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the stripes theme is dragging beyond 7 days around here, but that's fine, it feels valid anyway, to me. this is on fabriano, I am really learning how watercolour sits on different papers in these warm ups and abstract studies.
Detail of the eccentric crank on AT&SF 4-6-2 #1316 awaiting repair at Texas State Railroad shop near Rusk, TX.
The Erasmus University in Rotterdam. I was right next door at the HES for my studies, but often went for lunch at the university. Cheap, yet nice food ;-)
The sculpture you see here is unnamed, but people tend to call it 'Petri's Eggs', after the artist Petri who designed this work of art. It is a popular place to have your picture taken when you graduate or get married with a person you met at university!
UPDATE: the sculpture has been removed due to its bad maintenance status...
For more images of Rotterdam, please visit my new website www.manhattanofeurope.com.
Herman Hess had a quote that said something like, "If sensuality had a soul, out of that art would be born." This is my first study of the Birth of the Sensual Soul done in acrylics. Original was 30 x 40. Prints will be available on my Etsy page.
Senior Michelle Bologna and Graduate student Will Smith take a quick break from studying in the Union to watch a music video. Bologna, a double major in International Studies and Spanish worked on editing her senior thesis while Smith, a history major, typed a 15 page paper.
he's my study-buddy. :) of course I'd prefer to cuddle with a bestie guy friend than with a chair and half a dog. :P but I definitely don't mind this for now. :)
Maitland, N.S.W., June 1950 flood
15/9/1950[?]
From the collections of the
State Library of New South Wales
This image can be used for study and personal research purposes. Please observe copyright and acknowledge source of all photos. If you wish to reproduce this image for any other purpose you must obtain permission by contacting Maitland City Library
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Case Study: Bait al Azani
Bait Al-Azani is a very old, established village of around 2,700 people. It is a high altitude village, producing sorghum, maize, beans, qat, tomatoes and potatoes under irrigation and rearing cows and sheep. Some rainfed crops are grown, but the area is suffering from drought and is vulnerable to soil erosion and floods. The agricultural resources are not enough to meet the needs of the population; up to 60% households have employment outside the village.
The village was mined around 1980 during the conflict between north and south. The presence of both anti-vehicle and anti-personnel mines brought insecurity and accidents including several deaths and loss of livestock. Bait Al-Azani was classified as a low impact village in the LIS. Two male survivors were met; one injured in 1982 the other in 2000. Both were interested in compensation and medical treatment.
Village services and communications are reasonably good and the village is within medium distance of a market in the district centre. A strong local cultural association, founded by members of the village, played a useful role in facilitating the work of the demining teams. Demining was carried out in 2004 and 2006, but some un-cleared areas still remain. One incident occurred after 2000, but none since the start of demining. Mine clearance was said to have saved lives and made people feel safer, but they still experience some fear. The main benefits have been the opening of roads and increasing the area for animal grazing, collection of firewood, fodder and stone. No one has yet planted on the cleared land.
The opportunities identified for the demined land, were a water supply project to extend irrigation and ploughs to cultivate the land. Another idea was for a community project such as a sports ground or garden. Road safety could be improved through warning signs, bridges and pavements. They would like demining of the whole affected area. For the wider village, a drinking water project was prioritised. Other ideas were a medical unit, a mosque, renovation or construction of a school, especially for girls; a literacy campaign and extension centre.
Benefits and impacts of demining for the women of Bait Al-Azani
What assets have been made available by mine clearance?
Roads for cars, pastures for animal herding, fuel and areas for cutting wood, fodder collection, stones
Who is using the freed assets?
Most freed assests are used by the entire community. However, only 3-4 houses have use of the new areas for cutting wood and gathering fuel; the land from which stone is gathered is privately owned and only the landowners are allowed to collect stones from it.
What is the freed asset used for?
The road makes communication with other villages and access to urban centers much easier. While the grazing land is used by all households of the village to graze their sheep, cows and goats. Wood and other fuels are used for cooking, fodder is fed to animals, and stone is used in house construction.
What is the socio eco-nomic return from use of the freed assets?
The new road has resulted in residents feeling much more secure. The previous road was narrow and dangerous.
Since stones and fuel are now available in much greater quantities locally, the village is less reliant on products from outside the village. Households thus save money by paying lower prices locally.
Text for page 26:
Bani Bahlool District, Sana’a Governorate, Joab
Joab is a medium-sized, high altitude village of approximately 5000 people (about 400 households). Of these 1000 are old, 2000 middle aged and 2000 children. Approximately 90% are classified as poor. All are farmers (even if they have other jobs). 200 are in the military and another 100 have other employment (e.g. school teachers etc).
The village is an agricultural village, despite being only half an hour from Sana’a. Only 10% of the villagers have salaried employment; the rest are land/livestock owners and/or laborers (working for cash) or share-croppers (working for a proportion of the production). Agriculture is limited by lack of water and, previously, by the presence of landmines. No production problems with either crops or livestock were reported. Both animals and crops are important, with crops being predominant. Only 30% of staple food needs come from their land and the remaining 70% is purchased.
Crop land (including that in the cleared/mined mountain areas) has private land titles that go back over generations and each person knows his land. Grazing area is communal. Thus all have access to grazing land, but only a portion to crop land. Surprisingly, 10% of the households own all the large livestock.
The village is a medium impact village according to the Landmine Impact Survey score. Of the 7 minefields, 2 are cleared, one is in the process of clearance, 4 are yet to be started. Village people themselves cleared some of the mined land (they had no training), and made tracks through that land to get to terraced crop land.
Benefits of demining for the farmers of Joab
Land:
Land cleared by de-mining is now 100% in use. It is being used for farming, herding, cutting wood for fuel, and gathering stone. The village as a whole reported Savings on the cost of fodder for 2000 head of live-stock, a 30% savings on the cost of cereals, 10% savings on the cost of fuel wood, and general savings on butane gas which it was no longer necessary to purchase in large quantities due to the availability of fuel wood.
Water:
De-mining has freed much needed water resources. The newly freed resources are being used by the entire village for drinking water for animals and people as well as irrigation of agricultural land. Villagers credited the additional water resources with dramatically improving in the quality of livestock and crops.
Roads:
The ability to use the roads has dramatically reduced the loss of life among livestock. In the past herders use to herd their animals through narrow, mine free paths. Livestock often wondered off the path and were killed by mines as a result. Additionally, the roads have made it much easier to transport stone, giving the stone cutting industry a significant boost.
An infographic designed to clarify the different kinds of clinical studies researchers use, to explain why researchers might use them, and to touch briefly on each type’s strengths and weaknesses.
More information: www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-com...
Credit: National Institutes of Health
It's fanart! If you have never read Kazimir Strzepek's The Mourning Star, you're missing out. This is Memmori (Thanks for reminding me!) but I'm not sure even how close to accurate her outfit is, because somebody has my graphic novel of it and I was looking at some stray minis I have of his. Still, neat!
Type: Photographs
Date: 1890
Image ID: RU 31 Box 12 Folder 17
Description: Wilson A. Bentley first became fascinated with snow during his childhood on a Vermont farm, and he experimented for years with ways to view individual snowflakes in order to study their crystalline structure. He eventually attached a camera to his microscope, and in 1885 he successfully photographed the flakes. This photomicrograph and more than five thousand others supported the belief that no two snowflakes are alike, leading scientists to study his work and publish it in numerous scientific articles and magazines. In 1903 Bentley sent prints of his snowflakes to the Smithsonian, hoping they might be of interest to Secretary Samuel P. Langley.
Persistent URL:Link to data base record
Repository:Smithsonian Institution Archives
Muscles of the Lower Extremity Anatomy Visual Guide
This is part of a photographic atlas I created as a laboratory study resource for my BIOL 121 Anatomy and Physiology I students on the muscles of the lower extremity and their actions.
Credits: All photography, text, and labels by Rob Swatski, Professor of Biology, Harrisburg Area Community College - York Campus, York, PA. Email: rjswatsk@hacc.edu
Studying Anatomy and Physiology? Check out my Survive and Thrive in Anatomy & Physiology series of A&P textbooks! I wrote and illustrated these books to help biology and healthcare students succeed in A&P! Available in paperback, e-book, and Kindle.
Available for purchase on my website and Amazon: robswatski.com/
Biology Core Concepts - Chemistry and Cells (Book 1): a.co/d/0ijoG8Jv
The Histology Comic Book (Book 2): a.co/d/09BADvyS
The next book in the series, focusing on the skin, skeleton, and muscles, will be available in Late Spring/Early Summer 2026!
The economic benefits of mine clearance in Yemen far exceed the total cost of demining.
Case studies illustrating how individual areas gained from demining:
Am-Jarba (Lahij governorate): The minefield was in the middle of an urban area. After demining in 2005, people started utilizing the area for building houses, as a road, a playground and for herding animals. The land is privately owned, and the landlords have plans for building houses, with a rental value of 3 million YR per year. This can be compared to the landmine clearance and land release costs of US$104,085 (20.4 million YR), suggesting that the costs would be covered after about 7 years.
Al-Farsi (Aden governorate): The main beneficiary of clearance, is a large housing estate (2,600 houses) under construction for the Aden Refinery Company, with an estimated value of $US11 million. This compares with an estimated landmine clearance and land release cost of US$382,994, which is only 3.5% of the value of the completed houses and facilities. Without landmine clearance the houses could not have been built.
Al-Qafleh (Al Dhale governorate): Since the access roads have been made safe, 20 terraces of qat have been estab-lished, with a net income of about 7 million YR per year. This compares with an estimated landmine clearance and release cost of US$196,007 (38.4 million YR), which suggests that the total cost of clearance and land release would be covered by 5-6 years of good qat crops.
Al-Jafinah (Sana’a governorate): 30 families have benefited from cultivating approximately 5,000 libna (approximately 22 hectares of cleared land). The value of the land before demining was 25,000$ but after demining it increased to $1.25 million before development, while the value of developed land was around $3.75 million. The estimated net income from growing grapes and qat on this land is around $75,000 per year. This compares to the combined landmine clearance and land release costs of $125,234. Thus the cost of clearance and land release could be recouped after 2 years.
Al-Sharaf (Dhamar governorate): All 7 families in Al-Sharaf have benefited from using the cleared land (around 25% of the total village cultivable land) for grazing their animals. They also collect stones from the land for house construction. Two small areas, formerly the site of the army camp, are cultivated by two households, with an estimated gross value of food crop production of approximately 54,000 YR or US$276. If the community could (by itself or with help from YEMAC) overcome their fear of culti-vating the rest of the cleared land, the annual gross income from crops alone could potentially be around 2,700,000 YR or US$13,776, compared with costs of clearance of US$9,667.
Bait Al-Ra’aee (Ibb governorate): The net revenue from cutting stone is considerable (960,000YR per year), and has been of benefit to the majority of households in the village. This revenue compares to the estimated cost of landmine clearance and release of US$7521 (1.47 million YR). This suggests that two years revenue from stone cutting would pay for the combined clearance and land release costs.
Page 24:
Demining also created opportunities for follow-on investments in housing and land improvements for agriculture in a number of other communities, as is illustrated in the graphs on the original page pictured above. The economic returns from demining (either alone or in combination with follow-on investments) vary widely among communities, but in some cases are extremely high. A convenient way of summarizing the economic benefits is to calculate the internal rate of return (IRR – roughly equivalent to the annual rate of interest earned on an investment). IRR’s results for demined communities range from 66.8% to minus 0.4% (weighted average of 19.9%).
These are very solid rates of return, and it must be emphasized that they represent only a partial accounting of the benefits stemming from demining – for example, they do not include the important benefits of (i) reduced landmine deaths and injuries and (ii) an enhanced sense of security for residents in these communities. The size of the costs and benefits also varied significantly among communities. Of the communities for which we were able to do a full cost-benefit analysis, the benefits were particularly large in Al-Jafinah.
The net economic benefits (i.e. after deducting the costs of demining and the follow-on investments) accruing from these four communities amount to almost $3.5 million. This represents about 41% of total demining costs for the 25 communities included in the survey. Based on this very partial accounting, the total benefits stemming from Yemen’s demining program almost certainly exceed the costs by a wide margin.
The most straightforward example is from Al- Jafinah, in Sana’a Governorate where an investment in demining of about $125,000 led to an increase in the market value of the land of $1,225,000. It also created the opportunity for follow-on investments in the range of $1.25 to $1.7 million to develop the land for crops (qat and grapes). These follow-on investments led to a further increase of $2.53 million in the market value of the land.