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Students studying Central American boa constrictor (Boa constrictor imperator) at Boise State University amphibian and reptile workshop. More information at www.ecosnake.com. Photo by Frank
home studies; Yoga Anatomy
at Pensacola Beach Condominiums, Ranunculus
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Of the thousands of American aircraft shot down during the Vietnam War, well over half were lost to antiaircraft fire—most in the close air support role for troops in contact on the ground. In the latter half of the war, when the North Vietnamese Army switched to a more conventional style of attack using tanks, both the US Air Force and the US Army found that they lacked a decent antitank aircraft. This deeply concerned both services: if a conventional war should erupt in Central Europe with the Warsaw Pact, Soviet forces would employ mass tank attacks, which the Army would be hard-pressed to stop alone, and might require use of tactical nuclear weapons.
With these factors in mind, the USAF commissioned the A-X study in 1967, issuing a requirement for a dedicated ground attack fighter with special emphasis on antitank weaponry and survivability—A-X study groups of the responding companies were asked to review specialized World War II-era antitank aircraft such as the Ilyushin Il-2 Shturmovik and the Henschel Hs 129, both of which employed heavy cannon armament and armor protection. World War II’s top aerial tank killer, German pilot Hans-Ulrich Rudel, was brought in as a consultant.
By 1972, the USAF had narrowed down its prospects to the Northrop A-9 and Fairchild-Republic A-10, both of which had first flown in May 1972. Based on its maneuverability, survivability, and Republic’s reputation for building hardy aircraft (including the P-47 Thunderbolt and F-105 Thunderchief), the A-10 was chosen as the A-X in 1973 and went into full production as the A-10A Thunderbolt II in 1976.
When it entered service a year later, it immediately turned heads. Unlike the sleek “teen fighters” such as the F-15 and F-16 entering USAF service at the same time, the A-10 seemed almost dumpy in comparison, and its slow speed and hideous appearance quickly earned it the moniker of “Warthog,” a name that stuck far more than Thunderbolt II. However, the throwback straight wing and airliner engines hid a superb combat aircraft. The A-10 was built literally around a titanic GAU-8 Avenger 30mm gatling cannon, the largest such weapon ever built in the West, capable of firing 4000 rounds a minute—with each soda-bottle sized round made of hyperdense depleted uranium capable of slicing through tank armor. Firing the GAU-8 put such forces on the aircraft that it would immediately lower the speed, to the point that pilots reported being thrown forward in their straps, while the gun gases were capable of causing compressor stalls. If that was not enough, the A-10 was provided with a dozen underwing hardpoints capable of carrying every bomb in the USAF’s inventory, along with TV-guided AGM-65 Maverick missiles. Laser guided bombs could also be carried thanks to a Pave Penny designator attached to the right side of the fuselage.
Survivability was paramount in the A-10’s design. The cockpit was surrounded by a titanium “bathtub” impervious to cannon rounds below 30 millimeter size—an important consideration given the Soviet Union’s employment of the lethal ZSU-23 self-propelled antiaircraft gun that had wreaked havoc among Israeli forces in the 1973 Yom Kippur War. The high-bypass turbofan engines were mounted high on the rear fuselage, apart from each other to better resist damage, while their placement behind the wing and forward of the twin tails both masked them from ground fire and reduced their infrared footprint. The fuel tanks are protected by foam and two small tanks are designed to keep a small reserve in the unlikely event all four interior fuel tanks were penetrated. Redundancy and simplicity are meant to keep the aircraft aloft even after heavy damage, while the semi-recessed wheels reduce the damage caused by a belly landing. The A-10 was also designed to operate from austere forward bases and be capable of quick turnarounds in combat. Finally, though the straight wing seemed a throwback to World War II, it had been proven by the A-1 Skyraider in Vietnam that a straight wing, combined with comparatively slow speed, made an aircraft very maneuverable. Pilots reported the A-10 to be easy to fly, though difficult on long missions because of the lack of an autopilot.
A-10s were quickly deployed to Central Europe, waiting for the mass Soviet tank attack that would never come. In bad weather common to Europe, it was found that if the A-10 had a weakness, it was its lack of all-weather capability, and given that the aircraft was meant to operate from very low level, this could be a real problem in wartime. There were also concerns that, even with the A-10’s durability, it was still too vulnerable to ground fire and surface-to-air missiles. With the fall of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact in 1989, the USAF saw no purpose for the A-10 and prepared to retire them from service in favor of more F-16s.
The First Gulf War saved the Warthog. Employed in the desert, where weather was less of a problem, the A-10 proved to be devastating to Iraqi tank crews, breaking up attacks on Coalition forces, and inflicting catastrophic damage on the so-called “Highway of Death” north of Kuwait City. Four A-10s were lost during the conflict, none to ground fire. So valuable was the A-10’s long loiter time and massive firepower that US Army commanders informed the USAF that, if the latter service got rid of the A-10, the Army would buy them back. The A-10 would see extensive service in Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq (again). Each time, Warthog units posted mission capable rates exceeding 85 percent. The type’s durability was also proven, with one aircraft coming back during the First Gulf War missing most of its left wing and one engine, and another in the Second Gulf War after complete loss of hydraulics.
With the realization that the only replacement for the A-10 would be another A-10, the USAF in 2008 began upgrading the A-10As in service to A-10Cs, with new wings, autopilot, GPS, “glass” multifunction cockpit, and true all-weather capability in the form of LANTIRN navigation pods. A number of A-10s are used in the forward air control role, with additional radios, as OA-10As, but functionally do not differ from regular A-10s. The type is now intended to remain in service until 2025.
80-0168 first served with the 81st TFW at RAF Bentwaters in Great Britain. When the 81st closed shop at Bentwaters, it was transferred to the 355th TFW at Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona, then retired to the AMARG boneyard in 2000. After 9/11 and the beginning of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, 80-0168 was returned to service to the 355th, where it saw service over Iraq. In 2013, it was decided not to convert 80-0168 to A-10C standard and it was retired for good. The aircraft was donated to the 122nd Fighter Wing (Indiana ANG) at Fort Wayne, where it is displayed at their small airpark off the front gate.
80-0168 wears the current two shades of gray camouflage used by USAF A-10s, which was found to be far more effective over the desert than the green "Europe One" scheme used earlier. It also carries the 122nd's current "IN" tailcode rather than the earlier "FW," and a "Fort Wayne" tail stripe.
As the nickname of the 122nd is the "Blacksnakes," it carries a unique take on the A-10's traditional sharkmouth--a profile of a rattlesnake's head. If it was possible to make the A-10 look any more sinister, the snake's head does it.
I took this photo on a cloudy morning at Fort Wayne in May 2017.
The Center for Advanced Energy Studies is a partnership between the U.S. Department of Energy, Idaho National Laboratory and the state of Idaho through its three public research universities – Boise State University, Idaho State University and University of Idaho.
Learn more at the CAES website: www.caesenergy.org
Study III / acrylics on paper / 2014 / 30 x 40 cm
For inquiries and purchases write at objectos@objectos-misturados.pt
That's me on the couch. Sorry, I can't remember who took this photo.
Indiana Memorial Union
IU Bloomington
Circa 1988
Color Digital
Lifestyle commercial shoot. Product is a Compaq laptop... and maybe a nice, comfy couch? :)
One Travelite 750w/s head with a softbox on camera left over scene, silver reflector on camera right.
My Website: Jerri Photography
My Tumblr Blog: jerriphotography.tumblr.com
Instagram: jerriphotography
I headed out this afternoon as I was sick of being cooped up in the house studying. Anyway, there were a few clouds around so I thought the sunset could have been okay. I left it a bit late to head anywhere other than the city. I didn't want to go to Southbank, Wilson's Outlook or Kangaroo Point as I always seem to go there. Anyway, I headed to the bottom of kangaroo Point cliffs as I had never been there! As you can see it was a pretty un-interesting sunset, but I managed to snap this 7 shot panorama.
Canon 5D Mark II
17-40 @ 17mm
ISO100 f/16 10sec
7 images stitched and cropped at 1:3 ratio
Lee 0.3 Hard Grad
Study Group 17 Meeting, April 2015.
Mr. Heung Youl Youm, SG17 Vice-Chairman; Mr. Chaesub Lee, TSB Director; Mr. Martin Euchner, SG17 Advisor.
©ITU/D.Woldu
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Armando Cuellar grew up in Weslaco, Texas during The Great Depression and like so many others during that period, was no stranger to severe poverty. As I painted Studying Late, I remembered the Armando Cuellar, M. D. that I knew who was a medical doctor, serving the needs of a large segment of the population of his Mid-Valley hometown. Dr. Cuellar was also a devoted volunteer for the Boy Scouts of America in his community. Dr. Cuellar is what America is all about.
The small one or two room dwelling is without insulation and serves the needs of a large family. It sits on the edge of town or in a rural setting. Cooking and washing are done outdoors. The children ride the school bus to school each day but most will grow up to be day laborers or farm workers. A few will spend some time in prison and a few more will die before they are forty years of age. Studying Late is done with those few in mind who grow up to overcome their environment and take over the reigns of leadership. Another little boy comes to mind.
As manager of the Sherwin Williams Paint Store which had a large selection of artist’s supplies and one of the few people in Weslaco, Texas with a Bachelor’s Degree in Art, it was me who was selected to solve a certain community problem. I can’t even remember the young boy’s name now, but I remember the day a farmer brought him in to my store with his drawings. The boy was perhaps eleven years old, but his drawings, done with ballpoint pen on any kind of paper or cardboard he could find, were better than most artists or architects could do. I stood there looking into the face of a genius and had no idea what to do.
He went home that day with a complete set of artist’s paints, brushes, pencils and paper and with a promise of all the art supplies he needed. I wondered how he would make the transition from black (sometimes blue) and white to color. I’ve known talented artists who were handicapped by an inability to work in color. A few weeks later I was rewarded with living proof that color would not be a problem for this young man.
After meeting with the local architect, it was determined that the young man would come to work for him after school each day. The architect would give him jobs to do and would pay him exactly what he could earn driving a tractor on the farm. As he became comfortable with the architectural setting, he would be given some drawing and blueprint work to do. It was the perfect solution.
About a week later the young man came with his father to the store to tell me that he would no longer work for the architect. He felt that since he had been born to the farm it was the will of God that he drive the tractor and work on the farm. He agreed to continue to draw and paint after work. When the left I went to the back of the store and cried.
Some time later I heard that he moved to Austin, Texas and was painting portraits, working out of a Gallery called the Farmer’s Market. How appropriate, I thought. As I painted Studying Late I also thought of that young man so long ago.
Have so many reasons to choose Study Box as your study space.
Check out the seat no before you choose your preferred seats :)
Today this is what ill be doing, visiting the In-Laws & bringing my study along with me. Dedication!
...a big Christmas tree outside the law school on Karl Johan's gate in Oslo. Law students are privilaged to have prime real estate on the main street in downtown Oslo right between the Parliament building and the King's Castle.
My wide angle fit everything in one frame and the distorsions are lovely. It had just snowed so everything was white and nice.
Having rearranged things today I think that I have finally run out of space for pictures on the study wall.