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A CORUNA, SPAIN (September 1, 2018) - The Arch Rival Roller Derby All-Stars defeated the Rainy City All-Stars (Manchester, UK) 300-118 in their second game at the 2018 International WFTDA Playoffs in A Coruna, Spain. For tournament recap, please visit the following link: goo.gl/XAaZxa
This photo is copyright 2018 Bob Dunnell and may not be used for any commercial purpose without permission. Please do not remove watermarks from this image.
File: 2018-09-01 Arch Rival vs Rainy City-8450
A CORUNA, SPAIN (September 1, 2018) - The Arch Rival Roller Derby All-Stars defeated the Rainy City All-Stars (Manchester, UK) 300-118 in their second game at the 2018 International WFTDA Playoffs in A Coruna, Spain. For tournament recap, please visit the following link: goo.gl/XAaZxa
This photo is copyright 2018 Bob Dunnell and may not be used for any commercial purpose without permission. Please do not remove watermarks from this image.
File: 2018-09-01 Arch Rival vs Rainy City-7867
Globe/T. Rob Brown.Construction workers maneuver precariously over a newly-replaced roof Friday afternoon, July 1, 2011, in the storm zone near 20th Street, west of Joplin High School.
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Dartmouth Steam Railway coach 4503 'Heather' is a British Railways Mark 1 Tourist Second Open (TSO) dating from the mid-1950s. The name “Nikita” is associated with another Dartmouth Mark 1 TSO, 4507.
Coach 4503 was built as part of British Railways' standardised Mark 1 coaching-stock programme, which followed the nationalisation of Britain's four major railway companies in 1948. The Mark 1 design was intended to replace the enormous variety of inherited pre-nationalisation coaches with a common national standard. Mark 1 coaches became the characteristic locomotive-hauled passenger stock of British Railways from the 1950s onwards.
4503 is a Tourist Second Open, normally abbreviated TSO. Unlike a corridor coach divided into individual compartments, a TSO provided open-saloon accommodation, with rows of seats in a large passenger compartment. The type was particularly suitable for longer-distance services because it could accommodate a comparatively large number of passengers while providing the familiar comfort of a conventional locomotive-hauled carriage.
The surviving records place 4503 in Lot 30243, built by York Carriage Works. It belongs to Diagram 93, Design Code AC204, has 64 second-class seats and was fitted with BR1 bogies. The RCTS records give its completion as January 1957.
York was one of the principal carriage-building centres of British Railways, with a long history extending back to the nineteenth-century railway companies. Construction of 4503 at York therefore links the coach with one of Britain's most important railway manufacturing traditions.
The BR1 bogies were another characteristic feature of the Mark 1 design. They were designed to provide a reasonably smooth ride at main-line speeds and became one of the standard bogie types used beneath Mark 1 coaches.
As a TSO, 4503 had a comparatively straightforward purpose. It was principally a passenger-carrying vehicle, without the dedicated guard's brake compartment found in a BSK or the specialist facilities of restaurant and buffet vehicles. In a conventional British Railways train it would normally have been combined with other types of Mark 1 coach to create a complete formation.
The Mark 1 fleet was extraordinarily versatile. A train might contain first-class accommodation, second-class open coaches such as 4503, corridor coaches, brake vehicles, catering cars and other specialised stock. This standardisation meant that coaches could be rearranged between different services and regions as railway requirements changed.
The TSO design consequently became one of the most familiar forms of British passenger carriage during the second half of the twentieth century.
4503's original working career belongs to the era when steam and diesel locomotives hauled conventional passenger trains. British Railways began replacing steam traction with diesel and electric locomotives from the late 1950s onwards, but Mark 1 coaches remained in service for decades. The coaches were robust enough to survive the transition from steam to diesel and became synonymous with British Rail's main-line passenger services.
The coach would have experienced changes in livery during its British Railways career as well. Mark 1 stock was initially associated with the crimson-and-cream livery introduced after nationalisation, while later decades brought the familiar blue-and-grey scheme. Individual coaches could subsequently receive other liveries depending upon their operator and preservation history.
The precise livery chronology of 4503 is not sufficiently documented in the sources available here to assign particular dates to each colour scheme, but its later preservation history is much better recorded.
After leaving ordinary railway service, 4503 entered preservation at the Llangollen Railway. The coach was one of the Mark 1 vehicles associated with the railway's locomotive-hauled passenger fleet. RCTS records listed 4503 at Llangollen under the name “Nikita”.
The coach subsequently moved south to Devon.
A report in Railways Illustrated in 2021 recorded that TSO 4503 had moved to the Paignton & Dartmouth Steam Railway, following the sale of Llangollen Railway assets. The transfer formed part of the reorganisation of the Llangollen Railway's coaching stock after the operating company's financial difficulties.
This was an important development in the coach's preservation history because it brought a 1950s British Railways vehicle onto a railway whose physical infrastructure is predominantly descended from the Great Western Railway.
The Dartmouth Steam Railway operates over the former Paignton–Kingswear branch, opened through to Kingswear in 1864 and absorbed into the Great Western Railway in 1876. The line was eventually rescued from closure in the early 1970s and reopened as a heritage railway in 1973.
4503 therefore represents a different chapter of railway history from the route on which it now operates.
The line itself originated in the Victorian Great Western era, whereas the coach was built almost a century later for the nationalised British Railways system.
This mixture of periods is one of the attractions of the Dartmouth Steam Railway's rolling stock. A passenger travelling in 4503 is travelling through Victorian railway infrastructure in a coach that represents the standardised railway of the 1950s.
The coach is also particularly suitable for the Dartmouth railway because the TSO design was intended for locomotive-hauled operation. Unlike the former Class 117 centre cars also used by the railway, 4503 was never a multiple-unit vehicle. It was designed from the beginning to be coupled into conventional trains hauled by a locomotive.
This makes it a natural component of the Dartmouth Steam Railway's steam-hauled services.
The railway has assembled a sizeable fleet of Mark 1 coaches, including other TSOs. Current preserved-stock records list 4503 as a TSO at the Dartmouth Steam Railway, alongside vehicles such as 4081, 4233, 4642, 4665, 4756, 4915 and 4916.
Several of these coaches have individual names in preservation. This gives the Dartmouth fleet a distinctive identity while retaining the underlying British Railways vehicle numbers.
What can be established confidently is that W4503 is a 1957-built York Mark 1 TSO, Diagram 93, with 64 seats and BR1 bogies, now preserved at the Dartmouth Steam Railway.
Its move from Llangollen to Dartmouth is an interesting example of the way Britain's heritage railway network continually redistributes historic vehicles. A coach that once formed part of the Llangollen Railway's passenger fleet has found a new operational home in Devon.
The transfer also helped the Dartmouth Steam Railway strengthen its fleet of standard Mark 1 coaches. These vehicles are particularly useful for a railway carrying large numbers of passengers because their open-saloon layout provides substantial seating capacity.
The 64-seat capacity of 4503 is typical of the TSO design.
The open-saloon arrangement also gives passengers a very different experience from travelling in an older compartment coach. Rather than individual compartments opening onto a corridor, the TSO provides a continuous passenger saloon, reflecting the changing expectations of railway travellers during the post-war period.
This was part of a broader change in British passenger accommodation. The Mark 1 coaches combined traditional features such as slam doors, conventional bogies and locomotive-hauled operation with more modern open-saloon layouts and standardised construction.
4503 therefore represents an important transitional period in British railway history.
By the time it was built in 1957, Britain's railway system was already beginning its transition away from steam. Within only a few years, diesel locomotives would become increasingly common, while electrification would transform major routes. Yet the Mark 1 coaches remained in service long after steam disappeared.
Their longevity is one of the reasons so many have survived into preservation.
The survival of 4503 also demonstrates that preservation does not necessarily mean keeping a vehicle at the location where it originally worked. The coach has moved between different heritage railways and now operates in an environment very different from the national network for which it was designed.
At Dartmouth, it forms part of a train intended primarily for leisure travel, rather than commuting or long-distance inter-city transportation.
The surrounding railway is also very different from the landscapes through which many Mark 1 coaches originally travelled. Instead of industrial cities and major junctions, 4503 now runs beside the English Riviera, through wooded countryside and along the spectacular River Dart.
The journey towards Kingswear is particularly appropriate for a historic coach because the railway retains many of its original Victorian structures, including bridges, tunnels and stations.
4503 therefore provides an unusual combination of 1950s' British Railways passenger accommodation and nineteenth-century railway engineering.
The coach's present role also helps explain why Mark 1s remain so popular on heritage railways. Their standard construction, robust bodies, relatively generous seating and compatibility with conventional locomotive-hauled trains make them practical working vehicles rather than merely static exhibits.
4503 is consequently not just an example of preserved rolling stock. It remains part of the Dartmouth Steam Railway's operational fleet.
A 2022 operating record, for example, documents a Dartmouth Steam Railway service formed with 4915 + 59517 + 59507 + 59523 + 9275 + 4503, demonstrating that 4503 has operated in a working heritage train rather than simply being stored.
The coach's survival also illustrates the remarkable longevity of the Mark 1 design. Built in 1957, it has now survived for almost seven decades and continues to perform the same fundamental function for which it was constructed: carrying passengers in a locomotive-hauled train.
There is something particularly appropriate about that continuity at Dartmouth. The railway itself was threatened with closure during the same period when Mark 1 coaches were being withdrawn from ordinary main-line service. Both the route and the vehicle ultimately survived through preservation.
The result is a working historical combination that would otherwise have disappeared.
Date: Tuesday 28 April 2009
Time: 5.18pm
Location: work, Maddington, WA, Australia
Photo by: Wendy
Last week of work and training my replacement Wendy.
A CORUNA, SPAIN (September 1, 2018) - The Arch Rival Roller Derby All-Stars defeated the Rainy City All-Stars (Manchester, UK) 300-118 in their second game at the 2018 International WFTDA Playoffs in A Coruna, Spain. For tournament recap, please visit the following link: goo.gl/XAaZxa
This photo is copyright 2018 Bob Dunnell and may not be used for any commercial purpose without permission. Please do not remove watermarks from this image.
File: 2018-09-01 Arch Rival vs Rainy City-8101
A CORUNA, SPAIN (September 1, 2018) - The Arch Rival Roller Derby All-Stars defeated the Rainy City All-Stars (Manchester, UK) 300-118 in their second game at the 2018 International WFTDA Playoffs in A Coruna, Spain. For tournament recap, please visit the following link: goo.gl/XAaZxa
This photo is copyright 2018 Bob Dunnell and may not be used for any commercial purpose without permission. Please do not remove watermarks from this image.
File: 2018-09-01 Arch Rival vs Rainy City-7955
We obtained the building permit and handled all inspections. We obtained approval from the Homeowner's Association to proceed with the work. We saw cut and removed the existing driveway which was cracked and deteriorated. We removed all debris from the premises. We fully compacted all soil. We poured the new driveway with 4000 PSI concrete with fiber mesh reinforcement. We hand troweled the concrete with a double boom finish. We cut all expansion joints accordingly.
Another cracking photo from NASA! After completing the first of 10 spacewalks to upgrade the station, astronaut Christina Koch, wrote: The great @Space_Station battery swap series of spacewalks is underway! - ift.tt/35f34iE
09/12/08 Laptop Key Scissor Mechanism- part of a quick walk through I'm writing up on replacing laptop keys. A lot of people panic when they accidentally flick a key of their laptop, but it's really not a big deal.
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