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EI-ENG Boeing 737-800 of Ryanair by Steve Hall

EI-ENG Boeing 737-800 of Ryanair at Edinburgh 30/10/21

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4) Half-Marathoners from Ottawa, Gatineau & Area: stats and pics (Cori - Donna) by Ian Hunter

There are 15 web pages listing Ottawa, Gatineau & area half marathoners. This web page lists the area half-marathoners who have first names starting with a Cori to Donna.

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For the names of the other half-marathon runners, go to the set called "Ottawa-area Half-marathoners" which has links to the full directory of names i.e., all 15 web pages.

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To access race statistics AND pictures (if available), first click on this Sportstats’ link and enter the runner's last and first names, and then click on Search.

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The names are derived from the following half-marathon races:

i) 2010 Canada Army Run (link for photos only)

ii) 2010 Ottawa Fall Colours (link for photos only)

iii) 2010 Nine Run Run (link for photos only)

iv) 2011 Winterman (link for photos only)

v) 2011 Ottawa Race Weekend (link for photos only)

vi) 2011 Canada Army Run (link for photos only)

vii) 2011 Scotiabank Waterfront (link for photos only)

The pictures are available for sale from ASI Photos, Zoom Photo, etc.

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(list no. 4, in order by first name)

1….Cori Dinovitzer….Ottawa….F40-49

2….Corina Buettner….Ottawa….F30-39

3….Corina Yip….Nepean….F40-44

4….Corinna Heyn-Jones….Ottawa….F20-24

5….Corinna Simmons….Ottawa….F40-44

6….Corinna Wong….Kanata….F60-69

7….Corinne Ginnish….Kanata….F45-49

8….Corleen Asbreuk….Kemptville….F50-59

9….Corri Barr….Ottawa….F30-39

10….Corrina Morehouse….Ottawa….F40-44

11….Cory Bialowas….Ottawa….M35-39

12….Cory Egan….Orleans….M40-44

13….Cory Fox….Jasper….M19 & under

14….Cory Gaudet….Pembroke….M20-29

15….Cory Hickey….Orleans….M30-39

16….Cory Kwasny….Ottawa….M30-39

17….Cory Mackeigan….Chalk River….M30-39

18….Cory Martin….Ottawa….M20-29

19….Costas Farassoglou….Gloucester….M30-34

20….Court Curry….Ottawa….M30-34

21….Courtney Dowd….Ottawa….F25-29

22….Courtney Henderson….Ottawa….F20-29

23….Courtney Kalbfleisan….Ottawa….F20-29

24….Courtney Kalbfleisch….Ottawa….F25-29

25….Courtney Laginski….Ottawa….F25-29

26….Courtney O'neill….Ottawa….F20-24

27….Courtney Pearson….Ottawa….F20-24

28….Courtney Post….Chelsea….F20-24

29….Courtney Sendall….Ottawa….F20-29

30….Courtney Watson….Ottawa….F20-29

31….Craig Bascombe….Ottawa….M50-54

32….Craig Beckett….Gatineau….M30-39

33….Craig Blair….Ottawa….M30-39

34….Craig Bushey….Ottawa….M60-64

35….Craig Carney….Ottawa….M30-39

36….Craig Crant….Ottawa….M30-39

37….Craig Finlay….Orleans….M30-34

38….Craig Gauthier….Kanata….M30-39

39….Craig Henry….Cornwall….M50-59

40….Craig Higgins….Petawawa….M30-39

41….Craig Killin….Metcalfe….M50-54

42….Craig Kowalik….Ottawa….M30-34

43….Craig Lynch….Nepean….M50-59

44….Craig Mantle….Ottawa….M50-59

45….Craig McDonald….Smiths Falls….M35-39

46….Craig McHugh….Cumberland….M40-49

47….Craig McTaggart….Ottawa….M40-44

48….Craig Owen….Ottawa….M20-29

49….Craig Roberts….Ottawa….M40-49

50….Craig Rosario….Ottawa….M30-39

51….Craig Simon….Ottawa….M45-49

52….Craig Szabo….Ottawa….M45-49

53….Craig Williams….Ottawa….M20-29

54….Cristiano Rezende….Gatineau….M25-29

55….Cristina Santostefano….Ottawa….F25-29

56….Cristy Ombac-Orr….Ottawa….F45-49

57….Crystal Beaulieu….Ottawa….F20-29

58….Crystal Cayen….Renfrew….F35-39

59….Crystal Culp….Ottawa….F20-29

60….Crystal Gottfried….Ottawa….F30-39

61….Crystal Kruithof….Nepean….F20-24

62….Crystal Mitchell….Petawawa….no age

63….Crystal Ryan….Nepean….F25-29

64….Crystal Tierney….Ottawa….F19 & under

65….Csaba Tarro….Nepean….M30-39

66….Curran Bridget….Ottawa….F25-29

67….Currie David….Ottawa….M40-49

68….Curtis Anderson….Ottawa….M25-29

69….Curtis Azulay….Almonte….M40-49

70….Curtis Bergeron….Carlsbad Springs….M25-29

71….Curtis McCaffrey….Ottawa….M19 & under

72….Curtis McGrath….Ottawa….M30-34

73….Curtis Onion….Smiths Falls….M19 & under

74….Curtis West….Nepean….M30-34

75….Cyndi Kennedy….Ottawa….F45-49

76….Cynthia Cantlie….Kanata….F45-49

77….Cynthia Desnoyers….Ottawa….F30-34

78….Cynthia Elliott….Ottawa….F20-29

79….Cynthia Field-Rose….Nepean….F50-59

80….Cynthia Grant….Ottawa….F35-39

81….Cynthia Larue….Ottawa….F30-39

82….Cynthia Maceachern….Ottawa….F40-49

83….Cynthia Mykytyshyn….Ottawa….F25-29

84….Cynthia Savard….Gatineau….F20-29

85….Cynthia Sunstrum….Navan….F55-59

86….Cynthia Taylor….Orleans….F50-54

87….Cynthia Termorshuizen….Ottawa….F40-44

88….Cynthia Yetts….Nepean….F40-44

89….Cyr Lavoie….Gatineau….M60-64

90….D Michelle Watters….Orleans….F40-49

91….Dahui Xiong….Ottawa….M30-34

92….Dale Alexander….Ottawa….F25-29

93….Dale Burnett….Ottawa….M35-39

94….Dale Costello….Stittsville….M30-39

95….Dale Hamilton….Nepean….F50-59

96….Dale Joynt….Almonte….M40-49

97….Dale Larocque….Ottawa….M35-39

98….Dale Pike….Ottawa….M30-39

99….Dale Richardson….Kemptville….M50-59

100….Dalelle Mensour….Ottawa….F30-39

101….Dallas Alderson….Ottawa….F30-34

102….Damien Brochot….Ottawa….M35-39

103….Dan Arbuckle….Ottawa….M45-49

104….Dan Atwood….Nepean….M40-44

105….Dan Begin….Ottawa….M40-49

106….Dan Blackwell….Ottawa….M35-39

107….Dan Burke….Ottawa….M20-29

108….Dan Contant….Cornwall….M45-49

109….Dan Cowan….Ottawa….M30-39

110….Dan Dalby….Ottawa….M20-24

111….Dan Doucette….Ottawa….M35-39

112….Dan Dufort….Smiths Falls….M50-54

113….Dan Keaney….Lanark….M50-59

114….Dan Kelly….Kanata….M40-49

115….Dan Kirkness….Cobden….M40-44

116….Dan Lacasse….Nepean….M40-49

117….Dan Lapierre….Ottawa….M25-29

118….Dan Markel….Ottawa….M35-39

119….Dan Martin….Ottawa….M40-44

120….Dan Matthews….Orleans….M30-39

121….Dan Mayer….Gatineau….M40-49

122….Dan McGlinchey….Ottawa….M50-59

123….Dan McLaughlin….Ottawa….M35-39

124….Dan Mclean….Carleton Place….M25-29

125….Dan Merritt….Ottawa….M40-44

126….Dan Moore….Ottawa….M50-59

127….Dan Moraru….Ottawa….M40-44

128….Dan Morency….Orleans….M25-29

129….Dan Pihlainen….Ottawa….M40-49

130….Dan Potvin….Ottawa….M45-49

131….Dan Rolfe….Ottawa….M55-59

132….Dan Savage….Orleans….M40-44

133….Dan Seekings….Ottawa….M60-69

134….Dan Shea….Ottawa….M40-49

135….Dan St-Arnaud….Ottawa….M40-49

136….Dan Steeves….Ottawa….M30-39

137….Dan St-Jean….Orleans….M50-59

138….Dan Todd….Richmond….M45-49

139….Dan Van Drunen….Orleans….M30-39

140….Dan Whitman….Nepean….M30-39

141….Dan Ziniuk….Ottawa….M50-59

142….Dan Zuro….Stittsville….M40-49

143….Dana Beattie….Petawawa….F40-49

144….Dana Gaertner….Dunrobin….F30-34

145….Dana Kittle….Winchester….F20-24

146….Dana Lee….Nepean….F30-39

147….Dana Lennox….Perth….M50-54

148….Dana Meehan….Petawawa….F50-54

149….Dana Menard….Ottawa….F20-29

150….Dana Nalley….Orleans….F40-44

151….Dana Price….Ottawa….F25-29

152….Dana Stinziano….Petawawa….F20-24

153….Dana Van Gulik….Ottawa….F30-39

154….Dana Wall….Ottawa….F30-34

155….Danah Perrin….Ottawa….F20-24

156….Dani Gaucher….Ottawa….F20-29

157….Dani Grandmaitre….Gatineau….F25-29

158….Danica Seguin….Ottawa….F50-59

159….Danick Tremblay….Petawawa….M30-39

160….Daniel Albahary….Ottawa….M30-39

161….Daniel Anderson….Greely….M55-59

162….Daniel April….Ottawa….M50-54

163….Daniel Avery….Petawawa….M20-29

164….Daniel Barnes….Ottawa….M30-39

165….Daniel Bedard….Russell….M45-49

166….Daniel Brissette….Petawawa….M40-49

167….Daniel Brown….Ottawa….M20-29

168….Daniel Burke….Ottawa….M20-29

169….Daniel Campeau….Gatineau….M50-59

170….Daniel Caron….Orleans….M35-39

171….Daniel Charlebois….Ottawa….M25-29

172….Daniel Curley….Ottawa….M30-34

173….Daniel Cyr….Nepean….M50-54

174….Daniel Dagenais….Orleans….M50-54

175….Daniel Daoust….Gatineau….M50-54

176….Daniel Fahey….Hull….M25-29

177….Daniel Farris….Stittsville….M40-49

178….Daniel Found….Kemptville….M45-49

179….Daniel Gagnon….Orleans….M20-29

180….Daniel Godin….Ottawa….M25-29

181….Daniel Gosselin….Ottawa….M50-59

182….Daniel Grenier….Gatineau….M40-49

183….Daniel Guerrette….Ottawa….M50-59

184….Daniel Helmer….Brockville….M35-39

185….Daniel Huntington….Gatineau….M35-39

186….Daniel Juneau….Rockland….M50-59

187….Daniel Knezevici….Ottawa….M30-34

188….Daniel Lacasse….Nepean….M45-49

189….Daniel Lacroix….Gatineau….M40-49

190….Daniel Laganiere….Gatineau….M40-44

191….Daniel Leonard….Ottawa….M50-59

192….Daniel Lesage….Ottawa….M45-49

193….Daniel Levac….Navan….M50-54

194….Daniel Macdonald….Nepean….M30-39

195….Daniel Maillet….Orleans….M20-29

196….Daniel Mallett….Ottawa….M20-29

197….Daniel Mc Garry….Gloucester….M45-49

198….Daniel Minor….Ottawa….M30-39

199….Daniel Morency….Orleans….M20-29

200….Daniel Morgan….Ottawa….M20-29

201….Daniel Mossman….Stittsville….M30-39

202….Daniel Munro….Ottawa….M35-39

203….Daniel Murawsky….Kanata….M20-24

204….Daniel Nugent-Bowman….Ottawa….M20-29

205….Daniel Olson….Chelsea….M40-49

206….Daniel Paradis….Gatineau….M45-49

207….Daniel Pereira….Ottawa….M20-29

208….Daniel Pharand….Ottawa….M40-49

209….Daniel Pilon….Ottawa….M35-39

210….Daniel Pohl….Ottawa….M20-29

211….Daniel Reifler….Ottawa….M30-39

212….Daniel Renaud….Casselman….M45-49

213….Daniel Ricard….Chelsea….M50-54

214….Daniel Rozin….Ottawa….M19 & under

215….Daniel Ryan….Gatineau….M25-29

216….Daniel Segura….Gatineau….M40-44

217….Daniel Shipton….Ottawa….M30-34

218….Daniel Stone….Nepean….M20-24

219….Daniel St-Pierre….Hull….M20-29

220….Daniel Suh….Ottawa….M30-34

221….Daniel Thompson….Orleans….M30-39

222….Daniel Tremblay….Gatineau….M50-54

223….Daniel Vandervoort….Orleans….M50-54

224….Daniel Vincent….Ottawa….M20-29

225….Daniel Ward….Orleans….M40-49

226….Daniele Crivello….Ottawa….F40-44

227….Danielle Bouchard….Gatineau….F35-39

228….Danielle Carri Re-Paris….Casselman….F50-59

229….Danielle Clarkin….Ottawa….F30-39

230….Danielle Comeau-Macmillan….Stittsville….F40-49

231….Danielle Cote….Ottawa….F40-49

232….Danielle Dunleavy….Orleans….F50-59

233….Danielle Empey….Gananoque….F20-24

234….Danielle Halloran….Ottawa….F20-29

235….Danielle Hards….Alexandria….F50-54

236….Danielle Hoegy….Ottawa….F20-29

237….Danielle Labonte….Ottawa….F30-34

238….Danielle Poisson….Orleans….F20-29

239….Danielle Simard….Ottawa….F30-39

240….Danielle Strickland….Carp….F40-49

241….Danielle Thibeault….Gloucester….F50-59

242….Danielle Wehbi….Ottawa….F30-39

243….Danielle Williams….Ottawa….F25-29

244….Danik Paille….Gatineau….M35-39

245….Danika Goosney….Manotick….F35-39

246….Danika Lavallee….Gatineau….F30-39

247….Danny Gagne….Ottawa….M40-49

248….Danny Jeannot….Gatineau….M30-39

249….Danny Schwager….Kanata….M20-29

250….Dante Pascali….Ottawa….M35-39

251….Danuta Dmowski….Ottawa….F30-34

252….Dany Archambault….Gatineau….M40-49

253….Dany Beliveau….Ottawa….M45-49

254….Dany Fortin….Gatineau….M40-49

255….Dany Huard….Ottawa….M40-49

256….Danyal Beale….Nepean….M45-49

257….Daphne Lainson….Almonte….F30-39

258….Dara Hakimzadeh….Ottawa….M30-39

259….Darcia Bunny Kmet….Ottawa….F40-44

260….Darcie Sawilla….Ottawa….F30-39

261….Darcy Lefebvre….Ottawa….M25-29

262….Darcy Mclurg….Ottawa….F45-49

263….Darcy Middleton….Nepean….M30-39

264….Daren Koch….Russell….M40-44

265….Daria Strachan….Ottawa….F30-39

266….Daril Holmes….Russell….M40-44

267….Dariusz Dziemian….Nepean….M40-49

268….Darlene Bernard….Orleans….F40-49

269….Darlene Bess….Nepean….F40-44

270….Darlene Goodwin….Ottawa….F25-29

271….Darlene Hackett….Ottawa….F50-54

272….Darlene Joyce….Ottawa….F40-49

273….Darlene Nielsen….Stittsville….F40-49

274….Darlene Rudolph….Carp….F45-49

275….Darlene Sabourin….Ottawa….F40-49

276….Darlene Whiting….Ottawa….F40-49

277….Darlene Yee….Stittsville….F40-49

278….Darrell Bridge….Ottawa….M30-39

279….Darrell Butler….Kanata….M40-44

280….Darrell Hiller….Ottawa….M50-54

281….Darrell Williams….Ottawa….M40-49

282….Darren Boomer….Ottawa….M30-39

283….Darren Cates….Ottawa….M35-39

284….Darren Clark….Ottawa….M50-54

285….Darren MacCallum….Aylmer….M35-39

286….Darren Macpherson….Ottawa….M30-34

287….Darren Mcclellan….Ottawa….M35-39

288….Darren Mcmann….Nepean….M35-39

289….Darren Uchman….Ottawa….M30-34

290….Darren White….Gloucester….M30-39

291….Darrin Macmullin….Kemptville….M30-39

292….Darryl Bilodeau….Ottawa….M35-39

293….Darryl Cathcart….Petawawa….M40-49

294….Darryl Higgins….Kanata….M30-39

295….Darryl Hirsch….Ottawa….M40-44

296….Darryl Sitland….Nepean….M40-49

297….Darya Shapka….Gatineau….F20-29

298….Daryl Craig….Bourget….M40-44

299….Daryl Fieibg….Renfrew….M40-49

300….Daryl Hargitt….Cantley….M30-39

301….Daryl Howes….Ottawa….M30-39

302….Daryle Smith….Kanata….M30-39

303….Dastin Truscio….Ottawa….M25-29

304….Dave Abboud….Ottawa….M30-39

305….Dave Allan….Ottawa….M40-44

306….Dave Bergeron….Ottawa….M30-39

307….Dave Bossmin….Ottawa….M35-39

308….Dave Campbell….Ottawa….M40-44

309….Dave Crawford….Orleans….M50-54

310….Dave Currie….Gloucester….M40-49

311….Dave Dawson….Ottawa….M40-49

312….Dave Dowling….Gloucester….M50-59

313….Dave Eggleton….Ottawa….M50-59

314….Dave Erling….Greely….M55-59

315….Dave Farquharson….Ottawa….M25-29

316….Dave Goods….Ottawa….M60-69

317….Dave Graham….Kanata….M40-44

318….Dave Harding….Orleans….M30-39

319….Dave Hawken….Nepean….M25-29

320….Dave Johnston….Ottawa….M40-44

321….Dave Jones….Kanata….M20-29

322….Dave Kary….Ottawa….M50-59

323….Dave Kellar….North Augusta….M50-54

324….Dave Langlois….Ottawa….M50-59

325….Dave Leblanc….Pembroke….M30-39

326….Dave Lowe….Orleans….M40-49

327….Dave Macmillan….Petawawa….M40-49

328….Dave Marcotte….Ottawa….M50-59

329….Dave May….Ottawa….M30-34

330….Dave Mccabe….Kanata….M45-49

331….Dave Mclean….Stittsville….M40-49

332….Dave Morin-Pelletier….Ottawa….M30-39

333….Dave Morton….Ottawa….M50-59

334….Dave Perfetti….Orleans….M45-49

335….Dave Perron….Gatineau….M30-39

336….Dave Perry….Ottawa….M25-29

337….Dave Poff….Ottawa….M45-49

338….Dave Rose….Ottawa….M40-44

339….Dave Saville….Ottawa….M40-49

340….Dave Silvester….Ottawa….M50-59

341….Dave Simmonds….Ottawa….M30-34

342….Dave Spagnolo….Ottawa….M40-49

343….Dave Spence….Nepean….M40-49

344….Dave Springer….Kemptville….M40-49

345….Dave Summerbell….Nepean….M45-49

346….Dave Trainor….Petawawa….M30-39

347….Dave Trumpower….Orleans….M40-49

348….Dave Turcotte….Ottawa….M35-39

349….Dave Villeneuve….Ottawa….M25-29

350….Dave Yaeger….Ottawa….M55-59

351….Dave Yarker….Ottawa….M40-49

352….Dave Yarwood….Ottawa….M30-39

353….Davey Mohan….Pakenham….M40-49

354….David Aaltonen….Ottawa….M40-49

355….David Anderson….Ottawa….M50-54

356….David Austin….Ottawa….M20-29

357….David Barkley….Stittsville….M20-24

358….David Beatty….Petawawa….M50-59

359….David Beauseigle….Gatineau….M20-24

360….David Bedard….Ottawa….M25-29

361….David Bellefeuille….Kanata….M45-49

362….David Benay….Orleans….M20-29

363….David Benyon….Greely….M40-49

364….David Blais….Gatineau….M30-39

365….David Bohn….Kanata….M50-59

366….David Bower….Orleans….M20-29

367….David Brennan….Kemptville….M40-49

368….David Cameron….Orleans….M50-59

369….David Cavanagh….Brockville….M60-69

370….David Chow….Ottawa….M30-39

371….David Coker….Pembroke….M30-39

372….David Cole….Ottawa….M45-49

373….David Coombs….Kemptville….M45-49

374….David Cooper….Petawawa….M40-44

375….David Costanzo….Stittsville….M40-49

376….David Currie….Gatineau….M40-44

377….David Dawson….Ottawa….M30-34

378….David Daze….Nepean….M50-59

379….David Delaney….Ottawa….M50-59

380….David Deschamps….Ottawa….M30-34

381….David Dunkerley….Ottawa….M35-39

382….David Easton….Ottawa….M30-34

383….David Eggleton….Ottawa….M50-59

384….David Ellis….Gatineau….M30-34

385….David Evans….Kanata….M30-39

386….David Faubert….Kanata….M40-44

387….David Fobert….Ottawa….M50-59

388….David Forero….Gatineau….M25-29

389….David Furgoch….Arnprior….M50-54

390….David Gagnon….Ottawa….M20-29

391….David Georgieff….Gatineau….M30-39

392….David Gerrard….Ottawa….M40-49

393….David Giroux….Gatineau….M25-29

394….David Grebstad….Petawawa….M30-39

395….David Gregory….Ottawa….M40-49

396….David Gulas….Ottawa….M20-29

397….David Hannah….Ottawa….M30-39

398….David Harding….Greely….M50-59

399….David Harris….Ottawa….M30-34

400….David Harvie….Nepean….M55-59

401….David Hearnden….Chelsea….M40-49

402….David Hennessy….Ottawa….M20-29

403….David Henry….Ottawa….M40-49

404….David Hetherington….Chelsea….M60-64

405….David Hill….Orleans….M30-39

406….David Hinton….Ottawa….M45-49

407….David Holmes….Brockville….M40-44

408….David Hunt….Ottawa….M25-29

409….David Hutton….Kemptville….M65-69

410….David Jackson….Ottawa….M30-39

411….David Johnston….Ottawa….M70+

412….David Jordan….Ottawa….M25-29

413….David Kealey….Ottawa….M50-54

414….David Kirk….Ottawa….M60-69

415….David Korpi….Ottawa….M30-39

416….David Lafreniere….Kanata….M30-39

417….David Lai….Ottawa….M35-39

418….David Leech….Ottawa….M40-49

419….David Leeder….Orleans….M40-49

420….David Lemieux….Ottawa….M30-39

421….David Liimatainen….Ottawa….M20-29

422….David Little….Gatineau….M30-39

423….David Lyman….Ottawa….M35-39

424….David MacQuistan….Ottawa….M45-49

425….David Marr….Ottawa….M20-24

426….David McCaw….Ottawa….M50-59

427….David Mciver….Ottawa….M20-24

428….David Mcnabb….Ottawa….M40-44

429….David Merkel….Ottawa….M30-34

430….David Mersereau….Nepean….M30-39

431….David Michaud….Aylmer….M30-39

432….David Migicovsky….Ottawa….M50-54

433….David Millar….Ottawa….M40-44

434….David Milligan….Ottawa….M40-49

435….David Molson….Ottawa….M25-29

436….David Muldoon….Kanata….M30-39

437….David Murray….Ottawa….M45-49

438….David Musseau….Ottawa….M35-39

439….David Nash….Ottawa….M40-44

440….David Norris….Ottawa….M30-34

441….David Ogden….Kanata….M40-49

442….David Orchard….Ottawa….M40-44

443….David Pamic….Kanata….M40-49

444….David Pedley….Stittsville….M60-69

445….David Perry….Ottawa….M30-39

446….David Pontello….Ottawa….M30-34

447….David Quick….Ottawa….M30-39

448….David Rain….Ottawa….M55-59

449….David Rampton….Ottawa….M60-69

450….David Reid….Nepean….M60-69

451….David Roberts….Gatineau….M40-49

452….David Robinson….Carp….M50-59

453….David Roddick….Ottawa….M55-59

454….David Rozotto….Ottawa….M40-44

455….David Ryan….Embrun….M30-39

456….David Saville….Ottawa….M40-49

457….David Sewell….Gatineau….M20-29

458….David Shantz….Ottawa….M40-49

459….David Shipley….Ottawa….M50-54

460….David Shiposh….Dunrobin….M35-39

461….David Sim….Kanata….M50-54

462….David Sinclair….Gloucester….M40-49

463….David Sproule….Ottawa….M50-59

464….David Steeves….Ottawa….M40-44

465….David Stevens….Rideau Ferry….M55-59

466….David Stewart….Ottawa….M35-39

467….David Summerbell….Nepean….M40-49

468….David Sutcliffe….Ottawa….M20-24

469….David Tessier….Kemptville….M30-39

470….David Thomson….Ottawa….M20-29

471….David Tinsley….Gloucester….M50-54

472….David Tischhauser….Ottawa….M40-49

473….David Tobin….Ottawa….M55-59

474….David Tuck….Ottawa….M40-44

475….David Tweedie….Stittsville….M35-39

476….David Unrau….Pembroke….M40-44

477….David Vessey….Ottawa….M20-29

478….David Walker….Carp….M45-49

479….David Whittaker….Ottawa….M35-39

480….David Williams….Stittsville….M40-49

481….David Wilson….Petawawa….M20-29

482….David Young….Orleans….M60-69

483….Davina Gordon….Ottawa….F20-29

484….Davina Walker-Priebe….Ottawa….F30-39

485….Dawn Boudreau….Ottawa….F40-49

486….Dawn Edgley….Brockville….F40-44

487….Dawn Erickson….Winchester….F40-49

488….Dawn Fallis….Ottawa….F35-39

489….Dawn Gallant….Ottawa….F35-39

490….Dawn Juneau….Orleans….F40-49

491….Dawn Kennedy….Maitland….F40-49

492….Dawn Lyons….Ottawa….M40-44

493….Dawn Montgomery….Ottawa….F40-49

494….Dawn More….Ottawa….F50-59

495….Dawn Mullin….Russell….F30-39

496….Dawn Murray….Kemptville….F45-49

497….Dawn Pottier-Roy….Douglas….F35-39

498….Dawn Rose….Ottawa….F25-29

499….Dawn Styan….Ottawa….F40-49

500….Dayle Mulligan….Carp….F40-49

501….Dayna Johnston….Ottawa….F35-39

502….Dayna Justin….Ottawa….F30-34

503….Dean Durnford….Orleans….M50-59

504….Dean Justus….Ottawa….M40-44

505….Dean Menard….Cumberland….M40-44

506….Dean Nixon….Ottawa….M45-49

507….Dean Prigent….Nepean….M30-39

508….Dean Scrofano….Nepean….M60-64

509….Dean Usher….Manotick….M40-44

510….Deanna Murray….Ottawa….F50-59

511….Deanna Young….Gatineau….F25-29

512….Deanne Daley….Ottawa….F40-49

513….Deanne Skukowski….Ottawa….F30-34

514….Deb Cowan….Carleton Place….F45-49

515….Deb Hogan….Ottawa….F45-49

516….Deb Mcgeachy….Stittsville….F40-44

517….Deb Quayle….Ottawa….F40-49

518….Debbie Bloom….Ottawa….F40-49

519….Debbie Brayton….Brockville….F35-39

520….Debbie Brown….Stittsville….F45-49

521….Debbie Carrick….Ottawa….F30-34

522….Debbie Elie….Plantagenet….F30-39

523….Debbie Flemming….Petawawa….F45-49

524….Debbie Harris-Tobin….Ottawa….F55-59

525….Debbie Holmes….Kemtpville….F40-44

526….Debbie Joanisse….Gatineau….F55-59

527….Debbie Johnston….Chelsea….F40-49

528….Debbie Keaney….Lanark….F50-59

529….Debbie Ling….Ottawa….F30-39

530….Debbie Mcleod….Greely….F40-49

531….Debbie Olive….Kanata….F50-59

532….Debbie Papousek….Renfrew….F50-54

533….Debbie Seltitz….Stittsville….F30-39

534….Debbie Turcotte….Kinburn….F40-49

535….Debbie Van Norman….Nepean….F40-49

536….Debby Duford….Ottawa….F50-59

537….Debby Simms….Ottawa….F40-49

538….Debi Maniloff….Stittsville….F40-49

539….Deborah Baldwin….Orleans….F50-54

540….Deborah Chamney….Ottawa….F50-59

541….Deborah Cohen….Ottawa….F35-39

542….Deborah Dalton Kischel….Dunrobin….F50-54

543….Deborah Dickson….Kemptville….F50-59

544….Deborah Fiebig….Renfrew….F50-59

545….Deborah Furniss….Cornwall….F40-44

546….Deborah Murphy….Ottawa….F45-49

547….Deborah Newhook….Ottawa….F50-59

548….Deborah Potter….Ottawa….F50-59

549….Deborah Taymun….Ottawa….F40-49

550….Deborah Turcotte….Kinburn….F40-49

551….Debra Denault….Ottawa….F45-49

552….Debra Ferderber….Gatineau….F50-59

553….Debra Gassewitz….Dunrobin….F40-49

554….Debra Hughes….North Gower….F50-59

555….Debra Kennette….Crysler….F40-44

556….Debra Marr….Iroquois….F40-49

557….Debra Mcnamara….Greeley….F50-54

558….Debra Pilling….Orleans….F30-34

559….Deby Knowlton….Kanata….F30-34

560….Dee Sullivan….Ottawa….F50-59

561….Deena Desson….Richmond….F50-59

562….Deidra Dionne….Ottawa….F20-29

563….Deidra Smith….Ottawa….F25-29

564….Deidre Barnabe….Ottawa….F40-44

565….Deidre Kelly….Ottawa….F20-29

566….Deirdre Luesby….Kanata….F50-54

567….Deirdre Stone….Stittsville….F50-59

568….Delaina Sherman….Ottawa….F25-29

569….Delanie Fontaine….Ottawa….F30-39

570….Della Cassibo….Stittsville….F30-39

571….Delphine Moser….Ottawa….F30-39

572….Demi Kotsovos….Ottawa….F50-59

573….Denis Beaudoin….Embrun….M30-39

574….Denis Bedard….Ottawa….M50-54

575….Denis Benoit….Limoges….M40-49

576….Denis Binette….Ottawa….M35-39

577….Denis Boucher….Stittsville….M40-44

578….Denis Champagne….Ottawa….M40-44

579….Denis Charette….Cumberland….M45-49

580….Denis Fugere….Gatineau….M45-49

581….Denis Guindon….Orleans….M55-59

582….Denis Hogan….Orleans….M40-49

583….Denis Jette….Rockland….M30-39

584….Denis Ladouceur….Gatineau….M40-49

585….Denis Laflamme….Gatineau….M30-39

586….Denis Niles….Ottawa….M40-49

587….Denis Tasse….Petawawa….M20-29

588….Denis Theriault….Gatineau….M40-44

589….Denis Therrien….Nepean….M40-49

590….Denis Thompson….Ottawa….M45-49

591….Denis Vallieres….Gatineau….M50-54

592….Denis Villeneuve….Gatineau….M50-54

593….Denisa Chesoi….Gatineau….F45-49

594….Denise Anthony….North Augusta….F50-54

595….Denise Burnett….Arnprior….F40-44

596….Denise Deschenes….Ottawa….F20-29

597….Denise Gillam-Gledhill….Ottawa….F40-49

598….Denise Hudson….Osgoode….F50-59

599….Denise Kelly….Ottawa….F25-29

600….Denise Levesque….Cumberland….F45-49

601….Denise Morin….Stittsville….F40-49

602….Denise Pilon….Ottawa….F50-54

603….Denise Plaa….Ottawa….F40-49

604….Denise Roy….Fournier….F50-59

605….Denise Senecal….Ottawa….F60-69

606….Denise St. Jean….Ottawa….F30-34

607….Denise Thibault….Ottawa….F40-49

608….Denise Veinotte….Chelsea….F30-39

609….Denise Villeneuve….Ottawa….F30-39

610….Denise Walter….Ottawa….F50-54

611….Denise Wong….Ottawa….F30-34

612….Dennene Huntley….Petawawa….F30-39

613….Dennene Huntley….Petawawa….F30-39

614….Dennis Audette….Gatineau….M50-54

615….Dennis Blinn….Manotick….M35-39

616….Dennis Bulman….Ottawa….M50-59

617….Dennis Dumoulin….Gatineau….M60-69

618….Dennis Koluk….Smiths Falls….M45-49

619….Dennis Langlois….Casselman….M40-49

620….Dennis Lloyd….Orleans….M40-49

621….Dennis Smith….Ottawa….M30-39

622….Dennis Waite….Ottawa….M50-59

623….Denys Bousquet….Gatineau….M40-44

624….Derek Andersen….Kanata….M30-39

625….Derek Cheff….L'Ange Gardien….M40-49

626….Derek Church….Petawawa….M20-29

627….Derek De Vlieger….Ottawa….M30-34

628….Derek Dobson….Ottawa….M40-44

629….Derek Fildebrandt….Ottawa….M20-29

630….Derek Gledhill….Ottawa….M40-49

631….Derek Hille….Ottawa….M20-29

632….Derek Holmstead….Kanata….M30-39

633….Derek Johnston….Orleans….M45-49

634….Derek Lanouette….Ottawa….M30-39

635….Derek Love….Ottawa….M20-24

636….Derek Mcmaster….Ottawa….M30-39

637….Derek Parent….Orleans….M30-34

638….Derek Schroeder….Ottawa….M20-29

639….Derek Smith….Ottawa….M30-39

640….Derek Spriet….Ottawa….M30-39

641….Derrick Byrd….Ottawa….M25-29

642….Derrick Hopkins….Oxford Mills….M20-29

643….Derrick Ward….Ottawa….M40-49

644….Des Keon….Ottawa….M70+

645….Desirae Heine….Athens….F20-24

646….Desirea Black….Ottawa….F30-34

647….Desmond Gosse….Ottawa….M40-49

648….Des-Neiges Marquis….Gatineau….F45-49

649….Devashish Paul….Ottawa….M45-49

650….Devin Dreeshen….Ottawa….M20-29

651….Devin Harrington….Ottawa….M20-29

652….Devin Sheahan….Ottawa….M20-24

653….Devon Cass….Rockland….M35-39

654….Devon Forde….Ottawa….F20-29

655….Devon Kampman….Ottawa….M30-34

656….Dhanya Thakkar….Kanata….M30-39

657….Diana Ash….Gatineau….F25-29

658….Diana Harrison….Ottawa….F50-54

659….Diana King….Carleton Place….F55-59

660….Diana Laing….Almonte….F40-49

661….Diana Lee Deschamps….Prescott….F40-49

662….Diana Mackay….Orleans….F40-44

663….Diana Mactier….Orleans….F50-59

664….Diana Mitoff….Ottawa….F30-34

665….Diana Norton….Ottawa….F20-29

666….Diana Schembri….Ottawa….F20-24

667….Diana Seidl….Ottawa….F45-49

668….Diana Stewart….Nepean….F40-44

669….Diana Tallman….Kemptville….F40-44

670….Diana Wilkinson….Stittsville….F40-49

671….Diane Biage….Gatineau….F60-69

672….Diane Boisvert….Ottawa….F40-49

673….Diane Boyle….Kanata….F50-59

674….Diane Cholette….Gatineau….F40-44

675….Diane Cote….Gatineau….F50-54

676….Diane Coupal….Metcalfe….F40-49

677….Diane Drouin….Cantley….F45-49

678….Diane Dupuis….Ottawa….F55-59

679….Diane Edwards….Dalkeith….F40-49

680….Diane Ferguson….Nepean….F45-49

681….Diane Gauthier….Orleans….F50-54

682….Diane Graham-Lynn….Westport….F55-59

683….Diane Hebert….Carp….F50-54

684….Diane Lafrance….Gatineau….F45-49

685….Diane Levesque….Orleans….F50-59

686….Diane Massie….Gatineau….F30-39

687….Diane Mensah….Nepean….F30-39

688….Diane Ouellette….Gatineau….F50-59

689….Diane Pascoli….Ottawa….F35-39

690….Diane Quane….Ottawa….F55-59

691….Diane Seguin….Plantagenet….F55-59

692….Diane Simard….Nepean….F40-49

693….Diane St-Laurent….Ottawa….F20-29

694….Diane Wilson….Ottawa….F30-39

695….Diane Wowk….Perth Road….F35-39

696….Dianna Mohid….Gatineau….F20-24

697….Dianne Clarke….Ottawa….F55-59

698….Dianne Derusha….Kanata….F60-64

699….Dianne Dillon-Samson….Brockville….F40-49

700….Dianne Galus….Ottawa….F40-44

701….Dianne Johnston….Cobden….F40-49

702….Dianne Lamoureux….St Albert….F50-54

703….Dianne Panarella….Ottawa….F40-49

704….Dick Gunstone….Ottawa….M40-49

705….Dillon Vahey….Ottawa….M20-29

706….Dion Edmonds….Nepean….M35-39

707….Dionne Wilson….Nepean….F30-34

708….Dipa Patel….Ottawa….F40-44

709….Dj Butcher….Ottawa….M30-39

710….Dj Roy….Ottawa….M40-49

711….Djordje Zutkovic….Ottawa….M20-29

712….Dodie Elkins….Gananoque….F35-39

713….Dodie Payne….Chelsea….F30-39

714….Dominic Blais….Ottawa….M35-39

715….Dominic Chenard….Pembroke….M40-49

716….Dominic Coballe….Ottawa….M35-39

717….Dominic Irvin….Chalk River….M30-39

718….Dominic Lessard….Orleans….M30-39

719….Dominic Levesque….Gatineau….M30-34

720….Dominic Maggiolo….Ottawa….M25-29

721….Dominic Morin….Gatineau….M30-39

722….Dominic Parisien….Vars….M40-49

723….Dominik Rymsza….Ottawa….M20-24

724….Dominique Au-Yeung….Ottawa….M50-59

725….Dominique Babin….Gatineau….F35-39

726….Dominique Bedard….Orleans….F40-49

727….Dominique Bernier….Gatineau….M35-39

728….Dominique Blain….Chelsea….F50-54

729….Dominique Chiasson….Ottawa….M20-24

730….Dominique Cornut….Gatineau….F20-29

731….Dominique Dagenais….Gatineau….M20-24

732….Dominique Desroches….Ottawa….F35-39

733….Dominique Grenier….Ottawa….F40-44

734….Dominique Keuthen….Ottawa….F40-49

735….Dominique Periard….Gatineau….F35-39

736….Dominique Phaneuf….Russell….M40-44

737….Dominique Trudeau….Ottawa….F30-34

738….Dominique Verdurmen….Ottawa….F19 & under

739….Don Adams….Ottawa….M75-79

740….Don Andersen….Ottawa….M45-49

741….Don Cooper….Ottawa….M40-49

742….Don Day….Gloucester….M60-69

743….Don Fletcher….Stittsville….M50-59

744….Don Hamilton….Ottawa….M45-49

745….Don Harrison….Ottawa….M50-59

746….Don Lavictoire….Orleans….M50-59

747….Don Lewis….Spencerville….M40-44

748….Don Lonie….Kanata….M40-49

749….Don Mackenzie….Perth….M50-54

750….Don Moors….Ottawa….M40-44

751….Don Orr….Ottawa….M70-74

752….Don Plenderleith….Ottawa….M50-59

753….Don Roy….Douglas….M50-54

754….Don Whiting….Kanata….M30-39

755….Dona Hill….Ottawa….F50-59

756….Dona Pino….Ottawa….F40-49

757….Donald Allan….Ottawa….M45-49

758….Donald Bastin….Carp….M19 & under

759….Donald Belisle….Orleans….M35-39

760….Donald Bertrand….Orleans….M40-49

761….Donald Darrell….Ottawa….M50-59

762….Donald Desbiens….Gatineau….M20-29

763….Donald Henry….Ottawa….M50-59

764….Donald McFarling….Ottawa….M40-49

765….Donald Menard….Alexandria….M50-54

766….Donald Rousseau….Gatineau….M40-49

767….Donald Taylor….Ottawa….M35-39

768….Donald Tupper….Ottawa….M40-49

769….Donald Waldock….Ottawa….M40-49

770….Donelda Pleau….Constance Bay….F30-39

771….Donna Atkinson….Kanata….F60-69

772….Donna Baker….Nepean….F40-44

773….Donna Bekkers-Boyd….Manotick….F50-54

774….Donna Biggs….Pembroke….F40-49

775….Donna Bradey….Stittsville….F45-49

Photo Credit: www.asiorders.com/

Eng 180 by William Kennedy

Waxhaw NC Fire Department's Engine 180.

This image is taken from United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 15, Nos. 1-4, 1921 by Medical Heritage Library, Inc.

Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive

Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 15, Nos. 1-4, 1921

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1921

Language: eng

Table of Contents

Number 1

PORTRAIT OF SURGEON GENERAL E. R. STITT, U. S. NAVY —Frontispiece

PREFACE vii

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vii

THE NAVAL HOSPITAL, MARE ISLAND, CALIF. :

HISTORY OF THE HOSPITAL.

By Captain A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, U. S. N 1

Operating room technique.

By Lieutenant Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, and Bessie C.

Graham, Nurse Corps, U. S. N 10

The urological service.

By Lieutenant Commander A. B. Hepler, Medical Corps, U. S. N__ 16

The roentgenological service.

By Lieutenant H. R. Coleman, Medical Corps, U. S. N 30

The laboratory.

By Lieutenant G. A. Gray, Medical Corps. U. S. N 34

Features of organization.

By Commander E. C. White, Medical Corps, U. S. N 40

General file and record system.

By Lieutenant D. C. Allen, Medical Corps, U. S. N 4T

Suggested clinical chart.

By Lieutenant Commander M. C. Baker, Medical Corps, U. S. N 49

The theater.

By Chief Pharmacist T. C. Hart, Medical Corps, U. S. N 50

Study of one hundred navy desertions.

By Lieutenant A H. Ehrenclou. Medical Corps, U. S. N., and

Lieutenant W. H. Wilson, Chaplain Corps, U. S. N. R. F 53

Surgical failures.

By Lieutenant Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps,

U. S. N 69

Circumcision.

By Lieutenant Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 77

A glue cast for fractures of long bones.

By Lieutenant H. R. Coleman, Medical Corps, U. S. N . 79

Tuberculin in the early diagnosis of tuberculosis.

By Lieutenant G. A. Gray, Medical Corps, U. S. N 81

Diphtheria at Mare Island, Calif., in 1920.

By Lieutenant G. A. Gray, Medical Corps, U. S. N 84

Agglutination of human erythrocytes by sera.

By Lieutenant G. A. Gray, Medical Corps, U. S. N., and Pharmacist's

Mate E. C. Upp, U. S. N 8G

A method of ringing the hanging drop, etc.

By Hospital Apprentice First Class D. G. Willard, U. S. N 92

Preparation of colloidal gold solution.

By Marie Karlen. Reserve Nurse Corps, and Pharmacist's Mate First Class

A. E. Bourke, U. S. N 94

Report of seventy-five refraction cases.

By Lieutenant W. D. Horner, Medical Corps, U. S. N 95

Empyema cases.

By Lieutenant E. R. Guinan, Medical Corps, U. S. N 99

Acute mastoiditis. Page.

By Lieutenant C. N. Meador, Medical Corps, U. S. N 106

Dental foci in the etiology of systemic disease.

By Lieutenant A. H. Ehrenclou, Medical Corps, and Lieutenant

B. F. Loveall, Dental Corps, U. S. N 109

Transfusion in medical cases.

By Lieutenant D. H. Murray, Medical Corps, TJ. S. N 117

A DENTAL BRANCH OF THE HOSPITAL COBPS.

By Lieutenant B. F. Loveall, Dental Corps, U. S. N 118

A CASE OF TUBERCULOUS PEBICABDITI8.

By Lieutenant A. H. Ehrenclou, Medical Corps, U. S. N 120

A CASE OF ACUTE ANILINE POISONING.

By Lieutenant A. H. Ehrenclou, Medical Corps, U. S. N 123

A CASE OF TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS.

By Lieutenant J. J. Sale, Medical Corps, U. S. N 126

A CASE OF NEUROPARALYTIC KERATITIS.

By Lieutenant C. N. Meador, Medical Corps, U. S. N 127

Vernal conjunctivitis treated with radium.

By Lieutenant W. D. Horner, Medical Corps, U. S. N 1 128

A case of acute myelitis.

By Lieutenant L. E. Smith, Medical Corps, U. S. N 130

A case of osteoma of the tibia.

By Lieutenant F. G. Linde, Medical Corps, U. S. N 131

A DISLOCATED SEMILUNAR CARTHAGE.

By Lieutenant F. G. Linde, Medical Corps, U. S. N 132

A CASE OF COMPOUND FRACTURE OF TIBIA AND FIBULA.

By Lieutenant F. G. Linde, Medical Corps, U. S. N 132

A DEATH FROM NITRIC ACID POISONING.

By Lieutenant G. A. Gray, Medical Corps, U.S. N 133

NECROSIS OF THE MANDIBLE ; TWO CASES.

By Lieutenant B. F. Loveall, Dental Corps, U. S. N 134

HISTORICAL.

Alexis Soyer.

By Captain J. S. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N 139

EDITORIAL.

Morale 175

SPECIAL ARTICLES.

Venereal statistics of the Army and Navy: A study of certain published

reports.

By Captain C. E. RIggs. Medical Corps, U. S. N 179

Report of one hundred compound fractures due to shell fragments or

machine-gun bullets.

By Lieutenant Commander A. L. Clifton, Medical Corps, U. S. N__ 191

A Death From Novarsenobenzol.

By Lieutenant Commander R. A. Torrance, Medical Corps, U. S. N 193

Mercurochrome —220, in dentistry.

By Lieutenant Commander W. L. Darnall, Dental Corps, U. S. N_ 194

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES.

General medicine. —Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

—The clinical recognition of syphilis. —Mercury bichloride Intravenously. —

Transduodenal lavage. — Immunization against diphtheria. —Buccal auscultation

197

Mental and nervous diseases. — Malingering. —Extending the field of

conscious control. —The patient himself. —Anxiety and fear 210

Surgery. —Blood transfusion. —Dangers of transfusion. —Mixture of ethyl

chloride, chloroform, and ether for anesthesia. — Skin grafting.—Autoplasties

for baldness. —Bladder tumors 217

Hygiene and sanitation. —Hospital tires.—Coffee and vitamines 223

Tropical medicine. —Sterilization of ova in bilharziasis.—Antimony in the

treatment of bilharziasis 226

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Cause and diagnosis of glaucoma ; treatment

by myotics.— Corneal disease of tubercular origin. —Action of chloral on the

pupil 227

NOTES AND COMMENTS.

Enlistments. —Professional training of experienced officers.—The case of

the U. S. S. Pittsburgh. —Prostatic lithiasis.—Cessation of respiration 15

hours before death. —Chloropierin to exterminate rats. —The Annual Report of

the Surgeon General, U. S. Navy. —Finding malarial parasites.— Icterus in

malaria.—Excretion of quinine.— Student health at the University of

Iowa.—Conference on war victims. —Pleasure and profit in the Medical Corps of

the Navy. —Law regarding thermometers. —Adhesive plaster. —The essential in

nursing. —Laxative cookies.—Samoa. —The Navy Mutual Aid Association 236

BOOK NOTICES 251

Number 2

PREFACE VII

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS VIII

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

Treatment of influenza.

By Commander J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 269

Intravenous use of magnesium sulphate in influenzal pneumonia.

By Lieutenant J. J. Hogan, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R.F. 277

Accidental injuries from electric currents.

By Commander W. J. Zalesky and Lieutenant W. T. Brown, Medical Corps,

U. S. N 279

Methods of sterilization in dentistry.

By Lieutenant Commander H. E. Harvey, Dental Corps, U. S. N. 282

Peptic ulcer.

By Lieutenant C. S. Norburn, Medical Corps, U. S. N 285

SURVEY OF FIFTY COURT-MARTIAL PRISONERS.

By Lieutenant C. H. Castle, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R.F 291

Hospital training of apprentices.

By Lieutenant A. H. Ehrenclou, Medical Corps, U. S. N 296

Methods of instructing hospital corpsmen.

By Lieutenant Commander W. M. Kerr. Medical Corps, U. S.N 302

Standardizing treatment for venereal disease.

By Lieutenant Commander W. D. Owens, Medical Corps, U. S. N 308

Plan of organization for a naval hospital.

By Captain R. P. Crandall and Commander W. A. Angwin, Medical Corps, U.

S. N 316

HISTORICAL:

SURGERY IN THE MIDDLE AGES.

By Captain J. S. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S.N 347

EDITORIAL:

Calling a spade an implement of horticultural utility 377

"To bide the hobbyhorse with the boys " 378

SIGGESTED DEVICES:

RETINOSCOPIC LENS HOLDER.

By Captain J. S. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N 383

Strong room for alcohol and narcotics.

By Captain A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, U. S. N 385

Detection of mosquito larvae.

By Lieutenant Commander J. C. Parham, Medical Corps, U. S. N 380

CLINICAL NOTES:

Tuberculous meningitis simulating lethargic encephalitis.

By Lieutenant Commander W. A. Bloedorn, Medical Corps, U. S. N 387

Advancement of ocular muscles by the Fox technique.

By Lieutenant Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps. U.S. N 392

Surgical treatment of "saddle nose" deformity.

By Lieutenant Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps. U. S. N 397

A HAND PLASTIC.

By Lieutenant Commander Lucius W. Johnson. Medical Corps, U. S. N 399

Dislocation of first cervical vertebra.

By Captain G. T. Smith, Medical Corps, U. S. N 400

Death from neo-arsphenamine.

By Commander W. .T. Za leaky and Lieutenant J. B. Bellinger, Medical Corps,

U. S. N 401

Thrombosis of the lateral sinus.

By Lieutenant Commander E. E. Koebbe, Medical Corps, U. S. N_ 403

Orchitis complicating tonsillitis.

By Lieutenants J. D. Benjamin and T. C. Quirk, Medical Corps, U. S. N 408

Operations for trauma of the urethra.

By Lieutenant W. L. Cowles, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. P 407

Sea sickness.

By Commander C. E. Henry. Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 410

Treatment of the " West Indian chancroid."

By Lieutenant Commander W. H. Michael, Medical Corps, U. S. N 412

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General medicine. —The arsphenaniines in therapeutics. —Recital absorption

of glucose 415

Mental and nervous diseases. —lethargic encephalitis. —Theory of hysteria.

—Mental deficiency 420

Surgery. —Resuscitation in death under anesthesia. —Advances in anesthesia.

— Sloughing in local anesthesia. —Anesthesia in abdominal surgery. —

Suppurating wounds after abdominal section. —Saving suppurating Incisions.

—Abdominal adhesions. —Perforating gastric and duodenal ulcer. — Persistence of

pyloric and duodenal ulcers. — Diverticula of the duodenum.— Orthopedic

treatment of burns. —Postoperative bronchial irritation. —Care of surgical patients.

—End-to-end anastomosis. —Genital tuberculosis.— Radium therapy of cancer of

bladder. — Radium and malignant genitourinary disease.—Bone tumors. —Fracture

of vertebrae. —Penetrating wounds of chest. —Operation for empyema.—Plastic war

surgery in civil life. —The war's contribution to civil surgery 429

Hygiene and sanitation. —Typhus fever in Serbia 455

Pathology, bactkriology, and animal parasitology. —Diagnosis of cholera.

—Staining malarial parasites. —Saprophytysm of venereal organisms. — Variation

in size of red cells. —Anophellnes of California. —Reaction from echinococcus fluid

457

Eye, ear, nose, and throat.— Encephalitis lethargica 487

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

Bronchospirochaetosis. — Starvation edema. —Dried cabbage as an antiscorbutic.

—Miner's nystagmus. —Endocrines and the teeth. — Orientation of bats. — Sugar

production.- -The teeth of the ancient Egyptians. —Treatment of enlarged

thymus. —Plague in Paris.— Antivenereal campaign in Rouen.— Medical school of

the University of Virginia. —Postgraduate study In the Japanese Navy. — National

Academy of Science.—Peking Unjon Medical College. — The dye Industry. — Naval

medical service as a career. —Naval dispensary and hospital defined.— Death of

Anton Weichselbaum. — Action of the Women's Civic League, Maiden, Mass. — Dr.

Russel H. Boggs. — Preservation of leather. —Service publications. —Picric acid

469

REPORTS :

Sewage system in Charlotte Amalia.

By Lieutenant R. L. Pettigrew, Civil Engineer Corps, U. S. N. and

Lieutenant E. Peterson. Medical Corps, U. S. N 481

Application of the Schick reaction to 2,011 naval recruits.

By Lieutenant B. F. Norwood. Medical Corps, U. S. N 486

Smallpox in Haiti.

By Lieutenant Commander K. C. Melborn, Medical Corps, U. S. N 492

Sanitary report on Libau, Latvia.

By Lieutenant Commander A. C. Smith and Lieutenant R. P. Parsons,

Medical Corps, U. S. N 492

Summer school, Hampton Roads, Va.

By Lieutenant Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, U. S. N 495

INFORMATION WANTED 498

BOOK NOTICES 499

Number 3

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS VI

CLINICAL NOTES : Surgical service of the United States Naval Hospital,

New Orleans, La.

By Lieutenant Commander W. J. Riddick and Lieutenant Commander E. A.

Stephens, Medical Corps, U. S.N. 507

A CASE OF HYSTERIA IN THE NAVAL SERVICE.

By Lieutenant Commander W. A. Bloedorn, Medical Corps, U. S. N. 515

A CASE OF HYSTERICAL CONTRACTURE.

By Lieutenant A. H. Ehrenclou, Medical Corps, U. S. N 521

X-RAY PROCEDURE AND TECHNIQUE.

By Lieutenant Commander I. E. Jacobs, Medical Corps, and Chief

Pharmacist's Mate C. B. Worster, U. S. N 524

Interpretation of abdominal rigidity.

By Lieutenant Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 529

A CASE OF ECHINOCOCCUS CYST.

By Lieutenant C. S. Norburn, Medical Corps, U. S. N 530

NONCORRODIBLE INSTRUMENTS.

By Lieutenant Commander G. C. Thomas, Medical Corps, U. S. N 532

Aseptic technique for canal instruments.

By Lieutenant Commander H. E. Harvey, Dental Corps, U. S. N 533

Traumata due to falling.

By Lieutenant Commander H. H. Lane, Medical Corps, U. S. N 535

Administration of neosalvarsan.

By Lieutenant J. B. Bostick, Medical Corps, U. S. N 536

Diet deficiency in Vincent's angina.

By Lieutenant C. H. Morris, Dental Corps, U. S. N 540

Vincent's infection of the -mouth.

By Lieutenant (j. g.) J. B. Goodall, Dental Corps, U. S. N. R. F 542

Penetrating wound of the pelvis.

By Lieutenant F. P. Gardner, Medical Corps, U. S. N 544

Traumatic rupture of spleen —removal.

By Lieutenant Commander F. H. Bowman, Medical Corps, U.S. N., and

Lieutenant Commander E. M. Foote, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 545

Operation for wrist drop.

By Lieutenant J. I. Yohannan, Medical Corps, U. S. N 547

A PLASTIC OPERATION ON THE MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER.

By Lieutenant R. W. Auerbach, Medical Corps, U. S. N 54S

A SIMPLE OPERATION FOR TRICHIASIS.

By Lieutenant H. S. Cragin, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 551

A CASE OF ADENO-CARCINOMA.

By Lieutenant Commander M. Boland, Medical Corps, U. S. N— 552

Chancroidal infections.

By Lieutenant W. F. Pearce, Medical Corps, U. S. N 554

A CA8E OF INNOCENT SYPHILIS.

By Lieutenant J. W. Jones, Medical Corps, U. S. N 556

A CASE OF CARCINOMA OF THE TESTICLE.

By Lieutenant W. J. Corcoran, Medical Corps, U. S. N 557

Removal of an unusually large tumor.

By Commander E. L. Jones, Medical Corps, U. S. N 558

HISTORICAL:

A RETROSPECT OF NAVAL AND MILITARY MEDICINE.

By Captain J. S. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N 561

EDITORIAL :

Accidental poisoning — Contributing to the Bulletin —The omission of

the—The future of nursing — Comparative values 627

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES :

General medicine — Mechanism of hiccough — Gases In arterial blood—Treatment

of arsenic poisoning —Treatment of encephalitis letharglca —New test for

nephritis—Blood in pellagra and beri beri —Ocular symptoms in sinus

disease—Reaction from repeated transfusions —Eye symptoms in epidemic

encephalitis —Diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhoids —Cost of venereal

disease—Future of medicine in the United States 637

Mental and nervous diseases —The criminal—Brain lesions of dementia

praecox —Follow-up studies on mental patients 652

Surgery—Trauma of the abdomen— Rubber dam tampon —Diagnosis of gastric

or duodenal ulcers —Postoperative thrombophlebitis — Treatment of fractured

patella —Affections of the tibial tubercle— 655

Hygiene and Sanitation —Sanitary features of merchant ships 659

NOTES AND COMMENTS :

Errata —Centenary of von Helmholtz —Retirement of Filippo Rho, Surgeon

General, Italian Navy—A diagnostic point in tuberculosis —Curing hemorrhoids

—The X-ray and art— Industrial code of New

York —Preservation of eyesight —Basal metabolism —American Society of Tropical

Medicine —Laboratory work in the Far East— Dentistry in South America

—Fireprooflng of fabrics—The exploration of Mount Everest — Physical

development in Japan — Hiccough and encephalitis lethargica —Use of fish as

food in France — Service items 665

REPORTS :

Rat-Proofing at the United States Navy Yard, Key West, Fla.

By Lieutenant Commander P. E. Garrison, Medical Corps, U. S. N 673

Report of the Fifth Congress of the International Society of Surgery,

Paris.

By Lieutenant S. B. Burk, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F. (Inactive) 681

Smallpox in Port Au Prince, Haiti.

By Lieutenant C. J. Brown, Medical Corps, U. S. N 695

Medical Department of the United States Naval Torpedo Station,

Alexandria, Va.

By Lieutenant Commander C. C. Kress, Medical Corps, U. S. N 701

The Herman-Perutz Reaction.

By Lieutenant G. V. Genzmer, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 708

BOOK NOTICES 711

Number 4

PREFACE V

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS VI

SPECIAL ARTICLES :

Color blindness.

By Captain E. J. Grow, Medical Corps, U. S. N 717

Cardiac irregularity.

By Commander E. U. Reed, Medical Corps, U. S. N 732

Handling of recruits, Marine Barracks, Parris Island.

By Lieutenant Commander J. C. Parham, Medical Corps, U. S. N 740

Four centuries in the treatment of syphilis.

By Lieutenant L. W. Shaffer, Medical Corps, U. S. N 749

A Marine Corps field hospital.

By Lieutenant Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, U. S. N 762

Training and care of the football squad, U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis,

Md.

By Lieutenant M. H. Roberts, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 770

Gas poisoning in warfare.

By Lieutenant G. H. Mankin, Medical Corps, U. S. N 775

Venereal prophylaxis among U. S. Marines at Honolulu.

By Lieutenant Commander H. H. Lane, Medical Corps, U. S. N_. 783

HISTORICAL :

The Manila Galleon.

By Lieutenant Commander W. M. Kerr, Medical Corps, U. S. N. 787

EDITORIAL :

On learning to write-—On several phases of syphilis 801

SUGGESTED DEVICES :

Dental X-ray film holder.

By Lieutenant Commander H. E. Harvey, Dental Corps. U. S. N_- 807

Suggestion for recording dental conditions.

By Lieutenant Commander H. E. Harvey, Dental Corps, U. S. N-- 807

CLINICAL NOTES :

A CASE OF CUTANEOUS SPOROTRICHOSIS.

By Commander R. E. Hoyt, Medical Corps, U. S. N 809

Report of pellagra in Haiti.

By Lieutenant Commander G. F. Clark, Medical Corps, U. S. N__ 813

Acute rheumatic fever.

By Lieutenant W. M. Alberty, Medical Corps, U. S. N 814

A case of poisoning by oil of chenopodium.

By Lieutenant B. F. Norwood, Medical Corps, U. S. N 818

Brushing the teeth.

By Lieutenant Commander H. E. Harvey, Dental Corps, U. S. N 824

TWENTY-EIGHT CASES OF PNEUMONIA.

By Lieutenant J. R. Jeffrey, Medical Corps, U. S. N 825

A CASE OF TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS.

By Lieutenant Commander S. P. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N— 830

Cholecystectomy and pyelotomy in

Guam.

By Commander A. H. Robnett, Medical Corps, U. S. N 831

Elephantiasis of the scrotum.

By Lieutenant L. W. Breene, Medical Corps, U. S. N., and W. Zur Linden,

chief pharmacist, Medical Corps, U. S. N 884

Rules for massage.

By Commander W. S. Bainbridge, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F— 835

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES :

General medicine. —Transfusion of blood—Diabetes mellitus In the Negro

race— Diagnosis of syphilis In malarial subjects —So-called diseases of the

blood— Singultus— The role of the prostate and

seminal vesicles in arthritis —Medical aspects of naval aviation — Treating

syphilitics—The etiology of scurvy —Food accessory factors in relation to the

teeth 839

Surgery. —Immediate surgery in fighting ships —Immediate surgery of war

wounds as practiced in hospital ships —The surgical treatment of empyema by a

closed method—Willems treatment of

knee-joint injuries —Observations on primary venereal sores—Resection

of the small intestine for war wounds —Tetanus in the British Army during the

European War 855

Tropical medicine. —New method of treatment of trypanosomiasis — Differential

diagnosis in tropical fevers —Schistosomiasis in the Yangtse Valley—Carriers of

dysenteriae among soldiers —Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 870

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. — Cultivation of gonococcus—Aestivo-autumnal

malaria Plasmodia —Virulence of diphtheria-like organisms 885

Chemistry and pharmacy.—Absorption of calcium salts in man— Improvements

in the Nephelometer-Colorimeter — Substitution of turbidimetry for nephelometry

in certain biochemical methods of analysis— Creatinuria —Phosphoric acid in the

blood of normal infants—Basal metabolism of normal women—Fat-soluble vitamine— Standards

for normal basal metabolism 887

Eye, ear, nose, and throat.- —Injuries to the ear in modern warfare— Injuries

to the ear in modern warfare— Symptomatology and diagnosis of foreign bodies in

the air and food passages—Etiology and prevention of injuries to the eye

—Mosher-Totl operation on the lachrymal sac —-Tuberculosis of the middle ear

892

NOTES AND COMMENTS :

Colles's Fracture—The French view of an American medical congress —Case

Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital— National cancer week- —

Pharmacopoeia of China —Municipal disposal of garbage—American Journal of

Tropical Medicine —Danger of week-end camping in the Tropics — Influenza

epidemic in the British Navy —Benvenuto Cellini—A Consulting Surgeon in the

Near

East—Asphyxiation in Garages —Dental service In the British Navy

—Surgeon Captain Lomas, R. N.—Counsels and Ideals from the Writings of William

Osler —John Keats, apothecary and poet — Life and times of Ambroise

Pare—Treatment of ozena —Lead poisoning in the pottery trade—The International

Journal of Gastro-Enterology— Treatment of malarial fever —Formaldehyde

poisoning — Toxic effects of shaking arsphenamine solution —Peking Union Medical

College —Milk standards 901

BOOK NOTICES 921

INDEX 983

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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 7, Nos. 1-4, 1913

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1913

Language: eng

Table of Contents

Number 1

Preface VII

Special articles:

Rotch method of roentgenographic age determination, by Harold W. Smith,

passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 1

Physical training in the United States naval service, by J. A. Murphy, surgeon,

United States Navy 20

The present status of color blindness, by G. B. Trible, passed

assistant surgeon, United States Navy 28

The organization and finances of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, by

W. S. Gibson, chief clerk Bureau Medicine and Surgery 39

The United States Naval Hospital, Las Animas, Colo., the Navy's sanatorium

for tuberculosis, by Philip Leach, medical director, United States Navy 53

Hospital ships for fishing fleets, by J. L. Neilson, surgeon, United

States Navy 64

Prevention of the spread of infectious diseases on shipboard, by E. R. Stitt,

medical inspector, United States Navy 70

The treatment of the insane in the Navy, by G. A. Riker, passed

assistant surgeon, United States Navy 77

Intestinal parasites and diseases found in Guam, by C. P. Kindleberger,

surgeon, United States Navy 86

The clinical manifestations of pityriasis rosea, by W. D. Owens, passed

assistant surgeon, United States Navy 93

An easy method for the cultivation of the gonococcus, by G. F. Clark, passed

assistant surgeon, United States Navy 99

Some statistical observations concerning tattooing as seen by the

recruiting surgeon, by A. Farenholt, surgeon, United States Navy 100

Report on flat foot, by Bruce Elmore, acting assistant surgeon, United States

Navy 102

A note in regard to the height and weight, at different ages, of

applicants at the recruiting station, Cleveland, Ohio, by J. E. Gill, passed

assistant surgeon, United States Navy 103

United States Naval Medical School laboratories:

Additions to the pathological collection 105

Additions to the miscellaneous collection 105

Suggested devices:

Apparatus for obtaining blood from a vein, or from the heart of an

animal, by G. F. Clark, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 107

Diet list for use on board ship, designed by B. F. Jenness, passed

assistant surgeon, United States Navy 108

Clinical notes:

Three cases demonstrating the need for care in diagnosis of lead

poisoning and appendicitis, by J. S. Woodward, passed assistant surgeon, United

States Navy 109

Loose bodies in the knee joint, with report of two cases, by A. M.

Fauntleroy, surgeon, and L. M. Schmidt, passed assistant surgeon, United States

Navy 110

Korsakow's psychosis, with report of a case, by Heber Butts, passed

assistant surgeon, United States Navy 113

Multiple compound fracture of the skull, with hemorrhage from longitudinal

sinus, by E. W. Phillips, assistant surgeon, United States Navy 121

A case of sudden death during thoracentesis, by E. O. J. Eytinge,

passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 124

Extensive carcinoma of stomach and omentum complicating pulmonary tuberculosis,

by G. D. Hale, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 125

Eighteen cases resembling climatic bubo, by R. G. Heiner, passed assistant

surgeon, United States Navy 126

Editorial comment:

The present status of first aid in the Navy 127

Naval Medical School laboratories 128

Fractures of the long bones 129

Progress in medical sciences:

General medicine. — -Auricular fibrillation. The rapid cure of amoebic dysentery

and hepatitis by hypodermic injections of soluble salts of emetine. The effects

of college athletics on after life. ByA.W. Dunbar and J. L. Neilson 131

Surgery. —Neprectomy without drainage for tuberculous kidney. Embryonic

bands and membranes about the caecum. The recognition and treatment of lesions

of the right iliac fossae other than appendicitis. By R. Spear and H. C. Curl

136

Hygiene and sanitation. —A device for keeping garbage cans in place. The

sanitary aspect of a besieged town. Sunstroke —a heresy. The Bimple life. By C.

N. Fiske and R. C. Ransdell 139

Tropical medicine. —Notes on a hitherto unknown "summer

fever" of the German East African coast. By R. 0. Ransdell. Climatic bubo.

The value of certain vermifuges in the treatment of ankylostomiasis. Quinine

prophylaxis in malaria. Some observations upon the healing of wounds in

sleeping-sickness patients. By E. R.

Stitt 141

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —Structure of the posterior

extremity in the female ankylostoma and necator. The cultivation of malarial

plasmodia. The periodicity-lacking microfilariae. On

the length of life of the rat-flea apart from its host. By E. R. Stitt.

The occurrence and virulence of pneumococci in the circulating blood during

lobar pneumonia and the susceptibility of pneumococcus strains to univalent

antipneumococcus serum. The complement fixation test in the differential

diagnosis of acute and chronic gonococcic arthritis. A diluting fluid for

standardization of vaccines with the hvmocytometer. By M. E. Higgins and G. F.

Clark 145

Chemistry and pharmacy. —Studies in bacterial metabolism, by C. N.

Fiske. Improvement in the technique of sampling urine for microscopic examination.

Surgical disinfection of the hands with iodine, followed by decolorization with

sodium bisulphate. Determination of the chemical reaction of urine. Detection

of blood in urine and other physiological fluids. Chemistry of silver therapy.

Sensitive test for the detection of albumin in urine. The influence of dry and

moist air on gaseous metabolism. Has the temperature of the blood any influence

on the gaseous metabolism of man? Estimation of dirt in milk. By E.W. Brown and

O. G. Ruge . 149

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Chronic irido-cyclitis. The cerebrospinal fluid

as an aid to diagnosis in suppurative meningitis of otitic origin. Additional

experiments on the excretion of hexamethylenamine in the ocular humers. By G.

B. Trible 155

Miscellaneous.— Care of surgical and laboratory instruments in the

Tropics, by E. R. Stitt 156

Reports and letters:

Administration of typhoid prophylactic at the Naval Hospital, Yokohama,

Japan, by E. M. Shipp, surgeon, United States Navy 159

Report of laboratory work performed at Cafiacao Naval Hospital, by C.

S. Butler, surgeon, United States Navy 161

Number 2

Preface vii

Special articles:

Mental and moral training for war, by J. P. Leys, surgeon, United

States Navy 165

A few remarks on the detention and probation system of punishment, and

a classification of the offenses of the personnel of the United States Naval

Disciplinary Barracks, by W. L. Mann, passed assistant surgeon, United States

Navy 174

Some of the opinions of Baron Larrey, by John Chalmers Da Costa,

assistant surgeon, Medical Reserve Corps, United States Navy 183

Gangosa, by W. M. Kerr, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy

188

Some laboratory notes upon the bacillus of dysentery, by C. S. Butler,

surgeon, United States Navy 200

Traumatic dislocation of the patella, by Morris B. Miller, assistant

surgeon, Medical Reserve Corps, United States Navy 215

Further observations on the value of studying the pulse rate with the

blood pressure in croupous pneumonia, by H. A. Hare, assistant surgeon, Medical

Reserve Corps, United States Navy..., 218

Treatment of frambesia with salvarsan, by E. U. Reed, passed assistant surgeon,

United States Navy 220

Cutaneous anthrax, with report of a case, by E. C. White, passed

assistant surgeon, United States Navy 222

Essence of orange-ether anaesthesia, by C. M. Oman, surgeon, United

States Navy 231

Iodine sterilization as now used at the United States Naval Hospital,

Norfolk, Va., by W. M. Garton, surgeon, United States Navy 234

Hygiene of the personnel below decks, by B. F. Jenness, passed

assistant surgeon, United States Navy 236

United States Naval Medical School laboratories:

Additions to pathological collection 243

Additions to the helrainthological collection 243

Suggested devices:

A collapsible chair for eye, ear, nose, and throat work on board ship,

by A. H. Robnett, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 245

An apparatus for intravenous medication, by N. T. McLean, passed

assistant surgeon, United States Navy 246

Chart for the correction of gas volumes, by E. R. Noyes, chief

pharmacist, United States Navy 247

Clinical notes:

A case of cholecystitis presenting some interesting features and some

knotty points in diagnosis, by N. J. Blackwood, surgeon, United States Navy. .

. 249

Report of a case of cholera on the U. S. S. Helena and notes on a

Shanghai epidemic, by W. A. Bloedorn, assistant surgeon, United States Navy 251

Report of a case of membraneous pericolitis, by E. L. Woods, passed

assistant surgeon, United States Navy 252

Report of a case of chronic urticaria showing dermography, by George C.

Thomas, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 253

Report of a case of poisoning by sea-urchin, by W. S. Pugh, passed

assistant surgeon, United States Navy 254

A case of malaria treated with salvarsan, by E. U. Reed, passed

assistant surgeon, United States Navy 255

Editorial comment:

The physical qualification of recruits, by C. F. Stokes, Surgeon

General, United States Navy k 257

Statistical report of the health of the British Navy, covering the year

1911. .258

Progress in medical sciences:

General medicine. —The relation of anaphylaxis to immunity and disease.

By G. F.Clark. Disorders of the pituitary body. Induced pneumothorax in the

treatment of pulmonary disease. Antityphoid vaccination in children. By A. W.

Dunbar and J. L. Neilson 261

Surgery. —Principles of general naval war surgery. Post-anaesthetic

paralyses. By H. G. Beyer. Extraocular hernia. Spontaneous rupture of the malarial

spleen. By R. Spear and H. C. Curl 269

Hygiene and sanitation. —Gaseous disinfection of equipment in the

field. By J. L. Neilson. New rapid method for the bacteriological examination

of water and application for the testing of springs and filter beds. Decomposition

and its microscopical detection in some food products. By E. W. Brown. A

substitute for fresh air. Some observations on metabolism in connection with an

experimental march. El servicio de desratizacion y la peste bubonica. Report on

water purification by chloride of lime at Bir-id-Dehib camp, Malta. By C. N.

Fiske and R. C. Ransdell 277

Tropical medicine. — The etiology of beriberi. Recent research on

cholera in India. The destruction of crescents: conclusions regarding the

prevention of malaria by the administration of quinine. A case of blackwater fever,

showing the cell inclusions of Leishman. The kala-azar problem. By E. R. Stitt

283

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —Insect porters of

bacterial infections. Experimental amoebic dysentery and liver abscess in cats.

Uber das Vorkommen und die Lebensbedingiuigen von Ankylostomen und Strongyloides

Larven in Daressalam. By E. R. Stitt. The demonstration of the treponema

pallidum in the brain in cases of general paralysis. On anaphylatoxina and

endotoxins of the typhoid bacillus. By M. E. Higgins and G. F. Clark 287

Chemistry and pharmacy. —The chemical interpretations of the

serological content of the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, with some reference

to cytology and chemistry of the latter, in mental diseases. Mett's method for determining

the activity of pepsin and the acidity maximum of peptic

digestion. A new method for determining sugar. The relations of phenol and

M-cresol to proteins. The mechanism of disinfection. Ointment bases. Merck's

Annual Report, Vol. XXV. By E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge . . 292

Eye, ear, nose, and throat.— The ozena problem. Paths of encephalic

infection in otitis. General anesthesic in cataract work. Studies of ocular tonometry.

By G. B. Trible 297

Miscellaneous. —Athletics and candidates for service abroad. Direct

Roentgen pictures without the use of plates. By J. L. Neilson 299

Reports and letters:

Account of an outbreak of malaria on the U. S. S. Tacoma resultant upon

a visit to Tampico, Mexico, by J. B. Kaufman, passed assistant surgeon, United

States Navy 301

Expedition to Santo Domingo, by S. S. Rodman, surgeon, United States Navy

303

Sanitary conditions found in, and surgical aid rendered to the wounded

at Puerto Plata and Monte Cristi, Santo Domingo, by R. A. Warner, passed assistant

surgeon, United States Navy 305

Medico-military report on a cruise in Santo Domingan waters, by H. E.

Jenkins, assistant surgeon, United States Navy 308

A brief note on the Cape Cruz-Caailda surveying expedition from a

medical officer's point of view, by E. E. Woodland, assistant surgeon, United

States Navy 309

Medico-military report on ports of the west coast of Central America

and Mexico, by C. B. Camerer, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 311

Note upon temperature of Filipino applicants for enlistment, by Allan

E. Peck, surgeon, United States Navy 320

Number 3

Preface vii

Special articles:

Weak foot, by R. C. Holcomb, surgeon, United States Navy 321

A new theory of ventilation and its application in certain situations

aboard ship, by F. L. Pleadwell, surgeon, United States Navy 332

Aural affections dependent upon visceral lesions and functional nervous

disorders, by J. J. Richardson, assistant surgeon, Medical Reserve Corps, United

States Navy 339

The detection of the feeble-minded applicant for enlistment; value of

the Binet-Simon scale as a diagnostic aid, by A. R. Schier, acting assistant surgeon,

United States Navy 345

Lost trails, a plea for naval medical biographies, by J. D. Gatewood,

medical director, United States Navy 360

Absorbable animal ligatures, by T. A. Berryhill, medical director,

United States Navy 367

A model camp hospital ashore, by E. Thompson, surgeon, United States Navy

375

Defensive elements of the body, by W. W. Wilkinson, assistant surgeon, Medical

Reserve Corps, United States Navy 381

Advantages of Paris from a medical postgraduate point of view, by R. A.

Bachmann, surgeon, United States Navy 391

Estimation of total nitrogen, by E. R. Noyes, chief pharmacist, United States

Navy 394

United States Naval Medical School laboratories:

Additions to the pathological collection 397

Additions to the helminthological collection 397

Suggested devices:

The use of a three-way cock in the intravenous administration of

salvarsan, by R. E. Stoops, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 399

A suggested improvement of the present form of the sanitary scuttle

butt, by W. E. Eaton, assistant surgeon, United States Navy 400

Clinical notes:

Report of a case showing mirror writing and associated movements

without palsy, by G. B. Crow, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 403

Transplantation of bone, by C. M. Oman, surgeon, United States Navy 406

Prevention of the complications of gonorrheal infection, by F. L.

Benton, surgeon, United Slates Navy 409

The first aid treatment of burns and scalds by live steam, by A.

Stuart, surgeon, United States Navy 410

A case of six-day fever, by M. S. Elliott, surgeon, United States Navy

412

Punctured wound of knee joint by the spine of a stingray, by N. J.

Black wood, surgeon, United States Navy 413

A case of cocaine poisoning with suicidal tendencies, by W. A.

Bloedorn, assistant surgeon, United States Navy 415

Poisoning by petroleum spirits, by M. S. Elliott, surgeon, United

States Navy 416

Editorial comment :

Mental fitness. Biographical data, by C. F. Stokes, surgeon general, United

States Navy 417

Progress in medical sciences:

General medicine. — Diseases observed at Derna during the Italo-Turkish

War. Mumps with orchitis and absence of parotiditis. By H. G. Beyer. Treatment

of gonorrhea with heated bougies. By W. E. Eaton. Diagnosis between pneumonia

and appendicitis. By L. W. Johnson. Experiments to determine the rate of

absorbability and intensity of action of quinine given hypodermically and by

the mouth. By C. N. Fiske. The use of antityphoid vaccine during the course of

an epidemic. Measles. Clinical observations of carbonic acid brine baths on the

circulation. High arterial tension; high tension hypertrophy of the heart.

The relation of bronchial asthma to pathological conditions of the

nose. "Osier's sign" and cutaneous phenomena sometimes associated

with heart disease. Nephritic hypertension. By A. W. Dunbar and G. B. Crow 421

Surgery. —Rapid cure of suppurating buboes and of abscesses. Gunshot wounds

of the thorax, observed at Bengasi during the Italo-Turkish War. Gunshot wounds

treated in the military hospital at Palermo. By H. G. Beyer. The sterilization

of skin and wounds. By C. N. Fiske. Bastedo's sign: a new symptom of chronic

appendicitis. Adrenalin in chloroform anesthesia. A simple method of blood

transfusion. By L. W. Johnson. Excision and suture in the treatment of dense,

close urethral strictures. Operative fixation as a cause of delay in union of fractures.

The arrest of hemorrhage from bone by plugging with soft tissues. Membranous

pericolitis and allied conditions of the ileocecal region. Acute perforation of

duodenal and gastric ulcers. Observati6ns on the anatomy of inguinal hernia.

Osteoplasty. By H. C. Curl and R. A. Warner 434

Hygiene and sanitation. — The action on man of vapors of technical and hygienic

importance. XXX, Nitric acid. XXXI, The "nitrous gases." By E. W.

Brown. On the discolored spots sometimes found on chilled beef. Bacteriology of

incinerator smoke and ash. Leprosy and the bedbug. The regulation of body

temperature in extremes of dry heat. Experiences with spraying mosquitoes.

Artificial house cooling in the Tropics. Portable ozone outfit for military

use. By C. N. Fiske and R.C. Ransdell 449

Tropical medicine. — Cases of beri-beri. By H. G. Beyer. Glossina morsitans

as carriers of sleeping sickness. By R. C. Ransdell. Salvarsan treatment of

ulcerating processes. Chinese spenomegaly. Relapse in malarial infections. The

leprosy bacillus. By E. R. Stitt. . 454

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. — Transmission of

relapsing fever by lice. Trichostrongylus colubriformis, a human parasite. By

E. R. Stitt. Spirochneta pallida in conjunctival secretions. By H. G. Beyer. A

method of staining the capsule of the pueumococcus. By. G. B. Crow. Experiments

in the transmission of scarlet fever to the lower monkeys. Studies in smallpox

and vaccination. Protozoallike structures in the blood in a case of black-water

fever. By A. B. Clifford and G. F. Clark 461

Chemistry and pharmacy. — On a new test for indican in the urine. By H.

G. Beyer. Adrenalin in emergency treatment of noncorrosive poisoning. By L. W.

Johnson. Determination of pepsin activity. Test for the detection of albumen in

urine. Behavior of mercury in the human and animal organism?. Estimation of

mercury in the urine and in the tissues. Method of estimating sugar. Quantitative

reduction of methylene blue by milk bacteria. By E. W. Brown 465

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. — Blinding by sunlight. Enucleation in the treatment

of panophthalmitis. Ocular headache. On the tolerance of the vitreous to

dislocated lenses, as an index to reclination in given cases. Treatment of

nasal synechiae with mica plates. By G. B. Trible 469

Reports and letters:

Report of work done in the wards of the naval hospital, Norfolk, during

the year 1912, by L. M. Schmidt, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy

471

Report of relief work in Turkey, by D. C. Walton, assistant surgeon,

United States Navy 473

Notes on sanitary conditions along the Yangtze River, by R. H. Laning, assistant

surgeon, United States Navy 475

The Yangtze Valley, by J. J. O'Malley, assistant surgeon, United States

Navy 478

Number 4

Preface vii

Special articles:

Some aspects of the prophylaxis of typhoid fever by the injection of

killed cultures, by C. S. Butler, surgeon, United States Navy 489

William Longshaw, jr., assistant surgeon, United States Navy, by J. D. Gatewood,

medical director, United States Navy 503

Intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder, by R. B. Williams, surgeon,

United States Navy 517

Nitrous oxide-oxygen anesthesia. Rebreathing method of administration

in general surgery, by H. F. Strine, surgeon. United States Navy. . 521

Leukaemia, with report of a case of the lymphatic type, by H. L.

Kelley, passed assistant surgeon. United States Navy 524

The Hospital Corps, by G. A. Riker, passed assistant surgeon, United

States Navy 533

Veru montanitis, by H. W. Cole, passed assistant surgeon. United States

Navy 537

Tests for color blindness, by G. B. Trible, passed assistant surgeon,

United States Navy 542

Medical work in American Samoa, by E. U. Reed, passed assistant

surgeon, United States Navy 546

Recurrent dislocation of shoulder, by R. B. Williams, surgeon. United States

Navy 552

The medical department in warfare, by A. W. Dunbar, surgeon, United States

Navy 555

United States Naval Medical School laboratories:

Additions to the pathological collection 573

Additions to the helminthological collection 573

Suggested devices:

Iodized gauze for the first aid packet, by F. E. McCullough, surgeon,

United States Navy 575

Incinerator, by A. Farenholt, surgeon, United States Navy 576

Clinical notes:

Two cases of thermic fever occurring in the fireroom of a battleship,

by J. L. Neilson, surgeon, United States Navy 579

Traumatic neuritis of brachial plexus, by W. A. Bloedorn, assistant

surgeon, United States Navy 583

Typhoid fever with perforation, by N. J. Blackwood, surgeon, United States

Navy 584

Anaphylaxis with death, by W. H. Connor, passed assistant surgeon, United

States Navy 586

Two cases simulating appendicitis, by F. M. Furlong, surgeon, United States

Navy 588

Editorial comment: Page.

Medical Corps representation at the Naval War College 591

Training school for native nurses in Samoa 592

Annual report of the health of the Imperial Japanese Navy for the year

1910. 592

Progress in medical sciences:

General medicine. — On the origin of dreams. By H. G. Beyer. Occurrence

of the syphilitic organism in the brain in paresis. By G. A. Riker. Solubility

of white lead in human gastric juice and its bearing on the

hygiene of the lead industries. By L. W. Johnson. Psychosis following carbon-monoxide

poisoning with complete recovery. Relations of internal secretions to mental

conditions. Administration of ox bile in the

treatment of hyperacidity and of gastric and duodenal ulcer. New laboratory

test for cancer and sarcoma, also a method of separating bile acids and

pigment, indican being obtained if present. Pathology of syphilitic aortitis

with a contribution to the formation of aneurism. Tests for hepatic function

and diseases under experimental conditions. By A. W. Dunbar and G. B. Crow -.

595

Surgery. — Hernial formations caused by deficiencies in the peritoneum.

By H. G. Beyer. Chronic intestinal stasis. By R. Spear. Surgical method of

clearing up chronic typhoid carriers. By L. \Y. Johnson. An analysis and study

of 724 major amputations. Arthroplasty. Proctoclysis —an experimental study.

The first successful case of resection of the thoracic portion of the esophagus

for carcinoma. The kinetic theory of shock and its prevention through

anoci-association. By H. C. Curl and R. A. Warner 605

Hygiene and sanitation. — Search for pathogenic microbes in raw river water

and in crude sewage. Observations on the effects of muscular exercise upon man.

By E. W. Brown. On the physiology of the open-air treatment. My experiences

relative to malarial prophylaxis on board a battleship. By C. N. Fiske and R.

C. Ransdell 618

Tropical medicine. — Two cases of climatic bubo. By L. W. Johnson. Polyueuritis

gallinarum caused by different foodstuffs. By E. R. Stitt. 625

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —Treponemata in the brain

in general paresis. Identity of entameba histolytica and entameba tetragena,

with observations upon the morphology" and life cycle of entameba

histolytica. The breeding places of phlebotomus. By E. R. Stitt. An

experimental investigation of the cytological changes produced in epithelial

cells by long-continued irritation. Effect of Rontgen and radium radiations

upon the vitality of the cells of mouse carcinoma. A contribution to the

etiology of pernicious anemia. The complement

content of the blood in malignant disease. By A. B. Clifford and G. F.

Clark 626

Chemistry and pharmacy. — Some modern problems in nutrition. By H. G. Beyer.

New reagent for detecting blood. Rapid clinical method for the estimation of

urea in urine. Preservation of milk samples for analysis. Dentifrices and their

ingredients. By E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge. . . 633

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. — Treatment of persistent otorrhea in

infants and young children by the establishment of post-auricular drainage. Parinaud'a

conjunctivitis; a mycotic disease due to a hitherto undescribed filamentous

organism. The significance of anaphylaxis in ear work. The difficulties of

tonsillectomy and how to deal with them. Notes on the vaccine treatment of

infections which involve the cornea. Intracranial division of the auditory

nerve for persistent tinnitus. By G. H. Trible 637

Miscellaneous. —The sanitary service in the Japanese Navy during the Russo-Japanese

War. Sanitatsbericht viber die Kaiserlieh Deutsche Marine fur den Zeitraum. By

H. G. Beyer. Annual Report of the Bureau of Health for the Philippine Islands,

1912. By L. W. Johnson. . 640

Reports and letters:

Report of cases of lead poisoning, by L. C. Whiteside, passed assistant

surgeon, United States Navy 647

Two cases of cerebrospinal fever, by P. S. Rossiter, surgeon, United

States Navy 649

Lead poisoning 651

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Kashgar is an oasis city with an approximate population of 350,000. It is the westernmost city in China, located near the border with Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Kashgar has a rich history of over 2,000 years and served as a trading post and strategically important city on the Silk Road between China, the Middle East, and Europe. Kashgar is part of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor.

Located historically at the convergence point of widely varying cultures and empires, Kashgar has been under the rule of the Chinese, Turkic, Mongol, and Tibetan empires. The city has also been the site of an extraordinary number of battles between various groups of people on the steppes.

Now administered as a county-level unit of the People's Republic of China, Kashgar is the administrative centre of its eponymous prefecture in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region which has an area of 162,000 square kilometres and a population of approximately 3.5 million. The city's urban area covers 15 km2, though its administrative area extends over 555 km2.

NAME

The modern Chinese name is 喀什 (Kāshí), a shortened form of the longer and less-frequently used (simplified Chinese: 喀什噶尔; traditional Chinese: 喀什噶爾; pinyin: Kāshígé’ěr; Uyghur: قەشقەر‎). Ptolemy (AD 90-168), in his Geography, Chapter 15.3A, refers to Kashgar as “Kasi”. Its western and probably indigenous name is the Kāš ("rock"), to which the East Iranian -γar ("mountain"); cf. Pashto and Middle Persian gar/ġar, from Old Persian/Pahlavi girīwa ("hill; ridge (of a mountain)") was attached. Alternative historical Romanizations for "Kashgar" include Cascar and Cashgar.

Non-native names for the city, such as the old Chinese name Shule 疏勒 and Tibetan Śu-lig may have originated as an attempts to transcribe the Sanskrit name for Kashgar, Śrīkrīrāti ("fortunate hospitality")

Variant transcriptions of the official Uyghur: يېڭىشەھەر‎ include: K̂äxk̂är or Kaxgar, as well as Jangi-schahr, Kashgar Yangi Shahr, K’o-shih-ka-erh, K’o-shih-ka-erh-hsin-ch’eng, Ko-shih-ka-erh-hui-ch’eng, K’o-shih-ko-erh-hsin-ch’eng, New Kashgar, Sheleh, Shuleh, Shulen, Shu-lo, Su-lo, Su-lo-chen, Su-lo-hsien, Yangi-shaar, Yangi-shahr, Yangishar, Yéngisheher, Yengixəh̨ər and Еңишәһәр.

HISTORY

HAN DYNASTY

The earliest mention of Kashgar occurs when a Chinese Han dynasty envoy traveled the Northern Silk Road to explore lands to the west.

Another early mention of Kashgar is during the Former Han (also known as the Western Han dynasty), when in 76 BC the Chinese conquered the Xiongnu, Yutian (Khotan), Sulei (Kashgar), and a group of states in the Tarim basin almost up to the foot of the Tian Shan range.

Ptolemy speaks of Scythia beyond the Imaus, which is in a “Kasia Regio”, probably exhibiting the name from which Kashgar and Kashgaria (often applied to the district) are formed. The country’s people practised Zoroastrianism and Buddhism before the coming of Islam.

In the Book of Han, which covers the period between 125 BC and 23 AD, it is recorded that there were 1,510 households, 18,647 people and 2,000 persons able to bear arms. By the time covered by the Book of the Later Han (roughly 25 to 170 AD), it had grown to 21,000 households and had 3,000 men able to bear arms.

The Book of the Later Han provides a wealth of detail on developments in the region:

"In the period of Emperor Wu [140-87 BC], the Western Regions1 were under the control of the Interior [China]. They numbered thirty-six kingdoms. The Imperial Government established a Colonel [in charge of] Envoys there to direct and protect these countries. Emperor Xuan [73-49 BC] changed this title [in 59 BC] to Protector-General.

Emperor Yuan [40-33 BC] installed two Wuji Colonels to take charge of the agricultural garrisons on the frontiers of the king of Nearer Jushi [Turpan].

During the time of Emperor Ai [6 BC-AD 1] and Emperor Ping [AD 1-5], the principalities of the Western Regions split up and formed fifty-five kingdoms. Wang Mang, after he usurped the Throne [in AD 9], demoted and changed their kings and marquises. Following this, the Western Regions became resentful, and rebelled. They, therefore, broke off all relations with the Interior [China] and, all together, submitted to the Xiongnu again.

The Xiongnu collected oppressively heavy taxes and the kingdoms were not able to support their demands. In the middle of the Jianwu period [AD 25-56], they each [Shanshan and Yarkand in 38, and 18 kingdoms in 45], sent envoys to ask if they could submit to the Interior [China], and to express their desire for a Protector-General. Emperor Guangwu, decided that because the Empire was not yet settled [after a long period of civil war], he had no time for outside affairs, and [therefore] finally refused his consent [in AD 45].

In the meantime, the Xiongnu became weaker. The king of Suoju [Yarkand], named Xian, wiped out several kingdoms. After Xian’s death [c. AD 62], they began to attack and fight each other. Xiao Yuan [Tura], Jingjue [Cadota], Ronglu [Niya], and Qiemo [Cherchen] were annexed by Shanshan [the Lop Nur region]. Qule [south of Keriya] and Pishan [modern Pishan or Guma] were conquered and fully occupied by Yutian [Khotan]. Yuli [Fukang], Danhuan, Guhu [Dawan Cheng], and Wutanzili were destroyed by Jushi [Turpan and Jimasa]. Later these kingdoms were re-established.

During the Yongping period [AD 58-75], the Northern Xiongnu forced several countries to help them plunder the commanderies and districts of Hexi. The gates of the towns stayed shut in broad daylight."

And, more particularly in reference to Kashgar itself, is the following record:

"In the sixteenth Yongping year of Emperor Ming 73, Jian, the king of Qiuci (Kucha), attacked and killed Cheng, the king of Shule (Kashgar). Then he appointed the Qiuci (Kucha) Marquis of the Left, Douti, King of Shule (Kashgar). ‹See TfD›

In winter 73, the Han sent the Major Ban Chao who captured and bound Douti. He appointed Zhong, the son of the elder brother of Cheng, to be king of Shule (Kashgar). Zhong later rebelled. (Ban) Chao attacked and beheaded him."

THE KUSHANS

The Book of the Later Han also gives the only extant historical record of Yuezhi or Kushan involvement in the Kashgar oasis:

"During the Yuanchu period (114-120) in the reign of Emperor, the king of Shule (Kashgar), exiled his maternal uncle Chenpan to the Yuezhi (Kushans) for some offence. The king of the Yuezhi became very fond of him. Later, Anguo died without leaving a son. His mother directed the government of the kingdom. She agreed with the people of the country to put Yifu (lit. “posthumous child”), who was the son of a full younger brother of Chenpan on the throne as king of Shule (Kashgar). Chenpan heard of this and appealed to the Yuezhi (Kushan) king, saying:

"Anguo had no son. His relative (Yifu) is weak. If one wants to put on the throne a member of (Anguo’s) mother’s family, I am Yifu’s paternal uncle, it is I who should be king."

The Yuezhi (Kushans) then sent soldiers to escort him back to Shule (Kashgar). The people had previously respected and been fond of Chenpan. Besides, they dreaded the Yuezhi (Kushans). They immediately took the seal and ribbon from Yifu and went to Chenpan, and made him king. Yifu was given the title of Marquis of the town of Pangao [90 li, or 37 km, from Shule].

‹See TfD›

Then Suoju (Yarkand) continued to resist Yutian (Khotan), and put themselves under Shule (Kashgar). Thus Shule (Kashgar), became powerful and a rival to Qiuci (Kucha) and Yutian (Khotan)."

However, it was not very long before the Chinese began to reassert their authority in the region:

“In the second Yongjian year (127), during Emperor Shun’s reign, Chenpan sent an envoy to respectfully present offerings. The Emperor bestowed on Chenpan the title of Great Commandant-in-Chief for the Han. Chenxun, who was the son of his elder brother, was appointed Temporary Major of the Kingdom. ‹See TfD›

In the fifth year (130), Chenpan sent his son to serve the Emperor and, along with envoys from Dayuan (Ferghana) and Suoju (Yarkand), brought tribute and offerings.”

From an earlier part of the same text comes the following addition:

“In the first Yangjia year (132), Xu You sent the king of Shule (Kashgar), Chenpan, who with 20,000 men, attacked and defeated Yutian (Khotan). He beheaded several hundred people, and released his soldiers to plunder freely. He replaced the king [of Jumi] by installing Chengguo from the family of [the previous king] Xing, and then he returned.”[38]

Then the first passage continues:

“In the second Yangjia year (133), Chenpan again made offerings (including) a lion and zebu cattle. ‹See TfD›

Then, during Emperor Ling’s reign, in the first Jianning year, the king of Shule (Kashgar) and Commandant-in-Chief for the Han (i.e. presumably Chenpan), was shot while hunting by the youngest of his paternal uncles, Hede. Hede named himself king.

‹See TfD›

In the third year (170), Meng Tuo, the Inspector of Liangzhou, sent the Provincial Officer Ren She, commanding five hundred soldiers from Dunhuang, with the Wuji Major Cao Kuan, and Chief Clerk of the Western Regions, Zhang Yan, brought troops from Yanqi (Karashahr), Qiuci (Kucha), and the Nearer and Further States of Jushi (Turpan and Jimasa), altogether numbering more than 30,000, to punish Shule (Kashgar). They attacked the town of Zhenzhong [Arach − near Maralbashi] but, having stayed for more than forty days without being able to subdue it, they withdrew. Following this, the kings of Shule (Kashgar) killed one another repeatedly while the Imperial Government was unable to prevent it.”

THREE KINGDOMS TO THE SUI

These centuries are marked by a general silence in sources on Kashgar and the Tarim Basin.

The Weilüe, composed in the second third of the 3rd century, mentions a number of states as dependencies of Kashgar: the kingdom of Zhenzhong (Arach?), the kingdom of Suoju (Yarkand), the kingdom of Jieshi, the kingdom of Qusha, the kingdom of Xiye (Khargalik), the kingdom of Yinai (Tashkurghan), the kingdom of Manli (modern Karasul), the kingdom of Yire (Mazar − also known as Tágh Nák and Tokanak), the kingdom of Yuling, the kingdom of Juandu (‘Tax Control’ − near modern Irkeshtam), the kingdom of Xiuxiu (‘Excellent Rest Stop’ − near Karakavak), and the kingdom of Qin.

However, much of the information on the Western Regions contained in the Weilüe seems to have ended roughly about (170), near the end of Han power. So, we can’t be sure that this is a reference to the state of affairs during the Cao Wei (220-265), or whether it refers to the situation before the civil war during the Later Han when China lost touch with most foreign countries and came to be divided into three separate kingdoms.

Chapter 30 of the Records of the Three Kingdoms says that after the beginning of the Wei Dynasty (220) the states of the Western Regions did not arrive as before, except for the larger ones such as Kucha, Khotan, Kangju, Wusun, Kashgar, Yuezhi, Shanshan and Turpan, who are said to have come to present tribute every year, as in Han times.

In 270, four states from the Western Regions were said to have presented tribute: Karashahr, Turpan, Shanshan, and Kucha. Some wooden documents from Niya seem to indicate that contacts were also maintained with Kashgar and Khotan around this time.

In 422, according to the Songshu, ch. 98, the king of Shanshan, Bilong, came to the court and "the thirty-six states in the Western Regions" all swore their allegiance and presented tribute. It must be assumed that these 36 states included Kashgar.

The "Songji" of the Zizhi Tongjian records that in the 5th month of 435, nine states: Kucha, Kashgar, Wusun, Yueban, Tashkurghan, Shanshan, Karashahr, Turpan and Sute all came to the Wei court.

In 439, according to the Weishu, ch. 4A, Shanshan, Kashgar and Karashahr sent envoys to present tribute.

According to the Weishu, ch. 102, Chapter on the Western Regions, the kingdoms of Kucha, Kashgar, Wusun, Yueban, Tashkurghan, Shanshan, Karashahr, Turpan and Sute all began sending envoys to present tribute in the Taiyuan reign period (435-440).

In 453 Kashgar sent envoys to present tribute (Weishu, ch. 5), and again in 455.

An embassy sent during the reign of Wencheng Di (452-466) from the king of Kashgar presented a supposed sacred relic of the Buddha; a dress which was incombustible.

In 507 Kashgar, is said to have sent envoys in both the 9th and 10th months (Weishu, ch. 8).

In 512, Kashgar sent envoys in the 1st and 5th months. (Weishu, ch. 8).

Early in the 6th century Kashgar is included among the many territories controlled by the Yeda or Hephthalite Huns, but their empire collapsed at the onslaught of the Western Turks between 563 and 567 who then probably gained control over Kashgar and most of the states in the Tarim Basin.

TANG DYNASTY

The founding of the Tang dynasty in 618 saw the beginning of a prolonged struggle between China and the Western Turks for control of the Tarim Basin. In 635, the Tang Annals reported an emissary from the king of Kashgar to the Tang capital. In 639 there was a second emissary bringing products of Kashgar as a token of submission to the Tang state.

Buddhist scholar Xuanzang passed through Kashgar (which he referred to as Ka-sha) in 644 on his return journey from India to China. The Buddhist religion, then beginning to decay in India, was active in Kashgar. Xuanzang recorded that they flattened their babies heads, tattooed their bodies and had green eyes. He reported that Kashgar had abundant crops, fruits and flowers, wove fine woolen stuffs and rugs. Their writing system had been adapted from Indian script but their language was different from that of other countries. The inhabitants were sincere Buddhist adherents and there were some hundreds of monasteries with more than 10,000 followers, all members of the Sarvastivadin School.

At around the same era, Nestorian Christians were establishing bishoprics at Herat, Merv and Samarkand, whence they subsequently proceeded to Kashgar, and finally to China proper itself.

In 646, the Turkic Kagan asked for the hand of a Tang Chinese princess, and in return the Emperor promised Kucha, Khotan, Kashgar, Karashahr and Sarikol as a marriage gift, but this did not happen as planned.

In a series of campaigns between 652 and 658, with the help of the Uyghurs, the Chinese finally defeated the Western Turk tribes and took control of all their domains, including the Tarim Basin kingdoms. Karakhoja was annexed in 640, Karashahr during campaigns in 644 and 648, and Kucha fell in 648.

In 662 a rebellion broke out in the Western Regions and a Chinese army sent to control it was defeated by the Tibetans south of Kashgar.

After another defeat of the Tang Chinese forces in 670, the Tibetans gained control of the whole region and completely subjugated Kashgar in 676-8 and retained possession of it until 692, when the Tang dynasty regained control of all their former territories, and retained it for the next fifty years.

In 722 Kashgar sent 4,000 troops to assist the Chinese to force the "Tibetans out of "Little Bolu" or Gilgit.

In 728, the king of Kashgar was awarded a brevet by the Chinese emperor.

In 739, the Tangshu relates that the governor of the Chinese garrison in Kashgar, with the help of Ferghana, was interfering in the affairs of the Turgesh tribes as far as Talas.

In 751 the Chinese were defeated by an Arab army in the Battle of Talas. The An Lushan Rebellion led to the decline of Tang influence in Central Asia due to the fact that the Tang dynasty was forced to withdraw its troops from the region to fight An Lushan. The Tibetans cut all communication between China and the West in 766.

Soon after the Chinese pilgrim monk Wukong passed through Kashgar in 753. He again reached Kashgar on his return trip from India in 786 and mentions a Chinese deputy governor as well as the local king.

BATTLES WITH ARAB CALIPHATE

In 711, the Arabs invaded Kashgar, but did not hold the city for any length of time. Kashgar and Turkestan lent assistance to the reigning queen of Bukhara, to enable her to repel the Arabs. Although the Muslim religion from the very commencement sustained checks, it nevertheless made its weight felt upon the independent states of Turkestan to the north and east, and thus acquired a steadily growing influence. It was not, however, till the 10th century that Islam was established at Kashgar, under the Kara-Khanid Khanate.

THE TURKIC RULE

According to the 10th-century text, Hudud al-'alam, "the chiefs of Kashghar in the days of old were from the Qarluq, or from the Yaghma." The Karluks, Yaghmas and other tribes such as the Chigils formed the Karakhanids. The Karakhanid Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan converted to Islam in the 10th century and captured Kashgar. Kashgar was the capital of the Karakhanid state for a time but later the capital was moved to Balasaghun. During the latter part of the 10th century, the Muslim Karakhanids began a struggle against the Buddhist Kingdom of Khotan, and the Khotanese defeated the Karakhanids and captured Kashgar in 970. Chinese sources recorded the king of Khotan offering to send them a dancing elephant captured from Kashgar. Later in 1006, the Karakhanids of Kashgar under Yusuf Kadr Khan conquered Khotan.

The Karakhanid Khanate however was beset with internal strife, and the khanate split into two, the Eastern and Western Karakhanid Khanates, with Kashgar falling within the domain of the Eastern Karakhanid state. In 1089, the Western Karakhanids fell under the control of the Seljuks, but the Eastern Karakhanids was for the most part independent.

Both the Karakhanid states were defeated in the 12th century by the Kara-Khitans who captured Balasaghun, however Karakhanid rule continued in Kashgar under the suzerainty of the Kara-Khitans. The Kara-Khitan rulers followed a policy of religious tolerance, Islamic religious life continued uninterrupted and Kashgar was also a Nestorian metropolitan see. The last Karakhanid of Kashgar was killed in a revolt in 1211 by the city's notables. Kuchlug, a usurper of the throne of the Kara-Khitans, then attacked Kashgar which finally surrendered in 1214.

THE MONGOLS

The Kara-Khitai in their turn were swept away in 1219 by Genghis Khan. After his death, Kashgar came under the rule of the Chagatai Khans. Marco Polo visited the city, which he calls Cascar, about 1273-4 and recorded the presence of numerous Nestorian Christians, who had their own churches. Later In the 14th century, a Chagataid khan Tughluq Timur converted to Islam, and Islamic tradition began to reassert its ascendancy.

In 1389−1390 Tamerlane ravaged Kashgar, Andijan and the intervening country. Kashgar endured a troubled time, and in 1514, on the invasion of the Khan Sultan Said, was destroyed by Mirza Ababakar, who with the aid of ten thousand men built a new fort with massive defences higher up on the banks of the Tuman river. The dynasty of the Chagatai Khans collapsed in 1572 with the division of the country among rival factions; soon after, two powerful Khoja factions, the White and Black Mountaineers (Ak Taghliq or Afaqi, and Kara Taghliq or Ishaqi), arose whose differences and war-making gestures, with the intermittent episode of the Oirats of Dzungaria, make up much of recorded history in Kashgar until 1759. The Dzungar Khanate conquered Kashgar and set up the Khoja as their puppet rulers.

QING CONQUEST

The Qing dynasty defeated the Dzungar Khanate during the Ten Great Campaigns and took control of Kashgar in 1759. The conquerors consolidated their authority by settling other ethnics emigrants in the vicinity of a Manchu garrison.

Rumours flew around Central Asia that the Qing planned to launch expeditions towards Transoxiana and Samarkand, the chiefs of which sought assistance from the Afghan king Ahmed Shah Abdali. The alleged expedition never happened so Ahmad Shah withdrew his forces from Kokand. He also dispatched an ambassador to Beijing to discuss the situation of the Afaqi Khojas, but the representative was not well received, and Ahmed Shah was too busy fighting off the Sikhs to attempt to enforce his demands through arms.

The Qing continued to hold Kashgar with occasional interruptions during the Afaqi Khoja revolts. One of the most serious of these occurred in 1827, when the city was taken by Jahanghir Khoja; Chang-lung, however, the Qing general of Ili, regained possession of Kashgar and the other rebellious cities in 1828.

The Kokand Khanate raided Kashgar several times. A revolt in 1829 under Mahommed Ali Khan and Yusuf, brother of Jahanghir resulted in the concession of several important trade privileges to the Muslims of the district of Altishahr (the "six cities"), as it was then called.

The area enjoyed relative calm until 1846 under the rule of Zahir-ud-din, the local Uyghur governor, but in that year a new Khoja revolt under Kath Tora led to his accession as the authoritarian ruler of the city. However, his reign was brief—at the end of seventy-five days, on the approach of the Chinese, he fled back to Khokand amid the jeers of the inhabitants. The last of the Khoja revolts (1857) was of about equal duration, and took place under Wali-Khan, who murdered the well-known traveler Adolf Schlagintweit.

1862 CHINESE HUI REVOLT

The great Dungan revolt (1862–1877) involved insurrection among various Muslim ethnic groups. It broke out in 1862 in Gansu then spread rapidly to Dzungaria and through the line of towns in the Tarim Basin.

Dungan troops based in Yarkand rose and in August 1864 massacred some seven thousand Chinese and their Manchu commander. The inhabitants of Kashgar, rising in their turn against their masters, invoked the aid of Sadik Beg, a Kyrgyz chief, who was reinforced by Buzurg Khan, the heir of Jahanghir Khoja, and his general Yakub Beg. The latter men were dispatched at Sadik’s request by the ruler of Khokand to raise what troops they could to aid his Muslim friends in Kashgar.

Sadik Beg soon repented of having asked for a Khoja, and eventually marched against Kashgar, which by this time had succumbed to Buzurg Khan and Yakub Beg, but was defeated and driven back to Khokand. Buzurg Khan delivered himself up to indolence and debauchery, but Yakub Beg, with singular energy and perseverance, made himself master of Yangi Shahr, Yangi-Hissar, Yarkand and other towns, and eventually became sole master of the country, Buzurg Khan proving himself totally unfit for the post of ruler.

With the overthrow of Chinese rule in 1865 by Yakub Beg (1820–1877), the manufacturing industries of Kashgar are supposed to have declined.

Yaqub Beg entered into relations and signed treaties with the Russian Empire and the British Empire, but when he tried to get their support against China, he failed.

Kashgar and the other cities of the Tarim Basin remained under Yakub Beg’s rule until May 1877, when he died at Korla. Thereafter Kashgaria was reconquered by the forces of the Qing general Zuo Zongtang during the Qing reconquest of Xinjiang.

QING RULE

There were eras in Xinjiang's history where intermarriage was common, "laxity" which set upon Uyghur women led them to marry Chinese men and not wear the veil in the period after Yaqub Beg's rule ended, it is also believed by Uyghurs that some Uyghurs have Han Chinese ancestry from historical intermarriage, such as those living in Turpan.

Even though Muslim women are forbidden to marry non-Muslims in Islamic law, from 1880-1949 it was frequently violated in Xinjiang since Chinese men married Muslim Turki (Uyghur) women, a reason suggested by foriengers that it was due to the women being poor, while the Turki women who married Chinese were labelled as whores by the Turki community, these marriages were illegitimate according to Islamic law but the women obtained benefits from marrying Chinese men since the Chinese defended them from Islamic authorities so the women were not subjected to the tax on prostitution and were able to save their income for themselves. Chinese men gave their Turki wives privileges which Turki men's wives did not have, since the wives of Chinese did not have to wear a veil and a Chinese man in Kashgar once beat a mullah who tried to force his Turki Kashgari wife to veil. The Turki women also benefited in that they were not subjected to any legal binding to their Chinese husbands so they could make their Chinese husbands provide them with as much their money as she wanted for her relatives and herself since otherwise the women could just leave, and the property of Chinese men was left to their Turki wives after they died. Turki women considered Turki men to be inferior husbands to Chinese and Hindus. Because they were viewed as "impure", Islamic cemeteries banned the Turki wives of Chinese men from being buried within them, the Turki women got around this problem by giving shrines donations and buying a grave in other towns. Besides Chinese men, other men such as Hindus, Armenians, Jews, Russians, and Badakhshanis intermarried with local Turki women. The local society accepted the Turki women and Chinese men's mixed offspring as their own people despite the marriages being in violation of Islamic law. Turki women also conducted temporary marriages with Chinese men such as Chinese soldiers temporarily stationed around them as soldiers for tours of duty, after which the Chinese men returned to their own cities, with the Chinese men selling their mixed daughters with the Turki women to his comrades, taking their sons with them if they could afford it but leaving them if they couldn't, and selling their temporary Turki wife to a comrade or leaving her behind.

An anti-Russian uproar broke out when Russian customs officials, 3 Cossacks and a Russian courier invited local Turki (Uyghur) prostitutes to a party in January 1902 in Kashgar, this caused a massive brawl by the inflamed local Turki Muslim populace against the Russians on the pretense of protecting Muslim women because there was anti-Russian sentiment being built up, even though morality was not strict in Kashgar, the local Turki Muslims violently clashed with the Russians before they were dispersed by guards, the Chinese sought to end to tensions to prevent the Russians from building up a pretext to invade.

After the riot, the Russians sent troops to Sarikol in Tashkurghan and demanded that the Sarikol postal services be placed under Russian supervision, the locals of Sarikol believed that the Russians would seize the entire district from the Chinese and send more soldiers even after the Russians tried to negotiate with the Begs of Sarikol and sway them to their side, they failed since the Sarikoli officials and authorities demanded in a petition to the Amban of Yarkand that they be evacuated to Yarkand to avoid being harassed by the Russians and objected to the Russian presence in Sarikol, the Sarikolis did not believe the Russian claim that they would leave them alone and only involved themselves in the mail service.

Many of the young Kashgari women were most attractive in appearance, and some of the little girls quite lovely, their plaits of long hair falling from under a jaunty little embroidered cap, their big dark eyes, flashing teeth and piquant olive faces reminding me of Italian or Spanish children. One most beautiful boy stands out in my memory. He was clad in a new shirt and trousers of flowered pink, his crimson velvet cap embroidered with gold, and as he smiled and salaamed to us I thought he looked like a fairy prince. The women wear their hair in two or five plaits much thickened and lengthened by the addition of yak's hair, but the children in several tiny plaits.

The peasants are fairly well off, as the soil is rich, the abundant water-supply free, and the taxation comparatively light. It was always interesting to meet them taking their live stock into market. Flocks of sheep with tiny lambs, black and white, pattered along the dusty road; here a goat followed its master like a dog, trotting behind the diminutive ass which the farmer bestrode; or boys, clad in the whity-brown native cloth, shouted incessantly at donkeys almost invisible under enormous loads of forage, or carried fowls and ducks in bunches head downwards, a sight that always made me long to come to the rescue of the luckless birds.

It was pleasant to see the women riding alone on horseback, managing their mounts to perfection. They formed a sharp contrast to their Persian sisters, who either sit behind their husbands or have their steeds led by the bridle; and instead of keeping silence in public, as is the rule for the shrouded women of Iran, these farmers' wives chaffered and haggled with the men in the bazar outside the city, transacting business with their veils thrown back.

Certainly the mullas do their best to keep the fair sex in their place, and are in the habit of beating those who show their faces in the Great Bazar. But I was told that poetic justice had lately been meted out to one of these upholders of the law of Islam, for by mistake he chastised a Kashgari woman married to a Chinaman, whereupon the irate husband set upon him with a big stick and castigated him soundly.

That a Muslim should take in marriage one of alien faith is not objected to; it is rather deemed a meritorious act thus to bring an unbeliever to the true religion. The Muslim woman, on the other hand, must not be given in marriage to a non-Muslim; such a union is regarded as the most heinous of sins. In this matter, however, compromises are sometimes made with heaven: the marriage of a Turki princess with the emperor Ch'ien-lung has already been referred to; and, when the present writer passed through Minjol (a day's journey west of Kashgar) in 1902, a Chinese with a Turki wife (? concubine) was presented to him.

FIRST EAST TURKESTAN REPUBLIC

Kashgar was the scene of continual battles from 1933 to 1934. Ma Shaowu, a Chinese Muslim, was the Tao-yin of Kashgar, and he fought against Uyghur rebels. He was joined by another Chinese Muslim general, Ma Zhancang.

BATTLE OF KASHGAR (1933)

Uighur and Kirghiz forces, led by the Bughra brothers and Tawfiq Bay, attempted to take the New City of Kashgar from Chinese Muslim troops under General Ma Zhancang. They were defeated.

Tawfiq Bey, a Syrian Arab traveler, who held the title Sayyid (descendent of prophet Muhammed) and arrived at Kashgar on August 26, 1933, was shot in the stomach by the Chinese Muslim troops in September. Previously Ma Zhancang arranged to have the Uighur leader Timur Beg killed and beheaded on August 9, 1933, displaying his head outside of Id Kah Mosque.

Han chinese troops commanded by Brigadier Yang were absorbed into Ma Zhancang's army. A number of Han chinese officers were spotted wearing the green uniforms of Ma Zhancang's unit of the 36th division, presumably they had converted to Islam.

BATTLE OF KASHGAR (1934)

The 36th division General Ma Fuyuan led a Chinese Muslim army to storm Kashgar on February 6, 1934, attacking the Uighur and Kirghiz rebels of the First East Turkestan Republic. He freed another 36th division general, Ma Zhancang, who was trapped with his Chinese Muslim and Han Chinese troops in Kashgar New City by the Uighurs and Kirghiz since May 22, 1933. In January, 1934, Ma Zhancang's Chinese Muslim troops repulsed six Uighur attacks, launched by Khoja Niyaz, who arrived at the city on January 13, 1934, inflicting massive casualties on the Uighur forces. From 2,000 to 8,000 Uighur civilians in Kashgar Old City were massacred by Tungans in February, 1934, in revenge for the Kizil massacre, after retreating of Uighur forces from the city to Yengi Hisar. The Chinese Muslim and 36th division Chief General Ma Zhongying, who arrived at Kashgar on April 7, 1934, gave a speech at Id Kah Mosque in April, reminding the Uighurs to be loyal to the Republic of China government at Nanjing. Several British citizens at the British consulate were killed or wounded by the 36th division on March 16, 1934.

PEOPLE´S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Kashgar was incorporated into the People's Republic of China in 1949. During the Cultural Revolution, one of the largest statues of Mao in China was built in Kashgar, near People's Square. In 1986, the Chinese government designated Kashgar a "city of historical and cultural significance". Kashgar and surrounding regions have been the site of Uyghur unrest since the 1990s. In 2008, two Uyghur men carried out a vehicular, IED and knife attack against police officers. In 2009, development of Kashgar's old town accelerated after the revelations of the deadly role of faulty architecture during the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Many of the old houses in the old town were built without regulation, and as a result, officials found them to be overcrowded and non-compliant with fire and earthquake codes. When the plan started, 42% of the city's residents lived in the old town. With compensation, residents of faulty buildings are being counseled to move to newer, safer buildings that will replace the historic structures in the $448 million plan, including high-rise apartments, plazas, and reproductions of ancient Islamic architecture. The European Parliament issued a resolution in 2011 calling for "culture-sensitive methods of renovation." The International Scientific Committee on Earthen Architectural Heritage (ISCEAH) has expressed concern over the demolition and reconstruction of historic buildings. ISCEAH has, additionally, urged the implementation of techniques utilized elsewhere in the world to address earthquake vulnerability.

Following the July 2009 Urumqi riots, the government focused on local economic development in an attempt to ameliorate ethnic tensions in the greater Xinjiang region. Kashgar was made into a Special Economic Zone in 2010, the first such zone in China's far west. In 2011, a spate of violence over two days killed dozens of people. By May 2012 two-thirds of the old city had been demolished, fulfilling "political as well as economic goals." In July 2014 the Imam of the Id Kah Mosque, Juma Tayir, was assassinated in Kashgar.

CLIMATE

Kashgar features a desert climate (Köppen BWk) with hot summers and cold winters, with large temperature differences between those two seasons: The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −5.3 °C in January to 25.6 °C in July, while the annual mean is 11.84 °C. Spring is long and arrives quickly, while fall is somewhat brief in comparison. Kashgar is one of the driest cities on the planet, averaging only 64 millimetres of precipitation per year. The city’s wettest month, July, only sees on average 9.1 millimetres of rain. Because of the extremely arid conditions, snowfall is rare, despite the cold winters. Records have been as low as −24.4 °C in January and up to 40.1 °C in July. The frost-free period averages 215 days. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 50% in March to 70% in September, the city receives 2,726 hours of bright sunshine annually.

DEMOGRAPHICS

Kashgar is predominately peopled by Muslim Uyghurs. Compared to Ürümqi, Xinjiang's capital and largest city, Kashgar is less industrial and has significantly fewer Han Chinese residents.

ECONOMICS AND SOCIETY

The city has a very important Sunday market. Thousands of farmers from the surrounding fertile lands come into the city to sell a wide variety of fruit and vegetables. Kashgar’s livestock market is also very lively. Silk and carpets made in Hotan are sold at bazaars, as well as local crafts, such as copper teapots and wooden jewellery boxes.

In order to boost the economy in Kashgar region, the government classified the area as the sixth Special Economic Zone of China in May 2010.

Mahmud al-Kashgari (Turkish: Kâşgarlı Mahmud) (Mahmut from Kashgar) wrote the first Turkic–Arabic Exemplary Dictionary called Divan-ı Lugat-it Türk[citation needed]

The movie The Kite Runner was filmed in Kashgar. Kashgar and the surrounding countryside stood in for Kabul and Afghanistan, since filming in Afghanistan was not possible due to safety and security reasons.

SIGHTS

Kashgar's Old City has been called "the best-preserved example of a traditional Islamic city to be found anywhere in Central Asia". It is estimated to attract more than one million tourists annually.

- Id Kah Mosque, the largest mosque in China, is located in the heart of the city.

- People's Park, the main public park in central Kashgar.

- An 18 m high statue of Mao Zedong in Kashgar is one of the few large-scale statues of Mao remaining in China.

- The tomb of Afaq Khoja in Kashgar is considered the holiest Muslim site in Xinjiang. Built in the 17th century, the tiled mausoleum 5 km northeast of the city centre also contains the tombs of five generations of his family. Abakh was a powerful ruler, controlling Khotan, Yarkand, Korla, Kucha and Aksu as well as Kashgar. Among some Uyghur Muslims, he was considered a great Saint (Aulia).

- Sunday Market in Kashgar is renowned as the biggest market in central Asia; a pivotal trading point along the Silk Road where goods have been traded for more than 2,000 years. The market is open every day but Sunday is the largest.

TRANSPORTATION

AIR

Kashgar Airport serves mainly domestic flights, the majority of them from Urumqi. The only scheduled international flights are passenger and cargo services with Pakistan's capital Islamabad.

RAIL

Kashgar has the westernmost railway station in China. It is connected to the rest of China's rail network via the Southern Xinjiang Railway, which was built in December 1999. Kashgar–Hotan Railway opened for passenger traffic in June 2011, and connected Kashgar with cities in the southern Tarim Basin including Shache (Yarkand), Yecheng (Kargilik) and Hotan. Travel time to Urumqi from Kashgar is approximately 25 hours, while travel time to Hotan is approximately ten hours.

The investigation work of a further extension of the railway line to Pakistan has begun. In November 2009, Pakistan and China agreed to set up a joint venture to do a feasibility study of the proposed rail link via the Khunjerab Pass.

Proposals for a rail connection to Osh in Kyrgyzstan have also been discussed at various levels since at least 1996.

In 2012, a standard gauge railway from Kashgar via Tajikistan and Afghanistan to Iran and beyond has been proposed.

ROAD

The Karakorum highway (KKH) links Islamabad, Pakistan with Kashgar over the Khunjerab Pass. The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor is a multibillion-dollar project was that will upgrade transport links between China and Pakistan, including the upgrades to the Karakorum highway. Bus routes exist for passenger travel south into Pakistan. Kyrgyzstan is also accessible from Kashgar, via the Torugart Pass and Irkeshtam Pass; as of summer 2007, daily bus service connects Kashgar with Bishkek’s Western Bus Terminal. Kashgar is also located on China National Highways G314 (which runs to Khunjerab Pass on the Sino−Pakistani border, and, in the opposite direction, towards Ürümqi), and G315, which runs to Xining, Qinghai from Kashgar.

WIKIPEDIA

This image is taken from United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 6, Nos. 1-4, 1912 by Medical Heritage Library, Inc.

Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive

Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 6, Nos. 1-4, 1912

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1912

Language: eng

Table of Contents

Number 1

Preface v

Special articles:

The medical man and vital statistics, by J. D. Gatewood 1

A plea for more liberal nomenclature for the Naval Medical Service, by A.

W. Dunbar 22

Acid fast bacilli in the circulating blood of lepers, by G. B. Crow 26

The tenth convention of the second Hague conference of 1907, and its

relation to the evacuation of the wounded in naval warfare, by F. L. Pleadwell (second

paper) 34

A study of 3,268 venereal prophylactic treatments, by R. C. Holcomb and

D. C. Gather 52

A year's experience in venereal prophylaxis on board the U. S. S.

Georgia, July 1, 1910-June 30, 1911, by C. L. Moran 60

The recent advances in the prophylaxis and treatment of typhoid fever, by

M. W. Baker 62

United States Medical School laboratories:

The Naval Medical School collections, by P. E. Garrison 69

Additions to the helminthological collection, United States Naval

Medical School, September-November, 1911 72

Additions to the pathological collection, United States Naval Medical School,

September-November, 1911 72

Suggested devices:

Modification in shoe for prevention of blisters on the heel, by W. S.

Sims. . 73

An improved cot for hospital ships and sick bays aboard ship, by E. M. Blackwell

73

Clinical notes:

Umbilical hernia, by H. F. Strine 76

Report of a case resembling gangosa in which treponema pertenuis was present,

by P. S. Rossiter 78

Bunion operations, by A. M. Fauntleroy 79

Late positive Wassermann in syphilis and tuberculosis, by W. B. Grove.

... 81

Salvarsan in frambcesia, by G. F. Cottle 82

Salvarsan in filariasis, by G. F. Cottle 84

Current comment:

The twentieth annual meeting of the Association of Military Surgeons.

... 89

The ninth international Red Cross conference 90

Typhoid fever 91

Yellow fever at Honolulu 92

Opening of the Naval Hospital, Great Lakes training station, 92

Progress in medical sciences:

General medicine. —Pulmonary tuberculosis, experiences with, during

last year; possible infectious origin of pernicious anemia; differential diagnosis

in albuminuria; observations on urine of marathon runners; alcohol in dermal

therapeutics; baldness and its cures; relationship of syphilis and

tuberculosis; present status of salvarsan therapeutics; effect of salvarsan upon

the heart; utilization of Wassermann reaction in the Navy; possible specific

treatment of diabetes mellitus; bromidrosis and hyperidrosis

of the feet; by A. W. Dunbar and J. L. Neilson 93

Surgery. —Open treatment of transverse fracture of femoral shaft; cure

of prostatic obstruction; organization at main battle dressing station; by R.

Spear 107

Hygiene and sanitation. — A strength and endurance test; dangers to

health from automobile engine gases; decomposing power of bacteria in water; epidemic

due to Gartner bacillus; bacteriological investigation of ice cream in Boston;

emergency rations; accidents of decompression; merits of low protein diet;

concerning particles of albuminous substance in exhaled air; influence of

storage and preservatives upon dissolved oxygen in waters; bacteriological

examinations of oysters; by H. G.

Beyer and C.N. Fiske 113

Tropical medicine. — Preliminary report on method of preventing pernicious

malaria; recent advances in knowledge of sleeping sickness; experiments on the

cause of beriberi; action of quinine, salvarsan and atoxyl on Plasmodium

prrecox in canary birds; relationship between Gl. Morsitans and sleeping

sickness; by E. R. Stitt 124

Pathology and bacteriology. —Detection of tubercle bacilli in sputum; method

of infection in pneumonic plague; study of arteritis of syphilitic origin;

isolation of typhoid, paratyphoid and dysentery bacilli; bacteriological

examination of stools in quarantine protection against cholera; local

production of antibodies; by M. E. Higgins 130

Medical zoology.—Etiology of pellagra, by P. E. Garrison 136

Chemistry and pharmacy. —Determination of arsenic in urine after administering

salvarsan; method for detection of salvarsan; method for estimation of gastric

acidity; absorption of chloroform and other chlorinated hydrocarbons by men and

animals; by E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge... 136

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Acute nephritis following acute tonsillitis;

when to remove tonsils and what operation to be used; recent contributions to

knowledge of sympathetic ophthalmia; protest against indiscriminate use of

organic compounds of silver in ophthalmic practice; two cases of iritis treated

with salvarsan ; a quick and easy method for removal of eyeball; by E. M. Shipp

138

Reports and letters:

Sanitary report on Hampton Roads, Norfolk, and vicinity, by G. A. Lung.

149

Recent pellagra clinic at Columbia, S. C, by P. E. Garrison 152

A visit to the Finsen Institute, by R. B. Williams 157

Number 2

Preface vi

Special articles:

Lead poisoning from inhalation of red-lead laden dust. The possible frequency

of lead encephalopathy in such cases, by E. R. Stitt 161

Loss of life by drowning in naval warfare, by T. W. Richards 166

Etiology of gangosa, based upon complement fixation, by E. P. Halton. .

. 190

Further observations on the insane of the Navy, by Heber Butts 193

Roaches and their extermination by the use of sodium fluorid, by M. F. Gates

212

The prophylaxis of boils, by E. W. Phillips 214

Extract from sanitary report, U. S. S. Washington, by J. H. Iden 215

Comment, by J. D. Gatewood 216

Damage table for physical disability in the United States Navy, 1910. International

nomenclature, by C. N. Fiske 217

Indications for intubation and tracheotomy, by G. B. Trible 219

Report on methods of administration of and results obtained from

"salvarsan." Based upon the treatment of over 200 cases of syphilis

at the naval hospital, Mare Island, Cal., by J. A. Biello 221

Method used at naval hospital, Chelsea, Mass., by F. M. Furlong 225

Method used at naval hospital, Norfolk, Va., by W. M. Garton 225

Method used at naval hospital, New York, N. Y., by C. M. Oman 226

Distribution of tubercle bacilli in the sputa of tuberculous patients,

by R. W. King 227

United States Naval Medical School laboratories:

Specimens added to the helminthological collection, December, 1911-February,

1912 229

Specimens added to the pathological collection, December,

1911-February, 1912 231

Miscellaneous collection, December, 1911-February, 1912 231

Suggested devices:

An incubator for gelatine cultures, by F. L. Letts 233

Clinical notes:

Report of a case of perforation of the sigmoid by an ulcer, in a case

of dysentery (Flexner-Strong), by Raymond Spear and M. E. Higgins 235

Plastic operation of lip, by R. A. Bachmann 236

Removal of entire fibula, by J. L. Neilson 236

Frontal sinusitis, followed by double mastoiditis; operations, by G. B.

Trible 239

"Salvarsan " in syphilis, leprosy, and yaws, by W. M. Kerr

240

Two surgical cases occurring on the U. S. S. South Carolina, by R. B. Williams

242

1. Abscess of prostate, gangrene of scrotum, pyemia, death.

2. Tonsillitis; tonsillectomy, acute nephritis, uremia.

Surgical cases from the naval hospital, Norfolk, Va., by H. F. Strine

243

1. Lacerated kidney, nephrectomy.

2. Gastro-enterostomy.

3. Cholecystocolostomy; external biliary fistula; stricture of common duct.

4. Multiple abscess of liver.

Editorial comment:

Yellow fever on the Yorktown, by C. F. Stokes 249

The Naval Medical Bulletin 260

Hospital ships 250

Paresis and "line of duty " 253

Progress in medical sciences:

General medicine. — Relation of so-called Brill's disease to typhus

fever. Diagnostic importance of hemoptysis. Acute dilatation of the stomach in

pneumonia. Reaction induced by antityphoid vaccination, by A. W. Dunbar and J.

L. Neilfon 255

Surgery. —Organization of the medical service at the main dressing

station in battle, by H. G. Beyer. The error of overlooking ureteral or renal stones

under the diagnosis of appendicitis. The incision for lumbar

exposure of the kidney. Iodine as the sole dressing for operation

wounds. A review of recent methods for the radical cure of hernia. Studies in peritoneal

adhesions. The surgical treatment of colitis, by Raymond Spear and C. M. Oman

259

Hygiene and sanitation. —A symposium on the effects of athletics on

young men, by J. L. Neilson. Mosquito larvicides, by E. R. Stitt. Sur une cause

possible du gout empyreumatique de l'eau de boisson a bord des navires de

guerre, by C. L. Moran. Organic matter in expired air. Tests for freshness of

milk, by E. W. Brown. Experiments in book disinfection. The purification of

water by anhydrous chlorine. Oral hygiene (preliminary contribution on the care

of the mouth). On the survival of specific microorganisms in pupae and imagines

of musca domestica raised from experimentally infected larvae : Experiments

with B. typhosus. On the varieties of B. coli associated with the house fly, by

C. N. Fiske. 271

Tropical medicine. —A few words on the distribution of smallpox,

tuberculosis, and typhoid in the tropics. Do mosquitoes require blood as

nourishment in the development of their eggs? By E. R. Stitt 279

Pathology and bacteriology. —An attempt to differentiate the

diphtheroid group of organisms. The period of infectivity of the blood of

measles; an experimental demonstration of the presence of the virus of measles

in the mixed buccal and nasal secretions; the nature of the virus of measles; the

infectivity of the secretions and disquamating scales of measles. A new

conception of immunity. Complement in human serum, by M. E. Higgins 281

Medical zoology. —A comparative study of the ameba in the Manila water supply,

in the intestinal tract of healthy persons and in amebic dysentery. The Rocky

Mountain spotted fever tick, with special reference to the problems of its

control in Bitter Root Valley, Montana, by P. B. Garrison 283

Chemistry and pharmacy. —Some considerations on the absorption and excretion

of drugs. Detection of albumoses in urine. Estimation of free HC1 in gastric

contents by capillary method. Detection of albumin in urine by Merck's tablets.

Estimation of acetone in animal liquids. New test for bile in urine. Method for

determining formaldehyde. Indirect method for determining total volume of

gastric contents, by E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge 286

Eye, ear, nose, and throat.—Abscess of the nasal septum. Observations upon

the treatment of gonorrheal conjunctivitis in the adult, by E. M. Shipp 291

Reports and letters:

Yellow fever occurring on board the U. S. S. Yorktown at Guayaquil, Ecuador,

extracts from a report on cases of, by C. B. Camerer 295

Report on military surgery at Foochow, China, by J. G. Omelvena 300

Notes on Camp Meyer, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, by L. W. Johnson 303

Special report on the general surgical department, Naval Hospital,

Norfolk, Va. Anesthesia. Prophylaxis of wound infection. Appendicitis. Post-operative

treatment, by H. F. Strine 305

American Public Health Association meeting (abstract of report on), by W.

H. Short 309

Number 3

Preface v

Special articles:

Leprosy, with notes on, and illustrations of the cases as they occurred

in the Tumon Leper Colony, Guam, Marianas, during the months of October and

November, 1911, by W. M. Kerr, assistant surgeon, United States Navy 313

Photographs of lepers, by G. F. Cottle, passed assistant surgeon,

United States Navy 342

Vision in relation to marksmanship, by E. J. Grow, surgeon, United States

Navy 344

Technique of a Wassermann test in which guinea-pig complement is not required;

Emery technique; Noguchi reagents, by E. R. Stitt, medical inspector, United

States Navy 362

Some minor sanitary defects in modern battleships, and their correction,

by F. L. Pleadwell, surgeon, United States Navy 309

Additional report of cases with unusual symptoms caused by contact with

some unknown variety of jelly fish, by E. H. Old, passed assistant surgeon,

United States Navy 377

The effects of high temperature on the personnel of the fire rooms of

naval vessels with special reference to heat cramps (myalgia thermica), by W.

L. Mann, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 380

Detection of methyl alcohol, by C. Schaffer, hospital steward, United States

Navy 392

United States Naval Medical School laboratories:

Additions to the helminthological collection 395

Additions to the pathological collection 395

Additions to the miscellaneous collection 396

Suggested devices:

A bunk locker, a tray, and a bracket stool for use in sick bays and

wards of hospital ships, by E. M. Blackwell, surgeon, United States Navy 397

A method for use in opsonic index work and vaccine standardization, by R.

E. Weaver, hospital steward, United States Navy 398

Clinical notes:

A note on a case of fish poisoning in Guam, by W. M. Kerr, assistant

surgeon, United States Navy 401

Two cases of climatic bubo, by E. W. Phillips, assistant surgeon,

United States Navy 402

Rupture of the left kidney (nephrectomy), by A. M. Fauntleroy, surgeon,

United States Navy 404

Abscess of the liver in a young infant, by F. E. Sellers, passed

assistant surgeon, United States Navy 405

Appendectomy on a haemophiliac, by B. F. Jenness, passed assistant surgeon.

United States Navy 407

Editorial comment:

New accounting system at naval hospitals, by Surg. Gen. C. F. Stokes, United

States Navy 411

The relations of the American National Red Cross with the Medical

Department of the Navy in war 413

Progress in medical sciences:

General medicine. — Physical exercise and blood pressure. On the

identity of typhus fever and Brill's disease. Studies on the virus of typhus,

by A. W. Dunbar and J. L. Neilson 417

Surgery.— The prevention and treatment of ventral hernia. Technique and

remote results of vascular anastomoses. Accidents and deaths from exploratory

puncture of the pleura. The control of bleeding in brain operations. Surgical

pathology of the stomach and duodenum, by R. Spear and C. M. Oman 421

Hygiene and sanitation.— The physiological influence of ozone.

Influence of benzine, toluene, and light and heavy "benzines" on the

organism, by E. W. Brown. Disinfection experiments with perautan and paragan. A

new and rapid method of bacteriological water examination, its applicability to

the testing of filtered and well water. A mosquito larvacide disinfectant and

the methods of its standardization. The sterilization of milk bottles with

calcium hypochlorite. Apyrexial malaria carriers, by H. G. Beyer and O. N.

Kiske 431

Tropical medicine. — Cell-inclusions in the blood of a case of

blackwater fever. The estimation of the specific gravity of the blood and its

value in the treatment of cholera, by E. R. Stitt 436

Pathology and bacteriology.— A study of 35 strains of streptococci

isolated from samples of milk, by C. N. Fiske. Method for the quantitative determination

of fecal bacteria, by E. W. Brown. Pure cultivation of

spirochieta refringens, by M. E. Higgins 438

Chemistry and pharmacy. —On the diagnostic value of colloidal nitrogen

in the urine in cases of carcinoma. Determination of the quantity of residual

urine. Clarification of the urine in the estimation of sugar. On the excretion

of formaldehyde, ammonia, and hexamethylenamine. Organic compounds of the

aromatic series as cholagogucs, by E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge 439

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. — An operation for glaucoma. Notes from an Indian

eye clinic. In the report from the St. Louis Ophthalmological Society in a

discussion on the antiseptic and germicidal properties of the silver salts.

Notes of three cases illustrating infection of the accessory sinuses by entry

of water into the nose during bathing. Three cases of chronic suppurative

otitis media, by G. B. Trible 441

Reports and letters:

An account of the sinking of the Japanese battleship Hatsuse in the

late Russo-Japanese war, by F. L. Pleadwell, surgeon, United States Navy.. 447

Organization, camp management, and sanitation in effect at the marine barracks,

Camp Elliott, Isthmus Canal Zone, Panama, April 15, 1910, to February 26, 1912,

by S. D. Butler, major, United States Marine Corps.. 458

Sanitary conditions in Samoa, by R. U. Reed, passed assistant surgeon, United

States Navy 462

Sanitary conditions in Guam, by C. P. Kindleberger, surgeon, United

States Navy 464

Number 4

Preface v

Special articles

A description of recent hospital construction in the United States

Navy, by A. W. Dunbar, surgeon, United States Navy 473

A few general principles of hospital construction, by F. W. Southworth,

S. B., architect 523

Ventilation of warships, by R. H. Robinson, naval constructor, United States

Navy 529

Plans and description of a hospital ship for the United States Navy, by

E. M. Blackwell, surgeon, United States Navy 539

A report on the prevalence of framboesia (yaws) in Guam, and its

connection with the etiology of gangosa, by W. M. Kerr, assistant surgeon,

United States Navy 549

Diagnosis and dosage in hookworm cases in the Navy, by J. F. Leys,

surgeon, United States Navy 552

Nitrous oxide-oxygen anesthesia, by H. F. Strine, surgeon, United

States Navy 555

A theoretical discussion of the character and genesis of thermic

myospasms, with further observations on myalgia thermica, by W. L. Mann, passed

assistant surgeon. United States Navy 558

Eight hundred and twenty complement-fixation tests on 461 patients, by E.

P. Huff, passed assistant surgeon. United States Navy 562

United States Naval Medical School laboratories:

Additions to the helminthological collection 575

Additions to the pathological collection 575

Additions to the miscellaneous collection 575

Suggested devices:

A simple method of securing shelf-bottle stoppers during target

practice, by H. S. Coombs, hospital apprentice, first class. United States

Navy. . . . 577

The rat guard used in the Philippine Islands, by C. Fox, passed assistant

surgeon, United States Public Health Service 577

Clinical notes:

Case reports from the United States naval hospital, Philadelphia, by G.

B. Crow, L. W. Johnson, A. J. Toulon, and C. W. Smith, passed assistant surgeons,

United States Navy 579

A case of very large stone in kidney without acute symptoms.

Pneumonia following an injury.

The effect of salvarsan on the average number of sick days from

syphilis.

A case of extensive adenocarcinoma.

A case of exceptionally severe syphilitic Irido-cyclltis with marked

changes in the interior of the eye and total loss of light perception.

An interesting case of gunshot wound, by J. M. Minter, passed assistant

surgeon, United States Navy 584

Fracture of humerus by muscular action, by R. G . Davis, assistant

surgeon, United States Navy 585

Editorial comment :

Participation of Medical Officers in Professional Conferences 587

Sight tests for seamen 588

Recent legislation affecting the Medical Department of the Navy 589

Naval Hospital Corps 590

Progress in medical sciences:

General medicine. —Bier's hypersemic treatment in gonorrhceal epididymitis,

by C. N . Fiske. Normal human blood serum in obstetric practice. The cutaneous

reaction of syphilis. Clinical experience with neosalvarsan. By A. W. Dunbar

and J. L. Neilson 591

Surgery. — Local anesthesia in traumatic surgery. Surgery of the bile

ducts. Vanadium steel bone plates and screws. Observations on the diagnosis of

renal tuberculosis, the indications for nephrectomy in its treatment, and the

technic of the operation. Pyloroplasty. By R. Spear and C. M. Oman 596

Hygiene and sanitation. —Notes on the ventilation of troopships in the Tropics.

The structure and functions of the foot. By H. G. Beyer and C. N. Fiske 608

Tropical medicine. — The antineuritic bases of vegetable origin in

relation to beriberi, with a method of isolation of torulin, the antineuritic

base of yeast, by J. L. Neilson 609

Pathology and bacteriology. —Double-stain method for the polar bodies

of diphtheria bacilli, by O. G. Huge. The examination of diphtheria specimens;

a new technique in staining with toluidin blue. A critical

study of the organisms cultivated from the lesions of human leprosy,

with a consideration of their etiological significance. By M. E. Higgins 611

Medical zoology. — Trypanosoma rhodesiense, a second species of

trypanosome producing sleeping sickness in man, by J. L. Neilson 612

Chemistry and pharmacy.— Studies in bacterial metabolism, by C. N. Fiske.

The definition of normal urine. The estimation of indican in urine. A new

method for the determination of total nitrogen in urine.

On the determination of ammonia in urine. By E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge

613

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Tonsillectomy with consideration of its

complications. Protargol in antisepsis of the visual apparatus. The trachoma

question. Keratitis as a cause of myopia. By G. B. Trible 617

Reports and letters:

Fourth Provisional Regiment, United States Marines, Camp Thomas, North

Island, San Diego, Cal., by R. E. Hoyt, passed assistant surgeon, United States

Navy 623

Marine Expeditionary Force, Pekin, China, by R. B. Henry, assistant surgeon,

United States Navy 632

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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 3, Nos. 1-4, 1909

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1909

Language: eng

Table of Contents

Number 1

Preface vii

Special articles 1

The artificial illumination of naval vessels (a study in naval

hygiene), by J. D. Gatewood 1

A simple operation for hemorrhoids, by H. F. Hull 22

Suggested devices 25

A metal suspensory, by W. B. Grove 25

A short and accurate method of calculating the age in years and months,

by E. M. Brown 25

Card for index system to be used in preparing smooth quarterly form

"X" at recruiting stations, etc., by C. R. Keen 27

Clinical notes 29

A case of angina Ludovici, by W. S. Pugh 29

A case of Vincent's angina, by G. F. Clark 31

Rupture of the iris; two cases, by R. K. Riggs 32

Wood alcohol poisoning; 13 cases, 3 deaths, by R. A. Baehmann 33

A case of virulent chancroids, by D. C. Gather 36

A case of septicemia successfully treated with Steam's streptolytic

serum by M. F. Gates . 39

An unusual case of undescended testicle, by E. M. Brown 39

Current comment 41

United States Pharmacopeial Convention 41

Concerning extracts or abstracts for publication 4l

Measuring the height of recruits 43

Suggestions for the study of heat exhaustion 44

Perfected routine of dosage, etc., in the treatment of tuberculosis by

the administration of mercury, by B. L. Wright 46

Has the chemical examination of water practical value to the military medical

officer? by P. '.T'. Waldner 47

An aid in throat and laryngeal examinations, by E. M. Brown 50

Progress in medical sciences 51

Laboratory —An anatomical peculiarity noted in specimens of hook worm

from Culebra 51

Preliminary note on the lesions of anchylostomiasis in the intestines of

dogs, by O. J. Mink 51

Preliminary note on nematode found in the liver of a wild rat, by O.

J.Mink 52

Chemistry and pharmacy — Note on the disintegration of tablets;

influence of benzoic acid and benzoates on digestion and health: address on the

clinical examination of urine, with especial reference to estimation of urea;

determination of pepsin by the edestin test, E. W. Brown and P. J. Waldner 52

Surgery —Review of advances; the operative treatment of recent

fractures of the femoral shaft; the treatment of fractures by mobilization and massage;

has surgical treatment lessened mortality from appendicitis; when to operate

for appendicitis; diffuse septic peritonitis, due to appendicitis; local

anesthesia of a limb by venous transfusion after expulsion of blood; on

narcosis under an artificially restricted circulation; the correlation of

glands with internal secretion; improved technique for the detection of

tubercle bacilli in the urine; relief of the wounded during battle, H. C. Curl

and H. W. Smith 54

Pathology and bacteriology —On the so-called fatty degeneration of the adrenals;

three cases of squamous celled carcinoma of the gall bladder; the practical

value of the demonstration of spirochaeta pallida in the early diagnosis of

syphilis; C. 8. Butler and O. J. Mink 65

Medical zoology — Plague in ground squirrels (a review); the prevalence

and distribution of the animal parasites of man in the Philippine Islands, with

a consideration of their possible influence on the public'

health; preliminary note on a protozoan in yaws; the intestinal protozoa

of man, R. C. Holcomb • 67

Tropical medicine — Ankylostomiasis in the Tropics; bilharziasis among women

and girls in Egypt; a report of several cases with unusual symptoms caused by

contact with some unknown variety of jellyfish; the diagnosis of latent

malaria; haemolysins and antihaemolytic substances in the blood of malarial

patients, E. R. Stitt 73

General medicine —The direct inspection of the gastric mucous membrane;

toxemia from the standpoint of perverted metabolism; a rapid method of

test-meal removal, lavage, and inflation; the therapeutics of diseases which

involve the internal secretions (mercury in the treatment of tuberculosis — its

mode of action —a warning); Flexner's serum in the treatment of epidemic

cerebrospinal meningitis; vascular crises; the curative influence of extracts

of leucocytes upon infections in animals, R. M. Kennedy 77

Hygiene and sanitation —Koch's standpoint with reference to the

question of the relation between human and bovine tuberculosis; the prevention of

tuberculosis; tropical lands and white races; sanitary report of the operations

of the naval expeditionary corps (German) in southwest Africa and in east

Africa; growth and naval military service; a study in measurements of cadets at

the naval school; on growth in height of youths serving their time in the army;

the value of fencing as a sport from hygienic and ethical point* of view; on-

the significance of the ophthalmo-reaction for the army; hematuria caused by a

parasite akin to bilharzia; the complex nature of typhoid etiology and the role

played by animals and man in the spread of the typhoid group of diseases; amoebae

carriers, H. G. Beyer 90

Reports and letters 195

Annual meeting of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Alrik Hammar,

delegate 105

Report of an epidemic of typhoid on the U.S.S. Maine, by M. S.

Elliott. 106

Report of an epidemic of grippe on the U. S. S. Charleston, by M. F.

Gates. 109

Number 2

Preface vii

Special articles 111

The treatment of tuberculosis and the results observed during the year 1908

(at the United States Naval Hospital, Las Animas, Colo.), by B. L. Wright 111

Laboratory studies and observations during the year 1908 (at the United

States Naval Hospital, Las Animas, Colo.), by A. B. Clifford 114

Tonsillar hypertrophy; a menace to the service, by B. F. Jenness 120

The ice bag in the treatment of typhoid fever, by G. Tucker Smith 122

Treatment of typhoid fever by colon irrigations, by the late C. G.

Alderman 124

Suggested devices 129

Description of a pit incinerator furnace, by R. C. Holcomb 129

Clinical notes 131

Report of a case of malignant endocarditis, following chancroid, by I.

Franklin Cohn 131

A case of multiple infected wounds from bear bite, by C. C. Grieve 132

A case presenting successive liver abscesses, by H. C. Curl and H. W. Smith

134

Cerebro-spinal fever, by J. G. Field 135

Current comment 141

Gangosa in Haiti 141

Hookworm disease in recruits from the Southern States 141

Care of ears and eyes in the Japanese navy 142

The question of ear protection in the British navy 142

Report relative to a series of experiments conducted on board the U. S.

S. Ohio during target practice, with "Plasticine" for the protection

of the ear drums during heavy gun fire, by W. M. Garton 142

Hygienic rules, with particular reference to venereal prophylaxis, in

the Austro-Hungarian navy 144

Experiments with gonococcic vaccine, by W. M. Garton 145

Thyroidal enlargement among applicants for enlistment in the Northwest,

by W. A. Angwin 147

Progress in medical sciences 148

Laboratory — Sterilization of catgut, by H. W. Smith 148

Chemistry and pharmacy — Fluidglycerates, pharmaceutical and physiological

aspect; the importance and significance of the chemical examination of the

gastric contents after a test meal, with a new method for estimating the

ferment activity of the gastric contents; demonstrations of enzymes and

antienzymes; studies on the chemistry of anaphylaxis; the clinical value of

viscosity determination; the viscosity of the blood; the detection and

quantitative determination of B-oxybutyric acid in the urine; a new method for

the quantitative estimation of albumin in the urine; concerning the diagnostic

value of Cammidge crystals in pancreatic diseases, E. W. Brown and P. J.

Waldner 150

Surgery — Review of advances; cerebral decompression; operative treatment

of acute gonorrheal epididymitis; appendectomy in diffuse septic peritonitis;

concerning technique of skin grafting; treatment of hypertrophy of the prostate

by injections of alien blood; the value of the Cammidge reaction in the diagnosis

of pancreatic disease; the Cammidge reaction in experimental pancreatitis; the

syphilis case sheet; the thymus in Basedow's disease; the effect of mammalian

pituitary on tetany after parathyreoidectomy, and upon the pupil; hemorrhage in

jaundice controlled by blood transfusion; on the haematogenic origin of

purulent nephritis through the staphylococcus; the snapping hip; three cases of

liver abscess treated by aspiration and injection of quinine, H. C. Curl and H.

\V. Smith: 156

Pathology and bacteriology — Widal’s

reaction with sterilized cultures; a new medium for typhoid work; report on a

further series of blood cultures from seventy-four cases of typhoid and

paratyphoid fever; the histology of liver tissue regeneration; typhoid bacilli

and gall bladder; the occurrence and distribution of the spirochaeta pallida in

congenital syphilis; experiments on the differentiation of cholera and

cholera-like vitrios by complement fixation;

C. S. Butler and O. J. Mink 166

Medical zoology —What is "schistosoma mansoni;" pulmonary

bilharziasis; filariasis and elephantiasis in southern Luzon; the diagnosis of African

tick fever from the examination of the blood; the parasite of

Kula Azar and allied organisms; a new human nematode-strongylus gibsoni;

report of the Permanent Commission for the Suppression of Uncinariasis; on the

supposed occurrence of the filaria immitis in man, R. C. Holcomb 174

Tropical medicine —An inquiry concerning the etiology of beriberi; have

trypanosomes an ultramicroscopical stage in their life history?; atoxyl as a

curative agent in malaria, E. R. Stitt 179

General medicine —The treatment of acute inflammatory conditions by

Bier's hypertemia; treatment of tetanus with subarachnoid injections of

magnesium sulphate; the serum diagnosis of syphilis; tubercle bacilli in the

sputum; a summary of the most recently published work on the doctrine of

opsonins; experimental investigation on "simple continued fever," H.

M. Kennedy 182

Hygiene and sanitation —On the application of heat for the purification

of water with troops in the field; catarrhal icterus of eberthian origin; the epidemic

of typhoid fever on H. M. S. Regina Elena; the treatment of sweat-foot in the

army; a contribution to our knowledge of the spread of cerebro-spinal

meningitis; on book disinfection on the large scale; the etiology of impetigo

contagiosa; tuberculosis in the British army and its prevention; symptoms that

may be attributed to soldering with the oxyhydrogen

flame; tactics and the health of the army, H. G. Beyer 189

Reports and letters 203

Seventeenth annual meeting of the Association of Military Surgeons,

Manley H. Simons, delegate 203

Report and recommendations of a board of officers, convened at the navy-yard,

Mare Island, Cal., on the precautionary methods to be taken to prevent the invasion of bubonic

plague at that station 205

Number 3

Preface VII

Special articles 211

Notes on the treatment of elephantiasis by the internal administration

of tinctuia ferri cbloridi, by P. S. Rossiter 211

A few notes on syphilis, by W. J. Zalesky 215

A note on the pathology of epidemic asthma, by O. J. Mink 222

Report on sixteen cases of heat prostration, with remarks on etiology,

by A. G. Grunwell 223

Reviews 231

Liver abscess from the point of view of etiology and prophylaxis; pathology

and differential diagnosis; and treatment (3 papers), by G. B. Crow,, J. A. B.

Sinclair, and J. F. Cottle 231

Suggested devices 245

Appliances improvised on sick bay bunks, by C. M. De Valin 245

Clinical notes 247

A case of fracture of patella, with operation at sea, by N. J.

Blackwood.. 247

A case of n current nasal hemorrhage, by Raymond Spear 250

A case of traumatic pneumonia, by C. F. Sterne 252

A case of liver abscess, by M. A. Stuart 254

Current comment 255

Hospital corps efficiency report 255

Physical defects found on reexamination of recruits 255

Some observations on the berthing of enlisted men of the navy, with suggestions

for improvement, by L. W. Curtis 256

The value of a chemical examination of water, by E. R. Noyes 257

Progress in medical sciences 267

Laboratory —A method for the preparation of flat worms for study, by O.

J. Mink and A. H. Ebeling .. 267

The formalin method for the clinical estimation of ammonia in the

urine, by E. W. Brown 269

Bang's method for estimation of sugar in the urine; the Edestin method for

the estimation of pepsin in stomach contents 273

Chemistry and pharmacy — Concerning the fractional precipitation of

albumin in the spinal fluid of normal cases luetics, functional and organic nervous

diseases and their bearing upon the differential diagnosis of dementia

paralytica, tabes dorsalis, tertiary and late syphilis; quantitative determination

of several sugars in the presence of each other in diabetic urines; the butyric

reaction for syphilis in man and in the monkey; excretion of amino acids in

pregnancy and after parturition; the relation between the protein content of

the blood serum and that of serous fluids; the further separation of antitoxin

from its associated proteins in horse serum, E. W. Brown and P. J. Waldner...276-279

Surgery —The Hodgen splint; surgical anemia and resuscitation; mechanism

underlying artificial respiration; a new theory of surgical shock; carbon

dioxide snow in the treatment of augioma; bursitis subacromialis, or

periarthritis of the shoulder joint; report on the local anesthetics recommended

as substitutes for cocaine; further researches on the etiology of endemic

goiter; auto- and iso-transplantation, in dogs, of the parathyroid glandules;

partial, progressive, and complete occlusion of the aorta and other large

arteries in the dog by means of the metal band; C. F. Stokes, R. Spear, and H.

W. Smith 279-289

Pathology and bacteriology —A simple method for the diagnosis of

syphilis; differential methods for detecting the typhoid bacilli in infected

water and milk; a peculiar intralobular cirrhosis of the liver produced by the protozoal

parasite of kala azar; the pathological anatomy of atoxyl poisoning; an

observation on the fate of B. Bulgaricus in the digestive tract of a monkey; a

contribution to the pathology of the spleen; a note, on the histology of a caue

of myelomatosis with Bence-Jones protein in

the urine; a new method for the recognition of indol in media; the rapid

diagnosis of rabies (a new stain for negri bodies); C. S. Butler and O. J. Mink

289-297

Medical zoology —Anew intestinal trematodeof man; some applications of the

precipitin reaction in the diagnosis of hydatid disease; bilharzia, hematobia,

and circumcision; trichocephaliasis; R. C. Holcomb ...... 297-306

Tropical medicine — Rice and beriberi; on the etiology of ulcerative

granuloma of the pudenda; amaebic dysentery with abscess of the liver in a patient

who had never been out of England; E. R. Stitt 306-308

General medicine —The dietetic treatment of diabetes; artificial

hyperemia in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis; remarks on the treatment of

gastric ulcer by immediate feeding; present status of the tuberculin tests; T.

W. Richards S0S-315

Hygiene and sanitation — On 'a new and practical method of securing bodily

cleanliness for our men on board ship; on the heat-conducting power of linoleum

as compared to that of floors made of wood or of

betone; on the discrimination of unrecognized diseases and on a disease

of overcrowding in ships, especially at

Malta; H. G. Beyer 315-320

Reports and letters 321

Guam; reports on health and sanitation for the years 1907 and 1908, by F.

E. McCullough and G. L. Angeny. 321

Number 4

Preface vii

Special articles 335

The hospital camp at Norfolk, Va., by P. A. Lovering 335

The teaching of tropical medicine outside of the Tropics, by E. R.

Stitt 308

Ethyl chloride as a general anaesthetic, by L. W. Johnson 344

Chronic nephritis in recruits, by B. F. Jenness 347

Supplementary report on the investigation of Samoan conjunctivitis, by P.

S. Rossiter 349

Points on embalming practicable on board ship, by C. Schaffer 351

Reviews 355

Surgical shock; a review of recent literature, by H. W. Smith 355

Suggested devices 365

Installation of an X-ray apparatus on the U. S. S. Maryland, by A.

Farenholt 365

Method of fumigation of vessels at Hamburg 368

An oxygen apparatus 370

An easily constructed bunk tray, by C. M. Oman 371

Clinical notes 373

Operations upon the kidney. United States naval hospital, New York, by G.

T. Smith 373

A report on two cases of dentigerous cysts, by D. N. Carpenter 374

A case of mammary development in the male, by E. M. Brown 376

Operative treatment of epididymitis, by W. S. Pugh, Jr 376

Two cases from report of U. S. S. Hancock—1908: (1) Retinal hemorrhage,

(2) myocarditis with rupture, by P. Leach 377

A case of fracture of the skull; operation and recovery, by F. W. F.

Wieber. 378

Carron oil in the treatment of otitis media suppurativa (acuta), by R.

E. Riggs 379

Fracture of skull and gunshot wound of lung, with recovery, by W. S.

Pugh, Jr ..... 381

Two unusual appendix cases, by R. R. Richardson 382

Proctoclysis in typhoid fever, by C. F. Stokes 384

Current comment 385

Subscription price of the Bulletin 385

Note on New York Post-Graduate Medical School 385

Note on contributions to the Bulletin 385

Note on annual meeting of American Medical Association on revision of pharmacopeia

386

Note on inquiry concerning clothing in the Tropics 386

Note on publicity concerning venereal disease in California 387

Review of Gatewood's Naval Hygiene 387

Note on the work at Tay Tay 388

Medical examination of army recruits, by A. E. Peck 389

Notes on the treatment of syphilis, by W. S. Hoen 391

Views on the treatment of typhoid fever, by H. A. May 393

Progress in medical sciences 397

Laboratory —Benedict's method for the estimation of glucose in the

urine; estimation of uric acid in the urine, Folin-Schaffer; clinical method

for the estimation of uric acid, modification of the Folin-Schaffer process; test

for blood in the urine; two methods for the estimation of albumin in the urine,

by O. J. Mink and E. W. Brown 397

Chemistry and pharmacy —The excretion in urine of sugars other than

glucose; experiments and experiences, pharmacological and clinical, with

digitalis, squill, and strophanthus; a reagent for the detection of reducing

sugars; on the antagonism of alcohol to carbolic acid ; the antitoxic activity

of iodine in tuberculosis; new experiments on the physiological action of

sulphuric ether; contribution to the physiology of the glands —further

contributions on the function of the spleen as an organ of iron metabolism;

modifications in the chemical composition of the blood serum in victims of

carbon dioxide poisoning, by P. J. Waldnerand C. Schaffer 402

Pathology and bacteriology —Studies on typhoid fever; chloroform

poisoning — liver necrosis and repair; the importance of blood cultures in the

study of infections of otitic origin; the cultivation of the spirocheeta

pallidum; the cultivation of the bacillus leprae; the chemistry of the liver in

chloroform necrosis; the present status of the whooping-cough question; the

conveyance of whooping cough from man to animals by direct experiment; serology

of syphilis, by C. S. Butler and O. J. Mink 407

Medical zoology — Schistosomiasis at Bahia; contribution to the study

of schistosomiasis in Bahia, Brazil; notes on malaria and kala-azar; endemic

amoebic dysentery in New York, with a review of its istribution in North America; filaria

(microfilaria) philippinensis; the distribution of filaria in the Philippine

Islands; acariens and cancers—acariens and leprosy; necator americanus in

Ceylon; anaemia due to trichocephalus dispar; study of the protozoa of J. H.

Wright in sixteen cases of Aleppo boil, by R. C. Holcomb 411

Tropical medicine — Infantile kala-azar; on the identity of beri-beri

and epidemic dropsy; Malta fever in South Africa; leprosy in the Philippine

Islands and its treatment; the various types of plague and their clinical

manifestations, by C. S. Butler 417

Hygiene and sanitation —The means by which infectious diseases are

transmitted; a critical study of the value of the measurements of chest expansion

and lung capacity; notes on the sanitation of yellow fever and malaria; the

house fly as a disease carrier, by H. G. Beyer 419

General medicine —A study of the aural and laryngeal complications of

typhoid fever, especially as observed in hospital practice; the problem of

cancer considered from the standpoint of immunity; nine cases of typhoid fever

treated with an antiendotoxic serum, by T. W. Richards 425

Surgery —Some practical points in the application of the bismuth paste

in chronic suppurative diseases; the sequence of the pathological changes in appendiceal

peritonitis; direct blood transfusion by means of paraffin-coated glass tubes;

the use of animal membrane in producing mobility in ankylosed joints, by C. F.

Stokes and R. Spear 431

Reports and letters 489

American Medical Association, by M. F. Gates 439

Report on the Second International Conference for Revision of Nomenclature

of Diseases and Causes of Death, by F. L. Pleadwell 445

Report upon medical relief measures at Messina, Sicily, by M. Donelson.

. 449

Reports of medical relief measures at Adana, Turkey, by J. T. Miller

and L. W. McGuire 452