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Using the BeagleBone Black PRU to drive an external r2r DAC with 2.5 MHz SSB modulated, PSK31 encoded data. A user space process generates the I/Q signals and writes the final mixed output to the PRU shared memory, which then clocks the waveform out to the DAC. fldigi has no trouble receiving the signal, in this case a hardcoded CQ from NY3U. More info: trmm.net/Soft_SSB
Instruments used:
Ludwig concert toms - 10, 12, 13, 14-inch.
Yamaha 20-inch kick drum
Yamaha 14-inch floor tom
Yamaha 6.5x14-inch snare drum
Bison 6.5x14-inch snare drum
Zildjian 14-inch "New Beat" hi-hat
Zildjian 18-inch "A" crash cymbal
Zildjian 20-inch ride cymbal
Latin Percussion ES-5 Salsa Timbale cowbell
Latin Percussion ES-2 Cha-Cha Salsa cowbell
Latin Percussion 5-3/4-inch cowbell
Latin Percussion 1205 Jam Block
Finger cymbals
not pictured: Grover Pro 8-inch triangle
Using a long lens sort of isolates subjects from their surroundings and can give a lovely blend of colour .
The Chapel Royal
A beautiful chapel in continuous use for over 450 years. Everyone is welcome to attend religious services in The Chapel Royal at Hampton Court Palace.
Sumptuous Ceiling and Important Historic Site
Outstandingly rich, colorful and layered with history, the chapel’s ceiling is the grand culmination of the Tudor interiors at Hampton Court.
Kings and queens used the private pew which looks down upon the main body of the chapel.
It was here in the chapel, in 1540, that Archbishop Cranmer handed Henry VIII a letter outlining various accusations against the King’s young new wife, Catherine Howard.
She was accused of unchaste behavior before her marriage. Henry VIII had been besotted with his young wife, which is why he turned against her all the more viciously. She was executed at the Tower of London soon afterwards.
Henry VIII’s Crown, an accurate replica of the crown worn by Henry VIII, is on display in the Royal Pew of the Chapel Royal where Henry himself would have sat wearing it.
Her Majesty’s Chapel
“Her Majesty provides this beautiful place of worship and its establishment of a Chaplain, a full-time Choir, and a Verger, for all who may wish to attend its services or visit it.”
—Denis Mulliner, Canon of The Chapel Royal
Hampton Court’s royal chapel remains in active use today. In fact, it has been in continuous use ever since Thomas Wolsey built it almost 500 years ago. It was Cardinal Wolsey who had the Chapel extended to its current size. Henry VIII installed the magnificent vaulted ceiling here in 1535. There are clear signs that the ceiling was built by a Tudor monarch. The red and white rose of the house of Tudor as well as Margaret Beaufort’s portcullis—which Henry had chosen to take over after his grandmother’s death—have been carved out at the very top of the walls.
The East end of the chapel once contained a great double window filled with stained glass: Henry VIII’s patron saint—Saint Henry the Emperor—was joined by Saint Catherine, Saint Thomas Becket and Saint Anne. The royal family itself is also featured—Henry VIII, his wife Catherine of Aragon, and Cardinal Thomas Wolsey are kneeling in prayer. It was originally created for Wolsey by Erhard Schön of Nürnberg but he fell from favor before he could enjoy it. The glass was destroyed in the Commonwealth and the window eventually bricked up. It is now completely hidden by the large oak reredos carved by Grinling Gibbons for Queen Anne in the early 1700s. The monarch and his family would sit in the Royal Pew above the rest of the congregation.
The Chapel at Hampton Court Palace witnessed many important events during the Tudor time. Among other things, it was here that Archbishop Cranmer secretly handed Henry VIII a letter containing all the details of Katherine Howard’s affairs. Prince Edward was baptized here shortly after his birth in 1537.
A History of the Chapel Royal
One feature of Wolsey’s house, distinguishing it from the houses of other courtiers, was the Chapel and the grand procession route to it. In a king’s or cardinal’s household, the stately procession from his own chambers to Chapel to hear mass on feast days was an important ritual. Passing along the gallery, accompanied by his officers, the king or grandee could see and be seen by the throngs of courtiers and visitors. At Hampton Court, Wolsey constructed a magnificent double-height chapel, with an estoppel window at its east end filled with stained glass. Remains of this great double window survive behind Queen Anne’s eighteenth-century reredos, which dominates the east end of the chapel today. The stained-glass windows, designed by Erhard Schön from Nuremberg, included figures of a king and queen praying. Wolsey’s Chapel choir was excellent, so fine that in 1519, Henry VIII insisted that some of its members transferred to the King’s own singers; the choristers who still practice in the chapel today are their successors.
It is possible to work out that the Royal lodgings, Wolsey’s own lodgings, and the Chapel were built in one campaign because they share similar bricks. The soft red brick of Wolsey’s building was enhanced by patterns in “diaper-work”. Diamond -shaped designs picked out in black or over burnt bricks. This subtle decoration once covered most of the Palace, although later repairs have erased or spoiled much of it. However, on the external east wall of the chapel, one patch of what appears to be diaper-work survives in good condition because it has been sheltered from the elements by later buildings constructed against it. Here, the builders tried to deceive the eye by continuing the diaper pattern in black paint rather than by using actual blackened bricks.
On feast or holy days, the King would hear mass from the Holyday Closet, a room overlooking the Chapel. On other days, he was often keen to leave the palace early to reach the hunting field and would hear mass at seven o’clock in his Privy Closet within his own lodgings, sometimes reading state papers throughout the service. On feast-days, the Kingwood process in a stately manner to the Chapel, as Wolsey had done, along what is today known as the Haunted Gallery. The most important procession took place at Epiphany, the 12th day of Christmas, for which Henry would wear his crown and ropes. By 1535, the Holyday Closet and Chapel itself were now far superior to the simpler structure that Wolsey had built.
The Chapel, Henry’s last great building project at the Palace, was begun in 1535. The most important change was the addition of the fantastical ceiling, which still survives. The designer was probably William Clement, and its virtuosity clearly demonstrates his qualifications for his next task, which was to create another new Palace for Henry not far from Hampton Court: the largely wooden structure of Nonsuch. Although little remains Nonsuch Palace today, we can imagine its complexity and flamboyance from Hampton Court’s Chapel ceiling. Like the great Hall roof, the ceiling has many decorative flourishes on trusses, vaults, and pendants decorated with angels blasting their trumpets. The craftsman John Hethe and Henry Blankston added color and gilding.
At the same time, the Royal Pew was refitted to create the Holyday Closets at the west end of the chapel. Previously, there had been one large room for the King’s use; now two were created, with a painted screen incorporating stained-glass separating the King’s private pew from the Queen’s. Here it was that Henry first received the fateful news of Catherine Howard’s adultery. Henry VIII married his sixth and last wife in the Queen’s Closet. Catherine Parr was a good mother to Henry’s three children; she outlived her husband.
In 1643, the Parliamentarian forces seized Hampton Court. Motivated by the radical Puritanism that sought to strip the church of its frivolous trappings, they removed all the fine fittings from the Chapel: “the Altar was taken down … the Rails pulled down, the steps leveled; and the Popish pictures and superstitious Images that were in the glass windows were also demolished”. Only the elaborate ceiling remained above a white-painted room for preaching, with twelve long hard forms laid out for the congregation.
The greatest impact the Queen Anne had upon the fabric of the Palace was in the remodeling of the Chapel Royal is a firm upholder of the Anglican feet and royal tradition, she maintained a full complement of chapel musicians. As a sick woman who did not care for the elaborate etiquette of the Bedchamber, she saw her daily attendance at Chapel as her main opportunity to make a public appearance. In 1710, Sir Christopher Wren and Nicholas Hawksmoor successfully presented schemes for remodeling the body of the Chapel; these included a grand timber reredos at the east end with a painted scene by Sir James Thornhill above, the removal of the Tudor window tracery and the addition of paneling, box pews, an organ, and new sanctuary fittings. The Tudor windows were replaced with large casement windows. A trompe l’œil window painted by Thornhill on the south wall of the chapel, next to the organ, preserves the appearance of the eighteenth-century windows. A staircase was added leading down from the Royal Pew, where Thornhill also painted the central ceiling with a playful scene of cherubs in the heavens holding aloft a crown and a sword. The work was completed in 1712.
In the Grace and Favor Period, there was continuing rancor over the seating arrangements with the Chapel Royal. Seating for the worshipers was strictly by rank and social standing, policed by the resident housekeeper. There was sometimes unseemly behavior when elderly ladies tried to pull rank over their neighbors or over the visitors who tried to come into the Chapel. The problem seating had become so urgent that in 1866, the architect Anthony Salvin reordered the pews and added a block of box pews in the center. Even with these enhancements, the disputes continued, until the Lord Chamberlain decreed that no longer were those attending services in the Chapel to sit by rank.
Queen Anne’s casement windows were replaced with copies of the original Tudor windows in 1894.
During the Grace and Favor Period, famous Antarctic explorer Sir Robert falcon Scott was married in the Chapel Royal in 1908; his bride, Kathleen Bruce, a famous sculptor in her own right, was living in the grace-and-favor apartment at the time with her aunt, Mrs. Zoë Thomson.
Under the supervision of Edward Jesse, Itinerant Deputy Surveyor in the Office of Woods, Forests and Land Revenues, the ceiling of the Chapel Royal was repainted in its original rich blue coloring and gilded with gold stars. (The ceiling had been painted white in the reign of Queen Anne.) The design was further enhanced with mottos.
In the 1920s, the roof of the Chapel Royal was found to be in a decayed and dangerous state. Here new structural supports were introduced to bear the weight of the Tudor timber ceiling.
The Cloister
The cloister outside the main doors of the Chapel Royal has remained much as it was in Cardinal Wolsey’s time. He had the present Chapel built on the site of the thirteenth century chapel of the Knights Hospitaller of St. John of Jerusalem. The traces of a doorway opposite the entrance to the Chapel suggest that there was access at one time to the courtyard on the west side. Wolsey’s Chapel was taken over as a Chapel Royal with the Palace by King Henry VIII, and has been much altered since the sixteenth century, but its dimensions are still those of the Chapel which Wolsey built. The coats-of-arms flanking the doors of the Chapel Royal contain the heraldic achievements of King Henry VIII and his third Queen, Jane Seymour. The supporters are angels, and it has been suggested because of their religious subject that they may have belonged to Wolsey’s coat-of-arms; but it is more likely that they were integral to the Royal Arms of King Henry VIII and his Queen.
I could get used to this Vacation Bible School. #nofilter
7 Likes on Instagram
2 Comments on Instagram:
heyhildie: My husband is convinced that VBS will try to indoctrinate our kids with all sorts of ideas about the Trinity and baptism by sprinkling. I'm like "so what! It's five mornings a week and costs $20! They can worship Vishnu for all I care!"
seagullfountain: Totally, @heyhildie. My kids are singing terrible songs like "I'm hooked, hooked on Jesus!" And memorizing John 3:16; it's a scandal! (But of course since it's California it costs $50. Still a steal.)
1940's era buildings used for building munitions for the military. Seen in the Savanna Army Depot, near Savanna, Illinois. Just a few of the numerous warehouse buildings, most connected by rail, in this (mostly) abandoned facility. A number of these buildings are being used by commercial enterprises for storage.
Savanna Army Depot was a 13,062-acre (52.86 km2) installation, located on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River, in Carroll and Jo Daviess counties, around seven miles (11 km) north of Savanna, Illinois. It was opened in 1917 as a proving and testing facility for weapons developed at Rock Island Arsenal. In 1921 it became a weapons depot. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) listed the depot as a Superfund site in 1989.[1] The depot was selected for closure through the Base Realignment and Closure process in July 1995 and was officially closed on March 18, 2000. The Jo-Carroll Local Redevelopment Authority (LRA) was established to redevelop a portion of the property for commercial and business usage referred to as the Savanna Depot Park. On September 26, 2003, the United States Department of Defense agreed to transfer 9,404 acres (38.06 km2) of land to become the Lost Mound Unit of the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge. 3,022 acres (12.23 km2) were initially transferred with the rest to be transferred following environmental cleanup. The portion near Lock and Dam No. 12 was transferred to the United States Army Corps of Engineers and a small part to the Illinois Department of Natural Resources.
Windows & Tester Notes
•A window tells me I don't have permission to save notepad to desktop but it saves anyway.
•I like pin to taskbar.
•When I unplug and go outside my home network disappears. I was able to connect to the net. The network stayed when I came back in and unplugged.
•I don't notice a mail. Windows mail or outlook express.
•I'll install 2003 soon.
•I'm glad I can drag files to a folder and they Move like xp used to. I want a move feature.
•Could not load easy media transfer on xp pro machine
•Adobe flash player 9 debugger comes up in mozilla even though I have installed flash PLAYER 10
•I had problems installing an ati 650 made for windows 7 beta software. Uninstall was just as bad.
•I like the video preview box!
•I can't get the ati TV 650 wonder to load from the software disc or from the ati site using a windows 7 friendly download.
•It looks like you didn’t get the message about playing gifs.
•1/28/2009 5:11:15 AM
•Moving @ 50 gb from networked xp pro external hd to windows 7 LT
•69 processes, cpu usage %68, physical memory %51 5 apps open including mozilla with 3 tabs open to my webpage plus two fox web pages which are heavy with video and pics. Firefox at 224,00kpss
•Memory is at 1.93 gb
•1/29/2009 4:43:51 AM I have tried three or four times to open the control panel and get a runtime error. I want to uninstall a program. The control panel view opened but was blank. I had to use the drop down to select.
•Odd behavior tonight. I loaded some movie files from my Sony. Adobe premiere pro didn’t see them so I loaded adobe elements 2.0. It didn’t see them. I tried to rename the ext to .mpg they wouldn’t rename. I tried to use a bulk rename utility but it didn’t see the files… Twighlite zone. I see the files and the media player plays them. I want to cut them but do not understand.
•I started having problems with the forward button on the photo nedia viwer roday.
•1/30/2009 4:10:50 PM
•I like the thumbnail images on the desktop
•2/3/2009 6:57:56 PM
•OK it has to be a windows 7 thing with mo 2003 because I received both of these at the same time watching THE DESKTOP AND THE LAPTOP (LAPTOP HAS WINDOWS 7) . THE DESKTOP, xp pro, WAS FINE. THE LAPTOP RECEIVED GARBAGE. But I am wondering why Bella can send me the same thing and it was OK on Laptop when yours wasn't. So it is not you.
•2/4/2009 6:47:30 AM
•Pop up says ie8 not supported.
•I still haven’t found how to sort by name the icons in the quick launch area.
•I need base system deveice drivers’
•When moving files on a network from xp pro to windows 7 the move starts but often ends in can’t move thumbnail error.
•I like the way 7 easily synched with my moto q however I have trouble turning motoq into a modem.
•I have difficulty opening multiple folders at the same time
•IE comes up but then just disappears, firefox works.
•I can't get to advanced edit in mo 2003 windows 7. erroror h.
•windows 7 bogged dowen deleting duplicate files with dupe locator.
•2/8/2009 1:58:16 AM
•trying to update a techsmith camtasia I get switch to box. Finding the browser didin't help.
•When I try to use camtasia to record a power point presentation I can’t check the record from what speaker hears box.
•Ie won’t stay op[en. It opens then closes.
•Ie7 would not install. Windows said not nsupported
•Won’t work with google chrome.
•Shaneksmith1957@gmail.com
•2/9/2009 7:00:59 AM
•Sound recorder threw up multiple windows telling me it didn’t have enough temp memory to record. I have @ 200gb free on drive.
•2/17/2009 1:11:46 PM
•An infrared driver update came my way via windows beata notification. However the page disappeared and I can’t get it back. It lead me to a blank web page. I managed to save a pdf of the page with hot links but the links go nowhere. There was no explanatioin as to what the driver fixes.
•Shaneksmith1957@gmail.com
•I managed to downlload the cir driver from the hotlink.
•I am looking for 3 base system drivers
•Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
•2/28/2009 1:25:37 AM
•I like the desktop random change selection
•3/8/2009 3:48:36 AM
•7 has a problem with video programs. i tried importing an avi video from a networked pc using camtasia and she crapped out on me...AGAIN!!
•shaneksmith1957@gmail.com
•3/16/2009 9:09:52 AM
•windows 7 won't let total recorder record sounds heard from speaker only. This is useful when trying to record screen shots with internal sound from a website.
•shaneksmith1957@gmail.com
•Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
•3/17/2009 9:17:25 AM
It’s a sugar coated version of XP that conflicts with my video editing programs. Microsoft has made it harder to move files with no “move” feature. They have taken away the windows picture viewer and gif images don’t work without extra software.
The switch to box wouldn't let me switch mto moizilla on a download for an upgrade to snagit.
shaneksmith1957@gmail.c
4/5/2009 12:19:52 AM
7 crashed while saving a word project and going to open a photo.
shaneksmith1957@gmail.com
4/9/2009 6:17:34 PM
Windows 7 does not like my logitech webcam.
4/18/2009 1:47:39 AM
4/19/2009 9:46:20 PM
7 can feel me closing it down. it crashed as i copy program files so I can downgrade to vista.
shaneksmith1957@gmail.com
Installing windows 7 signature edition on 32 bit and 64 bit. I had to wipe the 32 bit because 7 wouldn’t recognize windows 7 RC. Install of fresh 7 took About 40 minutes. From Vista 64 bit 7 copied and saved programs and data of @ 400gb on my lt and @ 80 programs in @ five hours! That was nice!
10/10/2009 9:39:53 PM
Wipe 7 32 bit because of ati problem. Starting re install
To ready desktop:
10/10/2009 10:08:59 PM
A wipe did not fix the ati glitch on a reinstall.
Windows 7 changed back to windows 7 basic color scheme and the tuner came back on. I had just plugged the tuner into Laptop 2 64bit vista and ati 650 worked. Then all of a sudden the tuner started working again on my 7 lt. Weird coincidence.
10/14/2009 4:21:42 AM
Uninistalling Roxio and using a windows basic or Aero theme in Display settings then re-installing the 650 program over the existing install made the 650 work for me again. I dare not mess with Windows TV tuner!
For those with simple need that don’t need a TV tuner I sugest Windows 7 Ultimate. For those willing to troubleshoot your ATI tuner I also suggest Windows 7 Ultimate!
10/14/2009 11:23:51 PM
A windows 7 update today caused the ati not to work again. It plays but is slow.
10/17/2009 5:16:59 AM
I had to reverrify my activation key on the 32 bit.
I can only network 2 machines that are both on 7.
10/17/2009 10:12:32 PM
A clean uninstall of the 650 then re-install AFTER re-installing roxio fixed it so far.It’s working with roxio now. Roxio’s TV tuner and the ati tuner are working. If you put in ati first before Roxio then Roxio won’t let you install ati.
Hp 7350 photo printer won’t work with hp laptop 64bit and 7 desktop 32bit. No compatible drivers I have found so far have helped.
I can’t figure out how to sort icons in Quick launch with 7.
A team of astronomers used NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope to survey the starburst galaxy Messier 82 (M82), which is located 12 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. M82 hosts a frenzy of star formation, sprouting new stars 10 times faster than the Milky Way galaxy. Webb’s infrared capabilities enabled scientists to peer through curtains of dust and gas that have historically obscured the star formation process.
This image from Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) instrument shows M82’s center in an unprecedented level of detail. With Webb’s resolution, astronomers can distinguish small, bright compact sources that are either individual stars or star clusters. Obtaining an accurate count of the stars and clusters that compose M82’s center can help astronomers understand the different phases of star formation and the timelines for each stage.
Read more: science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-probes-an-extre...
Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Alberto Bolatto (UMD)
I drive by this lot a few times each week. Finally decided to stop and photograph it for a bit of fun.
Years ago, it was a dine-in Pizza Hut location that our little league teams would visit after a win. Sadly it was one of the locations that fell by the wayside when a delivery store opened in Munhall.
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HDR using a Canon 7D and Tokina 11-16mm F2.8 lens. AEB +/-3 total of 7 exposures at F8. Processed with Photomatix.
High-dynamic-range imaging (HDRI) is a high dynamic range (HDR) technique used in imaging and photography to reproduce a greater dynamic range of luminosity than is possible with standard digital imaging or photographic techniques. The aim is to present a similar range of luminance to that experienced through the human visual system. The human eye, through adaptation of the iris and other methods, adjusts constantly to adapt to a broad range of luminance present in the environment. The brain continuously interprets this information so that a viewer can see in a wide range of light conditions.
HDR images can represent a greater range of luminance levels than can be achieved using more 'traditional' methods, such as many real-world scenes containing very bright, direct sunlight to extreme shade, or very faint nebulae. This is often achieved by capturing and then combining several different, narrower range, exposures of the same subject matter. Non-HDR cameras take photographs with a limited exposure range, referred to as LDR, resulting in the loss of detail in highlights or shadows.
The two primary types of HDR images are computer renderings and images resulting from merging multiple low-dynamic-range (LDR) or standard-dynamic-range (SDR) photographs. HDR images can also be acquired using special image sensors, such as an oversampled binary image sensor.
Due to the limitations of printing and display contrast, the extended luminosity range of an HDR image has to be compressed to be made visible. The method of rendering an HDR image to a standard monitor or printing device is called tone mapping. This method reduces the overall contrast of an HDR image to facilitate display on devices or printouts with lower dynamic range, and can be applied to produce images with preserved local contrast (or exaggerated for artistic effect).
In photography, dynamic range is measured in exposure value (EV) differences (known as stops). An increase of one EV, or 'one stop', represents a doubling of the amount of light. Conversely, a decrease of one EV represents a halving of the amount of light. Therefore, revealing detail in the darkest of shadows requires high exposures, while preserving detail in very bright situations requires very low exposures. Most cameras cannot provide this range of exposure values within a single exposure, due to their low dynamic range. High-dynamic-range photographs are generally achieved by capturing multiple standard-exposure images, often using exposure bracketing, and then later merging them into a single HDR image, usually within a photo manipulation program). Digital images are often encoded in a camera's raw image format, because 8-bit JPEG encoding does not offer a wide enough range of values to allow fine transitions (and regarding HDR, later introduces undesirable effects due to lossy compression).
Any camera that allows manual exposure control can make images for HDR work, although one equipped with auto exposure bracketing (AEB) is far better suited. Images from film cameras are less suitable as they often must first be digitized, so that they can later be processed using software HDR methods.
In most imaging devices, the degree of exposure to light applied to the active element (be it film or CCD) can be altered in one of two ways: by either increasing/decreasing the size of the aperture or by increasing/decreasing the time of each exposure. Exposure variation in an HDR set is only done by altering the exposure time and not the aperture size; this is because altering the aperture size also affects the depth of field and so the resultant multiple images would be quite different, preventing their final combination into a single HDR image.
An important limitation for HDR photography is that any movement between successive images will impede or prevent success in combining them afterwards. Also, as one must create several images (often three or five and sometimes more) to obtain the desired luminance range, such a full 'set' of images takes extra time. HDR photographers have developed calculation methods and techniques to partially overcome these problems, but the use of a sturdy tripod is, at least, advised.
Some cameras have an auto exposure bracketing (AEB) feature with a far greater dynamic range than others, from the 3 EV of the Canon EOS 40D, to the 18 EV of the Canon EOS-1D Mark II. As the popularity of this imaging method grows, several camera manufactures are now offering built-in HDR features. For example, the Pentax K-7 DSLR has an HDR mode that captures an HDR image and outputs (only) a tone mapped JPEG file. The Canon PowerShot G12, Canon PowerShot S95 and Canon PowerShot S100 offer similar features in a smaller format.. Nikon's approach is called 'Active D-Lighting' which applies exposure compensation and tone mapping to the image as it comes from the sensor, with the accent being on retaing a realistic effect . Some smartphones provide HDR modes, and most mobile platforms have apps that provide HDR picture taking.
Camera characteristics such as gamma curves, sensor resolution, noise, photometric calibration and color calibration affect resulting high-dynamic-range images.
Color film negatives and slides consist of multiple film layers that respond to light differently. As a consequence, transparent originals (especially positive slides) feature a very high dynamic range
Tone mapping
Tone mapping reduces the dynamic range, or contrast ratio, of an entire image while retaining localized contrast. Although it is a distinct operation, tone mapping is often applied to HDRI files by the same software package.
Several software applications are available on the PC, Mac and Linux platforms for producing HDR files and tone mapped images. Notable titles include
Adobe Photoshop
Aurora HDR
Dynamic Photo HDR
HDR Efex Pro
HDR PhotoStudio
Luminance HDR
MagicRaw
Oloneo PhotoEngine
Photomatix Pro
PTGui
Information stored in high-dynamic-range images typically corresponds to the physical values of luminance or radiance that can be observed in the real world. This is different from traditional digital images, which represent colors as they should appear on a monitor or a paper print. Therefore, HDR image formats are often called scene-referred, in contrast to traditional digital images, which are device-referred or output-referred. Furthermore, traditional images are usually encoded for the human visual system (maximizing the visual information stored in the fixed number of bits), which is usually called gamma encoding or gamma correction. The values stored for HDR images are often gamma compressed (power law) or logarithmically encoded, or floating-point linear values, since fixed-point linear encodings are increasingly inefficient over higher dynamic ranges.
HDR images often don't use fixed ranges per color channel—other than traditional images—to represent many more colors over a much wider dynamic range. For that purpose, they don't use integer values to represent the single color channels (e.g., 0-255 in an 8 bit per pixel interval for red, green and blue) but instead use a floating point representation. Common are 16-bit (half precision) or 32-bit floating point numbers to represent HDR pixels. However, when the appropriate transfer function is used, HDR pixels for some applications can be represented with a color depth that has as few as 10–12 bits for luminance and 8 bits for chrominance without introducing any visible quantization artifacts.
History of HDR photography
The idea of using several exposures to adequately reproduce a too-extreme range of luminance was pioneered as early as the 1850s by Gustave Le Gray to render seascapes showing both the sky and the sea. Such rendering was impossible at the time using standard methods, as the luminosity range was too extreme. Le Gray used one negative for the sky, and another one with a longer exposure for the sea, and combined the two into one picture in positive.
Mid 20th century
Manual tone mapping was accomplished by dodging and burning – selectively increasing or decreasing the exposure of regions of the photograph to yield better tonality reproduction. This was effective because the dynamic range of the negative is significantly higher than would be available on the finished positive paper print when that is exposed via the negative in a uniform manner. An excellent example is the photograph Schweitzer at the Lamp by W. Eugene Smith, from his 1954 photo essay A Man of Mercy on Dr. Albert Schweitzer and his humanitarian work in French Equatorial Africa. The image took 5 days to reproduce the tonal range of the scene, which ranges from a bright lamp (relative to the scene) to a dark shadow.
Ansel Adams elevated dodging and burning to an art form. Many of his famous prints were manipulated in the darkroom with these two methods. Adams wrote a comprehensive book on producing prints called The Print, which prominently features dodging and burning, in the context of his Zone System.
With the advent of color photography, tone mapping in the darkroom was no longer possible due to the specific timing needed during the developing process of color film. Photographers looked to film manufacturers to design new film stocks with improved response, or continued to shoot in black and white to use tone mapping methods.
Color film capable of directly recording high-dynamic-range images was developed by Charles Wyckoff and EG&G "in the course of a contract with the Department of the Air Force". This XR film had three emulsion layers, an upper layer having an ASA speed rating of 400, a middle layer with an intermediate rating, and a lower layer with an ASA rating of 0.004. The film was processed in a manner similar to color films, and each layer produced a different color. The dynamic range of this extended range film has been estimated as 1:108. It has been used to photograph nuclear explosions, for astronomical photography, for spectrographic research, and for medical imaging. Wyckoff's detailed pictures of nuclear explosions appeared on the cover of Life magazine in the mid-1950s.
Late 20th century
Georges Cornuéjols and licensees of his patents (Brdi, Hymatom) introduced the principle of HDR video image, in 1986, by interposing a matricial LCD screen in front of the camera's image sensor, increasing the sensors dynamic by five stops. The concept of neighborhood tone mapping was applied to video cameras by a group from the Technion in Israel led by Dr. Oliver Hilsenrath and Prof. Y.Y.Zeevi who filed for a patent on this concept in 1988.
In February and April 1990, Georges Cornuéjols introduced the first real-time HDR camera that combined two images captured by a sensor3435 or simultaneously3637 by two sensors of the camera. This process is known as bracketing used for a video stream.
In 1991, the first commercial video camera was introduced that performed real-time capturing of multiple images with different exposures, and producing an HDR video image, by Hymatom, licensee of Georges Cornuéjols.
Also in 1991, Georges Cornuéjols introduced the HDR+ image principle by non-linear accumulation of images to increase the sensitivity of the camera: for low-light environments, several successive images are accumulated, thus increasing the signal to noise ratio.
In 1993, another commercial medical camera producing an HDR video image, by the Technion.
Modern HDR imaging uses a completely different approach, based on making a high-dynamic-range luminance or light map using only global image operations (across the entire image), and then tone mapping the result. Global HDR was first introduced in 19931 resulting in a mathematical theory of differently exposed pictures of the same subject matter that was published in 1995 by Steve Mann and Rosalind Picard.
On October 28, 1998, Ben Sarao created one of the first nighttime HDR+G (High Dynamic Range + Graphic image)of STS-95 on the launch pad at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. It consisted of four film images of the shuttle at night that were digitally composited with additional digital graphic elements. The image was first exhibited at NASA Headquarters Great Hall, Washington DC in 1999 and then published in Hasselblad Forum, Issue 3 1993, Volume 35 ISSN 0282-5449.
The advent of consumer digital cameras produced a new demand for HDR imaging to improve the light response of digital camera sensors, which had a much smaller dynamic range than film. Steve Mann developed and patented the global-HDR method for producing digital images having extended dynamic range at the MIT Media Laboratory. Mann's method involved a two-step procedure: (1) generate one floating point image array by global-only image operations (operations that affect all pixels identically, without regard to their local neighborhoods); and then (2) convert this image array, using local neighborhood processing (tone-remapping, etc.), into an HDR image. The image array generated by the first step of Mann's process is called a lightspace image, lightspace picture, or radiance map. Another benefit of global-HDR imaging is that it provides access to the intermediate light or radiance map, which has been used for computer vision, and other image processing operations.
21st century
In 2005, Adobe Systems introduced several new features in Photoshop CS2 including Merge to HDR, 32 bit floating point image support, and HDR tone mapping.
On June 30, 2016, Microsoft added support for the digital compositing of HDR images to Windows 10 using the Universal Windows Platform.
HDR sensors
Modern CMOS image sensors can often capture a high dynamic range from a single exposure. The wide dynamic range of the captured image is non-linearly compressed into a smaller dynamic range electronic representation. However, with proper processing, the information from a single exposure can be used to create an HDR image.
Such HDR imaging is used in extreme dynamic range applications like welding or automotive work. Some other cameras designed for use in security applications can automatically provide two or more images for each frame, with changing exposure. For example, a sensor for 30fps video will give out 60fps with the odd frames at a short exposure time and the even frames at a longer exposure time. Some of the sensor may even combine the two images on-chip so that a wider dynamic range without in-pixel compression is directly available to the user for display or processing.
Using pencil, ruler, square and marking gauge, mirror the polygonal outlines from the left to the right half of the car. Use the square and the marking gauge to locate the corners, then connect the corners with straight lines.
Accuracy is important at this step. The final shape of the car will be no more symmetrical than the layout lines drawn onto the block now. Keep your pencil sharp and draw thin lines.
I'll definitely use my camera instead of the flash on my phone this winter !!
My camera takes really good pics in the "dark", I won't try to explain how I took my pic last year during winter but when I come back from school, it's already too dark, so I have to use a flash, the one on my phone sucks but I used it last year but I just discovered after 5 years that the one on my camera is pretty good, shame on me I know XD
Anyways, here are my 3 Geek Shriek ghouls after a good bath, I also boiled Howleen & Frankie to make their hair look better, which is what happened lol and also I added some accessories to make them look less cheap :p
I added Deuce original belt to my Howleen, Spectra Picture Day's pants to Abbey and Frankie original belt and Wydowna I<3F pants to Frankie ^^
I really love them like that, I don't know for you ^^
I wasn't a big big fan of that line when I first see and heard about it but actually the dolls are really good, and look beautiful and with some more accessories they definitely look better :D
Have you heard about the rumor of Geek Shriek wave 2? With Ghoulia, Gigi & Catty ? I really hope it's true, I wanna see a Catty with glasses haha :p
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Reportages “Éducation et Politiques“ www.flickr.com/photos/sebastienduhamel/collections/721576...
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Manifestations des 10 et 11 janvier 2015 en France
Les manifestations des 10 et 11 janvier 2015, également appelées « marches républicaines », sont un ensemble de rassemblements qui se déroulent sur le territoire français en réaction aux attentats djihadistes des 7, 8 et 9 janvier 2015 - dont les principaux sont l'attaque contre la rédaction du journal Charlie Hebdo et la prise d'otages dans un supermarché qui ont coûté la vie à dix-sept personnes. À la suite du retentissement considérable de ces événements, aussi bien en France qu'à l'étranger, quarante-quatre dirigeants de divers pays participent au cortège parisien du 11 janvier 2015, tandis qu'au moins 265 villes françaises dénombrent au moins 1 000 personnes à leur manifestation, selon un décompte du journal Le Monde.
Le nombre total de manifestants à travers la France est estimé par le ministère de l'Intérieur à plus de 4 millions sur les deux journées, dont plus de 1,5 million le dimanche 11 janvier à Paris, ce qui en fait le plus important rassemblement de l'histoire moderne du pays. Parallèlement, de nombreuses manifestations et rassemblements de soutien ont eu lieu dans le monde, avec en particulier 30 000 manifestants à Montréal.
fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifestations_des_10_et_11_janvier...
fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attentat_contre_Charlie_Hebdo
fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Hebdo
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Le chef de l'Etat s'est immédiatement rendu au siège de Charlie Hebdo après la fusillade ayant fait au moins 11 morts. Il a déclaré que cette attaque était "sans aucun doute" d'ordre terroriste et que les auteurs de cet acte seront "pourchassés aussi longtemps que nécessaire" www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4_5dUK71M4
François Hollande s’est adressé aux Français ce mercredi 7 janvier pour exprimer ses condoléances aux proches des victimes de l’attentat contre Charlie Hebdo et manifester son soutien au peuple français dans cette épreuve difficile. Il a annoncé une journée de deuil national pour le 8 janvier ainsi que la mise en berne des drapeaux nationaux pendant trois jours. Un moment de recueillement aura lieu à 12h dans tous les services publics du pays. www.youtube.com/watch?v=Upk3_1Tb6VY
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Attentat à Charlie Hebdo : transmission vidéo en temps réel www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmMYRS6PwSM
Envoyé spécial - «Charlie Hebdo» www.youtube.com/watch?v=GWXuYTCERbg
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Mediapart www.mediapart.fr
fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediapart
Avec Charlie Hebdo, contre la haine, pour la liberté www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzp4Mni-QCM
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Michel Onfray michelonfray.com
fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Onfray
Michel Onfray, Charlie Hebdo, l'Islam et la France - www.youtube.com/watch?v=HVHqbm_RuIY
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Michel Collon fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Collon
Investig'Action www.investigaction.net/fr
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Thierry Meyssan www.voltairenet.org/
fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry_Meyssan
Thierry Meyssan Attentat Charlie Hebdo www.youtube.com/watch?v=JbUvbh5ko3o
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Photographie de Sébastien Duhamel, professionnel de l’image
www.sebastien-duhamel.com/présentation-références/
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There's always an outtake I can distract you with. No matter how far back I might have to go, I've got plenty. lol
Let me tell you about my week since I havent been very sociable. Well it was a week. I had another midterm so I was busy studying and making sure I did good. I also forgot books at home (that I needed to study for said midterm) It was just kind of blah.
I feel like I'm in a general state of tired stress. It's kind of lame. I need to fix that.
Exciting things about the weekend: I have atleast two shoots this weekend I'm getting paid for. 1 is for a couple families. A total of 14, which is kind of frightening. I'm nervous about the whole situation. haha. Hopefully it will go well.
The other shoot is for two college students who need headshots and some fun couple-y pictures,
I'll let you guys see some if anything turns out and it's cool with the peeps.
Thats about all. Life is status quo for now. which I suppose I should be thankful for.
Hope all is well with each of you guys!
:D
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The date and history of this Crewe, Virginia building is unknown, although I’d guess it’s in the first decade of the 20th century. The metal front by Mesker Bros., a firm which specialized in supplying galvanized and cast iron items for commercial structures. In this instance, the front seems superimposed on a wood frame, and it’s definitely in need of upkeep, considering the evident chipping and flaking. Today the building houses a hair styling business, and it’s quite noticeable with its red and white color scheme.
The entrance is recessed with large display windows to each side, both on a brick foundation. A wooden entrance to the second level is on the left. Pilasters are on the corners of the front façade and extend upward to the roof. On the second story of the front, there are 6 additional pilasters, providing bays for the windows. All eight verticals are alike in shape and design except for the corner pilasters. They are decorated with white rosette squares and are topped with Corinthian capitals. The windows are 2/2 sash and very plain with no sills or lintels and all in a simple molding of painted red wood. Above the unadorned windows is a course of raised red decorations, resembling red dots; above this brackets extend down from the roof, still keeping the 3-bay motif. Each bay has a recessed undecorated narrow panel. Above this is a band of metal, filled with stamped rosettes. Cresting the building is a galvanized iron pediment with the name of the firm—A. B. Nicholas. It seems as if several areas are void of the metal façade design, intentionally or otherwise; the gaps in ornamentation seem significant to me. For additional information on Mesker Bros., four catalogs are located at archive.org
archive.org/details/Geo.L.MeskerCo.ArchitecturalIronWorks... [circa 1900]
archive.org/details/MeskerAndBro.Twenty-thirdEditionGener... [c 1900]
archive.org/details/storefrontsoursp00geol [1904]
archive.org/details/MeskerBro.MetalStore-frontCatalog [after 1904]
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New Delhi, India. March 2011. Karim piles his used books elegantly on the sidewalk in Nehru Place, one of New Delhi's largest shopping centers. Karim is actually an artist who will show you his work in a nearby gallery if you are interested. At his sidewalk book stall, sales seem secondary to artistic or metaphysical conversations.
Almost everything is for sale somewhere in Nehru Place, but the plazas have a reputation for cut-rate media and clothing. Nehru Place's buildings house big brand storefronts for computers and electronics, as well as countless shops offering supplies and repairs. On the balconies there is more variety in quieter stores, including high-end clothing and fabric boutiques. But the plazas are filled with open-air vendors offering huge discounts on DVDs, software, wallets, shoes, pants, you name it. Some of the best showman vendors work here.
Very convenient Metro station.