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[ENG] Attached to the north wall of the church, in what possibly it was going to constitute a lateral nave, there is situated a hall to which one accedes for the exterior door and that conects, on the one hand with a portico or rectangular lounge, for other one with the lateral apse and for the front with the church. The facade of the portico divides in four sections, in each of which a wide large window is opened surrounded by arches lightly pointed that roll over on thin columns with capitals of vegetable ornamentation.
[ESP] Adosado al muro norte de la iglesia, en lo que posiblemente iba a constituir una nave lateral, se halla un vestíbulo al que se accede por la puerta exterior y que comunica, por un lado con un pórtico o salón rectangular, por el otro con el ábside lateral y por el frente con la iglesia. La fachada del pórtico se divide en cuatro tramos, en cada uno de los cuales se abre un amplio ventanal rodeado por arcos ligeramente apuntados que voltean sobre finas columnillas con capiteles de ornamentación vegetal. El alero está sostenido por canecillos.
101163
jonas und claudia sitzen eng zusammen gekuschelt am offenen Fenster und schauen sich die verschneite Nachbarschaft an.
[ENG] When you wake up each morning, you can choose to be happy or choose to be sad. Unless some terrible catastrophe has occurred the night before, it is pretty much up to you. Tomorrow morning, when the sun shines through your window, choose to make it a happy day. Lynda Resnick, American billionaire, entrepreneur and businesswoman.
[ESP] Cuando te levantas cada mañana, puedes elegir entre ser feliz o estar triste. A menos que haya ocurrido una terrible catástrofe la noche anterior, depende de ti. Mañana por la mañana, cuando el sol brille a través de tu ventana, elige que sea un día feliz. Lynda Resnick , multimillonaria americana, emprendedora y empresaria.
190154
Eng: Small Pincertail
Presente por quase toda a Europa continental destaca-se pelas pinças na extremidade do abdómen dos machos. Muito parecido com o O. uncatus, distingue-se dele pela cor dos olhos, linhas do tórax e formato da pinça. Voa de Maio a Setembro em ribeiros rochosos.
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Present throughout much of continental Europe stands out for its appendages. Very similar to O. uncatus, distinguished by its eye colour, lines of the thorax and and shape of appendages. It flies from May to September in rocky streams
[ENG] In the Territory of Senia (Taula del Sénia), located in the neighboring area of the provinces of Castellón, Tarragona and Teruel (27 municipalities), Spain, is the highest concentration of millennial olive trees of the world, with 4,960 copies cataloged, most of the Farga variety, from whose olives a highly appreciated oil is obtained. The largest olive tree in Traiguera (Castellón) has a trunk perimeter of 10.20 m, and the base perimeter of 16.50 m., And the oldest was planted in 971. More photos in the album Millennial olive trees.
[ESP] En el Territorio del Senia (Taula del Sénia), situado en la zona colindante de las provincias de Castellón, Tarragona y Teruel (27 municipios), España, se encuentra la mayor concentración de olivos milenarios del mundo, estando catalogados 4960 ejemplares, la mayoría de la variedad Farga, de cuyas aceitunas se obtiene un aceite muy apreciado. El olivo más grande de Traiguera (Castellón) tiene el perímetro de tronco de 10.20 m, y el de la base de 16,50 m., y el más antiguo se plantó en el año 971. Más fotografías en el álbum Olivos milenarios.
190062
[ENG] The Museo de Bellas Artes de Sevilla (Museum of Fine Arts) is one of the great art galleries in Spain and an absolute reference in Sevillian Baroque, in which Important paintings by Murillo, Zurbarán, Valdés Leal and others are exhibited. It also highlights a section of painting from the 19th and early 20th centuries with Andalusian scenes, as well as sculptures with works by Juan de Mesa, Pedro de Mena and Pietro Torrigiano. The collection began with works from confiscated convents and monasteries, which is why an important part of the works are religious teme. More photos in the album Museum of Fine Arts of Sevilla; Spain.
Museo de Bellas Artes de Sevilla (España)
Santa Ana (hacia 1700)
Juan Simón Gutiérrez (Medina Sidonia, Cádiz 1634 – Sevilla 1718)
Procedencia: Desamortización (1840)
[ESP] El Museo de Bellas Artes de Sevilla es una de las grandes pinacotecas de España y una referencia absoluta en barroco sevillano, en el que se exponen importantes cuadros de Murillo, Zurbarán, Valdés Leal y otros. También destaca una sección de pintura de siglo XIX y principios del XX con escenas andaluzas, así como esculturas con obras de Juan de Mesa, Pedro de Mena y Pietro Torrigiano. La colección se inició con obras procedentes de conventos y monasterios desamortizados, razón por la que una parte importante de las obras son de temática religiosa. Más fotografías en el álbum Museo de Bellas Artes de Sevilla, España.
21C4247
eng.taiwan.net.tw/m1.aspx?sNo=0002111&id=R117
Gaomei was called Gaomi in the Qing Dynasty and was renamed during the Japanese occupation. The wetlands here are over 300 hectares, but the area is only 1/10 of Dadu River wetlands. The geography is divided into 7 categories, which results in diversified organisms in this area. Gaomei Wetlands is one of the few places that has wild ducks.
Despite the small area, Gaomei Wetlands have special soils mixed with mud and sand. Ecology here breeds diversified organisms of both plants and animals. Research shows that animals here include birds, fishes, crabs and invertebrates.
位於清水大甲溪出海口南側，廣達1,500公頃的高美濕地，擁有豐富的天然資源，是國內少數幾處雁鴨集體繁殖區之一。 曾在高美濕地棲息的鳥類有多達120餘種，為重要之生態保育區。 目前已逐漸取代大肚溪口，成為喜好賞鳥人士的新興賞線。
高美濕地雖然面積不大，但是由於泥質及沙質灘地兼具，加上與河口沼澤地帶鑲嵌在一起，所以孕育了豐富又複雜的濕地生態，以及目前所知全台灣最大族群的雲林莞草區，形成乾濕相間伴有植物生長的複雜地形，因為地形多變，生態種類亦相當複雜，主要為鳥類、魚類、蟹類及其他無脊椎類等生物。
[ENG bellow]
ESP - Meloncillo (Herpestes ichneumon).
Es un mamífero de hábitos tanto nocturnos como diurnos, bastante atrevido, pues se enfrenta a otros animales como el jabalí o las víboras.
Es el protagonista de muchas de las historietas basadas en el mito de la existencia de una culebra grande y peluda, ya que cuando una hembra de meloncillo se desplaza con sus crías estas se colocan en fila una detrás de otra bajo la cola de la anterior, lo cual les da la apariencia de una serpiente con pelo reptando. 😄.
ENG - Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon).
It is a mammal of both nocturnal and diurnal habits, is the protagonist of many of the stories based on the myth of the existence of a large and hairy snake, since when a female of mongoose moves with her cubs they are placed in a row one behind the other under the tail of the previous one, which gives them the appearance of a hairy snake crawling.
(Sorry, I do my best with my English, 🙏😅).
© Ana Dracaena, Dracaena Photography, 2019.
In El Pedroso, Seville (Spain).
[ENG] The srtawberry tree is a shrub of everlasting leaf of the family of the ericáceas, with alternate leaves, white flowers and red eatable fruit that lives about the Mediterranean region and in the part Europa's west. The fruit, named arbutus, they are berries of yellowish meat, they are late one year in maturing (the flowers coexist with the fruits in the same plant), they are yellow and acid up to reaching his maturity that are sweet and red. His consumption in big quantities is indigestible. The sugars transform partially in alcohol when they have matured in exces. They have uses pharmacological and ornamental.
[ESP] El madroño es un arbusto de hoja perenne de la familia de las ericáceas, con hojas alternas, flores blancas y fruto rojo comestible que habita alrededor de la región mediterránea y en la parte oeste de Europa. Los frutos, con el mismo nombre, son bayas de carne amarillenta, tardan un año en madurar (las flores conviven con los frutos en el mismo ejemplar), son amarillos y ácidos hasta alcanzar su madurez que son dulces y rojos. Su consumo en grandes cantidades es indigesto. Los azúcares se transforman parcialmente en alcohol cuando han madurado en exceso. Tienen usos farmacológicos y ornamentales.
161480
[ENG] The Church of Saint Andrew de Salardú, located in the Aran Valley (Lleida, Spain), was built between the 12th and 13th centuries in a transitional Romanesque to Gothic style. It has a basilica plan with three naves and four sections, and head-board of three semicircular apses. The most outstanding elements are a valuable polychrome wood carving (12th century) known as the Christ of Salardú, the bell tower of 25 m. high (15th century), the Romanesque portal of five archivolts adorned with plant motifs supported by columns, and the exceptional set of Renaissance wall paintings (17th century). More photos in the album Church of Saint Andrew of Salardu, Aran Valley.
[ESP] En la cabecera de la iglesia de Sant Andreu de Salardú luce un excepcional conjunto pictórico renacentista, el más extenso y mejor conservado del Valle de Arán. Permaneció oculto durante mucho tiempo y fue recuperado a finales del siglo XX. Las pinturas del presbiterio son las más antiguas (1540) y de mayor calidad, representan a Cristo entronizado vistiendo amplia capa púrpura y con el orbe terrestre en la mano, rodeado de los Evangelistas, en la bóveda, y el martirio de San Andrés y la decapitación de San Juan Bautista en los muros laterales. En las paredes del primer tramo podemos contemplar un extenso programa iconográfico pintado a partir de 1584 representando Santos, las Virtudes teologales y cardinales y escenas de las vidas de María y San Andrés.
La Iglesia de Sant Andreu de Salardú, situada en el Valle de Arán (Lleida, España), se construyó entre los siglos XII y XIII en estilo románico de transición al gótico. Es de planta basilical con tres naves y cuatro tramos, y cabecera con tres ábsides semicirculares. Los elementos más destacados son una valiosa talla en madera policromada (siglo XII) conocida como el Cristo de Salardú, la torre campanario de 25 m. de altura (siglo XV), la portada románica de cinco arquivoltas adornadas con motivos vegetales que apoyan en columnas, y el excepcional conjunto de pinturas murales renacentistas (siglo XVII). Más fotografías en el álbum Iglesia de San Andrés de Salardú, Valle de Aran.
195954
[ENG] The srtawberry tree is a shrub of everlasting leaf of the family of the ericáceas, with alternate leaves, white flowers and red eatable fruit that lives about the Mediterranean region and in the part Europa's west. The fruit, named arbutus, they are berries of yellowish meat, they are late one year in maturing (the flowers coexist with the fruits in the same plant), they are yellow and acid up to reaching his maturity that are sweet and red. His consumption in big quantities is indigestible. The sugars transform partially in alcohol when they have matured in exces. They have uses pharmacological and ornamental.
[ESP] El madroño es un arbusto de hoja perenne de la familia de las ericáceas, con hojas alternas, flores blancas y fruto rojo comestible que habita alrededor de la región mediterránea y en la parte oeste de Europa. Los frutos, con el mismo nombre, son bayas de carne amarillenta, tardan un año en madurar (las flores conviven con los frutos en el mismo ejemplar), son amarillos y ácidos hasta alcanzar su madurez que son dulces y rojos. Su consumo en grandes cantidades es indigesto. Los azúcares se transforman parcialmente en alcohol cuando han madurado en exceso. Tienen usos farmacológicos y ornamentales.
146952
The-Light-Painter
Naturfotografie Naturphotographie
Delight
just what: observer and eye-catcher!
nur was für : Beobachter und Hingucker !
gelungene Dekoration durch Beleuchtung
gesteigert.
interesting pictures Bright-spots
Breathtaking and Color
ENG:
Remembering the early eighties. This cassette recorder was intended for recording digital data on cassette; however, it is also a very useful general audio cassette recorder.
The rotary tone and volume knobs were extremely useful for increasing compatibility as a data recorder with other computers of that era. If you have a ZX81, BBC Master, Commodore, or any of the home computers from the 80s, this unit should work well with it. I used it for recording data from the ZX81 and for audio recording in the field. It served me perfectly and is still useful today.
GER:
Erinnerungen an die frühen 80er Jahre. Dieses Kassettenlaufwerk war für die Aufzeichnung digitaler Daten auf Kassette gedacht; es ist aber auch ein sehr brauchbares allgemeines Audiokassettenlaufwerk.
Die Drehknöpfe für Ton und Lautstärke waren äußerst nützlich, um die Kompatibilität als Datenrekorder mit anderen Computern dieser Zeit zu erhöhen. Wenn Sie einen ZX81, BBC Master, Commodore oder einen anderen Heimcomputer aus den 80er Jahren haben, sollte dieses Gerät gut damit funktionieren. Ich habe es verwendet, um Daten vom ZX81 aufzunehmen und um Audioaufnahmen im Feld zu machen. Es hat mir ausgezeichnete Dienste geleistet und ist auch heute noch brauchbar.
9V-OTF Scoot Boeing 777-212(ER) - cn 28522 ...flying in from Qingdao Liuting Int'l (ZSQD / TAO) 10:13AM CST arriving SIN/WSSS 04:05PM SGT as flight SCO/TZ95 (5 hours 52 minutes)
Aircraft Name: Bo-Eng Boeing
Apr 2001 was her first flight. Delivered to Scoot 28 Oct 2013
[ENG] Santa María de Naranco is one of the most enigmatic and harmonious monuments of Western architecture. It is an old palace that was the Aula Regia of the palace complex that King Ramiro I (842-850) ordered to be built on the outskirts of the capital of the kingdom of Asturias. It was completed in the year 842. Its artistic style is the so-called Asturian or "ramirense" art, within the pre-Romanesque period. It functioned as a temple from the collapse of the chevet and part of the naves of San Miguel de Lillo (12th century) until its restoration in the years 1929-1934. It is located on the southern slope of Mount Naranco, about 4 km from Oviedo (Asturias, Spain). It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985. More photos in the album Santa María de Naranco (9th century)
[ESP] Santa María de Naranco es uno de los monumentos más enigmáticos y armoniosos de la arquitectura occidental. Es un antiguo palacio que fue el Aula Regia del conjunto palacial que el rey Ramiro I (842-850) mandó construir en las afueras de la capital del reino de Asturias. Se terminó en el año 842. Su estilo artístico es el denominado arte asturiano o "ramirense", dentro del prerrománico. Funcionó como templo desde el derrumbamiento de la cabecera y de parte de las naves de San Miguel de Lillo (siglo XII) hasta su restauración en los años 1929-1934. Se ubica en la ladera meridional del Monte Naranco, a unos 4 km de Oviedo (Asturias, España). Fue declarado Patrimonio Mundial de la Humanidad por la Unesco en 1985. Más fotografías en el álbum Santa María de Naranco (siglo IX)
23P1486
[ENG] The complex of Wetlands of Sastago-Bujaraloz constitutes a set of endorheic lagoons without drainage, temporary and saline, considered as the most extensive and important in Europe, being unique for its peculiarities. It is located between the towns of Bujaraloz (Huesca, Spain) and Sástago (Zaragoza, Spain) between the regions of Los Monegros and the Ribera Baja de Ebro. These lagoons are flooded after the rains, and some - located below the water table - They also receive underground water, the latter being the ones with the highest concentration of salts. The evaporation exposes the bottom of the lagoon with a characteristic white saline crust. The vegetation that lives in the salt flats is adapted to low rainfall and extreme temperatures, and is arranged in concentric rings depending on its tolerance to salinity, the macrophytes appearing inside the buckets. Among the inhabitants of the salt flats, the aquatic invertebrates that have adapted their cycle to the presence of water stand out. And in its vicinity you can see foxes, rabbits, garden dormouse and ocellated lizards, as well as the birds short-toed snake eagle, Eurasian stone-curlew, golden eagle, common sandpiper, lesser kestrel, Dupont's lark, black-bellied sandgrouse and pin-tailed sandgrouse.
The Salada de la Playa is the largest of the whole and with the greatest presence of water, in which there are ruins of constructions related to the exploitation of salt dating from the 17th and 18th centuries, between those that include evaporation terraces, wells, salt store and barracks of soldiers guarding the farms.
Other pictures in Saladas de Sástago-Bujaraloz album.
[ESP] El complejo de Humedales de Sástago-Bujaraloz constituye un conjunto de lagunas endorreicas (sin desagüe), temporales y salinas, considerado como el más extenso e importante de Europa, siendo único por sus particularidades. Está situado entre las localidades de Bujaraloz (Huesca, España) y Sástago (Zaragoza, España) entre las comarcas de Los Monegros y la Ribera Baja de Ebro. Estas lagunas se inundan tras las lluvias, y algunas –situadas por debajo del nivel freático- también reciben agua subterráneas, siendo estas últimas las que tienen mayor concentración de sales. La evaporación deja al descubierto el fondo de la laguna con una costra salina blanca característica. La vegetación que vive en las salinas está adaptada a las lluvias escasas y a las temperaturas extremas, y se dispone en anillos concéntricos en función de su tolerancia a la salinidad, apareciendo en el interior de las cubetas los macrófitos. Entre los moradores de las salinas destacan los invertebrados acuáticos que han adaptado su ciclo a la presencia de agua. Y en sus proximidades se pueden observar zorros, conejos, lirón careto y lagartos ocelados, así como las aves culebrera europea, avutarda, archibebe común, alcaraván, ágila real, andarríos chico, cernícalo primilla, rocín o alondra de Dupond, ganga ortega y ganga común.
La Salada de la Playa es la mayor de todo el conjunto y con mayor presencia de agua, en la que existen ruinas de construcciones relacionadas con la explotación de la sal que datan de los siglos XVII y XVIII, entre las que se incluyen eras de evaporación, pozos, almacén de sal y cuartel de soldados que custodiaban las explotaciones.
Más fotografías en el álbum Saladas de Sástago-Bujaraloz
197878
Red-eared slider Turtles:
The red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) (Br. Eng Red-eared terrapin) is
a semiaquatic turtle belonging to the family Emydidae. It is a subspecies of pond
slider. It is the most popular pet turtle in the United States and also popular in
the rest of the world. It is native only to the southern United States and northern
Mexico, but has become established in other places because of pet releases
and has become an invasive species in many introduced areas, such as California,
where it outcompetes the native western pond turtle.
For more info see: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-eared_slider
Can you count the turtles... better viewed in the larger size!!!
This is for my sweet Flickr friend Nancy aka turtlemom4bacon... enjoy as I know
you do luv your turtles and I should have made this dedication when I first posted!!!
[ENG] The Granada Cathedral, or the Cathedral of the Incarnation, shows impressive fronts and a magnificent interior with a grand altarpiece, several chapels and a sepulchral chamber in that the tombs of the Catholic Monarchs are situated. His construction began in 1523 in the place where the former Major Mosque had been placed under the direction of the architect Enrique Egas who conceived the temple in Gothic style, though his work remained limited to the foundation. In 1529 Diego de Siloé took charge of the works following his project of Renaissance lines, with ambulatory and five naves (instead of the three habitual ones) and it remained concluded in 1563. The main facade was undertaken in 1664 by Alonso Cano, in which Baroque elements were introduced. In 1706 Francisco de Hurtado Izquierdo and later his collaborator José Bada they constructed the current tabernacle of the cathedral. Only there got up a tower of three bodies instead of the two of six bodies projected. The lateral naves are closed in numerous chapels of different epochs and styles.
[ESP] La Catedral de Granada, o Catedral de la Anunciación, muestra impresionantes fachadas y un magnifico interior con un grandioso retablo, varias capillas y una cámara sepulcral en la que se hallan las tumbas de los Reyes Católicos. Su construcción se inició en 1523 en el lugar donde había estado situada la antigua Mezquita Mayor bajo la dirección del arquitecto Enrique Egas que concibió el templo en estilo gótico florido, aunque su trabajo quedó circunscrito a la cimentación. En 1529 Diego de Siloé se encargó de las obras siguiendo su proyecto de líneas renacentistas, con girola y cinco naves (en lugar de las tres habituales) y quedó concluido en 1563. La fachada principal fue emprendida por Alonso Cano en 1664, en la que se introdujeron elementos barrocos. En 1706 Francisco de Hurtado Izquierdo y posteriormente su colaborador José Bada construyeron el actual sagrario de la catedral. Sólo se levantó una torre de tres cuerpos en lugar de las dos de seis cuerpos proyectadas. Las naves laterales se cierran en numerosas capillas de diferentes épocas y estilos.
083876
Foto Emílio Biel in Porto de Leixões – fotografias de Domingos Alvão. Emílio Biel APDL 1998.
Reunidas há séculos as condições naturais e a vontade dos homens, e após vários projetos que não passaram do papel desde 1852, só os projetos apresentados em 1878 pelo Eng.º Afonso Joaquim Nogueira Soares e em 1881 por Sir John Coode levaram a que, em junho de 1883, o ministro das Obras Públicas, Hintze Ribeiro, tenha tomado a decisão política visando a construção de um porto de abrigo artificial em Leixões ao apresentar na Câmara dos Deputados uma Proposta de Lei autorizando o Governo a adjudicar a construção do porto artificial de abrigo de Leixões (Lei de 26/06/1883).
É que um conjunto de rochedos, a que os homens deram o nome de «Leixões (o «Espinheiro», a «Alagadiça», o «Leixão» grande e o «Leixão» pequeno, como grande e pequeno eram também os rochedos da «Lada», o «Tringalé», o «Galinheiro», o «Cavalo de Leixão», a «Quilha», a «Baixa do Moço», o «Fuzilhão», o «Baixo do Leixão Velho» e muitos outros), descreviam um semicírculo no mar, formando como que um porto de abrigo natural junto à foz do rio Leça
Julgando-se então convenientes algumas modificações, foi responsabilizado pela elaboração do projeto definitivo o Eng.º Afonso Joaquim Nogueira Soares que o deu por concluído a 24/08/1883 (justo será salientar o nome de Adolpho Loureiro que, durante este período, fez parte de uma série de comissões que acompanharam a elaboração desse projeto final):
por um Decreto de 23/10/1883, foi aberto um concurso internacional para a definitiva construção do porto artificial de Leixões, sendo de 4500 contos de reis a base de licitação da obra;
na sequência deste concurso, foi lavrado no Gabinete do Ministro das Obras publicas, Commercio e Industria, a 16/02/1884, o contrato de empreitada geral para a construção do porto artificial de Leixões com a empresa «Dauderni et Duparchy» que havia vencido o concurso (em boa verdade, tinham sido os únicos a concorrer) tendo sido de 4 489 000$00 (4 milhões e 489 mil reis ou 4500 contos de reis) o valor da adjudicação, na presença do empreiteiro francês mr. Jean-Baptiste Dauderni (Basècles, Hainaut, 11/01/1827 - Hotel Central de Panamá, Praça da Catedral, 15/04/1886), por si e como procurador que mostrou ser do empreiteiro e engenheiro francês Mr. Jean Alexis Dauphin Duparchy que tinha participado entre 1866 e 1869 na construção do Canal de Suez juntamente com os engenheiros franceses Jean-Baptiste Dauderni e Edmond Bartissol e que em 1870 participou na guerra como Chefe de Batalhão de franco-atiradores, tendo casado com Marie Elisa Roussel em Cérilly a 08/09/1875 e da qual não teve filhos (este contrato de empreitada tinha 45 artigos e uma mapa);
as obras de construção do Porto de Leixões (como porto de abrigo artificial de navios), uma das maiores obras de Engenharia Civil do séc. XIX, iniciaram-se a 13/07/1884 e os trabalhos foram dirigidos pelo Eng.º francês Wiriot (o diretor técnico das obras), sob a fiscalização do governo português que, para tal, nomeou o Eng.º Afonso Joaquim Nogueira Soares, autor do projeto.
Durante o período da construção, ocorreu a morte do viúvo Jean-Baptiste Dauderni a 15/04/1886 (a esposa dele, Amélie Passerieux com quem tinha casado a 01/09/1856 em Narbonne, tinha falecido com 49 anos a 04/02/1881), passando a empreitada para o nome de «Duparchy & Bartissol» (o Eng.º Edmond Bartissol substituiu assim o falecido Eng.º Jean-Baptiste Duaderni na empresa construtora), o que não colocou em causa os prazos previstos:
entrega provisória em 1892 e definitiva em fevereiro de 1895;
a sua construção foi concluída em 1895;
O Projecto do Eng.º Afonso Joaquim Nogueira Soares consistia na construção de 2 extensos paredões ou molhes (o do lado Norte com 1579 m e o do lado Sul com 1147 m) que, enraizados nas praias adjacentes à foz do Rio Leça, formavam uma enseada com cerca de 95 hectares e com fundos entre 7 e 16 metros de profundidade;
além dos paredões, foi construído também um quebra-mar que, elevando-se apenas um metro acima do zero hidrográfico, prolongava em mais algumas centenas de metros o Molhe Norte. Terminava este esporão numa plataforma onde emergia um farolim.
O título de 1.º Barão de Duparchy foi concedido por Carta de D. Luís I de Portugal de 23/12/1886 a Jean Alexis Dauphin Duparchy (Alièze, 12/03/1835 - Savigny sur Orge, 02/101907), tendo-lhe sido concedido o título de 1.º Conde de Duparchy por Carta de D. Carlos I de Portugal de 14/05/1891 (Duparchy vendeu à família Duarte Figueiredo em 1895 a sua casa que tinha construído a 1 Km das termas do Luso e junto à Mata Nacional do Buçaco, a Vila Duparchy que desde 1987 foi aberta pelos seus proprietários a turismo de habitação, para regressar a França e comprar o Castelo de Savigny sur Orge por ter tido lucros consideráveis na construção do porto de Leixões).
Sua Majestade El-Rei D. Luiz I e a família Real visitaram a Pedreira de S. Gens e o porto de Leixões em construção, a 27/09/1887, por convite da empresa construtora 'Duparchy & Bartissol':
o comboio que o trouxe da Pedreira de S. Gens na Senhora da Hora chegou à praia de Matosinhos perto do Monumento do Senhor do Padrão por volta das 14:40 e, após uma pequena paragem por causa de uma manobra que ele teve que executar e da entrada no comboio do Sr. conselheiro e ministro de Estado honorário Barjona de Freitas, seguiu pelo Molhe Sul percorrendo os seus cerca de 700 m então existentes;
a família real, saindo da carruagem, assistiu, bem como todos os convidados, à rápida e perfeita colocação, por meio de um pequeno guindaste, de uma pedra no muro de abrigo, pedra que em letras abertas e douradas tinha a inscrição «27 DE SEPTEMBRO DE 1887 – VISITA DE S.M. EL-REI D. LUIZ I» com as armas nacionais muito bem lavradas por cima dessa inscrição;
a Família real dirigiu-se para a extremidade do muro, onde o sr. Eng.º Edmond Bartissol (Portel-les-Corbières, Aude, 20/12/1841 - Paris, 16/08/1916, vítima de congestão pulmonar), para satisfazer o natural desejo de el-rei, o informou amiudamente dos trabalhos realizados e a realizar, dos processos usados na construção daquela monumental obra de arte, etc.;
em seguida, o Titã mostrou os seus prodígios levando uma vagonete com grandes calhaus do peso de 10 toneladas métricas, pouco mais ou menos, e arremessou-os ao fundo do mar, espadanando a água a grande altura (aqui foi apresentado a el-rei, pelo sr. Bartissol, o hábil engenheiro director técnico francês daquelas obras, o sr. Wiriot, com quem el-rei se demorou conversando durante algum tempo);
depois, o comboio inverteu a marcha e conduziu a família real ao Molhe Norte também em construção atravessando a Ponte do Comboio construída há 3 anos e chegando ao fim dos cerca de 700 m que então o Molhe Norte tinha por volta das 15:25;
a família real, saindo de novo do comboio, assistiu também à colocação neste muro de abrigo de outra pedra em tudo idêntica à que anteriormente fora colocada no Molhe Sul, isto é, com as mesmas armas e a mesma inscrição;
ao findar este trabalho, um dos empregados da empresa, que tinha no braço esquerdo um laço de fita azul e branca, levantou vivas a el-rei, à rainha, príncipes, incluindo o da Beira, e finalmente a toda a família real;
a banda do Regimento de Infantaria 10 executou o hino real, sendo queimados muitos foguetes;
na extremidade do muro, o Eng.º Afonso Joaquim Nogueira Soares esteve explicando a el-rei a forma como eram colocados os blocos, dando-lhe outras informações que S.M. ouvia com vivo interesse.
Uma zorra conduziu para junto do grande Titã deste molhe um bloco que tinha gravada a inscrição «BLOCO COLOCADO NA PRESENÇA DE EL-REI D. LUIZ E DE SUA AUGUSTA FAMÍLIA NO DIA 27 DE SEPTEMBRO DE 1887», e o prodigioso aparelho levantou-o da zorra por meio de correntes de ferro, ergueu-o ao ar e desceu-o até ao mar colocando-o em cima dos outros em 10 minutos, se tanto;
no Leixão grande, que ainda ficava a bastante distância dos muros de abrigo Norte e Sul, achava-se hasteada a bandeira nacional;
já passava das 16:00 quando a família real e seus convidados voltaram no comboio pelo Molhe Norte até à marginal de Leixões em Leça da Palmeira para usufruírem do 'lunch' servido num Pavilhão;
terminado o lanche, a família real voltou para o Porto no comboio que a tinha trazido, passando de novo pela Ponte do Comboio a acaminho de S. Gens na Senhora da Hora e, daqui, a caminho da Trindade..
Sua Majestade El-Rei D. Carlos I também o visitou, a 26/11/1891:
Em 1892, o Titã do Molhe Norte caiu ao mar devido a um temporal, tendo sido recuperado posteriormente.
Mais tarde, no inicio do séc. XX, foi discutida a necessidade de o transformar num porto comercial, um objetivo apenas conseguido em 1940 com a conclusão da doca n.º 1 que foi inaugurada a 04/07/1940.
Nas décadas seguintes, foram edificadas as docas n.º 2 e n.º 4, o cais do pescado e os terminais de contentores e petroleiros.
A Bacia, construída em 1984, sustentava em cada um dos seus Molhes os guindastes denominados Titãs, cada um pesando 400 toneladas:
um dos principais problemas que se colocava à construção dos molhes Norte e Sul era exatamente a forma como se procederia para erguer, e posteriormente depositar no local desejado, os pesadíssimos blocos graníticos;
para resolver esta questão a empresa «Dauderni et Duparchy» encomendou em 1886 às famosas oficinas da empresa francesa de Fives-Lille, em Lille, 2 gigantescos e poderosos guindastes movidos a vapor que se deslocavam, igualmente, sobre carris (guindastes ou gruas que, pelo seu aspeto colossal, tinham o nome de Titãs e tinham sido desenhados pelo catalão Bonnaventure Bassères);
há uns anos, estes gigantescos guindastes ainda permaneciam e resistiam sobre os molhes que construíram, quais 2 titânicas estátuas erigidas à memória dos tempos pioneiros da construção do porto de mar;
a importância crucial que possuíram no contexto da edificação desta estrutura portuária, a sua imponência e força, e o valor simbólico que, ao longo do século, criaram em torno de si, merecem uma atenção mais demorada;
montados em Leixões os Titãs em 1886 até 25 de outubro e dirigidos durante os primeiros anos exclusivamente por um técnico francês, de seu nome Lecrit, revelaram-se de facto como peças fundamentais na construção do porto;
paulatinamente, bloco após bloco e graças à sua ação, os 2 molhes foram avançando mar adentro (é que eles levantavam blocos de 50 toneladas e podiam lançá-los a mais de 29 m de distância, apesar de blocos com menos de 15 toneladas poderem ser lançados a mais de 44 m de distância do seu ponto de rotação);
movidos a vapor (ainda hoje é possível descortinar no seu topo a «Casa das Máquinas», com 2 caldeiras cada um), os titãs tinham uma potência de 25/30 HP e foram utilizados na construção dos molhes Norte e Sul do porto de Leixões, não se tratando, ao contrário do que muita gente pensa, de guindastes para carga e descarga, pese embora tenham posteriormente desempenhado também essas funções (pelo menos o do Molhe Sul, até aos anos 60 do séc. XX).
Eng/ Hello everyone! I want to announce the commissions will be open the 2nd of April (Saturday) at 17:00 pm, spanish time.
There will be a limited number of slots.
People who are interested, only will have to write me from that date, not before please, to my mail for reserve one or more, raquelclemente.shop@outlook.es
It is very important when you send me the message, you put your name, your country and model of your doll/dolls. I accept 3 heads per person maximum.
I will answer to tell you if you've got your slot/slots or not. :-)
You can check prices and doubts about commissions in my website, www.raquelclementedolls.com/
Remember I'm no longer accepting commissions for Monster high, ever after high, Bratz and Barbie dolls.
You can send Bjds (animals included), Dal, Byul, Taeyang, Isul, Pullip, Azone/pure neemo and dollfie dreams.
If you have any question, don't hesitate to contact me.
I will try to respond as soon as possible.
Thank you so much for reading! Kisses <3
*
Apertura de encargos ^__^
Esp/ ¡Hola a todos! Quiero anunciaros que las comisiones se abrirán el día 2 de Abril (sábado), a las 17:00 pm, hora española.
Habrá un número limitado de plazas.
Para las personas que estén interesadas, sólo tendréis que escribirme a partir de esa fecha, no antes por favor, a mi email, raquelclemente.shop@outlook.es
Es muy importante que cuando me enviéis el mensaje, pongáis vuestro nombre, país y modelo de vuestra muñeca/s.
Podéis enviar hasta 3 cabezas por persona.
Os responderé para deciros si habéis conseguido vuestra plaza o no. :-)
Podéis consultar los precios y dudas sobre comisiones en mi página web, www.raquelclementedolls.com/
Recordad que ya no estoy aceptando más encargos para muñecas Monster High,Ever After High, Bratz y Barbie.
Podéis enviar Bjds (animales incluidos), Dal, Byul, Taeyang, Isul, Pullip, Azone/pure neemo y dollfie dreams.
Si tenéis alguna pregunta, no dudéis en escribirme.
Intentaré responder tan pronto como pueda.
¡Muchas gracias por leer! Besos <3
[ENG]
This week theme for the group MACROMONDAY is : THE COLOR BLUE.
This time I needed to create a quick and easy setup, due to a terrible lack of time.
And also BLUE was my choice for the teme MONOCHROME a couple of weeks ago....
Had to try someting different.
But I wanted to accomplish my job, so I chose a simple subject. Just a couple of test shots to adjust light, and here it is my contribution.
I have included below a photo of my setup.
I really apreciate your support so, please, if you like it, press F
looking for a better view? press L
[ITA]
Il tema di questa settimana per il gruppo MACROMONDAY è: IL COLORE BLU.
Avevo già scelto questo colore per il tema del MONOCROMO qualche settimana fa, in più questo week end proprio non avevo tempo, così ho optato per qualcosa di semplice e veloce. In pochi minuti, con un paio di scatti di prova per regolare la luce, ho ottenuto questo. Spero che vi piaccia.
Ho inserito qui sotto anche una foto del setup, visto il successo che ha avuto questa cosa le volte scorse...
Il vostro sostegno è molto importante. Quindi, se vi piace, premete F
se volete vederla meglio, premete L
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I'm also on: Getty Images / 500px / Google Earth / Twitter
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. . . I have been six times in China
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Kashgar is an oasis city with an approximate population of 350,000. It is the westernmost city in China, located near the border with Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Kashgar has a rich history of over 2,000 years and served as a trading post and strategically important city on the Silk Road between China, the Middle East, and Europe. Kashgar is part of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor.
Located historically at the convergence point of widely varying cultures and empires, Kashgar has been under the rule of the Chinese, Turkic, Mongol, and Tibetan empires. The city has also been the site of an extraordinary number of battles between various groups of people on the steppes.
Now administered as a county-level unit of the People's Republic of China, Kashgar is the administrative centre of its eponymous prefecture in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region which has an area of 162,000 square kilometres and a population of approximately 3.5 million. The city's urban area covers 15 km2, though its administrative area extends over 555 km2.
NAME
The modern Chinese name is 喀什 (Kāshí), a shortened form of the longer and less-frequently used (simplified Chinese: 喀什噶尔; traditional Chinese: 喀什噶爾; pinyin: Kāshígé’ěr; Uyghur: قەشقەر). Ptolemy (AD 90-168), in his Geography, Chapter 15.3A, refers to Kashgar as “Kasi”. Its western and probably indigenous name is the Kāš ("rock"), to which the East Iranian -γar ("mountain"); cf. Pashto and Middle Persian gar/ġar, from Old Persian/Pahlavi girīwa ("hill; ridge (of a mountain)") was attached. Alternative historical Romanizations for "Kashgar" include Cascar and Cashgar.
Non-native names for the city, such as the old Chinese name Shule 疏勒 and Tibetan Śu-lig may have originated as an attempts to transcribe the Sanskrit name for Kashgar, Śrīkrīrāti ("fortunate hospitality")
Variant transcriptions of the official Uyghur: يېڭىشەھەر include: K̂äxk̂är or Kaxgar, as well as Jangi-schahr, Kashgar Yangi Shahr, K’o-shih-ka-erh, K’o-shih-ka-erh-hsin-ch’eng, Ko-shih-ka-erh-hui-ch’eng, K’o-shih-ko-erh-hsin-ch’eng, New Kashgar, Sheleh, Shuleh, Shulen, Shu-lo, Su-lo, Su-lo-chen, Su-lo-hsien, Yangi-shaar, Yangi-shahr, Yangishar, Yéngisheher, Yengixəh̨ər and Еңишәһәр.
HISTORY
HAN DYNASTY
The earliest mention of Kashgar occurs when a Chinese Han dynasty envoy traveled the Northern Silk Road to explore lands to the west.
Another early mention of Kashgar is during the Former Han (also known as the Western Han dynasty), when in 76 BC the Chinese conquered the Xiongnu, Yutian (Khotan), Sulei (Kashgar), and a group of states in the Tarim basin almost up to the foot of the Tian Shan range.
Ptolemy speaks of Scythia beyond the Imaus, which is in a “Kasia Regio”, probably exhibiting the name from which Kashgar and Kashgaria (often applied to the district) are formed. The country’s people practised Zoroastrianism and Buddhism before the coming of Islam.
In the Book of Han, which covers the period between 125 BC and 23 AD, it is recorded that there were 1,510 households, 18,647 people and 2,000 persons able to bear arms. By the time covered by the Book of the Later Han (roughly 25 to 170 AD), it had grown to 21,000 households and had 3,000 men able to bear arms.
The Book of the Later Han provides a wealth of detail on developments in the region:
"In the period of Emperor Wu [140-87 BC], the Western Regions1 were under the control of the Interior [China]. They numbered thirty-six kingdoms. The Imperial Government established a Colonel [in charge of] Envoys there to direct and protect these countries. Emperor Xuan [73-49 BC] changed this title [in 59 BC] to Protector-General.
Emperor Yuan [40-33 BC] installed two Wuji Colonels to take charge of the agricultural garrisons on the frontiers of the king of Nearer Jushi [Turpan].
During the time of Emperor Ai [6 BC-AD 1] and Emperor Ping [AD 1-5], the principalities of the Western Regions split up and formed fifty-five kingdoms. Wang Mang, after he usurped the Throne [in AD 9], demoted and changed their kings and marquises. Following this, the Western Regions became resentful, and rebelled. They, therefore, broke off all relations with the Interior [China] and, all together, submitted to the Xiongnu again.
The Xiongnu collected oppressively heavy taxes and the kingdoms were not able to support their demands. In the middle of the Jianwu period [AD 25-56], they each [Shanshan and Yarkand in 38, and 18 kingdoms in 45], sent envoys to ask if they could submit to the Interior [China], and to express their desire for a Protector-General. Emperor Guangwu, decided that because the Empire was not yet settled [after a long period of civil war], he had no time for outside affairs, and [therefore] finally refused his consent [in AD 45].
In the meantime, the Xiongnu became weaker. The king of Suoju [Yarkand], named Xian, wiped out several kingdoms. After Xian’s death [c. AD 62], they began to attack and fight each other. Xiao Yuan [Tura], Jingjue [Cadota], Ronglu [Niya], and Qiemo [Cherchen] were annexed by Shanshan [the Lop Nur region]. Qule [south of Keriya] and Pishan [modern Pishan or Guma] were conquered and fully occupied by Yutian [Khotan]. Yuli [Fukang], Danhuan, Guhu [Dawan Cheng], and Wutanzili were destroyed by Jushi [Turpan and Jimasa]. Later these kingdoms were re-established.
During the Yongping period [AD 58-75], the Northern Xiongnu forced several countries to help them plunder the commanderies and districts of Hexi. The gates of the towns stayed shut in broad daylight."
And, more particularly in reference to Kashgar itself, is the following record:
"In the sixteenth Yongping year of Emperor Ming 73, Jian, the king of Qiuci (Kucha), attacked and killed Cheng, the king of Shule (Kashgar). Then he appointed the Qiuci (Kucha) Marquis of the Left, Douti, King of Shule (Kashgar). ‹See TfD›
In winter 73, the Han sent the Major Ban Chao who captured and bound Douti. He appointed Zhong, the son of the elder brother of Cheng, to be king of Shule (Kashgar). Zhong later rebelled. (Ban) Chao attacked and beheaded him."
THE KUSHANS
The Book of the Later Han also gives the only extant historical record of Yuezhi or Kushan involvement in the Kashgar oasis:
"During the Yuanchu period (114-120) in the reign of Emperor, the king of Shule (Kashgar), exiled his maternal uncle Chenpan to the Yuezhi (Kushans) for some offence. The king of the Yuezhi became very fond of him. Later, Anguo died without leaving a son. His mother directed the government of the kingdom. She agreed with the people of the country to put Yifu (lit. “posthumous child”), who was the son of a full younger brother of Chenpan on the throne as king of Shule (Kashgar). Chenpan heard of this and appealed to the Yuezhi (Kushan) king, saying:
"Anguo had no son. His relative (Yifu) is weak. If one wants to put on the throne a member of (Anguo’s) mother’s family, I am Yifu’s paternal uncle, it is I who should be king."
The Yuezhi (Kushans) then sent soldiers to escort him back to Shule (Kashgar). The people had previously respected and been fond of Chenpan. Besides, they dreaded the Yuezhi (Kushans). They immediately took the seal and ribbon from Yifu and went to Chenpan, and made him king. Yifu was given the title of Marquis of the town of Pangao [90 li, or 37 km, from Shule].
‹See TfD›
Then Suoju (Yarkand) continued to resist Yutian (Khotan), and put themselves under Shule (Kashgar). Thus Shule (Kashgar), became powerful and a rival to Qiuci (Kucha) and Yutian (Khotan)."
However, it was not very long before the Chinese began to reassert their authority in the region:
“In the second Yongjian year (127), during Emperor Shun’s reign, Chenpan sent an envoy to respectfully present offerings. The Emperor bestowed on Chenpan the title of Great Commandant-in-Chief for the Han. Chenxun, who was the son of his elder brother, was appointed Temporary Major of the Kingdom. ‹See TfD›
In the fifth year (130), Chenpan sent his son to serve the Emperor and, along with envoys from Dayuan (Ferghana) and Suoju (Yarkand), brought tribute and offerings.”
From an earlier part of the same text comes the following addition:
“In the first Yangjia year (132), Xu You sent the king of Shule (Kashgar), Chenpan, who with 20,000 men, attacked and defeated Yutian (Khotan). He beheaded several hundred people, and released his soldiers to plunder freely. He replaced the king [of Jumi] by installing Chengguo from the family of [the previous king] Xing, and then he returned.”[38]
Then the first passage continues:
“In the second Yangjia year (133), Chenpan again made offerings (including) a lion and zebu cattle. ‹See TfD›
Then, during Emperor Ling’s reign, in the first Jianning year, the king of Shule (Kashgar) and Commandant-in-Chief for the Han (i.e. presumably Chenpan), was shot while hunting by the youngest of his paternal uncles, Hede. Hede named himself king.
‹See TfD›
In the third year (170), Meng Tuo, the Inspector of Liangzhou, sent the Provincial Officer Ren She, commanding five hundred soldiers from Dunhuang, with the Wuji Major Cao Kuan, and Chief Clerk of the Western Regions, Zhang Yan, brought troops from Yanqi (Karashahr), Qiuci (Kucha), and the Nearer and Further States of Jushi (Turpan and Jimasa), altogether numbering more than 30,000, to punish Shule (Kashgar). They attacked the town of Zhenzhong [Arach − near Maralbashi] but, having stayed for more than forty days without being able to subdue it, they withdrew. Following this, the kings of Shule (Kashgar) killed one another repeatedly while the Imperial Government was unable to prevent it.”
THREE KINGDOMS TO THE SUI
These centuries are marked by a general silence in sources on Kashgar and the Tarim Basin.
The Weilüe, composed in the second third of the 3rd century, mentions a number of states as dependencies of Kashgar: the kingdom of Zhenzhong (Arach?), the kingdom of Suoju (Yarkand), the kingdom of Jieshi, the kingdom of Qusha, the kingdom of Xiye (Khargalik), the kingdom of Yinai (Tashkurghan), the kingdom of Manli (modern Karasul), the kingdom of Yire (Mazar − also known as Tágh Nák and Tokanak), the kingdom of Yuling, the kingdom of Juandu (‘Tax Control’ − near modern Irkeshtam), the kingdom of Xiuxiu (‘Excellent Rest Stop’ − near Karakavak), and the kingdom of Qin.
However, much of the information on the Western Regions contained in the Weilüe seems to have ended roughly about (170), near the end of Han power. So, we can’t be sure that this is a reference to the state of affairs during the Cao Wei (220-265), or whether it refers to the situation before the civil war during the Later Han when China lost touch with most foreign countries and came to be divided into three separate kingdoms.
Chapter 30 of the Records of the Three Kingdoms says that after the beginning of the Wei Dynasty (220) the states of the Western Regions did not arrive as before, except for the larger ones such as Kucha, Khotan, Kangju, Wusun, Kashgar, Yuezhi, Shanshan and Turpan, who are said to have come to present tribute every year, as in Han times.
In 270, four states from the Western Regions were said to have presented tribute: Karashahr, Turpan, Shanshan, and Kucha. Some wooden documents from Niya seem to indicate that contacts were also maintained with Kashgar and Khotan around this time.
In 422, according to the Songshu, ch. 98, the king of Shanshan, Bilong, came to the court and "the thirty-six states in the Western Regions" all swore their allegiance and presented tribute. It must be assumed that these 36 states included Kashgar.
The "Songji" of the Zizhi Tongjian records that in the 5th month of 435, nine states: Kucha, Kashgar, Wusun, Yueban, Tashkurghan, Shanshan, Karashahr, Turpan and Sute all came to the Wei court.
In 439, according to the Weishu, ch. 4A, Shanshan, Kashgar and Karashahr sent envoys to present tribute.
According to the Weishu, ch. 102, Chapter on the Western Regions, the kingdoms of Kucha, Kashgar, Wusun, Yueban, Tashkurghan, Shanshan, Karashahr, Turpan and Sute all began sending envoys to present tribute in the Taiyuan reign period (435-440).
In 453 Kashgar sent envoys to present tribute (Weishu, ch. 5), and again in 455.
An embassy sent during the reign of Wencheng Di (452-466) from the king of Kashgar presented a supposed sacred relic of the Buddha; a dress which was incombustible.
In 507 Kashgar, is said to have sent envoys in both the 9th and 10th months (Weishu, ch. 8).
In 512, Kashgar sent envoys in the 1st and 5th months. (Weishu, ch. 8).
Early in the 6th century Kashgar is included among the many territories controlled by the Yeda or Hephthalite Huns, but their empire collapsed at the onslaught of the Western Turks between 563 and 567 who then probably gained control over Kashgar and most of the states in the Tarim Basin.
TANG DYNASTY
The founding of the Tang dynasty in 618 saw the beginning of a prolonged struggle between China and the Western Turks for control of the Tarim Basin. In 635, the Tang Annals reported an emissary from the king of Kashgar to the Tang capital. In 639 there was a second emissary bringing products of Kashgar as a token of submission to the Tang state.
Buddhist scholar Xuanzang passed through Kashgar (which he referred to as Ka-sha) in 644 on his return journey from India to China. The Buddhist religion, then beginning to decay in India, was active in Kashgar. Xuanzang recorded that they flattened their babies heads, tattooed their bodies and had green eyes. He reported that Kashgar had abundant crops, fruits and flowers, wove fine woolen stuffs and rugs. Their writing system had been adapted from Indian script but their language was different from that of other countries. The inhabitants were sincere Buddhist adherents and there were some hundreds of monasteries with more than 10,000 followers, all members of the Sarvastivadin School.
At around the same era, Nestorian Christians were establishing bishoprics at Herat, Merv and Samarkand, whence they subsequently proceeded to Kashgar, and finally to China proper itself.
In 646, the Turkic Kagan asked for the hand of a Tang Chinese princess, and in return the Emperor promised Kucha, Khotan, Kashgar, Karashahr and Sarikol as a marriage gift, but this did not happen as planned.
In a series of campaigns between 652 and 658, with the help of the Uyghurs, the Chinese finally defeated the Western Turk tribes and took control of all their domains, including the Tarim Basin kingdoms. Karakhoja was annexed in 640, Karashahr during campaigns in 644 and 648, and Kucha fell in 648.
In 662 a rebellion broke out in the Western Regions and a Chinese army sent to control it was defeated by the Tibetans south of Kashgar.
After another defeat of the Tang Chinese forces in 670, the Tibetans gained control of the whole region and completely subjugated Kashgar in 676-8 and retained possession of it until 692, when the Tang dynasty regained control of all their former territories, and retained it for the next fifty years.
In 722 Kashgar sent 4,000 troops to assist the Chinese to force the "Tibetans out of "Little Bolu" or Gilgit.
In 728, the king of Kashgar was awarded a brevet by the Chinese emperor.
In 739, the Tangshu relates that the governor of the Chinese garrison in Kashgar, with the help of Ferghana, was interfering in the affairs of the Turgesh tribes as far as Talas.
In 751 the Chinese were defeated by an Arab army in the Battle of Talas. The An Lushan Rebellion led to the decline of Tang influence in Central Asia due to the fact that the Tang dynasty was forced to withdraw its troops from the region to fight An Lushan. The Tibetans cut all communication between China and the West in 766.
Soon after the Chinese pilgrim monk Wukong passed through Kashgar in 753. He again reached Kashgar on his return trip from India in 786 and mentions a Chinese deputy governor as well as the local king.
BATTLES WITH ARAB CALIPHATE
In 711, the Arabs invaded Kashgar, but did not hold the city for any length of time. Kashgar and Turkestan lent assistance to the reigning queen of Bukhara, to enable her to repel the Arabs. Although the Muslim religion from the very commencement sustained checks, it nevertheless made its weight felt upon the independent states of Turkestan to the north and east, and thus acquired a steadily growing influence. It was not, however, till the 10th century that Islam was established at Kashgar, under the Kara-Khanid Khanate.
THE TURKIC RULE
According to the 10th-century text, Hudud al-'alam, "the chiefs of Kashghar in the days of old were from the Qarluq, or from the Yaghma." The Karluks, Yaghmas and other tribes such as the Chigils formed the Karakhanids. The Karakhanid Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan converted to Islam in the 10th century and captured Kashgar. Kashgar was the capital of the Karakhanid state for a time but later the capital was moved to Balasaghun. During the latter part of the 10th century, the Muslim Karakhanids began a struggle against the Buddhist Kingdom of Khotan, and the Khotanese defeated the Karakhanids and captured Kashgar in 970. Chinese sources recorded the king of Khotan offering to send them a dancing elephant captured from Kashgar. Later in 1006, the Karakhanids of Kashgar under Yusuf Kadr Khan conquered Khotan.
The Karakhanid Khanate however was beset with internal strife, and the khanate split into two, the Eastern and Western Karakhanid Khanates, with Kashgar falling within the domain of the Eastern Karakhanid state. In 1089, the Western Karakhanids fell under the control of the Seljuks, but the Eastern Karakhanids was for the most part independent.
Both the Karakhanid states were defeated in the 12th century by the Kara-Khitans who captured Balasaghun, however Karakhanid rule continued in Kashgar under the suzerainty of the Kara-Khitans. The Kara-Khitan rulers followed a policy of religious tolerance, Islamic religious life continued uninterrupted and Kashgar was also a Nestorian metropolitan see. The last Karakhanid of Kashgar was killed in a revolt in 1211 by the city's notables. Kuchlug, a usurper of the throne of the Kara-Khitans, then attacked Kashgar which finally surrendered in 1214.
THE MONGOLS
The Kara-Khitai in their turn were swept away in 1219 by Genghis Khan. After his death, Kashgar came under the rule of the Chagatai Khans. Marco Polo visited the city, which he calls Cascar, about 1273-4 and recorded the presence of numerous Nestorian Christians, who had their own churches. Later In the 14th century, a Chagataid khan Tughluq Timur converted to Islam, and Islamic tradition began to reassert its ascendancy.
In 1389−1390 Tamerlane ravaged Kashgar, Andijan and the intervening country. Kashgar endured a troubled time, and in 1514, on the invasion of the Khan Sultan Said, was destroyed by Mirza Ababakar, who with the aid of ten thousand men built a new fort with massive defences higher up on the banks of the Tuman river. The dynasty of the Chagatai Khans collapsed in 1572 with the division of the country among rival factions; soon after, two powerful Khoja factions, the White and Black Mountaineers (Ak Taghliq or Afaqi, and Kara Taghliq or Ishaqi), arose whose differences and war-making gestures, with the intermittent episode of the Oirats of Dzungaria, make up much of recorded history in Kashgar until 1759. The Dzungar Khanate conquered Kashgar and set up the Khoja as their puppet rulers.
QING CONQUEST
The Qing dynasty defeated the Dzungar Khanate during the Ten Great Campaigns and took control of Kashgar in 1759. The conquerors consolidated their authority by settling other ethnics emigrants in the vicinity of a Manchu garrison.
Rumours flew around Central Asia that the Qing planned to launch expeditions towards Transoxiana and Samarkand, the chiefs of which sought assistance from the Afghan king Ahmed Shah Abdali. The alleged expedition never happened so Ahmad Shah withdrew his forces from Kokand. He also dispatched an ambassador to Beijing to discuss the situation of the Afaqi Khojas, but the representative was not well received, and Ahmed Shah was too busy fighting off the Sikhs to attempt to enforce his demands through arms.
The Qing continued to hold Kashgar with occasional interruptions during the Afaqi Khoja revolts. One of the most serious of these occurred in 1827, when the city was taken by Jahanghir Khoja; Chang-lung, however, the Qing general of Ili, regained possession of Kashgar and the other rebellious cities in 1828.
The Kokand Khanate raided Kashgar several times. A revolt in 1829 under Mahommed Ali Khan and Yusuf, brother of Jahanghir resulted in the concession of several important trade privileges to the Muslims of the district of Altishahr (the "six cities"), as it was then called.
The area enjoyed relative calm until 1846 under the rule of Zahir-ud-din, the local Uyghur governor, but in that year a new Khoja revolt under Kath Tora led to his accession as the authoritarian ruler of the city. However, his reign was brief—at the end of seventy-five days, on the approach of the Chinese, he fled back to Khokand amid the jeers of the inhabitants. The last of the Khoja revolts (1857) was of about equal duration, and took place under Wali-Khan, who murdered the well-known traveler Adolf Schlagintweit.
1862 CHINESE HUI REVOLT
The great Dungan revolt (1862–1877) involved insurrection among various Muslim ethnic groups. It broke out in 1862 in Gansu then spread rapidly to Dzungaria and through the line of towns in the Tarim Basin.
Dungan troops based in Yarkand rose and in August 1864 massacred some seven thousand Chinese and their Manchu commander. The inhabitants of Kashgar, rising in their turn against their masters, invoked the aid of Sadik Beg, a Kyrgyz chief, who was reinforced by Buzurg Khan, the heir of Jahanghir Khoja, and his general Yakub Beg. The latter men were dispatched at Sadik’s request by the ruler of Khokand to raise what troops they could to aid his Muslim friends in Kashgar.
Sadik Beg soon repented of having asked for a Khoja, and eventually marched against Kashgar, which by this time had succumbed to Buzurg Khan and Yakub Beg, but was defeated and driven back to Khokand. Buzurg Khan delivered himself up to indolence and debauchery, but Yakub Beg, with singular energy and perseverance, made himself master of Yangi Shahr, Yangi-Hissar, Yarkand and other towns, and eventually became sole master of the country, Buzurg Khan proving himself totally unfit for the post of ruler.
With the overthrow of Chinese rule in 1865 by Yakub Beg (1820–1877), the manufacturing industries of Kashgar are supposed to have declined.
Yaqub Beg entered into relations and signed treaties with the Russian Empire and the British Empire, but when he tried to get their support against China, he failed.
Kashgar and the other cities of the Tarim Basin remained under Yakub Beg’s rule until May 1877, when he died at Korla. Thereafter Kashgaria was reconquered by the forces of the Qing general Zuo Zongtang during the Qing reconquest of Xinjiang.
QING RULE
There were eras in Xinjiang's history where intermarriage was common, "laxity" which set upon Uyghur women led them to marry Chinese men and not wear the veil in the period after Yaqub Beg's rule ended, it is also believed by Uyghurs that some Uyghurs have Han Chinese ancestry from historical intermarriage, such as those living in Turpan.
Even though Muslim women are forbidden to marry non-Muslims in Islamic law, from 1880-1949 it was frequently violated in Xinjiang since Chinese men married Muslim Turki (Uyghur) women, a reason suggested by foriengers that it was due to the women being poor, while the Turki women who married Chinese were labelled as whores by the Turki community, these marriages were illegitimate according to Islamic law but the women obtained benefits from marrying Chinese men since the Chinese defended them from Islamic authorities so the women were not subjected to the tax on prostitution and were able to save their income for themselves. Chinese men gave their Turki wives privileges which Turki men's wives did not have, since the wives of Chinese did not have to wear a veil and a Chinese man in Kashgar once beat a mullah who tried to force his Turki Kashgari wife to veil. The Turki women also benefited in that they were not subjected to any legal binding to their Chinese husbands so they could make their Chinese husbands provide them with as much their money as she wanted for her relatives and herself since otherwise the women could just leave, and the property of Chinese men was left to their Turki wives after they died. Turki women considered Turki men to be inferior husbands to Chinese and Hindus. Because they were viewed as "impure", Islamic cemeteries banned the Turki wives of Chinese men from being buried within them, the Turki women got around this problem by giving shrines donations and buying a grave in other towns. Besides Chinese men, other men such as Hindus, Armenians, Jews, Russians, and Badakhshanis intermarried with local Turki women. The local society accepted the Turki women and Chinese men's mixed offspring as their own people despite the marriages being in violation of Islamic law. Turki women also conducted temporary marriages with Chinese men such as Chinese soldiers temporarily stationed around them as soldiers for tours of duty, after which the Chinese men returned to their own cities, with the Chinese men selling their mixed daughters with the Turki women to his comrades, taking their sons with them if they could afford it but leaving them if they couldn't, and selling their temporary Turki wife to a comrade or leaving her behind.
An anti-Russian uproar broke out when Russian customs officials, 3 Cossacks and a Russian courier invited local Turki (Uyghur) prostitutes to a party in January 1902 in Kashgar, this caused a massive brawl by the inflamed local Turki Muslim populace against the Russians on the pretense of protecting Muslim women because there was anti-Russian sentiment being built up, even though morality was not strict in Kashgar, the local Turki Muslims violently clashed with the Russians before they were dispersed by guards, the Chinese sought to end to tensions to prevent the Russians from building up a pretext to invade.
After the riot, the Russians sent troops to Sarikol in Tashkurghan and demanded that the Sarikol postal services be placed under Russian supervision, the locals of Sarikol believed that the Russians would seize the entire district from the Chinese and send more soldiers even after the Russians tried to negotiate with the Begs of Sarikol and sway them to their side, they failed since the Sarikoli officials and authorities demanded in a petition to the Amban of Yarkand that they be evacuated to Yarkand to avoid being harassed by the Russians and objected to the Russian presence in Sarikol, the Sarikolis did not believe the Russian claim that they would leave them alone and only involved themselves in the mail service.
Many of the young Kashgari women were most attractive in appearance, and some of the little girls quite lovely, their plaits of long hair falling from under a jaunty little embroidered cap, their big dark eyes, flashing teeth and piquant olive faces reminding me of Italian or Spanish children. One most beautiful boy stands out in my memory. He was clad in a new shirt and trousers of flowered pink, his crimson velvet cap embroidered with gold, and as he smiled and salaamed to us I thought he looked like a fairy prince. The women wear their hair in two or five plaits much thickened and lengthened by the addition of yak's hair, but the children in several tiny plaits.
The peasants are fairly well off, as the soil is rich, the abundant water-supply free, and the taxation comparatively light. It was always interesting to meet them taking their live stock into market. Flocks of sheep with tiny lambs, black and white, pattered along the dusty road; here a goat followed its master like a dog, trotting behind the diminutive ass which the farmer bestrode; or boys, clad in the whity-brown native cloth, shouted incessantly at donkeys almost invisible under enormous loads of forage, or carried fowls and ducks in bunches head downwards, a sight that always made me long to come to the rescue of the luckless birds.
It was pleasant to see the women riding alone on horseback, managing their mounts to perfection. They formed a sharp contrast to their Persian sisters, who either sit behind their husbands or have their steeds led by the bridle; and instead of keeping silence in public, as is the rule for the shrouded women of Iran, these farmers' wives chaffered and haggled with the men in the bazar outside the city, transacting business with their veils thrown back.
Certainly the mullas do their best to keep the fair sex in their place, and are in the habit of beating those who show their faces in the Great Bazar. But I was told that poetic justice had lately been meted out to one of these upholders of the law of Islam, for by mistake he chastised a Kashgari woman married to a Chinaman, whereupon the irate husband set upon him with a big stick and castigated him soundly.
That a Muslim should take in marriage one of alien faith is not objected to; it is rather deemed a meritorious act thus to bring an unbeliever to the true religion. The Muslim woman, on the other hand, must not be given in marriage to a non-Muslim; such a union is regarded as the most heinous of sins. In this matter, however, compromises are sometimes made with heaven: the marriage of a Turki princess with the emperor Ch'ien-lung has already been referred to; and, when the present writer passed through Minjol (a day's journey west of Kashgar) in 1902, a Chinese with a Turki wife (? concubine) was presented to him.
FIRST EAST TURKESTAN REPUBLIC
Kashgar was the scene of continual battles from 1933 to 1934. Ma Shaowu, a Chinese Muslim, was the Tao-yin of Kashgar, and he fought against Uyghur rebels. He was joined by another Chinese Muslim general, Ma Zhancang.
BATTLE OF KASHGAR (1933)
Uighur and Kirghiz forces, led by the Bughra brothers and Tawfiq Bay, attempted to take the New City of Kashgar from Chinese Muslim troops under General Ma Zhancang. They were defeated.
Tawfiq Bey, a Syrian Arab traveler, who held the title Sayyid (descendent of prophet Muhammed) and arrived at Kashgar on August 26, 1933, was shot in the stomach by the Chinese Muslim troops in September. Previously Ma Zhancang arranged to have the Uighur leader Timur Beg killed and beheaded on August 9, 1933, displaying his head outside of Id Kah Mosque.
Han chinese troops commanded by Brigadier Yang were absorbed into Ma Zhancang's army. A number of Han chinese officers were spotted wearing the green uniforms of Ma Zhancang's unit of the 36th division, presumably they had converted to Islam.
BATTLE OF KASHGAR (1934)
The 36th division General Ma Fuyuan led a Chinese Muslim army to storm Kashgar on February 6, 1934, attacking the Uighur and Kirghiz rebels of the First East Turkestan Republic. He freed another 36th division general, Ma Zhancang, who was trapped with his Chinese Muslim and Han Chinese troops in Kashgar New City by the Uighurs and Kirghiz since May 22, 1933. In January, 1934, Ma Zhancang's Chinese Muslim troops repulsed six Uighur attacks, launched by Khoja Niyaz, who arrived at the city on January 13, 1934, inflicting massive casualties on the Uighur forces. From 2,000 to 8,000 Uighur civilians in Kashgar Old City were massacred by Tungans in February, 1934, in revenge for the Kizil massacre, after retreating of Uighur forces from the city to Yengi Hisar. The Chinese Muslim and 36th division Chief General Ma Zhongying, who arrived at Kashgar on April 7, 1934, gave a speech at Id Kah Mosque in April, reminding the Uighurs to be loyal to the Republic of China government at Nanjing. Several British citizens at the British consulate were killed or wounded by the 36th division on March 16, 1934.
PEOPLE´S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Kashgar was incorporated into the People's Republic of China in 1949. During the Cultural Revolution, one of the largest statues of Mao in China was built in Kashgar, near People's Square. In 1986, the Chinese government designated Kashgar a "city of historical and cultural significance". Kashgar and surrounding regions have been the site of Uyghur unrest since the 1990s. In 2008, two Uyghur men carried out a vehicular, IED and knife attack against police officers. In 2009, development of Kashgar's old town accelerated after the revelations of the deadly role of faulty architecture during the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Many of the old houses in the old town were built without regulation, and as a result, officials found them to be overcrowded and non-compliant with fire and earthquake codes. When the plan started, 42% of the city's residents lived in the old town. With compensation, residents of faulty buildings are being counseled to move to newer, safer buildings that will replace the historic structures in the $448 million plan, including high-rise apartments, plazas, and reproductions of ancient Islamic architecture. The European Parliament issued a resolution in 2011 calling for "culture-sensitive methods of renovation." The International Scientific Committee on Earthen Architectural Heritage (ISCEAH) has expressed concern over the demolition and reconstruction of historic buildings. ISCEAH has, additionally, urged the implementation of techniques utilized elsewhere in the world to address earthquake vulnerability.
Following the July 2009 Urumqi riots, the government focused on local economic development in an attempt to ameliorate ethnic tensions in the greater Xinjiang region. Kashgar was made into a Special Economic Zone in 2010, the first such zone in China's far west. In 2011, a spate of violence over two days killed dozens of people. By May 2012 two-thirds of the old city had been demolished, fulfilling "political as well as economic goals." In July 2014 the Imam of the Id Kah Mosque, Juma Tayir, was assassinated in Kashgar.
CLIMATE
Kashgar features a desert climate (Köppen BWk) with hot summers and cold winters, with large temperature differences between those two seasons: The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −5.3 °C in January to 25.6 °C in July, while the annual mean is 11.84 °C. Spring is long and arrives quickly, while fall is somewhat brief in comparison. Kashgar is one of the driest cities on the planet, averaging only 64 millimetres of precipitation per year. The city’s wettest month, July, only sees on average 9.1 millimetres of rain. Because of the extremely arid conditions, snowfall is rare, despite the cold winters. Records have been as low as −24.4 °C in January and up to 40.1 °C in July. The frost-free period averages 215 days. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 50% in March to 70% in September, the city receives 2,726 hours of bright sunshine annually.
DEMOGRAPHICS
Kashgar is predominately peopled by Muslim Uyghurs. Compared to Ürümqi, Xinjiang's capital and largest city, Kashgar is less industrial and has significantly fewer Han Chinese residents.
ECONOMICS AND SOCIETY
The city has a very important Sunday market. Thousands of farmers from the surrounding fertile lands come into the city to sell a wide variety of fruit and vegetables. Kashgar’s livestock market is also very lively. Silk and carpets made in Hotan are sold at bazaars, as well as local crafts, such as copper teapots and wooden jewellery boxes.
In order to boost the economy in Kashgar region, the government classified the area as the sixth Special Economic Zone of China in May 2010.
Mahmud al-Kashgari (Turkish: Kâşgarlı Mahmud) (Mahmut from Kashgar) wrote the first Turkic–Arabic Exemplary Dictionary called Divan-ı Lugat-it Türk[citation needed]
The movie The Kite Runner was filmed in Kashgar. Kashgar and the surrounding countryside stood in for Kabul and Afghanistan, since filming in Afghanistan was not possible due to safety and security reasons.
SIGHTS
Kashgar's Old City has been called "the best-preserved example of a traditional Islamic city to be found anywhere in Central Asia". It is estimated to attract more than one million tourists annually.
- Id Kah Mosque, the largest mosque in China, is located in the heart of the city.
- People's Park, the main public park in central Kashgar.
- An 18 m high statue of Mao Zedong in Kashgar is one of the few large-scale statues of Mao remaining in China.
- The tomb of Afaq Khoja in Kashgar is considered the holiest Muslim site in Xinjiang. Built in the 17th century, the tiled mausoleum 5 km northeast of the city centre also contains the tombs of five generations of his family. Abakh was a powerful ruler, controlling Khotan, Yarkand, Korla, Kucha and Aksu as well as Kashgar. Among some Uyghur Muslims, he was considered a great Saint (Aulia).
- Sunday Market in Kashgar is renowned as the biggest market in central Asia; a pivotal trading point along the Silk Road where goods have been traded for more than 2,000 years. The market is open every day but Sunday is the largest.
TRANSPORTATION
AIR
Kashgar Airport serves mainly domestic flights, the majority of them from Urumqi. The only scheduled international flights are passenger and cargo services with Pakistan's capital Islamabad.
RAIL
Kashgar has the westernmost railway station in China. It is connected to the rest of China's rail network via the Southern Xinjiang Railway, which was built in December 1999. Kashgar–Hotan Railway opened for passenger traffic in June 2011, and connected Kashgar with cities in the southern Tarim Basin including Shache (Yarkand), Yecheng (Kargilik) and Hotan. Travel time to Urumqi from Kashgar is approximately 25 hours, while travel time to Hotan is approximately ten hours.
The investigation work of a further extension of the railway line to Pakistan has begun. In November 2009, Pakistan and China agreed to set up a joint venture to do a feasibility study of the proposed rail link via the Khunjerab Pass.
Proposals for a rail connection to Osh in Kyrgyzstan have also been discussed at various levels since at least 1996.
In 2012, a standard gauge railway from Kashgar via Tajikistan and Afghanistan to Iran and beyond has been proposed.
ROAD
The Karakorum highway (KKH) links Islamabad, Pakistan with Kashgar over the Khunjerab Pass. The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor is a multibillion-dollar project was that will upgrade transport links between China and Pakistan, including the upgrades to the Karakorum highway. Bus routes exist for passenger travel south into Pakistan. Kyrgyzstan is also accessible from Kashgar, via the Torugart Pass and Irkeshtam Pass; as of summer 2007, daily bus service connects Kashgar with Bishkek’s Western Bus Terminal. Kashgar is also located on China National Highways G314 (which runs to Khunjerab Pass on the Sino−Pakistani border, and, in the opposite direction, towards Ürümqi), and G315, which runs to Xining, Qinghai from Kashgar.
WIKIPEDIA
[ENG]
Another still life exercise. This time my goal was to create interesting light on the background wall. The only light source is one remote-triggered flash. The result is quite pleasant, even if there are a lot of improvements that have to be done...
If you like it, press F
wanna see it larger? press L
[ITA]
Un'altro studio di still life in stile strobista. Qui l'unica fonte di luce è un flash, ed il mio obiettivo era di creare una luce interessante sul muro di fondo. Il risultato è abbastanza piacevole, ma ci sono ancora infinite possibilità di miglioramento....
se vi piace, premete F
se volete vederla meglio, premete L
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I'm also on: Getty Images / 500px / Google Earth
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Mehrzweckkampfflugzeug Tornado im engen Formationsflug. Der Tornado ist ein zweisitziges Mehrzweckkampfflugzeug, das von den Ländern Großbritannien, Italien und Deutschland gemeinsam entwickelt und gebaut wurde. Die Bundeswehr erhielt 1981 die ersten Flugzeuge, die zur trinationalen Ausbildung aller Tornado-Besatzungen in Cottesmore, Großbritannien eingesetzt wurden, am 12.08.2009.
©Bundeswehr/Piz Luftwaffe
Milczące gałęzie
(Eng. The Silent Branches of Trees)
---
self-portrait
inspiration: poetry by H. Poświatowska (excerpt)
translation by Marek Lugowski
texture by sirius-sdz:
sirius-sdz.deviantart.com/art/texture-112-112010221
Rozgniatam usta o pierze poduszek rozsnuwam włosy
kolor zeschłych liści po gładkim chłodnym prześcieradle.
Zanurzam ręce w ciemność owijam wokół palców milczące
gałęzie. Ptaki śpią. Gwiazdy nie potrafią uskrzydlić
ciężkich chmur. Noc rośnie we mnie - minuty -
czerwone krople tętniącej krwi przebiegają ostrożnie.
---
I mash my mouth against the down of pillows I strand my hair
the color of dried leaves over the smooth cool bed sheet.
I sink my hands into darkness and I wind around my fingers
the silent branches of trees. The birds are asleep. The
stars are unable to put wings on the heavy clouds. The
night is growing within me - by minutes - the red drops
of pulsating blood skitter by cautiously.
---
My artwork may not be reproduced, copied, edited, published, transmitted or uploaded in any way without my permission.
© All rights reserved
[ENG] Santa María de Naranco is one of the most enigmatic and harmonious monuments of Western architecture. It is an old palace that was the Aula Regia of the palace complex that King Ramiro I (842-850) ordered to be built on the outskirts of the capital of the kingdom of Asturias. It was completed in the year 842. Its artistic style is the so-called Asturian or "ramirense" art, within the pre-Romanesque period. It functioned as a temple from the collapse of the chevet and part of the naves of San Miguel de Lillo (12th century) until its restoration in the years 1929-1934. It is located on the southern slope of Mount Naranco, about 4 km from Oviedo (Asturias, Spain). It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985. More photos in the album Santa María de Naranco (9th century)
[ESP] Santa María de Naranco es uno de los monumentos más enigmáticos y armoniosos de la arquitectura occidental. Es un antiguo palacio que fue el Aula Regia del conjunto palacial que el rey Ramiro I (842-850) mandó construir en las afueras de la capital del reino de Asturias. Se terminó en el año 842. Su estilo artístico es el denominado arte asturiano o "ramirense", dentro del prerrománico. Funcionó como templo desde el derrumbamiento de la cabecera y de parte de las naves de San Miguel de Lillo (siglo XII) hasta su restauración en los años 1929-1934. Se ubica en la ladera meridional del Monte Naranco, a unos 4 km de Oviedo (Asturias, España). Fue declarado Patrimonio Mundial de la Humanidad por la Unesco en 1985. Más fotografías en el álbum Santa María de Naranco (siglo IX)
23P1494
[ENG] The Collegiate Church of Santa María la Mayor de Alquézar, has its origin in the Arab castle built in the ninth century on top of a rocky ridge surrounded by ravines located in Alquézar (Huesca, Spain), which after its conquest in 1067 by Sancho Ramírez becomes a Christian fortress, and in 1099, when military needs were overcome by the progress of the Reconquest, a community of Augustinian canons was installed, building a Romanesque collegiate church, which in the 16th century was replaced by Another gothic that endures today. They emphasise: in the cloister the Romanesque capitals of the thirteenth century and the mural paintings of the fourteenth to eighteenth centuries, in the church the rib vault, the Renaissance main altarpiece (XVI century), a Romanesque Christ and the baroque organ. Other pictures in Alquézar Castle-Collegiate Church album.
[ESP] La iglesia actual se construyó en el siglo XVI por Juan de Segura ampliando la anterior románica longitudinalmente por la cabecera y por los pies. Es una sola nave cubierta con bóveda estrellada, y posteriormente se fueron añadiendo capillas en el siglo XVII, la de San Nicostrato excavada en la roca para dar cobijo al cráneo del mártir romano, la de la Virgen del Rosario, la de San Juan Bautista decorada en estilo barroco, y la del Santo Cristo sufragada por la familia Lecina. El coro se sitúa a los pies del templo y cuenta con un extraordinario órgano.
La Colegiata de Santa María la Mayor de Alquézar, tiene su origen en el castillo árabe construido en el siglo IX en lo alto de una cresta rocosa rodeado de barrancos situada en Alquézar (Huesca, España), que tras su conquista en 1067 por Sancho Ramírez pasa a ser fortaleza cristiana, y en 1099, superadas las necesidades militares por el avance de la Reconquista, se instaló una comunidad de canónigos agustinos, construyéndose una iglesia colegiata románica, que en el siglo XVI se sustituyó por otra tardogótica que perdura en la actualidad.
Más fotografías en el álbum Castillo-Colegiata de Alquézar
195588
[ENG] The Jardins de Metis, also known as Reford Gardens, they are a few gardens of English style placed in Grand-Métis, Québec, Canada. They were opened for the public in 1962, in 1995 they were declared as Historical National Place and in 2013 as Patrimonial Site, and they are recognized internationally as an exceptional work of art of gardening. They are the fruit of the work of the passionate one, Elsie Reford, that between 1926 and 1958 transformed his fishing camp into a private paradise. Approximately 3.000 species and varieties of plants are distributed in approximately fifteen gardens. Works of contemporary art sow the route and they join with harmony the historical gardens. Every year celebrates the "International Garden Festival" in that they show contemporary gardens created by architects, landscape painters and artists of international reputation.
[ESP] Los Jardins de Métis, también conocidos como Reford Gardens, son unos jardines de estilo inglés situados en Grand-Métis, Québec, Canadá. Se abrieron al público en 1962, en 1995 fueron declarados como Lugar Histórico Nacional y en 2013 como Sitio Patrimonial, y están reconocidos internacionalmente como una obra excepcional de arte de jardinería. Son el fruto del trabajo de una apasionada, Elsie Reford, que entre 1926 y 1958 transformó su casa de pesca en un paraíso privado. Unas 3.000 especies y variedades de plantas se distribuyen en unos quince jardines. Obras de arte contemporáneo siembran el trayecto y se integran con armonía en los jardines históricos. Cada año se celebra el “Festival International de Jardines” para el que arquitectos, paisajistas y artistas de reputación internacional crean jardines contemporáneos.
116036
Perico cordillerano | Mountain Parakeet
Psilopsiagon aurifrons
[2019 | Camino al Embalse El Yeso, Región Metropolitana, Chile]
SPA: El perico cordillerano, además de ser el loro más pequeño de Chile, también es el que prefiere mayores altitudes, por lo general entre los 2.000-4.000 msnm. A diferencia de sus otros parientes, su hábitat tiene poco o nada de bosques por la altura, por lo que se le observa en arbustos y hierbas, siempre en bandadas.
ENG: The Mountain Parakeet, besides being the smallest parrot in Chile, it also prefers higher altitudes, generally between 2,000-4,000 masl. Unlike its other relatives, their habitat have little or no forest because of the altitude, so it’s observed in bushes and herbs, always in flocks.
"Weltenburger Eng"e (aka "Donaudurchbruch bei Weltenburg" is the "Danube Gorge" near the Weltenburg Monastery. The gorge is enclosed on either side by rock faces up to 80 metres high. The Danube narrows by up to 110 metres and attains a depth of 20 metres.
The area was designated as a natural monument under King Ludwig I of Bavaria as early as 1840.
The "MS Gisela" offers a breathtaking trip through the gorge and even a beer from the Weltenburg brewery.
[ENG] The church of Bossost , dedicated to the invocation of the Mother of God of Purification, is one of the best preserved in the entire Val d'Aran region, and a clear example of the prototype of a Romanesque church of the valley (very horizontal buildings, with three naves and three semicircular apses and a very marked gable in the presbytery). It was built in the first half of the 13th century, and includes many foreign decorative elements: strips of blind semicircular arches in the bell tower and apses, or the small vertical lesenes (pilaster strip) on the outside of the apse, both typical of Lombard Romanesque, checkered jaques on the front and eaves… Outside the temple, the highlights are the bell tower, the head and its two façades. More photos in the album Church of Bossost, Aran valley (Spain).
[ESP] Los tramos rectos del presbiterio y de los muros sur y norte comparten un motivo ornamental: los canecillos con rostros humanos en que descansa la cornisa del alero. Son múltiples, y cada rostro trata de transmitir una emoción diferente (burlones, otros expresan quietud, o quizás temor).
La iglesia de Bossost, dedicada a la advocación de la Mair de Diu dera Purificacion, es una de las mejor conservadas de toda la comarca del Val d'Aran, y un claro ejemplo del prototipo de iglesia románica aranesa (edificios muy horizontales, con tres naves y tres ábsides semicirculares y un hastial muy marcado en el presbiterio). Fue construida en la primera mitad del siglo XIII, e incluye muchos elementos decorativos foráneos: franjas de arquillos ciegos de medio punto en campanario y ábsides, o las pequeñas lesenas verticales en el exterior del ábside, ambos propios del románico lombardo, ajedrezado jaqués en portada y aleros… En el exterior del templo, lo más destacado son el campanario, la cabecera y sus dos portadas.
Más fotografías en el álbum Iglesia de Bossòst, Valle de Aran (España).
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[ENG] Attached to the north wall of the church, in what possibly it was going to constitute a lateral nave, there is situated a hall to which one accedes for the exterior door and that conects, on the one hand with a portico or rectangular lounge, for other one with the lateral apse and for the front with the church. The facade of the portico divides in four sections, in each of which a wide large window is opened surrounded by arches lightly pointed that roll over on thin columns with capitals of vegetable ornamentation.
[ESP] Adosado al muro norte de la iglesia, en lo que posiblemente iba a constituir una nave lateral, se halla un vestíbulo al que se accede por la puerta exterior y que comunica, por un lado con un pórtico o salón rectangular, por el otro con el ábside lateral y por el frente con la iglesia. La fachada del pórtico se divide en cuatro tramos, en cada uno de los cuales se abre un amplio ventanal rodeado por arcos ligeramente apuntados que voltean sobre finas columnillas con capiteles de ornamentación vegetal. El alero está sostenido por canecillos.
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Das Gelbe ist der Käse
Käsetransport mit dem Traktor von der Kaserei zum Bauernladen im Almdorf in der Eng (Großer Ahornboden)
www.engalm.at/die-eng/almdorf-eng/
Eng: Small Pincertail
Presente por quase toda a Europa continental destaca-se pelas pinças na extremidade do abdómen dos machos. Muito parecido com o O. uncatus, distingue-se dele pela cor dos olhos, linhas do tórax e formato da pinça. Voa de Maio a Setembro em ribeiros rochosos.
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Present throughout much of continental Europe stands out for its appendages. Very similar to O. uncatus, distinguished by its eye colour, lines of the thorax and and shape of appendages. It flies from May to September in rocky streams