Sterculiaceae (cacao family) » Theobroma cacao

thee-OH-broh-muh or thee-oh-BROH-muh -- meaning, food of the Gods

kah-KAY-oh -- possibly from Nahuatl (Aztec language) cacahuatl, the name for the fruit

commonly known as: cacao, chocolate, cocoa • Aztec: cacahualt • Burmese: kokoe • Chinese: 可可樹 ke ke shu • Danish: kakaotræ • Dutch: cacaoboom • Finnish: kaakao, kaakaopuu • French: cacao, cacaotier, cacaoyer • German: kakaobaum, kakaopflanze • Greek: Kακαόδενδρο • Indonesian: coklat • Italian: albero del cacao • Japanese: カカオ kakao • Khmer: kakaaw • Malay: pokok coklat • Malayalam: കൊക്കോ kokkoo • Norwegian: kakaotre • Polish: kakaowiec • Portuguese, in Brazil: árvore-da-vida, cacau-da-mata, cacaueiro • Portuguese: árbore de cacao, cacau, cacauí, cupuaçu da mata, cupuí • Russian: Какао, Шоколадное дерево shokoladnoe derevo • Sinhala: maikona gaha • Spanish: cacao, cacaoeiro, cacaotero, cacaueira, cacaueiro, cacauzeiro • Swedish: kakao • Tamil: கக்கவோ kakkavo • Thai: โคโค่ kho kho, โกโก้ ko ko • Vietnamese: ca cao

Native to: tropical Americas

References: Wikipedia • M.M.P.N.D. • World Agroforestry Centre

Leguminosae or Fabaceae s. l. (legume, pea, or bean family) » Mucuna pruriens

myoo-KOO-nuh -- from the Brazilian name for these vines

pruriens -- from Latin prurient, pruriens, present participle of prurire to itch

commonly known as: bengal bean, buffalo bean, cowach, cowage, cow itch, cowhage, hell fire bean, itchweed, itchy bean, Mauritius bean, nescafe, purple jade vine, sea bean, velvet bean, wild itchy bean • Bengali: আলকুশি alakusi • Hindi: जाङ्गली jangali, जड़ा jara, कवांच kavanch. केवांच kevanch, किवांच kivanch, konch • Kannada: ನಸುಗುನ್ನಿ nasugunni • Malayalam: നായ്ക്കുരണ naikkuran • Marathi: कवचकुइरी kavachkuiri, कवचकुइली kavachkuili, कवसकुइरी kavaskuiri, कवसकुइली kavaskuili, खाजरीकुइरी khazrikuiri, खाजरीकुइली khazrikuili • Sanskrit: आत्मगुप्ता atmagupta, कण्डूरा kandura, कपिकच्छ् kapikachu • Tamil: பூனைக்காலி punaikkali • Telugu: దూలగొండి dulagondi, కండూష్పల kanduspala, కపికచ్ఛూః kapikacchuh, pilliadugu • Urdu: جانگلي jangali, جڙا jara

Native to: Africa, India

References: Flowers of India • TopTropicals • Dave's Garden • M.M.P.N.D.

Moraceae (mulberry family) » Ficus racemosa

FY-kus or FIK-us -- from the Latin for fig

ray-see-MO-suh -- in racemes (a type of flower cluster)

commonly known as: cluster fig, country fig, crattock, gular fig, redwood fig • Bengali: উদুম্বর udumbara • Gujarati: ગૂલર goolar, ઉંબરૉ umbaro • Hindi: डूमर dumar, धर्म पत्र dharma patra, गूलर goolar, जन्तु फल jantu phal, पाणि भुज pani bhuj, पुष्पहिना pushp-hina, उदुम्बर udumbara, ऊमरि umari, यज्ञडुम्बुर yajnyadumbur • Kannada: ಅತ್ತಿ ಮರ atti mara • Konkani: ऋम्बड rhumbad • Malayalam: അത്തി aththi • Manipuri: হৈবোঙ heibong • Marathi: उदुंबर udumbar, उंबर umbar • Nepalese: दुम्री dumrii • Oriya: dimri • Pali: उदुंबर udumbar • Sanskrit: औदुम्बर audumbara, ब्रह्मन्वृक्षः brahanvrkisha, गूलर gular, हेमदुग्धकः hemadugdhaka, जन्तुकाफलः jantukaphalah, जन्तुफलः jantuphalah, जन्तुमती jantumati, कृमिफलः krmiphalah, मशकिन् mashakin, सदाफलः sadaphalah, सौम्य saumya, शीतवल्कः shitavalkah, सुतः sutah, उडुम्बर udumbara, वसुद्रुमः vasudrumah, यज्ञयोगः yajnayoga, यज्ञियः yagniyah • Tamil: ஆனை anai, அத்தி atti, மலையின்முனிவன் malaiyin munivan, உதும்பரம் utumparam • Telugu: అత్తి atti, బొడ్డ bodda, బ్రహ్మమామిడి brahmamamidi • Urdu: ڐومر dumar

Native to: south-east Asia

References: Flowers of India • TopTropicals • Dave's Garden • M.M.P.N.D.

Cucurbitaceae (pumpkin, or gourd family) » Trichosanthes cucumerina

try-kos-ANTH-us -- from the Greek trichos (hairy) and anthos (flowers)

koo-KOO-may-ree-nuh -- meaning, related to cucumber - from the Greek kykyon

commonly known as: wild snake gourd • Hindi: जंगली चिचोण्डा jangli chichonda, कड़वा परवर kadva parvar, pudel • Kannada: paduvalakaayi • Malayalam: padavalanga • Marathi: जंगली पडवल jungli padwal, कडू पडवळ kadu padwal, पडोळ padol • Sanskrit: पटोल patola • Tamil: காட்டுப்பேய்ப்புடல் kattuppeypputal • Telugu: అడవిపొట్ల adavipotla, potlakaaya

References: Flowers of India • Wikipedia • multilingual multiscript plant name database

Flacourtiaceae (coffee plum family) » Flacourtia indica

flak-KOOR-tee-uh -- named for Etienne de Flacourt, director of the Fr. East India Company

IN-dih-kuh or in-DEE-kuh -- of or from India

commonly known as: batoka plum, flacourtia, governor’s plum, Indian plum, Madagascar plum, Mauritius plum, Rhodesia plum • Hindi: बिलाङ्गड़ा bilangada • Konkani: बाभुळी तांबट babhuli tambat • Malayalam: കരിമുള്ളി karimulli • Marathi: अठरुन athruna, तांबूट tambut • Sanskrit: श्रृववृक्ष shruvavrikksha • Tamil: சொத்தைக்களா cottai-k-kala • Telugu: నక్కనేరేడు nakka-neredu

Native to: tropical Africa, southern Africa, Madagascar, tropical Asia; naturalized elsewhere

References: World Agroforestry Centre • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • ENVIS - FRLHT

Brassicaceae (mustard, or cabbage family) » Raphanus sativus

RAF-an-us -- quickly appears

sa-TEE-vus -- cultivated

commonly known as: radish • Bengali: মুলো mulo • Gujarati: મૂળો mulo • Hindi: मौली mauli, मूलक mulak, मूली muli • Kannada: ಮೋಲಮ್ಗಿ molamgi, ಮೂಲಮ್ಗಿ mulamgi, ಮುಲ್ಲಮ್ಗಿ mullamgi • Kashmiri: मुजू muju • Konkani: मूळो mulo • Malayalam: മൂലാഭം molabham, മുള്ളങ്കി mullaanki, പാടീരം patiram • Marathi: मुळा mula • Sanskrit: मूलक mulaka, मूलिका mulika • Tamil: முள்ளங்கி mullanki • Telugu: ముల్లంగి mullangi • Urdu: فجل fujul

Native to: Eurasia (origin obscure); cultivated widely in south Asia

References: Flowers of India • PIER • Wikipedia • Floridata • PFAF • M.M.P.N.D.

Arecaceae (palm family) » Borassus flabellifer

bor-RAS-us -- from the Greek borassos, referring to the date palm's flower spike

fla-BEL-lif-er -- fan-bearing, referring to the leaf

commonly known as: African fan palm, borassus palm, doub palm, great fan palm, lontar palm, palmyra palm, ron palm, tala palm, tal-palm, toddy palm, wine palm • Bengali: তাল taala • Gujarati: તાડ taad • Hindi: ताड़ taada, ताल tala, त्रृणराज trinaraaj • Kannada: ಓಲೆಗರಿ olegari, ತಾಳೆಗರಿ taalegari, ತಾಟಿನಿಮ್ಗು taatinimgu • Konkani: इरोळ eroal • Malayalam: കരിമ്പന karimpana • Marathi: ताड taada • Sanskrit: महातः mahatah, तलः or तालः talah, तन्तुनिर्यासः tantuniyosah, तृणम्केतुः tranam-ketuh, तृणम्राजः tranam-raj, तृणम् इन्द्रः trnam-indrah• Tamil: பனை panai • Telugu: తాటి చెట్టు tatichettu • Urdu: تاڙ taad

Native to: tropical Asia

References: Flowers of India • Wikipedia • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • DDSA

Arecaceae (palm family) » Borassus flabellifer

bor-RAS-us -- from the Greek borassos, referring to the date palm's flower spike

fla-BEL-lif-er -- fan-bearing

commonly known as: African fan palm, borassus palm, doub palm, great fan palm, lontar palm, palmyra palm, ron palm, tala palm, tal-palm, toddy palm, wine palm • Bengali: তাল taala • Gujarati: તાડ taad • Hindi: ताड़ taada, ताल tala, त्रृणराज trinaraaj • Kannada: ಓಲೆಗರಿ olegari, ತಾಳೆಗರಿ taalegari, ತಾಟಿನಿಮ್ಗು taatinimgu • Konkani: इरोळ eroal • Malayalam: കരിമ്പന karimpana • Marathi: ताड taada • Sanskrit: महातः mahatah, तलः or तालः talah, तन्तुनिर्यासः tantuniyosah, तृणम्केतुः tranam-ketuh, तृणम्राजः tranam-raj, तृणम् इन्द्रः trnam-indrah• Tamil: பனை panai • Telugu: తాటి చెట్టు tatichettu • Urdu: تاڙ taad

Native to: tropical Asia

References: Flowers of India • Wikipedia • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • DDSA

Euphorbiaceae (castor, euphorbia, or spurge family) » Mallotus philippensis

mal-LOH-tus -- meaning fleecy, referring to the seed capsule

fil-lip-EN-sis -- of or from the Philippines; also spelled philippinensis

commonly known as: dyer's rottlera, kamala dye tree, monkey face tree, orange kamala, red kamala, scarlet croton • Bengali: কমলা kamala • Hindi: कामला kamala, रैनी raini, रोहन rohan, रोहिनी rohini, सिन्धुरी sinduri • Kannada: ಕುಮ್ಕುಮದ ಮರ kunkuma-damara • Malayalam: ചെങ്കൊല്ലി cenkolli, കുങ്കുമപ്പൂമരം kunkumappuumaram, കുരങ്ങുമഞ്ഞശ് kurangumanjas, നാവട്ട naavatta, നൂറിമരം nuurimaram • Marathi: केशरी kesari, शेंदरी shendri • Sanskrit: काम्पिल्यक kampilyaka • Tamil: கபிலப்பொடி kapila poti, குரங்குமஞ்சணாறி kuranku-mañcanari • Telugu: కుంకుమ చెట్టు kunkuma-chettu

Native to: China, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Australia

... leaves articulated, alternate, rusty-tomentose, ovate or rhombic ovate.

... inflorescences terminal or axillary racemes ... male flowers in terminal and axillary, solitary or fascicled paniculates spikes, each flower with numerous stamens, small ... female flowers in spikes or slender racemes, each flower with a stellate-hairy with 3 papillose stigmas.

References: M.M.P.N.D. • World Agroforestry Centre • Forest Flora of Andhra Pradesh

Apocynaceae (dogbane family) » Holarrhena pubescens

ho-lar-REN-uh -- unsure of pronunciation, refers to its prolific flowering trait

pew-BES-senz or pub-ess-ens -- meaning, downy or short haired

commonly known as: bitter oleander, cavessi bark, common holarrhena, coneru, conessi bark, dysentery rose bay, easter tree, ivory tree, kurchi bark, Tellicherry bark, white angel • Assamese: dhulkari, dudkhuri • Bengali: kurchi, কুটজ kutaja • Chinese: 止泻木属 zhi xie mu • Gujarati: drowda, kudakari • Hindi: कडवा इंद्रजव karva indrajau, kurchi, कुटज kutaja • Japanese: セイロンライティア • Kannada: koodsaloo, korchie • Konkani: कुडॉ kudo • Malayalam: കുടകപ്പാല kutakappaala • Marathi: इंद्रजव indrajav, kodaga, kodaga pala, कुटज kutaja, पांढरा कुडा pandhra kuda • Nepalese: bhaate khiro, इंद्रजौउ indrajau, kevat, kurcii, madise khirro • Oriya: kherwa, korwa, kurwa, pitakorwa • Punjabi: keor, kewar • Sanskrit: इंद्रयव indrayava, कुटज kutaja, sakraparyaaya, sakraasana, vatsaka • Tamil: கிரிமல்லிகை kirimllikai, குடசப்பாலை kutaca-p-palai, மலைமல்லிகை mlaimllikai • Telugu: గిరిమల్లిక girimallika, కొడిసెపాల kodisepala, కుటజము kutajamu

Native to: tropical areas of Africa and Asia

... large deciduous shrub 3-4 m, occasionally a small tree gaining 9-12 m in height ... bark pale, grayish.

... leaves, 9-18 cm long and 4-8 cm broad, broadly ovate to elliptic ... flowers in terminal corymbs cymes, white and slightly fragrant.

... fruit pod, 20-40 cm long, in pairs, cylindrical and narrow.

References: M.M.P.N.D. • Flowers of Sahyadri • बहर

Apocynaceae (dogbane family) » Holarrhena pubescens

ho-lar-REN-uh -- unsure of pronunciation, refers to its prolific flowering trait

pew-BES-senz or pub-ess-ens -- meaning, downy or short haired

commonly known as: bitter oleander, cavessi bark, common holarrhena, coneru, conessi bark, dysentery rose bay, easter tree, ivory tree, kurchi bark, Tellicherry bark, white angel • Assamese: dhulkari, dudkhuri • Bengali: kurchi, কুটজ kutaja • Gujarati: drowda, kudakari • Hindi: कडवा इंद्रजव karva indrajau, kurchi, कुटज kutaja • Kannada: koodsaloo, korchie • Konkani: कुडॉ kudo • Malayalam: കുടകപ്പാല kutakappaala • Marathi: इंद्रजव indrajav, kodaga, kodaga pala, कुटज kutaja, पांढरा कुडा pandhra kuda • Oriya: kherwa, korwa, kurwa, pitakorwa • Punjabi: keor, kewar • Sanskrit: इंद्रयव indrayava, कुटज kutaja, sakraparyaaya, sakraasana, vatsaka • Tamil: கிரிமல்லிகை kirimllikai, குடசப்பாலை kutaca-p-palai, மலைமல்லிகை mlaimllikai • Telugu: గిరిమల్లిక girimallika, కొడిసెపాల kodisepala, కోలముక్కు kolamukku, కొండమల్లె kondamalle, కుటజము kutajamu

Native to: tropical areas of Africa and Asia

... rather a large shrub, usually 1-3 m ... it resembles a small tree when it grows 4-6 m and in rare cases as much as 9-12 m.

References: M.M.P.N.D. • Flowers of Sahyadri • बहर

Oxalidaceae (wood sorrel family) » Averrhoa carambola

av-er-OH-uh -- named for Averrhoes, an Arabian physician

kah-rahm-BOH-luh or ka-RAM-boh-luh -- Latin form of an aboriginal name

commonly known as: carambola, star fruit, coromandel gooseberry, kamranga, five finger, five corner • Bengali: কামরাঙা kamarana • Hindi: दन्तसठ dantasatha, कमरक kamaraka, कमरख kamarakha, पर्णमाचाल parnamachal, पीतफल pitaphala, शिराल shiral • Kannada: ಕಮರಾಕ್ಷಿ kamaraakshi, ಕಮರಮ್ಗ kamaramga • Konkani: करंबल karambala • Marathi: कमरख kamarakha, करमळ karamala, करंबल karambala • Sanskrit: कर्मरकः karmarakah, कर्मरंग karmaranga • Tamil: கந்தசட்கம் kantacatkam, தமரத்தை tamarattai, தாமரத்தம்பழம் tamarattampazam • Telugu: అంబాణపుకాయ ambanapukaya, కర్మరంగము karmarangamu, తమాటకాయ tamatakaya

Native to: south-east Asia

... densely branched ... alternately arranged, long compound leaves as much up to 50 cm long ... with 5 to 11 almost opposite leaflets ... soft, medium-green, smooth on the upper surface, and finely hairy, whitish on the underside.

... leaflets are light-sensitive, more or less fold together at night, and when the tree is abruptly shaken.

References: Flowers of India • Wikipedia • Purdue University • M.M.P.N.D.

Meliaceae (melia, or mahogany family) » Toona ciliata

TU-nah -- derived from vernacular name of the plant

sil-ee-ATE-uh or sil-ee-AH-tuh -- fringed with hairs

commonly known as: Australian red cedar, bastard cedar, Burma cedar, Indian cedar, Indian mahogany, moulmein cedar, red cedar, toon • Assamese: পমা pama • Bengali: তূণ tun • Hindi: नन्दी nandi, नन्दिक nandik, तुन tun, तुन्न tunna • Kannada: ಬೆಳಮ್ದಿ belamdi • Kashmiri: द्रब् drab, द्रावी drawi, तूनी tuni • Malayalam: ചന്ദന വേമ്പ് candana veemp, ചുവന്ന അകില്‍ cuvanna akil, മദഗിരിവേമ്പ് madagiriveemp, പടുകരണ patukarana • Manipuri: তাইৰেল tairel • Marathi: नांदुरकी nandurki, तुन्न tunna • Mizo: teipui • Nepalese: तूनी tunee, तुनि tuni • Oriya: teipui, mahalimbo • Pali: कच्छक kacchaka • Punjabi: ਚਿੱਟੀ ਸਿਰੀਂਹ chitti sirinh, ਚਿੱਟੀ ਸਰੀਂਹ chitti sarinh, ਦੱਲੀ dalli, ਦਰਲ daral, ਦੋਰੀ dori, ਤੁਣ tun • Sanskrit: कच्छपः kacchapah, नन्दी nandi, नन्दिकः nandikah, तुन्न tunna • Tamil: ஆயில் ayil, மலயப்பூத்துன்னமரம் malaya-p-pu-t-tunna-maram, மதகரிவேம்பு matakari-vempu, தூணாமரம் tuna-maram • Telugu: నందివృక్షము nandivrikshamu • Urdu: نندي nandi, نندك nandik, تون tun, تن tunna

Native to: Afghanistan, China, Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, Malesia, Australia

References: Flowers of India • Wikipedia • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • eFlora • DDSA • efloraofindia

Part of a series of photos taken around the Parkville campus of the University of Melbourne

Contributor/author: Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works

Date issued: 1960

Description Suburbs: Clayton, Mulgrave, Wheelers Hill, Scoresby, Rowville, Clayton South, Springvale, Noble Park North, Dandenong North, Noble Park, Dingley Village, Heatherton

Scale: 1:9600

Subject: Melbourne Metropolitan Area (Vic.) -- Maps

Melbourne Metropolitan Area (Vic.) -- Road maps

Access rights: Open Access

Source: Mlbourne University, Maps of Melbourne, Melbourne Affiliation Faculty

Map Collections

Identifier uri: hdl.handle.net/11343/124068

Melbourne linked resource.url: cat.lib.unimelb.edu.au/record=b2475148

Catalogue permalink: cat.lib.unimelb.edu.au/record=b2475148

Fabaceae (pea, or legume family) » Tamarindus indica

tam-uh-RIN-dus -- from the Arabic tamar (date), hindi (Indian)

IN-dih-kuh or in-DEE-kuh -- of or from India

commonly known as: camalindo, Indian date, madeira mahogany, sweet tamarind, tamarind • Assamese: তেঁতেলী tenteli • Bengali: আম্লীকা amlika, তেঁতুল tentula, তিন্তিড়ীক tintidika • Gujarati: ખાટી આમલી khati aamli • Hindi: आम्लिका amlika, इमली imli, तिन्तिड़ी tintiri • Kannada: ಹುಣಸೇ hunase • Konkani: चिंच्याम chinchyaam • Malayalam: പുളി puli, വാളന്പുളി valamapuli • Manipuri: মংগে mange • Marathi: अमली amli, चिंच chinch • Nepalese: अमिलि amili, इम्लि imli, तित्रि titri • Oriya: tintuli • Pali: चिञ्चा chincha • Punjabi: ਅੰਬਲੀ ambli, ਇਮਲੀ imli • Sanskrit: आम्लः amalah, अम्लिका or अम्लीका amalika, अम्लम् amlam, अम्लफलः amlaphalah, अम्लवृक्षः amlavrukshah, चण्डः chandah, चरित्रा charitra, चिञ्चा chincha, चिन्तिडी chintidi, चुक्रा chukra, चुक्रम्ला chukramla, गुरुपत्रा gurupatra, महाम्लम् mahamlam, फलम्लम् phalamlam, श्रेष्ठम्लम् shreshtamlam, तिन्तिडः tintidah, तिन्तिडिका tintidika, तिन्तिली tintili, तिन्तिलीका tintilika, वृक्षम्लम् vrukshamlam • Tamil: ஆம்பிலம் ambilam, சஞ்சீவகரணி canciva-karani, சண்டன் cantan, எகின் ekin, எதளா etala, இந்தம் intam, கிஞ்சம் kincam, ஓதிமம் otimam, புளி puli • Telugu: ఆమ్లము amlamu, అమ్లిక amlika, చించ chincha, చింత chinta, తింత్రిణి tintrini • Urdu: املی imlii

Native of: East Africa, Madagascar, South India

References: Flowers of India • Wikipedia • M.M.N.P.D. • DDSA

Apocynaceae (dogbane family) » Holarrhena pubescens

ho-lar-REN-uh -- unsure of pronunciation, refers to its prolific flowering trait

pew-BES-senz or pub-ess-ens -- meaning, downy or short haired

commonly known as: bitter oleander, cavessi bark, common holarrhena, coneru, conessi bark, dysentery rose bay, easter tree, ivory tree, kurchi bark, Tellicherry bark, white angel • Assamese: dhulkari, dudkhuri • Bengali: kurchi, কুটজ kutaja • Gujarati: drowda, kudakari • Hindi: कडवा इंद्रजव karva indrajau, kurchi, कुटज kutaja • Kannada: koodsaloo, korchie • Konkani: कुडॉ kudo • Malayalam: കുടകപ്പാല kutakappaala • Marathi: इंद्रजव indrajav, kodaga, kodaga pala, कुटज kutaja, पांढरा कुडा pandhra kuda • Oriya: kherwa, korwa, kurwa, pitakorwa • Punjabi: keor, kewar • Sanskrit: इंद्रयव indrayava, कुटज kutaja, sakraparyaaya, sakraasana, वत्सक vatsaka • Tamil: கிரிமல்லிகை kirimllikai, குடசப்பாலை kutaca-p-palai, மலைமல்லிகை mlaimllikai • Telugu: గిరిమల్లిక girimallika, కొడిసెపాల kodisepala, కోలముక్కు kolamukku, కొండమల్లె kondamalle, కుటజము kutajamu

Native to: tropical areas of Africa and Asia

References: M.M.P.N.D. • Flowers of Sahyadri • बहर

Cucurbitaceae (pumpkin, or gourd family) » Momordica dioica

mo-MOR-di-ka -- from the word to bite, reference to the seeds which look bitten

dy-oh-EE-kuh -- meaning, male and female flowers on separate plants

commonly known as: bristly balsam-pear, prickly carolaho, spine gourd, teasle gourd • Assamese: avandhya • Gujarati: katwal • Hindi: बन करेला ban karela • Kannada: karchi-balli, madahagala gadde • Konkani: फागिल phagil • Malayalam: ben-pavel, erimapasel • Marathi: करटोली kartoli • Sanskrit: कर्कोटकी karkotaki, कर्कोटी karkoti • Tamil: மெழுகுபாகல் meluku-pakal, பழுபாகல் palu-pakal • Telugu: అడవికాకర adavikakara, ఆకాకర akakara

Native to: south-east Asia

References: Flowers of India • Dave's Garden • M.M.P.N.D.

Cucurbitaceae (pumpkin, or gourd family) » Momordica dioica

mo-MOR-di-ka -- from the word to bite, reference to the seeds which look bitten

dy-oh-EE-kuh -- male and female flowers on separate plants

commonly known as: bristly balsam-pear, prickly carolaho, spine gourd, teasle gourd • Assamese: avandhya, bhat-kerela • Bengali: bhat korola, ghee korola, kankrol • Gujarati: katwal • Hindi: बन करेला ban karela • Kannada: karchi-balli, madahagala gadde • Konkani: फागिल phagil • Malayalam: ben-pavel, erimapasel • Marathi: करटोली kartoli • Rajasthani: bara -karela, kankera, kankoda • Sanskrit: कर्कोटकी karkotaki, कर्कोटी karkoti • Tamil: மெழுகுபாகல் meluku-pakal, பழுபாகல் palu-pakal • Telugu: అడవికాకర adavikakara, ఆకాకర akakara

Native to: south-east Asia

References: Flowers of India • Dave's Garden • M.M.P.N.D. • Flowers of Sahyadri by Shrikant Ingalhalikar

Arecaceae (palm family) » Elaeis guineensis

el-LEE-iss -- from the Greek elaia (olive); refers to the olives / olive oil used commercially

gin-ee-EN-sis -- of or from Guinea, West Africa

commonly known as: African oil palm, macaw fat • Arabic: nakhlet ez zayt • Burmese: si htan, si ohn • Chinese: you zong • Danish: oliepalme • Finnish: öljypalmu • French: palmier à huile d'Afrique • German: Afrikanische ölpalme • Indonesian: kelapa sawit • Italian: palma avoira, palma da olio, palma oleaginosa africana • Japanese: abura yashi • Malay: kelapa sawit • Maori (Cook Islands): nu tamara • Pohnpeian: apwiraiasi • Portuguese (Brazil): caiaué, dendê, dendezeiro, palmera dendém • Portuguese: palmeira andim, palmeira do azeite, palmeira do dendê • Russian: gvineiskaia, maslichnaia pal'ma, pal'ma maslichnaia • Spanish: corojo de Guinea, palma africana, palma oleaginosa Africana, palmera de aceite • Swahili: mchikichi, miwesi, mjenga • Swedish: oljepalm • Thai: paam nam man

Native of: tropical Africa; naturalized in Sri Lanka, Malesia; widely cultivated in tropics

References: PIER • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D.

♬ Then the word on the wire / Would be just like Ash Wednesday bush fire ♬

The flag flies half mast today, the 24th Anniversary of their passing away on Ash Wednesday, 16th February, 1983 in the hills not far from where I now live.

I started school with Neville, did the same classes, same house, played cricket & footy in the lunchtime breaks.

Nevs family where Orchardists, growing apples in the hilly areas of Panton Hill not far from this shot. At school we visited the Jefferys farm in one of our classes. We got to see how they farmed the land. My overriding memory is the drip feeding setup they had to equalise the pressure in the pipes when watering the trees and the steepness of the land.

Nev was going to Dookie (oldest Ag college in Vic) that year looking to continue on the land no doubt. But it was not to be. Tragedy was to strike the Jefferys again not long after the fires. Mr. Jeffery died from a heart attack. Sad stuff.

When I found out about the memorial service all those years ago I made a choice of having a school photo taken instead of attending. I'd already had a pretty crappy year and I didn't want to start the new one with a service.

Bush fires are part of life here, a constant threat. If you live around the area long enough there is no way you escape it. I grew up with them as a 4 year old, drawing black pictures in kinder for months after (so my mum tells me).

So in the summer it never really leaves your mind, will a fire start this year?

In '83 a big one stared. And as a volunteer the Panton Hill CFA Nev with other members went to help and paid the ultimate price.

So Nev, I didn't make it to your service all those years ago. I hope these images & words will suffice.

<<< start

Old Commerce Building, University of Melbourne. Built 1941. Now part of Architecture.

Moraceae (mulberry family) » Ficus arnottiana

FY-kus or FIK-us from the Latin for Fig

ar-not-ee-AH-nuh -- named for George Arnold Walker-Arnott, Scottish botanist

commonly known as: Indian rock fig, rock pipal, waved-leaved fig tree, wild pipal • Hindi: bassari, palhi, पारस पिपल paras pipal, pilkhan, पिंपली pimpli • Kannada: ಕಲ್ಲ ಅಶ್ವತ್ಥ kalla ashvattha • Malayalam: കല്ലരയാല്‍ kallarayal • Marathi: पायर payar, कडक पाईर kadak payer, पिपळी pipli • Sanskrit: परीस parisah, प्लावक plavaka, प्लवंग plavanga • Tamil: கொடியரசு kotiyarasu • Telugu: కల్లరావి kallaravi, కొండ రావి konda ravi

Native to:India, Sri Lanka

References: Sri Mahabodhiya • Ethnobotanical leaflets • M.M.P.N.D. • ENVIS - FRLHT

Euphorbiaceae (castor, euphorbia, or spurge family) » Mallotus philippensis

mal-LOH-tus -- meaning fleecy, referring to the seed capsule

fil-lip-EN-sis -- of or from the Philippines; also spelled philippinensis

commonly known as: dyer's rottlera, kamala dye tree, monkey face tree, orange kamala, red kamala, scarlet croton • Bengali: কমলা kamala • Hindi: कामला kamala, रैनी raini, रोहन rohan, रोहिनी rohini, सिन्धुरी sinduri • Kannada: ಕುಮ್ಕುಮದ ಮರ kunkuma-damara • Malayalam: ചെങ്കൊല്ലി cenkolli, കുങ്കുമപ്പൂമരം kunkumappuumaram, കുരങ്ങുമഞ്ഞശ് kurangumanjas, നാവട്ട naavatta, നൂറിമരം nuurimaram • Marathi: केशरी kesari, शेंदरी shendri • Sanskrit: काम्पिल्यक kampillaka • Tamil: கபிலப்பொடி kapila poti, குரங்குமஞ்சணாறி kuranku-mañcanari • Telugu:కుంకుమ చెట్టు kunkuma-chettu

Native to: China, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Australia

... small to medium-sized tree that can reach up to 25 m tall with a bole up to 50 cm in diameter, but usually much less ... twigs solid, reddish-brown glandular, densely hairy.

References: M.M.P.N.D. • World Agroforestry Centre • Forest Flora of Andhra Pradesh

Dioscoreaceae (yam family) » Dioscorea bulbifera

dy-oh-SKOR-ee-uh -- named for Pedanios Dioscorides, 1st century Greek pharmacologist

bulb-EE-fer-uh -- bearing bulbs

commonly known as: aerial yam, air potato, air yam, bitter yam, bulbil-bearing yam, cheeky yam, malacca yam, otaheite-potato , potato yam, shoebutton air potato • Bengali: বনআলু ban alu • Hindi: गैण्ठी gainthi, कदू कन्दा kadu kanda, रतालू ratalu (apt for D. purpurea) • Kannada: ಅಮ್ಬಲಿ ಗೆಣಸು ambali genasu, ಹಮ್ದಿಗೆಣಸು hamdigenasu, ಹೆಗ್ಗೆನಸು heggenasu, ಕುಮ್ಟಗೆಣಸು kuntagenasu, ನೇಗಿಲುಹೊನ್ನೆ negilugonne • Konkani: करंदो karamdo • Malayalam: കാച്ചില് kaacchil, പന്നികിഴങ്ങ pannikizhangu • Marathi: डुकरकंद dukar-kand, कडूकरंदा kadu-karanda, वाराही varahi • Nepalese: गीट्ठा giitthaa, गीट्ठे तरुल giitthe tarul, वन तरुल van tarul • Oriya: pita alu • Sanskrit: आलुकः aluka, वराहीकन्द varahi-kand • Tamil: காட்டுச்சீரகவள்ளி kaatu-c-ciraka-valli, காட்டுக்காய்வள்ளி kaattu-k-kaay-valli • Telugu: అడవి దుంప adavi dumpa

Native to: tropical Africa, China, Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, tropical Australia

References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • IFAS

Fabaceae (pea, or legume family) » Tamarindus indica

tam-uh-RIN-dus -- from the Arabic tamar (date), hindi (Indian)

IN-dih-kuh or in-DEE-kuh -- of or from India

commonly known as: camalindo, Indian date, madeira mahogany, sweet tamarind, tamarind • Assamese: তেঁতেলী tenteli • Bengali: আম্লীকা amlika, তেঁতুল tentula, তিন্তিড়ীক tintidika • Gujarati: ખાટી આમલી khati aamli • Hindi: आम्लिका amlika, इमली imli, तिन्तिड़ी tintiri • Kannada: ಹುಣಸೇ hunase • Konkani: चिंच्याम chinchyaam • Malayalam: പുളി puli, വാളന്പുളി valamapuli • Manipuri: মংগে mange • Marathi: अमली amli, चिंच chinch • Nepalese: अमिलि amili, इम्लि imli, तित्रि titri • Oriya: tintuli • Pali: चिञ्चा chincha • Punjabi: ਅੰਬਲੀ ambli, ਇਮਲੀ imli • Sanskrit: आम्लः amalah, अम्लिका or अम्लीका amalika, अम्लम् amlam, अम्लफलः amlaphalah, अम्लवृक्षः amlavrukshah, चण्डः chandah, चरित्रा charitra, चिञ्चा chincha, चिन्तिडी chintidi, चुक्रा chukra, चुक्रम्ला chukramla, गुरुपत्रा gurupatra, महाम्लम् mahamlam, फलम्लम् phalamlam, श्रेष्ठम्लम् shreshtamlam, तिन्तिडः tintidah, तिन्तिडिका tintidika, तिन्तिली tintili, तिन्तिलीका tintilika, वृक्षम्लम् vrukshamlam • Tamil: ஆம்பிலம் ambilam, சஞ்சீவகரணி canciva-karani, சண்டன் cantan, எகின் ekin, எதளா etala, இந்தம் intam, கிஞ்சம் kincam, ஓதிமம் otimam, புளி puli • Telugu: ఆమ్లము amlamu, అమ్లిక amlika, చించ chincha, చింత chinta, తింత్రిణి tintrini • Urdu: املی imlii

Native of: East Africa, Madagascar, South India

References: Flowers of India • Wikipedia • M.M.N.P.D. • DDSA

Rubiaceae (madder, bedstraw, or coffee family) »Morinda pubescens

mo-RIN-duh -- from the Latin morus (mulberry) and indicus (Indian)

pew-BES-senz or pub-ess-ens -- meaning, downy or short haired

commonly known as: morinda, noni, togari wood of Madras • Hindi: आल aal, औछ auch • Kannada: ಮಡ್ಡಿ maddi • Malayalam: മഞ്ഞപ്പാവട്ട manjappaavatta • Marathi: बारतोंडी bartondi • Oriya: pindra • Sanskrit: अच्युत achyuta, अक्षिकिफल akshikiphala • Tamil: மஞ்சணாறி manchanari, நுணா nuna • Telugu: మడ్డి maddi, తొగరు togaru • Urdu: togar mughalai

Native to: India, south-east Asia

References: M.M.P.N.D. • IndFlora • The Trees of Mumbai

commonly known as: East Indian kino, Indian kino, Malabar kino • Arabic: dammul-akhvaine-hindi • Bengali: পিয়াল গাছ piyala gacha • Dutch: kino de Malobar • Gujarati: બીયો biyo • Hindi: बिया biya, विजयसार vijaysaar • Kannada: ಹೊನ್ನೆಮರ honnemara • Konkani: असण asan • Malayalam: വേങ്ങ veenga • Marathi: बिबी bibi, बिजा bija, बिवळा or बिंवळा bivala, पालेआसण paale-asan, पापडी papdi • Nepalese: बिजयसार bijaysar, बिजयशाल bijayashal, वन्धूकपुष्प vandhuk pushp • Oriya: bijja, piyasalo, ପିତଶାଳକ • Persian: khune-siyavashane-hindi • Sanskrit: असनः asanah, बन्धूकपुष्पः bandhukapushpa, जीवकः jivakah, महासर्जकः mahasarjakah, पीतसालकः pitasalakah, प्रियकः priyakah • Sinhalese: gummalu • Tamil: அசனாமிர்த asanaamrta, உதிரவேங்கை utira-venkai, வேங்கை venkai • Telugu: వేగి vegi • Urdu: bijasar, dam-ul-akhwain

References: NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • ENVIS - FRLHT

Apocynaceae (dogbane family) » Wrightia tinctoria

RITE-ee-a -- named for William Wright, Scottish physician and botanist

tink-TOR-ee-uh -- used in dyeing or has a sap which can stain

commonly known as: black indrajau, dyeing rosebay, dyers’s oleander, ivory tree, pala indigo plant, sweet indrajao • Gujarati: દૂધલો dudhalo • Hindi: दुधी dudhi, इन्द्रजौ indrajau, काला कुडा kala kuda, करायजा karayaja, कुडा kuda • Kannada: ಅಜಮರ ajamara • Konkani: काळाकुडो kalakudo • Marathi: भूरेवडी bhurevadi, काळा कुडा kala kuda • Malayalam: ഭന്തപ്പാല bhanthappaala, കമ്പിപ്പാല kampippaala, നിലപ്പാല nilappaala • Sanskrit: असित कुटज asita kutaj, hyamaraka, स्त्री कुटज stri kutaja • Tamil: இரும்பாலை irum-palai, பாலை paalai, வெட்பாலை vet-palai • Telugu: అంకుడుచెట్టు ankuduchettu, చిట్టిఅంకుడు chiti-anikudu, కొండజెముడు kondajemudu

Native to: India, Myanmar

References: Flowers of India • EcoPort • M.M.P.N.D.

Leguminosae or Fabaceae s. l. (legume, pea, or bean family) » Mucuna pruriens

myoo-KOO-nuh -- from the Brazilian name for these vines

pruriens -- from Latin prurient, pruriens, present participle of prurire to itch

commonly known as: bengal bean, buffalo bean, cowach, cowage, cow itch, cowhage, hell fire bean, itchweed, itchy bean, Mauritius bean, nescafe, purple jade vine, sea bean, velvet bean, wild itchy bean • Bengali: আলকুশি alakusi • Hindi: जाङ्गली jangali, जड़ा jara, कवांच kavanch. केवांच kevanch, किवांच kivanch, konch • Kannada: ನಸುಗುನ್ನಿ nasugunni • Malayalam: നായ്ക്കുരണ naikkuran • Marathi: कवचकुइरी kavachkuiri, कवचकुइली kavachkuili, कवसकुइरी kavaskuiri, कवसकुइली kavaskuili, खाजरीकुइरी khazrikuiri, खाजरीकुइली khazrikuili • Sanskrit: आत्मगुप्ता atmagupta, कपिकच्छ् kapikachu • Tamil: பூனைக்காலி punaikkali • Telugu: దూలగొండి dulagondi, కండూష్పల kanduspala, కపికచ్ఛూః kapikacchuh, pilliadugu • Urdu: جانگلي jangali, جڙا jara

Native to: Africa, India

References: Flowers of India • TopTropicals • Dave's Garden • M.M.P.N.D.

Moraceae (mulberry family) » Ficus racemosa

FY-kus or FIK-us -- from the Latin for fig

ray-see-MO-suh -- in racemes (a type of flower cluster)

commonly known as: cluster fig, country fig, crattock, gular fig, redwood fig • Bengali: উদুম্বর udumbara • Gujarati: ગૂલર goolar, ઉંબરૉ umbaro • Hindi: डूमर dumar, धर्म पत्र dharma patra, गूलर goolar, जन्तु फल jantu phal, पाणि भुज pani bhuj, पुष्पहिना pushp-hina, उदुम्बर udumbara, ऊमरि umari, यज्ञडुम्बुर yajnyadumbur • Kannada: ಅತ್ತಿ ಮರ atti mara • Konkani: ऋम्बड rhumbud • Malayalam: അത്തി aththi • Manipuri: heibong • Marathi: उदुंबर udumbar, उंबर umbar • Nepalese: दुम्री dumrii • Oriya: dimri • Sanskrit: औदुम्बर audumbara, ब्रह्मन्वृक्षः brahanvrkisha, गूलर gular, हेमदुग्धकः hemadugdhaka, जन्तुकाफलः jantukaphalah, जन्तुफलः jantuphalah, जन्तुमती jantumati, कृमिफलः krmiphalah, मशकिन् mashakin, सदाफलः sadaphalah, सौम्य saumya, शीतवल्कः shitavalkah, सुतः sutah, उडुम्बर udumbara, वसुद्रुमः vasudrumah, यज्ञयोगः yajnayoga, यज्ञियः yagniyah • Tamil: ஆனை anai, அத்தி atti, மலையின்முனிவன் malaiyin munivan, உதும்பரம் utumparam • Telugu: అత్తి atti, బొడ్డ bodda, బ్రహ్మమామిడి brahmamamidi • Urdu: ڐومر dumar

Native to: south-east Asia

References: Flowers of India • TopTropicals • Dave's Garden • M.M.P.N.D.

Moraceae (mulberry family) » Ficus racemosa

FY-kus or FIK-us -- from the Latin for fig

ray-see-MO-suh -- in racemes (a type of flower cluster)

commonly known as: cluster fig, country fig, crattock, gular fig, redwood fig • Bengali: উদুম্বর udumbara • Gujarati: ગૂલર goolar, ઉંબરૉ umbaro • Hindi: डूमर dumar, धर्म पत्र dharma patra, गूलर goolar, जन्तु फल jantu phal, पाणि भुज pani bhuj, पुष्पहिना pushp-hina, उदुम्बर udumbara, ऊमरि umari, यज्ञडुम्बुर yajnyadumbur • Kannada: ಅತ್ತಿ ಮರ atti mara • Konkani: ऋम्बड rhumbad • Malayalam: അത്തി aththi • Manipuri: heibong • Marathi: उदुंबर udumbar, उंबर umbar • Nepalese: दुम्री dumrii • Oriya: dimri • Pali: उदुंबर udumbar • Sanskrit: औदुम्बर audumbara, ब्रह्मन्वृक्षः brahanvrkisha, गूलर gular, हेमदुग्धकः hemadugdhaka, जन्तुकाफलः jantukaphalah, जन्तुफलः jantuphalah, जन्तुमती jantumati, कृमिफलः krmiphalah, मशकिन् mashakin, सदाफलः sadaphalah, सौम्य saumya, शीतवल्कः shitavalkah, सुतः sutah, उडुम्बर udumbara, वसुद्रुमः vasudrumah, यज्ञयोगः yajnayoga, यज्ञियः yagniyah • Tamil: ஆனை anai, அத்தி atti, மலையின்முனிவன் malaiyin munivan, உதும்பரம் utumparam • Telugu: అత్తి atti, బొడ్డ bodda, బ్రహ్మమామిడి brahmamamidi • Urdu: ڐومر dumar

Native to: south-east Asia

References: Flowers of India • TopTropicals • Dave's Garden • M.M.P.N.D.

Bukit Tagar, Selangor, Malaysia.

Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) H.W. Schott & Endl. Araceae. CN: [Malay - Keladi telur, Ubi Tawi (Kelantan); Indonesia - Talas belitung, Kimpul, Busil, Bote], Ape (Hawaii), Arrowleaf elephant ear, Blue tannia, Blue taro, Coco, Cocoyam, Eddo, Green arrow elephant ears, Japanese potatoes, Malanga, Malanga blanca, New cocoyam, Ocumo, Purplestem taro, Rosy malanga, Sato-Imo, Tania, Tannia, Yautia, Yautia amarilla, Yautia blanco. Native to the Caribbean, northern and western South America. Stem, shoot and tuber edible. Many varieties, some having blue tubers.

Note: Sutris, one of my farm hands from Lumajang, East Java showing a clump of Keladi telur.

Synonym(s):

Alocasia talihan Elmer Ex Merr.

Arum nigrum Vell.

Arum sagittifolium L. (basionym)

Arum xanthorrhizon Jacq.

Caladium edule G. Mey.

Caladium mafaffa Engl.

Caladium sagittifolium (L.) Vent.

Caladium utile Engl.

Caladium xanthorrhizon (Jacq.) Willd.

Philodendron nigrum Kunth

Xanthosoma appendiculatum Schott

Xanthosoma atrovirens K. Koch and C. D. Bouché

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. appendiculatum (Schott) Engl.

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. hybridum K. Koch

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. kochii Engl.

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. moritzii Engl.

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. panduriforme Engl.

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. versicolor K. Koch

Xanthosoma blandum Schott

Xanthosoma edule (G. Mey.) Schott

Xanthosoma ianthinum K. Koch and C. D. Bouché

Xanthosoma jacquinii Schott

Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott

Xanthosoma mafaffa var. blandum (Schott) Engl.

Xanthosoma mafaffa var. typicum Engl.

Xanthosoma nigrum Stellfeld

Xanthosoma peregrinum Griseb.

Xanthosoma poeppigii var. mafaffa (Schott) J. F. Macbr.

Xanthosoma roseum Schott

Xanthosoma utile K. Koch and C. D. Bouché

Xanthosoma violaceum Schott

Xanthosoma xantharrhizon (Jacq.) K. Koch

Ref and suggested reading:

zipcodezoo.com/Plants/x/Xanthosoma_sagittifolium/

www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Xanthosoma.html#sag...

www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?42090

www.plantamor.com/index.php?plant=1692

www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/walter-w-skeat/pagan-races...

<a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0646e/T0646E0o.htm#Tannia, yautia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)" rel="nofollow">www.fao.org/docrep/t0646e/T0646E0o.htm#Tannia,%20yautia%2...

Apocynaceae (dogbane family) » Wrightia tinctoria

RITE-ee-a -- named for William Wright, Scottish physician and botanist

tink-TOR-ee-uh -- used in dyeing or has a sap which can stain

commonly known as: black indrajau, dyeing rosebay, dyers’s oleander, ivory tree, pala indigo plant, sweet indrajao • Gujarati: દૂધલો dudhalo • Hindi: दुधी dudhi, इन्द्रजौ indrajau, काला कुडा kala kuda, करायजा karayaja, कुडा kuda • Kannada: ಅಜಮರ ajamara • Konkani: काळाकुडो kalakudo • Marathi: भूरेवडी bhurevadi, काळा कुडा kala kuda • Malayalam: ഭന്തപ്പാല bhanthappaala, കമ്പിപ്പാല kampippaala, നിലപ്പാല nilappaala • Sanskrit: असित कुटज asita kutaj, hyamaraka, स्त्री कुटज stri kutaja • Tamil: இரும்பாலை irum-palai, பாலை paalai, வெட்பாலை vet-palai • Telugu: అంకుడుచెట్టు ankuduchettu, చిట్టిఅంకుడు chiti-anikudu, కొండజెముడు kondajemudu

Native to: India, Myanmar

References: Flowers of India • EcoPort • M.M.P.N.D.

Euphorbiaceae (castor, euphorbia, or spurge family) » Mallotus philippensis

mal-LOH-tus -- fleecy, referring to the seed capsule

fil-lip-EN-sis -- of or from the Philippines; also spelled philippinensis

commonly known as: dyer's rottlera, kamala dye tree, monkey face tree, orange kamala, red kamala, scarlet croton • Bengali: কমলা kamala • Hindi: कामला kamala, रैनी raini, रोहन rohan, रोहिनी rohini, सिन्धुरी sinduri • Kannada: ಕುಮ್ಕುಮದ ಮರ kunkuma-damara • Malayalam: ചെങ്കൊല്ലി cenkolli, കുങ്കുമപ്പൂമരം kunkumappuumaram, കുരങ്ങുമഞ്ഞശ് kurangumanjas, നാവട്ട naavatta, നൂറിമരം nuurimaram • Marathi: कपिला kapila, केशरी kesari, शेंदरी shendri • Sanskrit: काम्पिल्यक kampilyaka • Tamil: கபிலப்பொடி kapila poti, குரங்குமஞ்சணாறி kuranku-mañcanari • Telugu:కుంకుమ చెట్టు kunkuma-chettu

Native to: China, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Australia

References: Flowers of India • M.M.P.N.D. • World Agroforestry Centre • Forest Flora of Andhra Pradesh

Don't miss the interactive view (requires shockwave - a free, one-time, automatic download).

Camera: Nikon D100

Lense: AF-S DX Nikkor 18-70 mm f/3.5-4.5G IF-ED

Tripod: Manfrotto

Tripod head: Manfrotto 322RC2 Tripod Head with Nodal Ninja

Photos: 9 + 9 + 9 + 2 = 29 photos (three rows plus zenith and nadir)

Software: Stitched with PTGui (but warped with Panorama Tools); Blended with Enblend plugin; No photoshop; EXIFTool to add the EXIF info from the first photo.

Original Image: 10,000 x 5,000 pixels; 18.3 MB

Maps: Google Earth (requires Google Earth) | Street | Satellite | Hybrid | Topo

Dioscoreaceae (yam family) » Dioscorea bulbifera

dy-oh-SKOR-ee-uh -- named for Pedanios Dioscorides, 1st century Greek pharmacologist

bulb-EE-fer-uh -- meaning, bearing bulbs

commonly known as: aerial yam, air potato, air yam, bitter yam, bulbil-bearing yam, cheeky yam, malacca yam, otaheite-potato , potato yam, shoebutton air potato • Bengali: বনআলু ban alu • Hindi: गैण्ठी gainthi, कदू कन्दा kadu kanda, रतालू ratalu (apt for D. purpurea) • Kannada: ಅಮ್ಬಲಿ ಗೆಣಸು ambali genasu, ಹಮ್ದಿಗೆಣಸು hamdigenasu, ಹೆಗ್ಗೆನಸು heggenasu, ಕುಮ್ಟಗೆಣಸು kuntagenasu, ನೇಗಿಲುಹೊನ್ನೆ negilugonne • Konkani: करंदो karamdo • Malayalam: കാച്ചില് kaacchil, പന്നികിഴങ്ങ pannikizhangu • Marathi: डुकरकंद dukar-kand, कडूकरंदा kadu-karanda, वाराही varahi • Nepalese: गीट्ठा giitthaa, गीट्ठे तरुल giitthe tarul, वन तरुल van tarul • Oriya: pita alu • Sanskrit: आलुकः aluka, वराहीकन्द varahi-kand • Tamil: காட்டுச்சீரகவள்ளி kaatu-c-ciraka-valli, காட்டுக்காய்வள்ளி kaattu-k-kaay-valli • Telugu: అడవి దుంప adavi dumpa

Native to: tropical Africa, China, Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, tropical Australia

References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • IFAS

Dioscoreaceae (yam family) » Dioscorea bulbifera

dy-oh-SKOR-ee-uh -- named for Pedanios Dioscorides, 1st century Greek pharmacologist

bulb-EE-fer-uh -- meaning, bearing bulbs

commonly known as: aerial yam, air potato, air yam, bitter yam, bulbil-bearing yam, cheeky yam, malacca yam, otaheite-potato , potato yam, shoebutton air potato • Bengali: বনআলু ban alu • Hindi: गैण्ठी gainthi, कदू कन्दा kadu kunda, रतालू ratalu (apt for D. purpurea) • Kannada: ಅಮ್ಬಲಿ ಗೆಣಸು ambali genasu, ಹಮ್ದಿಗೆಣಸು hamdigenasu, ಹೆಗ್ಗೆನಸು heggenasu, ಕುಮ್ಟಗೆಣಸು kuntagenasu, ನೇಗಿಲುಹೊನ್ನೆ negilugonne • Konkani: करंदो karamdo • Malayalam: കാച്ചില് kaacchil, പന്നികിഴങ്ങ pannikizhangu • Marathi: डुकरकंद dukar-kand, कडूकरंदा kadu-karanda, वाराही varahi • Nepalese: गीट्ठा giitthaa, गीट्ठे तरुल giitthe tarul, वन तरुल van tarul • Oriya: pita alu • Sanskrit: आलुकः aluka, वराहीकन्द varahi-kand • Tamil: காட்டுச்சீரகவள்ளி kaatu-c-ciraka-valli, காட்டுக்காய்வள்ளி kaattu-k-kaay-valli • Telugu: అడవి దుంప adavi dumpa

Native to: tropical Africa, China, Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, tropical Australia

References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • IFAS

Keynote 50 in 50

Dioscoreaceae (yam family) » Dioscorea bulbifera

dy-oh-SKOR-ee-uh -- named for Pedanios Dioscorides, 1st century Greek pharmacologist

bulb-EE-fer-uh -- meaning, bearing bulbs

commonly known as: aerial yam, air potato, air yam, bitter yam, bulbil-bearing yam, cheeky yam, malacca yam, otaheite-potato , potato yam, shoebutton air potato • Bengali: বনআলু ban alu • Hindi: गैण्ठी gainthi, कदू कन्दा kadu kunda, रतालू ratalu (apt for D. purpurea) • Kannada: ಹಮ್ದಿಗೆಣಸು hamdigenasu, ಹೆಗ್ಗೆನಸು heggenasu, ಕುಮ್ಟಗೆಣಸು kuntagenasu, ನೇಗಿಲುಹೊನ್ನೆ negilugonne • Konkani: करंदो karamdo • Malayalam: കാച്ചില് kaacchil, പന്നികിഴങ്ങ pannikizhangu • Marathi: डुकरकंद dukar-kand, कडूकरंदा kadu-karanda, वाराही varahi • Nepalese: गीट्ठा giitthaa, गीट्ठे तरुल giitthe tarul, वन तरुल van tarul • Oriya: pita alu • Sanskrit: आलुकः aluka, वराहीकन्द varahi-kand • Tamil: காட்டுச்சீரகவள்ளி kaatu-c-ciraka-valli, காட்டுக்காய்வள்ளி kaattu-k-kaay-valli • Telugu: అడవి దుంప adavi dumpa

Native to: tropical Africa, China, Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, tropical Australia

References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • IFAS

Arecaceae (palm family) » Elaeis guineensis

el-LEE-iss -- from the Greek elaia (olive); refers to the olives / olive oil used commercially

gin-ee-EN-sis -- of or from Guinea, West Africa

commonly known as: African oil palm, macaw fat • Arabic: nakhlet ez zayt • Burmese: si htan, si ohn • Chinese: you zong • Danish: oliepalme • Finnish: öljypalmu • French: palmier à huile d'Afrique • German: Afrikanische ölpalme • Indonesian: kelapa sawit • Italian: palma avoira, palma da olio, palma oleaginosa africana • Japanese: abura yashi • Malay: kelapa sawit • Maori (Cook Islands): nu tamara • Pohnpeian: apwiraiasi • Portuguese (Brazil): caiaué, dendê, dendezeiro, palmera dendém • Portuguese: palmeira andim, palmeira do azeite, palmeira do dendê • Russian: gvineiskaia, maslichnaia pal'ma, pal'ma maslichnaia • Spanish: corojo de Guinea, palma africana, palma oleaginosa Africana, palmera de aceite • Swahili: mchikichi, miwesi, mjenga • Swedish: oljepalm • Thai: paam nam man

Native of: tropical Africa; naturalized in Sri Lanka, Malesia; widely cultivated in tropics

References: PIER • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D.

Fabaceae (pea, or legume family) » Tamarindus indica

tam-uh-RIN-dus -- from the Arabic tamar (date), hindi (Indian)

IN-dih-kuh or in-DEE-kuh -- of or from India

commonly known as: camalindo, Indian date, madeira mahogany, sweet tamarind, tamarind • Assamese: তেঁতেলী tenteli • Bengali: আম্লীকা amlika, তেঁতুল tentula, তিন্তিড়ীক tintidika • Gujarati: ખાટી આમલી khati aamli • Hindi: आम्लिका amlika, इमली imli, तिन्तिड़ी tintiri • Kannada: ಹುಣಸೇ hunase • Konkani: चिंच्याम chinchyaam • Malayalam: പുളി puli, വാളന്പുളി valamapuli • Manipuri: মংগে mange • Marathi: अमली amli, चिंच chinch • Nepalese: अमिलि amili, इम्लि imli, तित्रि titri • Oriya: tintuli • Pali: चिञ्चा chincha • Punjabi: ਅੰਬਲੀ ambli, ਇਮਲੀ imli • Sanskrit: आम्लः amalah, अम्लिका or अम्लीका amalika, अम्लम् amlam, अम्लफलः amlaphalah, अम्लवृक्षः amlavrukshah, चण्डः chandah, चरित्रा charitra, चिञ्चा chincha, चिन्तिडी chintidi, चुक्रा chukra, चुक्रम्ला chukramla, गुरुपत्रा gurupatra, महाम्लम् mahamlam, फलम्लम् phalamlam, श्रेष्ठम्लम् shreshtamlam, तिन्तिडः tintidah, तिन्तिडिका tintidika, तिन्तिली tintili, तिन्तिलीका tintilika, वृक्षम्लम् vrukshamlam • Tamil: ஆம்பிலம் ambilam, சஞ்சீவகரணி canciva-karani, சண்டன் cantan, எகின் ekin, எதளா etala, இந்தம் intam, கிஞ்சம் kincam, ஓதிமம் otimam, புளி puli • Telugu: ఆమ్లము amlamu, అమ్లిక amlika, చించ chincha, చింత chinta, తింత్రిణి tintrini • Urdu: املی imlii

Native of: East Africa, Madagascar, South India

References: Flowers of India • Wikipedia • M.M.N.P.D. • DDSA

Myrtaceae (Myrtle family) » Syzygium cumini

siz-ZY-gee-um -- from the Greek syzygos (joined), referring to the paired leaves

KOO-min-ee -- from the Greek kyminon (cumin)

commonly known as: black plum, damson plum, duhat plum, Indian blackberry, jambolan, jambolan plum, Java plum, Malabar plum, Portuguese plum • Assamese: জামু jamu, ক'লা জামু kala jamu • Bengali: kala jam • Gujarati: જાંબુ jaambu • Hindi: जामुन jamun • Jaintia: dieng sohthongum • Kannada: ನೇರಳೆ nerale • Khasi: dieng ramai • Konkani: जांबुळ jambul • Malayalam: കാട്ടുചാമ്പ kaattucaampa, ഞാവല്‍ njaaval, ഞാറ njaara, പെരിഞാറ perinjaara • Manipuri: gulamchat, jam • Marathi: जांबूळ jambool • Mizo: hmuipui • Nepalese: जामुनु jamunu, फँड़िर् phanrir • Oriya: jamkoli • Pali: जम्बु jambu • Prakrit: जम्वुलो jambulo, जम्मुलो jammulo • Punjabi: ਜਾਮਣ jaman • Sanskrit: जम्बुलः jambulah, मेघमोदिनी meghamodini • Tamil: கொட்டைநாகம் kottai-nakam, நாவல் naval • Telugu: నేరేడు neredu • Tibetan: dzam-bu • Urdu: جامن jaman

Native to: India and Indonesia

References: Flowers of India • Top Tropicals • Dave's Garden • M.M.P.N.D. • DDSA

Flacourtiaceae (coffee plum family) » Flacourtia indica

flak-KOOR-tee-uh -- named for Etienne de Flacourt, director of the Fr. East India Company

IN-dih-kuh or in-DEE-kuh -- of or from India

commonly known as: batoka plum, flacourtia, governor’s plum, Indian plum, Madagascar plum, Mauritius plum, Rhodesia plum • Gujarati: લોદરી lodari • Hindi: बिलाङ्गड़ा bilangada • Konkani: बाभुळी तांबट babhuli tambat • Malayalam: കരിമുള്ളി karimulli • Marathi: अठरुन athruna, तांबूट tambut • Sanskrit: श्रृववृक्ष shruvavrikksha • Tamil: சொத்தைக்களா cottai-k-kala • Telugu: నక్కనేరేడు nakka-neredu

Native to: tropical Africa, southern Africa, Madagascar, tropical Asia; naturalized elsewhere

References: Flowers of India • World Agroforestry Centre • NPGS • M.M.P.N.D. • ENVIS

Moraceae (mulberry family) » Ficus arnottiana

FY-kus or FIK-us from the Latin for Fig

ar-not-ee-AH-nuh -- named for George Arnold Walker-Arnott, Scottish botanist

commonly known as: Indian rock fig, rock pipal, waved-leaved fig tree, wild pipal • Hindi: bassari, palhi, पारस पिपल paras pipal, pilkhan, पिंपली pimpli • Kannada: ಕಲ್ಲ ಅಶ್ವತ್ಥ kalla ashvattha • Malayalam: കല്ലരയാല്‍ kallarayal • Marathi: पायर payar, कडक पाईर kadak payer, पिपळी pipli • Sanskrit: परीस parisah, प्लावक plavaka, प्लवंग plavanga • Tamil: கொடியரசு kotiyarasu • Telugu: కల్లరావి kallaravi, కొండ రావి konda ravi

Native to:India, Sri Lanka

... leaves with wavy margin, hard, raised veination - almost white to pale yellow in color ... the leaf tips are pointed, acuminate ... and are short in comparison to F. religiosa, which has leaf tips tapering, acuminate, as much long as the leaf itself.

... common in rocky places along the ghats.

References: Sri Mahabodhiya • Ethnobotanical leaflets • M.M.P.N.D. • ENVIS - FRLHT

Dioscoreaceae (yam family) » Dioscorea bulbifera

dy-oh-SKOR-ee-uh -- named for Pedanios Dioscorides, 1st century Greek pharmacologist

bulb-EE-fer-uh -- meaning, bearing bulbs

commonly known as: aerial yam, air potato, air yam, bitter yam, bulbil-bearing yam, cheeky yam, malacca yam, otaheite-potato , potato yam, shoebutton air potato • Bengali: বনআলু ban alu • Hindi: गैण्ठी gainthi, कदू कन्दा kadu kunda, रतालू ratalu (apt for D. purpurea) • Kannada: ಅಮ್ಬಲಿ ಗೆಣಸು ambali genasu, ಹಮ್ದಿಗೆಣಸು hamdigenasu, ಹೆಗ್ಗೆನಸು heggenasu, ಕುಮ್ಟಗೆಣಸು kuntagenasu, ನೇಗಿಲುಹೊನ್ನೆ negilugonne • Konkani: करंदो karamdo • Malayalam: കാച്ചില് kaacchil, പന്നികിഴങ്ങ pannikizhangu • Marathi: डुकरकंद dukar-kand, कडूकरंदा kadu-karanda, वाराही varahi • Nepalese: गीट्ठा giitthaa, गीट्ठे तरुल giitthe tarul, वन तरुल van tarul • Oriya: pita alu • Sanskrit: आलुकः aluka, वराहीकन्द varahi-kand • Tamil: காட்டுச்சீரகவள்ளி kaatu-c-ciraka-valli, காட்டுக்காய்வள்ளி kaattu-k-kaay-valli • Telugu: అడవి దుంప adavi dumpa

Native to: tropical Africa, China, Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, tropical Australia

References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • IFAS

Don't miss the interactive view (requires shockwave - a free, one-time, automatic download).

Camera: Nikon D100

Lense: AF-S DX Nikkor 18-70 mm f/3.5-4.5G IF-ED

Tripod: Manfrotto

Tripod head: Manfrotto 322RC2 Tripod Head with Nodal Ninja

Photos: 9 + 9 + 9 + 2 = 29 photos (three rows plus zenith and nadir)

Software: Stitched with PTGui (but warped with Panorama Tools); Blended with Enblend plugin; No photoshop

Original Image: 10,000 x 5,000 pixels; 15.7 MB

Location: Google Earth (requires Google Earth) | Street | Satellite | Hybrid | Nautical | Topo

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Explore / Interestingness / Top 500 / December 7, 2006

Highest position: 298 on Friday, December 22, 2006

Leguminosae or Fabaceae s. l. (legume, pea, or bean family) » Mucuna pruriens

myoo-KOO-nuh -- from the Brazilian name for these vines

pruriens -- from Latin prurient, pruriens, present participle of prurire to itch

commonly known as: bengal bean, buffalo bean, cowach, cowage, cow itch, cowhage, hell fire bean, itchweed, itchy bean, Mauritius bean, nescafe, purple jade vine, sea bean, velvet bean, wild itchy bean • Bengali: আলকুশি alakusi • Hindi: जाङ्गली jangali, जड़ा jara, कवांच kavanch. केवांच kevanch, किवांच kivanch, konch • Kannada: ನಸುಗುನ್ನಿ nasugunni • Malayalam: നായ്ക്കുരണ naikkuran • Marathi: कवचकुइरी kavachkuiri, कवचकुइली kavachkuili, कवसकुइरी kavaskuiri, कवसकुइली kavaskuili, खाजरीकुइरी khazrikuiri, खाजरीकुइली khazrikuili • Sanskrit: आत्मगुप्ता atmagupta, कपिकच्छ् kapikachu • Tamil: பூனைக்காலி punaikkali • Telugu: దూలగొండి dulagondi, కండూష్పల kanduspala, కపికచ్ఛూః kapikacchuh, pilliadugu • Urdu: جانگلي jangali, جڙا jara

Native to: Africa, India

References: Flowers of India • TopTropicals • Dave's Garden • M.M.P.N.D.

Sapotaceae (sapota family) » Manilkara zapota

man-il-KAR-uh -- Latinized form of the S. American vernacular name for Malabar

zuh-POH-tuh -- from the S. American vernacular name sapota

commonly known as: beef apple, chicle, chico sapote, chicozapote, chiku, naseberry, noseberry, sapodilla, sapodilla plum • Bengali: সপেটা sapeta • Hindi: चिकू chikoo, sapota • Konkani: चिक्कू chikku • Marathi: चिकू chiku, चिक्कू chikku • Tamil: cappotta, சீமையிலுப்பை cimaiyiluppai • Telugu: sapota, సీమ ఇప్పచెట్టు sima ippacettu

Native of: tropical America

References: Top Tropicals • Dave's Garden • EcoPort • M.M.N.P.D.

Rubiaceae (bedstraw, coffee, or madder family) » Morinda pubescens

mo-RIN-duh -- from the Latin morus (mulberry) and indicus (Indian)

pew-BES-senz or pub-ess-ens -- downy or short haired

commonly known as: morinda, noni, togari wood of Madras • Hindi: आल aal, औछ auch • Kannada: ಮಡ್ಡಿ maddi • Konkani: बारतोंडी bartondi • Malayalam: മഞ്ഞപ്പാവട്ട manjappaavatta • Marathi: बारतोंडी bartondi • Oriya: pindra • Sanskrit: अच्युत achyuta, अक्षिकिफल akshikiphala • Tamil: மஞ்சணாறி manchanari, நுணா nuna • Telugu: మడ్డి maddi, తొగరు togaru • Urdu: togar mughalai

Native to: India, south-east Asia

References: Flowers of India • M.M.P.N.D. • IndFlora • The Trees of Mumbai