View allAll Photos Tagged replacing
Replacing an earlier scanned photo with a better version, plus Topaz DeNoise AI 03-Aug-24.
Named: "Steponas Darius".
Originally ordered by Air Florida as N85AF, the order was cancelled due to financial problems. It was first flown as N4569N in Jun-82 and stored at Boeing Field.
The aircraft was delivered to Alaska International Air in Dec-82 and leased to Western Air Lines on delivery. It was sold to the First Security Bank of Utah in Jun-85 while the lease to Western continued.
Western Air Lines was merged into Delta Air Lines in Apr-87, the aircraft continued in service until it was returned to FSBU in Jan-95 and stored at Marana, AZ, USA.
In Jul-95 it was sold to Lithuanian Airlines as LY-BSD. The aircraft was withdrawn from service and stored Vilnius, Lithuania in early 2008. It was broken up there in Jun-08.
Review LG LED IPS Monitor 23MP65HQ (LG 23EA63V replaced) An Phat PC by dtien87 ductien daoductien - www.anphatpc.com.vn
if you should receive requests with the email ppdiana65@gmail on this page of mine it is not me
Someone has replaced my entry email pablobzfitv@ etc with their own PAOLO CARLI
now I won and chased away the hacker!!!
ora ho vinto scacciato l'hacker!!!
We are replacing the chain link fence with a real wooden fence and I saw online how people converted their metal chain link posts into wooden fences. I tried that on the side of the House but the metal posts are just to short and the fence is kind of wobbly. Not to mention that we are next door to a day care center and the kids like to run and push against the fence. Last thing I need is that thing falling on their heads. So I will have to actually rip out the entire old chain link fence and put down new 4 x 4 wooden posts for the new fence to make sure it's solid.
Replaced the Victor L. Schlaeger in 2011 and was the first new fireboat for the city in sixty years.
2014.07.25-19.18.49
Shining silver broach - object with replaceable photo film.
made from PVC, magnets, diodes and replaceable photo film.
Store #2121's replacement is this modified KFC, across the street. Number 2121's property is going to be the site of a Commerce Bank.
Here is the Bing.com bird's eye view of this building, when it was closed as a KFC but not yet open as Taco Bell. It was in that awkward in-between stage. LOL
www.bing.com/maps/?FORM=Z9LH8#JndoZXJlMT02NTkxK0pvaG5zb24...
Be sure to hit "Bird's Eye" view and you'll be able to see the old TB #2121 across the street, to the north and east, which this one replaces.
YKA osprey wagon use to carry 60 foot rail panel without the need to strap them down built in the 1950's as a salmon flat it has had it's vacuum brakes replaced with air and fitted with more modern bogies seen at Denmark hill station as part of the 10.00 Hoo junction to whitemoor passing Denmark hill at 11.06 running to time
Copyright John G. Lidstone
These will not be together for more than a few days - 3392 (P262 FPK) is one of the buses that the new Optare Versas will replace, seen just after a soap wash and scrub, and a wash-off.
So it is time to replace the furniture in your home and update the look. The trouble is that you actually do not know the best ways to begin. Well, you have come to the right area then. The following post will introduce to you all the ideas you need when trying to find furniture for you home.
Be aware of the sorts of wood your furniture is usually made from. Different sorts of wood have different qualities, so the very same piece of furniture made from one sort of wood could be a great deal sturdier when made from a different sort of wood. This can also cause a bigger price tag too.
Make use of social media to find great bargains on furniture. There are lots of online yard sale pages on Facebook where you can find delicately used furniture at a small fraction of the rate of new furniture. Search for yard sale groups in your area and begin trying to find the best piece of furniture.
When you see something you like, wait to buy it for at least 24 hours. If it's not the last item in stock, you have the time. You need to go home and see if the piece you're considering would work in your space, and whether you actually want to spend the money. Waiting will help.
Don't permit yourself to fall in love with a piece of furniture before you've reviewed the special care guidelines. A lot of charming creations have crazy upkeep that can make having them a full duty. Make certain washing, stain removal, polishing and preservation are all reasonably accomplished for the way of living you lead.
The thrift shop is the place to pop some tags! Maybe you have never checked out one, or it has been a while since you went to one. There can be wonderful furniture finds at thrift establishments. You probably could just find pieces that are smaller, but often they have huge items like couches.
Don't buy major furniture on the spur of the moment. These are pieces that you'll be coping with for a long period of time, so it's crucial that you do your homework before acquiring. Look at numerous alternatives and take the pieces as you would in your home. Even bring in a textile or paint swatch to compare the furniture with the colors currently in your home. You'll then be more confident in your decision.
Consider getting maintenance products for both your indoor and outdoor furniture. Indoor and outdoor furniture experience different conditions and are prone to different sort of damage. For instance, you could need special finishes to secure your outdoor furniture from rain or upholstery cleaner for your indoor pieces. By keeping the correct products around, your furniture can look wonderful for a long period of time, no matter if they're inside or outside.
When searching for a sofa, pick one that has a neatly aligned pattern. Some low-cost couches will have patterned textile that doesn't line up correctly. Nonetheless, if you are looking at a pricey sofa, the pattern must line be perfectly aligned. Don't hesitate to move on if you find tailoring errors on a costly sofa.
Know the return policy before getting furniture. Plenty of things can take place as soon as you get that furniture home. It may not match at all. There could be some sort of issue that took place during transport. The sizing could be all off. Before you get to that point, know what alternatives you have. It'll minimize the anxiety.
When acquiring a leather sofa, examine its base really carefully to see if the leather is dyed equally everywhere. If you see some white gauze under the sofa, it is made out of vinyl. A real leather sofa must be equally dyed, even under the sofa and between the cushions.
If you are buying an entire room of furniture, ask about quantity discount rates. Lots of establishments will offer them. If they are not willing to discount the price, ask if they will throw in small extras, like a lamp or end table, to make the deal a better one.
Ask around to locate a furniture warehouse, where staff are offered a commission based on what they sell. Typically these individuals have the ability to offer you better deals to urge you to complete a sale. As an example, they could couple two pieces together and offer you a particular percentage off if you get both of them.
When getting furniture, consider your needs for the future too. If your family is expanding or you have active youngsters, it is better to get something that can take some abuse and is easy to clean. Delicate furniture is not a sensible selection for a family with kids so don't waste your money by getting something that won't match the needs of your family.
Find out the best ways to appropriately clean up a spill on your microfiber furniture. To start with, blot the spill with absorbent paper towels. Wash the area taking a mild soap solution. Make certain to rinse it off and pat it dry. Finally, take a dry brush to brush the area in the same direction as the nap.
A wonderful idea for picking furniture is to stay clear of acquiring things in pre-packaged sets. While you could assume you are getting a terrific deal when getting a matching sofa, loveseat and chair, the total impact in your final room will look rather bland and uninteresting. Instead, try to buy individual pieces that look excellent when put together with your other items so regarding develop a special style that nobody else can replicate.
Find out what you want from a sofa before you in fact go to acquire one. If you would have a preference for a firm sofa, it would be smart to get one with standard coiled springs. If you are trying to find a softer sofa, make certain to get one that has zigzag coils.
As you can see, it is actually easy to update the look of you home. Although the task could seem a little frightening in the beginning, if you follow the help and advice that was provided for you here, your close friends will be talking about your house for days. In addition you will be filled with pride knowing that you paid less for it then it looks. magnificentlymodern.com/
General Air Conditioning replaced the air ducts in our attick and replaced the registers in our home today. It took several hours so Darek and I spent a lot of time outdoors and avoiding them. Ozmo & Kitty kept a close watch on the workers.
Darek is still fighting a cold and called out sick at work today.
Replacing an earlier scanned print with a better version 25-Feb-19, plus topaz DeNoise AI 21-Feb-25. Taken on a very dull late afternoon through tinted glass.
First flown with the Embraer test registration PT-SUG, this aircraft was delivered to SkyWest Airlines as N205SW in Dec-91.
It was sold to Bill Davis Racing as N223BD in Feb-03. In Nov-09 it was sold to Sahara African Aviation (South Africa) as ZS-PBT.
The aircraft was leased to Mocambique Expresso between May-10/Jan-11. It's believed to be still operational with a private owner. Updated (Feb-19).
(•) – The Lockheed Martin HC-130J Hercules The Combat King II is the U.S. Air Force's only dedicated fixed-wing personnel recovery platform and is flown by the Air Education and Training Command (AETC) and Air Combat Command (ACC). This C-130J variation specializes in tactical profiles and avoiding detection and recovery operations in austere environments. The HC-130J replaces HC-130P/Ns as the only dedicated fixed-wing Personnel Recovery platform in the Air Force inventory. It is an extended-range version of the C-130J Hercules transport. Its mission is to rapidly deploy to execute combatant commander directed recovery operations to austere airfields and denied territory for expeditionary, all weather personnel recovery operations to include airdrop, airland, helicopter air-to-air refueling, and forward area ground refueling missions. When tasked, the aircraft also conducts humanitarian assistance operations, disaster response, security cooperation/aviation advisory, emergency aeromedical evacuation, and noncombatant evacuation operations.
Features
Modifications to the HC-130J have improved navigation, threat detection and countermeasures systems. The aircraft fleet has a fully-integrated inertial navigation and global positioning systems, and night vision goggle, or NVG, compatible interior and exterior lighting. It also has forward-looking infrared, radar and missile warning receivers, chaff and flare dispensers, satellite and data-burst communications, and the ability to receive fuel inflight via a Universal Aerial Refueling Receptacle Slipway Installation (UARRSI).
The HC-130J can fly in the day; however, crews normally fly night at low to medium altitude levels in contested or sensitive environments, both over land or overwater. Crews use NVGs for tactical flight profiles to avoid detection to accomplish covert infiltration/exfiltration and transload operations. To enhance the probability of mission success and survivability near populated areas, crews employ tactics that include incorporating no external lighting or communications, and avoiding radar and weapons detection.
Drop zone objectives are done via personnel drops and equipment drops. Rescue bundles include illumination flares, marker smokes and rescue kits. Helicopter air-to-air refueling can be conducted at night, with blacked out communication with up to two simultaneous helicopters. Additionally, forward area refueling point operations can be executed to support a variety of joint and coalition partners.
Background
The HC-130J is a result of the HC/MC-130 recapitalization program and replaces Air Combat Command's aging HC-130P/N fleet as the dedicated fixed-wing personnel recovery platform in the Air Force inventory. The 71st and 79th Rescue Squadrons in Air Combat Command, the 550th Special Operations Squadron in Air Education and Training Command, the 920th Rescue Group in Air Force Reserve Command and the 106th Rescue Wing, 129th RQW and 176th Wing in the Air National Guard will operate the aircraft.
First flight was 29 July 2010, and the aircraft will serve the many roles and missions of the HC-130P/Ns. It is a modified KC-130J aircraft designed to conduct personnel recovery missions, provide a command and control platform, in-flight-refuel helicopters and carry supplemental fuel for extending range or air refueling.
In April 2006, the personnel recovery mission was transferred back to Air Combat Command at Langley AFB, Va. From 2003 to 2006, the mission was under the Air Force Special Operations Command at Hurlburt Field, Fla. Previously, HC-130s were assigned to ACC from 1992 to 2003. They were first assigned to the Air Rescue Service as part of Military Airlift Command.
General Characteristics
Primary function: Fixed-wing Personnel Recovery platform
Contractor: Lockheed Aircraft Corp.
Power Plant: Four Rolls Royce AE2100D3 turboprop engines
Thrust: 4,591 Propeller Shaft Horsepower, each engine
Wingspan: 132 feet, 7 inches (40.4 meters)
Length: 97 feet, 9 inches (29.57 meters)
Height: 38 feet, 9 inches (11.58 meters)
Operating Weight: 89,000 pounds (40,369 kilograms)
Maximum Takeoff Weight: 164,000 pounds (74,389 kilograms)
Fuel Capacity: 61,360 pounds (9,024 gallons)
Payload: 35,000 pounds (15,875 kilograms)
Speed: 316 knots indicated air speed at sea level
Range: beyond 4,000 miles (3,478 nautical miles)
Ceiling: 33,000 feet (10,000 meters)
Armament: countermeasures/flares, chaff
Basic Crew: Three officers (pilot, co-pilot, combat system officer) and two enlisted loadmasters
Unit Cost: $66 million (fiscal 2010 replacement cost)
Initial operating capability: 2013.
Volkonskoite-replaced fossil wood from the Permian of Russia. (4.9 cm across at its widest)
This is a very rare specimen of fossil wood from Permian rocks in western Russia. Most fossil wood is preserved by quartz-permineralization or carbonization. This fossil wood has been replaced by a rare chromian smectite clay mineral called volkonskoite (Ca0.3(Cr,Mg,Fe)2(Si,Al)4O10 (OH)2⋅4H2O - hydrous calcium chromium magnesium iron hydroxy-aluminosilicate). The chromium (Cr) content gives the fossil its green coloration. The striations appear to be remnants of the original wood structure.
Host rocks & age: soft fluvial sandstones, Kazanian to Tatarian Stages, upper Upper Permian
Locality: Mt. Efimiatsk (Mt. Efimyatskaya), near the town of Efimyata, ~10 miles west of Votinsk Reservoir & ~30 miles southwest of Okhansk, Chastinsky District, southwestern Perm Region, western foothills of the southwestern Ural Mountains, western Russia
Compare with a later IMAGE where a portion of this building has been removed and replaced by a newer powerhouse. Note: the old scars from forest fires in the upper left. And the transformer, switch gear building having newer additions installed.
Information about the Buntzen Lake, recreation area. More detailed reports can be downloaded at B.C. Hydro's Coquitlam-Buntzen Water Use Planning page. Metro Vancouver gives TOURS of a small portion of the Coquitlam Lake reservoir in summer.
These images are converted and reduced from the original TIF images; and are just a small portion of my collection of imaging associated with the Coquitlam Lake / Buntzen Lake watersheds.
A search of the Vancouver Archives using the search word of Buntzen reveals 379 images
"I didn't listen to him,.... I was singing all the time, Just as prettily as he...."
From poem called "The Rivals" by James Stephens in the book "Silver Pennies" with wonderful illustrations by Winifred Bromhall, 1937.
I have found a website for free that includes several poems from this book, with some of the illustrations by Winifred Bromhall.
arthursclassicnovels.com/arthurs/pennies/pennies_01.html#...
I have since bought this book and have replaced the image with one of a better resolution.
The copyright is actually 1925. “Silver Pennies” by Blanche Jennings Thompson, 1925, with wonderful illustrations by Winifred Bromhall.
Replacing an earlier photo from Jun-15 with a better version.
First flown with the Airbus test registration D-AXAG , this aircraft was delivered to Iberia and leased to Iberia Express as EC-LUS in Mar-13. It was retro fitted with 'Sharklets' in Nov-14. Current (Jul-17).
Low level 2CV maintenance. Over the years, replacement of a broken rubber band supporting the drivers or passengers seat has been performed in the time honoured manner of taking one off the back. Now they're all complete. The seat has a wire sewn into the backing, meaning the clip at one end of the rubber band can secure itself onto the seat, the other goes into a hole in the seat frame. On these original seats (stuffed with wood shavings) it is interesting to see how the webbing to help locate the seat and bands has been applied only to a few of the rubber bands. Economy of manufacture, great thought in design.
Replacing an earlier scanned photo with a better version.
This operated with United Airlines as N356UA for 14 years until it was stored at Goodyear (GYR), AZ, USA in Jun-03 and returned to the lessor. It was converted into a freighter in Mar-05 and leased to Hainan Airlines/Yangtze River Express in China as B-5059. As of May-14, it's still in service.
Replaced online image with a scanned image from my book "Tirra Lirra, Rhymes Old and New" by Laura E. Richards. First copyright 1890, with several successive copyrights until Richards herself had rights 1918, 1930 and 1932. Little Brown and Company.
"My Emily Jane has lost her head,
And has a potato tied on instead;
A hole for an eye, and a lump for a nose,
It really looks better than you would suppose.
My Emily Jane has lost her arms,
The half of one leg's the extent of her charms;
But still, while there's anything left of you,
My Emily Jane, I'll love you true!"
Found at www.archive.org/details/tirralirrarhymes027501mbp, an e-book "Tirra Lirra, Rhymes Old and New" by Laura E. Richards, first copyright 1902. Illustrated by Marguerite Davis.
Replacing the 3.3 litre V12 275 Series Ferraris in 1966 was the new 330, featuring a 4.0 litre version of the Colombo engine. Launched first at the Geneva Motor Show as the GTC Berlinetta, the GTS Spider followed, at the Paris Motor Show.
The 330 used a development of the chassis from the 275, including the independent rear suspension and short wheelbase. The GTS even looked very alike to the earlier 275 GTS model.
The 330 was replaced in 1968 by the 4.4 litre 365 series, which was all but identical in style.
All models were styled by Pinifarina, except for a Zagato one-off for American Ferrari importer Luigi Chinetti.
This lego model 330 GTS Spider has been created for Flickr LUGNuts 60th Build Challenge, our fifth birthday to the 13th Build Challenge theme, - 'Fear and Loathing' - in light of the arachnid connotation in the model name. Interestingly, the term 'Spider' or 'Spyder' come from the name given to an open topped, lightweight and manouvreable horse-drawn carriage - which reflects the terms usage in open topped sportscars.
Replacing an earlier digital photo with a better version 29-Nov-23.
Delivered to TUIfly.com as D-ATUA (the second of three B737-800's to carry the registration) in the yellow TUI livery in Apr-07, this aircraft was transferred to Thomsonfly.com (TUI UK) as G-FDZO in Feb-08. Thomsonfly was renamed Thomson Airways in Nov-08.
The aircraft was leased to Jet4You (Morocco) as CN-RPF in Jun-09 and repainted in a green TUI style livery. It was sold to Ansett Worldwide Aviation Services (AWAS) in Oct-11 while the lease to Jet4You continued. It was returned to AWAS in Mar-12 and leased to Jetairfly (TUI Belgium) as OO-JPT.
The aircraft was fitted with 'Split Scimitar' blended winglets in Mar-15 before being transferred to TUIfly.com (Germany) as D-ATUZ in Jun-15. The aircraft was repainted in RIU Hotels logojet livery in Feb-16.
In Jun-18 it was transferred to TUI Airlines Belgium as OO-JPT again for the 2018 summer season. It returned to TUI Germany in Sep-18. The aircraft was withdrawn from service and stored at Hanover, Germany in Dec-20 due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. It returned to service in Jun-21. Current, updated 29-Nov-23.
The Flickr app for iPhone has updated its look (again), this time replacing the "All" page on your photostream with a "Camera Roll" page, to match the Camera Roll on the web browser version of Flickr. And since I've made it my unofficial job to document these updates, here's my take on this:
THE GOOD:
• The website and the app are now more visually cohesive. (In other words, they're more matchy-matchy.) Things are generally tidier; the icons on the bottom of the screen tuck thenselves away while you're scrolling, and untuck thenselves when you stop. Also, if you're deeply into a stream (yours or someone else's), you can easily jump up to the top by tapping "photos" or "camera roll". It's also easy to swipe left and right to change from a photostream to albums, groups, etc.
• White backgrounds! A photo's comment page now has black text on a white background, which is SO much easier to read. Some may find the white more glaring, but I'm actually happy that I don't have to have the brightness on my phone's screen up ridiculously high in order to see properly (having high brightness on an iPhone 5 is a battery guzzler!). BTW, when looking at another person's stream, you get their "Public" page view, not their "Camera Roll" view, but that makes sense.
• Notifications (AKA "Recent Activity") can now be accessed with one tap instead of two.
• Searching can now be accessed with one tap, instead of having them tucked two taps away in two different areas of the app. (Once on your photostream and once on the Contacts page. Seriously, that was just redundant and silly.)
• You can now change your avatar and photostream's cover photo through the app.
• More options to share your photos to other sites, if you're into that sort of thing. :^P
• It is MUCH easier to scroll through your backlog, which I'll explain in more detail in my next screencap.
THE BAD:
• You STILL can't add a photo to multiple groups at once! Aurgh.
• Still can't edit the date on a photo. (In fact, there's still just *one* date—"date taken"—whereas on the website, you can edit the "date taken" and "date posted" times.)
• There's still a character limit in descriptions. In order to write all this text, I had to open the mobile internet version of Flickr using Safari (the iPhone web browser) and write it there. That's a pain.
• The symbol for your Contacts page doesn't give any visual clues about it being the Contacts page. It's that little clump of horizontal lines on the lower left. Whuh? In the previous version of the app, the Contacts icon at least looked like a (simplified) photograph.
• When looking at an individual photo, the "share" and "info" buttons have been swapped, and I KNOW I'm going to tap the wrong one a few times until I get used to that. :^P
• The filters are a bit different. I haven't investigated fully, so I don't know whether they've just been renamed or have been replaced completely, but I'm rather miffed about that. I'm going to miss Color Vibe.
• When the "Camera Roll" page was the "All" page, thumbnails of private photos had a little lock symbol in the corner so you could see at a glance which photos were private and which weren't. Now, you have to tap "Select" in order to see the lock symbol on private pics. Why make us have to tap a button to see information we could see with ZERO taps before, Flickr?
THE 50-50:
• You can now edit a photo *after* it's been uploaded! However, the downside of this is that the new edited version of the photo will replace the previous version of the photo, not post a copy. (On the Flickr website you have the option of replacing *or* duplicating.)
AND FINALLY:
• I have no comment to make on the Auto-Uploadr function; that's been available for some time now and I simply don't use it.
So, overall, I think these changes are definite improvements, with a few minor annoyances. The main drawbacks are the same drawbacks we've had for ages—the groups and description issues, namely. But the app itself looks more fresh and inviting, and it'll be fun to explore.
Faversham’s Magna Carta
Copies of this confirmation of Magna Carta granted in 1300, which includes the whole text of Magna Carta, were sent to many towns throughout the country. At the foot of this copy it is stated in Latin that it is for the barons of the Port of Faversham. Originally granted by King John 1215, Faversham’s version is a confirmation of the re-issue of 1225.
1300 Magna Carta.
Parchment, c. 59 × 44 (+32) cms. Decorated initial ‘E’. Great seal of Edward I on a replaced parchment tag.
Tann, Royal Charters of Faversham, pp. 102-111.
Translation
Edward by the grace of God king of England, Lord of Ireland and Duke of Aquitaine sends greeting to his archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, earls, barons, sheriffs, reeves, ministers and all bailiffs and faithful people. We have inspected the charter of the lord Henry, our father, king of England (Henry III 1216-1272) about the liberties of England in these words:
Henry by the grace of God king of England, Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Count of Anjou sends greeting to his archbishops, bishops, earls, barons, sheriffs, reeves, ministers and all faithful people who will inspect the present charter. You may know that we by the instigation of God and for the salvation of our souls and the souls of our ancestors and descendants by our spontaneous and good will have, for the elevation of the Holy church and the bettering of our kingdom, given and granted to the archbishops, bishops, priors, earls, barons and ministers of our kingdom these liberties as are written below to be observed in our kingdom of England in perpetuity. Firstly we have conceded to God and we, by this our present charter, confirm for ourselves and for our heirs in perpetuity that the English church may be free and may hold all rights freely, fully and its liberties unquestioned; we have also granted and have given to all free men of our kingdom on behalf of ourself and of our heirs in perpetuity that they may have and hold the liberties as written below, by them and their heirs of us and our heirs in perpetuity. If any person of our earls or barons or of any other tenants who hold of us in chief through knight service may die and after his death and his heir shall be of full age and he owes relief, he may receive his inheritance through the old relief, that is to say an heir or the heirs of an earl by a hundred pounds for the entire Earldom, an heir or the heirs of a baron by a hundred marks for the full Barony, the heir or heirs by a hundred shillings for a full knights fee at the most and who has held less may give in accordance with the ancient custom of the fees. If however the heir of anyone of any such status should have been under age, the lord may not have custody of him nor of his land before he has taken his homage and afterwards such an heir who shall have been in custody, shall, when he has come of age, that is at twenty one years, receive his inheritance without relief and without a fine. Moreover that if he should have become a knight while he has been in custody, even so the land may remain in the keeping of his lords to the end of the aforesaid term. The guardian of the land of an heir of this nature, who has been under age, may not take anything from the heir’s land unless reasonable profits of that land. He ought to make report to us and if he, during his time of guardianship shall cause damage or commit waste then we will take it from him to be emended and the land may be committed to two trusted and honest men. And if we have given or sold the guardianship of the land to anyone of such nature and he then has caused damage or waste he shall loose that guardianship and it be handed over to two trusted and honest men of that fee who similarly may answer to us just as is aforesaid. However the guardian of the land has to accept a certain responsibility for the land in this manner: he will maintain the buildings, parks, fish ponds, stanks, mills and all things pertaining to that land out of the profits of the same land and when the heir shall come of full age he shall return his land completely stocked with ploughs and all other things in full just as he received it. All these things are to be observed concerning the custody of the lands of archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, churches and vacant dignitaries which pertain to us, except when the guardianship in this manner ought to come to us. The heirs shall marry without disparagement, a widow at once after her husband’s death and she may have her marriage allowance and her inheritance without obstacle and may not give anything for her dowry nor for her marriage portion for the inheritance; that is any inheritance which she, the same widow and her husband held on the day of her husband’s death and she may remain in her husband’s capital messuage for forty days after her husband’s death, within which days her dowry may be assigned to her, unless it shall have been already assigned to her or unless that residence should be a castle and if she should depart from such castle, a suitable house may be provided at once for her in which she may honourably remain until her dowry be assigned to her, as it aforesaid and meanwhile she may have a reasonable maintenance grant from the community. However a third part of all her husband’s land may be assigned to her for her dowry which was hers during his life, unless she had been provided with less dowry at the church entrance. No widow may be pressurised to get married while she has wished to live without a husband. Then so that she may give assurance that she will not marry without our assent if she has held from us or without her lord’s assent if she has held from another. Indeed neither we, nor our bailiffs will seize any land or rent for any debt when certain present chattels of the debtor are sufficient to pay the debt and the debtor himself made be prepared to make satisfaction, nor shall the sureties of the same debtor be distrained when the chief debtor himself has sufficient for the payment of his own debt and if the chief debtor should default in payment of the debt, not having the funds to make repayment or being reluctant to make payment when he is able, the sureties for the debt may be responsible and if they should wish they may have the debtor’s lands and rents until he makes satisfaction to them about the debt which they have paid for him previously, unless the chief debtor has shown that he is quit towards his sureties. The city of London may have all is ancient liberties and customs; in addition we wish and concede that all other cities and boroughs and towns and the barons of the Cinque Ports and all ports may have all the liberties as their free customs. No one may be distrained to make more service for a knight’s fee nor for any other free tenement than that which is owing. The common pleas may not follow our court but shall be held in another particular place. Recognizances of Nova Disseisina and of Morte Antecessorum shall not be taken unless in their own counties. We, or if we should be out of the kingdom our chief justiciary, shall send our justiciaries into every county whatsoever once in a year, where, with the knights of the shires they may take the aforesaid assizes and those things which at his coming in the county cannot be terminated through our aforesaid justiciaries at the two assizes which were taken, shall be terminated by the same men elsewhere in their itinerary and those matters which by the same men could not be terminated on account of difficulty of other articles may be referred to the justiciaries of the Bench. The assizes of Ultima Presentacione are always taken before the justiciaries of the Bench and to be terminated there. A free man may not be amerced for a minor offence except according to the manner of the same man’s offence and for a more serious offence according to the extent of his delinquency, saving to the consideration of his status and a merchant in the same way according to his merchandise and a villein of another, rather than of ours, shall be amerced in the same way according to his weregeld should he happen to be placed into our mercy and none of the aforesaid amercements shall be imposed unless through the oath of trusted and law-abiding men of the neighbourhood and knights and barons shall not be amerced except through their peers and not unless according to the manner of the offence. No ecclesiastical person shall be amerced according to the quantity of his benefice but according to the quantity of his lay fee and according to the nature of his offence nor shall any villein or free man be distrained to build bridges at the waterways unless they had been obliged to do so from ancient times and by right. No defences shall be made for any river banks apart from those which had been made as defences in the time of king Henry our grandfather throughout the same places and under the same terms, just as they were accustomed to do in his time. No sheriff, constable, coroner or any other of our bailiffs may hold pleas of our crown. If any person holding a lay free of us shall have died and our sheriff or bailiff shall show our letters patent concerning our summons about the debt which shows what he owes to us, it may then be lawful for the sheriff or our bailiff to impound and evaluate all the deceased person’s goods and chattels found in that lay fee to the extent of that debt assessed by the valuation of trusted men. Thence nothing may be removed from there until the debt to us which was clearly shown shall be paid and the residue may be left to the executors in accordance with the deceased person’s will and if nothing may be owed to us by him and all his chattels shall yield to the deceased, saving to the wife and children of the same in reasonable share. No constable or a bailiff of his may take the corn or other chattels of anyone who is not of the town where the castle is situated unless he immediately pays money for them, or then he can have respite by the wish of the vendor. If however he is of that same town he may pay the price within forty days. No constable may distrain any knight to give him money for castle guard if he shall have been willing to do this in his own person or if for some good reason he is not able to perform this service through another trusted man; in addition, if we have led or sent him into the army, he may be exempt from service in accordance with the time during which through us he was in the army because of the fee for which he has done service in the host. No sheriff or our bailiff or any other person shall take the horses or carts of anyone to make a carriage unless he shall make the payment laid down in ancient statutes, that is to say ten pence per day for one cart with two horses and fourteen pence per day for one cart with three horses. No cart of the demesne of any ecclesiastical person or knight or of any other lord shall be taken by our bailiffs neither shall we, our bailiffs or anyone else take wood belonging to anyone else for our castles or for any other of our works unless by permission of the person to whom the wood belongs. We will not hold the lands of those persons convicted of felony longer than one year and one day and then those lands shall be returned to the lord of the fees. All fish kidells shall forthwith be removed from the Thames and Medway and throughout the whole of England unless upon the sea coast. The writ called Precipe in future shall not be granted to anyone of any free tenement, thence a free man may loose his court. There shall be one measure of wine throughout our whole kingdom and one measure of beer and one measure of corn, that is to say the quarter of London and one width of dyed cloth, of russets and halberjects, that is two ells within the selvedges. Concerning weights, these shall be the same as the measures. In future nothing may be given or taken from him who seeks the writ of the inquisition Concerning life and limbs but it shall be freely conceded and not denied. If anyone may hold of us in fee farm or socage or burgage and shall hold land from another by military service we will not have the custody of either his heir nor lands which he holds of another because of that fee -farm, socage or burgage, unless the fee farm owes that same man military service. We will not have custody of the heir or lands of anyone who holds from any other person lands by military service by reason of petty serjeantry which he holds of us by service of giving daggers or arrows or other similar things to us. Forthwith no bailiff shall place any man to his open law, not to an open oath upon his own simple affirmation without faithful witnesses brought for the purpose. No free man be taken or imprisoned nor dispossessed of his free tenement nor of his liberties or free customs nor outlawed nor exiled nor in any way brought to destruction nor shall we go upon him nor condemn him except through the lawful judgement of his peers or through the law of the land. We will not sell to anyone, nor will we not deny nor delay to anyone either right or justice. All merchants, unless they have received public prohibition, shall have safe and secure conduct to go from and come into England and to remain and to travel throughout England both by land and by water to buy and sell with no unjust exactions, in accordance with the ancient and right customs, except in time of war and if they should be from the country with which we are at war and such merchants are found in our land at the beginning of the war, they shall be apprehended with no loss to their persons or to their goods until it is made known to us or to our chief justiciary how the merchants of our land who may be found in that land which is at war with us are used and if our men were safe there, then those others shall be safe in our land. If anyone has held of another escheat, as of the honour of Wallingford, Boulogne, Nottingham, Lancaster or other escheats which are in our hands and which might be baronies and has died, his heir shall not give any relief nor perform any other service to us other than he may make to a baron, if that might be in a baron’s hands and we will hold it in the same manner by which the baron held it, nor by reason of such a barony or escheat will we have any escheat or custody of any of our men unless he who held the barony or escheat held otherwise of us in chief. In future no free man shall give or sell any more of his land but except that from the residue of his land he may be able to make the service owing to the lord of the fee which pertains to that fee. All the patrons of abbeys which have charters of the kings of England concerning the advowson or the ancient tenure or possessions may hold custody of them while they shall have been vacant just is they ought to have and just as is decreed above. No one shall be arrested or imprisoned by the appeal of a woman for the death of any man other than her husband. Henceforth no county court may be held except from month to month, and where the greater term was accustomed to be it may be greater, neither shall any sheriff or his bailiff make his turn throughout the hundred except on two occasions in a year and not unless in the due and accustomed place, that is to say once after Easter and again after the feast of Michaelmas and the view of frank pledge shall be then made at the same Michaelmas term with no obstacle, thus moreover that everyone may have his liberties which he had or was accustomed to have in the time of king Henry our grandfather or which things he has since acquired. However the view of frank pledge may be so done that our peace may be held and that the tything may be fully kept just as it was accustomed to be and that the sheriff may seek no perquisites and that he may be content with such as the sheriff was accustomed to have when he made his view at the time of king Henry our grandfather, nor in the future may it be lawful for any man to give his land to a religious house and to take that land to hold from the same house nor may it be lawful for a religious house to accept land of any man and to lease that land to him from whom it was received. Forthwith if anyone has so granted land to a religious house and upon this is convicted, his gift shall immediately be curtailed and that land returned to the lord of that fee. Forthwith scutage may be taken [as was customary] in the time of our grandfather king Henry and saving to the archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, Templars, Hospitallers, earls, barons and all other persons both ecclesiastical and secular all the liberties and free customs which they first had. However all men of our kingdom, both clergy and laity shall observe all the customs and the aforesaid liberties [hole in MS which we have granted] in as much as pertains to us towards them in the way that these pertain towards them. However for this grant and concession of those liberties and other things contained in our charter concerning the liberties of the Forest the archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, earls, barons and all people of our kingdom have given us a fifteenth part of all their moveable goods. We have granted also to the same people on our behalf and that of our heirs that neither we nor our heirs may request anything through which the liberties as contained in this charter may be violated or questioned and if any persons [may presume to commit such action] such may be worthless and set at nought. These are the witnesses: The lord S archbishop of Canterbury, E bishop of London, the bishops, J. Bath. P Winchester. H, Lincoln. R. Salisbury. W. Rochester, W.Worcester, J. Ely. H. Hereford. R. Chichester. W. Exeter, the abbot of Bury St Edmunds. The abbot of [hole], the abbot of Battle, the abbot of St Augustine’s Canterbury, the abbot of Evesham, the abbot of Westminster, the abbot of Peterborough, the abbot of Reading, the abbot of Abingdon, the abbot of Malmesbury, the abbot of Winchcombe, the abbot of Hythe, the abbot of Chertsey, the abbot of Shirbourne. The abbot of [hole] the abbot of Aylesbury. the abbot of Middleton., the abbot of Selby, the abbot of Cirencester, Hubert de Burgh our justiciar, H. earl of Chester and Lincoln, W. earl of Salisbury. W. earl Warenne. Gilbert de Clare earl of Gloucester and Hereford, W. de Ferrars earl of Derby, W de Mandeville earl of Essex, Hugh de Bigod earl of Norfolk, W. earl of Albermarle, H earl of Hereford. J Constable of Chester, R. de Ros, R son of Walter, R de Veteri Ponte, W. de Bruer. R. de Montfichet. P. fitz Herbert, W. de Aubeny son of Gresly, J de Munmue. J. Fitzalan, H de Mortimer, W de Beauchamp, W. de St John, P. de Malo lacu, Brian de Isham, Thomas de Multon, R. de Argentenn, G de Nevill, W. Manduit, J de Ballivi and others. Given at Westminster on the eleventh day of February in the ninth year of our reign, 1224/5. We however, having ratified the aforesaid grants and concessions freely concede and confirm them on behalf of ourself and of our heirs and renew them by the tenor of the present writings, desiring and granting for ourselves and our heirs that the aforesaid charter may be observed in all and each of its articles firmly and also unquestioned in perpetuity, if any articles contained in the same charter shall not previously have been observed. These are the witnesses: the venerable fathers * Robert archbishop of Canterbury, primate of all England, and bishops Anthony of Durham, Robert of London. Robert of Ely, Thomas of Exeter, Walter of Coventry and Lichfield, Simon of Salisbury, J (sic) Thomas of Rochester, John of Norwich and John of Llandaff, John elect of Lincoln, John de Warenne Earl of Surrey, Thomas Earl of Lancaster, Roger le Bygod Earl of Norfolk and Marshall of England, Henry de Lacy Earl of Lincoln, Ralph de Monte Hermern Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex, Guy de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick, Richard fitz Alan Earl of Arundel, Reginald de Grey, John de Hastings, Henry de Percy, Hugh le Despenser, Hugh de Veer, Robert de Tateshale, Hugh Bardolp, Hugh de Courteneye, John de Seagrave, Henry de Grey, William de Ros de Helmesleye, Alan la Zusche, Robert de Tony, Robert de Monte Alto, William de Breous, Thomas [hole]nall, John de Engaygne, Peter Corbet, William de Leyburn, William de Latymer, Walter de Beauchamp, steward of our lodgings, Walter de Huntercumbe and others. Given by our hand at Westminster on the twenty eighth day of March in the twenty eighth year of our reign. * Robert Winchelsey archbishop of Canterbury 1293-1313 Anthony Bek bishop of Durham 1283-1311 Robert Gravesend bishop of London 1280-1303 Robert de Walpole bishop of Ely1299-1302 Thomas de Bitton bishop of Exeter 1291-1307 Walter de Langeton bishop of Coventry and Lichfield 1296-1321 Simon of Ghent bishop of Salisbury 1297-1315 Thomas de Wouldham bishop of Rochester 1291-1317 John Salmon bishop of Norwich 1299-1325 John de Dalderby bishop elect of Lincoln 1300-1320. Elected 15th January 1300, consecrated 12 June 1300.
Written on fold of charter: For the Barons of the port of Faversham. Examined through Master Edmund of London
Review LG LED IPS Monitor 23MP65HQ (LG 23EA63V replaced) An Phat PC by dtien87 ductien daoductien - www.anphatpc.com.vn