Dioscoreaceae (yam family) » Dioscorea bulbifera

dy-oh-SKOR-ee-uh -- named for Pedanios Dioscorides, 1st century Greek pharmacologist

bulb-EE-fer-uh -- meaning, bearing bulbs

commonly known as: aerial yam, air potato, air yam, bitter yam, bulbil-bearing yam, cheeky yam, malacca yam, otaheite-potato , potato yam, shoebutton air potato • Bengali: বনআলু ban alu • Hindi: गैण्ठी gainthi, कदू कन्दा kadu kunda, रतालू ratalu (apt for D. purpurea) • Kannada: ಅಮ್ಬಲಿ ಗೆಣಸು ambali genasu, ಹಮ್ದಿಗೆಣಸು hamdigenasu, ಹೆಗ್ಗೆನಸು heggenasu, ಕುಮ್ಟಗೆಣಸು kuntagenasu, ನೇಗಿಲುಹೊನ್ನೆ negilugonne • Konkani: करंदो karamdo • Malayalam: കാച്ചില് kaacchil, പന്നികിഴങ്ങ pannikizhangu • Marathi: डुकरकंद dukar-kand, कडूकरंदा kadu-karanda, वाराही varahi • Nepalese: गीट्ठा giitthaa, गीट्ठे तरुल giitthe tarul, वन तरुल van tarul • Oriya: pita alu • Sanskrit: आलुकः aluka, वराहीकन्द varahi-kand • Tamil: காட்டுச்சீரகவள்ளி kaatu-c-ciraka-valli, காட்டுக்காய்வள்ளி kaattu-k-kaay-valli • Telugu: అడవి దుంప adavi dumpa

Native to: tropical Africa, China, Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, tropical Australia

References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • IFAS

Black Saturday +day104

The first 100 days

It's been over 100 days since Black Saturday.

The Official Inquiries are now starting. People are looking for answers. It's meant to be winter and the rains are failing again. I read an article on the ABC on failure of radio systems and couldn't help think we are missing the point. This is a complex problem. It's not going to go away soon. It can't be fixed with simple solutions.

So I tried to convey this in the article to a local in St. Andrews but time and a crashing system conspired against me. People are now looking for quick answers that might have averted loss of life. The core of the answer lies at how we manage and relate to the land. A good starting point to read "Radio systems failed on Black Saturday" then proceed to The Aftermath written by scientist Dr. Kevin Tolhurst a Fire ecologist at Melbourne University.

The following is a response to a comment by JC in the article, "Radio systems failed on Black Saturday" from St. Andrews.

Radio systems failed on Black Saturday

"... As a resident of St Andrews, an area hit but seldon mentioned in the wider media, this is but only one of many major failures that are coming to light ..."

I'll agree with the number of mentions of St.Andrews in the media. I've been monitoring the news since Black Saturday and I can count the articles on one hand:

"It was a hell": journalist Hughes tells of miraculous escape

- www.flickr.com/photos/bootload/3268049625

"How we cheated flames of death", Gary Hughes, The Australian, eyewitness from St. Andrews.

- www.flickr.com/photos/bootload/3267819103/

"Dodging a bullet: comedian's story of Black Saturday"

- www.flickr.com/photos/bootload/3349583381/

"Bushfire victim appeals for return of stolen goods"

(ABC News, unattributed)

- www.flickr.com/photos/bootload/3524967634/

This is not surprising though. The fire swept through the entire range starting west up through Humevale to Kinglake West where my Dad survived through Pheasant Creek, Middle Kinglake at the same time hitting Strathewen, St Andrews and Kinglake.

I knew my mates in Strathewen had copped it simply by the lack of coverage. [0] There was simply nobody to talk to. Those that did either had no means or desire to tell their story. The ABC does better. You can find the references to St. Andrews at www.abc.net.au/news/tag/st-andrews-3761/

"... How are those implementing their "Stay and Defend Policy" with inadequate CFA and Radio warnings supposed to implement fully, and how are the emergency services to do their job to the full if their communications equipt dont talk to each other? Listening to the revelations during the web stream of the hearings to date has been shattering. Losing very close friends and colleagues hits hard enough without the additional anger that is now being created around basic level failures. Utterly shameful. ..."

The last major fire to go through the St.Andrews area to memory, was the '62 fires. Far from the memory of most except the oldest of locals. This fire also took houses.[1] [2]

What have we learnt since?

We can have the best technical kit, the best trained CFA members but this will avoid the loss of life we experienced on Black Saturday. What is needed is a total rethink on the way we manage the land. The theoretical framework is there. Kevin Tolhurst, a Fire ecologist based at University of Melbourne, Creswick Campus wrote about the aftermath of the 1939 fires [3] nailed the kind of change in land management that is required. He wrote:

"... Melbourne has two major problems. One is the urban interface, and the other is the water catchment. Melbourne has a significant rural-urban interface, where we see places like Kinglake, St Andrews, the Dandenongs, Pakenham. People like the natural environment, so they want to live close to it, but they are living an urban existence. They are not dependent on that bush, and they don't fully understand it. I think in '39 the people living and working in the bush knew much more about their environment and what they were dealing with. Okay, they didn't have scale and they didn't have communication, but at least they understood the bush. We really need to do to understand the bush. Appreciating it is not enough. The worst case scenario for these people is loss of property and loss of life. ..." [4]

I reflected on this theme back in 2007. On Feburary 16th the 24th anniversary that marked the passing of a school mate and some people I knew in the Panton Hill CFA during Ash Wednesday. [5] This is part of what I wrote:

"... Bush fires are part of life here, a constant threat. If you live around the area long enough there is no way you escape it. I grew up with them as a 4 year old, drawing black pictures in kinder for months after (so my mum tells me). So in the summer it never really leaves your mind, will a fire start this year? ..."

What will be "Utterly shameful" is if the same mistakes are repeated again.

Reference

[0] The lack of news reporting of Strathewen can be seen here ~ www.flickr.com/photos/bootload/tags/strathewen

[1] DSE, Fire and other Emergencies, "Major Bushfires in Victoria",

[Accessed Tuesday May 19, 2009]

www.dse.vic.gov.au/DSE/nrenfoe.nsf/LinkView/E20ACF3A4A127...

[2] I'm not sure about lives. It was reported 32 people lost their lives in the "Dandenongs, The Basin, Christmas Hills, Kinglake, St Andrews, Hurstbridge, Warrandyte and Mitcham".

[3] "ABC", "Black Friday, 1939: The Aftermath Kevin Tolhurst, Fire ecologist based at University of Melbourne, Creswick Campus"

www.flickr.com/photos/bootload/3524967622

[4] ABC, "The Aftermath: The Scientists, Dr. Kevin Tolhurst"

[Accessed Tuesday May 19, 2009]

www.abc.net.au/blackfriday/aftermath/ktolhurst.htm

[5] "2007FEB161323", "The flag flies half mast today, the 24th Anniversary of their passing away on Ash Wednesday, 16th February, 1983 in the hills not far from where I now live."

www.flickr.com/photos/bootload/391658960

next >>>

Click on image to enlarge.

Contributor.author: Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works

Date issued: 1960

Scale: 1:9600

Suburbs: Chadstone, Mount Waverley, Glen Waverley, Wantirna South, Oakleigh East, Clayton, Notting Hill, Mulgrave, Wheelers Hill, Scoresby, Oakleigh South, Huntingdale, Monash University

Subject:

Melbourne Metropolitan Area (Vic.) -- Maps

Melbourne Metropolitan Area (Vic.) -- Road maps

Access rights: Open Access

Identifier: hdl.handle.net/11343/124071

Linked resource: cat.lib.unimelb.edu.au/record=b2475148

Source: Melbourne University

Dioscoreaceae (yam family) » Dioscorea bulbifera

dy-oh-SKOR-ee-uh -- named for Pedanios Dioscorides, 1st century Greek pharmacologist

bulb-EE-fer-uh -- meaning, bearing bulbs

commonly known as: aerial yam, air potato, air yam, bitter yam, bulbil-bearing yam, cheeky yam, malacca yam, otaheite-potato , potato yam, shoebutton air potato • Bengali: বনআলু ban alu • Hindi: गैण्ठी gainthi, कदू कन्दा kadu kunda, रतालू ratalu (apt for D. purpurea) • Kannada: ಅಮ್ಬಲಿ ಗೆಣಸು ambali genasu, ಹಮ್ದಿಗೆಣಸು hamdigenasu, ಹೆಗ್ಗೆನಸು heggenasu, ಕುಮ್ಟಗೆಣಸು kuntagenasu, ನೇಗಿಲುಹೊನ್ನೆ negilugonne • Konkani: करंदो karamdo • Malayalam: കാച്ചില് kaacchil, പന്നികിഴങ്ങ pannikizhangu • Marathi: डुकरकंद dukar-kand, कडूकरंदा kadu-karanda, वाराही varahi • Nepalese: गीट्ठा giitthaa, गीट्ठे तरुल giitthe tarul, वन तरुल van tarul • Oriya: pita alu • Sanskrit: आलुकः aluka, वराहीकन्द varahi-kand • Tamil: காட்டுச்சீரகவள்ளி kaatu-c-ciraka-valli, காட்டுக்காய்வள்ளி kaattu-k-kaay-valli • Telugu: అడవి దుంప adavi dumpa

Native to: tropical Africa, China, Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, tropical Australia

References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • IFAS

Euphorbiaceae (castor, euphorbia, or spurge family) » Mallotus philippensis

mal-LOH-tus -- fleecy, referring to the seed capsule

fil-lip-EN-sis -- of or from the Philippines; also spelled philippinensis

commonly known as: dyer's rottlera, kamala dye tree, monkey face tree, orange kamala, red kamala, scarlet croton • Bengali: কমলা kamala • Hindi: कामला kamala, रैनी raini, रोहन rohan, रोहिनी rohini, सिन्धुरी sinduri • Kannada: ಕುಮ್ಕುಮದ ಮರ kunkuma-damara • Malayalam: ചെങ്കൊല്ലി cenkolli, കുങ്കുമപ്പൂമരം kunkumappuumaram, കുരങ്ങുമഞ്ഞശ് kurangumanjas, നാവട്ട naavatta, നൂറിമരം nuurimaram • Marathi: कपिला kapila, केशरी kesari, शेंदरी shendri • Sanskrit: काम्पिल्यक kampilyaka • Tamil: கபிலப்பொடி kapila poti, குரங்குமஞ்சணாறி kuranku-mañcanari • Telugu:కుంకుమ చెట్టు kunkuma-chettu

Native to: China, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Australia

References: Flowers of India • M.M.P.N.D. • World Agroforestry Centre • Forest Flora of Andhra Pradesh

Leguminosae or Fabaceae s. l. (legume, pea, or bean family) » Mucuna pruriens

myoo-KOO-nuh -- from the Brazilian name for these vines

pruriens -- from Latin prurient, pruriens, present participle of prurire to itch

commonly known as: bengal bean, buffalo bean, cowach, cowage, cow itch, cowhage, hell fire bean, itchweed, itchy bean, Mauritius bean, nescafe, purple jade vine, sea bean, velvet bean, wild itchy bean • Bengali: আলকুশি alakusi • Hindi: जाङ्गली jangali, जड़ा jara, कवांच kavanch. केवांच kevanch, किवांच kivanch, konch • Kannada: ನಸುಗುನ್ನಿ nasugunni • Malayalam: നായ്ക്കുരണ naikkuran • Marathi: कवचकुइरी kavachkuiri, कवचकुइली kavachkuili, कवसकुइरी kavaskuiri, कवसकुइली kavaskuili, खाजरीकुइरी khazrikuiri, खाजरीकुइली khazrikuili • Sanskrit: आत्मगुप्ता atmagupta, कण्डूरा kandura, कपिकच्छ् kapikachu • Tamil: பூனைக்காலி punaikkali • Telugu: దూలగొండి dulagondi, కండూష్పల kanduspala, కపికచ్ఛూః kapikacchuh, pilliadugu • Urdu: جانگلي jangali, جڙا jara

Native to: Africa, India

References: Flowers of India • TopTropicals • Dave's Garden • M.M.P.N.D.

Jeniang, Kedah, Malaysia.

LS of ripe fruit. Solanum ferox L. Solanaceae. CN: [Malay and regional vernacular names and sharing with other similar species such as S. macrocarpon - Terung masam. Terung bulu, Terong asam, Terong Dayak, Terong Iban, Tabanburo, Tarambulo, Sinkade, Tarabi], Hairy-fruited eggplant, Malaysian sunplant, Yellow-fruited nightshade. Native to China, Taiwan, Indian Subcontinent (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka), Indo-China (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam), Malesia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines), Solomon Islands. S. ferox is an unresolved name according to The Plant List, while GRIN and FRIM classify the species name S. ferox as auct.and a synonym to S. lasiocarpum and S. indicum. Many hybrids and cultivars. Some of the cultivated "Domesticum Group" ones are devoid of fuzzy hairs around fruits, reduced prickles on vegetative parts and variable fruit sizes. The specimen is a wild type armed with sharp prickles at its vegetative parts usually found on waste ground. and quite widespread. The fruits are used in sauces and curries and, like those of most of these (eggplant / nightshade borderline) plants, have a sour taste. In traditional medicine the seeds are used to treat toothache by rolling them in a banana leaf, burning them as a cigar and inhaling the smoke. The roots are used to cure wounds, severe bruises, itch, syphilis and to relieve violent pains all over the body. The fuzzy irritating hairs are easily removed by briefly passing over an open fire or rubbed with coconut husk.

Synonym(s):

Solanum indicum L.

Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal

Solanum immane Hance ex Walp.

Solanum ferox auct.

Solanum lasiocarpum var. velutinum Dunal

Ref. and suggested reading:

FRIM Flora Database

www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/tro-29604513

www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/tro-29600277

www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?416240

zipcodezoo.com/Plants/s/Solanum_ferox/

www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/new/Sorting/CATALOGUE/Pt2-A...

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_ferox

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_lasiocarpum

Bombacaceae (baobab family) » Ceiba pentandra

SAY-buh -- Latinized form of the South American name for this tree

pen-TAN-druh -- meaning, five stamens

commonly known as: true kapok tree, white silk cotton tree • Bengali: schwetsimul • Hindi: safed savara, safed semul • Marathi: safeta savara • Sanskrit: shweta shalmali • Tamil: panji tannaku, shalmali • Telugu: tella buruga • Urdu: sambal

Origin: Tropical America

References: Dave's Garden • Zipcode Zoo • Mytho-Fleurs • M.M.N.P.D.

Musa × paradisiaca L.

commonly known as: banana, fig of paradise, plantain • Afrikaans: piesang • Arabic: maouz • Assamese: কলা kala • Burmese: hnget pyaw • Chinese: jiao • Danish: banan • Dutch: banaan • Finnish: banaanit • French: banane • German: banane • Hausa: ayaba • Hindi: कदली kadali, केला kela, पापड़ा papra • Italian: banana • Japanese: banana • Kannada: ಬಾಳೇಹಣ್ಣು baalehannu, ಬಳೆ ಕಾಯಿ bale kaayi, ಕದಳಿ kadali • Kashmiri: केल kela • Khmer: cheek nam'vaa • Konkani: क्यांळे kyaanle • Korean: panana • Laotian: mak guy • Malay: pisang • Malayalam: മഊചം maaucam, വാഴ vaazha • Manipuri: লফূ থরো laphoo tharo • Marathi: कदल kadala, केळ kela • Nepalese: कदली kadali • Portuguese: banana • Russian: banan • Sanskrit: भानुफला bhanuphala, कदली kadali, मोच mocha • Sinhalese: kehel • Spanish: banana • Swahili: ndizi • Swedish: bananer • Tagalog: saging • Tamil: வாழை vaazha • Telugu: అరటి arati, కదళ kadala • Thai: kluai • Turkish: muz • Urdu: کيلا kelaa, موز mauz

References: M.M.P.N.D. • DDSA

Leguminosae or Fabaceae s. l. (legume, pea, or bean family) » Mucuna pruriens

myoo-KOO-nuh -- from the Brazilian name for these vines

pruriens -- from Latin prurient, pruriens, present participle of prurire to itch

commonly known as: bengal bean, buffalo bean, cowach, cowage, cow itch, cowhage, hell fire bean, itchweed, itchy bean, Mauritius bean, nescafe, purple jade vine, sea bean, velvet bean, wild itchy bean • Bengali: আলকুশি alakusi • Hindi: जाङ्गली jangali, जड़ा jara, कवांच kavanch. केवांच kevanch, किवांच kivanch, konch • Kannada: ನಸುಗುನ್ನಿ nasugunni • Malayalam: നായ്ക്കുരണ naikkuran • Marathi: कवचकुइरी kavachkuiri, कवचकुइली kavachkuili, कवसकुइरी kavaskuiri, कवसकुइली kavaskuili, खाजरीकुइरी khazrikuiri, खाजरीकुइली khazrikuili • Sanskrit: आत्मगुप्ता atmagupta, कपिकच्छ् kapikachu • Tamil: பூனைக்காலி punaikkali • Telugu: దూలగొండి dulagondi, కండూష్పల kanduspala, కపికచ్ఛూః kapikacchuh, pilliadugu • Urdu: جانگلي jangali, جڙا jara

Native to: Africa, India

References: Flowers of India • TopTropicals • Dave's Garden • M.M.P.N.D.

Myrtaceae (Myrtle family) » Syzygium cumini

siz-ZY-gee-um -- from the Greek syzygos (joined), referring to the paired leaves

KOO-min-ee -- from the Greek kyminon (cumin)

commonly known as: black plum, damson plum, duhat plum, Indian blackberry, jambolan, jambolan plum, Java plum, Malabar plum, Portuguese plum • Assamese: জামু jamu, ক'লা জামু kala jamu • Bengali: kala jam • Gujarati: જાંબુ jaambu • Hindi: जामुन jamun • Jaintia: dieng sohthongum • Kannada: ನೇರಳೆ nerale • Khasi: dieng ramai • Konkani: जांबुळ jambul • Malayalam: കാട്ടുചാമ്പ kaattucaampa, ഞാവല്‍ njaaval, ഞാറ njaara, പെരിഞാറ perinjaara • Manipuri: gulamchat, jam • Marathi: जांबूळ jambool • Mizo: hmuipui • Nepalese: जामुनु jamunu, फँड़िर् phanrir • Oriya: jamkoli • Pali: जम्बु jambu • Prakrit: जम्वुलो jambulo, जम्मुलो jammulo • Punjabi: ਜਾਮਣ jaman • Sanskrit: जम्बुलः jambulah, मेघमोदिनी meghamodini • Tamil: கொட்டைநாகம் kottai-nakam, நாவல் naval • Telugu: నేరేడు neredu • Tibetan: dzam-bu • Urdu: جامن jaman

Native to: India and Indonesia

References: Flowers of India • Top Tropicals • Dave's Garden • M.M.P.N.D. • DDSA

Moraceae (mulberry family) » Ficus arnottiana

FY-kus or FIK-us from the Latin for Fig

ar-not-ee-AH-nuh -- named for George Arnold Walker-Arnott, Scottish botanist

commonly known as: Indian rock fig, rock pipal, waved-leaved fig tree, wild pipal • Hindi: bassari, palhi, पारस पिपल paras pipal, pilkhan, पिंपली pimpli • Kannada: ಕಲ್ಲ ಅಶ್ವತ್ಥ kalla ashvattha • Malayalam: കല്ലരയാല്‍ kallarayal • Marathi: पायर payar, कडक पाईर kadak payer, पिपळी pipli • Sanskrit: परीस parisah, प्लावक plavaka, प्लवंग plavanga • Tamil: கொடியரசு kotiyarasu • Telugu: కల్లరావి kallaravi, కొండ రావి konda ravi

Native to:India, Sri Lanka

References: Sri Mahabodhiya • Ethnobotanical leaflets • M.M.P.N.D. • ENVIS - FRLHT

Fabaceae (pea, or legume family) » Pterocarpus marsupium

ter-oh-KAR-pus -- from the Greek pteron (wing) and karpos (fruit)

¿ mar-sue-PEE-um ? -- from Latin, for a pouch or a bag

commonly known as: East Indian kino, Indian kino, Malabar kino • Bengali: পিয়াল গাছ piyala gacha • Gujarati: બીયો biyo • Hindi: बिया biya, विजयसार vijaysaar • Kannada: ಹೊನ್ನೆಮರ honnemara • Konkani: असण asan • Malayalam: വേങ്ങ veenga • Marathi: बिबी bibi, बिजा bija, बिवळा or बिंवळा bivala, पालेआसण paale-asan, पापडी papdi • Nepalese: बिजयसार bijaysar, बिजयशाल bijayashal, वन्धूकपुष्प vandhuk pushp • Oriya: bijja, piyasalo, ପିତଶାଳକ • Sanskrit: असनः asanah, बन्धूकपुष्पः bandhukapushpa, जीवकः jivakah, महासर्जकः mahasarjakah, पीतसालकः pitasalakah, प्रियकः priyakah • Tamil: அசனாமிர்த asanaamrta, உதிரவேங்கை utira-venkai, வேங்கை venkai • Telugu: వేగి vegi • Urdu: bijasar, dam-ul-akhwain

Native to: India, Nepal, Sri Lanka

References: NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • ENVIS - FRLHT

Arecaceae (palm family) » Borassus flabellifer

bor-RAS-us -- from the Greek borassos, referring to the date palm's flower spike

fla-BEL-lif-er -- fan-bearing

commonly known as: African fan palm, borassus palm, doub palm, great fan palm, lontar palm, palmyra palm, ron palm, tala palm, tal-palm, toddy palm, wine palm • Bengali: তাল taala • Gujarati: તાડ taad • Hindi: ताड़ taada, ताल tala, त्रृणराज trinaraaj • Kannada: ಓಲೆಗರಿ olegari, ತಾಳೆಗರಿ taalegari, ತಾಟಿನಿಮ್ಗು taatinimgu • Konkani: इरोळ eroal • Malayalam: കരിമ്പന karimpana • Marathi: ताड taada • Sanskrit: महातः mahatah, तलः or तालः talah, तन्तुनिर्यासः tantuniyosah, तृणम्केतुः tranam-ketuh, तृणम्राजः tranam-raj, तृणम् इन्द्रः trnam-indrah• Tamil: பனை panai • Telugu: తాటి చెట్టు tatichettu • Urdu: تاڙ taad

Native to: tropical Asia

References: Flowers of India • Wikipedia • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • DDSA

Myrtaceae (Myrtle family) » Syzygium cumini

siz-ZY-gee-um -- from the Greek syzygos (joined), referring to the paired leaves

KOO-min-ee -- from the Greek kyminon (cumin)

commonly known as: black plum, damson plum, duhat plum, Indian blackberry, jambolan, jambolan plum, Java plum, Malabar plum, Portuguese plum • Assamese: জামু jamu, ক'লা জামু kala jamu • Bengali: kala jam • Gujarati: જાંબુ jaambu • Hindi: जामुन jamun • Jaintia: dieng sohthongum • Kannada: ನೇರಳೆ nerale • Khasi: dieng ramai • Konkani: जांबुळ jambul • Malayalam: കാട്ടുചാമ്പ kaattucaampa, ഞാവല്‍ njaaval, ഞാറ njaara, പെരിഞാറ perinjaara • Manipuri: gulamchat, jam • Marathi: जांबूळ jambool • Mizo: hmuipui • Nepalese: जामुनु jamunu, फँड़िर् phanrir • Oriya: jamkoli • Pali: जम्बु jambu • Prakrit: जम्वुलो jambulo, जम्मुलो jammulo • Punjabi: ਜਾਮਣ jaman • Sanskrit: जम्बुलः jambulah, मेघमोदिनी meghamodini • Tamil: கொட்டைநாகம் kottai-nakam, நாவல் naval • Telugu: నేరేడు neredu • Tibetan: dzam-bu • Urdu: جامن jaman

Native to: India and Indonesia

References: Flowers of India • Top Tropicals • Dave's Garden • M.M.P.N.D. • DDSA

Moraceae (mulberry family) » Ficus virens

FY-kus or FIK-us -- from the Latin for fig

VEER-enz -- meaning, green

commonly known as: grey fig, Java fig, Java willow, sour fig, spotted fig, strangler fig, wavy-leaved fig tree, white fig • Assamese: pakori • Bengali: পাকুড় pakar • Gujarati: પેપરી pepri • Hindi: कमण्डल kamandal, पाकड़ paakar, पाकड़िया paakariya, पर्कटी parkati, पीतन pitan, पिलखन pilkhan, प्लक्ष plaksh, प्लव plav, रामअञ्जीर ramanjir • Jaintia: dieng chiri • Kannada: ಬಸರಿಮರ basarimara, ಕರಿಬಸರಿ karibasari • Khasi: dieng sohpoklaw • Malayalam: ചെറള cherala • Manipuri: চিঙ হৈবোঙ ching heibong • Marathi: लघुपिंपरी laghupimpri, पायर payar, पाईर paiir • Nepalese: safed kabra • Oriya: jari • Punjabi: jangli pipli, palakh, pilkhan • Sanskrit: भिदुरः bhidura, दृढप्रारोहः dridapraroha, हृस्वपर्ण hrasvaparna, जाती jati, मङ्गलछायः mangalachaya, पर्कटी parkati, पीतन pitan, प्लक्षः plaksha, प्लवकः plavaka, शुङ्गिन् shungin,, यवः yavha • Tamil: சிற்றால் chirral, சுவி chuvi, இத்தி itti, கல்லால் kallal, குருக்கத்தி kurukkaththi • Telugu: జువ్వి zuvvi • Urdu: پاکڙيا paakariya

Native to: south China, Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, Malesia, north Australia

References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • eFlora • ENVIS - FRLHT • M.M.P.N.D.

Fabaceae (pea, or legume family) » Tamarindus indica

tam-uh-RIN-dus -- from the Arabic tamar (date), hindi (Indian)

IN-dih-kuh or in-DEE-kuh -- of or from India

commonly known as: camalindo, Indian date, madeira mahogany, sweet tamarind, tamarind • Assamese: তেঁতেলী tenteli • Bengali: আম্লীকা amlika, তেঁতুল tentula, তিন্তিড়ীক tintidika • Gujarati: ખાટી આમલી khati aamli • Hindi: आम्लिका amlika, इमली imli, तिन्तिड़ी tintiri • Kannada: ಹುಣಸೇ hunase • Konkani: चिंच्याम chinchyaam • Malayalam: പുളി puli, വാളന്പുളി valamapuli • Manipuri: মংগে mange • Marathi: अमली amli, चिंच chinch • Nepalese: अमिलि amili, इम्लि imli, तित्रि titri • Oriya: tintuli • Pali: चिञ्चा chincha • Punjabi: ਅੰਬਲੀ ambli, ਇਮਲੀ imli • Sanskrit: आम्लः amalah, अम्लिका or अम्लीका amalika, अम्लम् amlam, अम्लफलः amlaphalah, अम्लवृक्षः amlavrukshah, चण्डः chandah, चरित्रा charitra, चिञ्चा chincha, चिन्तिडी chintidi, चुक्रा chukra, चुक्रम्ला chukramla, गुरुपत्रा gurupatra, महाम्लम् mahamlam, फलम्लम् phalamlam, श्रेष्ठम्लम् shreshtamlam, तिन्तिडः tintidah, तिन्तिडिका tintidika, तिन्तिली tintili, तिन्तिलीका tintilika, वृक्षम्लम् vrukshamlam • Tamil: ஆம்பிலம் ambilam, சஞ்சீவகரணி canciva-karani, சண்டன் cantan, எகின் ekin, எதளா etala, இந்தம் intam, கிஞ்சம் kincam, ஓதிமம் otimam, புளி puli • Telugu: ఆమ్లము amlamu, అమ్లిక amlika, చించ chincha, చింత chinta, తింత్రిణి tintrini • Urdu: املی imlii

Native of: East Africa, Madagascar, South India

... fruits are flattish, beanlike, irregularly curved and bulged pods ... cinnamon-brown or grayish-brown externally when mature ... pulp of the fruit is edible and has medicinal properties

References: Flowers of India • Wikipedia • M.M.N.P.D. • DDSA

New grassland, Royal Park, Parkville, City of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

This observation was made as part of the Larapuna matchstick translocation research project:

pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/mini-beast-renaturing-a-t...

High definition image sensors 1M pixel combined with reprogrammable Virtex6 FPGA that includes a 32bit softcore processor programmed under CPP. All video paths streamed in near realtime. The printed circuit board is designed for high reliability and ease of manufacture. Image sensors and main board curvature are folded into position at a final assembly stage using an inner flex interconnect PCB combined with inner and outer FR4 component layers.

commonly known as: date-sugar palm, Indian wild date, Indian winepalm, silver date palm, sugar date palm, sugar palm, wild date • Arabic: nakhl barrî • Assamese: খাজুৰি khaajuri • Bengali: খর্জূর kharjura, খেজুর khejura • Chinese: ye sheng ci kui, yin hai zao • French: palmier dattier sauvage • German: Indische waldpalme, silber-dattelpalme, tannenpalme, walddattelpalme, wilder dattelpalme • Gujarati: ખજૂરી khajuri • Hindi: खजूर khajur, सेंधी sendhi • Italian: palma salvatica • Kannada: ಈಚಲು ichalu, ಖರ್ಜೂರ kharjura • Konkani: खाज्जूर khajjur • Malayalam: കാടിനൊത്ത kaattiintha, കാട്ടീന്തല്‍ kaattiinthal, നീലന്തെണ്ട് niilanthent • Manipuri: থাঙতুপ thangtup • Marathi: खारीक kharik, खर्जूर kharjur, खर्जूरी kharjuri, शिंद shinda, शिंदी shindi • Nepalese: kandela, taadii • Oriya: khorjurri • Portuguese: tamareira-brava • Punjabi: khajur • Sanskrit: खर्जूरः kharjurh, खर्जूरी kharjuri, नेपाली nepali • Sinhalese: indi • Tamil: ஈந்துபனை inthupaanai, காட்டீஞ்சு kattinchu • Telugu: ఈత ita • Urdu: کهجور khajur

References: M.M.P.N.D. • ENVIS - FRLHT

Bombacaceae (baobab family) » Ceiba pentandra

SAY-buh -- Latinized form of the South American name for this tree

pen-TAN-druh -- bearing five stamens

commonly known as: true kapok tree, white silk cotton tree • Bengali: schwetsimul • Gujarati: સફેદ શીમળો safed shimlo • Hindi: सफेद सावरा safed savara, सफेद सेमुल safed semul, शाल्मलि shalmali • Malayalam: പഞ്ഞിമരം panjimaram, ശീമപ്പൂള siimappuula • Marathi: पांढरी सावर pandhari savar, सफेत सावरा safeta savara • Sanskrit: श्वेत शालमली shweta shalmali • Tamil: பஞ்சித்தணக்கு panji tannaku, ல்மலி shalmali • Telugu: తెల్ల బూరుగ tella buruga • Urdu: سيمل semal, شالملي shalmali

Native to: tropical America

References: Dave's Garden • Zipcode Zoo • Mytho-Fleurs • M.M.N.P.D.

Moraceae (mulberry family) » Ficus virens

FY-kus or FIK-us -- from the Latin for fig

VEER-enz -- green

commonly known as: grey fig, Java fig, Java willow, sour fig, spotted fig, strangler fig, wavy-leaved fig tree, white fig • Assamese: pakori • Bengali: পাকুড় pakar • Gujarati: પેપરી pepri • Hindi: कमण्डल kamandal, पाकड़ paakar, पाकड़िया paakariya, पर्कटी parkati, पीतन pitan, पिलखन pilkhan, प्लक्ष plaksh, प्लव plav, रामअञ्जीर ramanjir • Jaintia: dieng chiri • Kannada: ಬಸರಿಮರ basarimara, ಕರಿಬಸರಿ karibasari • Khasi: dieng sohpoklaw • Malayalam: ചെറള cherala • Manipuri: চিঙ হৈবোঙ ching heibong • Marathi: लघुपिंपरी laghupimpri, पायर payar, पाईर paiir • Nepalese: safed kabra • Oriya: jari • Punjabi: jangli pipli, palakh, pilkhan • Sanskrit: भिदुरः bhidura, दृढप्रारोहः dridapraroha, हृस्वपर्ण hrasvaparna, जाती jati, मङ्गलछायः mangalachaya, पर्कटी parkati, पीतन pitan, प्लक्षः plaksha, प्लवकः plavaka, शुङ्गिन् shungin, यवः yavha • Tamil: சிற்றால் chirral, சுவி chuvi, இத்தி itti, கல்லால் kallal, குருக்கத்தி kurukkaththi • Telugu: జువ్వి zuvvi • Urdu: پاکڙيا paakariya

Native to: south China, Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, Malesia, north Australia

References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • eFlora • ENVIS - FRLHT • M.M.P.N.D.

On Wednesday March 5, 2014 I attended the Marine Education Society of Australia Seaweek Q and A event held at the Sealife Melbourne Aquarium. The event focussed on the question: Are there plenty more fish in the sea? Can we sustain the world's population whilst maintaining the viability of marine fisheries and ecosystems?

On the expert panel were:

Brad Warren from Ocean Watch

Andrew Christie, Lecturer in Aquaculture from NMIT

Dr John Ford from Melbourne University

Alice Wilkins from Melbourne FinFree

Oliver Edwards from GoodFishBadFish

Will Jones from SAFCOL/MESA

The Compere was Sheree Maris, author of Melbourne Downunder

Lythraceae (Lythrum, or loosestrife family) » Woodfordia fruticosa

wood-FORD-ee-uh -- named after E. James Alexander Woodford, botanist and physician

froo-tih-KOH-suh -- meaning, shrubby

commonly known as: dhawai flower, fire flame bush, shiranji tea, woodfordia • Bengali: dawai, dhai, dhai phul • Gujarati: ધાવડી dhavdi, ધાવડીના dhavadina • Hindi: धातकी dhataki, धातृ dhatri, धौरा dhaura, धवइ dhawai, धवल dhawala • Kannada: ತಾಮ್ರಪುಷ್ಪಿ tamrapushpi • Malayalam: tatiripuspi • Marathi: धायटी dhayati, धावडा dhavada • Oriya: dhobo, jaliko, harwari • Sanskrit: अग्निज्वाला agnijwala, धातकी dhataki, धौरि dhauri • Tamil: • Telugu: ధాతక dhataki

Distribution: Madagascar, Pakistan, India, (Yunnan) China, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Indonesia

References: Flowers of India • M.M.P.N.D. • eFlora

Click for an interactive view of the Palmetto Sportsmen's Classic (requires shockwave - a free, one-time, automatic download).

Look closely and you can see the pool where Twiggy the water skiing squirrel preformed. You can also see our largemouth bass in the "Bass Tub." The Bass Tub is operated by professional fishermen who stand on top of a small boat and delight in teaching you how to fish, passing on tips they have learned over the years. They present various types and models of lures so you can see their operation in the water.

Camera: Nikon D100

Lense: AF-S DX Nikkor 18-70 mm f/3.5-4.5G IF-ED

Tripod: Manfrotto

Tripod head: Manfrotto 322RC2 Tripod Head with Nodal Ninja

Photos: 9 + 9 + 9 + 2 = 29 photos (three rows plus zenith and nadir)

Software: Stitched with PTGui (but warped with Panorama Tools); Blended with Enblend plugin; No photoshop (even though this pano probably needs it!); EXIFTool to add the EXIF info from the first photo.

Original Image: 10,000 x 5,000 pixels; 11.5 MB

Maps: Google Earth (requires Google Earth) | Street | Satellite | Hybrid | Nautical | Topo

Mimosaceae (touch-me-not family) » Mimosa pudica

mim-MOH-suh from the word for mimic, because the movement of the leaves

pud-EE-kuh shrinking, closing, modest

commonly known as: humble plant, sensitive plant (Australia), shame plant, sleeping grass, prayer plant, touch-me-not • Assamese: nilajban • Bengali: laajak, lajjabati, lajjavathi • Gujarati: reesamani • Hindi: छुई-मुई chui-mui, लाजवंती lajwanti, lajouni • Kannada: muttidare muni • Malayalam: thottavaadi, tintarmani • Manipuri: ikaithabi, kangphal • Marathi: लाजाळू laajaalu, लाजरी laajari • Sanskrit: khadiraka, lajjalu, namaskaar, namaskaari, raktapaadi, samangaa, shamipatra • Tamil: தொட்டாச்சுருங்கி thottaccurungi, tottalavaadi • Telugu: attaapatti

Native of: Brazil

References: Flowers of India • M.M.N.P.D. • Wikipedia

Moraceae (mulberry family) » Ficus arnottiana

FY-kus or FIK-us from the Latin for Fig

ar-not-ee-AH-nuh -- named for George Arnold Walker-Arnott, Scottish botanist

commonly known as: Indian rock fig, rock pipal, waved-leaved fig tree, wild pipal • Hindi: bassari, palhi, पारस पिपल paras pipal, pilkhan, पिंपली pimpli • Kannada: ಕಲ್ಲ ಅಶ್ವತ್ಥ kalla ashvattha • Malayalam: കല്ലരയാല്‍ kallarayal • Marathi: पायर payar, कडक पाईर kadak payer, पिपळी pipli • Sanskrit: परीस parisah, प्लावक plavaka, प्लवंग plavanga • Tamil: கொடியரசு kotiyarasu • Telugu: కల్లరావి kallaravi, కొండ రావి konda ravi

Native to:India, Sri Lanka

References: Sri Mahabodhiya • Ethnobotanical leaflets • M.M.P.N.D. • ENVIS - FRLHT

Moraceae (mulberry family) » Ficus arnottiana

FY-kus or FIK-us from the Latin for Fig

ar-not-ee-AH-nuh -- named for George Arnold Walker-Arnott, Scottish botanist

commonly known as: Indian rock fig, rock pipal, waved-leaved fig tree, wild pipal • Hindi: bassari, palhi, पारस पिपल paras pipal, pilkhan, पिंपली pimpli • Kannada: ಕಲ್ಲ ಅಶ್ವತ್ಥ kalla ashvattha • Malayalam: കല്ലരയാല്‍ kallarayal • Marathi: पायर payar, कडक पाईर kadak payer, पिपळी pipli • Sanskrit: परीस parisah, प्लावक plavaka, प्लवंग plavanga • Tamil: கொடியரசு kotiyarasu • Telugu: కల్లరావి kallaravi, కొండ రావి konda ravi

Native to:India, Sri Lanka

References: Sri Mahabodhiya • Ethnobotanical leaflets • M.M.P.N.D. • ENVIS - FRLHT

Euphorbiaceae (castor, euphorbia, or spurge family) » Mallotus philippensis

mal-LOH-tus -- meaning fleecy, referring to the seed capsule

fil-lip-EN-sis -- of or from the Philippines; also spelled philippinensis

commonly known as: dyer's rottlera, kamala dye tree, monkey face tree, orange kamala, red kamala, scarlet croton • Bengali: কমলা kamala • Hindi: कामला kamala, रैनी raini, रोहन rohan, रोहिनी rohini, सिन्धुरी sinduri • Kannada: ಕುಮ್ಕುಮದ ಮರ kunkuma-damara • Malayalam: ചെങ്കൊല്ലി cenkolli, കുങ്കുമപ്പൂമരം kunkumappuumaram, കുരങ്ങുമഞ്ഞശ് kurangumanjas, നാവട്ട naavatta, നൂറിമരം nuurimaram • Marathi: केशरी kesari, शेंदरी shendri • Sanskrit: काम्पिल्यक kampilyaka • Tamil: கபிலப்பொடி kapila poti, குரங்குமஞ்சணாறி kuranku-mañcanari • Telugu:కుంకుమ చెట్టు kunkuma-chettu

Native to: China, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Australia

References: M.M.P.N.D. • World Agroforestry Centre • Forest Flora of Andhra Pradesh

Arecaceae (palm family) » Borassus flabellifer

bor-RAS-us -- from the Greek borassos, referring to the date palm's flower spike

fla-BEL-lif-er -- fan-bearing, referring to the leaf

commonly known as: African fan palm, borassus palm, doub palm, great fan palm, lontar palm, palmyra palm, ron palm, tala palm, tal-palm, toddy palm, wine palm • Bengali: তাল taala • Gujarati: તાડ taad • Hindi: ताड़ taada, ताल tala, त्रृणराज trinaraaj • Kannada: ಓಲೆಗರಿ olegari, ತಾಳೆಗರಿ taalegari, ತಾಟಿನಿಮ್ಗು taatinimgu • Konkani: इरोळ eroal • Malayalam: കരിമ്പന karimpana • Marathi: ताड taada • Sanskrit: महातः mahatah, तलः or तालः talah, तन्तुनिर्यासः tantuniyosah, तृणम्केतुः tranam-ketuh, तृणम्राजः tranam-raj, तृणम् इन्द्रः trnam-indrah• Tamil: பனை panai • Telugu: తాటి చెట్టు tatichettu • Urdu: تاڙ taad

Native to: tropical Asia

References: Flowers of India • Wikipedia • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • DDSA

Dioscoreaceae (yam family) » Dioscorea bulbifera ♀

dy-oh-SKOR-ee-uh -- named for Pedanios Dioscorides, 1st century Greek pharmacologist

bulb-EE-fer-uh -- meaning, bearing bulbs

commonly known as: aerial yam, air potato, air yam, bitter yam, bulbil-bearing yam, cheeky yam, malacca yam, otaheite-potato , potato yam, shoebutton air potato • Bengali: বনআলু ban alu • Hindi: गैण्ठी gainthi, कदू कन्दा kadu kunda, रतालू ratalu (apt for D. purpurea) • Kannada: ಅಮ್ಬಲಿ ಗೆಣಸು ambali genasu, ಹಮ್ದಿಗೆಣಸು hamdigenasu, ಹೆಗ್ಗೆನಸು heggenasu, ಕುಮ್ಟಗೆಣಸು kuntagenasu, ನೇಗಿಲುಹೊನ್ನೆ negilugonne • Konkani: करंदो karamdo • Malayalam: കാച്ചില് kaacchil, പന്നികിഴങ്ങ pannikizhangu • Marathi: डुकरकंद dukar-kand, कडूकरंदा kadu-karanda, वाराही varahi • Nepalese: गीट्ठा giitthaa, गीट्ठे तरुल giitthe tarul, वन तरुल van tarul • Oriya: pita alu • Sanskrit: आलुकः aluka, वराहीकन्द varahi-kand • Tamil: காட்டுச்சீரகவள்ளி kaatu-c-ciraka-valli, காட்டுக்காய்வள்ளி kaattu-k-kaay-valli • Telugu: అడవి దుంప adavi dumpa

Native to: tropical Africa, China, Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, tropical Australia

References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • IFAS

Malvaceae (mallow family) » Gossypium hirsutum

gos-SIP-ee-um -- from Latin gossypion, name used by Pliny the Elder to describe cotton

her-SOO-tum -- hairy

commonly known as: American cotton, American upland cotton, Bourbon cotton, common cotton, Mexican Cotton, upland cotton, wild cotton • Assamese: কপাহ kapah • Bengali: কাপাস kapasa, কার্পাস karpasa • Gujarati: કાપસ OR કપાસ kapas • Hindi: कार्पास karpas, कार्पासी karpasi • Kannada: ಹತ್ತಿ hatti • Konkani: कापस kapas, काप्पुस kappus • Malayalam: കാര്‍പ്പാസം kaarppaasam • Marathi: कार्पास karpasa • Nepalese: कपास् kapas • Punjabi: ਕਪਾਹ kapah, ਕੁਪਾਹ kupah • Sanskrit: चित्रदण्डकः chitradandakah, गुडा guda, कर्पासः karpasah, कार्पासी karpasi, कार्पासिका karpasika • Tamil: பருத்தி parutti • Telugu: ప్రత్తి pratti • Urdu: کارپاس karpas, کارپاسي karpasi

Native to, and cultivated in: tropical North and Central America

Introduced, and cultivated in: tropical Old World countries

References: Wikipedia • M.M.P.N.D. • kapasindia • ENVIS - FRLHT • DDSA

Rubiaceae (bedstraw, coffee, or madder family) » Morinda pubescens

mo-RIN-duh -- from the Latin morus (mulberry) and indicus (Indian)

pew-BES-senz or pub-ess-ens -- meaning, downy or short haired

commonly known as: morinda, noni, togari wood of Madras • Hindi: आल aal, औछ auch • Kannada: ಮಡ್ಡಿ maddi • Malayalam: മഞ്ഞപ്പാവട്ട manjappaavatta • Marathi: बारतोंडी bartondi • Oriya: pindra • Sanskrit: अच्युत achyuta, अक्षिकिफल akshikiphala • Tamil: மஞ்சணாறி manchanari, நுணா nuna • Telugu: మడ్డి maddi, తొగరు togaru • Urdu: togar mughalai

Native to: India, south-east Asia

References: M.M.P.N.D. • IndFlora • The Trees of Mumbai

Moraceae (mulberry family) » Ficus arnottiana

FY-kus or FIK-us from the Latin for Fig

ar-not-ee-AH-nuh -- named for George Arnold Walker-Arnott, Scottish botanist

commonly known as: Indian rock fig, rock pipal, waved-leaved fig tree, wild pipal • Hindi: bassari, palhi, पारस पिपल paras pipal, pilkhan, पिंपली pimpli • Kannada: ಕಲ್ಲ ಅಶ್ವತ್ಥ kalla ashvattha • Malayalam: കല്ലരയാല്‍ kallarayal • Marathi: पायर payar, कडक पाईर kadak payer, पिपळी pipli • Sanskrit: परीस parisah, प्लावक plavaka, प्लवंग plavanga • Tamil: கொடியரசு kotiyarasu • Telugu: కల్లరావి kallaravi, కొండ రావి konda ravi

Native to:India, Sri Lanka

References: Sri Mahabodhiya • Ethnobotanical leaflets • M.M.P.N.D. • ENVIS - FRLHT

Cucurbitaceae (pumpkin, or gourd family) » Momordica dioica

mo-MOR-di-ka -- from the word to bite, reference to the seeds which look bitten

dy-oh-EE-kuh -- male and female flowers on separate plants

commonly known as: bristly balsam-pear, prickly carolaho, spine gourd, teasle gourd • Assamese: avandhya, bhat-kerela • Bengali: bhat korola, ghee korola, kankrol • Gujarati: katwal • Hindi: बन करेला ban karela • Kannada: karchi-balli, madahagala gadde • Konkani: फागिल phagil • Malayalam: ben-pavel, erimapasel • Marathi: करटोली kartoli • Rajasthani: bara -karela, kankera, kankoda • Sanskrit: कर्कोटकी karkotaki, कर्कोटी karkoti • Tamil: மெழுகுபாகல் meluku-pakal, பழுபாகல் palu-pakal • Telugu: అడవికాకర adavikakara, ఆకాకర akakara

Native to: south-east Asia

References: Flowers of India • Dave's Garden • M.M.P.N.D. • Flowers of Sahyadri by Shrikant Ingalhalikar

Dioscoreaceae (yam family) » Dioscorea bulbifera L.

dy-oh-SKOR-ee-uh -- named for Pedanios Dioscorides, 1st century Greek pharmacologist

bulb-EE-fer-uh -- bearing bulbs

commonly known as: aerial yam, air potato, air yam, bitter yam, bulbil-bearing yam, cheeky yam, malacca yam, otaheite-potato , potato yam, shoebutton air potato • Bengali: বনআলু ban alu • Hindi: गैण्ठी gainthi, कदू कन्दा kadu kanda, रतालू ratalu (apt for D. purpurea) • Kannada: ಅಮ್ಬಲಿ ಗೆಣಸು ambali genasu, ಹಮ್ದಿಗೆಣಸು hamdigenasu, ಹೆಗ್ಗೆನಸು heggenasu, ಕುಮ್ಟಗೆಣಸು kuntagenasu, ನೇಗಿಲುಹೊನ್ನೆ negilugonne • Konkani: करंदो karamdo • Malayalam: കാച്ചില് kaacchil, പന്നികിഴങ്ങ pannikizhangu • Marathi: डुकरकंद dukar-kand, कडूकरंदा kadu-karanda, वाराही varahi • Nepalese: गीट्ठा giitthaa, गीट्ठे तरुल giitthe tarul, वन तरुल van tarul • Oriya: pita alu • Sanskrit: आलुकः aluka, वराहीकन्द varahi-kand • Tamil: காட்டுச்சீரகவள்ளி kaatu-c-ciraka-valli, காட்டுக்காய்வள்ளி kaattu-k-kaay-valli • Telugu: అడవి దుంప adavi dumpa

Native to: tropical Africa, China, Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, tropical Australia

References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • IFAS

Moraceae (mulberry family) » Ficus racemosa

FY-kus or FIK-us -- from the Latin for fig

ray-see-MO-suh -- in racemes (a type of flower cluster)

commonly known as: cluster fig, country fig, crattock, gular fig, redwood fig • Bengali: উদুম্বর udumbara • Gujarati: ગૂલર goolar, ઉંબરૉ umbaro • Hindi: डूमर dumar, धर्म पत्र dharma patra, गूलर goolar, जन्तु फल jantu phal, पाणि भुज pani bhuj, पुष्पहिना pushp-hina, उदुम्बर udumbara, ऊमरि umari, यज्ञडुम्बुर yajnyadumbur • Kannada: ಅತ್ತಿ ಮರ atti mara • Konkani: ऋम्बड rhumbud • Malayalam: അത്തി aththi • Manipuri: heibong • Marathi: उदुंबर udumbar, उंबर umbar • Nepalese: दुम्री dumrii • Oriya: dimri • Pali: उदुंबर udumbar • Sanskrit: औदुम्बर audumbara, ब्रह्मन्वृक्षः brahanvrkisha, गूलर gular, हेमदुग्धकः hemadugdhaka, जन्तुकाफलः jantukaphalah, जन्तुफलः jantuphalah, जन्तुमती jantumati, कृमिफलः krmiphalah, मशकिन् mashakin, सदाफलः sadaphalah, सौम्य saumya, शीतवल्कः shitavalkah, सुतः sutah, उडुम्बर udumbara, वसुद्रुमः vasudrumah, यज्ञयोगः yajnayoga, यज्ञियः yagniyah • Tamil: ஆனை anai, அத்தி atti, மலையின்முனிவன் malaiyin munivan, உதும்பரம் utumparam • Telugu: అత్తి atti, బొడ్డ bodda, బ్రహ్మమామిడి brahmamamidi • Urdu: ڐومر dumar

Native to: south-east Asia

References: Flowers of India • TopTropicals • Dave's Garden • M.M.P.N.D.

Meliaceae (melia, or mahogany family) » Toona ciliata

TU-nah -- derived from vernacular name of the plant

sil-ee-ATE-uh or sil-ee-AH-tuh -- fringed with hairs

commonly known as: Australian red cedar, bastard cedar, Burma cedar, Indian cedar, Indian mahogany, moulmein cedar, red cedar, toon • Assamese: পমা pama • Bengali: তূণ tun • Hindi: नन्दी nandi, नन्दिक nandik, तुन tun, तुन्न tunna • Kannada: ಬೆಳಮ್ದಿ belamdi • Kashmiri: द्रब् drab, द्रावी drawi, तूनी tuni • Malayalam: ചന്ദന വേമ്പ് candana veemp, ചുവന്ന അകില്‍ cuvanna akil, മദഗിരിവേമ്പ് madagiriveemp, പടുകരണ patukarana • Manipuri: তাইৰেল tairel • Marathi: नांदुरकी nandurki, तुन्न tunna • Mizo: teipui • Nepalese: तूनी tunee, तुनि tuni • Oriya: teipui, mahalimbo • Pali: कच्छक kacchaka • Punjabi: ਚਿੱਟੀ ਸਿਰੀਂਹ chitti sirinh, ਚਿੱਟੀ ਸਰੀਂਹ chitti sarinh, ਦੱਲੀ dalli, ਦਰਲ daral, ਦੋਰੀ dori, ਤੁਣ tun • Sanskrit: कच्छपः kacchapah, नन्दी nandi, नन्दिकः nandikah, तुन्न tunna • Tamil: ஆயில் ayil, மலயப்பூத்துன்னமரம் malaya-p-pu-t-tunna-maram, மதகரிவேம்பு matakari-vempu, தூணாமரம் tuna-maram • Telugu: నందివృక్షము nandivrikshamu • Urdu: نندي nandi, نندك nandik, تون tun, تن tunna

Native to: Afghanistan, China, Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, Malesia, Australia

References: Flowers of India • Wikipedia • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • eFlora • DDSA • efloraofindia

On Wednesday March 5, 2014 I attended the Marine Education Society of Australia Seaweek Q and A event held at the Sealife Melbourne Aquarium. The event focussed on the question: Are there plenty more fish in the sea? Can we sustain the world's population whilst maintaining the viability of marine fisheries and ecosystems?

On the expert panel were:

Brad Warren from Ocean Watch

Andrew Christie, Lecturer in Aquaculture from NMIT

Dr John Ford from Melbourne University

Alice Wilkins from Melbourne FinFree

Oliver Edwards from GoodFishBadFish

Will Jones from SAFCOL/MESA

The Compere was Sheree Maris, author of Melbourne Downunder

Arecaceae (palm family) » Borassus flabellifer

bor-RAS-us -- from the Greek borassos, referring to the date palm's flower spike

fla-BEL-lif-er -- fan-bearing, referring to the leaf

commonly known as: African fan palm, borassus palm, doub palm, great fan palm, lontar palm, palmyra palm, ron palm, tala palm, tal-palm, toddy palm, wine palm • Bengali: তাল taala • Gujarati: તાડ taad • Hindi: ताड़ taada, ताल tala, त्रृणराज trinaraaj • Kannada: ಓಲೆಗರಿ olegari, ತಾಳೆಗರಿ taalegari, ತಾಟಿನಿಮ್ಗು taatinimgu • Konkani: इरोळ eroal • Malayalam: കരിമ്പന karimpana • Marathi: ताड taada • Sanskrit: महातः mahatah, तलः or तालः talah, तन्तुनिर्यासः tantuniyosah, तृणम्केतुः tranam-ketuh, तृणम्राजः tranam-raj, तृणम् इन्द्रः trnam-indrah• Tamil: பனை panai • Telugu: తాటి చెట్టు tatichettu • Urdu: تاڙ taad

Native to: tropical Asia

References: Flowers of India • Wikipedia • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • DDSA

Jeniang, Kedah, Malaysia.

Solanum ferox L. Solanaceae. CN: [Malay and regional vernacular names and sharing with other similar species such as S. macrocarpon - Terung masam. Terung bulu, Terong asam, Terong Dayak, Terong Iban, Tabanburo, Tarambulo, Sinkade, Tarabi], Hairy-fruited eggplant, Malaysian sunplant, Yellow-fruited nightshade. Native to China, Taiwan, Indian Subcontinent (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka), Indo-China (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam), Malesia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines), Solomon Islands. S. ferox is an unresolved name according to The Plant List, while GRIN and FRIM classify the species name S. ferox as auct.and a synonym to S. lasiocarpum and S. indicum. Many hybrids and cultivars. Some of the cultivated "Domesticum Group" ones are devoid of fuzzy hairs around fruits, reduced prickles on vegetative parts and variable fruit sizes. The specimen is a wild type armed with sharp prickles at its vegetative parts usually found on waste ground. and quite widespread. The fruits are used in sauces and curries and, like those of most of these (eggplant / nightshade borderline) plants, have a sour taste. In traditional medicine the seeds are used to treat toothache by rolling them in a banana leaf, burning them as a cigar and inhaling the smoke. The roots are used to cure wounds, severe bruises, itch, syphilis and to relieve violent pains all over the body. The fuzzy irritating hairs are easily removed by briefly passing over an open fire or rubbed with coconut husk.

Synonym(s):

Solanum indicum L.

Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal

Solanum immane Hance ex Walp.

Solanum ferox auct.

Solanum lasiocarpum var. velutinum Dunal

Ref. and suggested reading:

FRIM Flora Database

www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/tro-29604513

www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/tro-29600277

www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?416240

zipcodezoo.com/Plants/s/Solanum_ferox/

www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/new/Sorting/CATALOGUE/Pt2-A...

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_ferox

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_lasiocarpum

proseanet.org/prosea/e-prosea_detail.php?frt=&id=49

Cucurbitaceae (pumpkin, or gourd family) » Trichosanthes cucumerina

try-kos-ANTH-us -- from the Greek trichos (hairy) and anthos (flowers)

koo-KOO-may-ree-nuh -- meaning, related to cucumber - from the Greek kykyon

commonly known as: wild snake gourd • Hindi: जंगली चिचोण्डा jangli chichonda, कड़वा परवर kadva parvar, pudel • Kannada: paduvalakaayi • Malayalam: padavalanga • Marathi: जंगली पडवल jungli padwal, कडू पडवळ kadu padwal, पडोळ padol • Sanskrit: पटोल patola • Tamil: காட்டுப்பேய்ப்புடல் kattuppeypputal • Telugu: అడవిపొట్ల adavipotla, potlakaaya

References: Flowers of India • Wikipedia • M.M.P.N.D.

On Wednesday March 5, 2014 I attended the Marine Education Society of Australia Seaweek Q and A event held at the Sealife Melbourne Aquarium. The event focussed on the question: Are there plenty more fish in the sea? Can we sustain the world's population whilst maintaining the viability of marine fisheries and ecosystems?

On the expert panel were:

Brad Warren from Ocean Watch

Andrew Christie, Lecturer in Aquaculture from NMIT

Dr John Ford from Melbourne University

Alice Wilkins from Melbourne FinFree

Oliver Edwards from GoodFishBadFish

Will Jones from SAFCOL/MESA

The Compere was Sheree Maris, author of Melbourne Downunder

On Wednesday March 5, 2014 I attended the Marine Education Society of Australia Seaweek Q and A event held at the Sealife Melbourne Aquarium. The event focussed on the question: Are there plenty more fish in the sea? Can we sustain the world's population whilst maintaining the viability of marine fisheries and ecosystems?

On the expert panel were:

Brad Warren from Ocean Watch

Andrew Christie, Lecturer in Aquaculture from NMIT

Dr John Ford from Melbourne University

Alice Wilkins from Melbourne FinFree

Oliver Edwards from GoodFishBadFish

Will Jones from SAFCOL/MESA

The Compere was Sheree Maris, author of Melbourne Downunder

Dioscoreaceae (yam family) » Dioscorea bulbifera

dy-oh-SKOR-ee-uh -- named for Pedanios Dioscorides, 1st century Greek pharmacologist

bulb-EE-fer-uh -- meaning, bearing bulbs

commonly known as: aerial yam, air potato, air yam, bitter yam, bulbil-bearing yam, cheeky yam, malacca yam, otaheite-potato , potato yam, shoebutton air potato • Bengali: বনআলু ban alu • Hindi: गैण्ठी gainthi, कदू कन्दा kadu kunda, रतालू ratalu (apt for D. purpurea) • Kannada: ಅಮ್ಬಲಿ ಗೆಣಸು ambali genasu, ಹಮ್ದಿಗೆಣಸು hamdigenasu, ಹೆಗ್ಗೆನಸು heggenasu, ಕುಮ್ಟಗೆಣಸು kuntagenasu, ನೇಗಿಲುಹೊನ್ನೆ negilugonne • Konkani: करंदो karamdo • Malayalam: കാച്ചില് kaacchil, പന്നികിഴങ്ങ pannikizhangu • Marathi: डुकरकंद dukar-kand, कडूकरंदा kadu-karanda, वाराही varahi • Nepalese: गीट्ठा giitthaa, गीट्ठे तरुल giitthe tarul, वन तरुल van tarul • Oriya: pita alu • Sanskrit: आलुकः aluka, वराहीकन्द varahi-kand • Tamil: காட்டுச்சீரகவள்ளி kaatu-c-ciraka-valli, காட்டுக்காய்வள்ளி kaattu-k-kaay-valli • Telugu: అడవి దుంప adavi dumpa

Native to: tropical Africa, China, Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, tropical Australia

References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • IFAS

Moraceae (mulberry family) » Ficus benghalensis var. krishnae

FY-kus or FIK-us -- from the Latin for fig

ben-gal-EN-sis -- of or from Bengal (India); sometimes spelled bengalensis

kr-ISH-nay -- pronunciation attempted, Latinized form of name of Indian diety, Krishna

commonly known as: Krishna's butter cup, Krishna fig • Bengali: কৃষ্ণবট Krishnabat • Hindi: कृष्ण बढ़ Krishna badh, माखन कटोरी makhan katori • Manipuri: ক্ৰিশ্না খোঙনাঙ Krishna khongnang • Marathi: कृष्णवड Krishnavad

Origin: India

References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • Top Tropicals • M.M.P.N.D.

Pedaliaceae (pedalium, or sesame family) » Sesamum orientale

see-SAM-um -- from Latin sesamum borrowed from other languages

or-ee-en-TAY-lee -- of or from the Orient, eastern

commonly known as: bene seeds, beniseed, benne, gingelly, til • Bengali: তিল til • Hindi: gingli, safed til, til • Kannada: yallu • Kashmiri: कुंजद् kunjad, कूंजल् or कूंज्यल् kunjal • Malayalam: ellu, schit-elu • Manipuri: thoiding • Marathi: तीळ or तिल tila • Punjabi: til • Sanskrit: तिल tila • Tamil: சிற்றெள் cirrel, எள் el, எள்ளு ellu, திலம் tilam, yellu cheddi • Telugu: నువ్వులు nuvvulu, నువ్వుపువ్ nuvvupuvvu, తెలిక telika, తిలలు tilalu

Origin: sub-saharan Africa, India

... persistent calyx ... narrowly oblong capsule, 1.5-2.5 cm long, 5-7 mm broad, rounded at base, slightly scabrid, pilose.

References: Flowers of India • M.M.P.N.D. • Wikipedia

Euphorbiaceae (castor, euphorbia, or spurge family) » Mallotus philippensis

mal-LOH-tus -- fleecy, referring to the seed capsule

fil-lip-EN-sis -- of or from the Philippines; also spelled philippinensis

commonly known as: dyer's rottlera, kamala dye tree, monkey face tree, orange kamala, red kamala, scarlet croton • Bengali: কমলা kamala • Hindi: कामला kamala, रैनी raini, रोहन rohan, रोहिनी rohini, सिन्धुरी sinduri • Kannada: ಕುಮ್ಕುಮದ ಮರ kunkuma-damara • Malayalam: ചെങ്കൊല്ലി cenkolli, കുങ്കുമപ്പൂമരം kunkumappuumaram, കുരങ്ങുമഞ്ഞശ് kurangumanjas, നാവട്ട naavatta, നൂറിമരം nuurimaram • Marathi: कपिला kapila, केशरी kesari, शेंदरी shendri • Sanskrit: काम्पिल्यक kampilyaka • Tamil: கபிலப்பொடி kapila poti, குரங்குமஞ்சணாறி kuranku-mañcanari • Telugu:కుంకుమ చెట్టు kunkuma-chettu

Native to: China, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Australia

References: Flowers of India • M.M.P.N.D. • World Agroforestry Centre • Forest Flora of Andhra Pradesh

Apocynaceae (dogbane, or oleander family) » Rauvolfia tetraphylla

Rauvolfia -- honours Leonhard Rauwolf, German physician, botanist and traveller

tet-ruh-FIL-uh -- meaning, four-leaved

commonly known as: American serpentwood, be still tree, devil root, four-leaved devil-pepper, milkbush • Bengali: বড চন্দ্রিকা bar chandrika, গন্ধনকুলী gandhanakuli • Hindi: बडा चन्द्रिका barachandrika • Kannada: ದೊಡ್ಡ ಚಮ್ದ್ರಿಕೆ dodda chandrike • Oriya: patalagarudi • Telugu: papataku

Native to: tropical America

References: eFlora • M.M.P.N.D. • Forest Flora of Andhra Pradesh

On Wednesday March 5, 2014 I attended the Marine Education Society of Australia Seaweek Q and A event held at the Sealife Melbourne Aquarium. The event focussed on the question: Are there plenty more fish in the sea? Can we sustain the world's population whilst maintaining the viability of marine fisheries and ecosystems?

On the expert panel were:

Brad Warren from Ocean Watch

Andrew Christie, Lecturer in Aquaculture from NMIT

Dr John Ford from Melbourne University

Alice Wilkins from Melbourne FinFree

Oliver Edwards from GoodFishBadFish

Will Jones from SAFCOL/MESA

The Compere was Sheree Maris, author of Melbourne Downunder