View allAll Photos Tagged usability
young cell phone addict man awake at night in bed using smartphone for chatting flirting and sending text message in internet addiction and mobile abuse concept
Used on this website psbd.com.pl/201605/j4k/jakie-ogrodzenie-postawic.php
Used on this website www.pekaestruck.pl/
Used in energiaoldal.hu/7-milliardba-kerulhet-a-kemenysepres-az-a...
Please don't use this image on websites, blogs or other media without my explicit permission. My photos are © all rights reserved , i.e. I OWN THE COPYRIGHT on all the photographs displayed. They are all very low resolution for display purposes only
SO DO PLEASE NOT TAKE COPIES.. Please e-mail me if you would like to use these photos.
Shakin' Stevens " Behind the Green Door " www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfo7xRziOmM
Exif data auto added by theGOOD Uploadr
File Size : 2.0 mb
Camera Make : NIKON CORPORATION
Camera Model : NIKON D1X
Software : Adobe Photoshop Alien Skin Exposure : Digital Agfachrome RSX100 :
Exposure : (1/125)
Aperture : F9
Focal Length : 33mm
ISO Speed : 125
Exposure Bias : +2/3 EV
Lens : Sigma AF 18-35mm F 3.5 - 4.5 Aspherical
www.dyxum.com/reviews/lenses/Sigma-AF-18-35mm-F3.5-4.5-As...
translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=ht...
photo.net/equipment/nikon/20-35-2.8
www.epinions.com/review/pr-Sigma_SIGMA_18-35mm_f_3_5-4_5_...
www.phototestcenter.com/html/sigma_18-35.html
www.photodo.com/lens/Sigma-AF-1835-f3545-Aspherical-UC-427
www0.epinions.com/review/Sigma_17_35mm_f2_8_4_0_EX_DG_for...
Use discount code Flickrfans to get 15% off with your minimum 10USD purchase on my Etsy store www.etsy.com/sg-en/shop/FavoriteDream
Woman talking to a friend on video call on smart phone. Green screen for your custom video content with corner has marks for advanced tracking . You can download this clip as a MOV file without watermark here: www.videoblocks.com/video/woman-talking-to-a-friend-on-vi...
Do Not Use Elvis Limousine And Charters.
My Wife and I booked a limo threw Elvis Limousine for our trip to and from the O'Hare Airport on our trip to Puerto Vallarta Mexico.
The Elvis Limousine pickup for the Airport went something like this.
******* Naperville to O'Hare ********
Time 6:30 AM
No Limo. Patiently waiting.
Time 6:50 AM
Called Elvis Limousine main phone number, no one answered.
So we called the emergency number and left a message.
Time 7:00 AM
Started looking up numbers for cap companies.
Time 7:05 AM
About to call a cab when the Limo Driver calls and said he is on his way.
Tells me he will be arriving soon.
Time 7:15 AM
Called to ask where he is says he read the paper wrong and went to O'Hare Airport to pick us up instead of the our house.
Time 7:40 AM
Limo Driver arrives he takes full responsibility for being over an hour late. Seems like a nice honest person. My wife and I decide to let it go and even tipped a small amount when we arrived at O'Hare Airport.
Time 8:15 AM
Arrived at O'Hare Airport. Almost 2 hours after the scheduled pickup time.
******* O'Hare to Naperville ********
When the Elvis Limousine was supposed to pick us up from O'Hare Airport after our trip it went something like this.
Time 6:30 PM
Flight Lands
Time 7:00 PM
Finished getting our luggage and going threw customs.
No limo is waiting for us so we called "Elvis Limousine & Charters" Main number and emergency number. No one answered either number so we left a message, no one ever called us back.
Time 7:15 PM
We called the driver from last time who was nice enough to give us his number.
He said no one was scheduled to pick us up because of a computer problem.
He said he was not doing anything and he would come pick us up.
Time 7:45 PM
"Elvis Limousine" Party Bus Arrives to pick us up. I saw the driver taking purses from inside the bus and putting them in the front seat. I thought someone had forgotten them and he had not had a chance to properly clean the vehicle. The driver threw our language on the floor.
We got and it was clear someone was in the middle of a bachelorette party. There was half drank bottles of beer, wine coolers, gifts, and comers the girls had left on the party bus. It was a mess and a complete violation of those girls trust to use their charter vehicle to pick us up.
Time 8:15 PM
Driver drops us off and demands a tip. Said that the tip we gave him last time was inadequate.
He then swore at my wife and myself. I explained to him that I had overlooked the first incident but I would not be able to over look both incidents. I explained to him that he had not provided the services that had been paid for and I would be needing a refund. He laughed and said we would never get a refund.
Time 8:30 PM
Called the Credit card company and explained how the services I had paid for had not been rendered as promised and asked to have the charges for "Elvis Limousine And Charters" disputed.
******* Conclusion about "Elvis Limousine & Charters" ********
Elvis Limousine And Charters seems to be a completely incompetent company that does not care about its customers or its obligations. An emergency line no one answers or returns calls on is very frustrating. And a limo driver should never arrive in a vehicle you did not order full of ether peoples personal positions.
I suggest if you promote this company you should stop.
If you are counting on this company for services you should reconsider.
For the sake of the employees and the customers this company sould just close its doors.
Elvis Limousines & Charter Co.
Burr Ridge and Bridgeview Illinois
Phone: 1-800-331-9923
Elvis Limousine & Charter
15w320 N Frontage Rd
Willowbrook, IL 60527 Map
(630) 455-1122
Elvis Limousine Service Chicago
Bridgeview, IL 60455
(773) 583-5466
Copyright © 2014 Ruggero Poggianella
All rights reserved. Please, do not use my photos/videos without my written permission. Please note that the fact that "this photo is public" doesn't mean it's public domain or a free stock image. Unauthorized use is strictly prohibited. If you wish to use any of my images for any reason/purpose please contact me for written permission. Tous droits reservés. Défense d'utilisation de cette image sans ma permission. Todos derechos reservados.
© Copyright: All rights reserved.
© Copyright: No usar sin mi consentimiento.
© Copyright: Você não pode usar!
© Copyright: Sie dürfen es nicht kopieren!
La Ford Mustang è un'autovettura sportiva statunitense prodotta dalla Ford Motor Company dal 1964. Si tratta di uno dei prodotti più venduti dell'industria automobilistica mondiale, imitata da molti costruttori e tuttora in produzione. La sua struttura originaria derivava dalla Ford Falcon. Fortemente voluta dal manager della società dell'epoca Lee Iacocca, poteva essere considerata una piccola muscle car equipaggiata di un motore da 2,8 L di cilindrata, erogante una potenza di 105 CV (78 kW). La presentazione della Mustang coincise perfettamente con la prima ondata della generazione dei cosiddetti Baby Boomers, cioè di quei giovani nati subito dopo la fine della seconda guerra mondiale. Questi giovani si affacciavano sul mondo del lavoro in un contesto di un'economia forte. A questa generazione nessun costruttore di automobili aveva pensato e pertanto non esistevano modelli di auto indirizzati specificatamente a loro.
Fu Iacocca ad identificare questo settore del mercato e a proporre loro una vettura giovane e sofisticata.
La Ford però in quel periodo risentiva di una situazione economica difficile dovuta agli scarsi risultati, e seguente dismissione, della Edsel avvenuto alla fine del 1959. Quando Iacocca propose la sua nuova vettura si trovò di fronte una direzione, con al vertice Robert McNamara, poco propensa ad imbarcarsi in una nuova rischiosa avventura. Iacocca però perseverò ed ottenne il via libera per la produzione alla metà del 1962. Gli vennero concessi 18 mesi per progettare e realizzare la vettura che sarebbe divenuta la Mustang. Alla fine il progetto venne portato a termine in un tempo inferiore e utilizzando un budget minore di quanto preventivato. La chiave di volta di questo successo fu data dalla decisione di utilizzare il maggior numero possibile di componenti meccaniche già prodotte dalla Ford. Per quanto riguardava il design della vettura ci si basò sul manuale interno spingendo al massimo la tecnologia produttiva dell'epoca.
Fu utilizzata anche, all'epoca, la nuova tecnologia che permetteva di ottenere superfici vetrate curve con assenza di distorsioni. Come detto la piattaforma di partenza era quella della Falcon. Il telaio però venne completamente rivisto per adeguarlo alle caratteristiche della nuova vettura. Fu aggiunto anche un innovativo sistema strutturale, detto Torque Box, che permetteva di incrementare la rigidità, la solidità e la maneggevolezza della vettura, rispetto a quelle dell'epoca, facilitandone nello stesso tempo la produzione. In pratica questa componente diventava un singolo pezzo da realizzare. Anche il lancio pubblicitario della Mustang fu un grande successo. La vettura venne presentata al New York Fair il 17 aprile del 1964. Due giorni dopo, 19 aprile, venne presentata in contemporanea sulle tre televisioni americane. La risposta del pubblico fu enorme ed immediata e si verificò un quasi terremoto in tutte le concessionarie Ford del paese. L'idea iniziale che portò alla realizzazione della Mustang si deve a Donald N. Frey e a Lee Iacocca, allora general manager della Ford. Il primissimo concept della vettura, denominata Ford Mustang I, fu realizzato in appena 100 giorni e debuttò il 7 ottobre 1962, durante il GP degli Stati Uniti a Watkins Glen (New York). Profondamente diverso dal modello che nacque in seguito, era una spyder a due posti con motore centrale, lunga appena 3.919 millimetri e larga 1.549 mm. Infatti, nelle prime intenzioni di Iacocca, l'auto doveva fare concorrenza alla Chevrolet Corvair Monza. Il motore utilizzato fu il 1498cc V4 della Ford Taunus, in versione da 109cv. Per "saggiare" la risposta dei potenziali acquirenti, i vertici Ford promossero dei tour dimostrativi nei college, ricercando una clientela giovane; tuttavia, la risposta del pubblico fu poco entusiasta, così l'auto rimase allo stadio di concept car, e il progetto dovette ricominciare da capo, arrivando poi all'auto che si conosce oggi. Il design dell'auto venne affidato a David Ash e a Joseph Oros, dello studio di design della Lincoln – Mercury, marchi di proprietà della Ford, che risultarono vincitori di una gara interna voluta da Iacocca. La versione base doveva essere costituita da una vettura hardtop sulla quale sarebbe stato montato un motore a sei cilindri in linea. La cilindrata di questa unità motrice era di 2,8 L mentre la potenza sviluppata raggiungeva i 105 hp (78 kW). La trasmissione doveva essere affidata ad un cambio manuale a tre marce. Il prezzo di vendita della prima Mustang doveva essere di 2.368 dollari USA dell'epoca ma alla fine quest'ultimo crebbe di alcune centinaia di dollari. Il design della Mustang ricevette molti riconoscimenti e premi. Il suo muso lungo, che ricordava la Lincoln Continental, il suo abitacolo corto e un tocco di stile internazionale che faceva pensare alle Ferrari le valsero nel 1964 il prestigioso premio quale Motor Trend Car of the Year e, prima vettura a riceverlo, il premio “Eccellenza” nel design proposto dalla Tiffany. Nello stesso anno la Mustang fu anche la pace-car alla 500 miglia di Indianapolis. Nonostante il suo progetto fosse indirizzato a farla identificare come vettura sportiva nella realizzazione della Mustang si era ampiamente fatto ricorso a componenti di altre vetture della Ford. Così sospensioni e trasmissione provenivano dalla Ford Falcon e dalla media Ford Fairlane. La piattaforma utilizzata era quella della Falcon del 1964 con sezioni laterali scatolate e con cinque elementi di rinforzo saldati. Sebbene la lunghezza della Mustang e della Falcon fosse identica, 4,613 m, l'interasse della Mustang era più corto, 2,743 m. Anche la larghezza differiva di poco, la Mustang era di 86 mm più stretta della Falcon, mentre quasi identica rimase la carreggiata delle due vetture. La Mustang pesava a secco 1.170 kg per la versione che montava il sei cilindri in linea e 1.360 kg nella versione dotata di motore a V8. Come per la Falcon e la Fairlane la Mustang adottava lo schema delle sospensioni indipendenti all'anteriore e lo SLA (Short-Long-Arm), con molle montate sul braccio superiore. Le sospensioni posteriori erano del tipo Hotchkiss con l'assale montato su molle. I freni erano quelli standard della Falcon: a tamburo da 229 mm di diametro per la versione sei cilindri e da 254 mm per la versione dotata di V8. Lo sterzo era caratterizzato da un rapporto di riduzione di 27:1 ed erano necessarie 5 rotazioni complete del volante per raggiungere il massimo angolo di sterzata. Poteva però essere montato, come optional, anche uno sterzo più diretto, con rapporto di 21,7:1, che migliorava le prestazioni in questo campo, anche se a prezzo di un maggiore sforzo fisico da parte del conducente. Molto del fascino della Mustang derivava dalla lista degli optional disponibili che rendeva possibile realizzare quasi una vettura su misura per ogni cliente. Erano disponibili diverse tipologie di trasmissioni: quattro marce manuale e tre marce automatico Cruise-O-Matic. Come motori era possibile montare un sei cilindri in linea da 4,2 L e da 164 Hp (122 kW) oppure un motore da 4,7 L da 210 hp (157 kW). A partire dal giugno del 1964 divenne disponibile la versione K-Code da 271 hp (202 kW) del motore. Quest'ultimo faceva parte di un kit nel quale erano comprese molle delle sospensioni più dure, ammortizzatori più rigidi, barre anti-rollio anteriori, ruote più larghe e sterzo manuale. Questo kit ad alte prestazioni era l'optional più costoso della gamma Mustang e nel 1965 ne furono montati solo 7.273 su un totale di 680.992 Mustang vendute. Altri optional erano costituiti dal differenziale autobloccante, cerchi ruota e relative coperture di disegno più elaborato, freni più potenti, aria condizionata, consolle centrale, tetto in vinile, diversi impianti radio, sedili e diversi altri accessori. Verso la fine del 1965 divennero disponibili, sempre a richiesta, i freni a disco anteriori. Furono poi aggiunti dei pacchetti specificatamente rivolti agli interni, Interior Decor Group o Pony Interior. Naturalmente il prezzo di acquisto della vettura, basso inizialmente, saliva con queste personalizzazioni di diverse centinaia di dollari che rendevano la Mustang una delle vetture con il più alto margine di profitto per i concessionari e per la ditta stessa. Due erano le tipologie di carrozzeria disponibili: decapottabile e hardtop. Fu con il model year 1965, cioè dopo soli cinque mesi dalla presentazione del modello, che vennero introdotti i primi importanti cambiamenti. Per prima cosa venne rivista la gamma dei motori disponibili. Venne tolto il 2,8 L che fu sostituito da un 3,3 L che forniva 120 hp (89 kW) a 4.400 giri al minuto. Con l'introduzione del modello 1965 venne eliminato anche la versione che montava il 4,2 L che fu rimpiazzata da due nuovi modelli dotati del 4,7 L (289inch) V8. La prima, di ingresso alla gamma, con carburatore doppio corpo e 200 hp (149 kW) di potenza. La gamma continuava con un modello dotato di carburatore a quattro corpi che forniva 225 hp (168 kW) per concludersi con il modello ad alte prestazioni, o HiPo, che invece era rimasto invariato. Altra importante variante fu l'introduzione della carrozzeria fastback, cioè due porte più portellone posteriore. Con questo modello ci fu anche il passaggio, avvenuto su tutta la produzione Ford, dai generatori a corrente continua (DC) Dinamo a quelli a corrente alternata (AC) Alternatore e venne introdotto anche il nuovo pacchetto optional GT, o ad alte prestazioni, nel quale erano compresi sia il precedente pacchetto HiPo che altre componenti. Questo kit era disponibile con i motori da 200 e da 225 hp e con tutte le tipologie di carrozzeria, dal cabrio, soft top, hard top e coupé. Il modello 1966 della Mustang vide l'introduzione di modifiche minori negli allestimenti e di alcuni nuovi optional. Questi ultimi erano rappresentati dalla trasmissione automatica anche per le versioni più potenti, nuovi colori per gli interni e per la carrozzeria, un sistema audio Stereosonic ad otto tracce e con ricezione in AM oltre ad una delle prime radio AM/FM disponibili su una vettura. Il modello 1967 fu il primo a subire delle riprogettazioni importanti e che vide l'ingresso nella gamma del motore Big block V8. Il modello che funse da base per l'introduzione di questo motore fu quello dotato del 4.7 L. Su questa vettura venne montato il motore a V da 6,4 L (391inch) che forniva 320 hp (239 kW), già montato sulla Ford Thunderbird. Con il model year 1968 venne introdotto il motore Supercobra da 6,5 L. Venne usata una versione limitata a 335 hp (250 kW) e non quella originale da 410 hp (305 kW). L'anno successivo venne introdotta la muscle car Boss 429, una vettura costruita a mano e creata per ottenere l'omologazione NASCAR. Questa vettura fu disponibile solo nel biennio 1969 – 1970. La carrozzeria era simile alla fastback ed era stata denominata dalla Ford Sport Roof. Gli interni, lussuosi, erano denominati Mach 1. Per i colori la Ford si mantenne su schemi sobri, rispetto a quelli sgargianti dell'epoca. Altre caratteristiche che permettevano di riconoscere questa vettura erano le decalcomanie Boss 429 poste su entrambi i parafanghi anteriori, le ruote Magnum 500 da 15 pollici (380 mm) di diametro con gomme Goodyear Polyglass e la presa d'aria realizzata sul cofano. Per ottenere maggiori benefici nelle competizioni, e con le tariffe assicurative, la potenza del motore era stata limitata a 375 hp (280 kW). Però era possibile ottenere con poche modifiche effettuate direttamente in fabbrica (montaggio della testata in alluminio con camera di combustione emisferica e sostituzione della guarnizione della testata con un mix di O-ring e altre guarnizioni – sostituzione impianto di scarico e rimozione del limitatore all'aspirazione) un incremento di 75/100 hp (56/74 kW). Se la vettura veniva portata a questo livello di prestazioni non erano più disponibili l'aria condizionata e la trasmissione automatica. Nello stesso periodo per ottenere le omologazioni nella Trans-Am fu creata la Boss 302 nella quale la Ford cercò di unire la potenza di una muscle car con la maneggevolezza di una vettura sport. Su questa vettura era montato il 4,8 L V8 del 1968. Su questo motore furono montate le testate del futuro 5,8 L (351inch) che verrà presentato nel 1970 con la denominazione di Cleveland. La potenza erogata dal motore era di 290 hp (216 kW) mentre la trasmissione era del tipo manuale a quattro marce. Originariamente la vettura doveva essere denominata Trans-Am ma la Ford fu battuta dalla Pontiac che applicò la stessa denominazione ad una versione speciale della Firebird. L'aspetto estetico della vettura era stato curato da Larry Shinoda e la vettura venne soprannominata Baby Boss. Nei primi due anni di produzione furono vendute quasi 1.5 milioni di Mustang, stabilendo così il nuovo record delle vendite. Le vetture venivano prodotte negli stabilimenti di San Josè (California), Dearborn e Metuchen (New Jersey). Le altre case automobilistiche si trovavano nella condizione di non poter reagire. La General Motors produceva la Convair Monza, una vettura a motore posteriore che poteva competere con la Mustang ma le cui vendite rimasero sempre molto lontane da quelle realizzate dalla vettura Ford. Fu solo nel 1967, con la presentazione della Chevrolet Camaro e della Pontiac Firebird, che la GM poté contare su dei modelli comparabili alla Mustang. La AMC presentò, nel 1968, la sua Javelin e in seguito la AMX, una due posti capace di elevate prestazioni. La Chrysler aveva presentato qualche settimana prima della Mustang la sua Barracuda che però non ottenne lo stesso successo della sua concorrente, anche se in seguito divenne una delle più potenti Muscle-car disponibili. In Germania la prima serie fu venduta col nome T5, poiché Mustang identificava un veicolo commerciale della Krupp, e venne acquistata prevalentemente dai militari americani stanziati nel paese. Dopo la fusione tra la Lincoln e la Mercury, ambedue marchi del gruppo Ford, un'altra Mustang fece la sua apparizione: la Mercury Cougar. Questa vettura altro non era che un Mustang di fascia alta. Presentata nel 1967 ottenne nello stesso anno il premio quale Motor Trend Car.
In the Astrotech facility at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, NASA's Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport, or InSight, spacecraft is lifted for placement on a spin table during preflight processing. InSight will be the first mission to look deep beneath the Martian surface. It will study the planet's interior by measuring its heat output and listen for marsquakes. The spacecraft will use the seismic waves generated by marsquakes to develop a map of the planet’s deep interior. The resulting insight into Mars’ formation will provide a better understanding of how other rocky planets, including Earth, were created. InSight is scheduled for liftoff May 5, 2018.
Photo credit: USAF 30th Space Wing/Dan Herrera
This is part of an article about "using gels on your small flash" that I've wrote on my Lighting Mods blog.
You can find the first part of the article here and what you can get with the gels on the flash at the second part of the article in here.
Strobist: SB-26 1/16 camera left, triggered with PW, with CTO gel and camera balanced to Tungsten so that's why the day light turned into a blueish tone. Camera Tv25 and Av8.0.
I made these {set of 4} corner book marks using a tutorial from here: www.ehow.com/print/how_7168315_fold-paper-corner-bookmark...
I modified the sizing to be 4x3 and rounded the corners. All images/sentiments are stamped using Lawn Fawn and Paper Pieced. I used October Afternoon & My Minds Eye Paper. You can see my blog post w/ all the details here: heathersscrappiness.blogspot.com/2011/10/corner-bookmarks...
Demel
The title of this article is ambiguous. Other uses, see Demel (disambiguation).
K.u.K. Hofzuckerbäcker Ch Demel 's Söhne GmbH
Founded in 1786
Coffee and pastry industry
Products Coffee, tea, cakes
website www.Demel.at
Interior furnishings from Komptoir Demel in Vienna, from Portois Fix
When decorating goods Visitors may watch.
Demel is one of the most famous Viennese pastry at the carbon (cabbage) market (Kohlmarkt) 14 in the first Viennese district Innere Stadt. Demel was a k.u.k. Hofzuckerbäcker and runs this item today in public.
History
1778 came the of Wurttemberg stemming confectioner Ludwig Dehne to Vienna. 1786, he founded his pastry shop at the place of St. Michael. Dehne died in 1799 of tuberculosis. His widow then married the confectioner Gottlieb Wohlfahrt. In 1813 they bought the house in St. Michael's Square 14. Despite numerous innovations such as frozen the company's finances could not be rehabilitated. After the death of Gottlieb Wohlfahrt in 1826 the widow and her son from her first marriage August Dehne succeeded but the economic boom. August Dehne managed to great wealth, he invested in land. As the son of August Dehne struck another career as a lawyer, Dehne sold the confectionery in 1857 to his first mate Christoph Demel.
Demel also had success in the continuation of the company and established it to a Viennese institution. After the death of Christoph Demel in 1867 his sons Joseph and Charles took over the business, which is why it since "Christoph Demel 's Söhne" means. On request Demel received 1874 the Hoflieferantentitel (the titel as purveyor to the court). The proximity to the Imperial Palace directly opposite made business more profitable. The Hofburg borrowed from Demel occasionally staff and tableware for special occasions such as proms and parties. Recent developments in the art of confectionery were brought from Paris. Trained at Demel, professionals quickly found employment.
1888 Old Burgtheater was demolished at Michael's place and transformed the place. Demel had to move out of the house and he moved to the Kohlmarkt 14. The new store inside was equipped inside with high costs by purveyor to the court Portois & Fix. The interior is decorated in the style of Neo-Rococo with mahogany wood and mirrors. Regulars were members of the Viennese court as Empress Elisabeth, and other prominent members of the Vienna society of the time, the actress Katharina Schratt and Princess Pauline von Metternich. A peculiarity of Demel from the time of the monarchy is that the always female attendance, which originally was recruited from monastic students, is dressed in a black costume with a white apron. They are called Demelinerinnen and address the guest traditionally in a special "Demel German", which is a polite form of the third person plural, omitting the personal salutation and with questions such as "elected Have you?" or "want to eat?" was known.
After the death of Joseph and Carl Demel took over Carl's widow Maria in 1891 the management. She also received the k.u.k. Hoflieferantentitel. From 1911 to 1917 led Carl Demel (junior) the business and then his sister Anna Demel (4 March 1872 in Vienna - November 8, 1956 ibid ; born Siding). Under her leadership, the boxes and packaging were developed by the Wiener Werkstätte. Josef Hoffmann established in 1932 because of a contract the connection of the artist Friedrich Ludwig Berzeviczy-Pallavicini to Anna Demel. The design of the shop windows at that time was an important means of expression of the shops and there were discussions to whether they should be called visual or storefront (Seh- or Schaufenster - display window or look window). While under the Sehfenster (shop window) an informative presentation of goods was understood, the goods should be enhanced by staging the showcase. From 1933 until his emigration in 1938 took over Berzeviczy-Pallavicini the window dressing of Demel and married in 1936 Klara Demel, the adopted niece of Anna Demel.
During the Nazi regime in Austria the confectioner Demel got privileges from the district leadership because of its reputation. Baldur von Schirach and his wife took the confectioner under their personal protection, there were special allocations of gastronomic specialties from abroad in order to continue to survive. But while the two sat in the guest room and consumed cakes, provided the Demelinerinnen in a hallway between the kitchen and toilet political persecutws, so-called U-Boats. Those here were also hearing illegal radio stations and they discussed the latest news.
1952 Anna Demel was the first woman after the war to be awarded the title Kommerzialrat. She died in 1956. Klara Demel took over the management of the bakery. Berzeviczy-Pallavicini, who lived in the United States until then returned to Vienna. After Clara's death on 19 April 1965, he carried on the pastry. During his time at Demel he established the tradition to make from showpieces of the sugar and chocolate craft extravagant neo-baroque productions. Baron Berzeviczy sold the business in 1972 for economic reasons to the concealed appearing Udo Proksch, who established in 1973 in the first floor rooms for the Club 45; also Defence Minister Karl Lütgendorf had his own salon. After Proksch was arrested in 1989 in connection with the Lucona scandal, he sold Demel to the non-industry German entrepreneur Günter Wichmann. 1993 it came to insolvency. Raiffeisen Bank Vienna as principal creditor, acquired the property in 1994 from the bankrupt company to initially continue itself the traditional Viennese company through a subsidiary. In the process of the renovation in March 1995 on the fourth floor were mura painting from the 18th century exposed and the baroque courtyard covered by a glass construction which since the re-opening on 18 April 1996 can be used as Schanigarten (pavement café) or conservatory.
In 2002 the catering company Do & Co took over the Demel. The company was awarded with the "Golden Coffee Bean " of Jacobs coffee in 1999. Demel now has additional locations in Salzburg and New York.
Products
Demel chocolate products
One of the most famous specialty of the house is " Demel's Sachertorte" . The world-famous Sachertorte was invented by Franz Sacher, but completed only in its today known form by his son Eduard Sacher while training in Demel. After a 1938 out of court enclosed process occurred after the Second World War a till 1965 during dispute between Demel and the Sacher Hotel: The hotel insisted on its naming rights, Demel, however, could pointing out already since the invention of the "Original Sacher" called pie "having used the denomination". Demel had after the death of Anna Sacher in 1930, under defined conditions, the generation and distribution rights for "Eduard-Sacher-Torte" received. The dispute was settled in favor of the Hotel Sacher and the Demelsche cake is today, "Demel 's Sachertorte" and is still made by hand. While a layer of apricot jam under the chocolate icing and another in the center of the cake can be found in the "Original Sacher-Torte", is in "Demel 's Sachertorte " the layer in the middle omitted.
Besides the Sachertorte helped another specialty the pastry to world fame: the original gingerbread figures whose modeling came from the collection of Count Johann Nepomuk Graf Wilczek on Castle Kreuzenstein. Then there are the Demel cake (almond-orange mass with blackcurrant jam, marzipan and chocolate coating), Anna Torte, Dobos cake, cake trays, Russian Punch Cake, Esterházy cake, apple strudel and other confectionary specialties. Popular with many tourists are the candied violets with which Demel earlier supplied the imperial court and they allegedly have been the Lieblingsnaschereien (favorite candies) of Empress Elisabeth ("Sisi"). Rooms in the upper floors as the Pictures Room, Gold Room and the Silver rooms are rented for events. In addition to the pastry shop Demel operates, as it did at the time of the monarchy, a catering service, after the re-opening in 1996 as well as storage, shipping and packaging was desettled in the 22nd District of Vienna. Demel is also responsible for the catering at Niki Aviation.
Photo Copyright 2012, dynamo.photography.
All rights reserved, no use without license
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Hong kong)
Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory south to Mainland China and east to Macao in East Asia. With around 7.2 million Hong Kongers of various nationalities[note 2] in a territory of 1,104 km2, Hong Kong is the world's fourth most densely populated country or territory.
Hong Kong used to be a British colony with the perpetual cession of Hong Kong Island from the Qing Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and acquired a 99-year lease of the New Territories from 1898. Hong Kong was later occupied by Japan during the Second World War until British control resumed in 1945. The Sino-British Joint Declaration signed between the United Kingdom and China in 1984 paved way for the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong in 1997, when it became a special administrative region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China with a high degree of autonomy.[15]
Under the principle of "one country, two systems",[16][17] Hong Kong maintains a separate political and economic system from China. Except in military defence and foreign affairs, Hong Kong maintains its independent executive, legislative and judiciary powers.[18] In addition, Hong Kong develops relations directly with foreign states and international organisations in a broad range of "appropriate fields".[19] Hong Kong involves in international organizations, such as the WTO[20] and the APEC [21], actively and independently.
Hong Kong is one of the world's most significant financial centres, with the highest Financial Development Index score and consistently ranks as the world's most competitive and freest economic entity.[22][23] As the world's 8th largest trading entity,[24] its legal tender, the Hong Kong dollar, is the world's 13th most traded currency.[25] As the world's most visited city,[26][27] Hong Kong's tertiary sector dominated economy is characterised by competitive simple taxation and supported by its independent judiciary system.[28] Even with one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, it suffers from severe income inequality.[29]
Nicknamed "Pearl of the Orient", Hong Kong is renowned for its deep natural harbour, which boasts the world's fifth busiest port with ready access by cargo ships, and its impressive skyline, with the most skyscrapers in the world.[30][31] It has a very high Human Development Index ranking and the world's longest life expectancy.[32][33] Over 90% of the population makes use of well-developed public transportation.[34][35] Seasonal air pollution with origins from neighbouring industrial areas of Mainland China, which adopts loose emissions standards, has resulted in a high level of atmospheric particulates in winter.[36][37][38]
Contents
1 Etymology
2 History
2.1 Prehistory
2.2 Imperial China
2.3 British Crown Colony: 1842–1941
2.4 Japanese occupation: 1941–45
2.5 Resumption of British rule and industrialisation: 1945–97
2.6 Handover and Special Administrative Region status
3 Governance
3.1 Structure of government
3.2 Electoral and political reforms
3.3 Legal system and judiciary
3.4 Foreign relations
3.5 Human rights
3.6 Regions and districts
3.7 Military
4 Geography and climate
5 Economy
5.1 Financial centre
5.2 International trading
5.3 Tourism and expatriation
5.4 Policy
5.5 Infrastructure
6 Demographics
6.1 Languages
6.2 Religion
6.3 Personal income
6.4 Education
6.5 Health
7 Culture
7.1 Sports
7.2 Architecture
7.3 Cityscape
7.4 Symbols
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
10.1 Citations
10.2 Sources
11 Further reading
12 External links
Etymology
Hong Kong was officially recorded in the 1842 Treaty of Nanking to encompass the entirety of the island.[39]
The source of the romanised name "Hong Kong" is not known, but it is generally believed to be an early imprecise phonetic rendering of the pronunciation in spoken Cantonese 香港 (Cantonese Yale: Hēung Góng), which means "Fragrant Harbour" or "Incense Harbour".[13][14][40] Before 1842, the name referred to a small inlet—now Aberdeen Harbour (Chinese: 香港仔; Cantonese Yale: Hēunggóng jái), literally means "Little Hong Kong"—between Aberdeen Island and the southern coast of Hong Kong Island. Aberdeen was an initial point of contact between British sailors and local fishermen.[41]
Another theory is that the name would have been taken from Hong Kong's early inhabitants, the Tankas (水上人); it is equally probable that romanisation was done with a faithful execution of their speeches, i.e. hōng, not hēung in Cantonese.[42] Detailed and accurate romanisation systems for Cantonese were available and in use at the time.[43]
Fragrance may refer to the sweet taste of the harbour's fresh water estuarine influx of the Pearl River or to the incense from factories lining the coast of northern Kowloon. The incense was stored near Aberdeen Harbour for export before Hong Kong developed Victoria Harbour.[40]
The name had often been written as the single word Hongkong until the government adopted the current form in 1926.[44] Nevertheless, a number of century-old institutions still retain the single-word form, such as the Hongkong Post, Hongkong Electric and the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation.
As of 1997, its official name is the "Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China". This is the official title as mentioned in the Hong Kong Basic Law and the Hong Kong Government's website;[45] however, "Hong Kong Special Administrative Region" and "Hong Kong" are widely accepted.
Hong Kong has carried many nicknames. The most famous among those is the "Pearl of the Orient", which reflected the impressive nightscape of the city's light decorations on the skyscrapers along both sides of the Victoria Harbour. The territory is also known as "Asia's World City".
History
Main articles: History of Hong Kong and History of China
Prehistory
Main article: Prehistoric Hong Kong
Archaeological studies support human presence in the Chek Lap Kok area (now Hong Kong International Airport) from 35,000 to 39,000 years ago and on Sai Kung Peninsula from 6,000 years ago.[46][47][48]
Wong Tei Tung and Three Fathoms Cove are the earliest sites of human habitation in Hong Kong during the Paleolithic Period. It is believed that the Three Fathom Cove was a river-valley settlement and Wong Tei Tung was a lithic manufacturing site. Excavated Neolithic artefacts suggested cultural differences from the Longshan culture of northern China and settlement by the Che people, prior to the migration of the Baiyue to Hong Kong.[49][50] Eight petroglyphs, which dated to the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600 BC – 1066 BC) in China, were discovered on the surrounding islands.[51]
Imperial China
Main article: History of Hong Kong under Imperial China
In 214 BC, Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of a centralised China, conquered the Baiyue tribes in Jiaozhi (modern-day Liangguang region and Vietnam) and incorporated the area of Hong Kong into his imperial China for the first time. Hong Kong proper was assigned to the Nanhai commandery (modern-day Nanhai District), near the commandery's capital city Panyu.[52][53][54]
After a brief period of centralisation and collapse of the Qin dynasty, the area of Hong Kong was consolidated under the Kingdom of Nanyue, founded by general Zhao Tuo in 204 BC.[55] When Nanyue lost the Han-Nanyue War in 111 BC, Hong Kong came under the Jiaozhi commandery of the Han dynasty. Archaeological evidence indicates an increase of population and flourish of salt production. The Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb on the Kowloon Peninsula is believed to have been built as a burial site during the Han dynasty.[56]
From the Han dynasty to the early Tang dynasty, Hong Kong was a part of Bao'an County. In the Tang dynasty, modern-day Guangzhou (Canton) flourished as an international trading centre. In 736, the Emperor Xuanzong of Tang established a military stronghold in Tuen Mun to strengthen defence of the coastal area.[57] The nearby Lantau Island was a salt production centre and salt smuggler riots occasionally broke out against the government. In c. 1075, The first village school, Li Ying College, was established around 1075 AD in modern-day New Territories by the Northern Song dynasty.[58] During their war against the Mongols, the imperial court of Southern Song was briefly stationed at modern-day Kowloon City (the Sung Wong Toi site) before their ultimate defeat by the Mongols at the Battle of Yamen in 1279.[59] The Mongols then established their dynastic court and governed Hong Kong for 97 years.
From the mid-Tang dynasty to the early Ming dynasty (1368–1644), Hong Kong was a part of Dongguan County. During the Ming dynasty, the area was transferred to Xin'an County. The indigenous inhabitants at that time consisted of several ethnicities such as Punti, Hakka, Tanka and Hoklo.
European discovery
The earliest European visitor on record was Jorge Álvares, a Portuguese explorer, who arrived in 1513.[60][61] Having established a trading post in a site they called "Tamão" in Hong Kong waters, Portuguese merchants commenced with regular trading in southern China. Subsequent military clashes between China and Portugal, however, led to the expulsion of all Portuguese merchants from southern China.
Since the 14th century, the Ming court had enforced the maritime prohibition laws that strictly forbade all private maritime activities in order to prevent contact with foreigners by sea.[62] When the Manchu Qing dynasty took over China, Hong Kong was directly affected by the Great Clearance decree of the Kangxi Emperor, who ordered the evacuation of coastal areas of Guangdong from 1661 to 1669. Over 16,000 inhabitants of Xin'an County including those in Hong Kong were forced to migrate inland; only 1,648 of those who had evacuated subsequently returned.[63][64]
British Crown Colony: 1842–1941
A painter at work. John Thomson. Hong Kong, 1871. The Wellcome Collection, London
Main articles: British Hong Kong and History of Hong Kong (1800s–1930s)
In 1839, threats by the imperial court of Qing to sanction opium imports caused diplomatic friction with the British Empire. Tensions escalated into the First Opium War. The Qing admitted defeat when British forces captured Hong Kong Island on 20 January 1841. The island was initially ceded under the Convention of Chuenpi as part of a ceasefire agreement between Captain Charles Elliot and Governor Qishan. A dispute between high-ranking officials of both countries, however, led to the failure of the treaty's ratification. On 29 August 1842, Hong Kong Island was formally ceded in perpetuity to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the Treaty of Nanking.[65] The British officially established a Crown colony and founded the City of Victoria in the following year.[66]
The population of Hong Kong Island was 7,450 when the Union Flag raised over Possession Point on 26 January 1841. It mostly consisted of Tanka fishermen and Hakka charcoal burners, whose settlements scattered along several coastal hamlets. In the 1850s, a large number of Chinese immigrants crossed the then-free border to escape from the Taiping Rebellion. Other natural disasters, such as flooding, typhoons and famine in mainland China would play a role in establishing Hong Kong as a place for safe shelter.[67][68]
Further conflicts over the opium trade between Britain and Qing quickly escalated into the Second Opium War. Following the Anglo-French victory, the Crown Colony was expanded to include Kowloon Peninsula (south of Boundary Street) and Stonecutter's Island, both of which were ceded to the British in perpetuity under the Convention of Beijing in 1860.
In 1898, Britain obtained a 99-year lease from Qing under the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory, in which Hong Kong obtained a 99-year lease of Lantau Island, the area north of Boundary Street in Kowloon up to Shenzhen River and over 200 other outlying islands.[69][70][71]
Hong Kong soon became a major entrepôt thanks to its free port status, attracting new immigrants to settle from both China and Europe. The society, however, remained racially segregated and polarised under early British colonial policies. Despite the rise of a British-educated Chinese upper-class by the late-19th century, race laws such as the Peak Reservation Ordinance prevented ethnic Chinese in Hong Kong from acquiring houses in reserved areas such as Victoria Peak. At this time, the majority of the Chinese population in Hong Kong had no political representation in the British colonial government. The British governors did rely, however, on a small number of Chinese elites, including Sir Kai Ho and Robert Hotung, who served as ambassadors and mediators between the government and local population.
File:1937 Hong Kong VP8.webmPlay media
Hong Kong filmed in 1937
In 1904, the United Kingdom established the world's first border and immigration control; all residents of Hong Kong were given citizenship as Citizens of United Kingdom and Colonies (CUKC).
Hong Kong continued to experience modest growth during the first half of the 20th century. The University of Hong Kong was established in 1911 as the territory's first higher education institute. While there had been an exodus of 60,000 residents for fear of a German attack on the British colony during the First World War, Hong Kong remained unscathed. Its population increased from 530,000 in 1916 to 725,000 in 1925 and reached 1.6 million by 1941.[72]
In 1925, Cecil Clementi became the 17th Governor of Hong Kong. Fluent in Cantonese and without a need for translator, Clementi introduced the first ethnic Chinese, Shouson Chow, into the Executive Council as an unofficial member. Under Clementi's tenure, Kai Tak Airport entered operation as RAF Kai Tak and several aviation clubs. In 1937, the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out when the Japanese Empire expanded its territories from northeastern China into the mainland proper. To safeguard Hong Kong as a freeport, Governor Geoffry Northcote declared the Crown Colony as a neutral zone.
Japanese occupation: 1941–45
Main article: Japanese occupation of Hong Kong
The Cenotaph in Hong Kong commemorates those who died in service in the First World War and the Second World War.[73]
As part of its military campaign in Southeast Asia during Second World War, the Japanese army moved south from Guangzhou of mainland China and attacked Hong Kong in on 8 December 1941.[74] Crossing the border at Shenzhen River on 8 December, the Battle of Hong Kong lasted for 18 days when British and Canadian forces held onto Hong Kong Island. Unable to defend against intensifying Japanese air and land bombardments, they eventually surrendered control of Hong Kong on 25 December 1941. The Governor of Hong Kong was captured and taken as a prisoner of war. This day is regarded by the locals as "Black Christmas".[75]
During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, the Japanese army committed atrocities against civilians and POWs, such as the St. Stephen's College massacre. Local residents also suffered widespread food shortages, limited rationing and hyper-inflation arising from the forced exchange of currency from Hong Kong dollars to Japanese military banknotes. The initial ratio of 2:1 was gradually devalued to 4:1 and ownership of Hong Kong dollars was declared illegal and punishable by harsh torture. Due to starvation and forced deportation for slave labour to mainland China, the population of Hong Kong had dwindled from 1.6 million in 1941 to 600,000 in 1945, when the United Kingdom resumed control of the colony on 2 September 1945.[76]
Resumption of British rule and industrialisation: 1945–97
Main articles: British Hong Kong, 1950s in Hong Kong, 1960s in Hong Kong, 1970s in Hong Kong, 1980s in Hong Kong, and 1990s in Hong Kong
Flag of British Hong Kong from 1959 to 1997
Hong Kong's population recovered quickly after the war, as a wave of skilled migrants from the Republic of China moved in to seek refuge from the Chinese Civil War. When the Communist Party eventually took full control of mainland China in 1949, even more skilled migrants fled across the open border for fear of persecution.[69] Many newcomers, especially those who had been based in the major port cities of Shanghai and Guangzhou, established corporations and small- to medium-sized businesses and shifted their base operations to British Hong Kong.[69] The establishment of a socialist state in China (People's Republic of China) on 1 October 1949 caused the British colonial government to reconsider Hong Kong's open border to mainland China. In 1951, a boundary zone was demarked as a buffer zone against potential military attacks from communist China. Border posts along the north of Hong Kong began operation in 1953 to regulate the movement of people and goods into and out of the territory.
Stamp with portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, 1953
In the 1950s, Hong Kong became the first of the Four Asian Tiger economies under rapid industrialisation driven by textile exports, manufacturing industries and re-exports of goods to China. As the population grew, with labour costs remaining low, living standards began to rise steadily.[77] The construction of the Shek Kip Mei Estate in 1953 marked the beginning of the public housing estate programme to provide shelter for the less privileged and to cope with the influx of immigrants.
Under Sir Murray MacLehose, 25th Governor of Hong Kong (1971–82), a series of reforms improved the public services, environment, housing, welfare, education and infrastructure of Hong Kong. MacLehose was British Hong Kong's longest-serving governor and, by the end of his tenure, had become one of the most popular and well-known figures in the Crown Colony. MacLehose laid the foundation for Hong Kong to establish itself as a key global city in the 1980s and early 1990s.
A sky view of Hong Kong Island
An aerial view of the northern shore of Hong Kong Island in 1986
To resolve traffic congestion and to provide a more reliable means of crossing the Victoria Harbour, a rapid transit railway system (metro), the MTR, was planned from the 1970s onwards. The Island Line (Hong Kong Island), Kwun Tong Line (Kowloon Peninsula and East Kowloon) and Tsuen Wan Line (Kowloon and urban New Territories) opened in the early 1980s.[78]
In 1983, the Hong Kong dollar left its 16:1 peg with the Pound sterling and switched to the current US-HK Dollar peg. Hong Kong's competitiveness in manufacturing gradually declined due to rising labour and property costs, as well as new development in southern China under the Open Door Policy introduced in 1978 which opened up China to foreign business. Nevertheless, towards the early 1990s, Hong Kong had established itself as a global financial centre along with London and New York City, a regional hub for logistics and freight, one of the fastest-growing economies in Asia and the world's exemplar of Laissez-faire market policy.[79]
The Hong Kong question
In 1971, the Republic of China (Taiwan)'s permanent seat on the United Nations was transferred to the People's Republic of China (PRC), Hong Kong's status as a recognised colony became terminated in 1972 under the request of PRC. Facing the uncertain future of Hong Kong and expiry of land lease of New Territories beyond 1997, Governor MacLehose raised the question in the late 1970s.
The British Nationality Act 1981 reclassified Hong Kong into a British Dependent Territory amid the reorganisation of global territories of the British Empire. All residents of Hong Kong became British Dependent Territory Citizens (BDTC). Diplomatic negotiations began with China and eventually concluded with the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration. Both countries agreed to transfer Hong Kong's sovereignty to China on 1 July 1997, when Hong Kong would remain autonomous as a special administrative region and be able to retain its free-market economy, British common law through the Hong Kong Basic Law, independent representation in international organisations (e.g. WTO and WHO), treaty arrangements and policy-making except foreign diplomacy and military defence.
It stipulated that Hong Kong would retain its laws and be guaranteed a high degree of autonomy for at least 50 years after the transfer. The Hong Kong Basic Law, based on English law, would serve as the constitutional document after the transfer. It was ratified in 1990.[69] The expiry of the 1898 lease on the New Territories in 1997 created problems for business contracts, property leases and confidence among foreign investors.
Handover and Special Administrative Region status
Main articles: Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong and 2000s in Hong Kong
Transfer of sovereignty
Golden Bauhinia Square
On 1 July 1997, the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China took place, officially marking the end of Hong Kong's 156 years under British colonial governance. As the largest remaining colony of the United Kingdom, the loss of Hong Kong effectively represented the end of the British Empire. This transfer of sovereignty made Hong Kong the first special administrative region of China. Tung Chee-Hwa, a pro-Beijing business tycoon, was elected Hong Kong's first Chief Executive by a selected electorate of 800 in a televised programme.
Structure of government
Hong Kong's current structure of governance inherits from the British model of colonial administration set up in the 1850s. The 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration states that "Hong Kong should enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all areas except defence and foreign affairs" with reference to the underlying principle of one country, two systems.[note 3] This Declaration stipulates that Hong Kong maintains her capitalist economic system and guarantees the rights and freedoms of her people for at least 50 years after the 1997 handover. [note 4] Such guarantees are enshrined in the Hong Kong's Basic Law, the territory's constitutional document, which outlines the system of governance after 1997, albeit subject to interpretation by China's Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC).[95][96]
Hong Kong's most senior leader, Chief Executive, is elected by a committee of 1,200 selected members (600 in 1997) and nominally appointed by the Government of China. The primary pillars of government are the Executive Council, Legislative Council, civil service and Judiciary.
Policy-making is initially discussed in the Executive Council, presided by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong, before passing to the Legislative Council for bill adoption. The Executive Council consists of 30 official/unofficial members appointed by the Chief Executive and one member among them acts as the convenor.[97][98]
The Legislative Council, set up in 1843, debates policies and motions before voting to adopt or rejecting bills. It has 70 members (originally 60) and 40 (originally 30) among them are directly elected by universal suffrage; the other 30 members are "functional constituencies" (indirectly) elected by a smaller electorate of corporate bodies or representatives of stipulated economic sectors as defined by the government. The Legislative Council is chaired by a president who acts as the speaker.[99][100]
In 1997, seating of the Legislative Council (also public services and election franchises) of Hong Kong modelled on the British system: Urban Council (Hong Kong and Kowloon) and District Council (New Territories and Outlying Islands). In 1999, this system has been reformed into 18 directly elected District Offices across 5 Legislative Council constituencies: Hong Kong Island (East/West), Kowloon and New Territories (East/West); the remaining outlying islands are divided across the aforementioned regions.
Hong Kong's Civil Service, created by the British colonial government, is a politically neutral body that implements government policies and provides public services. Senior civil servants are appointed based on meritocracy. The territory's police, firefighting and customs forces, as well as clerical officers across various government departments, make up the civil service.[101][102]
The setup I used in my attempt to emulate Bruce Gilden - Ricoh 35 ZF & Metz 20 BC6 flash. By far the most expensive part of this was the Olympus TTL cable! (I think the Ricoh was £2 or £3 from a charity shop).
The Ricoh is a really good little 35mm film camera and a pleasure to use with a good positive feel to the shutter and the other (very few) controls.. The ZF is short for zone focus - very convenient for street photography (especially at night) - yet the camera is otherwise identical to the Ricoh 500G - the same sharp 40mm f2.8 lens, programmed auto exposure with manual override, up to 800 ISO film etc.
Photograph taken with a Nikon P7100, Nikon SB26 flash on manual, fired through a 24" translucent umbrella. Effectively my first serious attempt at still life with flash.
Oil palm fruits ready for processing. Lake Sentarum, West Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Photo by Tim Cronin/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
Nike-Hercules Missile, designation MIM-14 (initially SAM-N-25), was a solid fuel propelled surface-to-air missile, used by US and NATO armed forces for high- and medium-altitude air defense. It could also be employed in a surface-to-surface role.The Nike-Hercules system, a follow-up to the Nike-Ajax missile, was developed during the Cold War to destroy enemy bombers and enemy bomber formations, as well as serve as an anti-ballistic missile system. Western Electric, Bell Laboratories, and Douglas Aircraft Company were chief contractors for the system. Nuclear-armed Nike Hercules missiles were deployed in the United States, Greece, Italy, and Turkey, and with Belgian, Dutch, and U.S. forces in West Germany. Conventionally-armed Nike Hercules missiles also served in the United States, Germany, Denmark, Japan, Norway, and Taiwan.The first deployments in Europe began in 1959 and the last nuclear-armed Nike Hercules missiles in Europe were deactivated in 1988. The Nike-Hercules missile systems sold to Japan (Nike J) were subsequently upgraded the internal guidance systems by replacing the original vacuum tube systems with transistorized ones.The guidance and control area (Integrated Fire Control, IFC) was located a distance (about 1 mile) from the area from where the missile was launched (Launching Area, LA). The IFC had an acquisition radar to detect (enemy) aircraft. After detecting and identifying a hostile aircraft this aircraft was followed or tracked in elevation, azimuth and range by a Target Tracking Radar (TTR). An analog (later digital) computer computed a point in the sky where the missile and target should meet (intercept point). After the missile was launched by the Battery Control Officer (BCO) a Missile Tracking Radar (MTR) followed the missile and the computer constantly updated the intercept point even if the hostile aircraft performed evasive actions. Steering corrections were sent to the missile by the MTR. When the missile neared the intercept point a command signal was sent to the missile to explode. To measure the range to the target under jamming conditions the IFC also was equipped with a Target Ranging Radar (TRR).
Il MIM-14 Nike Hercules è un missile di fabbricazione statunitense per la difesa antiaerea. Prodotto a partire dagli anni cinquanta fu in dotazione a molte forze armate che aderivano alla NATO.
Il missile MIM-14 Nike Hercules, fece il suo ingresso nel 1958. Pesava circa 5 tonnellate, con 4 motori ausiliari molto simile al precedente sistema missilistico Ajax.Venne utilizzato anche tra le schiere dell'Aeronautica Militare Italiana, che equipaggiò 3 stormi, complessivamente 96 lanciatori, con il suddetto sistema terra-aria.Al giorno d'oggi i MIM-14, sono stati tutti radiati con cerimonia ufficiale.Originariamente il missile venne chiamato SAM-A-25 Nike Hercules, ma poi nelle varie vicissitudini che ebbero le designazioni americane di quel decennio, venne ribattezzato M6, e infine MIM-14. Nel 1958 esso entrò in servizio, rimpiazzando l'Ajax per le basi a difesa di New York, Chicago e Washington D.C..Il nuovo sistema missilistico era quindi stato progettato per essere un'arma formidabile. Esso aveva prestazioni per l'epoca eccezionali, soprattutto in termini di gittata e di quota, tanto che i bombardieri pilotati stratosferici, anche se supersonici, vennero messi in dubbio, e dopo l'avvento di questo sistema non avrebbero più avuto la stessa importanza di prima.La sua struttura, molto caratteristica, era aguzza e possente al tempo stesso, con un insieme di caratteristiche che lo rendevano unico tra i pur numerosi missili antiaerei dell'epoca. Esso era bistadio: il primo aveva ben 4 motori a razzo con propellenti solidi, riuniti in un complesso chiamato M42, studiato per ridurre la lunghezza del missile a valori accettabili, e realizzato con i motori di accelerazione (booster) M5E1. Esso era dotato anche di 4 ali cruciformi per la stabilizzazione. Questo complesso pesava da solo 2345 kg e dava quasi 80.000 kg di spinta per 3,4 secondi.Una volta finita la spinta, veniva sganciato per non appesantire inutilmente il corpo missile vero e proprio, di diametro minore, e che era dotato di una struttura a 'pallottola allungata', con 4 alette anteriori fisse, 4 grandi alette triangolari posteriori per la stabilità del volo ma anche con elevoni per il controllo della direzione e quota, sistemati nella parte finale.Anche la guida del missile era su comando radio. Non appare infatti che esso avesse nessun sistema di bordo per l'acquisizione semiautonoma o autonoma del bersaglio di tipo radar o IR, ma le alette anteriori erano utilizzate come antenne per ricevere i comandi radio da terra ,mentre esisteva un trasponder per dare la posizione del missile alla stazione radar.
Font : Wikipedia
Using the razor thin DOF of the 85mm f1.2L - this one at f2 to get just enough subject target in focus
Usé mis lentes de sol como filtro y este fue el resultado.
Foto-tour de Flickr Monterrey a los Cenotes en "Bio Ventura".
Aldama, Tamaulipas.
Used for engineering training at RAF Cosford, this Jaguar T2 was previously operated by the Empire Test Pilot School, hence the 'Raspberry Ripple' colour scheme.
Canon 7D
Sigma 10-20
We have used them every night since they arrived.
I love that they are all a little different,
So we can switch up!
My whole family LOVES them!!! I LOVE them!
Mammamissa!!!! Thank you again!!!
varanasi, india
1972
city life
street vendor
part of an archival project, featuring the photographs of nick dewolf
© the Nick DeWolf Foundation
Image-use requests are welcome via flickrmail or nickdewolfphotoarchive [at] gmail [dot] com
Please don't use this image on websites, blogs or other media without my explicit permission. My photos are © all rights reserved , i.e. I OWN THE COPYRIGHT on all the photographs displayed. They are all very low resolution for display purposes only
SO DO PLEASE NOT TAKE COPIES.. Please e-mail me if you would like to use these photos.
www.alienskin.com/exposure/exposure_examples.aspx
" The Derby Inn " 212 Ribbleton Lane : Preston PR1 5LD :
www.beerintheevening.com/pubs/report_comment.shtml?commen...
" great little pub, good atmosphere, cracking good landlord, deserves a drop inn at anytime "
Be a bit difficult now thanks to Nurse Ratched's Smoking Ban www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXvpqFLtyBU and greedy Pub Co's ?
www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=122054132821#!/group.php?g...
www.gmb.org.uk/newsroom/other_news/gmb_stands_up_to_pubco...
www.buyingapub.com/gmb-pub-revolution/
One " Cuddly Pub Co " en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_Inns
EXPOSURE 1/125th @ F18 36 mm ( 35 mm / FX ) 24 mm DX @ 400 ASA
It won a Industry Award in 1993 / 94 www.dyxum.com/lenses/detail.asp?IDLens=359
www.sigmauser.eu/content/view/51/67/
www.phototestcenter.com/html/sigma_18-35.html this must be a good one then ?
Thom Hogan said the ED Nikkor produced 7 years later was a bit better - OMG - I'm very shocked ! : - ) )
www.photodo.com/lens/Sigma-AF-1835-f3545-Aspherical-UC-427
old.photodo.com/art/Unde7.shtml Understanding their grading system
www.fixya.com/support/t32595-opinions_nikon_20mm_vs_sigma...
NIKON FIT THIRD PARTY LENS REVIEWS
www.nikonlinks.com/equipment_lenses_third-party.htm
SAMPLE PICS www.pbase.com/cameras/sigma/18_35_35_45_aspherical
Airship Italia was a semi-rigid airship used by Italian engineer Umberto Nobile in his second series of flights around the North Pole. It crashed in 1928, with one confirmed fatality from the crash, one fatality from exposure while awaiting rescue, and the disappearance (and presumed death) of six crew members who were trapped in the still-airborne envelope.
Italia was an N-class semi-rigid airship, designation N-4. In design it was almost identical to the N-1 Norge but slightly larger in gas capacity. Little is known of airship N-2. Airship N-3 was sold to Japan and became "Naval Airship No. 6". Nobile and some of his staff traveled to Japan in 1926 or 1927 to deliver this airship.[1] According to Italian sources, airship N-5 (which was larger and had three times the lifting capacity of N-1) was Nobile's preferred design for the Arctic expedition, but when funding was refused by the Italian government he built N-4 with the assistance of private backers and the City of Milan. In May 1928 the Italia set off for the Arctic Circle, stopping at a German airship hangar at Stolp, Pomerania, and the airship mast at Vadsø in Norway.
First flight: 1924
Length: 105.4 metres/347.8 feet
Diameter: 19.4 metres/63.9 feet
Gas capacity: 18,500 cubic metres/654,000 cubic feet
Performance: 112.3 km/h /70.2 mph
Payload: 9405 kg/20,900 LB
Power plant: 3 Maybach 560 kW/750 hp total
The Italia landed at Stolp in April 1928 before starting the polar flights. In this photograph Nobile is seen with his dog Titina.
At 01:15 on 15 April 1928, the Italia took off from its base at Milan for the Arctic. With 20 personnel on board, and a payload of 17,000 pounds of fuel and supplies, the journey to Stolp in Germany took 30 hours through a variety of bad weather conditions. Near Trieste a wind gust damaged one of the tail fins. Later in the Sudetes the ship faced severe hailstorms and narrowly escaped lightning strikes. On arrival at Stolp at 07:15 on 16 April 1928, inspection revealed hail damage to the propellers and envelope, and severe tail fin damage. All the ballast and most of the fuel had been used fighting the wind. Repairs took 10 days, and required parts and technicians to be sent from Italy.
Takeoff from Stolp was further delayed by bad weather, but at 03:28 on 3 May 1928, Italia set off for Norway. Eight hours later, escorted by Swedish naval planes, Italia passed over Stockholm. Crewmember Finn Malmgren spotted his house from the air and the ship descended to drop a letter to his mother. Bad weather forced the ship east over Finland, and they passed over Rovaniemi at 01:49 on 4 May. Italia reached the mooring mast at Vadsø later that day.
While the ship was moored without difficulty, blizzard conditions followed by heavy rain kept the crew in a state of constant anxiety and caused minor structural damage. As soon as weather permitted, Italia took off for Kings Bay at 20:34 on 5 May, and by 05:30 had passed the meteorological station on Bear Island, but ran into high winds shortly after, also suffering an engine failure. By 12:00 on 6 May the airship reached Ny-Ålesund (Kings Bay) and spotted their support ship. However, in a foretaste of events to come, Captain Romagna of the Città di Milano refused to release 50 men requested by Nobile to form a landing crew. The Norwegian authorities summoned 150 miners at short notice to help haul the ship down and walk her to the shed.
Nobile planned 5 flights for the expedition, each starting from and returning to Ny-Ålesund (Kings Bay) and exploring different areas of the Arctic.
After the necessary engine and structural repairs were completed, the first flight departed from Kings Bay on 11 May 1928. Italia was forced to turn back after only eight hours flight because of thick ice forming on the envelope, as well as fraying of the control cables due to the extreme conditions.
The second flight left at 13:20 on 15 May and lasted 60 hours. In contrast, this time the weather conditions were excellent and visibility perfect. Valuable meteorological, magnetic and geographic data were gathered in a 2,500 mile (4,000 km) flight to the hitherto uncharted Nicholas II Land and back. Malmgren gathered weather and ice observations, while Pontremoli and Běhounek made measurements of magnetic phenomena and radioactivity. The ship returned safely to base on the morning of 18 May.
The third flight started on 23 May 1928, and following a route along the Greenland coast, with the assistance of strong tailwinds, reached the North Pole 19 hours later at 00:24 on 24 May 1928. Nobile had prepared a winch, an inflatable raft, and survival packs (providentially as it turned out) with the intention of lowering some of the scientists onto the ice, but the wind made this impossible. Instead they circled the pole making observations and at 01:20 dropped the Italian and Milanese colours, as well as a wooden cross presented by the Pope and a religious medal from the citizens of Forlì onto the ice during a short ceremony. At 02:20 on 24 May, the Italia started back to base.
The same tail wind that had helped Italia to the Pole now impeded their progress. Nobile calculated the return journey would take 40 hours, and had discussed their options with Dr Malmgren in the hours before their arrival at the Pole. Nobile considered a trans-polar route to Mackenzie Bay in Canada. According to Nobile, Malmgren advised a return to Kings Bay, predicting lessening winds on their return trip. On the other hand, Malmgren predicted a head wind all the way if the Canadian route was attempted. No doubt the prospect of a forced landing in the Canadian wilderness was unpalatable to both men, as it would mean the end of the expedition.
Heading directly south on a heading for Kings Bay, after 24 hours of increasing head winds and thick mist the Italia was only halfway back to base. The airship struggled to gain ground and break through to the zone of calmer winds which expedition meteorologist Finn Malmgren predicted was just ahead. Ice formed on the propellers and shot off into the envelope, necessitating running repairs. Engine speed was increased but with little effect, except for a doubling of fuel consumption. Dr Běhounek, in charge of the compass, started reporting variations in course of up to 30 degrees, and the elevator man Cecioni had similar problems maintaining control. By 07:30 on 25 May, Nobile, who had been awake for over 48 hours, knew that the situation was critical and Giuseppe Biagi, the wireless operator, sent out the message: "If I don't answer, I have good reason". By dead reckoning, Nobile estimated his position as 250 miles (400 km) northeast from Moffen Island. This estimate was 350 miles (560 km) off.
At 9:25am on 25 May the first critical incident occurred, when the elevator control jammed in the downward position while the ship was travelling at less than 1000 feet (300 metres) altitude. All engines were stopped and the airship began to rise again after it had dropped to within 300 feet (90 metres) of the jagged ice pack. The airship was allowed to continue rising to 3000 feet (900 metres) and above the cloud layer into bright sunlight for 30 minutes. After two engines were restarted the ship descended to 1000 feet (300 metres) with no apparent ill effect, with the headwind appearing to decrease slightly allowing an airspeed of 30 mph. Malmgren took the helm with Zappi supervising him. Cecioni continued to operate the elevators.
At 10:25 the ship was noticed to be tail-heavy and falling at a rate of 2 feet per second (0.6 m/s). Nobile ordered full elevators and emergency power, but although the nose rose to an upward angle of 21 degrees, the descent continued. Nobile ordered foreman rigger Renato Alessandrini to the tail of the envelope to check the automatic gas valves. A short time later, seeing a crash was unavoidable, Nobile ordered full stop and the cutting of electrical power to prevent a fire on impact. The port engine engineer failed to notice the order and the ship began to bank. At the same time Nobile ordered Cecioni to dump the ballast chain, but was unable to carry out the order in time owing to the steep angle of the floor and the secure way the chain was lashed.
Seconds afterwards the airship's control cabin hit the jagged ice and smashed open. Suddenly relieved of the weight of the gondola, the envelope of the ship, with a gaping tear in the keel and part of one cabin wall still attached, began to rise again.
Nine survivors and one fatality were left on the ice, and six more crew were trapped in the still drifting airship envelope. The envelope and the crew members aboard it have never been found. The position of the crash was close to 81°14′N 28°14′E, about 120 km (75 mi) northeast of Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. The drifting sea ice later took the survivors towards Foyn and Broch islands
Causes of the crash
The causes of the crash remain controversial even today. The severe Arctic climate and decision to head back to base in the teeth of a worsening gale, rather than continue across the Pole to attempt a landing in Canada, was the main cause. This fact drove meteorologist Finn Malmgren to attempt suicide twice soon after the crash.
Another factor is the decision to let the airship rise above the cloud layer, causing heating and then expansion of the hydrogen, which triggered automatic valving of the gas. Once the engines were restarted, the ship dived through the cloud into freezing air again and, either because the automatic valves were jammed open, or because the ship had already lost too much gas above the clouds, it could no longer stay aloft.[1] Although Umberto Nobile was the victim of a smear campaign after the crash, one criticism of him, from the master airship pilot Hugo Eckener is perhaps justified — that Nobile should never have climbed above the cloud layer in the first place.
Another possibility is a rupture of one of the gas cells, although it is difficult to understand why this would not have been immediately noticed by any of the crew on duty. The most recent theory suggests that the outer shell of the airship was damaged during the pre-flight ice removal, when a group of men wearing ice cleats hacked at the airship with pickaxes.
In his book Dr. Eng. Felice Trojani, one of the airship engineers reported that in the years after crash, he examined 11 different possible causes in detail without coming to any real solution.
Cecioni was hurled out the ruptured cabin and into a mound of ice injuring both his legs. As he looked up he saw the envelope drifting above him, and Ciocca halfway out of the starboard engine car staring down in horror. Lago, Dr Pontremoli, and Alessandrini were also visible, in the torn opening where the companion way had been. Chief Engineer Ettore Arduino, with remarkable presence of mind, started throwing anything he could lay his hands on down to the men on the ice as he drifted slowly away with the envelope. These supplies, and the packs intended for the descent to the ice helped keep the survivors alive for their long ordeal on the ice. Arduino perished with the drifting airship envelope.
Troiani, at the engine control signals fared better, being hurled into soft snow and rolling before immediately jumping to his feet and cleaning the snow off his glasses, which had survived the crash unscathed. Viglieri and Mariano, standing next to the chart table, briefly saw the rear engine car about to strike the ice hard and then found themselves prostrate but unharmed in a mass of debris. Biagi, with no time to send out an SOS grabbed the portable emergency radio and wrapped his arms around it trying to save it from damage. The impact on the ice winded him but left him inside the wreck of the cabin. Nobile lay unconscious with a head wound, with Malmgren and Zappi nearby. Mariano, Běhounek, Trojani, and Viglieri were on their feet first and began to examine the others for injuries. Nobile gradually regained consciousness - he had a broken leg, right arm, and cracked rib in addition to the wound on his head. Cecioni had two badly broken legs. Malmgren had an injured shoulder (possibly broken or dislocated), and much later was suspected to have internal injuries to his kidney. Zappi had severe chest pains from suspected broken ribs. Almost immediately the survivors were buoyed by the discovery of a waterproof bag containing chocolate, pemmican, a Colt revolver, ammunition and a flaregun. Biagi's radio was intact and he began searching for material to construct a radio mast. Biagi soon discovered the rear engine car smashed on the ice, and the body of Pomella, who had apparently survived the impact and sat down on a block of ice, but died minutes afterwards from a head injury. Despite this shock Biagi erected an antenna and within a few hours began to send the first SOS from the stricken survivors. Nobile and Cecioni were placed together in a sleeping bag for warmth and spent the next few hours in semi-consciousness while the others gathered what they could from the wreck. According to Nobile, Malmgren, in pain, and suffering from guilt about his role in the crash announced he would drown himself and began walking away from the crash site, only stopping when sharply ordered to return by the General. Later the same day, Mariano had to disarm Malmgren after he started to walk away from the crash site with the loaded Colt revolver. Meanwhile, the uninjured men surveyed the ice pack, collecting supplies and chose a stable patch of ice to erect a 2.4 x 2.4 metre (8 ft x 8 ft) silk tent they recovered which was to be their only shelter during the coming ordeal.
The day after the crash was spent looking for more supplies amongst the wreckage. Navigational instruments and charts were recovered allowing the position of the crash site to be calculated. The quantity of rations per man was also calculated. This was a scant 300 grams (11 oz) of food per day, mainly pemmican and chocolate, calculated for a 25-day stay on the ice. Eventually 129 kg (284 pounds) of food were recovered extending this supply to 45 days. Finally the crowded tent was dyed red for improved visibility from the air, with dye marker bombs that had been aboard the airship. Biagi continued to signal for help with his radio; the survivors quickly became exasperated at the stream of mundane personal messages pouring out of the Citta di Milano interspersed with occasional messages for the Italia. After several days cold began to take its toll. The fliers had been equipped with many layers of woollen clothes and lambskin flight suits, but not all of them were fully dressed at the time of the crash and none had proper Arctic survival clothing. On 28 May land was sighted in the distance, breaking the despondency of the survivors. Discussions began as to whether the survivors should attempt a trek towards land and eventually it was decided that Malmgren, Zappi and Mariano should be sent to try to summon help. On 29 May Malmgren shot a polar bear which approached the crash site, augmenting the food supply with about 189 kg (400 pounds) of fresh meat.
Rescue effort
An international rescue effort followed, but was bedevilled by official apathy and political interference on the part of the Italians. Romagna, the commander of the base ship, seemed to be paralysed with indecision when the Italia went missing. Lengthy telegrams asking for instructions were sent to Rome, but there was no effort to move the ship closer to the presumed crash site or otherwise begin a search. The Citta di Milano was admittedly old and unsuited to the Arctic, but considering the season could easily have taken up station further north and west of Kings Bay without any danger to itself. No attempt was made to keep a radio watch, and Guglielmo Marconi, who monitored the messages from the base ship later said: "No wonder that on the Citta di Milano the SOS of the survivors could not be picked up by radio operators. They simply were not paying attention to her signals.”
Pedretti, the alternate radio operator left behind by the Italia; and Amedeo Nobile, Umberto's brother were the most concerned about the radio silence from the airship. Amedeo Nobile was the first to visit the Norwegian ship Hobby to try to get Norwegian help for a search. Word also reached Amundsen in Oslo, who immediately volunteered to start on a search mission. When the Norwegian government officially approached the Italian government proposing Amundsen as expedition leader, they were rebuffed and Lieutenant Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen was appointed instead. Almost every Arctic explorer of note offered assistance or money for the search, including the American Lincoln Ellsworth.
In Italy, Arturo Mercanti, former air force chief and friend of Nobile requested that air force planes be sent to the Arctic to begin a search. Repeatedly frustrated by official inaction he attempted to hire private aircraft himself and threatened to publicise the government's inaction in the international press. As a result, two sea planes were sent from Italy, a Dornier Wal piloted by Luigi Penzo and a state-of-the-art Savoia-Marchetti S.55 piloted by Ten. Col. Umberto Maddalena who was the first rescuer to spot the "Red Tent" survivors on 20 June. Mercanti himself went to Kings Bay where his frustration continued.
Cpt. Gennaro Sora (of the Italian Army Alpini ski detachment) did run a heroic over-ice sled attempt from the Città di Milano support ship, while Matteoda and Albertini of the SUCAI (the University Section of the Italian Alpine Club) did the same from the Italian-hired ship Braganza. Both attempts were made in the face of opposition (some sources state direct orders) from the base-ship commander, Romagna.
The lack of co-ordination meant that it took more than 49 days before all the crash survivors (and stranded would-be rescuers) were retrieved. Roald Amundsen was lost, presumed dead, flying to Spitsbergen in a French Latham sea plane piloted by René Guilbaud to take part in the operation. Two hundred thousand cheering Italians met Nobile and his crew on arrival in Rome on 31 July. This show of popularity was unexpected by Nobile's detractors, who had allegedly been seeding the foreign and domestic press with sensational accusations against him.
Chronology of the rescue operations:
25 May 1928 - The Italia crashes on the ice. Radio operator Biagi salvages radio, constructs a radio mast and begins transmitting SOS.
31 May - Survivors unable to establish radio contact because of weather conditions and negligence by base ship Città di Milano who fail to maintain radio watch and instead continue to send routine traffic. Malmgren, with Commanders Mariano and Zappi, begin a trek toward land.
3 June - A Soviet amateur radio operator Nikolai Schmidt in Vokhma village hears the Italia SOS signals.
5 June - A Norwegian pilot makes the first flight in search of the Italia. In the ensuing weeks, pilots from Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia and Italy make search and rescue flights.
8 June - Radio contact established between the ice floe and the Città di Milano. Search operations continue.
June 15/16 - Malmgren collapses from exposure on the ice and asks to be left behind. His body is never found.
18 June - Roald Amundsen and five others disappear on a flight to Spitsbergen to aid in rescue operations. Captain Sora of the Italian Alpine troops defies orders and sets off by sled with Arctic explorers Ludvig Varming and Sjef van Dongen to try to reach the crash zone.
20 June - Italian pilot Maddalena spots the survivors and drops supplies, many of which are smashed or useless.
22 June - Italian and Swedish pilots drop more supplies, this time successfully.
23 June - Swedish pilot Lundborg forcibly removes Nobile from the ice floe but crashes his plane on the return for more survivors and is trapped with the others. Rescue operations suspended pending arrival of suitable light aircraft capable of landing on the ice.
6 July Lundborg is picked up from the ice floe by his Swedish co-pilot Birger Schyberg in a light Cirrus Moth ski-biplane. Schyberg intends to rescue the other five persons as well, but changing ice conditions lead him to change his mind after having brought Lundborg to safety.
12 July - The Soviet icebreaker Krasin rescues Mariano and Zappi, who were located from Krasin's large aircraft the previous day. The five remaining Italia survivors are rescued by the ice-breaker later the same day.. Soviet pilot Boris Chukhnovsky and his four crew also rescued by the Krasin on its way back to Kings Bay. It had made an unsuccessful safety landing after seeing Zappi and Mariano.
14 July - Rescuers Sora and Van Dongen rescued from Foyn Island by Finnish and Swedish aircraft.
The evaporators used for refrigeration & air conditioning applications have different types of construction depending on the application.
©ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
These photographs are presented here for viewing purposes ONLY. They are NOT royalty free images and may not be used for commercial or private use. Any such use of these images is strictly prohibited. Specifically, these images may not be copied, manipulated, be reproduced by any other means nor sold without prior written consent by the author.
Used for Cover Photo of Royal Enfield GB 18 March 2017
Olympus E-PL7 Lumix PZ14-42
- see PL130021 for original shot
These are bubbles. I used a piece of glass to set them on. Then i set a speedlight under the glass for the pop and glow.
Hope your having a great weekend!
Following a competition, thirteen artists were selected to paint life-sized model horses, basing their design on the name of a 2000 Guineas winner.
The 13 horses, which have been painted by artists using the theme of Guineas winners, are part of the project Horse About Newmarket, an initiative organised by Newmarket Town Council and the brainchild of town councillor Joy Uney.
Sixteen smaller horses were painted by local schools, youth organisations and charities
The project has been sponsored by local businesses, Forest Heath District Council and Suffolk County Council with painting materials supplied by the art department of Newmarket store Tindalls.
They were on display at the racecourse the weekend of the QIPCO Guineas Festival.
After that they were moved to locations round the town where they will remain throughout the summer before they are sold to raise money for charity in a silent auction at Tattersalls, with 80% of the profits being shared between two local charities, Racing Welfare and St. Nicholas Hospice, the remainder going to the artists.
At a gala evening held at The Severals sports pavilion, the horses were judged and the winning three chosen. Top prize went to Emily Jarvis for her Interpreter, in second was Frances Wray with See The Stars and third was Esther Albone with Wizard.
Competition judges were Lloyd Hughes, art teacher at Scaltback Middle School, Lorna Peck, head of art at Newmarket College and Julia George, a trainee teacher at the college.
Full-Sized Horses
1 ‘Only For Life’ Jac Butt
2 ‘Sea The Stars’ Rachel Drury
3 ‘Atlantic’ Jacquie Jones
4 ‘Nectar’ Kevin Yarrow
5 ‘Cockney Rebel’ Chris Winch
6 ‘Ten Winners In Blue’ Jilly Cunningham
7 ‘Sea The Stars’ Stuart Roy
8 ‘Shadeed’ Kirsty Sharman
9 ‘Wizard’ Esther Albone
10 ‘Mystiko’ Stella Frangleton
11 ‘Sunstar’ Anne Ward
12 ‘See The Stars’ Frances Wray
13 ‘Interpreter’ Emily Jarvis
Small Horses:
All Saints CEVA Primary School
Ditton Lodge First School
Fairstead House School
Houldsworth Valley Community Primary School
Laureate Community Primary School
Moulton CEVC Primary School
Paddocks County Primary School
St Louis RC Primary School
St Felix CEVC Middle School
Scaltback Middle School
Newmarket College
Foley House Children’s Centre
Forest Heath District Council Play Rangers
Forest Heath District Council Youth Forum
Racing Welfare
St Nicholas Hospice
File name: 10_03_002128b
Binder label: Perfume/Hair Products
Title: The people's favorite, our mothers use Hall's Vegetable Sicilian Hair Renewer. [back]
Date issued: 1870 - 1900 (approximate)
Physical description: 1 print : chromolithograph ; 12 x 9 cm.
Genre: Advertising cards
Subject: Girls; Hair preparations; Patent medicines
Notes: Title from item.
Statement of responsibility: R. P. Hall & Co.
Collection: 19th Century American Trade Cards
Location: Boston Public Library, Print Department
Rights: No known restrictions.