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A cathedral without a bishop: St. Stephan in Vienna
In order to fully fulfill the function of a capital in its medieval understanding, Vienna lacked a decisive factor: Vienna was indeed a major city, but not the seat of a bishopric, but was subordinate to the Prince-Bishop of Passau in ecclesiastical matters. St. Stephen, the most important church in the city, had only the rank of a parish church.
Therefore, the first attempts to found a diocese in Vienna date back to the time of the Babenbergs. Also the under Ottokar II Přemysl after the fire of 1258 begun generous new building of the Saint Stephen's church in the late Romanesque style pursued this goal.
The Habsburgs' representational aspirations also focused on St. Stephen after they had taken control of Austria. Albrecht I began in 1304 with the construction of a new choir. The highlight, however, was reached under Duke Rudolf IV. This ambitious Habsburg wanted to turn Vienna into an important royal residence and St. Stephen as the "Capella regia Austriaca" into the court church of the Austrian sovereign princes, the sacral center of the country.
The background for this lay in the competition with the dynasty of Luxembourg: Emperor Charles IV was just about to expand his residence Prague to a metropolis of European importance. One of his measures was the elevation of Prague to the Archbishopric of 1344, which prompted the great expansion of St. Vitus' Cathedral on Prague's Hradcany.
Rudolf's plan to make St. Stephen the seat of a bishop failed because of the resistance of Passau, because the bishop rightly feared a reduction of his diocese. Nevertheless, Rudolf found a way to give St. Stephan a special rank. In 1359 he obtained the papal confirmation for the founding of a collegiate, an association of 24 dressed in cardinal red robes priests, which was headed by a provost in a bishop-like costume. By subordinating the collegiate directly to the Pope, it was beyond the Passau influence. Thanks to complicated ecclesiastical chess moves he finally succeeded in 1365 to transfer his foundation to St. Stephen, which increased the importance of the church.
This was also reflected in the structural design of the church. In 1359 Rudolf IV began with a large-scale expansion, which was to bear all the symbols of a ruling church: a princely gallery above the west portal was framed by two-storey Duke's chapels, in which the relic treasure was kept. A princely tomb was erected as the tomb of the rulers of the country and finally four towers were planned, which was actually a building prerogative of a bishop's church. By integrating parts of the late Romanesque predecessor building (the main portal and the westwork called "Giant Gate") into his concept, Rudolf gave his building program historical depth.
With the death of Rudolf, the interest of the Habsburgs in St. Stephen palpably came to an end, and the citizens of Vienna took the initiative for the further expansion of the church. Only with Frederick III., who saw his example in Rudolf IV, did a Habsburg take part in the expansion of the church. Friedrich ordered the beginning of the work on the north tower. However, his high tomb in the Apostle Choir of the Dome, which is another notable example of the dynastic program of the Habsburgs in the late Middle Ages, is particularly reminiscent of this Habsburg.
Frederick III. finally managed to bring the prestige matter of his ancestor Rudolf to a successful end: 1469 Frederick III succeeded in to bring about the Pope to elevate Vienna to a diocese. Although the Viennese diocese initially had only a minimal extension - it was smaller than the current urban area - but the Habsburgs had imposed their own will: The Cathedral of St. Stephen had finally a bishop.
Eine Kathedrale ohne Bischof: St. Stephan in Wien
Um im mittelalterlichen Verständnis die Funktion einer Hauptstadt vollends zu erfüllen, fehlte Wien eine entscheidende Sache: Wien war zwar eine bedeutende Großstadt, aber nicht Sitz eines Bistums, sondern unterstand in kirchlichen Belangen dem Fürstbischof von Passau. St. Stephan, die wichtigste Kirche der Stadt, hatte nur den Rang einer Pfarrkirche.
Daher datieren die ersten Versuche einer Bistumsgründung in Wien bereits in die Zeit der Babenberger. Auch der unter Ottokar II. Přemysl nach dem Brand von 1258 begonnene großzügige Neubau der Stephanskirche im spätromanischen Stil verfolgte dieses Ziel.
Auf St. Stephan konzentrierten sich auch die Repräsentationsbestrebungen der Habsburger, nachdem sie die Herrschaft in Österreich übernommen hatten. Albrecht I. begann bereits 1304 mit dem Bau eines neuen Chores. Der Höhepunkt wurde jedoch unter Herzog Rudolf IV. erreicht. Dieser ehrgeizige Habsburger wollte Wien zu einer bedeutenden Residenzstadt und St. Stephan als “Capella regia Austriaca”, als Hofkirche der österreichischen Landesfürsten, zum sakralen Zentrum des Landes machen.
Der Hintergrund dafür lag in der Konkurrenz mit der Dynastie der Luxemburger: Kaiser Karl IV. war gerade dabei, seine Residenz Prag zu einer Metropole europäischer Geltung auszubauen. Eine seiner Maßnahmen war die Erhebung Prags zum Erzbistum 1344, was den Anstoß gab für den großartigen Ausbau des Veitsdomes am Prager Hradschin.
Rudolfs Plan, St. Stephan zum Sitz eines Bischofs zu machen, scheiterte zwar am Widerstand Passaus, denn der Bischof fürchtete zu Recht eine Verkleinerung seiner Diözese. Dennoch fand Rudolf einen Weg, St. Stephan einen besonderen Rang zu verleihen. 1359 erwirkte er die päpstliche Bestätigung für die Gründung eines Kollegiatstiftes, einer Vereinigung von 24 in kardinalsrote Gewänder gekleideten Priestern, denen ein Probst in bischofsähnlicher Tracht vorstand. Indem er das Kollegiat direkt dem Papst unterstellte, war es dem Passauer Einfluss entzogen. Dank komplizierter kirchenrechtlicher Schachzüge gelang es ihm schließlich 1365 seine Stiftung auf St. Stephan zu übertragen, was die Bedeutung des Gotteshauses erhöhte.
Dies schlug sich auch in der baulichen Gestalt der Kirche nieder. 1359 begann Rudolf IV. mit einem groß angelegten Ausbau, der alle Symbole einer Herrscherkirche tragen sollte: Eine Fürstenempore über dem Westportal wurde von doppelstöckigen Herzogskapellen eingerahmt, in denen der Reliquienschatz verwahrt wurde. Eine Fürstengruft als Grablege der Herrscher des Landes wurde angelegt und schließlich waren vier Türme geplant, was eigentlich ein bauliches Vorrecht einer Bischofskirche war. Indem Rudolf Teile des spätromanischen Vorgängerbaues (das als “Riesentor” bezeichnete Hauptportal und das Westwerk) in sein Konzept integrieren ließ, gab er seinem Bauprogramm historische Tiefe.
Mit dem Tod Rudolfs erlosch das Interesse der Habsburger an St. Stephan spürbar, die Wiener Bürgerschaft übernahm die Initiative für den weiteren Ausbau der Kirche. Erst mit Friedrich III., der in Rudolf IV. sein Vorbild sah, beteiligte sich wieder ein Habsburger am Ausbau der Kirche. Friedrich veranlasste den Beginn der Arbeiten am Nordturm. An diesen Habsburger erinnert vor allem jedoch sein Hochgrab im Apostelchor des Domes, ein weiteres bemerkenswertes Beispiel für das dynastische Programm der Habsburger im Spätmittelalter.
Friedrich III. gelang es schließlich auch, die Prestigeangelegenheit seines Ahnen Rudolf zu einem erfolgreichen Ende zu bringen: 1469 erreichte Friedrich III. beim Papst die Erhebung Wiens zum Bistum. Die Wiener Diözese hatte zwar zunächst nur eine minimale Ausdehung – sie war kleiner als das heutige Stadtgebiet – aber die Habsburger hatten ihren Willen durchgesetzt: Der Dom zu St. Stephan hatte endlich einen Bischof.
Martin Mutschlechner
www.habsburger.net/de/kapitel/eine-kathedrale-ohne-bischo...
St Andrew, Holborn, is a Church of England church on the northwestern edge of the City of London, on Holborn within the Ward of Farringdon Without.
History
Roman and medieval
Roman pottery was found on the site during 2001/02 excavations in the crypt. However, the first written record of the church itself is dated as 951 (DCCCCLI) in a charter of Westminster Abbey, referring to it as the "old wooden church", on top of the hill above the river Fleet.[2] The Charter's authenticity has been called into question because the date is not within the reign of the King Edgar of England who is granting it. It may be that this is simply a scribal error and that the date should be '959' (DCCCCLIX). A 'Master Gladwin', i.e. a priest, held it after the Norman Conquest and he assigned it to St Paul's Cathedral, but with the proviso that the advowson be granted at 12 pence a year to the Cluniac Order's, St Saviour's foundation of what was to become Bermondsey Abbey. This assignment dates between 1086 and 1089. In about 1200 a deed was witnessed by James, the Parson, Roger, his chaplain, Andrew, the Deacon and also Alexander his clerk. In 1280 one Simon de Gardino bequeathed funds towards the building of a belfry, it is assumed this would be stone and that there were due to be bells to be cast for it.[3]
In the Early Middle Ages the church is referred to as St Andrew Holburnestrate and later simply as St Andrew de Holeburn.[4]
In 1348, John Thavie, a local armourer, "left a considerable Estate towards the support of the fabric forever", a legacy which survived the English Reformation, was invested carefully through the centuries, and still provides for the church's current upkeep. In the 15th century, the wooden church was replaced by a medieval stone one.[5] On the 8th of July 1563, during a severe storm, the steeple of the church was struck and badly damaged by lightning.[6]
16th to 18th century
The medieval St Andrew's survived the 1666 Great Fire of London, saved by a last minute change in wind direction,[7] but was already in a bad state of repair and so was rebuilt by Christopher Wren anyway.[8] In what is his largest parish church, he rebuilt from the foundations (creating the present crypt) and gave the existing medieval stone tower (the only medieval part to survive) a marble cladding. Its rector from 1713 to 1724 was Henry Sacheverell.
Thomas Coram, founder of the Foundlings' Hospital (first set up in a house in Hatton Garden) is buried here, his remains were translated from his foundation in the 1960s. The organ casing (an organ played by Handel), the pulpit and the font is also from the Foundlings' Hospital Chapel's Bloomsbury site.
The church of St George the Martyr Holborn was built between 1703 and 1706, as a chapel of ease for the parish. It became a parish church in its own right in 1723.[9]
19th century
The opening of Holborn Viaduct, 1869
In 1808, writer William Hazlitt married Sarah Stoddart, with Charles Lamb as his best man, and Mary Lamb as a bridesmaid. The twelve-year-old Benjamin Disraeli, the future Prime Minister, was received into the Christian Church in 1817.
It was on the church's steps in 1828 that the surgeon William Marsden found a homeless girl suffering from hypothermia, and sought help for her from one of the nearby hospitals. However, none would take her in, and she died in Marsden's arms; the horror of the experience inspired him to establish the Royal Free Hospital for the poor and destitute. Today the hospital is located in Hampstead.
In the mid 19th century, the Holborn Valley Improvement Scheme bought up the church's North Churchyard (with many of the bodies re-interred in the crypt) and in the City of London Cemetery in Ilford (the latter also being the destination for the bodies from the crypt when it was cleared in 2002–2003) to make way for the Holborn Viaduct, linking Holborn with Newgate, which was opened by Queen Victoria in 1869.[10]
As part of this improvement scheme the Church received compensation to replace its assets and the Gothic architect Samuel Sanders Teulon was commissioned to build a new Rectory and Court House on the South side of the church — this now operates as the offices for the Foundation, the associated Charities and the Archdeaconry of Hackney, as well as the Rectory and the Conference Rooms. Teulon incorporated into the Court Room, the building's main room, a 17th Century fireplace.[11] This was from the 'Quest Room' for the 'below Bars' part of the parish i.e. that lying outside the City boundary sited as part of a block of buildings in the middle of the main street. This block was removed as part of the Holborn Viaduct improvements and explains why Holborn is so wide at this point.[12]
In Charles Dickens's Oliver Twist Bill Sykes looks up at this church's tower (an episode referenced by Iris Murdoch in Under the Net, though from where her character stands such a view is almost impossible).
20th century to present
During the London Blitz, on the night of 7 May 1941, the church was bombed and gutted by German bombs, leaving only the exterior walls and tower.[13] However, instead of demolition which sometimes occurred in similar cases, it was decided after a long delay that it would be restored "stone for stone and brick for brick" to Wren's original designs.
The church re-opened in 1961 as a non-parochial Guild Church intended for serving the local working rather than resident community which had declined as had the City's population as a whole.
In January 2005 a new large icon was installed, made for the site by the Monastic Family Fraternity of Jesus in Vallechiara [1]. The church runs a selection of recitals and lectures, as well as weekly services and evening concerts.
The church was designated a Grade I listed building on 4 January 1950.[14]
In August 2010, St Andrew Holborn's Icon Cross became motorised, allowing the large icon of Jesus on the Cross to be raised and lowered for services.
youtu.be/6M-MtZkZOzw?t=2s Full Feature
Starring Marshall Thompson, Kynaston Reeves, Michael Balfour, Kim Parker, Stanley Maxted, Gil Winfield, Shane Cordell, Terry Kilburn, James Dyrenforth, Peter Madden, Meadows White, and Lala Lloyd. Directed by Arthur Crabtree.
In December 1958 Eros Films, Ltd. had another British B sci-fi movie touring American. Fiend Without A Face (FwoF) ran as the B feature to "Haunted Strangler." Both were British productions being marketed in America by MGM. This is another example of the blurry line between sci-fi and horror. FwoF itself exists in that blurry zone. Mysterious, invisible "mental vampires" killing their victims takes up the bulk of the film. The final showdown with the creatures is classic monster movie. Yet, the tie-in to the customary misguided scientist and atomic energy keep FwoF in the sci-fi orbit.
Synopsis
A Canadian farmer is killed just outside of an American Air Force base in remote Canada. The villagers were already up in arms over the mere presence of the base (jets frightened their cows) so are convinced there is a mad GI on the loose. Major Jeff Cummings befriends the slain farmer's sister, Barbara. The base tests their super radar system again, but like before, it falters just as it seems to be succeeding. Something is draining off the atomic energy. More murders stir up the towns folk to revolt. Jeff is certain that a reclusive genius, Professor Walgate, is the key. Yet more murders occur, each preceded by a rhythmic thumping and squishing sound. Eventually, Walgate confesses that he was working on Thought Materialization -- telekinesis. He needed more power, so fabricated an energy hijacking device to siphon off the air base's transmitted power. (that's why the tests always failed) The extra power worked, but created separate beings rather than intensifying Walgate's own thoughts. The invisible beings escaped his lab and began to 'feed' on townsfolk by sucking out their brains. They need the reactor's power to exist. Jeff rushes to blow up the control room. The reactor is going into overload, so the beings become visible. Dozens of the brain and spinal cord things surround the house. They break in, kill a few people, but can also be killed. Many are. Just as one of the beings has got Barbara, the reactor is shut down. It falls limp. The brain things dissolve into foam. Jeff kisses Barbara. The End.
The monster murder mystery element is fairly well played so it keeps interest up. Once visible, the brain-things have some interest too. As a monster movie, it has some merit. Killer brain-creatures are quirky enough to stay interesting.
The Cold War provides a backdrop, but isn't the focus. The Air Force base's mission is early radar detection of Soviet aircraft coming over the pole. One could see the brain-things as manifestations of deadly atomic energy. (the invisible killer)They seem to fit better the usual science-gone-wrong theme.
Dr. Walgate fills the archetypal role of the naive scientist. He meant well with all his research and work. But, like many naive scientists who had gone before him, his assumptions prove wrong. His work gets away from him and becomes a force of destruction, not one of good for mankind. It has been fairly customary for the naive scientist to die at the hands (or whatever) of his creation. Walgate makes the noble sacrifice at the end, letting the creatures attack him while Jeff gets away.
The brain-creatures are akin to the "Id Monster" in Forbidden Planet. Man's most basic thoughts, if given independence, prove primal and ruthless. As a nuclear cautionary tale, the brain-creatures, man's primal thoughts, prove deadly if given atomic power. The stop-motion animation of the brain-creatures is not too bad. It's not Harryhausen, but it works.
We're told that the brain-creatures suck out the brains and spinal cord of their human victims. So, it interesting that the brain-creatures are depicted as brain shaped. They have a segmented spinal column which they use inch-worm-style for locomotion. They ARE what they eat.
The brain-creatures break the atomic reactor's control rods so people can't shut it down (the creatures need the radiation to exist). It is curious that screenwriters solve the problem with good old dynamite. Jeff blows up the control room to shut down the reactor. ?? The reactor core was already out of control. Why would less control help?
Bottom line? Most of FwoF is a fair horror flick with "mental vampires" and agonizing victims. Things get more interesting when the brain-creatures surround the house. Sure, the movie has its flaws, but is an entertaining 50s sci-fi. 4
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Achtung! Kellner verdient nur durch Trinkgeld, Lohn extrem niedrig!!!!
Diese Restaurant ist absoluter Betrug! Ein Schaschlik für 100 Gramm 175 UHA=Hrywna 17 € für je 100 Gramm Schweinekotelett wurde serviert für etwa 150 Gramm auf der Rechnung dann sage und schreibe 340 Gramm. Der Wein auf der Karte Sauvignon aus Chile für 420 UHA=Hrywna aber auf der Rechnung für 448 UHA=Hrywna. Aber jetzt kommt der Hammer für Brot 62,88 UHA = 6,20€. Bei der Reklamation ging man nach 2-maliger Korrektur und Prostet mit dem Aufruf die Polizei zu rufen da andere Gästen auch von der Bestellung von 150 Gramm gehörten hatten dann auf 200 Gramm = 350 UHA=Hrywna. Ja soweit dann in Ordnung und für 2 Personen 1668,93 UAH bezahlt = stolze 150€. Im Hotel dann alles in EXCEL eingegeben und auch die Addition der Rechnung allein war falsch nur 1656,09 UHA=Hrywna. Aber auch der Salat statt 86 UHA=Hrywna 104,03 UHA=Hrywna bzw. für die zweite Person 104,65 UHA=Hrywna.
Ende vom Lied: Habe von einer ukrainischen Geschäftsfrau anrufen lassen und Sie hat sich über die Geschehnisse beschwert. Sie hat nur erwähnt, das ich als Diplomat früher in Kiew war, und schon bitte keine Öffentlichkeit. Das Geld würde am kommenden Abend in bar zurückerstattet. Am nächsten Tag kein Anruf nichts alles wieder vergessen. Was für ehrenvolle Kaufleute, Betrüger ist wohl doch das richtige, wie sollte es auch anders sein, schade.
Aber dann:
Nach dieser Veröffentlichung im Internet stand dann das Telefon nicht mehr still. Sie bekommen Ihr Geld sofort zurück und können wir bitte darüber reden, wir wollen lernen. Die Unterredung fand statt, die Schuld bekam der Kellner und wurde sofort entlassen, wie unfair denn mindestens 240 Gramm Fleisch unterschlägt ein Keller nicht so einfach und wie kommt das Geld dann in seine Tasche, nein so etwas tut ein Kellner nicht, wenn der Chef nicht selber auch Geld unterschlägt. Und wie kann der Kellner die Kasse manipulieren, das die Kasse manipuliert ist, steht außer Frage den die Addition meiner Rechnung war falsch. Bittet rechnet mal nach. Unterschlagen tut der Chef, die Mehrwertsteuer von 20%, sie ist auch nicht ausgewiesen und wer ohne Kreditkarte bar zahlt erhält 10% Nachlass. Was ein Geschäft für den Chef und noch 10% plus für ihn. Die Administratorin 24 Jahre hübsch, kam dann noch mit einer ganz besonderen Begründung: Wir sind seriös unser Personal hat mindestens 3 Jahre Erfahrung und die Kellner sind auf das Trinkgeld angewiesen, weil das Gehalt ist sehr niedrig. Das ist hier so. Noch besser für den Chef, was für ein Mensch, ausnutzen von Personal, oh pfui. Hier darf man einfach nicht mehr hingehen und was kommt nach dem Porsche Cayenne Chef?
IIch hoffe bald einen Besuch vom Finanzamt und dann der Knast, das wäre die ausgleichende Gerechtigkeit.
Ich werde dies nicht zurücknehmen solange der Keller nicht wiedereingestellt wird
Attention fraud waiter is released for the boss!
Waiters earn only through a tip, payment by chef and owner extremely low!!
This restaurant is an absolute fraud! A shashlik for 100 grams = 175 UHA Hrywna 17 € for each 100 grams was ordered less then 200 grams and a good pork chop was served for about 150 grams but on the bill then no less than 340 grams charged. The drinks menu of wine Sauvignon from Chile for 420 UHA = Hrywna but on the invoice for 448 = Hrywna UHA. But now comes the hammer for bread 62.88 UHA = 6,20 €. In the complaint it went to 2-times correction and greet with the call to the police because other guests helped me they also heard on the order of 150 grams to 200 grams were on invoice then UHA = 350 = Hrywna. Yes, if paid in order and then for 2 persons = 1668.93 UAH proud 150 €. In the hotel everything entered into EXCEL and the addition of the statement was false but only UHA = 1656.09 Hrywna. But the salad instead of 86 UHA = Hrywna now 104.03 UHA = Hrywna and for the second person 104.65 UHA = Hrywna.
End of the story: An Ukrainian businesswoman called the administrator of the restaurant and has complained about what happened. She has only mentioned that I was formerly a diplomat in Kiev, and at once the answer: "please do not already public". The money would be refunded on the next night in cash. The next day, no calls nothing forgotten everything again. What kind of honorable merchants, but the fraudster is probably correct, as it should be otherwise, too bad.
But then:
According to this publication here at this page on the internet then the phone was silent no longer. You get your money back immediately and can we please talk about it, we want to learn. The interview took place, the blame was the waiter and was immediately dismissed. Unfair I mean because for at least 240 grams of meat embezzles not a basement as simply and the money then placed in pocket of the waiter. Nobody does no such a thing, not a waiter, if the boss does not embezzles money itself. And as the waiter can manipulate the cash register? The register is manipulated is beyond question, the addition of my bill is wrong. Look my bill. Embezzling does the boss, the VAT of 20%, it is not reported and who pays cash without a credit card receive a 10% discount. What a deal for the chief and another 10% plus him. The administrator a woman of 24 years was pretty, then with a very special reason: We are serious our staff has at least 3 years experience and the waiters are dependent on the tip, because the salary is very low. This is the case here. Even better for the boss, what kind of person who take advantage of people, oh pooh. Here one can not simply go more and what typ of car comes after Porsche Cayenne boss?
I hope soon the tax office and the jail, that would be poetic justice.
I will withdraw the assessment only if the waiter is restored, I owe it to the poor waiter
WITHOUT APOLOGIES Posters on Utility Box at DuPont Circle, NW, Washington DC on Wednesday afternoon, 7 June 2017 by Elvert Barnes Photography
WITHOUT APOLOGIES LGBT Public Displays of Affection Project / Street Art Series
elvertbarnes.com/withoutapologies
Street Photography: WRITINGS ON THE WALL / SIGNS OF GAY PRIDE 2017
Jack (without his lead) exploring the lake edge whilst on another Sunday Dog-Walking Stroll Through Abbey Fields, Kenilworth
07.02.2016
“If you had free reign over classified networks… and you saw incredible things, awful things… things that belonged in the public domain, and not on some server stored in a dark room in Washington DC… what would you do?”
“God knows what happens now. Hopefully worldwide discussion, debates, and reforms… I want people to see the truth… because without information, you cannot make informed decisions as a public.”
-Quotes from an online chat attributed to Bradley Manning
Who is Bradley Manning:
---------------------------------
"Nobel Peace Prize nominee PFC Bradley Manning, a 25-year-old Army intelligence analyst, who released the Collateral Murder video, that shows the killing of unarmed civilians and two Reuters journalists, by a US Apache helicopter crew in Iraq. Manning also shared documents known as the Afghan War Diary, the Iraq War Logs, and series of embarrassing US diplomatic cables. These documents were published by the anti-secrecy website WikiLeaks, and they have illuminated such issues as the true number and cause of civilian casualties in Iraq, along with a number of human rights abuses by U.S.-funded contractors and foreign militaries, and the role that spying and bribes play in international diplomacy. Given the war crimes exposed by these documents, PFC Bradley Manning should be given a medal of honor.
Not a single person has been harmed by the release of this information. Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates has called the effect of WikiLeaks’ releases on U.S. foreign relations “fairly modest.” Yet the Obama administration has chosen to persecute the whistle-blower rather than prosecute the war criminals who were exposed. While the prosecution has declared it does not intend to seek the death penalty, they do seek to lock PFC Bradley Manning away for life, with the most ridiculous charge of ‘aiding the enemy,’ even though chat logs attributed to Bradley by the FBI clearly show intent only to inform the public and promote “discussion, debates, and reforms.”
Soldiers are promised fair treatment and a speedy trial under the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). However, the soldiers responsible for PFC Manning’s care took it upon themselves to abuse him by keeping him locked up in solitary confinement for the first 10 months of his incarceration. During this time, Bradley was denied meaningful exercise, social interaction, sunlight, and on a number of occasions he was forced to stay completely naked. These conditions were unique to Bradley and are illegal even under US military law, as they amount to extreme pre-trial punishment. In March 2011, chief US State Department spokesperson PJ Crowley called PFC Manning’s treatment at the Quantico, Virginia, Marine Corps brig “ridiculous and counterproductive and stupid.” He was forced to resign shortly after admitting this. Since resigning, he has stated that the prosecution’s heavy-handed persecution of PFC Manning has undermined the government’s credibility.
Bradley’s treatment sparked a probe by the United Nations special rapporteur on torture, Juan Mendez. Mr. Mendez stated that he has been “frustrated by the prevarication of the US government with regard to my attempts to visit Mr. Manning.” After having his requests to visit Bradley repeatedly blocked, and after completing a fourteen month investigation, Mr. Mendez issued a statement saying that PFC Bradley Manning’s treatment has been “cruel and inhuman.”
It only took one week in April 2011 to have over a half million people sign a petition calling on President Obama to end the isolation and torture of Bradley Manning. The Obama administration’s ongoing persecution of Bradley Manning has served as “a chilling deterrent to other potential whistleblowers committed to public integrity,” and over 300 top legal scholars have declared that Bradley’s treatment was a violation of the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment, as well as a violation of the Fifth Amendment’s guarantee against punishment without trial. Among the signatories is professor Laurence Tribe, a Harvard professor who taught President Obama. Professor Tribe was, until recently, a senior advisor to the US Justice Department.
Partially in response to public outcry, on April 21, 2011, Bradley was moved from Quantico to Fort Leavenworth, KS, where his conditions greatly improved. The very day he was moved, President Obama was surprised at a breakfast fundraiser by a group of protesters. At the end of the fundraiser, a member of the Bradley Manning Support Network, Logan Price, questioned him about Bradley’s situation. The President stated that “He [Bradley Manning] broke the law.” This pretrial declaration of guilt that has caused concern among legal experts, who argue it is clearly a case of ‘undue command influence’. President Obama is the highest ranking military commander, and soldiers follow his orders and his direction. By declaring PFC Bradley Manning guilty, he set the tone and direction of the subordinate military prosecution. It is now difficult for soldiers to express support for PFC Bradley Manning, who like many soldiers who follow the lead of their commander-in-chief, assume PFC Bradley Manning is guilty. Finally, reinforcing the assumption of Manning’s guilt, no charges were filed against any of the soldiers who took it upon themselves to abuse Bradley while he was under their supervision.
Bradley Manning has a growing list of supporters who want all the charges against him dropped. Among the supporters is the famous whistle-blower, Daniel Ellsberg, who leaked the Pentagon Papers in 1971. Recognizing the valor required to tell the truth, Ellsberg calls PFC Bradley Manning a hero and a patriot. We agree. Drop all the charges, and free PFC Bradley Manning.
We hope that you will join us as well. See what you can do to support justice in this historic time."
Source and for more information about Bradley Manning please visit:
Original images shot in Dundee on my iPhone. Double exposures made in Photoshop.
All images are copyright and should not be copied without permission,
Without mysteries, life would be very dull indeed. What would be left to strive for if everything were known.
- Charles de Lint
Cave Without A Name, Kendall County, Texas - One of Texas' hidden treasures, in February 2009 the Cave Without A Name was designated an official Natural Landmark!
Despite the innumerable caves and caverns that dot the Texas landscape, there are only a handful of caves that are open to touring by the public. Running along the interstate, it's easy to spot the billboards for Natural Bridge Caverns, Inner Space Caverns, Cascade Caverns - but very few people have ever heard of the Cave Without A Name. In fact, despite living less than an hour away for over ten years, I had no knowledge of it until recently. Yet this little cave is just as interesting as any of the larger, more travelled tourist stops.
Located about ten miles northeast of Boerne at the end of twisty-turny Hill Country roads near the Guadalupe River, the Cave Without A Name led an unremarkable existence until the 1920's. Much like Longhorn Caverns, the cave was used by bootleggers during Prohibition. The cave was opened in 1939 as a tourist attraction, the name chosen by a local boy who decided the caves were too beautiful for a name.
For decades, the Cave Without A Name remained an obscure, out-of-the-way spot, known mostly by locals and advertised by small hand-made signs on the highway. Tragedy struck when the manager of the cave (and the owner's son) passed away while exploring a nearby complex known tragically as Dead Man's Cave for drainage channels. Despite this loss, the cave remains open.
Then in February 2009, the Cave Without A Name was designated an official National Landmark by the National Park Service, along with five other historic sites around the country. Fewer than 600 locations have been designated as National Landmarks since the inception of the program, and only six within the past decade.
At the end of Kreutzberg Road, there is a small visitor's center and gift shop. Stairs lead down to the caverns below, well-lit with several impressive speleological formations - stalagmites, stalactites, soda straws, flowstone, ribbons, rimstone. It's a short tour, but easy and level without difficulty, the tour group size is usually small and it is easy to get up close to the formations (but don't touch - it's still a live cave). Longer 'adventure tours' are available (the website says they have been suspended due to high water, but that was written in 2007 before the area's record drought). Definitely worth the visit for anyone interested in caves or spelunking. Pictures taken April 6, 2008.
For more information on the Cave Without A Name:
- Texas Speleological Survey Entry.
This photograph is free for use on the internet under the 'Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial' license. You are free to copy, distribute, transmit and/or adapt this photograph without seeking permission first, as long as you provide attribution to the photograph (preferably by linking to this web page, or including the phrase 'Copyright Matthew Lee High'), and as long as the the photo is not used for commercial purposes. For more information about Creative Commons licenses, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/deed.en.
My feet are in the lower left-hand corner--to the right, Sarah W., then Dan, up-top Beth, then Sarah M.
To many users of Secondlife, mesh- assets created in external 3D modeling programs, has become an essential part of their user experience. But what if mesh never happened?
In Svarga, an ecosystem dating back to SL's earliest years, we can see what the world would look like. Unlike many other older, non-mesh simulators, there are also ZERO laggy sculpts. Everything you see around my avatar, including the bee, is 100% made from in world tools. Prims! Additionally, all textures are 512 or smaller.
Most astonishingly, every living thing in the simulator is actually *alive*. Scripted herbivores munch on grass, and carnivores eat the herbivores. Flowers and trees release seeds, and weeds bob on the water. Despite this incredible dedication to a life like scripted ecology, there was zero lag even at the highest graphic levels my system could handle.
Want to perfect optimizing your content for Secondlife? Head to Svarga, and study how they did it without modern tools.
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Il Duomo di San Giorgio si erge nel cuore di Ragusa Ibla.
Antica chiesa madre della città prima del 1693, sorgeva all’estremità est dell'abitato, nei pressi dell'attuale Giardino ibleo, dove si trova ancora il grande portale quattrocentesco, di stile gotico-catalano, unica vestigia rimasta dell'antico tempio.
La chiesa fu gravemente danneggiata dal terremoto e restarono in piedi parte della facciata, alcune cappelle e parte della Cappella maggiore, per cui venne costruito un ampio locale adiacente alla navata sinistra del vecchio tempio, in cui poter svolgere le funzioni.
Nel secondo quarto del XVIII secolo, si decise di trasferire la chiesa nel sito della vecchia di San Nicola, che fino al XVI secolo era stata la parrocchia dei fedeli di rito greco e successivamente, passata al rito latino, era divenuta chiesa sacramentale di San Giorgio. Del progetto venne incaricato nel 1738 Rosario Gagliardi, architetto di Noto, uno dei protagonisti della ricostruzione barocca, di cui questo edificio è una delle opere migliori.
La prima pietra fu posta il 28 giugno del 1739, come ricorda una lapide murata sul lato destro della scalinata, e tuttavia, come ricorda l'enigmatica iscrizione posta sul lato opposto, i lavori poterono cominciare solo nel 1744. Il 5 ottobre 1775, con la salita delle campane, si conclusero i lavori della facciata. Secondo tradizione la cupola sarebbe stata progettata e realizzata nel 1820 dal capomastro ragusano Carmelo Cultraro, su modello di quella del Pantheon di Parigi, ma recenti studi e riscontri archivistici ne assegnano la paternità all'architetto Stefano Ittar.
Al Vescovo venne intitolato l'altare del transetto destro che probabilmente è posto nel luogo in cui sorgeva l'altare maggiore dell'antica chiesa. In questo duomo è stato girato la seconda serie di l'onore e il rispetto
L'interno
Il progetto di Rosario Gagliardi, di cui si conservano le tavole originali, è caratterizzato dalla monumentale facciata a torre che ingloba il campanile nel prospetto e termina con una cuspide a bulbo, richiamando i tabernacoli lignei, seicenteschi, delle chiese cappuccine.
La collocazione della chiesa al termine di un'alta scalinata e la posizione obliqua rispetto alla piazza sottostante accentuano l'imponenza e gli effetti plastici, creati da una lieve convessità del partito centrale e dalla presenza delle colonne libere. Due coppie di volute fanno da raccordo tra i diversi livelli ospitando, rispettivamente, le statue di San Giorgio e San Giacomo in basso, e quelle di San Pietro e San Paolo in alto.
Sulla cuspide, sotto la croce, si legge la data 1775, che indica la conclusione dei lavori della facciata.
Nel primo ordine del partito centrale si apre un grande portale con cornice mistilinea, ricca di fregi e rilievi a motivi vegetali, mentre le porte lignee hanno una preziosa decorazione scultorea, in sei riquadri, con la raffigurazione di episodi del martirio di San Giorgio, opera dell'intagliatore palermitano Vincenzo Fiorello, che li realizzò nel 1793.
L'interno, a croce latina, con le braccia chiuse da absidi semicircolari, è sereno ed equilibrato e viene diviso in tre navate da dieci robusti pilastri in pietra, con un'ampia zoccolatura in pece. Gli intagli che decorano il cornicione e i capitelli dei pilastri furono realizzati tra il 1779 ed il 1781 dagli scultori Giambattista Muccio e Giorgio Nobile di Ragusa.
Nell'incrocio del transetto con la navata centrale si eleva la cupola di gusto neoclassico, a doppia calotta, poggiante su due file di colonne.
Questa chiesa trova corrispondenza non tanto nell'architettura italiana, ma è molto più simile ai modelli dell'Europa del nord, come le chiese londinesi di Hawksmoor e quelle di Neumann in Franconia che sviluppano in facciata il tema del partito centrale a torre.[senza fonte]
Nelle cappelle delle navate laterali si trovano tele di alcuni dei più celebri artisti del settecento siciliano: Vito D'Anna, Antonio Manno, Giuseppe Tresca.
Sopra le porte laterali sono conservati i due simulacri che vengono portati in processione per le strade, durante la festa patronale di San Giorgio: la statua del Santo a cavallo opera dello scultore palermitano Girolamo Bagnasco, che la realizzò nel 1874, e la grande cassa-reliquiario in lamina d'argento sbalzata, opera del 1818 dell'argentiere palermitano Domenico La Villa.
Sulla navata centrale prospetta il grande organo (1887) a 3368 canne, capolavoro della ditta Serassi di Bergamo, che lo volle chiamare Organum maximum, in quanto sintesi della sua migliore arte organaria.
Nell'adiacente sacrestia si conserva un resto della monumentale ancona in pietra calcarea che lo scultore Antonello Gagini aveva scolpito per la vecchia chiesa di San Giorgio tra il 1573 e il 1576. Dalle rovine della chiesa furono recuperate tre nicchie e quattro statue che, pur assemblate in modo alquanto scorretto, danno tuttavia una idea della magnificenza dell'opera originaria.
The homeless in rural Florida have proven what I believed in all along. That they could help each other without paid staff, when given the proper resources. Homeless veterans, men, women, and children have shown that they can take a hand up, instead of a handout, and get their lives back in order. In less than three years there were five shelters; two for homeless Veterans.
We recently closed one shelter because the Mission in Citrus eliminated 75% of the homeless Veteran problem in Citrus County, and due to the slowdown in our present economy. Our shelters are geared to operate at the lowest cost, and to be moved or closed when necessary. They are located close to jobs and resources.
Close to 450 former residents still keep in contact with me through email, Facebook, or phone. I am so very proud of them, as their accomplishments are no less than a miracle. We are not faith based but live by faith. No one is forced to go to church, but over 90% attend services each week at the church of their choice. Our saying is that God runs things around here. And He does. Miracle after miracle has occurred during the past four years. A Good Samaritan to all in need. We are struggling now, as we have been denied funding because we do not have anyone who can write grants properly. But we are working on that. And all of the praise, glory, and honor, we give to God for all His blessings.
Over two thousand people were helped back into society since 2009, by using fewer dollars and more sense. Their success record is 80%, which is much higher than the national average. There are no security cameras or locked doors. Our foundation is based on that no one should lose their freedoms that so many Veterans have died for, unless they are a criminal. Since February 1st 2013, over 42 people moved into homes with jobs. That may seem small to many, but it was over 50% of our residents living at our shelters. Fourteen were children. Five were entire families.
Our 1st Veteran's shelter was opened on less than $5000, and a lot of faith. It is now approaching its fourth year of operation. Veterans have returned to society into their own homes after receiving their much deserved benefits. Similar shelters were built using millions. Formerly homeless Veterans run the shelter, after being helped themselves. All give a volunteer commitment. Fund raising is now in progress to increase their capacity. Our second shelter was designed after the John Wayne-type outposts in the old west. In rural areas, the homeless have to walk between 12-50 miles for help and services. The outpost provided meals, shelter, laundry, showers, and much more. It served many Veterans living in the woods and swamps, and those traveling around the country. The model was highly successful, before it’s closing due to lack of funds... Our next project is a mobile command center called Angels on Wheels. It will be able to help Veterans in any area with full service. The mobile vehicle will enable the Mission in Citrus to reach out to many Veterans, who are currently receiving little to no help.
“If we do not help them, who will?”
The Mission in Citrus Homeless Shelters were founded in 2008, after the Executive Director “I “became homeless. My research and personal experience showed that traditional shelters were not working, and too much of their budgets were spent on administration expenses, and not on the residents. Too many criminalized homelessness. Most of the homeless are not criminals; they just need the resources to get their lives back in order. A hand up, not a hand out. The focus is on jobs, and our Hire the Homeless program has been highly successful. The residents also help operate the shelter by paying for their upkeep with donations, once they find employment or receive disability. They volunteer thousands of hours to Habitat for Humanity, area food banks, Sertoma Club, Lion's Club, and many other nonprofits. No one is allowed to sit around. All earn their keep.
We have overcome many obstacles in the past four years, from 60 tents to 5 shelters. We had major fights with everyone from the Fire Marshal, Sheriff’s Dept., and many other agencies, including County Commissioners. We now have positive working relationships with all of them. We have earned their respect. We still have a long way to go.
Grant writing is hard because there is little time after helping so many people each day. We beg for 80% of our operating funds using collections sites, such as Wal-Mart, and County flea markets. Over 1000 people were helped last year with $120,000. The Mission in Citrus continues to fight for homeless rights. Our emails are sent to numerous government officials each day. Homelessness can decrease through more accountability of dollars. One shelter gets Federal funds, while operating at an annual cost of $38,000 a bed. It is cheaper to go to Harvard.
Our residents age from four days old to 72 years old. The new face of homelessness has become many homeless women and children. We are expecting two new babies in the next month. The days of the old homeless stereotype are over. The present economy is taking no prisoners.
Our long term goals are to share our system with others, and to increase our homeless Veterans beds by 150 by buying a motel. We soon hope to start a successful in-house drug and alcohol treatment shelter. The Mission in Citrus could easily become a movie as so many miracles have occurred there. When I turned 51 last year, over 200 former residents visited, Face booked, emailed, or called. That does not happen at normal shelters.
They take great pride as they have become a family, and lift each other up. We have two quotes. “If we do not help them…Who will? “And “We follow the parable of the good Samaritan.” We help all in need. In our history, we have never failed to feed and help anyone who has entered our gates. We even take food and water into the woods and swamps for many hard core Veterans, who have lost faith in society.
About The Mission in Citrus
Our Mission is to help all in need to the best of our ability. We follow the parable of the Good Samaritan, as there are no requirements for our services. We constantly reinvent the wheel to make it all work. The faces of homelessness can change as well as each individual’s circumstances. And there have been very few that we have not been able to help. Veterans have become our priority as we have seen their suffering the most.
To all the past and present residents of the Mission in Citrus. I am so very proud of you. You made it work. God gave us the direction and help through many. God bless you all and much Love to all of you
James M Sleighter – Founder and Executive Director of the Mission in Citrus
© Copyright 2012 Francisco Aragão
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Portuguese
O Largo de São Sebastião é um importante ícone para o cenário histórico e cultural de Manaus, relacionado diretamente com o ciclo econômico da Borracha que abrange o final do século XIX e início do século XX. Uma vez que o Turismo deve ter por finalidade a intensificação das relações humanas, além do consumo visual do lugar, surge a necessidade de um levantamento histórico a respeito dos patrimônios que compõe o Centro Histórico de Manaus, relevantes para a reafirmação da identidade cultural da população manauense, uma vez que a sociedade interpreta os diferentes períodos históricos por meio da valorização dos patrimônios que integram o seu contexto social. Sendo assim, por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico e documental, e a partir de um recorte temporal e espacial, o Largo de São Sebastião é apresentado dentro dos seus simbolismos, de sua relevância histórica e cultural e da sua importância para o Turismo na cidade de Manaus.
A HISTÓRIA DO LARGO
Em decorrência do ciclo econômico da Borracha, que já se fazia presente na exportação regional desde 1827, Manaus deveria se apresentar moderna, limpa e atraente .
Então, com a justificativa de modernizar e embelezar a cidade, os governantes da época passaram a se preocupar mais com a aparência do lugar, tendo em vista a atração de mais investimentos e a visibilidade internacional da então Tapera de Manaus .
Foi assim que Manaus rendeu-se a influência da Belle Époque, movimento que surgiu na França, entre o final do século XIX e o início do século XX, e visou a melhoria da qualidade de vida e estruturação das cidades.
É importante salientar também que as obras urbanísticas as quais Manaus foi submetida na época possuem influência direta do complicado traçado urbano aplicado pelo prefeito de Paris, o Barão Haussman, na própria cidade de Paris.
É nesse período de transformações urbanísticas e culturais marcantes que convém falar da praça, mais precisamente do Largo de São Sebastião, como espaço de sociabilidade e palco de importantes manifestações caracterizadoras de uma sociedade e dentro de um contexto histórico definido.
Ao falar do Largo de São Sebastião, imediatamente faz-se necessário abordar também os patrimônios que estão intimamente ligados a sua história e que se constituem como referências turísticas para a cidade de Manaus, como: o Teatro Amazonas, a Igreja de São Sebastião e o Monumento de Abertura dos Portos do Amazonas ao Comércio Mundial.
Inicialmente, o local onde hoje se situa a Praça de São Sebastião era uma pequena roça de propriedade do Tenente-coronel Antônio Lopes de Oliveira Braga e ficava localizado entre as ruas do Progresso, da Feliz Lembrança e de Gonçalves Dias.
No dia 7 de setembro de 1867, o médico Dr. Antônio Daví Vasconcelos de Canavarro, então Diretor das Obras Públicas, mandou preparar o referido terreno para que fosse erguido no mesmo uma coluna de pedra, de seis metros de altura e com quatro faces lisas, em homenagem ao ato de abertura do rio Amazonas ao comércio mundial.
Por volta de 1898, tornou-se necessário construir outro monumento em vista da necessidade de embelezamento do Praça de São Sebastião, já que a coluna apresentava em processo de deterioração. Mário Ypiranga (1972, p. 45) afirma ser o dia 5 de setembro de 1900 a data provável de inauguração oficial do Monumento de Abertura dos Portos do Amazonas ao Comércio Mundial.
O artista italiano Domenico de Angelis é o autor do monumento atual, porém, não foi o mesmo quem executou o projeto, uma vez que era normal o artista italiano contar com uma equipe de apoio. Domenico de Angelis não chegou a ver o monumento como um todo instalado no Largo de São Sebastião, uma vez que o mesmo faleceu em março de 1900, ou seja, antes da inauguração do monumento.
Mário Ypiranga tece algumas críticas com relação ao Monumento de Abertura dos Portos do Amazonas ao Comércio Mundial, já que o mesmo não apresenta nenhum traço característico da região amazônica, a não ser o escudo do Amazonas. O calçamento em torno do Monumento de Abertura dos Portos do Amazonas ao Comércio Mundial foi executado por Antônio Augusto Duarte, que calçou a praça com paralelepípedos de granito de origem portuguesa nas cores pretas e brancas, uma alusão ao encontro das águas negras do rio Negro com as águas barrentas do rio Solimões.
Anos antes da instalação do Monumento de Abertura dos Portos do Amazonas ao Comércio Mundial, tem-se a inauguração do Teatro Amazonas, considerado o símbolo mais importante do auge do ciclo econômico da Borracha na região amazônica.
Em 1883, o presidente José Paranaguá sugeriu a construção do Teatro no terreno que se localizava em frente a Praça Paysssandu, uma vez que o local apresentava-se ventilado e localizava-se bem no centro da cidade.
Porém, a existência do igarapé do Espírito Santo no local tornava o terreno impróprio para receber tal obra. Assim, foi escolhido o terreno localizado em frente a Praça de São Sebastião, que pertencia ao tenente coronel Antônio Lopes Braga. O local foi desapropriado em 1884 para o início da construção do teatro, por ordem do Presidente José Paranaguá.
A cor original do Teatro Amazonas é um assunto que gera polêmicas entre autores e pesquisadores da área. Otoni Mesquita afirma que o uso da cor rosa era freqüente nas fachadas dos prédios do século XIX. Além disso, a fachada divulgada em 1893 apresentava a 3 O ato de abertura do rio Amazonas ao comércio mundial deu-se em 7 de dezembro de 1866 pelo então Imperador do Brasil D. Pedro II. cor rosa, o que pode ter definido a escolha da mesma cor. Porém, o autor Mário Ypiranga Monteiro diz que a pintura cor-de-rosa do teatro é recente e de autoria do engenheiro Victor Troncoso.
Outro tema norteado por dúvidas e simbolismos é a cúpula de ferro do Teatro Amazonas. No acervo do teatro é possível encontrar um projeto metálico da cúpula, datado de 1894 e de autoria do desenhista Willy von Bancels, o mesmo autor da planta da cidade de 1893.
A armação de ferro é de origem européia e as telhas envernizadas foram importadas da região francesa da Alsásia. A grandiosidade da cúpula, que apresenta as cores verde, amarela, azul e branca, uma alusão direta a Bandeira Nacional, era uma forma de lembrar aos barcos estrangeiros que aportavam em Manaus que os mesmos estavam em terras brasileiras. É válido lembrar que na época era possível observar o Teatro Amazonas de quase todas as partes da cidade.
A construção da cúpula no alto do Teatro Amazonas foi alvo de inúmeras críticas na época. Tal fato é ratificado em vários documentos oficiais datadas da época, onde é possível até mesmo encontrar editais chamando concorrentes para a demolição da cúpula.
Após inúmeras paralisações no andamento das obras de construção do Teatro Amazonas, em virtude de vários motivos, o mesmo foi inaugurado oficialmente em 31 de dezembro de 1896. Consequentemente, a edificação atual do Teatro Amazonas não corresponde ao projeto original.
Assim como o Monumento de Abertura dos Portos do Amazonas ao Comércio Mundial e o Teatro Amazonas, a Igreja de São Sebastião tem uma importância fundamental para a história do Largo de São Sebastião. Tal fato é ratificado pelo próprio nome do largo, na época de concepção apenas praça, influenciado diretamente pela presença da igreja no local.
Otoni Mesquita afirma que a referência mais antiga a respeito da construção da Igreja de São Sebastião é datada de novembro de 1868, conforme os relatórios da província. A construção da Igreja de São Sebastião é datada de 1888, na qual a direção é atribuída a Gesualdo Machetti. Durante todo o período de edificação da igreja, verificam-se várias paralisações nas obras e modificações no projeto arquitetônico.
Porém, a partir de 1911, a queda dos preços da Borracha provocou o fechamento dos seringais na Amazônia. A economia do látex entrou em declínio principalmente no ano de 1913 e, em 1920, foi confirmada a falência da Borracha na região. Assim, os delírios de uma sociedade cuja economia baseou-se unicamente na produção da Borracha, um dos principais erros dos governantes da época, transformaram-se em angústias e decepções, refletidas na decadência de muitas famílias importantes na cidade de Manaus e nas ruínas de muitos patrimônios ao longo do tempo.
Fonte : Revista Eletrônica Aboré Publicação da Escola Superior de Artes e Turismo – Edição 03/2007
ISSN 1980-6930
MEMÓRIAS DO LARGO DE SÃO SEBASTIÃO
Jhonathan Nogueira Martiniano. e Elizabeth Filippini.
http://noamazonaseassim.com/a-historia-do-largo-de-sao-sebastiao/
AL-ASMA-UL-HUSNA (THE BEAUTIFUL NAMES OF ALLAH)
The most beautiful names belong to Allah, so call on Him thereby. (7:180)
Those who believe, and whose hearts find satisfaction in the remembrance of Allah, for without doubt in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find satisfaction. (13:28) AN EXPLANATION OF THE PERFECT NAMES AND ATTRIBUTES OF GOD
It is not possible to perfectly translate the 99 names of Allah from their original Arabic into English. However, here are some fairly close explanations."He is Allah (God), the Creator, the Originator, The Fashioner, to Him belong the most beautiful names: whatever is in the heavens and on earth, do declare His praises and Glory. And He is the Exalted in Might, The Wise. (Quran 59:24)"The most beautiful names belong to Allah (God): so call on Him by them;..." (Quran 7:180)^= letter ain of arabic '= letter hamza of arabic
1. Allah
Allah, He who has the Godhood which is the power to create the entities.
Allah is the Arabic word for God. It is compounded of "Al", the definite article 'the', and "illah", meaning "god". Therefore, Allah literally means "The God" -- somewhat parallel to the capitalized "God" in English. The name Allah is used by Muslims world-wide, as well as Arabic-speaking Christians, Jews, and others. It is written in Arabic as اللهFrom an Islamic point of view, Allah is the special name of God and is the most precious name because it is not a descriptive name like the other 99 Names of Allah, but the name of God's own presence. It is impossible to alter the word in Arabic; such as create a plural form (gods) or change the gender. The Islamic concept of mankind's place in the universe hinges on the notion that God is the only true [reality]. There is nothing permanent other than God. God is considered eternal and "uncreated", whereas everything else in the universe is "created."Allah is considered by Muslims to be omnipotent, omnipresent, and omniscent. Islam teaches that other religions have, in one way or another, distorted and nullified a pure and proper belief in Almighty God by neglecting His true teachings and mixing them with man-made ideas.Muslims do not try to draw or depict God in any way, according to Islamic belief it could lead to idol worship. Instead, we focus on His 99 Names and attributes that are stated in the Quran. Nearly one third of the book is used describing God's attributes and actions. Also, "Qudsi Hadith" are special recorded sayings of Muhammad to Muslims where he quotes what God says to him. The 99 "Attributes" are frequently written in calligraphic Arabic as a permissible decoration, which adorns mosques and homes of Muslims.Here is an example of the name "Allah" written in simple Calligraphic Arabic:
AN EXPLANATION OF THE PERFECT NAMES AND ATTRIBUTES OF GOD
It is not possible to perfectly translate the 99 names of Allah from their original Arabic into English. However, here are some fairly close explanations."He is Allah (God), the Creator, the Originator, The Fashioner, to Him belong the most beautiful names: whatever is in the heavens and on earth, do declare His praises and Glory. And He is the Exalted in Might, The Wise. (Quran 59:24)"The most beautiful names belong to Allah (God): so call on Him by them;..." (Quran 7:180)^= letter ain of arabic '= letter hamza of arabic
1. Allah
Allah, He who has the Godhood which is the power to create the entities.
Allah is the Arabic word for God. It is compounded of "Al", the definite article 'the', and "illah", meaning "god". Therefore, Allah literally means "The God" -- somewhat parallel to the capitalized "God" in English. The name Allah is used by Muslims world-wide, as well as Arabic-speaking Christians, Jews, and others. It is written in Arabic as اللهFrom an Islamic point of view, Allah is the special name of God and is the most precious name because it is not a descriptive name like the other 99 Names of Allah, but the name of God's own presence. It is impossible to alter the word in Arabic; such as create a plural form (gods) or change the gender. The Islamic concept of mankind's place in the universe hinges on the notion that God is the only true [reality]. There is nothing permanent other than God. God is considered eternal and "uncreated", whereas everything else in the universe is "created."Allah is considered by Muslims to be omnipotent, omnipresent, and omniscent. Islam teaches that other religions have, in one way or another, distorted and nullified a pure and proper belief in Almighty God by neglecting His true teachings and mixing them with man-made ideas.Muslims do not try to draw or depict God in any way, according to Islamic belief it could lead to idol worship. Instead, we focus on His 99 Names and attributes that are stated in the Quran. Nearly one third of the book is used describing God's attributes and actions. Also, "Qudsi Hadith" are special recorded sayings of Muhammad to Muslims where he quotes what God says to him. The 99 "Attributes" are frequently written in calligraphic Arabic as a permissible decoration, which adorns mosques and homes of Muslims.Here is an example of the name "Allah" written in simple Calligraphic Arabic:
AN EXPLANATION OF THE PERFECT NAMES AND ATTRIBUTES OF GOD
It is not possible to perfectly translate the 99 names of Allah from their original Arabic into English. However, here are some fairly close explanations."He is Allah (God), the Creator, the Originator, The Fashioner, to Him belong the most beautiful names: whatever is in the heavens and on earth, do declare His praises and Glory. And He is the Exalted in Might, The Wise. (Quran 59:24)"The most beautiful names belong to Allah (God): so call on Him by them;..." (Quran 7:180)^= letter ain of arabic '= letter hamza of arabic
1. Allah
Allah, He who has the Godhood which is the power to create the entities.
Allah is the Arabic word for God. It is compounded of "Al", the definite article 'the', and "illah", meaning "god". Therefore, Allah literally means "The God" -- somewhat parallel to the capitalized "God" in English. The name Allah is used by Muslims world-wide, as well as Arabic-speaking Christians, Jews, and others. It is written in Arabic as اللهFrom an Islamic point of view, Allah is the special name of God and is the most precious name because it is not a descriptive name like the other 99 Names of Allah, but the name of God's own presence. It is impossible to alter the word in Arabic; such as create a plural form (gods) or change the gender. The Islamic concept of mankind's place in the universe hinges on the notion that God is the only true [reality]. There is nothing permanent other than God. God is considered eternal and "uncreated", whereas everything else in the universe is "created."Allah is considered by Muslims to be omnipotent, omnipresent, and omniscent. Islam teaches that other religions have, in one way or another, distorted and nullified a pure and proper belief in Almighty God by neglecting His true teachings and mixing them with man-made ideas.Muslims do not try to draw or depict God in any way, according to Islamic belief it could lead to idol worship. Instead, we focus on His 99 Names and attributes that are stated in the Quran. Nearly one third of the book is used describing God's attributes and actions. Also, "Qudsi Hadith" are special recorded sayings of Muhammad to Muslims where he quotes what God says to him. The 99 "Attributes" are frequently written in calligraphic Arabic as a permissible decoration, which adorns mosques and homes of Muslims.Here is an example of the name "Allah" written in simple Calligraphic Arabic:
"“These all are Handmade Abstract Calligraohy Paintings of beautiful name of Allah Almighty on Canvas with Oil Paints.These could be comissioned in any size.It could be the best digital art also in the form of writing specially the names of the Great Allah Almighty have been finished,complete 99 fairest names of Allah,Allah said in The Holy Quran"Allah has the fairest names invoke him by them.There is no God except Him.To Him belong the most beautiful names.O you who believe! remember Allah with much rememberance".I would like to express that who like this work ,he knows better that where is the place of these masterpieces for display.interested people can contact me at hamidsart@gmail.comThe original Paintings & High resolution files are also with me .These are suitable for Framed Art,Printing Posters,Islamic Calanders,Islamic wall hangings,Huge Size Digital Prints,Prints on (Canvas,Card,Paper,Ceramics,Wood,every meterial.etc
Life can be pretty good, if you let it. Over Lake Ontario, heading to Panama.
Title inspired by the Cat Stevens song.
Please do not copy, add, or download this image to any other group, website or blog without my express written permission. All rights reserved. Rob Walton Photography 2014
Do not use without permission!
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Shelter area Refugee Camp in the Heart of the City
A free, interactive, awareness-raising event
The set contains 2010 photos of the Toronto MSF display- Refugee Camp in the Heart of the City.
Photos © Linda Dawn Hammond / IndyFoto.com 2010, with usage granted to Médecins Sans Frontières / Doctors Without Borders (MSF)
Médecins Sans Frontières / Doctors Without Borders (MSF) Donor Enquiries
Call MSF at 1 800 982 7903 and ask to speak with one of their Donor Relations team members, or email them at donorrelations@msf.ca
2011
Join Médecins Sans Frontières / Doctors Without Borders (MSF) at
Refugee Camp in the Heart of the City, a free, interactive, awareness-raising exhibit. You'll be personally guided through the camp by an experienced MSF field worker and gain insight into the daily realities of 43 million people uprooted by war and conflict.
The exhibit is an outdoor reconstruction of an actual refugee camp, where experienced MSF staff (doctors, nurses, logisticians) guide visitors through a 40 to 60 minute interactive tour explaining the crucial elements for survival in a refugee crisis.
DATES & LOCATIONS
St. John’s: Bannerman Park, September 8-11, 2011
Halifax: Garrison Grounds, September 15-18, 2011
Moncton: Riverfront Park, September 22-25, 2011
Québec: Place d’Youville, September 29-October 3, 2011
We encourage you forward this invitation to anyone you know who may have the opportunity to visit the exhibit.
Thank you!
In Spring 2010, Médecins Sans Frontières / Doctors Without Borders (MSF) brought The Refugee Camp in the Heart of the City exhibit to Ontario and Québec on a four-city tour.
Ottawa: Confederation Park, May 13-16, 2010
Montréal: Parc Jeanne-Mance, May 20-23, 2010
Toronto: Christie Pits, May 27-30, 2010
Waterloo: Waterloo Public Square, June 3-6, 2010
The goal of the exhibit is to raise awareness about the plight of the world’s 42 million refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) uprooted by war and conflict.
The Refugee Camp in the Heart of the City exhibit is an outdoor reconstruction of an actual refugee camp, where experienced MSF staff (doctors, nurses, logisticians) guide visitors through a 40 to 60 minute interactive tour explaining the crucial elements for survival in a refugee or IDP crisis.
During the tour, each visitor will learn some of the challenges a refugee or IDP faces in trying to access food, shelter, water and medical care. The 740 m2 (8,000 square feet) exhibit is designed to accommodate approximately 800 to 1,200 visitors per day, and consists of the following areas:
•Shelter area
•Food distribution area
•Latrine area
•Water supply
•Health clinic
•Nutrition treatment centre
•Cholera treatment centre
•Vaccination tent
About the Refugee Camp exhibit
Guided by MSF aid workers, visitors are asked to imagine that they are among the millions of people fleeing violence and persecution in, for example, Somalia, Colombia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, or Sudan.
The exhibit is made up of materials used by MSF in its emergency medical work around the world, including emergency refugee housing, a food distribution tent, water pump, health clinic, vaccination tent, therapeutic feeding center, and a cholera treatment center. It addresses questions such as:
•Will I be safe?
•What will I eat?
•How do I find water?
•Can I get medical care?
•Where will I live?
Learn more about the issues refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) face with this interactive guide.
The exhibit is free and open to the public. If you are planning to come with a group of 15 or more please schedule a group visit for your city. Individuals are welcome without reservations.
The Refugee Camp in the Heart of the City was first launched in France in 1995, and has toured in countries in Asia, Europe, the Middle East and North America. In 2008, the exhibit attracted close to 30,000 visitors during a 4 city tour of Western Canada and 4 city tour of California.
Donor Enquiries
Call MSF at 1 800 982 7903 and ask to speak with one of their Donor Relations team members, or email them at donorrelations@msf.ca
Two photos taken to show the use of a PL circular polarising/ polarizing filter.
The polarizing filter has two applications in both color photography and black-and-white photography: it reduces reflections from some surfaces, and it can darken the sky.
This photo was taken without the circular polariser on and you can see there is significant glare or reflection from the body and windows of the bus. Also, the red buildings behind the bus look rather dull. Compare this photo with the next photo and see the sharly reduced reflection from the bus and windows, as well as the reduced haze when the polarizing filer is put onto the lens.
Read more from Wikipedia:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarizing_filter_(photography)
© All Rights Reserved - No Usage Allowed in Any Form Without the Written Consent of Connie Lemperle/ lemperleconnie or the Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden
Link to Cincinnati Zoo's Web Site ..............
"Link to the Cincinnati Zoo's Flickr photostream".
White Lioness ....
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Have a fun April Fool's Day everyone!
All kidding aside I want to wish our lioness Gracious a Happy 10th Birthday today.
There are probably ten billion shots of the ceiling of the San Francisco Public Library from this vantage on the fifth floor.
I received the Moana Snow Globe today from the Disney Store. It was in a huge shipping carton at least twice as large as it needed to be, but fortunately the snow globe came in perfect condition. It costs $69.95, and is now sold out online. The globe itself is 3 inches in diameter, the base is 7 inches in diameter by 3 inches high. The overall height of the piece is 10 inches when fully assembled.
This is the best snow globe that the Disney Store has produced since the Brave one back in 2012, and is well worth its cost. The Moana globe has an amazing amount of detail, with Maui, Moana and Pua in the globe in the middle of their boat. At the bow is Hei Hei. Under the boat are the ocean waves, which light up. It also plays 20 seconds of the song "We Know the Way."
I show the globe both without the sail (so the figures in the globe can be seen from all angles), and with the sail. Also unlit and lit. Finally I show it side by side with the Brave snowglobe.
It's a shame that Disney has never produced a snowglobe of this quality for Frozen, which would have been a natural.
Absolutely no use of TurnAround_2048 photographs without prior written permission.
Member: PBPA
Basic Details:
Line: Citybus
Fleet No.: 117
License Plate No.: UVC-652
Coachbuilder: Hyundai Motor Co.
Model: Super Aero City
Route of operation: Novaliches, Quezon City - Brgy. Alabang, Muntinlupa
Seating configuration/capacity: 3x2 / 56
Location: Skyway paralleling East Service Road, Brgy. Western Bicutan, Taguig City
Date: 2015-10-16
Engine:
Engine Manufacturer: Hyundai Auto Tech, Inc.
Engine Type: D6AV
Number of Cylinders & Arrangement: 6, Inline
Displacement, cc: 11,149
Power Output:
> In bhp: 231.78
> In PS: 235.00
> In kW: 172.84
Chassis:
Chassis Manufacturer: Hyundai Motor, Co.
Chassis Type: KMJTA18VPAC
Chassis Length:
Transmission:
Method: Manual
Nr. of Gears:
> Forward: 5
> Reverse: 1
pasted in favela Mofrrej, Sao Paulo, as part of The ArtFabric and Street Art Without Borders projects
After nearly 11 months without a drop of rain, all of Waridaad village’s traditional water sources dried up. Oxfam partners Havyoco have been trucking in clean water every day. The water is pumped into these community tanks, from where each family queues up to fill their jerrycans.
Ibrahim Harir Deria coordinates Havyoco’s water trucking: “We are suffering from consecutive drought. Last year was ok, but before that there was a drought. It is getting more common. The lack of pasture is the father of many things – it causes disease and malnutrition.
"There are four trucking centres in the village, each serving 140 households – so 560 families in total. Each household gets 45 litres of water per day – about 7.5 litres per person."
Photographed on 10 April 2015 at Strood on the River Medway.
She was in active service with the Russian Baltic Fleet until April 1, 1994, having spent 27 years in active service.
The vessel arrived in London from the naval base in Riga, Latvia, in July 1994 under the command of its Captain Vitalij Burda who bid official farewell to his second home for the last 23 years. She was at Long's Wharf, Thames Barrier until 1998 and then moved to Folkestone until the pier was put up for sale.
She has found a temporary home in Strood on the Medway (while awaiting confirmation of a permanent berth in Dublin??)
Technical Specifications
Displacement: 1,950 Tonnes (1,650 Tonnes Without Batteries)
Length: 92 Metres : Width: 7.5 Metres : Draft: 5.1 Metres (4.5 Metres without batteries)
Crew 77 Members
Max. Diving Depth 280 Metres
Working Depth. 250 Metres
Max. Surface Speed 16.8 knots
Stores Endurance 90 days
Armament
22 torpedoes including 2 with low yield nuclear Warheads
(6 + 12 forward, 4 astern)
miw paste-up on the streets of paris.
www.flickr.com/photos/urbanhearts/
part of street art without borders.
thank you so much again and again eric!
© May not be reproduced without permission. Contact me by Flickr mail if you want to buy or use my photographs
Video Ireland 1 parte :
www.cisonostato.it/video-viaggi.php?id=2854&video_id=530
Video Ireland 2 parte :
www.cisonostato.it/video-viaggi.php?id=2863&video_id=537
Video Ireland 3 parte :
www.cisonostato.it/video-viaggi.php?id=2869&video_id=544
Video Ireland 4 parte :