR-2019
* National level Excellence Leadership Award-2020 from Anandashree Organisation, Mumbai
* Best Practical Demonstrator & Theory instructor from Collector & District Magistrate,
Balasore.
* Best Innovator Award by Bengal Book.
* Popular Indian Award by Bengal Book.
* Great man Award by Bengal Book.
* Best Indian Award by Bengal Book.
* The Man of the Era by Bengal Book.
IMPORTANT LINK FILES TO KNOW THE WORK OF
Dr. MIHIR KUMAR PANDA
Dr.Mihir Ku panda awarded at indian science congress Association, Govt. of India for 10000 innovations & 30,000 ideas
Hindi Media report- Simple innovation science show for popularisation of science in free of cost by Dr.Mihir Ku Panda
Simple innovation science show for popularisation of science in free of cost in different parts of India By Dr.Mihirku Panda
www.youtube.com/user/mihirkumarpanda/videos?view=0&so...
Simple innovation laboratory at a Glance
MORE LINK FILES OF Dr MIHIR KUMAR PANDA
www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFIh2AoEy_g
www.youtube.com/channel/UCIksem1pJdDvK87ctJOlN1g
www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHEAPp8V5MI
www.youtube.com/watch?v=W43tAYO7wpQ
www.youtube.com/watch?v=me43aso--Xg
www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XEeZjBDnu4
www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPbJyB8aE2s
www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNIIJHdNo6M
www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPBdJpwYINI
www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBR-e-tFVyE
www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JjCnF7gqKA
www.youtube.com/watch?v=raq_ZtllYRg
cholanbookofworldrecords.com/dr-mihir-kumar-pandaph-d-lit...
www.linkedin.com/in/dr-mihir-kumar-panda-ph-d-d-litt-inno...
www.bhubaneswarbuzz.com/updates/education/inspiring-odish...
www.millenniumpost.in/features/kiit-hosts-isca-national-s...
www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFE6c-XZoh0
www.youtube.com/watch?v=WzZ0XaZpJqQ
www.dailymotion.com/video/x2no10i
www.exclusiveworldrecords.com/description.aspx?id=320
royalsuccessinternationalbookofrecords.com/home.php
british-world-records.business.site/posts/236093666996870...
www.tes.com/lessons/QKpLNO0seGI8Zg/experiments-in-science
dadasahebphalkefilmfoundation.com/2020/02/17/excellent-le...
www.facebook.com/…/a.102622791195…/103547424435915/… yearsP0-IR6tvlSw70ddBY_ySrBDerjoHhG0izBJwIBlqfh7QH9Qdo74EnhihXw35Iz8u-VUEmY&__tn__=EHH-R
wwwchampions-book-of-world-records.business.site/?fbclid=...
www.videomuzik.biz/video/motivational-science-show-ortalk...
lb.vlip.lv/channel/ST3PYAvIAou1RcZ/tTEq34EKxoToRqOK.html
imglade.com/tag/grassrootsinventions
picnano.com/tags/UnstoppableINDIAN
www.viveos.net/rev/mihirs%2Btrue%2Bnature
www.facebook.com/worldgeniusrec…/…/2631029263841682…
www.upbr.in/record-galle…/upcoming-genius-innovator/…
www.geniusesworldrecordsandaward.com/
www.upbr.in/record-galle…/upcoming-genius-innovator/…
m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=699422677473920&i...
www.facebook.com/internationalbookofrecords/
www.youtube.com/channel/UCBFJGiEx1Noba0x-NCWbwSg
www.youtube.com/watch?v=nL60GRF6avk
www.facebook.com/bengal.book.16/posts/122025902616062
www.facebook.com/bengal.book.16/posts/122877319197587
www.facebook.com/bengal.book.16/posts/119840549501264
supremebookofworldrecords.blogspot.com/…/welcome-to…
Shackles and other implements of torture kept on one of the metal beds inside the S-21 prison. At least one of the containers seen here served as the portable toilet for the unfortunate victim. (Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Apr/ May 2014)
motivational quotes - Speed of Implementation
(more motivational quotes>> www.embellishedminds.com/2849/motivational-quotes/)
Greenfield-Central Katie Helgason(2) bring the ball up court after stealing the ball against East Chicago Central during the championship game of the 2016 Laker Farm Implement Sevices Inc. Women’s Basketball Tournament at Greenfield-Central on December 23,2016.
Anne Finucane, Vice-Chairman, Bank of America, USA, Lutfey Siddiqi, Visiting Professor-in-Practice, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom; Young Global Leader, Anne Ackerley, Head, Retirement Group, BlackRock, USA and Sonja Haut, Head, Strategic Measurement and Materiality, Novartis, Switzerlandspeaking during the Session "Implementing Stakeholder Capitalism 2" at the World Economic Forum, Annual Meeting of the Global Future Councils 2019. Copyright by World Economic Forum / Benedikt von Loebell
Jorge Nieto les hizo entrega de una donación de implementos deportivos.
“En el VRAEM hay talento para el deporte; es importante que el país lo sepa”, afirmó.
El ministro de Defensa, Jorge Nieto Montesinos, entregó diplomas de reconocimiento y una donación de implementos deportivos para el equipo de jóvenes deportistas del VRAEM que obtuvo medallas de oro en el X Campeonato Sudamericano de Kick Boxing, celebrado en la ciudad de Foz de Iguazú, en Brasil, entre el 30 de noviembre y 3 de diciembre de 2017.
“En el VRAEM hay talento para el deporte; es importante que el país lo sepa. El VRAEM tiene un enorme espacio de desarrollo, donde las Fuerzas Armadas realizan acciones humanitarias y el Estado está presente con atenciones en salud, educación para la población, entre otros”, afirmó el ministro durante el acto de reconocimiento, que tuvo lugar en la sede del Ministerio de Defensa.
Acompañado del jefe del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas, Almirante José Luis Paredes Lora, el ministro Jorge Nieto entregó un trofeo, una medalla y un diploma al joven Kenny Bellido Gamboa (19), natural del distrito de Anco, provincia de La Mar, región Ayacucho, que logró la medalla de oro en la categoría mayores de 18 años - 54 kilogramos, en el torneo celebrado en Foz de Iguazú.
En seguida, entregó una medalla y un diploma al profesor de Kick Boxing y entrenador de los jóvenes deportistas del VRAEM, Rubén Lara Villavicencio, quien es además secretario nacional de la Federación Deportiva Peruana de Kick Boxing.
Además, en representación del ministro Nieto, el señor Lara le hará llegar su medalla y diploma a la niña Anaith Luján Peña, quien ganó la medalla de oro en la categoría 12 años - 42 kilogramos, y reside en el distrito de Pichari, provincia de La Convenció, región Cusco.
Tras el reconocimiento, el ministro de Defensa entregó al profesor Lara un lote de implementos deportivos destinado para los deportistas del VRAEM. Dicha donación consiste en 64 unidades de tatami (alfombras de espuma), 02 pares de guantes, 02 sacos bananos de entrenamiento, 02 pares de canilleras, 02 pares de empeineras, 02 pectorales y 02 pares de pao de taekwondo.
La delegación peruana que participó en el X Campeonato Sudamericano de Kick Boxing estuvo compuesta por 31 deportistas provenientes de diversas regiones del país, y obtuvo 45 medallas (12 de oro, 18 de plata y 15 de bronce). Su próximo reto será el Campeonato Bolivariano que se realizará en la ciudad de Ayacucho en el mes de abril.
Lima, 05 de enero de 2018
Oficina de Prensa
SE IMPLEMENTÓ, EXPRESÓ, UN PROGRAMA PILOTO QUE CANALIZA CRÉDITOS A MUJERES EMPRENDEDORAS QUE PARTICIPAN EN EL SECTOR, EL PROGRAMA FUNCIONA EN MICHOACÁN Y GUERRERO.
EJEMPLIFICÓ DOS CASOS DE ÉXITO, QUE GRACIAS A ESTE PROYECTO, DOS GRUPOS DE MUJERES DE AMBOS ESTADOS, LOGRARON CONSOLIDAR SUS NEGOCIOS Y SER PARTE DEL SECTOR TURISMO, QUE GENERA TANTO EMPLEOS Y POSIBILIDAD DE DESARROLLO. 8/ 03/ 2014
Implementing Stakeholder Capitalism (Option 2)
Geneva - Switzerland, 25-29 January 2021. Copyright ©️ World Economic Forum/Pascal Bitz
Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum
Marc Benioff, Chair and Chief Executive Officer, Salesforce, USA; Member of Board of Trustees of the World Economic Forum Laurence D. Fink, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, BlackRock, USA; Member of Board of Trustees of the World Economic Forum Chrystia Freeland, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance of Canada; Member of Board of Trustees of the World Economic Forum Kristalina Georgieva, Managing Director, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Washington DC; Member of Board of Trustees of the World Economic Forum
Brian T. Moynihan, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Bank of America, USA; Chair of the World Economic Forum International Business Council; International Business Council
Moderated by Gillian R. Tett, Editor-at-Large and Chair of the Editorial Board, Financial Times, United Kingdom
Anne Finucane, Vice-Chairman, Bank of America, USA, Judith Williams, SAP, .Robert Metzke, Chief of Staff, Innovation and Strategy; Head, Sustainability, Royal Philips, Netherlands and Sarah Kirby, Group Head, Organization Design and Human Resource Strategy, Zurich Insurance Group, Switzerland. speaking during the Session "Implementing Stakeholder Capitalism 1" at the World Economic Forum, Annual Meeting of the Global Future Councils 2019. Copyright by World Economic Forum / Benedikt von Loebell
Colombia.- Del 7 al 10 de octubre de 2019 en Montería, Córdoba, se realizarán la XXIII Reunión Latinoamericana del Maíz y el IV Congreso de Semillas. Será un doble evento organizado por la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia), la Asociación Colombiana de Semillas y Biotecnología (Acosemillas), la Federación Nacional de Cultivadores de Cereales y Leguminosas (Fenalce) y el Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT).
Durante cuatro días, se darán cita representantes de los sectores agrícola, científico, académico y tecnológico, provenientes de Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Ecuador, México, Perú y Estados Unidos, y enriquecerán la agenda temática que cuenta con cerca de 30 ponencias especializadas y paneles de interés, para intercambiar experiencias y perspectivas sobre agricultura sostenible, cambio climático y mejoramiento genético.
El cuarto y último día de esta intensa agenda se dedicará a una jornada de campo que permitirá a productores, investigadores, asistentes técnicos, líderes de gremios de la producción, compañías de semillas y demás participantes conocer de primera mano, y en el escenario de exhibiciones didácticas y demostrativas, lo más destacado en materia de avances en maquinaria, insumos y nutrición de cultivo, entre otros.
El CIMMYT, conocimiento al servicio de un campo latinoamericano más sustentable
El Centro, además de ser una de las entidades organizadoras, contribuirá con la agenda académica mediante la participación de cuatro de sus investigadores, los cuales compartirán sus experiencias y perspectivas en temas claves como sistemas agronómicos, sistemas de semillas, aprovechamiento de maíces nativos y estrategias de resiliencia frente al cambio climático.
En lo relacionado con los sistemas agronómicos, se contará con la presencia de Nele Verhulst, científica sénior del Programa de Desarrollo Estratégico del CIMMYT, quien se enfoca en el desarrollo de prácticas de manejo en Agricultura de Conservación y tecnologías poscosecha en América Latina, con énfasis en México y Centroamérica. Ella compartirá con los participantes los resultados alcanzados en los experimentos que desarrolla en equipo con colaboradores de la red de plataformas de investigación, ubicadas en más de 50 localidades en México, enfatizando la importancia del manejo del cultivo de maíz, para que una semilla mejorada exprese su máximo potencial de rendimiento y dé mayor rentabilidad.
Arturo Silva, líder de Sistemas de Semilla para América Latina y África del Programa Global de Maíz del CIMMYT, expondrá sus experiencias en estas dos regiones para fortalecer los sistemas de semillas de maíz y contribuir a acelerar el reemplazo de variedades obsoletas con otras nuevas y mejoradas.
Colombia cuenta con 34 razas de maíz criollo, que están incluidas en las más de 25,000 que conserva el Banco de Germoplasma de Maíz del CIMMYT. Y Terence Molnar, mejorador de maíz del Centro, las ha estudiado para identificar características como tolerancia a calor y sequía, útiles en la generación de nuevas variedades que ayuden a los agricultores a producir más alimentos a pesar de los cada vez más tangibles efectos del cambio climático. Así pues, Terence Molnar compartirá los principales resultados obtenidos en su búsqueda de resistencia natural al complejo de la mancha de asfalto, cuya incidencia es importante en el sur de México, Centroamérica y el norte de América del Sur, donde puede reducir los rendimientos hasta en 50% cuando ataca las parcelas al principio del ciclo de cultivo.
Continuando con el cambio climático, Kai Sonder, jefe de la Unidad de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) del CIMMYT, compartirá su experiencia en el uso y análisis de datos espaciales y de agrometeorología en países en desarrollo de África y Asia para aplicarlos en América Latina, sobre todo en lo que tiene que ver con factores relacionados con la producción de maíz, el manejo de recursos naturales y la producción agrícola.
Cabe destacar que el CIMMYT, que está comprometido con el desarrollo de las nuevas generaciones de investigadores, también aprovechará este doble evento para entregar los Premios de Innovación Juvenil de Maíz 2019-América Latina, para galardonar a seis jóvenes emprendedores —menores de 35 años— que estén realizando trabajos de investigación en maíz o promoviendo tecnologías de cambio para incrementar la rentabilidad del cultivo de este grano o jóvenes productores que estén implementando estrategias de innovación en sus cultivos y parcelas. Es requisito que estos jóvenes no estén vinculados laboralmente a un centro del Sistema CGIAR, aunque sí tengan un nexo de colaboración.
La Red Latinoamericana de Maíz y el CIMMYT, una alianza natural
La Red Latinoamericana de Maíz (RLM) nace en los años 60 del siglo XX como respuesta a la necesidad de contar con una plataforma que propiciara el intercambio de experiencias y conocimientos científicos y técnicos entre países de la zona andina de América Latina, con miras a beneficiar el desarrollo del sector maicero. Esta red, que está integrada por un total de 14 instituciones de investigación de la región, dedica buena parte de sus capacidades a la realización —cada dos años— de la Reunión Latinoamericana de Maíz. Evento en el que el CIMMYT, en equipo con los institutos nacionales de investigación, promueve y garantiza la calidad científica de estos encuentros, que a su vez han sido el origen de proyectos regionales.
La RLM se enfoca en temas transversales como recursos fitogenéticos, fitomejoramiento, biotecnología, control de plagas, agronomía y producción, nutrición y salud (biofortificación), comercialización y mercados, agroindustria y cambio climático. Su comité directivo está conformado por la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia) como presidente, el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (Iniap) de Ecuador como vicepresidente, el CIMMYT como secretario permanente y el Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agropecuaria y Forestal (INIAF) de Bolivia como vocal.
Persistent URL: digital.lib.muohio.edu/u?/tradecards,2633
Subject (TGM): Plows; Plowing; Farms; Croplands; Farming; Farmers; Farmhouses; Agricultural machinery & implements; Agricultural laborers; Farm produce; Agriculture; Postcards;
Anne Finucane, Vice-Chairman, Bank of America, USA speaking during the Session "Implementing Stakeholder Capitalism 2" at the World Economic Forum, Annual Meeting of the Global Future Councils 2019. Copyright by World Economic Forum / Benedikt von Loebell
Este santuário está
implementado numa vasta
área consagrada ao culto
Mariano e constitui um pólo
de dinamização de
numerosas actividades de
espiritualidade, recolhimento
e apoio social. Na sua
génese, está a resposta das
populações do nordeste
transmontano à mensagem
de Fátima, através de uma
acção liderada por um
sacerdote natural da região: o
P. Manuel Joaquim Ochôa.
Começou a ser edificado em
1961. Para a sua construção
foi necessária a colaboração
de todo o povo de Cerejais,
homens e mulheres; eles com
quatrocentos carros de bois
de pedra e elas com o transporte de toda a água necessária à construção,
muita da qual foi transportada em cântaros, à cabeça.
Além da capela principal, fazem parte do conjunto do santuário:
l O Calvário (fig.1.1) com uma capelinha onde se encontra um conjunto
escultórico, em tamanho natural, que representa o encontro da Mãe
Dolorosa com o seu Divino Filho.
l Uma Via-sacra que percorre o caminho entre a Capela e o Calvário e
cujas cruzes foram esculpidas em granito da aldeia de Romeu.
Dois anos mais tarde, em 28 de Maio de 1967, celebrou-se a “festa dos
Bispos” como ficou conhecida a inauguração dos quinze Mistérios do
Rosário, que estão representados por outras tantas figuras esculpidas que
se distribuem à beira do caminho entre a capela e a Loca do Cabeço. Com
efeito, nas cerimónias desta inauguração, estiveram presentes os bispos
de Bragança-Miranda, Leiria, Lamego e Dili.
Em 1976 foi edificado o primeiro pavilhão da Casa dos Pastorinhos e foi
ampliada a torre sineira.
1977 foi o ano da comemoração do 60º aniversário das aparições em
Fátima e o Santuário dos Cerejais foi o ponto central das comemorações
na diocese de Bragança-Miranda.
seu desejo ao rei que logo pensou juntar o útil ao agradável: fez a vontade
à esposa e aproveitou o pretexto para construir uma fortificação militar nas
proximidades, dado que se tratava de um local estratégico para a
segurança do reino.
A administração da capela e dos seus folgados proventos determinados
por D. Dinis foi entregue aos frades beneditinos do mosteiro do Castro da
Avelãs, que se localiza a cerca de 30 km de distância, próximo a Bragança.
No reinado de D. João III, foi construída a catedral de Miranda, que passou
a ser a sede da diocese para quem passou a administração do santuário.
Durante todos estes anos, as actividades de culto foram promovidas pela
confraria que contava sempre com um mordomo castelhano, o que
confirma a grande influência que o santuário exerce do outro lado da
fronteira. Do lado espanhol o Santuário é designado por “La Ribeiriña”.
Apesar da grande quantidade de romeiros e da celebração anual das
grandes romarias, o templo chegou ao final do século XIX num estado de
apreciável degradação. Providencialmente surgiu um benemérito, próspero
emigrante no Brasil, natural de Castrelos, de seu nome António do Carmo
Pires.
5l-henrique.blogspot.pt/2013/06/alfandega-da-fe-cerejais-...
Updates - Egypt, July 3, 2013**
Egyptians revolted for the fourth day, now also in front of the Republican Guards building and mansion where Morsi is reportedly staying. The majority of Egypt today was waiting and counting down for the Armed Forces communique that was around five hours late. The reason behind this delay might be that they were trying to take control of things and getting ready to arrest Islamist and Muslim Brotherhood leaders. When the communique was finally out and declared that Morsi is no longer president people knew that violence will follow soon, nevertheless they still celebrated their victory.
Egypt, July 2, 2013
In a nonsense address to the nation late Tuesday, Morsi vowed to protect his presidency to stay in power and defend constitutional legitimacy with his life. The late night speech came after his statement earlier Tuesday, where he demanded that the SCAF withdraw their ultimatum, saying he wouldn't be dictated to.
On the other hand, many Politicians said that Morsi's speech equivalent to "civil war call" and its rehearsal is running now in front of Cairo University, where clashes erupted between the supporters of the president and the dwellers of Bain Al-Sarayat District.
In a quick response to Morsi's threats for his people, the armed forces spokesman declared on his official facebook page that "the army will sacrifice our blood to defend country".
The reaction of the protesters on Morsi's speech was simple and to the point; they gathered in many governorates and held up their shoes after the speech!
Egypt, July 1, 2013**
Protests continue for the second day after the official call for the revolution in tens of cities and villages across Egypt. While millions of protesters were sure that they will bring Morsi down, others decided to let it be known. Like the case of January 25, some protesters decided to show that they brought the regime down by protesting in front of the ruling group's headquarters. The clashes in the vicinity of the Muslim Brotherhood headquarters left eight dead and many injured when the MB youth shot live bullets at the protesters. Later the headquarters was broken into and set on fire.
Later in the day, the Armed Forces gave its first communique. The military helicopters that were met yesterday with great support from many protesters resulted in a statement declaring that the Armed Forces is on the side of the people. The Armed Forces gave "a final 48 hours for all sides to meet the people's demands, or else it will have to do its national duty of protecting the people." In the case of not meeting the demands before the end of the 48 hours, the Armed Forces will put its own roadmap and oversees its implementation. It was also stated that the Armed Forces will not take part in politics.
The communique was met by both the majority of protesters and people who didn't join with great support that has given the squares of Egypt a celebratory spirit. Secular political groups like the Salvation Front, the National Association for Change and Tamarod Movement also gave a positive reaction, but stated that protesters will ensure that the army stays out of the political life.
The Presidency and the Muslim brotherhood both announced that they will hold press conferences to comment on the communique, but none of them ever happened. Meanwhile the Islamist groups started mobilizing their youth in marches in more than six cities all over the country.
Egypt, June 30, 2013**
The second wave of the revolution has started! June 30 began as a much bigger movement than January 25. After a majority of Egyptians were fed up with Muslim Brotherhood rule they took their decision and lead the politicians to the street.
June 30 made a great start with millions of people revolting in almost all governorates of Egypt. With red cards and whistles, Egypt declared Morsi out. Rules were put for the protesters to never chant for or against the army or the police, but when a military helicopter started flying over Ithadeya many cheered for it. The loudest chant though was "LEAVE", all protesters united on one aim, to topple the Islamist fascist regime.
Meanwhile a few clashes between the regime supporters and revolutionaries took place in Assuyt and Beheira, leaving at least five dead and around 80 injured. In Cairo, the clashes were in front of the Muslim Brotherhood headquarters in Mokkatam where supporters fired bird-shot from the building and where met with Molotov cocktails from the protesters resulting in small fires inside the building.
June 29, 2013**
The Egyptian People did one final warm up before the Red Card comes out. Tamarod Movement (Rebel) held a press conference early Saturday at the Journalists Syndicate, the movement's founder announced that the final count was more than 22 million signatures. He called upon the people to protest on June 30 to continue what they started and topple the first civilian elected president one year after his inauguration for his failure in achieving the main objectives of the January 25 Revolution as well as putting the Muslim Brotherhood in control of the top of power of all country's sides of power. He also asserted that the number of signatures was a reflection of how much the public has turned against Morsi. It is noteworthy that the number of signatures collected is more than 85% of the number of voters in the presidential elections' second round.
Egyptians took their decision and raised the red card against President Mohamed Morsi!
Egypt, June 28, 2013**
As Egypt approaches June 30, the date of the uprising called for by Tamarod (Rebel), a movement that has already collected more than 22 million signatures to ouster President Mohamed Morsi, both excitement and apprehension fill the residents of the capital. In the governorates though, the protests have started earlier than expected. On the day of the governors' reshuffling people took the streets in all governorates that had a new Muslim Brotherhood governor. As the protests became bigger they have also demanded the removal of the regime.
In the past year, the life of the average Egyptian has become harder everyday; prices of essential products never seize to increase, people had to stand in endless lines to find diesel, every house and workplace all over Cairo suffer from water and power cuts. All this lead to rising aggression between a great percentage of the population. Anger was dramatically increased when Egypt ran out of gas and the streets of Cairo turned into one big parking lot.
By the beginning of the week, it has become known that Ann Patterson, U.S. Ambassador to Egypt met with Khairat El Shater, deputy supreme guide of the Muslim Brotherhood. The meeting with a non-governmental-official was never explained by the embassy, but it has become clear that the U.S. Administration still supports the Muslim Brotherhood rule, and President Morsi as part of it. The U.S. Administration that has always claimed to encourage democratic change in developing countries, proved itself wrong after the Arab Spring. It is now understood that the American support is always given to a group whom they believe will give them the most benefit regardless of the group's view on people's freedom. For this reason, a new addition to the revolution's banners was ones against Obama, Patterson and the U.S. Administration in general.
The Defense Minister, Abd El Fattah El Sisi has been very discreet about his stance regarding the Muslim Brotherhood rule. On Sunday he gave a vague speech that has kept people wondering if we'll be facing a coup in the coming days, especially when he mentioned that the army's role is to protect the will of the people. One day after the minister has spoken a National Security Council meeting was announced. The meeting's statement expressed the attendees' respect to peaceful protests and declared that the parliamentary elections will be held in a few months, once the elections law is approved. The presidency has also announced that the president will give a speech on Wednesday to celebrate the first anniversary of his inauguration.
Tamarod met the announcement of the president's speech with calling for a protest to watch him in Tahrir Square. After the whole country waited in front of a television, Morsi spoke for almost three hours saying complete nonsense. The speech that had not once mentioned June 30 or the clashes that were happening in Mansoura a few hours before he spoke, had one aim; to show that the army and police are on the side of the regime. This was proven, from the president's opinion, after both ministers of Defense and Interior were present in the front row listening to his speech, and after mentioning five times that he's the commander-in-chief of the police and armed forces.
Two days before the revolution, the plan was to mobilize all governorates but Greater Cairo's. Today what actually happened was that there were protests in almost every city and village in Egypt. While Alexandria, Dakahleya, Port Said, Dameitta, Monofeya, Gharbeya, Sharqeya and Beni Souief had huge protests, Greater Cairo had four sit-ins for the first time since January 25, 2011. As protesters poured in in Tahrir Square, others stayed in Kitkat in Giza, and others in front of the Ministry of Defense. A warm up has started with two small sit-ins in the vicinity of the Presidential Palace in Heliopolis. The day has faced clashes in many cities between revolutionaries and regime supporters that left two dead, one of which is an American citizen, and 227 injured.
**Text by: Mariam Saleh (mariam-saleh.blogspot.com)
Tamale Implements is a manufacturer receiving assistance under Feed the Future to build agricultural tools that meet local farmers' needs. (Alda Kauffeld/USAID Ghana)
Lutfey Siddiqi, Visiting Professor-in-Practice, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom; Young Global Leader speaking during the Session "Implementing Stakeholder Capitalism 2" at the World Economic Forum, Annual Meeting of the Global Future Councils 2019. Copyright by World Economic Forum / Benedikt von Loebell
On 9 December 2018, the 14th meeting of the Implementation Follow-up Commission (IFC) of the Doha Document for Peace in Darfur (DDPD) was held in Khartoum, Sudan. The meeting discussed progress made and the challenges faced in the implementation of the DDPD. Photo by Yousif Bilal, UNAMID.
I first started building this implement on Stud.io, then I moved on to building one in real life. (So far, this is a WIP. I'll buy the parts from the Marion LEGO Store soon)
Video Link: youtu.be/GD_q5061ZBs
Stud.io File: brickshelf.com/gallery/TheScooterGuy/Stud-io/Tedder/hay_t...
Ministerio de la Producción evalúa implementar un CITE Forestal y Agropecuario en la región Cajamarca
El ITP realizó durante dos meses un levantamiento de información y halló que existe una masa crítica de mypes y productores forestales y agropecuarios con una demanda potencial significativa, que necesita ser potenciada a través de servicios tecnológicos.
Este CITE será útil para darle valor agregado a los productos más representativos de la región, en particular aquellos de la cadena láctea.
La ministra de la Producción, Rocío Barrios, se reunió esta mañana con el Gobernador Regional, Mesías Guevara, para dialogar sobre temas relacionados al desarrollo productivo de Cajamarca.
En la reunión, Barrios informó que el Instituto Tecnológico de la Producción (ITP) realizó durante dos meses un levantamiento de información en la región y halló que existe una masa crítica de mypes y productores que necesita capacitación y asistencia técnica para potenciarlas y acompañarlas en su ingreso al mercado.
“Queremos materializar un plan de trabajo que permita acompañar a Cajamarca en su desarrollo productivo. Es una región muy rica y con potencial, el desafío es intervenir como Estado para darle valor agregado a sus mejores productos, con la intención que puedan generar empleo y se conviertan en un motor de crecimiento”, destacó.
CITE Forestal y Agroindustrial
La titular de PRODUCE sostuvo que se va evaluar la puesta en marcha de un CITE Forestal y Agroindustrial en la región, que en principio funcione como una Unidad Técnica (UT).
Indicó que en las próximas semanas debería iniciarse la intervención a través de la Red de CITE existente, así como el establecimiento de plazos para la posterior implementación del nuevo CITE, con el apoyo del Gobierno Regional de Cajamarca.
“Solicitamos al GORE que nos permitan un lugar habilitado para el local del CITE y su compromiso de apoyar este proyecto”; añadió.
Asimismo, precisó que desde el próximo mes el ITP podría realizar talleres y capacitaciones en la región a través de CITE Cedepas Norte y CITE madera, así como la posibilidad de que mypes cajamarquinas realicen pasantías.
Actividades protocolares
Durante su visita a Cajamarca, la ministra Rocío Barrios participó en la feria Fongal, que promueve la participación de productores de café y cacao con el objetivo de conquistar nuevos mercados a nivel nacional e internacional.
La tradicional feria agropecuaria, agroindustrial, artesanal y turística de Cajamarca, se realiza del 23 al 30 de julio con la intención de mostrar a la población local y a los turistas nacionales y extranjeros, a los mejores expositores y productores de esta región.
De igual manera, estuvo presente en el lanzamiento de la estrategia Cero Papel, a la cual destacó. “En solo seis meses este GORE está dando un salto digital muy importante y los felicito. La transformación digital permite que estemos comunicados y que los ciudadanos accedan a los servicios desde la comodidad de sus hogares”, finalizó.
June 23, 2015. Started my day at the dentist - just a cleaning, but any day someone scrapes your teeth with a metal implement is not a good one. Still, I had a reasonably productive afternoon.
Ministerio de la Producción evalúa implementar un CITE Forestal y Agropecuario en la región Cajamarca
El ITP realizó durante dos meses un levantamiento de información y halló que existe una masa crítica de mypes y productores forestales y agropecuarios con una demanda potencial significativa, que necesita ser potenciada a través de servicios tecnológicos.
Este CITE será útil para darle valor agregado a los productos más representativos de la región, en particular aquellos de la cadena láctea.
La ministra de la Producción, Rocío Barrios, se reunió esta mañana con el Gobernador Regional, Mesías Guevara, para dialogar sobre temas relacionados al desarrollo productivo de Cajamarca.
En la reunión, Barrios informó que el Instituto Tecnológico de la Producción (ITP) realizó durante dos meses un levantamiento de información en la región y halló que existe una masa crítica de mypes y productores que necesita capacitación y asistencia técnica para potenciarlas y acompañarlas en su ingreso al mercado.
“Queremos materializar un plan de trabajo que permita acompañar a Cajamarca en su desarrollo productivo. Es una región muy rica y con potencial, el desafío es intervenir como Estado para darle valor agregado a sus mejores productos, con la intención que puedan generar empleo y se conviertan en un motor de crecimiento”, destacó.
CITE Forestal y Agroindustrial
La titular de PRODUCE sostuvo que se va evaluar la puesta en marcha de un CITE Forestal y Agroindustrial en la región, que en principio funcione como una Unidad Técnica (UT).
Indicó que en las próximas semanas debería iniciarse la intervención a través de la Red de CITE existente, así como el establecimiento de plazos para la posterior implementación del nuevo CITE, con el apoyo del Gobierno Regional de Cajamarca.
“Solicitamos al GORE que nos permitan un lugar habilitado para el local del CITE y su compromiso de apoyar este proyecto”; añadió.
Asimismo, precisó que desde el próximo mes el ITP podría realizar talleres y capacitaciones en la región a través de CITE Cedepas Norte y CITE madera, así como la posibilidad de que mypes cajamarquinas realicen pasantías.
Actividades protocolares
Durante su visita a Cajamarca, la ministra Rocío Barrios participó en la feria Fongal, que promueve la participación de productores de café y cacao con el objetivo de conquistar nuevos mercados a nivel nacional e internacional.
La tradicional feria agropecuaria, agroindustrial, artesanal y turística de Cajamarca, se realiza del 23 al 30 de julio con la intención de mostrar a la población local y a los turistas nacionales y extranjeros, a los mejores expositores y productores de esta región.
De igual manera, estuvo presente en el lanzamiento de la estrategia Cero Papel, a la cual destacó. “En solo seis meses este GORE está dando un salto digital muy importante y los felicito. La transformación digital permite que estemos comunicados y que los ciudadanos accedan a los servicios desde la comodidad de sus hogares”, finalizó.
Anne Finucane, Vice-Chairman, Bank of America, USA speaking during the Session "Implementing Stakeholder Capitalism 2" at the World Economic Forum, Annual Meeting of the Global Future Councils 2019. Copyright by World Economic Forum / Benedikt von Loebell
Gabriel Maldonado, director Liceo Científico Doctor Miguel Canela Lázaro expone sobre el método de enseñanza usado en ese centro educativo.
Foto: Ángel Álvarez Rodríguez/Presidencia República Dominicana
Nota de prensa:
presidencia.gob.do/noticias/liceo-de-salcedo-implementa-m...
Video YouTube:
In recent years, states in the region have implemented programs with the aim of reducing poverty and extreme poverty. Here are some examples.
In Belize, the Building Opportunities for Our Social Transformation Initiative—aimed at pregnant women, children under the age of 4 and school-age children, adults and persons with physical disabilities—provides cash transfers for people who meet three requirements: immunize children under 5, ensure regular prenatal check-ups for pregnant women, and keep children in school with a minimum of 85% attendance.
In Bolivia, the Juancito Pinto Grant is given to a parent or guardian of a child in the first five years of primary school, on the condition that the child has a minimum of 80% attendance during the school year. A further program is the Juana Azurduy de Padilla Grant, a financial incentive given to pregnant women and recent mothers on the condition that they attend prenatal and postpartum check-ups and educational activities and take their babies for regular medical examinations.
In Brazil, the main cash transfer program, known as Bolsa Familia, is a grant given to families who live in poverty or extreme poverty on the condition that they vaccinate their children on time, take them for medical examinations, and keep them in school with regular attendance.
In Colombia, the Families in Action program grants education subsidies on the condition that the student regularly attends school, to promote school graduation among people who live in poverty.
In Honduras, the Better Life grant involves cash transfers to people who live in extreme poverty, provided that they meet certain conditions in the fields of healthcare, education and nutrition.
In Panama, the Opportunity Network program involves cash transfers on the condition that women attend prenatal check-ups and that children under 5 attend medical examinations to keep their health and growth on track.
Still, we note that asking people who live in poverty and extreme poverty to prove, by meeting certain requirements, that they “deserve” such benefits would infringe upon the very foundations of their human rights.
Visit the multimedia site:
Read the Report (in Spanish)
www.oas.org/es/cidh/informes/pdfs/PobrezaDDHH2017.pdf
Social Media Campaign
April, 2018
Plot - Alex Katz, Georg Baselitz, Iris (Detail), 2009, Albertina - Sammlung Batliner
The Albertina
The architectural history of the Palais
(Pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Image: The oldest photographic view of the newly designed Palais Archduke Albrecht, 1869
"It is my will that the expansion of the inner city of Vienna with regard to a suitable connection of the same with the suburbs as soon as possible is tackled and at this on Regulirung (regulation) and beautifying of my Residence and Imperial Capital is taken into account. To this end I grant the withdrawal of the ramparts and fortifications of the inner city and the trenches around the same".
This decree of Emperor Franz Joseph I, published on 25 December 1857 in the Wiener Zeitung, formed the basis for the largest the surface concerning and architecturally most significant transformation of the Viennese cityscape. Involving several renowned domestic and foreign architects a "master plan" took form, which included the construction of a boulevard instead of the ramparts between the inner city and its radially upstream suburbs. In the 50-years during implementation phase, an impressive architectural ensemble developed, consisting of imperial and private representational buildings, public administration and cultural buildings, churches and barracks, marking the era under the term "ring-street style". Already in the first year tithe decided a senior member of the Austrian imperial family to decorate the facades of his palace according to the new design principles, and thus certified the aristocratic claim that this also "historicism" said style on the part of the imperial house was attributed.
Image: The Old Albertina after 1920
It was the palace of Archduke Albrecht (1817-1895), the Senior of the Habsburg Family Council, who as Field Marshal held the overall command over the Austro-Hungarian army. The building was incorporated into the imperial residence of the Hofburg complex, forming the south-west corner and extending eleven meters above street level on the so-called Augustinerbastei.
The close proximity of the palace to the imperial residence corresponded not only with Emperor Franz Joseph I and Archduke Albert with a close familial relationship between the owner of the palace and the monarch. Even the former inhabitants were always in close relationship to the imperial family, whether by birth or marriage. An exception here again proves the rule: Don Emanuel Teles da Silva Conde Tarouca (1696-1771), for which Maria Theresa in 1744 the palace had built, was just a close friend and advisor of the monarch. Silva Tarouca underpins the rule with a second exception, because he belonged to the administrative services as Generalhofbaudirektor (general court architect) and President of the Austrian-Dutch administration, while all other him subsequent owners were highest ranking military.
In the annals of Austrian history, especially those of military history, they either went into as commander of the Imperial Army, or the Austrian, later kk Army. In chronological order, this applies to Duke Carl Alexander of Lorraine, the brother-of-law of Maria Theresa, as Imperial Marshal, her son-in-law Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen, also field marshal, whos adopted son, Archduke Charles of Austria, the last imperial field marshal and only Generalissimo of Austria, his son Archduke Albrecht of Austria as Feldmarschalil and army Supreme commander, and most recently his nephew Archduke Friedrich of Austria, who held as field marshal from 1914 to 1916 the command of the Austro-Hungarian troops. Despite their military profession, all five generals conceived themselves as patrons of the arts and promoted large sums of money to build large collections, the construction of magnificent buildings and cultural life. Charles Alexander of Lorraine promoted as governor of the Austrian Netherlands from 1741 to 1780 the Academy of Fine Arts, the Théâtre de Ja Monnaie and the companies Bourgeois Concert and Concert Noble, he founded the Academie royale et imperial des Sciences et des Lettres, opened the Bibliotheque Royal for the population and supported artistic talents with high scholarships. World fame got his porcelain collection, which however had to be sold by Emperor Joseph II to pay off his debts. Duke Albert began in 1776 according to the concept of conte Durazzo to set up an encyclopedic collection of prints, which forms the core of the world-famous "Albertina" today.
Image : Duke Albert and Archduchess Marie Christine show in family cercle the from Italy brought along art, 1776. Frederick Henry Füger.
1816 declared to Fideikommiss and thus in future indivisible, inalienable and inseparable, the collection 1822 passed into the possession of Archduke Carl, who, like his descendants, it broadened. Under him, the collection was introduced together with the sumptuously equipped palace on the Augustinerbastei in the so-called "Carl Ludwig'schen fideicommissum in 1826, by which the building and the in it kept collection fused into an indissoluble unity. At this time had from the Palais Tarouca by structural expansion or acquisition a veritable Residenz palace evolved. Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen was first in 1800 the third floor of the adjacent Augustinian convent wing adapted to house his collection and he had after 1802 by his Belgian architect Louis de Montoyer at the suburban side built a magnificent extension, called the wing of staterooms, it was equipped in the style of Louis XVI. Only two decades later, Archduke Carl the entire palace newly set up. According to scetches of the architect Joseph Kornhäusel the 1822-1825 retreaded premises presented themselves in the Empire style. The interior of the palace testified from now in an impressive way the high rank and the prominent position of its owner. Under Archduke Albrecht the outer appearance also should meet the requirements. He had the facade of the palace in the style of historicism orchestrated and added to the Palais front against the suburbs an offshore covered access. Inside, he limited himself, apart from the redesign of the Rococo room in the manner of the second Blondel style, to the retention of the paternal stock. Archduke Friedrich's plans for an expansion of the palace were omitted, however, because of the outbreak of the First World War so that his contribution to the state rooms, especially, consists in the layout of the Spanish apartment, which he in 1895 for his sister, the Queen of Spain Maria Christina, had set up as a permanent residence.
Picture: The "audience room" after the restoration: Picture: The "balcony room" around 1990
The era of stately representation with handing down their cultural values found its most obvious visualization inside the palace through the design and features of the staterooms. On one hand, by the use of the finest materials and the purchase of masterfully manufactured pieces of equipment, such as on the other hand by the permanent reuse of older equipment parts. This period lasted until 1919, when Archduke Friedrich was expropriated by the newly founded Republic of Austria. With the republicanization of the collection and the building first of all finished the tradition that the owner's name was synonymous with the building name:
After Palais Tarouca or tarokkisches house it was called Lorraine House, afterwards Duke Albert Palais and Palais Archduke Carl. Due to the new construction of an adjacently located administration building it received in 1865 the prefix "Upper" and was referred to as Upper Palais Archduke Albrecht and Upper Palais Archduke Frederick. For the state a special reference to the Habsburg past was certainly politically no longer opportune, which is why was decided to name the building according to the in it kept collection "Albertina".
Picture: The "Wedgwood Cabinet" after the restoration: Picture: the "Wedgwood Cabinet" in the Palais Archduke Friedrich, 1905
This name derives from the term "La Collection Albertina" which had been used by the gallery Inspector Maurice von Thausing in 1870 in the Gazette des Beaux-Arts for the former graphics collection of Duke Albert. For this reason, it was the first time since the foundation of the palace that the name of the collection had become synonymous with the room shell. Room shell, hence, because the Republic of Austria Archduke Friedrich had allowed to take along all the movable goods from the palace in his Hungarian exile: crystal chandeliers, curtains and carpets as well as sculptures, vases and clocks. Particularly stressed should be the exquisite furniture, which stems of three facilities phases: the Louis XVI furnitures of Duke Albert, which had been manufactured on the basis of fraternal relations between his wife Archduchess Marie Christine and the French Queen Marie Antoinette after 1780 in the French Hofmanufakturen, also the on behalf of Archduke Charles 1822-1825 in the Vienna Porcelain Manufactory by Joseph Danhauser produced Empire furnitures and thirdly additions of the same style of Archduke Friedrich, which this about 1900 at Portois & Ffix as well as at Friedrich Otto Schmidt had commissioned.
The "swept clean" building got due to the strained financial situation after the First World War initially only a makeshift facility. However, since until 1999 no revision of the emergency equipment took place, but differently designed, primarily the utilitarianism committed office furnitures complementarily had been added, the equipment of the former state rooms presented itself at the end of the 20th century as an inhomogeneous administrative mingle-mangle of insignificant parts, where, however, dwelt a certain quaint charm. From the magnificent state rooms had evolved depots, storage rooms, a library, a study hall and several officed.
Image: The Albertina Graphic Arts Collection and the Philipphof after the American bombing of 12 März 1945.
Image: The palace after the demolition of the entrance facade, 1948-52
Worse it hit the outer appearance of the palace, because in times of continued anti-Habsburg sentiment after the Second World War and inspired by an intolerant destruction will, it came by pickaxe to a ministerial erasure of history. In contrast to the graphic collection possessed the richly decorated facades with the conspicuous insignia of the former owner an object-immanent reference to the Habsburg past and thus exhibited the monarchial traditions and values of the era of Francis Joseph significantly. As part of the remedial measures after a bomb damage, in 1948 the aristocratic, by Archduke Albert initiated, historicist facade structuring along with all decorations was cut off, many facade figures demolished and the Hapsburg crest emblems plunged to the ground. Since in addition the old ramp also had been cancelled and the main entrance of the bastion level had been moved down to the second basement storey at street level, ended the presence of the old Archduke's palace after more than 200 years. At the reopening of the "Albertina Graphic Collection" in 1952, the former Hapsburg Palais of splendour presented itself as one of his identity robbed, formally trivial, soulless room shell, whose successful republicanization an oversized and also unproportional eagle above the new main entrance to the Augustinian road symbolized. The emocratic throw of monuments had wiped out the Hapsburg palace from the urban appeareance, whereby in the perception only existed a nondescript, nameless and ahistorical building that henceforth served the lodging and presentation of world-famous graphic collection of the Albertina. The condition was not changed by the decision to the refurbishment because there were only planned collection specific extensions, but no restoration of the palace.
Image: The palace after the Second World War with simplified facades, the rudiment of the Danubiusbrunnens (well) and the new staircase up to the Augustinerbastei
This paradigm shift corresponded to a blatant reversal of the historical circumstances, as the travel guides and travel books for kk Residence and imperial capital of Vienna dedicated itself primarily with the magnificent, aristocratic palace on the Augustinerbastei with the sumptuously fitted out reception rooms and mentioned the collection kept there - if at all - only in passing. Only with the repositioning of the Albertina in 2000 under the direction of Klaus Albrecht Schröder, the palace was within the meaning and in fulfillment of the Fideikommiss of Archduke Charles in 1826 again met with the high regard, from which could result a further inseparable bond between the magnificent mansions and the world-famous collection. In view of the knowing about politically motivated errors and omissions of the past, the facades should get back their noble, historicist designing, the staterooms regain their glamorous, prestigious appearance and culturally unique equippment be repurchased. From this presumption, eventually grew the full commitment to revise the history of redemption and the return of the stately palace in the public consciousness.
Image: The restored suburb facade of the Palais Albertina suburb
The smoothed palace facades were returned to their original condition and present themselves today - with the exception of the not anymore reconstructed Attica figures - again with the historicist decoration and layout elements that Archduke Albrecht had given after the razing of the Augustinerbastei in 1865 in order. The neoclassical interiors, today called after the former inhabitants "Habsburg Staterooms", receiving a meticulous and detailed restoration taking place at the premises of originality and authenticity, got back their venerable and sumptuous appearance. From the world wide scattered historical pieces of equipment have been bought back 70 properties or could be returned through permanent loan to its original location, by which to the visitors is made experiencable again that atmosphere in 1919 the state rooms of the last Habsburg owner Archduke Frederick had owned. The for the first time in 80 years public accessible "Habsburg State Rooms" at the Palais Albertina enable now again as eloquent testimony to our Habsburg past and as a unique cultural heritage fundamental and essential insights into the Austrian cultural history. With the relocation of the main entrance to the level of the Augustinerbastei the recollection to this so valuable Austrian Cultural Heritage formally and functionally came to completion. The vision of the restoration and recovery of the grand palace was a pillar on which the new Albertina should arise again, the other embody the four large newly built exhibition halls, which allow for the first time in the history of the Albertina, to exhibit the collection throughout its encyclopedic breadh under optimal conservation conditions.
Image: The new entrance area of the Albertina
64 meter long shed roof. Hans Hollein.
The palace presents itself now in its appearance in the historicist style of the Ringstrassenära, almost as if nothing had happened in the meantime. But will the wheel of time should not, cannot and must not be turned back, so that the double standards of the "Albertina Palace" said museum - on the one hand Habsburg grandeur palaces and other modern museum for the arts of graphics - should be symbolized by a modern character: The in 2003 by Hans Hollein designed far into the Albertina square cantilevering, elegant floating flying roof. 64 meters long, it symbolizes in the form of a dynamic wedge the accelerated urban spatial connectivity and public access to the palace. It advertises the major changes in the interior as well as the huge underground extensions of the repositioned "Albertina".
Christian Benedictine
Art historian with research interests History of Architecture, building industry of the Hapsburgs, Hofburg and Zeremonialwissenschaft (ceremonial sciences). Since 1990 he works in the architecture collection of the Albertina. Since 2000 he supervises as director of the newly founded department "Staterooms" the restoration and furnishing of the state rooms and the restoration of the facades and explores the history of the palace and its inhabitants.
20 May 2019 - TALK TOGETHER
Session : The Male Disadvantage in Education
Speakers : Camilla Stoltenberg, Director-General, Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Head, Norwegian National Commission on Gender Equality in Education
With ** Francesca Borgonovi, Senior Analyst, Policy Advice and Implementation, Directorate for Education and Skills, OECD
OECD Headquarters, Paris.
Photo : © Hervé Cortinat / OECD
“Desde el Ministerio convocaremos a actores como la academia, los gremios y otras organizaciones para implementar una hoja de ruta local que convierta a Leticia en una biodiverciudad. Es un territorio con gran riqueza hídrica, localizado de manera estratégica al limitar con Perú y Brasil, multicultural y con enorme potencial para hacer un uso sostenible de su biodiversidad”, señaló el ministro de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Carlos Eduardo Correa.
La firma del memorando de entendimiento ‘Leticia Biodiverciudad’ permite que las autoridades territoriales de la capital amazónica se apropien de la iniciativa y junto con el Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible impulsen proyectos estratégicos dentro de los planes de desarrollo que se relacionen con el concepto de biodiverciudades y contemplen las necesidades y prioridades del territorio.
Actualmente, en Leticia, se adelantan importantes proyectos relacionados con biodiverciudades. El instituto Sinchi, gran aliado en esta labor, impulsa programas como la caracterización de humedales urbanos, producción local de bioempaques, educación de la población en hábitos de consumo sostenible, piscicultura con especies nativas, entre otros.
La iniciativa busca, además, que las personas de Leticia se empoderen y reconozcan su medio ambiente, su naturaleza, su biodiversidad, siendo conscientes de los servicios ecosistémicos que le presta el ambiente y de la estructura ecológica que la sostiene.
Cabe resaltar que el 3 de diciembre de 2019 se realizó el Diálogo Regional para la Construcción de Biodiverciudades en Leticia, en donde se identificaron los principales retos que enfrenta la ciudad en materia ambiental y su potencial para aprovechar de manera sostenible su biodiversidad, contando con la participación de aliados estratégicos para hacer posible esta transformación.
Esta alianza es uno de los resultados del despliegue del Sistema Nacional Ambiental durante esta semana #JuntosPorLaAmazonía, que se encuentra en diferentes ciudades de la región para fortalecer acciones que protejan su riqueza natural. / Dic. 02, 2020. (Fotografía Oficial Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible / Emilio Aparicio Rodríguez).
Esta fotografía oficial del Oficial Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible está disponible sólo para ser publicada por las organizaciones de noticias, medios nacionales e internacionales y/o para uso personal de impresión por el sujeto de la fotografía. La fotografía no puede ser alterada digitalmente o manipularse de ninguna manera, y tampoco puede usarse en materiales comerciales o políticos, anuncios, correos electrónicos, productos o promociones que de cualquier manera sugieran aprobación por parte del Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible.
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The Albertina
The architectural history of the Palais
(Pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Image: The oldest photographic view of the newly designed Palais Archduke Albrecht, 1869
"It is my will that the expansion of the inner city of Vienna with regard to a suitable connection of the same with the suburbs as soon as possible is tackled and at this on Regulirung (regulation) and beautifying of my Residence and Imperial Capital is taken into account. To this end I grant the withdrawal of the ramparts and fortifications of the inner city and the trenches around the same".
This decree of Emperor Franz Joseph I, published on 25 December 1857 in the Wiener Zeitung, formed the basis for the largest the surface concerning and architecturally most significant transformation of the Viennese cityscape. Involving several renowned domestic and foreign architects a "master plan" took form, which included the construction of a boulevard instead of the ramparts between the inner city and its radially upstream suburbs. In the 50-years during implementation phase, an impressive architectural ensemble developed, consisting of imperial and private representational buildings, public administration and cultural buildings, churches and barracks, marking the era under the term "ring-street style". Already in the first year tithe decided a senior member of the Austrian imperial family to decorate the facades of his palace according to the new design principles, and thus certified the aristocratic claim that this also "historicism" said style on the part of the imperial house was attributed.
Image: The Old Albertina after 1920
It was the palace of Archduke Albrecht (1817-1895), the Senior of the Habsburg Family Council, who as Field Marshal held the overall command over the Austro-Hungarian army. The building was incorporated into the imperial residence of the Hofburg complex, forming the south-west corner and extending eleven meters above street level on the so-called Augustinerbastei.
The close proximity of the palace to the imperial residence corresponded not only with Emperor Franz Joseph I and Archduke Albert with a close familial relationship between the owner of the palace and the monarch. Even the former inhabitants were always in close relationship to the imperial family, whether by birth or marriage. An exception here again proves the rule: Don Emanuel Teles da Silva Conde Tarouca (1696-1771), for which Maria Theresa in 1744 the palace had built, was just a close friend and advisor of the monarch. Silva Tarouca underpins the rule with a second exception, because he belonged to the administrative services as Generalhofbaudirektor (general court architect) and President of the Austrian-Dutch administration, while all other him subsequent owners were highest ranking military.
In the annals of Austrian history, especially those of military history, they either went into as commander of the Imperial Army, or the Austrian, later kk Army. In chronological order, this applies to Duke Carl Alexander of Lorraine, the brother-of-law of Maria Theresa, as Imperial Marshal, her son-in-law Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen, also field marshal, whos adopted son, Archduke Charles of Austria, the last imperial field marshal and only Generalissimo of Austria, his son Archduke Albrecht of Austria as Feldmarschalil and army Supreme commander, and most recently his nephew Archduke Friedrich of Austria, who held as field marshal from 1914 to 1916 the command of the Austro-Hungarian troops. Despite their military profession, all five generals conceived themselves as patrons of the arts and promoted large sums of money to build large collections, the construction of magnificent buildings and cultural life. Charles Alexander of Lorraine promoted as governor of the Austrian Netherlands from 1741 to 1780 the Academy of Fine Arts, the Théâtre de Ja Monnaie and the companies Bourgeois Concert and Concert Noble, he founded the Academie royale et imperial des Sciences et des Lettres, opened the Bibliotheque Royal for the population and supported artistic talents with high scholarships. World fame got his porcelain collection, which however had to be sold by Emperor Joseph II to pay off his debts. Duke Albert began in 1776 according to the concept of conte Durazzo to set up an encyclopedic collection of prints, which forms the core of the world-famous "Albertina" today.
Image : Duke Albert and Archduchess Marie Christine show in family cercle the from Italy brought along art, 1776. Frederick Henry Füger.
1816 declared to Fideikommiss and thus in future indivisible, inalienable and inseparable, the collection 1822 passed into the possession of Archduke Carl, who, like his descendants, it broadened. Under him, the collection was introduced together with the sumptuously equipped palace on the Augustinerbastei in the so-called "Carl Ludwig'schen fideicommissum in 1826, by which the building and the in it kept collection fused into an indissoluble unity. At this time had from the Palais Tarouca by structural expansion or acquisition a veritable Residenz palace evolved. Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen was first in 1800 the third floor of the adjacent Augustinian convent wing adapted to house his collection and he had after 1802 by his Belgian architect Louis de Montoyer at the suburban side built a magnificent extension, called the wing of staterooms, it was equipped in the style of Louis XVI. Only two decades later, Archduke Carl the entire palace newly set up. According to scetches of the architect Joseph Kornhäusel the 1822-1825 retreaded premises presented themselves in the Empire style. The interior of the palace testified from now in an impressive way the high rank and the prominent position of its owner. Under Archduke Albrecht the outer appearance also should meet the requirements. He had the facade of the palace in the style of historicism orchestrated and added to the Palais front against the suburbs an offshore covered access. Inside, he limited himself, apart from the redesign of the Rococo room in the manner of the second Blondel style, to the retention of the paternal stock. Archduke Friedrich's plans for an expansion of the palace were omitted, however, because of the outbreak of the First World War so that his contribution to the state rooms, especially, consists in the layout of the Spanish apartment, which he in 1895 for his sister, the Queen of Spain Maria Christina, had set up as a permanent residence.
Picture: The "audience room" after the restoration: Picture: The "balcony room" around 1990
The era of stately representation with handing down their cultural values found its most obvious visualization inside the palace through the design and features of the staterooms. On one hand, by the use of the finest materials and the purchase of masterfully manufactured pieces of equipment, such as on the other hand by the permanent reuse of older equipment parts. This period lasted until 1919, when Archduke Friedrich was expropriated by the newly founded Republic of Austria. With the republicanization of the collection and the building first of all finished the tradition that the owner's name was synonymous with the building name:
After Palais Tarouca or tarokkisches house it was called Lorraine House, afterwards Duke Albert Palais and Palais Archduke Carl. Due to the new construction of an adjacently located administration building it received in 1865 the prefix "Upper" and was referred to as Upper Palais Archduke Albrecht and Upper Palais Archduke Frederick. For the state a special reference to the Habsburg past was certainly politically no longer opportune, which is why was decided to name the building according to the in it kept collection "Albertina".
Picture: The "Wedgwood Cabinet" after the restoration: Picture: the "Wedgwood Cabinet" in the Palais Archduke Friedrich, 1905
This name derives from the term "La Collection Albertina" which had been used by the gallery Inspector Maurice von Thausing in 1870 in the Gazette des Beaux-Arts for the former graphics collection of Duke Albert. For this reason, it was the first time since the foundation of the palace that the name of the collection had become synonymous with the room shell. Room shell, hence, because the Republic of Austria Archduke Friedrich had allowed to take along all the movable goods from the palace in his Hungarian exile: crystal chandeliers, curtains and carpets as well as sculptures, vases and clocks. Particularly stressed should be the exquisite furniture, which stems of three facilities phases: the Louis XVI furnitures of Duke Albert, which had been manufactured on the basis of fraternal relations between his wife Archduchess Marie Christine and the French Queen Marie Antoinette after 1780 in the French Hofmanufakturen, also the on behalf of Archduke Charles 1822-1825 in the Vienna Porcelain Manufactory by Joseph Danhauser produced Empire furnitures and thirdly additions of the same style of Archduke Friedrich, which this about 1900 at Portois & Ffix as well as at Friedrich Otto Schmidt had commissioned.
The "swept clean" building got due to the strained financial situation after the First World War initially only a makeshift facility. However, since until 1999 no revision of the emergency equipment took place, but differently designed, primarily the utilitarianism committed office furnitures complementarily had been added, the equipment of the former state rooms presented itself at the end of the 20th century as an inhomogeneous administrative mingle-mangle of insignificant parts, where, however, dwelt a certain quaint charm. From the magnificent state rooms had evolved depots, storage rooms, a library, a study hall and several officed.
Image: The Albertina Graphic Arts Collection and the Philipphof after the American bombing of 12 März 1945.
Image: The palace after the demolition of the entrance facade, 1948-52
Worse it hit the outer appearance of the palace, because in times of continued anti-Habsburg sentiment after the Second World War and inspired by an intolerant destruction will, it came by pickaxe to a ministerial erasure of history. In contrast to the graphic collection possessed the richly decorated facades with the conspicuous insignia of the former owner an object-immanent reference to the Habsburg past and thus exhibited the monarchial traditions and values of the era of Francis Joseph significantly. As part of the remedial measures after a bomb damage, in 1948 the aristocratic, by Archduke Albert initiated, historicist facade structuring along with all decorations was cut off, many facade figures demolished and the Hapsburg crest emblems plunged to the ground. Since in addition the old ramp also had been cancelled and the main entrance of the bastion level had been moved down to the second basement storey at street level, ended the presence of the old Archduke's palace after more than 200 years. At the reopening of the "Albertina Graphic Collection" in 1952, the former Hapsburg Palais of splendour presented itself as one of his identity robbed, formally trivial, soulless room shell, whose successful republicanization an oversized and also unproportional eagle above the new main entrance to the Augustinian road symbolized. The emocratic throw of monuments had wiped out the Hapsburg palace from the urban appeareance, whereby in the perception only existed a nondescript, nameless and ahistorical building that henceforth served the lodging and presentation of world-famous graphic collection of the Albertina. The condition was not changed by the decision to the refurbishment because there were only planned collection specific extensions, but no restoration of the palace.
Image: The palace after the Second World War with simplified facades, the rudiment of the Danubiusbrunnens (well) and the new staircase up to the Augustinerbastei
This paradigm shift corresponded to a blatant reversal of the historical circumstances, as the travel guides and travel books for kk Residence and imperial capital of Vienna dedicated itself primarily with the magnificent, aristocratic palace on the Augustinerbastei with the sumptuously fitted out reception rooms and mentioned the collection kept there - if at all - only in passing. Only with the repositioning of the Albertina in 2000 under the direction of Klaus Albrecht Schröder, the palace was within the meaning and in fulfillment of the Fideikommiss of Archduke Charles in 1826 again met with the high regard, from which could result a further inseparable bond between the magnificent mansions and the world-famous collection. In view of the knowing about politically motivated errors and omissions of the past, the facades should get back their noble, historicist designing, the staterooms regain their glamorous, prestigious appearance and culturally unique equippment be repurchased. From this presumption, eventually grew the full commitment to revise the history of redemption and the return of the stately palace in the public consciousness.
Image: The restored suburb facade of the Palais Albertina suburb
The smoothed palace facades were returned to their original condition and present themselves today - with the exception of the not anymore reconstructed Attica figures - again with the historicist decoration and layout elements that Archduke Albrecht had given after the razing of the Augustinerbastei in 1865 in order. The neoclassical interiors, today called after the former inhabitants "Habsburg Staterooms", receiving a meticulous and detailed restoration taking place at the premises of originality and authenticity, got back their venerable and sumptuous appearance. From the world wide scattered historical pieces of equipment have been bought back 70 properties or could be returned through permanent loan to its original location, by which to the visitors is made experiencable again that atmosphere in 1919 the state rooms of the last Habsburg owner Archduke Frederick had owned. The for the first time in 80 years public accessible "Habsburg State Rooms" at the Palais Albertina enable now again as eloquent testimony to our Habsburg past and as a unique cultural heritage fundamental and essential insights into the Austrian cultural history. With the relocation of the main entrance to the level of the Augustinerbastei the recollection to this so valuable Austrian Cultural Heritage formally and functionally came to completion. The vision of the restoration and recovery of the grand palace was a pillar on which the new Albertina should arise again, the other embody the four large newly built exhibition halls, which allow for the first time in the history of the Albertina, to exhibit the collection throughout its encyclopedic breadh under optimal conservation conditions.
Image: The new entrance area of the Albertina
64 meter long shed roof. Hans Hollein.
The palace presents itself now in its appearance in the historicist style of the Ringstrassenära, almost as if nothing had happened in the meantime. But will the wheel of time should not, cannot and must not be turned back, so that the double standards of the "Albertina Palace" said museum - on the one hand Habsburg grandeur palaces and other modern museum for the arts of graphics - should be symbolized by a modern character: The in 2003 by Hans Hollein designed far into the Albertina square cantilevering, elegant floating flying roof. 64 meters long, it symbolizes in the form of a dynamic wedge the accelerated urban spatial connectivity and public access to the palace. It advertises the major changes in the interior as well as the huge underground extensions of the repositioned "Albertina".
Christian Benedictine
Art historian with research interests History of Architecture, building industry of the Hapsburgs, Hofburg and Zeremonialwissenschaft (ceremonial sciences). Since 1990 he works in the architecture collection of the Albertina. Since 2000 he supervises as director of the newly founded department "Staterooms" the restoration and furnishing of the state rooms and the restoration of the facades and explores the history of the palace and its inhabitants.
On November 19th in front of 27,000 fans at Mikheil Meskhi stadium the national rugby teams of Georgia and Samoa expressed their support to the United Nations Secretary General’s UNiTE to End Violence against Women Campaign. The Samoan rugby team has followed the Georgian national team’s example in actively joining the cause by expressing their support to the UNiTe campaign. The match ended with the victory of Georgia, score- 20:16 and at the same time Levan Chalichava has earned the man of the match award and has been granted a prize on behalf of the UNiTE campaign by Irina Japharidze, UN Women Programme Analyst. Georgian rugby players have a long-standing partnership with UN Women in the framework of the UN Joint programme for gender equality (funded by the Government of Sweden and implemented by UNDP, UN Women and UNFPA). This cooperation is aimed at increasing men’s engagement in the fight against violence against women and girls.
Pictured: Prematch press conference. From right to left: Georgian national rugby team Chief Coach Milton Heig and Capitan Mamuka Gorgodze opening the Orange Campaign.
Photo: GRU/Goga Bukhaidze
Tribunal Virtual en el Aula Universitaria
Lunes, 10 de Septiembre de 2012
Por primera ocasión, el Tribunal Virtual se presentó en el aula universitaria para mostrar, a las nuevas generaciones de abogados, los avances tecnológicos que el Poder Judicial de Puebla ha implementado para hacer más eficiente la administración de justicia.
Fue en el Segundo Congreso de Perspectiva Jurídica Internacional que se realizó en el Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, donde estudiantes de Derecho de diferentes instituciones de educación superior de la entidad conocieron del Juzgado de Exhortos y del Expediente Virtual, dos de los más treinta proyectos que integran el Programa Tribunal Virtual.
Bajo el título de Perspectiva Internacional del Poder Judicial de Puebla, la Jueza de Exhortos, licenciada María de Lourdes López Herrera, explicó la trascendencia del Juzgado que en el presente año ha tramitado más de cinco mil exhortos, los que tradicionalmente eran conocidos por los tribunales del área metropolitana de Puebla capital.
De esta forma, explicó, se ha disminuido la carga de trabajo de los Juzgados Civiles de la región donde se encuentran asentados los principales corredores industriales de la entidad, los que actualmente atienden de forma preponderante asuntos financieros y mercantiles.
Por su parte, la maestra en Derecho María Alicia Ortíz Márquez, titular del Juzgado tercero de lo Civil y piloto en el proyecto Expediente Virtual, informó que a la fecha más de mil asuntos están digitalizados y se tramitan a través de Internet.
Hizo notar las bondades del sistema digital, como la certeza, la seguridad y el acceso directo, sin dilaciones, al Expediente en que tienen interés jurídico las partes.
En Colombia, para cumplir con la jornada de vacunación se implementaron dos estrategias, agendamiento de citas en los hospitales y centros de salud, sin aglomeraciones, y vacunación extramural, estrategia en la que con citas previamente agendadas, los vacunadores van hasta la casa de los pobladores.
While visiting my parents back home in NJ I wanted to help my Dad clean out the garage and basement. As an engineer, he's amassed a huge amount of tools and equipment over the last ~50 years! I decided to photograph some of it before it was gone.