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At home

Córdoba. Spain

14 January 2013

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This image is taken from United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 3, Nos. 1-4, 1909 by Medical Heritage Library, Inc.

3

Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive

Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 3, Nos. 1-4, 1909

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1909

Language: eng

Table of Contents

Number 1

Preface vii

Special articles 1

The artificial illumination of naval vessels (a study in naval

hygiene), by J. D. Gatewood 1

A simple operation for hemorrhoids, by H. F. Hull 22

Suggested devices 25

A metal suspensory, by W. B. Grove 25

A short and accurate method of calculating the age in years and months,

by E. M. Brown 25

Card for index system to be used in preparing smooth quarterly form

"X" at recruiting stations, etc., by C. R. Keen 27

Clinical notes 29

A case of angina Ludovici, by W. S. Pugh 29

A case of Vincent's angina, by G. F. Clark 31

Rupture of the iris; two cases, by R. K. Riggs 32

Wood alcohol poisoning; 13 cases, 3 deaths, by R. A. Baehmann 33

A case of virulent chancroids, by D. C. Gather 36

A case of septicemia successfully treated with Steam's streptolytic

serum by M. F. Gates . 39

An unusual case of undescended testicle, by E. M. Brown 39

Current comment 41

United States Pharmacopeial Convention 41

Concerning extracts or abstracts for publication 4l

Measuring the height of recruits 43

Suggestions for the study of heat exhaustion 44

Perfected routine of dosage, etc., in the treatment of tuberculosis by

the administration of mercury, by B. L. Wright 46

Has the chemical examination of water practical value to the military medical

officer? by P. '.T'. Waldner 47

An aid in throat and laryngeal examinations, by E. M. Brown 50

Progress in medical sciences 51

Laboratory —An anatomical peculiarity noted in specimens of hook worm

from Culebra 51

Preliminary note on the lesions of anchylostomiasis in the intestines of

dogs, by O. J. Mink 51

Preliminary note on nematode found in the liver of a wild rat, by O.

J.Mink 52

Chemistry and pharmacy — Note on the disintegration of tablets;

influence of benzoic acid and benzoates on digestion and health: address on the

clinical examination of urine, with especial reference to estimation of urea;

determination of pepsin by the edestin test, E. W. Brown and P. J. Waldner 52

Surgery —Review of advances; the operative treatment of recent

fractures of the femoral shaft; the treatment of fractures by mobilization and massage;

has surgical treatment lessened mortality from appendicitis; when to operate

for appendicitis; diffuse septic peritonitis, due to appendicitis; local

anesthesia of a limb by venous transfusion after expulsion of blood; on

narcosis under an artificially restricted circulation; the correlation of

glands with internal secretion; improved technique for the detection of

tubercle bacilli in the urine; relief of the wounded during battle, H. C. Curl

and H. W. Smith 54

Pathology and bacteriology —On the so-called fatty degeneration of the adrenals;

three cases of squamous celled carcinoma of the gall bladder; the practical

value of the demonstration of spirochaeta pallida in the early diagnosis of

syphilis; C. 8. Butler and O. J. Mink 65

Medical zoology — Plague in ground squirrels (a review); the prevalence

and distribution of the animal parasites of man in the Philippine Islands, with

a consideration of their possible influence on the public'

health; preliminary note on a protozoan in yaws; the intestinal protozoa

of man, R. C. Holcomb • 67

Tropical medicine — Ankylostomiasis in the Tropics; bilharziasis among women

and girls in Egypt; a report of several cases with unusual symptoms caused by

contact with some unknown variety of jellyfish; the diagnosis of latent

malaria; haemolysins and antihaemolytic substances in the blood of malarial

patients, E. R. Stitt 73

General medicine —The direct inspection of the gastric mucous membrane;

toxemia from the standpoint of perverted metabolism; a rapid method of

test-meal removal, lavage, and inflation; the therapeutics of diseases which

involve the internal secretions (mercury in the treatment of tuberculosis — its

mode of action —a warning); Flexner's serum in the treatment of epidemic

cerebrospinal meningitis; vascular crises; the curative influence of extracts

of leucocytes upon infections in animals, R. M. Kennedy 77

Hygiene and sanitation —Koch's standpoint with reference to the

question of the relation between human and bovine tuberculosis; the prevention of

tuberculosis; tropical lands and white races; sanitary report of the operations

of the naval expeditionary corps (German) in southwest Africa and in east

Africa; growth and naval military service; a study in measurements of cadets at

the naval school; on growth in height of youths serving their time in the army;

the value of fencing as a sport from hygienic and ethical point* of view; on-

the significance of the ophthalmo-reaction for the army; hematuria caused by a

parasite akin to bilharzia; the complex nature of typhoid etiology and the role

played by animals and man in the spread of the typhoid group of diseases; amoebae

carriers, H. G. Beyer 90

Reports and letters 195

Annual meeting of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Alrik Hammar,

delegate 105

Report of an epidemic of typhoid on the U.S.S. Maine, by M. S.

Elliott. 106

Report of an epidemic of grippe on the U. S. S. Charleston, by M. F.

Gates. 109

Number 2

Preface vii

Special articles 111

The treatment of tuberculosis and the results observed during the year 1908

(at the United States Naval Hospital, Las Animas, Colo.), by B. L. Wright 111

Laboratory studies and observations during the year 1908 (at the United

States Naval Hospital, Las Animas, Colo.), by A. B. Clifford 114

Tonsillar hypertrophy; a menace to the service, by B. F. Jenness 120

The ice bag in the treatment of typhoid fever, by G. Tucker Smith 122

Treatment of typhoid fever by colon irrigations, by the late C. G.

Alderman 124

Suggested devices 129

Description of a pit incinerator furnace, by R. C. Holcomb 129

Clinical notes 131

Report of a case of malignant endocarditis, following chancroid, by I.

Franklin Cohn 131

A case of multiple infected wounds from bear bite, by C. C. Grieve 132

A case presenting successive liver abscesses, by H. C. Curl and H. W. Smith

134

Cerebro-spinal fever, by J. G. Field 135

Current comment 141

Gangosa in Haiti 141

Hookworm disease in recruits from the Southern States 141

Care of ears and eyes in the Japanese navy 142

The question of ear protection in the British navy 142

Report relative to a series of experiments conducted on board the U. S.

S. Ohio during target practice, with "Plasticine" for the protection

of the ear drums during heavy gun fire, by W. M. Garton 142

Hygienic rules, with particular reference to venereal prophylaxis, in

the Austro-Hungarian navy 144

Experiments with gonococcic vaccine, by W. M. Garton 145

Thyroidal enlargement among applicants for enlistment in the Northwest,

by W. A. Angwin 147

Progress in medical sciences 148

Laboratory — Sterilization of catgut, by H. W. Smith 148

Chemistry and pharmacy — Fluidglycerates, pharmaceutical and physiological

aspect; the importance and significance of the chemical examination of the

gastric contents after a test meal, with a new method for estimating the

ferment activity of the gastric contents; demonstrations of enzymes and

antienzymes; studies on the chemistry of anaphylaxis; the clinical value of

viscosity determination; the viscosity of the blood; the detection and

quantitative determination of B-oxybutyric acid in the urine; a new method for

the quantitative estimation of albumin in the urine; concerning the diagnostic

value of Cammidge crystals in pancreatic diseases, E. W. Brown and P. J.

Waldner 150

Surgery — Review of advances; cerebral decompression; operative treatment

of acute gonorrheal epididymitis; appendectomy in diffuse septic peritonitis;

concerning technique of skin grafting; treatment of hypertrophy of the prostate

by injections of alien blood; the value of the Cammidge reaction in the diagnosis

of pancreatic disease; the Cammidge reaction in experimental pancreatitis; the

syphilis case sheet; the thymus in Basedow's disease; the effect of mammalian

pituitary on tetany after parathyreoidectomy, and upon the pupil; hemorrhage in

jaundice controlled by blood transfusion; on the haematogenic origin of

purulent nephritis through the staphylococcus; the snapping hip; three cases of

liver abscess treated by aspiration and injection of quinine, H. C. Curl and H.

\V. Smith: 156

Pathology and bacteriology — Widal’s

reaction with sterilized cultures; a new medium for typhoid work; report on a

further series of blood cultures from seventy-four cases of typhoid and

paratyphoid fever; the histology of liver tissue regeneration; typhoid bacilli

and gall bladder; the occurrence and distribution of the spirochaeta pallida in

congenital syphilis; experiments on the differentiation of cholera and

cholera-like vitrios by complement fixation;

C. S. Butler and O. J. Mink 166

Medical zoology —What is "schistosoma mansoni;" pulmonary

bilharziasis; filariasis and elephantiasis in southern Luzon; the diagnosis of African

tick fever from the examination of the blood; the parasite of

Kula Azar and allied organisms; a new human nematode-strongylus gibsoni;

report of the Permanent Commission for the Suppression of Uncinariasis; on the

supposed occurrence of the filaria immitis in man, R. C. Holcomb 174

Tropical medicine —An inquiry concerning the etiology of beriberi; have

trypanosomes an ultramicroscopical stage in their life history?; atoxyl as a

curative agent in malaria, E. R. Stitt 179

General medicine —The treatment of acute inflammatory conditions by

Bier's hypertemia; treatment of tetanus with subarachnoid injections of

magnesium sulphate; the serum diagnosis of syphilis; tubercle bacilli in the

sputum; a summary of the most recently published work on the doctrine of

opsonins; experimental investigation on "simple continued fever," H.

M. Kennedy 182

Hygiene and sanitation —On the application of heat for the purification

of water with troops in the field; catarrhal icterus of eberthian origin; the epidemic

of typhoid fever on H. M. S. Regina Elena; the treatment of sweat-foot in the

army; a contribution to our knowledge of the spread of cerebro-spinal

meningitis; on book disinfection on the large scale; the etiology of impetigo

contagiosa; tuberculosis in the British army and its prevention; symptoms that

may be attributed to soldering with the oxyhydrogen

flame; tactics and the health of the army, H. G. Beyer 189

Reports and letters 203

Seventeenth annual meeting of the Association of Military Surgeons,

Manley H. Simons, delegate 203

Report and recommendations of a board of officers, convened at the navy-yard,

Mare Island, Cal., on the precautionary methods to be taken to prevent the invasion of bubonic

plague at that station 205

Number 3

Preface VII

Special articles 211

Notes on the treatment of elephantiasis by the internal administration

of tinctuia ferri cbloridi, by P. S. Rossiter 211

A few notes on syphilis, by W. J. Zalesky 215

A note on the pathology of epidemic asthma, by O. J. Mink 222

Report on sixteen cases of heat prostration, with remarks on etiology,

by A. G. Grunwell 223

Reviews 231

Liver abscess from the point of view of etiology and prophylaxis; pathology

and differential diagnosis; and treatment (3 papers), by G. B. Crow,, J. A. B.

Sinclair, and J. F. Cottle 231

Suggested devices 245

Appliances improvised on sick bay bunks, by C. M. De Valin 245

Clinical notes 247

A case of fracture of patella, with operation at sea, by N. J.

Blackwood.. 247

A case of n current nasal hemorrhage, by Raymond Spear 250

A case of traumatic pneumonia, by C. F. Sterne 252

A case of liver abscess, by M. A. Stuart 254

Current comment 255

Hospital corps efficiency report 255

Physical defects found on reexamination of recruits 255

Some observations on the berthing of enlisted men of the navy, with suggestions

for improvement, by L. W. Curtis 256

The value of a chemical examination of water, by E. R. Noyes 257

Progress in medical sciences 267

Laboratory —A method for the preparation of flat worms for study, by O.

J. Mink and A. H. Ebeling .. 267

The formalin method for the clinical estimation of ammonia in the

urine, by E. W. Brown 269

Bang's method for estimation of sugar in the urine; the Edestin method for

the estimation of pepsin in stomach contents 273

Chemistry and pharmacy — Concerning the fractional precipitation of

albumin in the spinal fluid of normal cases luetics, functional and organic nervous

diseases and their bearing upon the differential diagnosis of dementia

paralytica, tabes dorsalis, tertiary and late syphilis; quantitative determination

of several sugars in the presence of each other in diabetic urines; the butyric

reaction for syphilis in man and in the monkey; excretion of amino acids in

pregnancy and after parturition; the relation between the protein content of

the blood serum and that of serous fluids; the further separation of antitoxin

from its associated proteins in horse serum, E. W. Brown and P. J. Waldner...276-279

Surgery —The Hodgen splint; surgical anemia and resuscitation; mechanism

underlying artificial respiration; a new theory of surgical shock; carbon

dioxide snow in the treatment of augioma; bursitis subacromialis, or

periarthritis of the shoulder joint; report on the local anesthetics recommended

as substitutes for cocaine; further researches on the etiology of endemic

goiter; auto- and iso-transplantation, in dogs, of the parathyroid glandules;

partial, progressive, and complete occlusion of the aorta and other large

arteries in the dog by means of the metal band; C. F. Stokes, R. Spear, and H.

W. Smith 279-289

Pathology and bacteriology —A simple method for the diagnosis of

syphilis; differential methods for detecting the typhoid bacilli in infected

water and milk; a peculiar intralobular cirrhosis of the liver produced by the protozoal

parasite of kala azar; the pathological anatomy of atoxyl poisoning; an

observation on the fate of B. Bulgaricus in the digestive tract of a monkey; a

contribution to the pathology of the spleen; a note, on the histology of a caue

of myelomatosis with Bence-Jones protein in

the urine; a new method for the recognition of indol in media; the rapid

diagnosis of rabies (a new stain for negri bodies); C. S. Butler and O. J. Mink

289-297

Medical zoology —Anew intestinal trematodeof man; some applications of the

precipitin reaction in the diagnosis of hydatid disease; bilharzia, hematobia,

and circumcision; trichocephaliasis; R. C. Holcomb ...... 297-306

Tropical medicine — Rice and beriberi; on the etiology of ulcerative

granuloma of the pudenda; amaebic dysentery with abscess of the liver in a patient

who had never been out of England; E. R. Stitt 306-308

General medicine —The dietetic treatment of diabetes; artificial

hyperemia in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis; remarks on the treatment of

gastric ulcer by immediate feeding; present status of the tuberculin tests; T.

W. Richards S0S-315

Hygiene and sanitation — On 'a new and practical method of securing bodily

cleanliness for our men on board ship; on the heat-conducting power of linoleum

as compared to that of floors made of wood or of

betone; on the discrimination of unrecognized diseases and on a disease

of overcrowding in ships, especially at

Malta; H. G. Beyer 315-320

Reports and letters 321

Guam; reports on health and sanitation for the years 1907 and 1908, by F.

E. McCullough and G. L. Angeny. 321

Number 4

Preface vii

Special articles 335

The hospital camp at Norfolk, Va., by P. A. Lovering 335

The teaching of tropical medicine outside of the Tropics, by E. R.

Stitt 308

Ethyl chloride as a general anaesthetic, by L. W. Johnson 344

Chronic nephritis in recruits, by B. F. Jenness 347

Supplementary report on the investigation of Samoan conjunctivitis, by P.

S. Rossiter 349

Points on embalming practicable on board ship, by C. Schaffer 351

Reviews 355

Surgical shock; a review of recent literature, by H. W. Smith 355

Suggested devices 365

Installation of an X-ray apparatus on the U. S. S. Maryland, by A.

Farenholt 365

Method of fumigation of vessels at Hamburg 368

An oxygen apparatus 370

An easily constructed bunk tray, by C. M. Oman 371

Clinical notes 373

Operations upon the kidney. United States naval hospital, New York, by G.

T. Smith 373

A report on two cases of dentigerous cysts, by D. N. Carpenter 374

A case of mammary development in the male, by E. M. Brown 376

Operative treatment of epididymitis, by W. S. Pugh, Jr 376

Two cases from report of U. S. S. Hancock—1908: (1) Retinal hemorrhage,

(2) myocarditis with rupture, by P. Leach 377

A case of fracture of the skull; operation and recovery, by F. W. F.

Wieber. 378

Carron oil in the treatment of otitis media suppurativa (acuta), by R.

E. Riggs 379

Fracture of skull and gunshot wound of lung, with recovery, by W. S.

Pugh, Jr ..... 381

Two unusual appendix cases, by R. R. Richardson 382

Proctoclysis in typhoid fever, by C. F. Stokes 384

Current comment 385

Subscription price of the Bulletin 385

Note on New York Post-Graduate Medical School 385

Note on contributions to the Bulletin 385

Note on annual meeting of American Medical Association on revision of pharmacopeia

386

Note on inquiry concerning clothing in the Tropics 386

Note on publicity concerning venereal disease in California 387

Review of Gatewood's Naval Hygiene 387

Note on the work at Tay Tay 388

Medical examination of army recruits, by A. E. Peck 389

Notes on the treatment of syphilis, by W. S. Hoen 391

Views on the treatment of typhoid fever, by H. A. May 393

Progress in medical sciences 397

Laboratory —Benedict's method for the estimation of glucose in the

urine; estimation of uric acid in the urine, Folin-Schaffer; clinical method

for the estimation of uric acid, modification of the Folin-Schaffer process; test

for blood in the urine; two methods for the estimation of albumin in the urine,

by O. J. Mink and E. W. Brown 397

Chemistry and pharmacy —The excretion in urine of sugars other than

glucose; experiments and experiences, pharmacological and clinical, with

digitalis, squill, and strophanthus; a reagent for the detection of reducing

sugars; on the antagonism of alcohol to carbolic acid ; the antitoxic activity

of iodine in tuberculosis; new experiments on the physiological action of

sulphuric ether; contribution to the physiology of the glands —further

contributions on the function of the spleen as an organ of iron metabolism;

modifications in the chemical composition of the blood serum in victims of

carbon dioxide poisoning, by P. J. Waldnerand C. Schaffer 402

Pathology and bacteriology —Studies on typhoid fever; chloroform

poisoning — liver necrosis and repair; the importance of blood cultures in the

study of infections of otitic origin; the cultivation of the spirocheeta

pallidum; the cultivation of the bacillus leprae; the chemistry of the liver in

chloroform necrosis; the present status of the whooping-cough question; the

conveyance of whooping cough from man to animals by direct experiment; serology

of syphilis, by C. S. Butler and O. J. Mink 407

Medical zoology — Schistosomiasis at Bahia; contribution to the study

of schistosomiasis in Bahia, Brazil; notes on malaria and kala-azar; endemic

amoebic dysentery in New York, with a review of its istribution in North America; filaria

(microfilaria) philippinensis; the distribution of filaria in the Philippine

Islands; acariens and cancers—acariens and leprosy; necator americanus in

Ceylon; anaemia due to trichocephalus dispar; study of the protozoa of J. H.

Wright in sixteen cases of Aleppo boil, by R. C. Holcomb 411

Tropical medicine — Infantile kala-azar; on the identity of beri-beri

and epidemic dropsy; Malta fever in South Africa; leprosy in the Philippine

Islands and its treatment; the various types of plague and their clinical

manifestations, by C. S. Butler 417

Hygiene and sanitation —The means by which infectious diseases are

transmitted; a critical study of the value of the measurements of chest expansion

and lung capacity; notes on the sanitation of yellow fever and malaria; the

house fly as a disease carrier, by H. G. Beyer 419

General medicine —A study of the aural and laryngeal complications of

typhoid fever, especially as observed in hospital practice; the problem of

cancer considered from the standpoint of immunity; nine cases of typhoid fever

treated with an antiendotoxic serum, by T. W. Richards 425

Surgery —Some practical points in the application of the bismuth paste

in chronic suppurative diseases; the sequence of the pathological changes in appendiceal

peritonitis; direct blood transfusion by means of paraffin-coated glass tubes;

the use of animal membrane in producing mobility in ankylosed joints, by C. F.

Stokes and R. Spear 431

Reports and letters 489

American Medical Association, by M. F. Gates 439

Report on the Second International Conference for Revision of Nomenclature

of Diseases and Causes of Death, by F. L. Pleadwell 445

Report upon medical relief measures at Messina, Sicily, by M. Donelson.

. 449

Reports of medical relief measures at Adana, Turkey, by J. T. Miller

and L. W. McGuire 452

If you have questions concerning reproductions, please contact the Contributing Library.

Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.

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Großer Ahornboden, Eng by riddance photography

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Seagull 4A, Fujicolor Pro 400H, Tetenal C41 Kit

Red Cross Gala-280 by RedCrossNY

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Photo Credit: John Eng, American Red Cross

11/11/11 h 11:11 by Max Maranza

4 25

[ENG]

Self portrait done in this peculiar and hystorical moment! Nothing outstanding, just a snapshot with a compact camera used at work.

Here it's my little contribution to this great and funny Flickr idea

If you like it, press F

wanna see it larger? Naaa, I don' think so...

[ITA]

Autoritratto auto-scattato in quel momento storico! Niente di eccezionale, solo un momento ripreso con una compattina che uso per lavoro.... L'idea è stata lanciata sul blog di Flickr, e mi è sembrata molto divertente! Questo è il mio contributo.

Se vi piace, premete F

se volete vederla meglio, lasciate perdere...

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I'm also on: Getty Images / 500px / Google Earth

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ENG_3918 by uwgradcomm

33

Canada Army Run 2010 "5 km" local results and photos - part B by Ian Hunter

11

For the 5 kilometre race results and photos...here are the local (Ottawa & area) participants -- sorted by cities and first name -- in the September 19, 2010, Canada Army Run held in Ottawa, Ontario.

Click here and enter the bib numbers for the full individual race results. Race photos here. (6,760 runners for the 5 km race)

Thank-you to Sportstats.

Part A. Ottawa (Click here.)

Part B. Other Communities (Alexandria to Navan) (see below)

Part C. Other Communities (Nepean to Woodlawn) (Click here.)

Part B:

9087…Amy Menard….. Alexandria

9197…Cindy Reilly….. Alexandria

7205…Claudia Marleau….. Alexandria

12448…Jeremy Quesnel….. Alexandria

8375…Joanne Quesnel….. Alexandria

7917…Julie St. Denis….. Alexandria

12384…Louise Menard….. Alexandria

9998…Natalie Bellefeuille….. Alexandria

14185…Sadie St. Denis….. Alexandria

9903…Sonny Menard….. Alexandria

8844…Jennifer Ellis….. Alfred

10971…Real Villemaire….. Alfred

7945…Amy Toderian….. Almonte

7495…Andrea Bird….. Almonte

11437…Annah Schulz….. Almonte

11992…Barbara Booth….. Almonte

9299…Beverley Toderian….. Almonte

7584…Bob Davidson….. Almonte

11357…Christina Humber….. Almonte

14124…Hannah Mcnaught….. Almonte

9939…Jaime Trtik….. Almonte

13762…Nancy Solowjew….. Almonte

11277…Robert Linkletter….. Almonte

9365…Sarah Seguin….. Almonte

7627…Serena Fortin….. Almonte

11558…Sheena Mclaren….. Almonte

9601…Stephen Cotnam….. Almonte

7913…Susan Snow….. Almonte

13995…Avery Burrowes….. Alymer

13996…Michel Burrowes….. Alymer

9951…Abby Durand….. Arnprior

10195…Amanda Laing….. Arnprior

14312…Anne Barrett….. Arnprior

9144…Broady O'gorman….. Arnprior

13383…Jacqueline Lavictoire….. Arnprior

9145…Jane O'gorman….. Arnprior

8092…Julie Reid….. Arnprior

12619…Kara Howarth….. Arnprior

9146…Keira O'gorman….. Arnprior

12164…Lisa Hordichuk….. Arnprior

9775…Lorraine Ramchandar….. Arnprior

9147…Michaela O'gorman….. Arnprior

10507…Mitchell Simmons….. Arnprior

10824…Pauline Denault….. Arnprior

9148…Peter O'gorman….. Arnprior

12620…Sheri Howarth….. Arnprior

11055…Sheri Simmons….. Arnprior

9755…Tanya Mulvihill….. Arnprior

12734…Walt Lushman….. Arnprior

12423…Benjamin Peterkins….. Ashton

11878…David Waddell….. Ashton

14629…Joanne Bowen….. Ashton

11879…Lorraine Waddell….. Ashton

12424…Tracy Peterkins….. Ashton

7665…Mattea Hartley….. Athens

7932…Meggen Swann….. Athens

7933…Richard Swann….. Athens

9121…Sharon Mustard….. Beachburg

14460…Connie Dorion….. Bourget

14618…Roch Dorion….. Bourget

10214…Susan Peeke….. Bourget

9600…Andrew Loughrin….. Brockville

8554…Cathy Denis….. Brockville

13451…Donna Macnabb-Pardy….. Brockville

8423…Gordon Mcfarlane….. Brockville

8571…Hannah Ryan Plotz….. Brockville

8212…Jennifer Steacy….. Brockville

12710…Natalie Elizabeth Hodgkinson….. Brockville

9736…Paige Young….. Brockville

8414…Richard Miller….. Brockville

9737…Tosha Weston….. Brockville

7840…Etienne Pariseau….. Cantley

12434…Lucie Bacon….. Cantley

10397…Marie-Claude Cote….. Cantley

9758…Marie-Josee Bedard….. Cantley

12707…Martin Dompierre….. Cantley

9687…Mylene Dube….. Cantley

12225…Patrice Quinn….. Cantley

13981…Pierre Bergeron….. Cantley

9757…Rafael Quinn….. Cantley

14013…Sophie Coupal….. Cantley

8308…Sydney Robertson….. Cantley

9686…Yan Paradis….. Cantley

7353…Elizabeth Bygott….. Cardinal

9216…Angela Rodgers….. Carleton Place

11080…Bill Bowers….. Carleton Place

10005…Bronte Vollebregt….. Carleton Place

11286…Cathy Gush….. Carleton Place

7822…Chad Norbraten….. Carleton Place

9341…Chantal Woolley….. Carleton Place

9029…Chris Loder….. Carleton Place

10125…Christian Lavigne….. Carleton Place

14296…David Brown-Smith….. Carleton Place

10488…David C. Macdonald….. Carleton Place

8429…David Walker….. Carleton place

11285…Elizabeth Mitchell….. Carleton Place

9030…Emma Loder….. Carleton Place

9217…Jason Rodgers….. Carleton Place

4338…Jennifer Cox….. Carleton Place

12451…Jennifer Kennedy….. Carleton Place

12618…Jennifer Paulin….. Carleton Place

10452…Karen Peckover….. Carleton Place

8251…Laura Scott….. Carleton Place

7615…Lee Ekstrom….. Carleton Place

14047…Leslie Garagan….. Carleton Place

9031…Linda Loder….. Carleton Place

8479…Linda Wallace….. Carleton Place

12153…Lorrain Sine….. Carleton Place

13329…Lynn Kennedy….. Carleton Place

10487…Maria Macdonald….. Carleton Place

7163…Melanie Ferguson….. Carleton Place

9221…Momena Rouf….. Carleton PlaCE

12476…Nadine Tremblay….. Carleton place

7823…Natalie Norbraten….. Carleton Place

8987…Natasha Kolupanowicz….. Carleton Place

11833…Norine Primeau-Menzies….. Carleton Place

9222…Rehana Rouf….. Carleton PlaCE

10006…Richard Vollebregt….. Carleton Place

7105…Robert Mullan….. Carleton place

7765…Serge Marguerie….. Carleton PlaCE

7470…Simon Amirault….. Carleton PlaCE

7126…Steven Scott….. Carleton Place

11338…Suzy Tomas….. Carleton Place

11522…Teresa Lee….. Carleton Place

11339…Tracey Crane….. Carleton place

9062…Tracey Martin….. Carleton Place

11079…Trent Bowers….. Carleton Place

11813…William Menzies….. Carleton Place

11682…Amelia Kiteley….. Carp

11678…Ann Cowan….. Carp

8342…Christopher Prud'homme….. Carp

12996…Darcy Byrus….. Carp

7130…David Ibbetson….. Carp

13579…J.Hugh O'donnell….. Carp

11676…Jen Charbonneau….. Carp

11675…Jen Debenham….. Carp

7375…Joanna Brown….. Carp

7045…Karin Plourde….. Carp

11519…Kerry Carruthers….. Carp

12496…Linda Uniac….. Carp

11484…Lisa Bond….. Carp

11681…Mariko Kulka….. Carp

12428…Mark Rigley….. Carp

11677…Melissa Hawes….. Carp

9333…Nancy Wawia Robb….. Carp

7676…Paul Hiscock….. Carp

8863…Peter Fischer….. Carp

8683…Tara Azulay….. Carp

11680…Taylore Bryce….. Carp

11679…Terri Storey….. Carp

7179…Thomas Kyte….. Carp

7347…Tommy Wall….. Carp

8964…Victoria Jordan….. carp

11072…Andre Hebert….. Casselman

12352…Carelle Levac….. Casselman

14145…Caroline Parent….. Casselman

7496…Chantal Bisaillon….. Casselman

8881…Christian Gagnon….. Casselman

14146…Gabriel Parent….. Casselman

11073…Gabryelle Hebert….. Casselman

10413…Gaetan Bisson….. Casselman

11198…Joanne Racine….. Casselman

12826…Julie Lefebvre….. Casselman

10843…Justin Gagnon….. Casselman

13454…Justin Madigan….. Casselman

10166…Katherine Leblanc….. Casselman

7102…Kyle Templeton….. Casselman

10219…Luke Paquette….. Casselman

10218…Mario Paquette….. Casselman

9987…Mark Mckiel….. Casselman

12204…Melanie Tessier….. Casselman

9612…Melodie Denis….. Casselman

12150…Micheline Mongeon….. Casselman

12351…Monic Rainville….. Casselman

7041…Pierre Leblanc….. Casselman

12353…Robert Goulet….. Casselman

11213…Rose Mcconville….. Casselman

10165…Sarah Leblanc….. Casselman

13117…Scott Dillon….. Casselman

14078…Stephanie Kornienko….. Casselman

11195…Suzanne Hebert….. Casselman

8217…Veronique Lecuyer….. Casselman

7599…Yves Doran….. Casselman

12561…Jennifer Hennick….. Chalk River

10229…Jeremy Farrell….. Chalk River

12562…Joshua Hennick….. Chalk River

8301…Judy Bragg….. Chalk River

9960…Kathy Greenfield….. Chalk River

9919…Kim Mirault….. Chalk River

11220…Andrew Myre….. Chelsea

8861…Beatrice Finn Cote….. Chelsea

10801…Bonnie Carson_Hall….. Chelsea

8400…Celise Belanger….. Chelsea

7434…Chris Mcmahon….. Chelsea

10353…Cody Robertson….. Chelsea

9363…Denise Veinotte….. Chelsea

10019…Henry Olson….. Chelsea

9259…Julie Sigouin….. Chelsea

12758…Karen Robertson….. Chelsea

11221…Mathew Myre….. Chelsea

10018…Matthew Olson….. Chelsea

14126…Megan Mctavish….. Chelsea

13940…Michel Moubarak….. Chelsea

9274…Nancy Stanton….. Chelsea

12012…Pamela Ermuth….. Chelsea

14018…Patricia Curry….. Chelsea

14320…Paul Heintzman….. Chelsea

11222…Pauline Myre….. Chelsea

9313…Rachel Vallender….. Chelsea

8866…Ray Folkins….. Chelsea

14202…Richard Yeo….. Chelsea

7525…Sebastien Brunet….. Chelsea

10142…Simon Belanger-Hebert….. Chelsea

8915…Stephen Hall….. Chelsea

7766…Zacharie Marshall….. Chelsea

12096…Doug Watt….. Chesterville

7876…Alain Roy….. Cornwall

10313…Allan Savage….. Cornwall

14121…Alyssa Mclean….. Cornwall

13970…Andrew Barnes….. Cornwall

9710…Andrew Forcier….. Cornwall

12302…Ann Bellefeuille….. Cornwall

13768…Annie St. Marseille….. Cornwall

10676…Ashley Bell….. Cornwall

13385…Ashley Law….. Cornwall

10729…Chantal Desnoyers….. Cornwall

13616…Dale Phippen….. Cornwall

14122…Dana Mclean….. Cornwall

14017…Dane Dupuis….. Cornwall

9353…Daniel Youmelle….. Cornwall

10942…Don Ryan….. Cornwall

11147…Elaine Duhaime….. Cornwall

7320…Emilie Contant….. Cornwall

14542…Erin Parisien….. Cornwall

13143…Gary Easton….. Cornwall

13971…Guylaine Barnes….. Cornwall

9542…Joan Bell….. Cornwall

8799…Kelly Currier….. Cornwall

13144…Kelsey Easton….. Cornwall

13972…Laura Barnes….. Cornwall

14430…Laurie Parisien….. Cornwall

14067…Linda Hutchinson….. Cornwall

13769…Margaret St. Marseille….. Cornwall

13770…Marina St. Marseille….. Cornwall

14129…Mary Miller….. Cornwall

13617…Noah Phippen….. Cornwall

13735…Pamela Savage….. Cornwall

13974…Phil Barnes….. Cornwall

14044…Renee Fripp….. Cornwall

14226…Sarita Anderson….. Cornwall

7879…Shelley Roy….. Cornwall

13618…Sue Phippen….. Cornwall

12493…Thomas Mcqueen….. Cornwall

12932…Tylor Boileau….. Cornwall

11146…Wayne Duhaime….. Cornwall

13424…Audrey Lowther….. Cumberland

10754…Bernie Corrigan….. Cumberland

9988…Brigit Desjardins….. Cumberland

9227…Brigitte Roy-Bray….. Cumberland

8061…Darlene Rathwell….. Cumberland

13425…Emma Lowther….. Cumberland

11017…Faye Bryers….. Cumberland

10382…James Lowther….. Cumberland

11182…Judy Duford….. Cumberland

10383…Kenneth Lowther….. Cumberland

13350…Lesia Kozyra….. Cumberland

11902…Leslie Anne Patry….. Cumberland

12199…Lucille De Haitre….. Cumberland

14148…Mathieu Patry….. Cumberland

11987…Monique Garneau….. Cumberland

12447…Rachelle Desjardins….. Cumberland

11193…Sarra Ben Amour….. Cumberland

7635…Suzanne Gaumond….. Cumberland

11192…Vicky Duford….. Cumberland

10187…Ashley Rousselle….. Deep River

7777…Cathy Mckay….. Deep River

9949…Jeffrey Hawrylak….. Deep River

11969…Katie Ptasnik….. Deep River

8022…Dan Smetana….. Dunrobin

7843…Danielle Patry….. Dunrobin

7227…David Brown….. Dunrobin

7228…Holly Brown….. Dunrobin

8635…Jason Bellhouse….. Dunrobin

7049…Kurtis Gassewitz….. Dunrobin

7229…Linda Martin….. Dunrobin

9534…Mike Gassewitz….. Dunrobin

11561…Pamela Heise….. Dunrobin

12305…Marc Fournier….. Edwards

9790…Melina Fournier….. Edwards

10194…Karen Brunke….. Eganville

11067…Valerie Searson….. Eganville

8732…Aline Brosseau….. Embrun

9886…Brendyn Johnson….. Embrun

7531…Brydon Cadieux….. Embrun

14299…Carl Blanchard….. Embrun

10787…Carolyne Beaudin….. Embrun

9887…Darryl Howell….. Embrun

11378…Dawn Ingram….. Embrun

8710…Erik Blackstock….. Embrun

10808…France Clement….. Embrun

11498…Genevieve Massicotte….. Embrun

11538…Ghislain Lagace….. Embrun

11537…Helen Lagace….. Embrun

8906…Joanne Gregoire….. Embrun

14294…Joel Comeault….. Embrun

7574…Joelle Cyr….. Embrun

9436…Jonathan Giorgetti….. Embrun

9431…Jonathan Green….. Embrun

8094…Josee Goudreau….. Embrun

9659…Julie Sauve….. Embrun

10974…Julie Wallace….. Embrun

8053…Karina Rodrigue….. Embrun

11292…Kim Butler….. Embrun

11497…Lars Kornmacher….. Embrun

9018…Laurie Legault….. Embrun

7575…Louis Cyr….. Embrun

9664…Manon Lamadeleine….. Embrun

8703…Martine Bellefleur-Masse….. Embrun

8224…Melissa Leblanc….. Embrun

8711…Michele Blackstock….. Embrun

11377…Mike Ingram….. Embrun

12216…Nathalie Charron….. Embrun

9435…Nathalie Giorgetti….. Embrun

8183…Noemie Chartrand….. Embrun

8225…Phil Leblanc….. Embrun

9888…Ruzica Howell….. Embrun

304…Sean Pollick….. Embrun

7730…Sophie Lapointe….. Embrun

11138…Stephane Chartrand….. Embrun

10579…Vanessa Jalbert….. Embrun

8738…Jennifer Buhr….. Finch

7799…Jessica Moran….. Finch

7526…Joanna Buhr….. Finch

11074…Kim Riddell….. Finch

12208…Julie Belanger….. Fitzroy Harbour

12209…Marc Belanger….. Fitzroy Harbour

12167…Dustin Thorley….. Gananoque

10614…Galahad Payette….. Gananoque

12168…Jessica Weicker….. Gananoque

8158…Kim Melvin-Long….. Gananoque

…………

……GATINEAU…

13991…Adam Briand…..

9356…Aimee Zweig…..

13916…Alain Dubois…..

10415…Alain Dugas…..

14403…Alain Philibert…..

10569…Alex Robertson…..

13848…Alexander Vanderploeg…..

7086…Alexandre Dube…..

13917…Alexandre Dubois…..

11960…Alexandre Soucy…..

11699…Aline Gosselin…..

8113…Alma Huard…..

12744…Alyson Reid…..

13776…Amanda Stec…..

10270…Amelie Tremblay…..

10483…Andre Brissette…..

7138…Andre Morin…..

10484…Andrea Brissette…..

12048…Andreanne Bonhomme…..

13537…Andreanne Montigny…..

14088…Andrew Leach…..

8731…Angela Britten…..

9063…Ann Martineau…..

11539…Ann Sullivan…..

14474…Anne Leveille…..

11994…Anne St-Louis…..

12196…Annick Chantal…..

12693…Annick Nault…..

7175…Annie Bayeur…..

10550…Annie Vaillancourt…..

12506…Anthony Rose…..

14271…Antoine Cyr…..

10513…Antony Clement…..

14519…Arkenn Kedder…..

13777…Beata Stec…..

10713…Benoit Pepin…..

13414…Bernard Leveille…..

8365…Bianca Lachance…..

14588…Boyd Aitken…..

14058…Brad Hawkes…..

14041…Brenda Fong…..

7900…Brian Sharpe…..

11574…Bridget Beaulieu…..

9562…Bruce Howarth…..

12469…Camille Champagne…..

13709…Camille Rousseau…..

9652…Carl Larouche…..

13394…Caroline - Claude Leblanc…..

9943…Caroline Auger…..

8363…Caroline Charest…..

9681…Caroline Turcotte…..

13476…Carolyn Mccafferty…..

13525…Cathy Mitchell…..

13918…Cecile Dubois…..

10070…Cedric Beaulieu…..

12193…Celine Charette…..

9477…Chad Leach…..

7594…Chantal Desjardins…..

8403…Charles Leblanc…..

12267…Charles Roy…..

7561…Cheryl Cloutier…..

14290…Chloe Lauzon-Gauthier…..

9489…Chloe St-Denis…..

12535…Chris Paci…..

9152…Christelle Pary…..

10552…Christia Vaillancourt-Domingue…..

10069…Christian Beaulieu…..

9720…Christian Girard…..

12856…Christine Allen…..

13384…Christophe Lavigne…..

10029…Christophe Rene…..

9670…Christopher Bois…..

10904…Christopher Mcdonell…..

7892…Christopher Saunders…..

7915…Claude-Anne Spiecker…..

12760…Claudine Lalonde…..

11562…Colette Pepin…..

11442…Corinne Beaudry…..

13919…Cyrielle Dubois…..

10447…D Kearney…..

10337…Daniel Clapin…..

7117…Daniel Huntington…..

9811…Daniel Sarmiento…..

11957…Daniel Soucy…..

7459…Daniel Thompson…..

7640…Dany Girard…..

9721…Daphne Blouin Carbonneau…..

7446…David Hickey…..

13881…David Wigle…..

14560…Dean Nernberg…..

11170…Debbie Collin…..

7697…Debbie Joanisse…..

12402…Deborah Smith…..

7839…Denis Paradis…..

11965…Denis Renaud…..

12624…Dennis Dumoulin…..

12473…Des-Neiges Marquis…..

11592…Diane Biage…..

9071…Diane Mcdougall…..

13655…Diego Prince…..

7515…Dominique Bouvier…..

13573…Dominique Noel…..

11398…Dominique Wiltshire…..

12203…Donald Rousseau…..

8681…Doris Aubin…..

7294…Dusan Brestovansky…..

12601…Elisabeth Normand…..

12007…Elodie Monga-Dubreuil…..

13625…Elodie Pigeon…..

13022…Elsie Charron…..

10880…Elvia Labelle Cortez…..

8267…Elyse Genesse…..

13561…Emile Ndorimana…..

13843…Emilie Vaillancourt-Domingue…..

8470…Emmanuelle Godbout-Gauthier…..

11379…Emna Mansouri…..

14265…Eric Laforest…..

9632…Eric Trepanier…..

7451…Etienne Robert…..

8090…Fabienne Lachance…..

7165…France Patry…..

11144…Francine Rheault…..

7537…Francis Carrier…..

7372…Francis Theriault…..

14156…Francois Prudhomme…..

7507…Frederic Bouchard…..

12778…Frederic Forge…..

12669…Frederic Gagne…..

9591…Frederick Grittner…..

13920…Frederique Dubois…..

13200…Frederique Gendron…..

8464…Gabriel Godin…..

12483…Gabriel Macleod-Bertrand…..

14222…Genevieve Boudreault…..

9865…Genevieve Gagnon…..

8634…Georges Godmaire…..

7458…Guillaume Ouellet…..

12238…Guy Perron…..

7218…Guy Picard…..

14555…Guylaine Dubreuil…..

13210…Gyl Girard…..

14532…Hali German…..

10750…Hannaa Khedim…..

7128…Helene Dore…..

9725…Hillary Sabourin…..

8870…Ian Fortier…..

11373…Isabelle Benoit…..

10553…Isabelle Daigneault…..

11979…Isabelle Giordano…..

12289…Isabelle Laforest…..

10687…Isabelle Latulippe…..

12498…Isabelle Proulx…..

13749…Isabelle Simard…..

14042…Jack Fortier…..

10876…Jacob Khayat Dumouchel…..

10839…Jacques Fradette…..

14113…Jane Marten…..

12785…Janick Corbin…..

12054…Jean Lemire…..

12600…Jean-Alex De Seve Bergeron…..

12514…Jean-Christophe Briand…..

13098…Jean-Francois Delorme…..

12482…Jeanne-Marie Macleod…..

13462…Jeannie Mallet…..

10134…Jean-Philippe Boudreault…..

12197…Jeremi Paquet…..

10590…Jesse Matthews…..

10619…Jessica Audette…..

14027…Jessica Dionne…..

7110…Jessica Lavoie…..

10226…Jessy Tremblay…..

10173…Jim Brownrigg…..

7920…Jim Stelzig…..

12461…Joanne Brunet…..

13657…Joanne Pugin…..

7263…Jocelyn Larabie…..

8278…Jocelyne Avoine…..

12585…Jody Schindel…..

12709…Joel Adams…..

8083…Joelle Clermont…..

10669…Johanne Dallaire…..

10482…Johanne Di Tomasso…..

8883…Johanne Gagnon…..

9904…John Benoit…..

8476…John-Stephen Sinkinson…..

7590…Jonathan Decary…..

8582…Jonathan Gravel…..

11149…Jonathan Larouche…..

10444…Jonathan Wilkie…..

9461…Josee Desmarais…..

13235…Josee Gunville…..

8472…Josee Marcil…..

10570…Josee Thibodeau…..

7107…Joyce Kelly…..

7869…Joyce Richards…..

7719…Judith Lachance…..

14576…Judy Milks…..

8541…Julia Halverson…..

11196…Julie Belle Rive…..

10739…Julie Bourdeau…..

7608…Julie Duchesneau…..

13236…Julie Gunville…..

14587…Julie Lacelle…..

12666…Julie Lafranchise…..

10882…Julie Lajoie…..

9860…Karine Dagneault…..

9891…Karine Lafond…..

11559…Karine Villeneuve…..

13707…Karrie Ann Rose…..

10098…Katherine Belhumeur…..

8908…Kathleen Guillot…..

14505…Kevin Stec…..

9407…Kim De Grandpre…..

8514…Kim Garamvolgyi…..

10965…Kim Tremblay…..

7978…Kirstin Wood-Haley…..

11873…Kony Trudel…..

12900…Laurence Belisle…..

13366…Laurence Lalancette…..

9263…Lesleigh Smith…..

13163…Lesley Flansberry…..

7447…Liam Keller…..

13944…Liddiard Stephen…..

8159…Liliane Besnard…..

10591…Linda Guay…..

13367…Lisanne Lalancette…..

11589…Lise Rioux…..

13171…Llaine Fournier…..

13921…Loic Dubois…..

11380…Lotfi Mansouri…..

12230…Louis Bisson…..

11826…Louise Paquette…..

13620…Louise Piche…..

9500…Luan Phung…..

9633…Luc Bouchard…..

9382…Luc De Grandpre…..

9499…Luc Phung…..

14037…Luce Essiambre…..

11993…Lyne Savard…..

10972…Lynn Villeneuve…..

10512…Lynne Connelly…..

9006…M F L Langlois…..

10925…Magali Petrin…..

14212…Magda Badran…..

12030…Mai Vo…..

7901…Malcolm Sharpe…..

13141…Manon Dusablon…..

11219…Manon Leger…..

12005…Manon Roy…..

10829…Marc Dumouchel…..

7625…Marc Fonda…..

8471…Marc Gosselin…..

7111…Marc Lavoie…..

8440…Marc Lessard…..

10411…Marc-Andre Leclerc…..

13838…Margaret E Turcotte…..

11034…Marianne Brissette…..

14507…Marie Bedard…..

7490…Marie-Christine Bernard…..

8376…Marie-Eve Williamson…..

8428…Marie-France Forget…..

7553…Marie-Josee Chenier…..

9708…Marie-Josee Durand…..

10207…Marie-Josee Tasse…..

10184…Marie-Noel Caron…..

9502…Marie-Pier Mercier…..

12569…Marie-Pierre Emond…..

7550…Mario Charette…..

10652…Mario Francoeur…..

7410…Markus Besemann…..

12361…Marlon Saravia…..

7266…Martin Audette…..

9802…Martin Cloutier…..

7176…Martin Gagnon…..

13211…Martin Girard…..

12694…Martine Gauthier…..

12987…Mary Ellen Burke…..

9459…Maryse St-Gelais…..

14558…Mathieu Buteau…..

7190…Mathieu Cayouette…..

13111…Mathieu Desrosiers…..

12031…Mathieu Lauzon…..

13711…Mathieu Roy…..

13378…Mathis Larochelle…..

9169…Maude Petrin…..

8335…Maxime Jacques…..

13185…Melanie Gabriel…..

12053…Melanie Laurin…..

9199…Melanie Renaud…..

14168…Melanie Rouette…..

9767…Melissa Bisson…..

9667…Melissa Cormier…..

8196…Melissa Oulton…..

9270…Mercedes Soza…..

7392…Michael Dubois-Boudazza…..

12365…Michael Maillet…..

9709…Michel Bertrand…..

10121…Michel Lavigne…..

7112…Michel Lavoie…..

14286…Michele Lohr…..

7844…Michele Patry…..

9617…Michelle Aubie…..

10546…Michelle Fradette…..

14225…Mike Bacic…..

11647…Mireille Nadeau…..

10749…Mohamed Badreddine Khedim…..

12484…Monique Crete…..

8084…Monique Gosselin…..

14402…Monique Lasnier…..

12491…Monique Richer…..

13209…Muriel Gionet…..

14337…Mustapha Souissi…..

9417…Nadia Cadieux…..

11544…Nadine Fournier…..

11245…Nadine Royal…..

13740…Nadine Seguin…..

10941…Nancy Jane Russell…..

11053…Nathalie Leduc…..

11331…Nathalie Morin…..

10423…Nathalie Robert…..

10267…Nicholas Patry…..

7106…Nicolas Drouin…..

7508…Norman Bouchard…..

8100…Olivier Thomann…..

14086…Pascale Lapierre…..

12951…Patrick Bradley…..

12979…Patrick Brunette…..

9806…Patrick Groulx…..

7423…Patrick Mackenzie…..

7174…Paul Carrier…..

8019…Paul Ostic…..

10840…Penny Fradette…..

10567…Philip Eagan…..

7057…Pierre Archambault…..

9944…Pierre-Olivier Julien…..

12777…Pierrick Forge…..

10205…Rachel Bennett…..

10485…Raphael Brissette…..

7452…Rene Robert…..

8465…Renee Prud'homme…..

9810…Ricardo Sarmiento…..

13839…Richard Turcotte…..

12831…Robert Dubois…..

13778…Robin Stec…..

7084…Roch Vibert…..

10203…Romy Ochmann St-Jean…..

9778…Roxanne Brascoupe…..

10486…Samuel Brissette…..

9634…Samuel Fortin…..

8515…Sara Champagne…..

12413…Sarah Breton…..

8453…Sarah Crowe…..

12395…Sarah Heath…..

11998…Sasha Pellerin…..

9637…Sebastien Roy…..

11887…Serge Garneau…..

13823…Shannon Toner…..

13728…Shaun Sarazin…..

9126…Shaunna Newton…..

10765…Shawn Robertson…..

12616…Silvia Dancose…..

10322…Simon Hotte…..

13986…Sonia Bougie…..

14503…Sonia O'brien…..

9182…Sonia Plouffe…..

13907…Sonia Zakrevsky…..

13415…Sonny Leveillee…..

13056…Sonya Corrall…..

12052…Sophie Richer…..

9727…Stacy Sabourin…..

10208…Stephane Haspect…..

11148…Stephanie Cote…..

8825…Stephanie Dion…..

8099…Stephanie Fortier…..

14504…Steve Colterman…..

12786…Steve Corbin…..

13216…Steve Gooch…..

7955…Steve Ulrich…..

9406…Suzie Berard…..

14472…Sylvain Deshaies…..

11441…Sylvie Gauthier…..

10686…Sylvie Morin…..

13399…Taina Leblanc…..

11859…Tammy St-Amant…..

12720…Tanya Cote…..

8788…Thomas Cort…..

14194…Thomas Thorne…..

8195…Tom West…..

13874…Tristan Welsby…..

10551…Valerie Domingue…..

13181…Vanessa Fulford…..

9526…Veronic Pichard…..

8473…Veronica Mattingly…..

11311…Veronique Gelinas…..

14244…Victor Choquette…..

11300…Virginia Cloutier-Maillet…..

8787…Virginie Corneau…..

11310…Yannick Di Cesare…..

10490…Yvan Pichette…..

8277…Yves Labonte…..

8114…Yves Leduc…..

7074…Yves Turcotte…..Gatineau

…………

……GLOUCESTER…

9556…Abhijit Arun…..

8358…Alessandro Dori…..

11475…Amanda Henderson…..

8220…Angela Philion…..

8416…Annie Bombardier…..

14103…Ben Macdonald…..

8712…Bill Blaney…..

14309…Brittany Crawford…..

11757…Carolyn Garcia…..

8234…Cathy Ptaszkiewicz…..

10832…Chantal Dupuis…..

8140…Cheryl Mccambley…..

9301…Cheryl Trachy…..

8128…Christian Wahlen…..

14138…Christine Newman Coulson…..

1812…Claude Brault…..

13395…Colleen Leblanc…..

877…David Clement…..

13220…David Gowdy…..

14177…David Sinclair…..

8821…Diana Dicorato…..

6506…Emma Macdonald…..

8025…Frank Wright…..

8359…Gabriel Dori…..

13898…Glenda Wright…..

11936…Greg Bell…..

9161…Heather Pearsall-Hubbert…..

7990…Helen Zajda…..

14105…Jack Macdonald…..

7137…James Gupta…..

13283…Jane Hughes…..

8418…Jean-Philippe Ayotte…..

14106…Jennifer Macdonald…..

7785…Jim Mcrobbie…..

8417…Jocelyn Ayotte…..

11571…Kamerine Gardam…..

3934…Karen Beattie…..

8134…Kelley Shields…..

11474…Kimberley Hill…..

10462…Kristina Binzig…..

11411…Leith Symon…..

14480…Leonard Belanger…..

10906…Libby Mcrobbie…..

14107…Matthew Macdonald…..

13542…Meagan Morin…..

9536…Melanie Latreille…..

11291…Michael Gosselin…..

7460…Michael Hope…..

7155…Natasha Dresler…..

8702…Othnel Belford…..

9302…Paula Trachy…..

11886…Paulette Archambault-Rene…..

10137…Phil Fitzgerald…..

13831…Pierre Tremblay…..

10078…Rick Freemantle…..

10738…Robert St-Jean…..

10901…Roberta Mattocks…..

9537…Roberto Bolzanello…..

7897…Robina Scrivener…..

9260…Sally Sinclair…..

8135…Samantha Shields…..

9330…Sarah-Jane Ward…..

10461…Serge Lejeune…..

8713…Shannon Blaney…..

7851…Shaun Pierce…..

14334…Sheila Price-Devenport…..

7703…Shiraz Kazarian…..

8318…Stacey Shannon…..

11088…Steve Shields…..

10968…Sue Van Wettum…..

9545…Suzy Fortier…..

11937…Tanya Bell…..

11412…Terry Ennis…..

13693…Tim Robinson…..

10458…Wit Lewandowski…..Gloucester

………

9890…Andrew Parr….. Greely

12532…Anthony Wielemaker….. Greely

13494…Brandy Mckenna….. Greely

9779…Carole Chabot….. Greely

12243…Catherine Jenness….. Greely

9005…Christine Langlois….. Greely

10341…Clare Booth….. Greely

12607…Corrie Caldwell….. Greely

13239…Dan Gutoskie….. Greely

10721…Deborah Mcleod….. Greely

9458…Erica Mccarney….. Greely

10608…Faun Danson….. Greely

11239…Gabrielle Venne….. Greely

11648…Gerrie Kautz….. Greely

7241…Greg Matte….. Greely

7224…Howard Crerar….. Greely

12534…Janet Hunt….. Greely

12247…Janice Jenness….. Greely

11238…Jeremie Venne….. Greely

7810…Jeremy Nehme….. Greely

10053…Joshua Matte….. Greely

8818…Julie Di Lalla….. Greely

10429…Kayla Lorion….. Greely

7114…Lemuel Racacho….. Greely

8580…Maren Smith….. Greely

9457…Margaret Mccarney….. Greely

10779…Marsha Ziolkowski….. Greely

11975…Pam Jackson….. Greely

8551…Paul Arsenault….. Greely

9192…Penny Racine….. Greely

10724…Raelene Downes….. Greely

12788…Sharon Beal….. Greely

11362…Sidney Bruinsma….. Greely

8367…Stephanie Kupecz….. Greely

7811…Stephanie Nehme….. Greely

9265…Steven Smith….. Greely

10213…Tj Arnott….. Greely

7518…Yvon Brazeau….. Greely

12374…Jada Watson….. Hull

13553…James Murphy….. Hull

8877…Lucie Frigon….. Hull

9349…Chantal Yelle….. Iroquois

13325…Karen Keeler….. Iroquois

12997…Keira Cameron….. Iroquois

8963…Judy-Lynn Jordan….. Jasper

………

…KANATA…

13201…Abey George…..

7068…Adam Barrett…..

12798…Aimee Riggs-Willey…..

12861…Al Amlani…..

11083…Alexandra Potts…..

13562…Alexis Near…..

13004…Aliria Carneiro…..

9920…Allan Ford…..

14282…Allison Camilucci…..

8989…Allison Krogh…..

14143…Allison Olajos…..

7774…Alyson Maynard…..

9359…Amy Cserni…..

9696…Amy Fraser…..

14110…Amy Maheu…..

7075…Andre Begin…..

12970…Andre Brown…..

8430…Andrew Auchterlonie…..

8842…Andrew Edwards…..

7427…Andrew Wilkes…..

10399…Angie Wilkes…..

8847…Ann Empey…..

14500…Anne Fagnan…..

9052…Anne Malcolm…..

10015…Anne Wice…..

14318…Anthony Near…..

11524…Anya Monet…..

7472…April Andries…..

7986…April Dickson…..

10635…Archie Mcdonald…..

13870…Ariel Wehrmann…..

13871…August Wehrmann…..

12836…Barb Lafontaine…..

13000…Barbara Campbell…..

14090…Barbara Lebeuf…..

13460…Belsinder Malhi…..

7484…Biagio Basile…..

7909…Bill Smith…..

13563…Bob Near…..

8330…Brad Hall…..

5787…Brenda Pavlovic…..

7093…Brendon Howard…..

11233…Carleen Hicks…..

13094…Carol De Lint…..

14028…Caroline Dolan…..

14100…Catherine Lunn…..

9552…Chantal Rogers…..

13498…Charlotte Mclaren…..

9234…Cherine Saba…..

11345…Cheryl Mcdonald…..

12837…Cheryl Owens…..

10424…Chloe Blondeau…..

8739…Christine Bull…..

12472…Christine Cotaras…..

12111…Christine Mocanu…..

7592…Christopher Denko…..

9468…Christopher Smillie…..

8210…Ciara Beaton…..

8936…Constance Hewitt…..

9539…Cory Bell…..

10978…Craig Williamson…..

9984…Cynthia Hartlin…..

14297…Daniel Brooks…..

7610…Daniel Duguay…..

11335…Daniele Bond…..

12163…Danielle Leduc…..

10395…Danny Crossman…..

9701…Dave Mckeever…..

12297…David Bellefeuille…..

12674…David Steele…..

10250…Deanne Donohue…..

7716…Deby Knowlton…..

11876…Denise Vierich…..

7842…Derek Paterson…..

7077…Devin Mcintyre…..

8486…Diane Easton…..

11257…Diane Neshcov…..

8329…Dianne Hall…..

13628…Dianne Pinder…..

11084…Doris Rioux…..

11685…Douglas Clark…..

8120…Edward Ziemba…..

11453…Eirin Easton…..

11659…Elizabeth Davies…..

10506…Elizabeth Dolter…..

13202…Elizabeth George…..

12598…Ellen Day…..

13990…Emily Boyle…..

8898…Emily Goold…..

12533…Emily Last…..

8305…Emma Dudley…..

12876…Erhan Asliturk…..

13432…Eric S. Lucas…..

14264…Everhardus Van Den Heuvel…..

7503…Francois Boisvert…..

13058…Fred Cotaras…..

10320…Gabrielle Morin…..

7806…Gary Murray…..

12912…Geoff Bennet…..

10016…Gordon Wice…..

12649…Grace Smyth…..

12128…Graham Jones…..

14306…Greg Lehman…..

14171…Gregory Sabourin…..

8811…Guylaine Deck…..

13629…Harry Pinder…..

12614…Heather Fraser…..

9111…Heather Moses…..

11927…Heidi Scurrell…..

13469…Helen Marr…..

13032…Hope Chuchinnawat…..

7685…Hugh Hospodar…..

9153…Ilde Pascucci…..

8385…Jacquelin Beavis…..

9467…Jaime Smillie…..

11160…James Carriere…..

11751…James Fairlie…..

13354…James Kubina…..

9092…James Milne…..

7256…Jamie Cotter…..

8836…Jane Dudley…..

10892…Jane Logan…..

7747…Jasmine Lim…..

7162…Jasmyne Labonte…..

8165…Jason Roy…..

10451…Jeff Lafontaine…..

13312…Jeffrey Jobb…..

8851…Jennifer Etheridge…..

12803…Jennifer Madge…..

12162…Jennifer Todd…..

7164…Jeremiah Marshall…..

8807…Jessica Day…..

7363…Jim Mcguire…..

10946…Joan Salvatierra…..

14184…Joan Spooner…..

11011…Jocelyne Hughes…..

11748…John Donak…..

10826…John Donohue…..

8370…John Durand…..

9952…John Durand…..

8869…John Forster…..

13170…John Fournier…..

12650…John Smyth…..

14119…Jon Mcdougall…..

12292…Josh Ziemba…..

11094…Joshua Braddon…..

10868…Joshua Illes…..

11532…Judith Davies…..

10920…Judith Nichols…..

12004…Julia Scouten…..

12145…Julie Brennan…..

14032…Julie Dreika…..

14046…Julie Gagnon…..

8327…June Fawaz…..

11127…Karen Hanna…..

11523…Karen Monet…..

8970…Kari Keays…..

9080…Karl Mclean…..

13501…Kathryn Mclaren…..

8368…Kathy Huard…..

9319…Kathy Vesterfelt…..

14060…Katie Hill…..

14006…Kelly Cirtwill…..

14346…Kelly Mcdonald…..

8875…Keri Fraser…..

10351…Kevin Leaman…..

9025…Kevin Lim…..

8166…Kirsten Roy…..

12000…Kristen Akinsulie…..

13010…Laura Casley…..

8152…Laura Haines…..

12471…Laurel Cotaras…..

13958…Lauren Alexander…..

12793…Lauren Capstick…..

7468…Leslie Allan…..

7988…Lia Pirili…..

10059…Lilian Moortgat…..

13934…Lin Li…..

10910…Lindsay Milne…..

11854…Lisa Sheppard…..

7020…Lisa Wagner-Boisvert…..

10531…Liz Braddon…..

12234…Lori Ciaralli…..

13114…Lorie Ann Di Patria…..

10133…Lorna Lane…..

14316…Louise Mercier…..

7390…Lucas Cochrane…..

14093…Madeline Lee…..

11967…Manon Desharnais…..

12371…Manya Charette…..

8121…Marc Budnick…..

10058…Marcel Moortgat…..

14301…Marcus Levis…..

11741…Maria Dasilva…..

11419…Marie Cotter…..

14535…Mark Sheppard…..

14182…Mark Smyth…..

12462…Martin Dube…..

12296…Mary Bellefeuille…..

10690…Mary Nute…..

14292…Matt Shamess…..

7042…Meenakshi Gupta…..

8336…Megan Annett…..

14180…Megan Smith…..

9430…Mia Cadieux…..

8064…Mia Hempey…..

11336…Michael Bond…..

14531…Michael Sheppard…..

12470…Michaela Cotaras…..

8995…Mireille Ladouceur…..

8615…Monna-Leigh Mcelveny…..

8591…Nancy Byrns…..

8959…Nathan Illes…..

7019…Nicolas Monet…..

13292…Osman Ibrahim…..

7569…Pam Cowie…..

9921…Patricia Keogh…..

12530…Patti Harle…..

8887…Paula Garrow…..

9085…Paula Meldrum…..

7717…Peter Krogh…..

9631…Philip Harris…..

8369…Pierre Huard…..

11660…Rebecca Campbell…..

14056…Robert Hambly…..

7696…Robert Janes…..

14094…Robert Lee…..

9429…Robert Monet…..

11481…Robin Beardsley…..

11645…Ron Boothby…..

7341…Ron Haines…..

7422…Russ Hrabchak…..

10609…Ruth Hodgins…..

7021…Sacha Cadieux…..

13341…Samantha Klus…..

14186…Sandra Storr…..

12253…Sarah Larose…..

11855…Sarah Sheppard…..

13037…Scott Clark…..

8226…Scott Moir…..

7882…Sean Russell…..

9613…Sean Sullivan…..

14300…Shafir Sawilla…..

9804…Shawn Potter…..

7094…Shelby Howard…..

7888…Sherry Sani…..

14626…Shona Fleming…..

10193…Sienna Ebbinghaus…..

7481…Stephen Bailey…..

8202…Stephenie Horne…..

9597…Steve Blaskie…..

7092…Steve Howard…..

7770…Steve Maveety…..

7095…Susan Atherley…..

11716…Susan Brimmell…..

13151…Susan Ethier…..

11259…Susan Phillips…..

9266…Susan Smith…..

7852…Sybil Plank…..

9390…Sylvia Carroll…..

10252…Sylvie Knight…..

7521…Talia Brennan…..

13390…Tam Le…..

11095…Taylor Braddon…..

8687…Ted Bailey…..

11671…Terry Lee Mccarthy…..

14218…Theresa Smyth…..

10473…Tina Klein…..

12529…Tom Harle…..

13574…Trevor Nootenboom…..

13033…Trish Chuchinnawat…..

11273…Ursula Hodgins…..

9829…Vennila Murugesan…..

8076…Vicky Butz…..

7202…Wayne Harrison…..

11670…William Mccarthy…..

14065…Zoe Hughes-Waldick…..Kanata

…..…..…..

12433…Ann Noonan….. Kars

9312…Karen Turrieff….. Kars

13541…Kyle Morgan….. Kars

10828…Marina Dubeau….. Kars

12692…Meghan Kearns….. Kars

14540…Mike Maguire….. Kars

9371…Mylene Levesque….. Kars

11370…Olivia Noonan….. Kars

7150…Roger Vansickle….. Kars

9481…Shawn Simzer….. Kars

8758…Sheila Chapman….. Kars

9980…Steven Noonan….. Kars

9015…Zoe Lazenby….. Kars

…………

……KEMPTVILLE…

11176…Aaron De Ville…..

7783…Adam Mcnamara…..

9186…Alexandra Pontbriand…..

8410…Amie Ivany…..

9271…Barbara Springer…..

9387…Belinda Reed…..

11542…Chantal Piepers…..

7875…Christine Routliffe…..

14020…Cindy Dawson…..

8603…Craig Tobias…..

9867…Diana Steadman…..

13798…Doris Sunstrum…..

9142…Doug O'connor…..

14057…Emily Harris…..

11543…Geoff Piepers…..

7968…Greg Walsh…..

12148…Jeannette Collins…..

8411…Jeffrey Ivany…..

9578…Jim Dolan…..

8843…Jocelyne Elliott…..

12665…John Evans…..

12146…John Tenbult…..

11714…Jordan Brennan…..

12641…Julie Buller…..

14021…Kaitlyn Dawson…..

13741…Kari Shanks…..

10955…Katy Smith…..

12594…Kevin Munroe…..

7520…Kiley Brennan…..

7784…Kristine Mcnamara…..

9272…Kyle Springer…..

11175…Leanne De Ville…..

9973…Mary Lou Sauriol…..

11715…Matthew Brennan…..

7361…Melanie Baldwin-Ooms…..

12789…Michael Mclean…..

14284…Nicole Tobias…..

12076…Norrine Fawcett…..

13152…Patricia Evans…..

12063…Raymonde Durand…..

11177…Ryan De Ville…..

7969…Sarah Walsh…..

9868…Scott Steadman…..

8623…Stewart Mclean…..

9869…Tanya Riddell…..Kemptville

…………

7938…Christopher Taylor….. Kenmore

7996…Matthew Anderson….. Kenmore

8185…Nancy Pothier….. Kenmore

9648…Patrick Walsh….. Kenmore

9646…Sean Walsh….. Kenmore

10431…Vince Lively….. Kenmore

10716…Angie Buckland….. Kinburn

10610…Corrie Robillard….. Kinburn

9621…Jamie Turcotte….. Kinburn

7080…Jordan Turcotte….. Kinburn

………

…KINGSTON…

8069…Al Organ

10640…Alain Bilodeau

7389…Alan Balsdon

11514…Alec Makulowich

8004…Alex Gagnon

12613…Alexander Towns

7383…Alexandra Horeczy

14625…Alexandra Johnston

12890…Alexandre Beauchamp

14630…Alfa-Toga Toure

10770…Aliceson Dube

11779…Aline Hill

13336…Amanda Kiezebrink

13948…Amy Thornton

12920…Andre Berube

13077…Andre Cyr

13019…Andrew Chapman

8271…Andrew Doucet

13779…Andrew Steel

10362…Anik Lefebvre

10616…Anna Jane Edmonds

10665…Anne-Lorraine Molloy

7136…Annie Bergeron

7431…Anthony Dionne

13110…Antoine Desrosiers

10666…Ardelle Polus

8241…Arlene Bomback-Fortin

11641…Ashley Taylor

7109…Ben Workman

13712…Benjamin Roy-Cyr

12335…Bethann Meunier

13179…Blair Frost

7399…Bob Mcgraw

13356…Bonnie L'abbe

10188…Brad Mccaughey

10200…Bradley Benns

8397…Bradley Boyd

12854…Brendan Alexander

12950…Brendan Boyle

7245…Brendan Hancock

13694…Brennan Roche

12554…Brian Barnes

7411…Brian Mcpherson

12888…Brianne Baum

7407…Bryan Bailey

6505…Camilo Ceballos Arango

7382…Catherine Horeczy

10302…Catlin Green

13912…Celine Best

12906…Chanta Bellerose

13042…Charles Cloutier

10285…Charles Sennett

13902…Cheng Xu

13339…Choong-Il Kim

12963…Chris Brewer

13267…Chris Hiscock

10042…Chris Kendall

13571…Chris Nicholson

13795…Chris Sulyma

13894…Chris Wood

7631…Christian Gagnon

7386…Christine Horeczy

7387…Christopher Horeczy

10076…Christopher Mattina

10192…Christopher Stubbert

13812…Christopher Thibeault

13036…Colin Clansey

13943…Colin Shannon

13044…Colleen Coderre

13543…Colton Morris

13401…Cori Lee

12964…Daniel Brideau

12827…Daniel Covert

13882…Daniel Wilkinson

8578…Danielle Belisle

13011…Danielle Chagnon

12919…David Bernatchez

12927…David Blais

12936…David Bortolin

12294…David Fraser

13423…David Long

13566…David Neppel

13830…David Tremblay

13868…David Weatherall

10977…Deb Wiesner

8882…Debbie Gagnon

13661…Dominic Ragetli

13941…Donald Saul

11527…Donna Wade

13232…Dylan Grimm

13308…Edward Jensen

10597…Elaine Eaton

12547…Elisabeth Lortie

11770…Elizabeth Hall

7384…Elizabeth Horeczy

11351…Emily Morrison

13927…Eric Henderson

10082…Eric Mcfee

9982…Erik Bubleit

8045…Ernest Beno

11565…Erzsebet Collins

12933…Eve Bonneau

13774…Flavio Stasi

13029…Francis Cho

14483…Francis Pantuso

13589…Francois Ouellette

7379…Gabriel Chasse-Jean

14573…Geoff White

10275…Gerald Gravelle

8018…Glenn Mowat

13925…Gordon Hallam

14563…Grace Higgins

14484…Grant Greeves

7151…Greg Poehlmann

13105…Guillaume Desgagne

11547…Guy Laroche

7108…Heather Ostic

13434…Henry Luk

7349…Ian Barnes

7432…Israel St-Georges

13388…Jack Lawson

13602…Jade Pearson

12972…James Brown

12314…James Dockrill

13345…James Koh

9119…James Munro

9870…James Ostler

13787…James Stewart

9821…James Wall

13861…James Ward

12944…Jamie Boudreau

7009…Jamie Cade

13930…Jamie Jessup

10117…Janet Gilbert

13513…Jared Mellow

10274…Jason King

13775…Jason Statham

10675…Jason Taylor

13891…Jason Wonchala

13079…Jean Dabros

14135…Jeanine Munro

12870…Jean-Luc Armstrong

10289…Jean-Marc Labarre

13187…Jean-Phillip Gagne

13100…Jean-Simon Demers

8408…Jennifer Olson

13479…Jeremy Mcclafferty

13606…Jermoe Pelletier

12701…Jesse Locke

7217…Jessica Dajko

8771…Joan Clark

10477…Joanne Organ

13545…Joel Morris

10658…Johanne Wagner

13089…John Day

10596…John Eaton

13323…John Kay

12460…John Lipscombe

13936…John Marshall

13780…John Stephens

9753…Jordan Allen

13952…Jordan Vadala

12310…Josee Veronneau

7385…Joseph Horeczy

12848…Josh Admaczyk

12929…Josh Bloess

7168…Joshua Dennis

9752…Julia Allen

10611…Julie Taugher

12862…Justin Anderson

10131…Justin Mccarthy

13028…Kara Chippior

13459…Karan Singh Malhan

10852…Karen Harrigan

8871…Karine Fortin

11874…Kassandra Vale

8270…Katherine Doucet

8319…Kathleen Taylor

8255…Kathy Broughton

8240…Kathy Chase

14009…Katrina Cloutier

13017…Kelsey Chang

9627…Ken Tallack

12283…Ken-Alexandre Berube

12918…Kevin Bernard

10066…Kevin Chan

8912…Kevin Hall

9800…Kevin Leblanc

11814…Kim Merkley

13799…Kiona Surhoff

8624…Kirk Gallinger

10231…Kristin Makulowich

13149…Kye Emond

13186…Kyle Gadoury

7371…Kyle Rhyno

8396…Laura Glithero

11348…Laura Morrison

13953…Laura Virgin

12986…Laurel Burchell

13732…Laurent Sauvageau

7400…Leah Mcgraw

8409…Leanne Karoles

11521…Lennon Huard

12702…Leslie Girrior

10202…Liane Wintle

12284…Linda Santerre

697…Lisa Leach

13681…Logan Ried

13078…Luc Cyr

12507…Lucie Lefebvre

8913…Marianne Hall

9963…Marie Ford

13588…Marie-Claude Otis

7316…Mark Mang

13527…Mark Moffat

10230…Marv Makulowich

13359…Marvin Lacea

8973…Mary Kelly

13945…Mary Sun

13923…Matt Fleet

13127…Matthew Doull

10834…Matthew Fagan

13272…Matthew Hoffart

12516…Matthew Hyland

8027…Matthew Walsh

13605…Max Peetsma

13682…Max Rienthaler

7455…Maxime Fournier

13686…Maxime Rivard

10033…Melanie Matthews-Loughery

13016…Melissa Chandler

13612…Melissa Perron

10592…Michael Doucet

8914…Michael Hall

10659…Michael Wagner

13007…Michell Carroll

9871…Michelle Ostler

10022…Mike Bezeau

10427…Mike Dabros

7818…My-Linh Nguyen

7314…Myra Macdonald

13057…Nathan Cosman

9295…Nellie Taylor

13639…Nicholas Poirier

13744…Nicholas Sheppard

13950…Nicholas Tremblay

13872…Nicholas Weishaar

13382…Nick Lauwers

13381…Nick Lauwers

13727…Nicky Sapera

11352…Nicole Morrison

13746…Nicole Shingoose

13048…Norah Collins

10123…Norman Mclanaghan

10771…Nyckolas Dube

9744…Olivia Carbonneau

12934…Olivier Bonvouloir

13931…Olivier Lafreniere-Abel

10329…Orville Cousins

13646…Pascal Poulin

12978…Patrica Brunelle

11730…Patricia Cooper

11622…Patricia Mailey

10300…Patrick Borduas

7146…Patrick Derby

13674…Patrick Rheaume-Espinoza

13018…Paul Chang

8783…Paul Cooper

13248…Paul Hansen

13739…Paul Sebert

13208…Phil Gimpel

12779…Philip Cooper

13160…Rebecca Fielding

8501…Rebecca Smith

13234…Renay Groves

13116…Richard Dickson

10120…Rick Fawcett

10419…Rick Peters

7100…Rick Royce

13549…Riley Moss

13607…Rip Pennell

13047…Rob Cohoe

13338…Robert Kilpatrick

13435…Robert Lyall

7478…Roger Asuncion

14170…Ronald Roy

10405…Russell Bassarab

14358…Ryan Blaschuk

13938…Samantha Millican

11427…Sarah Donovan

13903…Sarah Yaki

11347…Scott Morrison

13330…Sean Keoghan

12860…Shane Amirault

10051…Shane Sweetman

8830…Shani Doucet

10284…Shawn Osborne

10041…Sheena Lunan

10071…Sherry Miniou

13066…Shona Couturier

14527…Sophie Renaud

10344…Stephen O'shea

12517…Steve Marshall

12882…Steven Bailey

11578…Steven Parnell

9877…Stewart Taylor

13908…Sunny Zhang

8187…Suzanne Lopes

13309…Sylvia Jeon

12400…Tara Lowes

7416…Taya Mcgillivary

13899…Teresa Wright

12953…Thomas Braidwood

13282…Thomas Huet

13433…Tommy Lui

7325…Troy Jagoe

9812…Tyler Doucet

13348…Tyler Korn

13531…Tyler Molly

12725…Valeriy Boldyrev

13951…Veronique Trepanier

13906…Victoria Young

13672…Vincent Reynaud

9023…Viola Levesque

13417…Vivian Libongco

9962…Wayne Ford

10003…Yan Chen

13855…Yana Volodarets

13909…Yanga Zhu

13059…Zach Cotton....Kingston

………

9849…Angele Charron….. Lanark

11487…Brenda Headrick….. Lanark

10126…Debbie Keaney….. Lanark

11489…Karen Street….. Lanark

7178…Ken Johnson….. Lanark

11266…Krista Mcfarlane….. Lanark

9054…Laurie Manson….. Lanark

9850…Mariah Charron….. Lanark

11488…Stephen Carleton….. Lanark

12589…Suzanne Mcfarlane….. Lanark

10065…Alain Gilbert….. L'Ange-Gardien

9521…Bruno Plouffe….. L'Ange-Gardien

7880…Karine Roy-Tremblay….. L'Ange-Gardien

9522…Katy Boctor….. L'Ange-Gardien

14099…Marc Louis-Seize….. L'Ange-Gardien

7856…Martin Prescott….. L'Ange-Gardien

9496…Melanie Parker….. L'Ange-Gardien

14003…Nathaniel Chenevert….. L'Ange-Gardien

10560…Melanie Green….. Lansdowne

11439…Albert Benoit….. Limoges

11040…Chantal Benoit….. Limoges

7670…Charlene Hayes….. Limoges

10962…Dana Tapak….. Limoges

8062…Elizabeth Benoit….. Limoges

11440…Helene Benoit….. Limoges

10471…Jennifer Nesbitt….. Limoges

11458…Johanne Fournier….. Limoges

8572…Marc Landry….. Limoges

14087…Marie-France Laroche….. Limoges

11457…Martine Fournier….. Limoges

10624…Matthew Nesbitt….. Limoges

8063…Melissa Benoit….. Limoges

11718…Noah Burnett….. Limoges

12239…Pascale Campeau….. Limoges

10278…Raphael Millaire….. Limoges

11719…Sean Burnett….. Limoges

11039…Sonia Benoit….. Limoges

12746…Tara-Lynn Stevenson….. Limoges

12881…Fred Baaklini….. L'Orignal

13064…Louise Courville-Baaklini….. L'Orignal

10841…Nina Fraser….. L'Orignal

8999…Sacha Lalonde….. L'Orignal

8733…Yane Brouillard….. L'Orignal

9594…Martin Yates….. Maberly

251…David Mitchell….. Mallorytown

4177…Jacqueline Mackenzie….. Mallorytown

………

……MANOTICK

14050…Alex Gorman

12200…Alexa Ives

5455…Andrew Colautti

7695…Andy Ives

7406…Bob Bonisteel

9880…Bob Cavan

13332…Brandon Kew

7405…Brett Bonisteel

14247…Catherine Mason

9195…Cathy Reid

10898…Chantal Maher

12410…Deborah Kelley

11667…Donald Buwalda

9882…Dylan Byers

7887…Elizabeth Sanchez

7440…Frederic Hasle

9784…Grant Poulin

13130…Greg Downs

10541…Irene Hammerich

14142…Janet Ogilvie

13131…Jody Downs

7617…John Enouy

14248…John Mason

9808…Joseph Hulse

10956…Karen Snyder

10162…Kerryann Miles

13997…Laura Burwell

12286…Lisa Anthony

11301…Lisa St. Pierre

8461…Lorraine Bowes Mcrae

12805…Lynn Wright

7637…Maria Georgescu

9932…Mary Kelley

7713…Matt Klassen

11644…Meghan Scott

9927…Michael O'connor

9931…Paul Kelley

10639…Ramona Packham

13738…Vincent Schwaar....Manotick

…………

14431…Andy Blair….. Maxville

11016…Carrie Robertson….. Maxville

7435…Randy Mcrae….. Maxville

7658…David Hammonds….. Merrickville

8728…Mark Brennan….. Merrickville

11633…Amanda Langfield….. Metcalfe

8717…Andre Boudreau….. Metcalfe

13074…Andrew Cross….. Metcalfe

8540…Billy Lacharity….. Metcalfe

9777…Brigitta Aubrey….. Metcalfe

10908…Bruce Millar….. Metcalfe

10877…Candice Killin….. Metcalfe

9707…Carly Patterson….. Metcalfe

7710…Craig Killin….. Metcalfe

8744…Crystal Carmichael….. Metcalfe

8577…Danielle Perrier….. Metcalfe

8888…Fran Gaudet….. Metcalfe

11529…Joan Killin….. Metcalfe

11326…Kaitlin Aubrey….. Metcalfe

8576…Kellie Perrier….. Metcalfe

10823…Lori Dearman….. Metcalfe

8745…Lynea Carmichael….. Metcalfe

8511…Michaela Rot….. Metcalfe

9899…Pam Howell….. Metcalfe

9941…Quinn Watson….. Metcalfe

9942…Sharon Saunders….. Metcalfe

11158…Shelley Bakker….. Metcalfe

10909…Stephanie Millar….. Metcalfe

11634…Susanna De Beer….. Metcalfe

10220…Tim Wyman….. Metcalfe

9706…Wendy Patterson….. Metcalfe

7368…Frederic Soucy….. Moose Creek

8991…Carole Labelle….. Morewood

10630…Amanda Strader….. Morrisburg

8349…Bryan Spear….. Morrisburg

8238…Jim Tuttle….. Morrisburg

13702…Keith Rook….. Morrisburg

10643…Natalie Brundige….. Morrisburg

13703…Trudy Rook….. Morrisburg

7929…Adam Sulis….. Mountain

8945…Andralee Hoy….. Mountain

11697…Debra Workman….. Mountain

10542…Mary Cook….. Mountain

13496…Allison Mckenzie….. Munster

9331…Colleen Wasylko….. Munster

9788…Justin Thomas….. Munster

14131…Sharon Moore….. Munster

9098…Tammy Monahan….. Munster

8636…Warren Hulme….. Munster

9332…Warren Wasylko….. Munster

7683…Alexandra Hopkinson….. Navan

7967…Angela Walsh….. Navan

13189…Craig Gagnon….. Navan

13125…Dan Dore….. Navan

12917…Gilles Bergeron….. Navan

9076…Jenn Mcgregor….. Navan

12432…Joseanne Godbout….. Navan

10174…Julie Campbell….. Navan

13190…Krystyna Gagnon….. Navan

13191…Lucy Gagnon….. Navan

10627…Margaret Struthers….. Navan

9066…Marilyn Maynard….. Navan

12408…Paul Riley….. Navan

14199…Steph Walker….. Navan

11812…Susan Mcneely….. Navan

14501…Wally Burns….. Navan

eng (3) by Leonardo Favaro

Catedral de Granada (España) - Granada Cathedral (Spain) by La magia de la luz

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[ENG] The Granada Cathedral, or the Cathedral of the Incarnation, shows impressive fronts and a magnificent interior with a grand altarpiece, several chapels and a sepulchral chamber in that the tombs of the Catholic Monarchs are situated. His construction began in 1523 in the place where the former Major Mosque had been placed under the direction of the architect Enrique Egas who conceived the temple in Gothic style, though his work remained limited to the foundation. In 1529 Diego de Siloé took charge of the works following his project of Renaissance lines, with ambulatory and five naves (instead of the three habitual ones) and it remained concluded in 1563. The main facade was undertaken in 1664 by Alonso Cano, in which Baroque elements were introduced. In 1706 Francisco de Hurtado Izquierdo and later his collaborator José Bada they constructed the current tabernacle of the cathedral. Only there got up a tower of three bodies instead of the two of six bodies projected. The lateral naves are closed in numerous chapels of different epochs and styles.

[ESP] La Catedral de Granada, o Catedral de la Anunciación, muestra impresionantes fachadas y un magnifico interior con un grandioso retablo, varias capillas y una cámara sepulcral en la que se hallan las tumbas de los Reyes Católicos. Su construcción se inició en 1523 en el lugar donde había estado situada la antigua Mezquita Mayor bajo la dirección del arquitecto Enrique Egas que concibió el templo en estilo gótico florido, aunque su trabajo quedó circunscrito a la cimentación. En 1529 Diego de Siloé se encargó de las obras siguiendo su proyecto de líneas renacentistas, con girola y cinco naves (en lugar de las tres habituales) y quedó concluido en 1563. La fachada principal fue emprendida por Alonso Cano en 1664, en la que se introdujeron elementos barrocos. En 1706 Francisco de Hurtado Izquierdo y posteriormente su colaborador José Bada construyeron el actual sagrario de la catedral. Sólo se levantó una torre de tres cuerpos en lugar de las dos de seis cuerpos proyectadas. Las naves laterales se cierran en numerosas capillas de diferentes épocas y estilos.

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Eng-kabbeleje (Marsh-marigold / Caltha palustris ssp. palustris) by Yvonne Nielsen

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eng vorbei by Annette Schwarz

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Iglesia de Sant Andreu de Salardú, canecillo by La magia de la luz

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[ENG] The Church of Saint Andrew de Salardú, located in the Aran Valley (Lleida, Spain), was built between the 12th and 13th centuries in a transitional Romanesque to Gothic style. It has a basilica plan with three naves and four sections, and head-board of three semicircular apses. The most outstanding elements are a valuable polychrome wood carving (12th century) known as the Christ of Salardú, the bell tower of 25 m. high (15th century), the Romanesque portal of five archivolts adorned with plant motifs supported by columns, and the exceptional set of Renaissance wall paintings (17th century). More photos in the album Church of Saint Andrew of Salardu, Aran Valley.

[ESP] En la decoración exterior del templo destacas los 116 canecillos que sostienen los aleros de las fachadas laterales y de los ábsides. Su plástica es muy sencilla, pero muy expresiva. Representan motivos muy diversos: elementos vegetales, rollos, máscaras diabólicas, personajes humanos, cabezas de animales, campanas, dibujos geométricos… No faltan una mujer mostrando su sexo, pechos y figuras desnudas.

La Iglesia de Sant Andreu de Salardú, situada en el Valle de Arán (Lleida, España), se construyó entre los siglos XII y XIII en estilo románico de transición al gótico. Es de planta basilical con tres naves y cuatro tramos, y cabecera con tres ábsides semicirculares. Los elementos más destacados son una valiosa talla en madera policromada (siglo XII) conocida como el Cristo de Salardú, la torre campanario de 25 m. de altura (siglo XV), la portada románica de cinco arquivoltas adornadas con motivos vegetales que apoyan en columnas, y el excepcional conjunto de pinturas murales renacentistas (siglo XVII). Más fotografías en el álbum Iglesia de San Andrés de Salardú, Valle de Aran.

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EI-ENG Boeing 737-8AS Ryanair AGP 25-02-18 by Roy Grummitt, Thanks for 9.45 million views

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zu eng? by cape master

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Georgina Blackman of England during a practice round by LET

16/03/2022. Ladies European Tour 2022. Aramco Saudi Ladies International Presented By Public Investment Fund, Royal Greens Golf and Country Club, King Abdullah Economic City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. March 17-20 2022. Georgina Blackman of England during a practice round. Credit: Tristan Jones/LET

كن ذا أثر لا تقبل أن تكون عاديا ولك في رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وصحابته قدوة حسنة لقد وضعوا بصمتهم كانوا منارات يهتدي باثرهم من كان بعدهم في بناء الحضارة ونحن نستطيع بشرط أن نحذوا حذوهم #تصويري #الدوحة #قطر #غرد_بصورة #الفنار #منارة #عمارة #تصميم #des by Qatarism

by eng_musleh89 ift.tt/1RhtfbI

by Han Dieperink

Georgia Hall of England during a practice round by LET

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11/08/2020. Ladies European Tour 2020. Aberdeen Standard Investments Ladies Scottish Open. Renaissance Club, North Berwick, East Lothian, Scotland. August 13-16 2020 Georgia Hall of England during a practice round. Credit: Tristan Jones.

ENG by Rob Telford

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Soho Vigil for Orlando, Old Compton Street, London W1.

Sony A7 + Canon FD 35mm f/2.0.

Around the Segovia in eighty minutes - La vuelta a Segovia en 80 minutos [20/25] by La magia de la luz

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[ENG] 7:58 Mints we continue ascending can estimate the main facade of the Cathedral, in that there is located the Door of the Pardon or of Santa Maria. To the left side we see the Major Square and both towers of the Town hall, and to the right the romanesque tower of San Andrés's Church.

[ESP] 7:58 Mientas seguimos ascendiendo podemos apreciar la fachada principal de la Catedral, en la que se ubica la Puerta del Perdón o de Santa María. A la izquierda vemos la Plaza Mayor y las dos torres del Ayuntamiento, y a la derecha la torre románica de la Iglesia de San Andrés.

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zu eng? by cape master

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Esti magány by Willy (Vilmos Zoltan Galyo) Thank you for one million views!

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Esti magány

A séta volt hideg, és burkolt a magányság,

Érdekes, nem tudom, de engemet ez az érzés mindig vár,

Sem itt, sem máshol nekem nem kell semmi sem már.

Semmi, az éj vár, láthatatlan leszek, elmúltam már, illant a valóság,

A valóság, amely volt káprázat, és megtévesztő vak világ, fényes csábítás,

Búcsum lesz örök, tudom, hogy bennem akkor is van örök, s majd máshol ébredek…

… és ott is lesz halálos a vágy és a magány, amely örök társ…

Esti világ, éjbe omló lidérces látomás, amely ölel, s éltet engemet tovább,

Engemet, akinek teljesen idegen a világ, de mindent és mindenkit ismer, s nincs számára semmilyen talány,

De ami rossz, az engemet megtalált, kihívtam a sorsot, a kaszás vág, nézem a fejemet, hullt, gurult, pattogott a távolba tovább,

Nevetek, az új arcom a sötétben nézi a mély és fénytelen messzeséget,

S ekkor a kaszás bont egy bort, tölti a poharakat, koccintunk, bennünk vérré vált a bor,

Boldog piros könnyek csurdogálnak az arcomon,

A kaszás kedvesen rám mosolyog, elővesz a nagy és hosszú csomagot,

Kibontja, egy kasza és egy fenőkő a tartalma, és ezt mondja:

Nem kellettél az életnek, megölt tégedet egy szerelem, a szerelmed,

Ne bánkódj, a pokol az életedről mindent eltárolt, vedd a szerszámot…

… és hozz ide minden szenvedőt, lelkitöröttet, haldoklót, reménytelent és magányost…

Kedves kaszás barátom - válaszolom neki -, a meghívást, felkérést és az új életet tőled boldogan fogadom,

Igérem, hogy jó éji démon leszek, és azt is, hogy sok lelket majd ide, a pokol birodalmába majd bevonzok,

Hadd vígadjanak majd velünk, hiszen földi életük szenvedéstartalma itt vált végtelen örömmámorba,

Tudom, hogy itt már nem kell semmi sem, ami ad boldogságot, semmi, semmilyen örömszer,

Hisz az öröm itt majd magától jövő lesz, amelyben majd sokat lubickolnak a most még a földi világban szenvedő lelkek.

Szenvedő lelkek, ne adjátok fel,

Sírnak rajtatok keservesen a pokoli lények,

Mi várunk benneteket,

Itt majd lesz vigadalom, búság nem lesz a földi bajon,

Hiszen abból a világból lesz minden feledett,

És az ottani fájdalom itt majd öröm virágokat és boldogságokat ont.

Stephanie Serrano raw image by Florida International University

IMG_3116 by kenri kodaka

Mastercard Visit-1 by Florida International University

1

SS Invercloy discharging coal off the Clyde coast by Scottish Maritime Museum

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www.clydeships.co.uk/view.php?official_number=&imo=&a...

SUCCESS ► Motivational Video 2016 ᴴᴰ by Khàlid Tamghit

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China - Kashgar - Night Market - Goat Head Soup - 2bb by Manfred Sommer

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Kashgar is an oasis city with an approximate population of 350,000. It is the westernmost city in China, located near the border with Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Kashgar has a rich history of over 2,000 years and served as a trading post and strategically important city on the Silk Road between China, the Middle East, and Europe. Kashgar is part of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor.

Located historically at the convergence point of widely varying cultures and empires, Kashgar has been under the rule of the Chinese, Turkic, Mongol, and Tibetan empires. The city has also been the site of an extraordinary number of battles between various groups of people on the steppes.

Now administered as a county-level unit of the People's Republic of China, Kashgar is the administrative centre of its eponymous prefecture in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region which has an area of 162,000 square kilometres and a population of approximately 3.5 million. The city's urban area covers 15 km2, though its administrative area extends over 555 km2.

NAME

The modern Chinese name is 喀什 (Kāshí), a shortened form of the longer and less-frequently used (simplified Chinese: 喀什噶尔; traditional Chinese: 喀什噶爾; pinyin: Kāshígé’ěr; Uyghur: قەشقەر‎). Ptolemy (AD 90-168), in his Geography, Chapter 15.3A, refers to Kashgar as “Kasi”. Its western and probably indigenous name is the Kāš ("rock"), to which the East Iranian -γar ("mountain"); cf. Pashto and Middle Persian gar/ġar, from Old Persian/Pahlavi girīwa ("hill; ridge (of a mountain)") was attached. Alternative historical Romanizations for "Kashgar" include Cascar and Cashgar.

Non-native names for the city, such as the old Chinese name Shule 疏勒 and Tibetan Śu-lig may have originated as an attempts to transcribe the Sanskrit name for Kashgar, Śrīkrīrāti ("fortunate hospitality")

Variant transcriptions of the official Uyghur: يېڭىشەھەر‎ include: K̂äxk̂är or Kaxgar, as well as Jangi-schahr, Kashgar Yangi Shahr, K’o-shih-ka-erh, K’o-shih-ka-erh-hsin-ch’eng, Ko-shih-ka-erh-hui-ch’eng, K’o-shih-ko-erh-hsin-ch’eng, New Kashgar, Sheleh, Shuleh, Shulen, Shu-lo, Su-lo, Su-lo-chen, Su-lo-hsien, Yangi-shaar, Yangi-shahr, Yangishar, Yéngisheher, Yengixəh̨ər and Еңишәһәр.

HISTORY

HAN DYNASTY

The earliest mention of Kashgar occurs when a Chinese Han dynasty envoy traveled the Northern Silk Road to explore lands to the west.

Another early mention of Kashgar is during the Former Han (also known as the Western Han dynasty), when in 76 BC the Chinese conquered the Xiongnu, Yutian (Khotan), Sulei (Kashgar), and a group of states in the Tarim basin almost up to the foot of the Tian Shan range.

Ptolemy speaks of Scythia beyond the Imaus, which is in a “Kasia Regio”, probably exhibiting the name from which Kashgar and Kashgaria (often applied to the district) are formed. The country’s people practised Zoroastrianism and Buddhism before the coming of Islam.

In the Book of Han, which covers the period between 125 BC and 23 AD, it is recorded that there were 1,510 households, 18,647 people and 2,000 persons able to bear arms. By the time covered by the Book of the Later Han (roughly 25 to 170 AD), it had grown to 21,000 households and had 3,000 men able to bear arms.

The Book of the Later Han provides a wealth of detail on developments in the region:

"In the period of Emperor Wu [140-87 BC], the Western Regions1 were under the control of the Interior [China]. They numbered thirty-six kingdoms. The Imperial Government established a Colonel [in charge of] Envoys there to direct and protect these countries. Emperor Xuan [73-49 BC] changed this title [in 59 BC] to Protector-General.

Emperor Yuan [40-33 BC] installed two Wuji Colonels to take charge of the agricultural garrisons on the frontiers of the king of Nearer Jushi [Turpan].

During the time of Emperor Ai [6 BC-AD 1] and Emperor Ping [AD 1-5], the principalities of the Western Regions split up and formed fifty-five kingdoms. Wang Mang, after he usurped the Throne [in AD 9], demoted and changed their kings and marquises. Following this, the Western Regions became resentful, and rebelled. They, therefore, broke off all relations with the Interior [China] and, all together, submitted to the Xiongnu again.

The Xiongnu collected oppressively heavy taxes and the kingdoms were not able to support their demands. In the middle of the Jianwu period [AD 25-56], they each [Shanshan and Yarkand in 38, and 18 kingdoms in 45], sent envoys to ask if they could submit to the Interior [China], and to express their desire for a Protector-General. Emperor Guangwu, decided that because the Empire was not yet settled [after a long period of civil war], he had no time for outside affairs, and [therefore] finally refused his consent [in AD 45].

In the meantime, the Xiongnu became weaker. The king of Suoju [Yarkand], named Xian, wiped out several kingdoms. After Xian’s death [c. AD 62], they began to attack and fight each other. Xiao Yuan [Tura], Jingjue [Cadota], Ronglu [Niya], and Qiemo [Cherchen] were annexed by Shanshan [the Lop Nur region]. Qule [south of Keriya] and Pishan [modern Pishan or Guma] were conquered and fully occupied by Yutian [Khotan]. Yuli [Fukang], Danhuan, Guhu [Dawan Cheng], and Wutanzili were destroyed by Jushi [Turpan and Jimasa]. Later these kingdoms were re-established.

During the Yongping period [AD 58-75], the Northern Xiongnu forced several countries to help them plunder the commanderies and districts of Hexi. The gates of the towns stayed shut in broad daylight."

And, more particularly in reference to Kashgar itself, is the following record:

"In the sixteenth Yongping year of Emperor Ming 73, Jian, the king of Qiuci (Kucha), attacked and killed Cheng, the king of Shule (Kashgar). Then he appointed the Qiuci (Kucha) Marquis of the Left, Douti, King of Shule (Kashgar). ‹See TfD›

In winter 73, the Han sent the Major Ban Chao who captured and bound Douti. He appointed Zhong, the son of the elder brother of Cheng, to be king of Shule (Kashgar). Zhong later rebelled. (Ban) Chao attacked and beheaded him."

THE KUSHANS

The Book of the Later Han also gives the only extant historical record of Yuezhi or Kushan involvement in the Kashgar oasis:

"During the Yuanchu period (114-120) in the reign of Emperor, the king of Shule (Kashgar), exiled his maternal uncle Chenpan to the Yuezhi (Kushans) for some offence. The king of the Yuezhi became very fond of him. Later, Anguo died without leaving a son. His mother directed the government of the kingdom. She agreed with the people of the country to put Yifu (lit. “posthumous child”), who was the son of a full younger brother of Chenpan on the throne as king of Shule (Kashgar). Chenpan heard of this and appealed to the Yuezhi (Kushan) king, saying:

"Anguo had no son. His relative (Yifu) is weak. If one wants to put on the throne a member of (Anguo’s) mother’s family, I am Yifu’s paternal uncle, it is I who should be king."

The Yuezhi (Kushans) then sent soldiers to escort him back to Shule (Kashgar). The people had previously respected and been fond of Chenpan. Besides, they dreaded the Yuezhi (Kushans). They immediately took the seal and ribbon from Yifu and went to Chenpan, and made him king. Yifu was given the title of Marquis of the town of Pangao [90 li, or 37 km, from Shule].

‹See TfD›

Then Suoju (Yarkand) continued to resist Yutian (Khotan), and put themselves under Shule (Kashgar). Thus Shule (Kashgar), became powerful and a rival to Qiuci (Kucha) and Yutian (Khotan)."

However, it was not very long before the Chinese began to reassert their authority in the region:

“In the second Yongjian year (127), during Emperor Shun’s reign, Chenpan sent an envoy to respectfully present offerings. The Emperor bestowed on Chenpan the title of Great Commandant-in-Chief for the Han. Chenxun, who was the son of his elder brother, was appointed Temporary Major of the Kingdom. ‹See TfD›

In the fifth year (130), Chenpan sent his son to serve the Emperor and, along with envoys from Dayuan (Ferghana) and Suoju (Yarkand), brought tribute and offerings.”

From an earlier part of the same text comes the following addition:

“In the first Yangjia year (132), Xu You sent the king of Shule (Kashgar), Chenpan, who with 20,000 men, attacked and defeated Yutian (Khotan). He beheaded several hundred people, and released his soldiers to plunder freely. He replaced the king [of Jumi] by installing Chengguo from the family of [the previous king] Xing, and then he returned.”[38]

Then the first passage continues:

“In the second Yangjia year (133), Chenpan again made offerings (including) a lion and zebu cattle. ‹See TfD›

Then, during Emperor Ling’s reign, in the first Jianning year, the king of Shule (Kashgar) and Commandant-in-Chief for the Han (i.e. presumably Chenpan), was shot while hunting by the youngest of his paternal uncles, Hede. Hede named himself king.

‹See TfD›

In the third year (170), Meng Tuo, the Inspector of Liangzhou, sent the Provincial Officer Ren She, commanding five hundred soldiers from Dunhuang, with the Wuji Major Cao Kuan, and Chief Clerk of the Western Regions, Zhang Yan, brought troops from Yanqi (Karashahr), Qiuci (Kucha), and the Nearer and Further States of Jushi (Turpan and Jimasa), altogether numbering more than 30,000, to punish Shule (Kashgar). They attacked the town of Zhenzhong [Arach − near Maralbashi] but, having stayed for more than forty days without being able to subdue it, they withdrew. Following this, the kings of Shule (Kashgar) killed one another repeatedly while the Imperial Government was unable to prevent it.”

THREE KINGDOMS TO THE SUI

These centuries are marked by a general silence in sources on Kashgar and the Tarim Basin.

The Weilüe, composed in the second third of the 3rd century, mentions a number of states as dependencies of Kashgar: the kingdom of Zhenzhong (Arach?), the kingdom of Suoju (Yarkand), the kingdom of Jieshi, the kingdom of Qusha, the kingdom of Xiye (Khargalik), the kingdom of Yinai (Tashkurghan), the kingdom of Manli (modern Karasul), the kingdom of Yire (Mazar − also known as Tágh Nák and Tokanak), the kingdom of Yuling, the kingdom of Juandu (‘Tax Control’ − near modern Irkeshtam), the kingdom of Xiuxiu (‘Excellent Rest Stop’ − near Karakavak), and the kingdom of Qin.

However, much of the information on the Western Regions contained in the Weilüe seems to have ended roughly about (170), near the end of Han power. So, we can’t be sure that this is a reference to the state of affairs during the Cao Wei (220-265), or whether it refers to the situation before the civil war during the Later Han when China lost touch with most foreign countries and came to be divided into three separate kingdoms.

Chapter 30 of the Records of the Three Kingdoms says that after the beginning of the Wei Dynasty (220) the states of the Western Regions did not arrive as before, except for the larger ones such as Kucha, Khotan, Kangju, Wusun, Kashgar, Yuezhi, Shanshan and Turpan, who are said to have come to present tribute every year, as in Han times.

In 270, four states from the Western Regions were said to have presented tribute: Karashahr, Turpan, Shanshan, and Kucha. Some wooden documents from Niya seem to indicate that contacts were also maintained with Kashgar and Khotan around this time.

In 422, according to the Songshu, ch. 98, the king of Shanshan, Bilong, came to the court and "the thirty-six states in the Western Regions" all swore their allegiance and presented tribute. It must be assumed that these 36 states included Kashgar.

The "Songji" of the Zizhi Tongjian records that in the 5th month of 435, nine states: Kucha, Kashgar, Wusun, Yueban, Tashkurghan, Shanshan, Karashahr, Turpan and Sute all came to the Wei court.

In 439, according to the Weishu, ch. 4A, Shanshan, Kashgar and Karashahr sent envoys to present tribute.

According to the Weishu, ch. 102, Chapter on the Western Regions, the kingdoms of Kucha, Kashgar, Wusun, Yueban, Tashkurghan, Shanshan, Karashahr, Turpan and Sute all began sending envoys to present tribute in the Taiyuan reign period (435-440).

In 453 Kashgar sent envoys to present tribute (Weishu, ch. 5), and again in 455.

An embassy sent during the reign of Wencheng Di (452-466) from the king of Kashgar presented a supposed sacred relic of the Buddha; a dress which was incombustible.

In 507 Kashgar, is said to have sent envoys in both the 9th and 10th months (Weishu, ch. 8).

In 512, Kashgar sent envoys in the 1st and 5th months. (Weishu, ch. 8).

Early in the 6th century Kashgar is included among the many territories controlled by the Yeda or Hephthalite Huns, but their empire collapsed at the onslaught of the Western Turks between 563 and 567 who then probably gained control over Kashgar and most of the states in the Tarim Basin.

TANG DYNASTY

The founding of the Tang dynasty in 618 saw the beginning of a prolonged struggle between China and the Western Turks for control of the Tarim Basin. In 635, the Tang Annals reported an emissary from the king of Kashgar to the Tang capital. In 639 there was a second emissary bringing products of Kashgar as a token of submission to the Tang state.

Buddhist scholar Xuanzang passed through Kashgar (which he referred to as Ka-sha) in 644 on his return journey from India to China. The Buddhist religion, then beginning to decay in India, was active in Kashgar. Xuanzang recorded that they flattened their babies heads, tattooed their bodies and had green eyes. He reported that Kashgar had abundant crops, fruits and flowers, wove fine woolen stuffs and rugs. Their writing system had been adapted from Indian script but their language was different from that of other countries. The inhabitants were sincere Buddhist adherents and there were some hundreds of monasteries with more than 10,000 followers, all members of the Sarvastivadin School.

At around the same era, Nestorian Christians were establishing bishoprics at Herat, Merv and Samarkand, whence they subsequently proceeded to Kashgar, and finally to China proper itself.

In 646, the Turkic Kagan asked for the hand of a Tang Chinese princess, and in return the Emperor promised Kucha, Khotan, Kashgar, Karashahr and Sarikol as a marriage gift, but this did not happen as planned.

In a series of campaigns between 652 and 658, with the help of the Uyghurs, the Chinese finally defeated the Western Turk tribes and took control of all their domains, including the Tarim Basin kingdoms. Karakhoja was annexed in 640, Karashahr during campaigns in 644 and 648, and Kucha fell in 648.

In 662 a rebellion broke out in the Western Regions and a Chinese army sent to control it was defeated by the Tibetans south of Kashgar.

After another defeat of the Tang Chinese forces in 670, the Tibetans gained control of the whole region and completely subjugated Kashgar in 676-8 and retained possession of it until 692, when the Tang dynasty regained control of all their former territories, and retained it for the next fifty years.

In 722 Kashgar sent 4,000 troops to assist the Chinese to force the "Tibetans out of "Little Bolu" or Gilgit.

In 728, the king of Kashgar was awarded a brevet by the Chinese emperor.

In 739, the Tangshu relates that the governor of the Chinese garrison in Kashgar, with the help of Ferghana, was interfering in the affairs of the Turgesh tribes as far as Talas.

In 751 the Chinese were defeated by an Arab army in the Battle of Talas. The An Lushan Rebellion led to the decline of Tang influence in Central Asia due to the fact that the Tang dynasty was forced to withdraw its troops from the region to fight An Lushan. The Tibetans cut all communication between China and the West in 766.

Soon after the Chinese pilgrim monk Wukong passed through Kashgar in 753. He again reached Kashgar on his return trip from India in 786 and mentions a Chinese deputy governor as well as the local king.

BATTLES WITH ARAB CALIPHATE

In 711, the Arabs invaded Kashgar, but did not hold the city for any length of time. Kashgar and Turkestan lent assistance to the reigning queen of Bukhara, to enable her to repel the Arabs. Although the Muslim religion from the very commencement sustained checks, it nevertheless made its weight felt upon the independent states of Turkestan to the north and east, and thus acquired a steadily growing influence. It was not, however, till the 10th century that Islam was established at Kashgar, under the Kara-Khanid Khanate.

THE TURKIC RULE

According to the 10th-century text, Hudud al-'alam, "the chiefs of Kashghar in the days of old were from the Qarluq, or from the Yaghma." The Karluks, Yaghmas and other tribes such as the Chigils formed the Karakhanids. The Karakhanid Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan converted to Islam in the 10th century and captured Kashgar. Kashgar was the capital of the Karakhanid state for a time but later the capital was moved to Balasaghun. During the latter part of the 10th century, the Muslim Karakhanids began a struggle against the Buddhist Kingdom of Khotan, and the Khotanese defeated the Karakhanids and captured Kashgar in 970. Chinese sources recorded the king of Khotan offering to send them a dancing elephant captured from Kashgar. Later in 1006, the Karakhanids of Kashgar under Yusuf Kadr Khan conquered Khotan.

The Karakhanid Khanate however was beset with internal strife, and the khanate split into two, the Eastern and Western Karakhanid Khanates, with Kashgar falling within the domain of the Eastern Karakhanid state. In 1089, the Western Karakhanids fell under the control of the Seljuks, but the Eastern Karakhanids was for the most part independent.

Both the Karakhanid states were defeated in the 12th century by the Kara-Khitans who captured Balasaghun, however Karakhanid rule continued in Kashgar under the suzerainty of the Kara-Khitans. The Kara-Khitan rulers followed a policy of religious tolerance, Islamic religious life continued uninterrupted and Kashgar was also a Nestorian metropolitan see. The last Karakhanid of Kashgar was killed in a revolt in 1211 by the city's notables. Kuchlug, a usurper of the throne of the Kara-Khitans, then attacked Kashgar which finally surrendered in 1214.

THE MONGOLS

The Kara-Khitai in their turn were swept away in 1219 by Genghis Khan. After his death, Kashgar came under the rule of the Chagatai Khans. Marco Polo visited the city, which he calls Cascar, about 1273-4 and recorded the presence of numerous Nestorian Christians, who had their own churches. Later In the 14th century, a Chagataid khan Tughluq Timur converted to Islam, and Islamic tradition began to reassert its ascendancy.

In 1389−1390 Tamerlane ravaged Kashgar, Andijan and the intervening country. Kashgar endured a troubled time, and in 1514, on the invasion of the Khan Sultan Said, was destroyed by Mirza Ababakar, who with the aid of ten thousand men built a new fort with massive defences higher up on the banks of the Tuman river. The dynasty of the Chagatai Khans collapsed in 1572 with the division of the country among rival factions; soon after, two powerful Khoja factions, the White and Black Mountaineers (Ak Taghliq or Afaqi, and Kara Taghliq or Ishaqi), arose whose differences and war-making gestures, with the intermittent episode of the Oirats of Dzungaria, make up much of recorded history in Kashgar until 1759. The Dzungar Khanate conquered Kashgar and set up the Khoja as their puppet rulers.

QING CONQUEST

The Qing dynasty defeated the Dzungar Khanate during the Ten Great Campaigns and took control of Kashgar in 1759. The conquerors consolidated their authority by settling other ethnics emigrants in the vicinity of a Manchu garrison.

Rumours flew around Central Asia that the Qing planned to launch expeditions towards Transoxiana and Samarkand, the chiefs of which sought assistance from the Afghan king Ahmed Shah Abdali. The alleged expedition never happened so Ahmad Shah withdrew his forces from Kokand. He also dispatched an ambassador to Beijing to discuss the situation of the Afaqi Khojas, but the representative was not well received, and Ahmed Shah was too busy fighting off the Sikhs to attempt to enforce his demands through arms.

The Qing continued to hold Kashgar with occasional interruptions during the Afaqi Khoja revolts. One of the most serious of these occurred in 1827, when the city was taken by Jahanghir Khoja; Chang-lung, however, the Qing general of Ili, regained possession of Kashgar and the other rebellious cities in 1828.

The Kokand Khanate raided Kashgar several times. A revolt in 1829 under Mahommed Ali Khan and Yusuf, brother of Jahanghir resulted in the concession of several important trade privileges to the Muslims of the district of Altishahr (the "six cities"), as it was then called.

The area enjoyed relative calm until 1846 under the rule of Zahir-ud-din, the local Uyghur governor, but in that year a new Khoja revolt under Kath Tora led to his accession as the authoritarian ruler of the city. However, his reign was brief—at the end of seventy-five days, on the approach of the Chinese, he fled back to Khokand amid the jeers of the inhabitants. The last of the Khoja revolts (1857) was of about equal duration, and took place under Wali-Khan, who murdered the well-known traveler Adolf Schlagintweit.

1862 CHINESE HUI REVOLT

The great Dungan revolt (1862–1877) involved insurrection among various Muslim ethnic groups. It broke out in 1862 in Gansu then spread rapidly to Dzungaria and through the line of towns in the Tarim Basin.

Dungan troops based in Yarkand rose and in August 1864 massacred some seven thousand Chinese and their Manchu commander. The inhabitants of Kashgar, rising in their turn against their masters, invoked the aid of Sadik Beg, a Kyrgyz chief, who was reinforced by Buzurg Khan, the heir of Jahanghir Khoja, and his general Yakub Beg. The latter men were dispatched at Sadik’s request by the ruler of Khokand to raise what troops they could to aid his Muslim friends in Kashgar.

Sadik Beg soon repented of having asked for a Khoja, and eventually marched against Kashgar, which by this time had succumbed to Buzurg Khan and Yakub Beg, but was defeated and driven back to Khokand. Buzurg Khan delivered himself up to indolence and debauchery, but Yakub Beg, with singular energy and perseverance, made himself master of Yangi Shahr, Yangi-Hissar, Yarkand and other towns, and eventually became sole master of the country, Buzurg Khan proving himself totally unfit for the post of ruler.

With the overthrow of Chinese rule in 1865 by Yakub Beg (1820–1877), the manufacturing industries of Kashgar are supposed to have declined.

Yaqub Beg entered into relations and signed treaties with the Russian Empire and the British Empire, but when he tried to get their support against China, he failed.

Kashgar and the other cities of the Tarim Basin remained under Yakub Beg’s rule until May 1877, when he died at Korla. Thereafter Kashgaria was reconquered by the forces of the Qing general Zuo Zongtang during the Qing reconquest of Xinjiang.

QING RULE

There were eras in Xinjiang's history where intermarriage was common, "laxity" which set upon Uyghur women led them to marry Chinese men and not wear the veil in the period after Yaqub Beg's rule ended, it is also believed by Uyghurs that some Uyghurs have Han Chinese ancestry from historical intermarriage, such as those living in Turpan.

Even though Muslim women are forbidden to marry non-Muslims in Islamic law, from 1880-1949 it was frequently violated in Xinjiang since Chinese men married Muslim Turki (Uyghur) women, a reason suggested by foriengers that it was due to the women being poor, while the Turki women who married Chinese were labelled as whores by the Turki community, these marriages were illegitimate according to Islamic law but the women obtained benefits from marrying Chinese men since the Chinese defended them from Islamic authorities so the women were not subjected to the tax on prostitution and were able to save their income for themselves. Chinese men gave their Turki wives privileges which Turki men's wives did not have, since the wives of Chinese did not have to wear a veil and a Chinese man in Kashgar once beat a mullah who tried to force his Turki Kashgari wife to veil. The Turki women also benefited in that they were not subjected to any legal binding to their Chinese husbands so they could make their Chinese husbands provide them with as much their money as she wanted for her relatives and herself since otherwise the women could just leave, and the property of Chinese men was left to their Turki wives after they died. Turki women considered Turki men to be inferior husbands to Chinese and Hindus. Because they were viewed as "impure", Islamic cemeteries banned the Turki wives of Chinese men from being buried within them, the Turki women got around this problem by giving shrines donations and buying a grave in other towns. Besides Chinese men, other men such as Hindus, Armenians, Jews, Russians, and Badakhshanis intermarried with local Turki women. The local society accepted the Turki women and Chinese men's mixed offspring as their own people despite the marriages being in violation of Islamic law. Turki women also conducted temporary marriages with Chinese men such as Chinese soldiers temporarily stationed around them as soldiers for tours of duty, after which the Chinese men returned to their own cities, with the Chinese men selling their mixed daughters with the Turki women to his comrades, taking their sons with them if they could afford it but leaving them if they couldn't, and selling their temporary Turki wife to a comrade or leaving her behind.

An anti-Russian uproar broke out when Russian customs officials, 3 Cossacks and a Russian courier invited local Turki (Uyghur) prostitutes to a party in January 1902 in Kashgar, this caused a massive brawl by the inflamed local Turki Muslim populace against the Russians on the pretense of protecting Muslim women because there was anti-Russian sentiment being built up, even though morality was not strict in Kashgar, the local Turki Muslims violently clashed with the Russians before they were dispersed by guards, the Chinese sought to end to tensions to prevent the Russians from building up a pretext to invade.

After the riot, the Russians sent troops to Sarikol in Tashkurghan and demanded that the Sarikol postal services be placed under Russian supervision, the locals of Sarikol believed that the Russians would seize the entire district from the Chinese and send more soldiers even after the Russians tried to negotiate with the Begs of Sarikol and sway them to their side, they failed since the Sarikoli officials and authorities demanded in a petition to the Amban of Yarkand that they be evacuated to Yarkand to avoid being harassed by the Russians and objected to the Russian presence in Sarikol, the Sarikolis did not believe the Russian claim that they would leave them alone and only involved themselves in the mail service.

Many of the young Kashgari women were most attractive in appearance, and some of the little girls quite lovely, their plaits of long hair falling from under a jaunty little embroidered cap, their big dark eyes, flashing teeth and piquant olive faces reminding me of Italian or Spanish children. One most beautiful boy stands out in my memory. He was clad in a new shirt and trousers of flowered pink, his crimson velvet cap embroidered with gold, and as he smiled and salaamed to us I thought he looked like a fairy prince. The women wear their hair in two or five plaits much thickened and lengthened by the addition of yak's hair, but the children in several tiny plaits.

The peasants are fairly well off, as the soil is rich, the abundant water-supply free, and the taxation comparatively light. It was always interesting to meet them taking their live stock into market. Flocks of sheep with tiny lambs, black and white, pattered along the dusty road; here a goat followed its master like a dog, trotting behind the diminutive ass which the farmer bestrode; or boys, clad in the whity-brown native cloth, shouted incessantly at donkeys almost invisible under enormous loads of forage, or carried fowls and ducks in bunches head downwards, a sight that always made me long to come to the rescue of the luckless birds.

It was pleasant to see the women riding alone on horseback, managing their mounts to perfection. They formed a sharp contrast to their Persian sisters, who either sit behind their husbands or have their steeds led by the bridle; and instead of keeping silence in public, as is the rule for the shrouded women of Iran, these farmers' wives chaffered and haggled with the men in the bazar outside the city, transacting business with their veils thrown back.

Certainly the mullas do their best to keep the fair sex in their place, and are in the habit of beating those who show their faces in the Great Bazar. But I was told that poetic justice had lately been meted out to one of these upholders of the law of Islam, for by mistake he chastised a Kashgari woman married to a Chinaman, whereupon the irate husband set upon him with a big stick and castigated him soundly.

That a Muslim should take in marriage one of alien faith is not objected to; it is rather deemed a meritorious act thus to bring an unbeliever to the true religion. The Muslim woman, on the other hand, must not be given in marriage to a non-Muslim; such a union is regarded as the most heinous of sins. In this matter, however, compromises are sometimes made with heaven: the marriage of a Turki princess with the emperor Ch'ien-lung has already been referred to; and, when the present writer passed through Minjol (a day's journey west of Kashgar) in 1902, a Chinese with a Turki wife (? concubine) was presented to him.

FIRST EAST TURKESTAN REPUBLIC

Kashgar was the scene of continual battles from 1933 to 1934. Ma Shaowu, a Chinese Muslim, was the Tao-yin of Kashgar, and he fought against Uyghur rebels. He was joined by another Chinese Muslim general, Ma Zhancang.

BATTLE OF KASHGAR (1933)

Uighur and Kirghiz forces, led by the Bughra brothers and Tawfiq Bay, attempted to take the New City of Kashgar from Chinese Muslim troops under General Ma Zhancang. They were defeated.

Tawfiq Bey, a Syrian Arab traveler, who held the title Sayyid (descendent of prophet Muhammed) and arrived at Kashgar on August 26, 1933, was shot in the stomach by the Chinese Muslim troops in September. Previously Ma Zhancang arranged to have the Uighur leader Timur Beg killed and beheaded on August 9, 1933, displaying his head outside of Id Kah Mosque.

Han chinese troops commanded by Brigadier Yang were absorbed into Ma Zhancang's army. A number of Han chinese officers were spotted wearing the green uniforms of Ma Zhancang's unit of the 36th division, presumably they had converted to Islam.

BATTLE OF KASHGAR (1934)

The 36th division General Ma Fuyuan led a Chinese Muslim army to storm Kashgar on February 6, 1934, attacking the Uighur and Kirghiz rebels of the First East Turkestan Republic. He freed another 36th division general, Ma Zhancang, who was trapped with his Chinese Muslim and Han Chinese troops in Kashgar New City by the Uighurs and Kirghiz since May 22, 1933. In January, 1934, Ma Zhancang's Chinese Muslim troops repulsed six Uighur attacks, launched by Khoja Niyaz, who arrived at the city on January 13, 1934, inflicting massive casualties on the Uighur forces. From 2,000 to 8,000 Uighur civilians in Kashgar Old City were massacred by Tungans in February, 1934, in revenge for the Kizil massacre, after retreating of Uighur forces from the city to Yengi Hisar. The Chinese Muslim and 36th division Chief General Ma Zhongying, who arrived at Kashgar on April 7, 1934, gave a speech at Id Kah Mosque in April, reminding the Uighurs to be loyal to the Republic of China government at Nanjing. Several British citizens at the British consulate were killed or wounded by the 36th division on March 16, 1934.

PEOPLE´S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Kashgar was incorporated into the People's Republic of China in 1949. During the Cultural Revolution, one of the largest statues of Mao in China was built in Kashgar, near People's Square. In 1986, the Chinese government designated Kashgar a "city of historical and cultural significance". Kashgar and surrounding regions have been the site of Uyghur unrest since the 1990s. In 2008, two Uyghur men carried out a vehicular, IED and knife attack against police officers. In 2009, development of Kashgar's old town accelerated after the revelations of the deadly role of faulty architecture during the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Many of the old houses in the old town were built without regulation, and as a result, officials found them to be overcrowded and non-compliant with fire and earthquake codes. When the plan started, 42% of the city's residents lived in the old town. With compensation, residents of faulty buildings are being counseled to move to newer, safer buildings that will replace the historic structures in the $448 million plan, including high-rise apartments, plazas, and reproductions of ancient Islamic architecture. The European Parliament issued a resolution in 2011 calling for "culture-sensitive methods of renovation." The International Scientific Committee on Earthen Architectural Heritage (ISCEAH) has expressed concern over the demolition and reconstruction of historic buildings. ISCEAH has, additionally, urged the implementation of techniques utilized elsewhere in the world to address earthquake vulnerability.

Following the July 2009 Urumqi riots, the government focused on local economic development in an attempt to ameliorate ethnic tensions in the greater Xinjiang region. Kashgar was made into a Special Economic Zone in 2010, the first such zone in China's far west. In 2011, a spate of violence over two days killed dozens of people. By May 2012 two-thirds of the old city had been demolished, fulfilling "political as well as economic goals." In July 2014 the Imam of the Id Kah Mosque, Juma Tayir, was assassinated in Kashgar.

CLIMATE

Kashgar features a desert climate (Köppen BWk) with hot summers and cold winters, with large temperature differences between those two seasons: The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −5.3 °C in January to 25.6 °C in July, while the annual mean is 11.84 °C. Spring is long and arrives quickly, while fall is somewhat brief in comparison. Kashgar is one of the driest cities on the planet, averaging only 64 millimetres of precipitation per year. The city’s wettest month, July, only sees on average 9.1 millimetres of rain. Because of the extremely arid conditions, snowfall is rare, despite the cold winters. Records have been as low as −24.4 °C in January and up to 40.1 °C in July. The frost-free period averages 215 days. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 50% in March to 70% in September, the city receives 2,726 hours of bright sunshine annually.

DEMOGRAPHICS

Kashgar is predominately peopled by Muslim Uyghurs. Compared to Ürümqi, Xinjiang's capital and largest city, Kashgar is less industrial and has significantly fewer Han Chinese residents.

ECONOMICS AND SOCIETY

The city has a very important Sunday market. Thousands of farmers from the surrounding fertile lands come into the city to sell a wide variety of fruit and vegetables. Kashgar’s livestock market is also very lively. Silk and carpets made in Hotan are sold at bazaars, as well as local crafts, such as copper teapots and wooden jewellery boxes.

In order to boost the economy in Kashgar region, the government classified the area as the sixth Special Economic Zone of China in May 2010.

Mahmud al-Kashgari (Turkish: Kâşgarlı Mahmud) (Mahmut from Kashgar) wrote the first Turkic–Arabic Exemplary Dictionary called Divan-ı Lugat-it Türk[citation needed]

The movie The Kite Runner was filmed in Kashgar. Kashgar and the surrounding countryside stood in for Kabul and Afghanistan, since filming in Afghanistan was not possible due to safety and security reasons.

SIGHTS

Kashgar's Old City has been called "the best-preserved example of a traditional Islamic city to be found anywhere in Central Asia". It is estimated to attract more than one million tourists annually.

- Id Kah Mosque, the largest mosque in China, is located in the heart of the city.

- People's Park, the main public park in central Kashgar.

- An 18 m high statue of Mao Zedong in Kashgar is one of the few large-scale statues of Mao remaining in China.

- The tomb of Afaq Khoja in Kashgar is considered the holiest Muslim site in Xinjiang. Built in the 17th century, the tiled mausoleum 5 km northeast of the city centre also contains the tombs of five generations of his family. Abakh was a powerful ruler, controlling Khotan, Yarkand, Korla, Kucha and Aksu as well as Kashgar. Among some Uyghur Muslims, he was considered a great Saint (Aulia).

- Sunday Market in Kashgar is renowned as the biggest market in central Asia; a pivotal trading point along the Silk Road where goods have been traded for more than 2,000 years. The market is open every day but Sunday is the largest.

TRANSPORTATION

AIR

Kashgar Airport serves mainly domestic flights, the majority of them from Urumqi. The only scheduled international flights are passenger and cargo services with Pakistan's capital Islamabad.

RAIL

Kashgar has the westernmost railway station in China. It is connected to the rest of China's rail network via the Southern Xinjiang Railway, which was built in December 1999. Kashgar–Hotan Railway opened for passenger traffic in June 2011, and connected Kashgar with cities in the southern Tarim Basin including Shache (Yarkand), Yecheng (Kargilik) and Hotan. Travel time to Urumqi from Kashgar is approximately 25 hours, while travel time to Hotan is approximately ten hours.

The investigation work of a further extension of the railway line to Pakistan has begun. In November 2009, Pakistan and China agreed to set up a joint venture to do a feasibility study of the proposed rail link via the Khunjerab Pass.

Proposals for a rail connection to Osh in Kyrgyzstan have also been discussed at various levels since at least 1996.

In 2012, a standard gauge railway from Kashgar via Tajikistan and Afghanistan to Iran and beyond has been proposed.

ROAD

The Karakorum highway (KKH) links Islamabad, Pakistan with Kashgar over the Khunjerab Pass. The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor is a multibillion-dollar project was that will upgrade transport links between China and Pakistan, including the upgrades to the Karakorum highway. Bus routes exist for passenger travel south into Pakistan. Kyrgyzstan is also accessible from Kashgar, via the Torugart Pass and Irkeshtam Pass; as of summer 2007, daily bus service connects Kashgar with Bishkek’s Western Bus Terminal. Kashgar is also located on China National Highways G314 (which runs to Khunjerab Pass on the Sino−Pakistani border, and, in the opposite direction, towards Ürümqi), and G315, which runs to Xining, Qinghai from Kashgar.

WIKIPEDIA

"Residenz" voorkant by ♥ Annieta 

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Würzburg, Duitsland/Germany, mei 2013

Würzburg , Germany, 23 mei 2013

Eng. info: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_Residence

NL info: nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residentie_van_W%C3%BCrzburg

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My Flickr stream photos best to see on Portfolio | Fluidr

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Monkey God Festival by Paul Ang

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Eng Hoon Street

China - Kashgar - Streetlife - 81bb by Manfred Sommer