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A Moroccan man rides a donkey laden with bundles through a
street in Casablanca.
Sophie Freud was born in on August 6, 1924 in Vienna,
Austria. Her father, Dr. Martin Freud, was the oldest son
of Dr. Sigmund Freud, the psychiatrist. Her mother,
Ernestine (Esti) Drucker Freud, came from an affluent
assimilated Jewish Viennese family. Sophie had an older
brother, Walter, born on April 3, 1921 also in Vienna. As
a child Sophie and Walter visited their famous grandfather,
Sigmund Freud, every Sunday with their father. Martin Freud
was born on December 6, 1889 in Vienna. In 1908 he entered
the university to study law. He was an enthusiastic
sportsman and, being politically engaged, had joined a
Zionist movement, 'The Kadimah' (Forward). In 1910 he
joined the Imperial horse artillery, and when World War I
broke out, he volunteered for military service. In January
1915 he was stationed in the Austro-Hungarian province of
Galicia. After being slightly wounded in August 1915, he
was promoted to lieutenant, but was taken prisoner of war.
He was released in 1919.
Ernestine (Esti) Drucker was born on May 21, 1896 in
Vienna to an affluent Jewish family. During World War I,
Esti served as a volunteer Red Cross nurse from September
1914 to January 1915. She then took up speech instruction.
Martin Freud and Esti Drucker met at a party during the
war and corresponded regularly during his imprisonment as a
prisoner of war. On December 7, 1919 they were married in
Vienna. Martin was employed as a clerk in a newly created
bank in Vienna, but having background in law, he became
increasingly involved in his father's investments and
helped manage the publication of his books. In fact he was
in charge of the company, which published Sigmund Freud's
books. Esti Freud began teaching speech techniques for
people with speech impairments and voice disorders and
became a speech, voice and hearing therapist. In 1932, she
became a lecturer and teacher at the Vienna University for
voice and speech techniques.
On March 13, 1938, the German army entered Vienna and
Austria ceased to exist as an independent country. The
Nazis immediately imposed anti-Jewish laws in Austria.
Jews were treated harshly as in Germany and forbidden to
engage in certain forms of commerce. Esti received a
letter from the Department of Education revoking her
teaching contract at the university. The family made plans
to emigrate from Austria. In May 1938, Sophie's parents
received their passports to travel abroad, and on May 14,
1938, Sophie and her mother took the night train from
Vienna to Paris. Sophie's father, who had become estranged
from his wife, left for London on the next day with
Sophie's brother Walter. In the meantime, the persecution
of Dr. Sigmund Freud by the Nazis in Vienna had made big
headlines throughout the world, and in June1938, the
professor and the rest of the Freud family lalso eft for
London.
In Paris, Esti organized a speech and voice rehabilitation
clinic. She enrolled Sophie in the high school Lycee Jean
de la Fontaine. But due to her poor French, Sophie lost a
year's study. To avoid being late to class, she acquired
and learned to ride a bicycle. Esti disapproved to
Sophie's riding the bicycle the 8 miles to and from the
Lycee and gave Sophie the bus fare. Sophie, however, used
the bus fare to pay for parking the bicycle in a garage
close to the school. In May 1940, Sophie heard that the
population from northern France was leaving in a panic
because the Germans had broken through the Maginot Line,
which was the defense line on the French - Belgian border.
On June 8, 1940, two days before Hitler entered Paris,
Sophie and her mother, left Pairs on bicycles and headed
south toward Nice. Esti Freud found work treating
speech-handicapped children, and Sophie continued her
schooling at the Lycee de Nice.
The situation in Nice deteriorated quickly after racial
laws were enacted, and food shortages became acute. Esti
and Sophie sought refuge elswhere. Esti's sisters, Lily
and Marianne (Janne) and their families had previously left
Vienna and immigrated to New York. After Lily succeeded in
obtaining U.S. visas for Sophie and Esti in December 1941,
they left Nice, France for Casablanca, Morocco to await the
actual issuing of their American visas. Esti organized a
school for deaf children and Sophie enrolled in a school
that was organized by the Jewish community since the
state-run high school was closed to Jews.
In September 1942, Sophie and Esti left Casablanca for
Lisbon, Portugal, and on October 23, 1942, they boarded the
S.S. Carvalho Arjuo and sailed to the United States. The
ship docked in Baltimore, MD on November 2, 1942. Nine
days before that date Esti's mother, Ida Drucker, was
deported from Vienna to the Theresienstadt concentration
camp. From there she was deported to Auschwitz death camp
where she perished. Esti Freud continued her work as a
speech therapist in New York, and in 1952, at the age of
56, she received her Ph.D. in speech therapy. Martin Freud
continued to live in London. The two never divorced but
never saw each other again. Walter Freud, Sophie's
brother, also remained in England.
In 1942, at the age of 18, Sophie enrolled in Radcliffe
College, where she majored in psychology. Three years
later, she married a German immigrant, Paul Lowenstein, who
had escaped from a Nazi transit camp in France. Sophie
Freud Lowenstein and her husband Paul are the parents of
three children. Their marriage dissolved after forty
years, in 1980's. Sophie earned her master's degree in
social work at Simmons College in Boston, MA, and her Ph.D.
in social welfare at Brandeis University. She was a
practicing social worker in the field of child welfare and
child-parent guidance. In 1970 Sophie Freud obtained her
Ph.D. from the Florence Heller School for Social Welfare at
Brandeis and went on to become a professor at the School of
Social Work at Simmons College. In 1988, Sophie wrote ''My
Three Mothers and Other Passions'' and in 2007 she wrote
'Living in the Shadow of the Freud Family' based on her
mother's letters and autobiography. She is the book review
editor of the American Journal of Psychotherapy, Professor
Emeritus of Social Work at Simmons College and teaches at
the Brandeis Osher Lifelong Learning Institute program.
Photo Credit: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Sophie
Freud
Each stage is unique, and the shooter has to study the target sequence in order to understand how to shoot the stage. Some are pretty complex!
A student studying in the South Quad on the campus of Eastern Illinois University in Charleston, Illinois on April 24, 2012. (Jay Grabiec)
Rebecca and I went to the library to do homework tonight. I actually got a lot done, despite what it might look like from this picture.
There are a lot of interesting paintings and drawings in the exhibition. One is permitted to take photographs of most of the exhibits. This departure from previous practice is becoming more common.
Our freshwater fisheries biologists recently completed this four-year largemouth bass nest angling study. After completing the second half of the study in natural Ocala Forest lakes, biologists found that individual nest success is not really impacted by bed fishing.
ما تحلىىى الدراسة الا مع مناقشة الاسئلة على الماسنجر ..
wish me luck
TAKEN & EDITED by : AMAL MAQTOOL
The Ganden Sumtsenling Monastery, also known as Sungtseling and Guihuasi (Tibetan: དགའ་ལྡན་སུམ་རྩེན་གླིང་, ganden sumtsenling; Chinese: 松赞林寺, pinyin: Sōngzànlín Sì), is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery situated 5 kilometres from the city of Zhongdian at elevation 3,380 metres (11,090 ft) in Yunnan province, China. Built in 1679, the monastery is the largest Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Yunnan province and is sometimes referred to as the Little Potala Palace. Located in the capital of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, it is also the most important monastery in southwest China.
It belongs to the Yellow Hat sect of Tibetan Buddhism of the Gelukpa order of the Dalai Lama. The Fifth Dalai Lama's Buddhist visionary zeal established the monastery in Zhongdian, in 1679. Its architecture is a fusion of the Tibetan and Han Chinese. It was extensively damaged in the Cultural Revolution and subsequently rebuilt in 1983; at its peak, the monastery contained accommodation for 2,000 monks; it currently accommodates in its rebuilt structures 700 monks in 200 associated houses.
Because of the popularity of James Hilton's novel Lost Horizon (1933), which introduced Shangri-La and is said have been written on an inspirational theme of "the Tibetan Buddhist Scriptures, where human beings, animals, and nature lived in harmony under the rule of a Tibetan", the Chinese authorities changed the name of Zhongdian County to Shangri-La County in 2001, as the city claims to be the source of inspiration for Hilton's novel. The earlier names were – the Zhongdian (建塘镇 Jiàntáng Zhèn) to the Chinese, and Gyalthang (Standard Tibetan: རྒྱལ་ཐང་རྫོང་) to the Tibetans, of the town which has predominantly Tibetan population. The name of the county's capital town was similarly changed from Jiantang to Shangri-la. The ambiance of the town is distinctly Tibetan with prayer flags fluttering, mountains known by holy names, lamaseries and rocks inscribed in Tibetan language with Buddhist sutras.
Reference:
At the hawker centre. Doing homework. I get the feeling there isn't a lot of private space to be had.
Using a microscope, incoming freshman Zainab Syed gets an up-close look at California grunion embryos — seeing the grunions' heartbeat. The Biology Undergraduate Research Scholars Training (BURST) program presented the summer session as part of new student orientation. Photo by Matt Gush
Color Studies in the studio of the artist Paula Heisen, Long Island City NY
paulaheisen.com/paintings/painting01brink.html
iPone 5s
Mancos Public Library, Mancos, Colorado was completed in 2009. Emphasis was on creating a library that would become the hub of the community. Wi-Fi, public computers, outdoor seating and community rooms support this goal.
Group3 Planners created the layout of the library and selected the furniture. The other project team member is Humphries Poli Architects.
Group3 Planners plans and designs libraries. Learn more about Group3 Planners and our other projects at www.group3planners.com
Photos by Group3 Planners
Please don't use this image on websites, blogs or other media without my explicit permission. © All rights reserved
You can see my most interesting photo's on flickr here