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Warangal Fort, in the present-day Indian state of Telangana, appears to have existed since at least the 13th century CE. Although precise dating of its construction and subsequent enhancements are uncertain, historians and archaeologists generally accept that an earlier brick-walled structure was replaced with stone by Ganapatideva, who died in 1262, and that his successors – Rudramadevi and Prataparudra II – added to its height and added gateways, square bastions and additional circular earthern walls prior to the latter's death in 1323. This places the construction towards the end of the Kakatiya period. There were later modifications between the 15th and 17th centuries, comprising principally the addition of barbicans to the four gates in the stone wall and the creation of gates in the outer earthern wall.
Remnants of the structure can be seen today near to the town of Warangal, which was the Kakatiya capital. The Archaeological Survey of India has listed the remains as a Monument of National Importance.
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The 12th and the 13th centuries saw the emergence of the Kakatiyas. They were at first the feudatories of the Western Chalukyas of Kalyana, ruling over a small territory near Warangal. A ruler of this dynasty, Prola II, who ruled from A.D.1110 to 1158, extended his sway to the south and declared his independence. His successor Rudra (A.D.1158--1195) pushed the kingdom to the north up to the Godavari delta. He built a fort at Warangal to serve as a second capital and faced the invasions of the Yadavas of Devagiri. The next ruler Mahadeva extended the kingdom to the coastal area. In A.D.1199, Ganapati succeeded him. He was the greatest of the Kakatiyas and the first after the Satavahanas to bring the entire Telugu area under one rule. He put an end to the rule of the Velanati Cholas in A.D.1210. He forced the Telugu Cholas of Vikramasimhapura to accept his suzerainty. He established order in his vast dominion and encouraged trade.
As Ganapati Deva had no sons, his daughter Rudramba succeeded him in A.D.1262 and carried on the administration. Some generals, who did not like to be ruled by her, rebelled. She could, however, suppress the internal rebellions and external invasions with the help of loyal subordinates. The Cholas and the Yadavas suffered such set backs at her hands that they did not think of troubling her for the rest of her rule.
Prataparudra succeeded his grandmother Rudramba in A.D.1295 and ruled till A.D.1323. He pushed the western border of his kingdom up to Raichur. He introduced many administrative reforms. He divided the kingdom into 75 Nayakships, which was later adopted and developed by the Rayas of Vijayanagara. In his time the territory constituting Andhra Pradesh had the first experience of a Muslim invasion. In A.D.1303, the Delhi Sultan Ala-ud-din Khilji sent an army to plunder the kingdom. But Prataparudra defeated them at Upparapalli in Karimnagar district. In A.D. 1310, when another army under Malik Kafur invaded Warangal, Prataparudra yielded and agreed to pay a large tribute. In A.D.1318, when Ala-ud-din Khilji died, Prataparudra withheld the tribute. It provoked another invasion of the Muslims. In A.D.1321, Ghiaz-ud-din Tughlaq sent a large army under Ulugh Khan to conquer the Telugu country then called Tilling. He laid siege to Warangal, but owing to internal dissensions he called off the siege and returned to Delhi. Within a short period, he came back with a much bigger army. In spite of unpreparedness, Prataparudra fought bravely. For want of supplies, he surrendered to the enemy who sent him to Delhi as a prisoner, and he died on the way. Thus ended the Kakatiya rule, opening the gates of the Telugu land to anarchy and confusion yielding place to an alien ruler.
The Kakatiya period was rightly called the brightest period of the Telugu history. The entire Telugu speaking area was under the kings who spoke Telugu and encouraged Telugu. They established order throughout the strife torn land and the forts built by them played a dominant role in the defence of the realm. Anumakonda and Gandikota among the `giridurgas', Kandur and Narayanavanam among the `vanadurgas', Divi and Kolanu among the `jaladurgas', and Warangal and Dharanikota among the `sthaladurgas' were reckoned as the most famous strongholds in the Kakatiya period. The administration of the kingdom was organized with accent on the military.
Though Saivism continued to be the religion of the masses, intellectuals favoured revival of Vedic rituals. They sought to reconcile the Vaishnavites and the Saivites through the worship of Harihara. Arts and literature found patrons in the Kakatiyas and their feudatories.
WIKIPEDIA & WIKIMAPIA
Union Major General George McClellan's plans for the Battle included precise, coordinated attacks on the left and right wings of General Lee's Confederate army. The Federals hoped that, with both flanks threatened, Lee would pull reinforcements from, and consequently weaken, his center. A concentrated thrust through the Southerners' middle could then split and destroy the Army of Northern Virginia. However, despite repeated orders to advance against Lee's right flank, Major General Burnside's 12,000 men were held at bay by about 450 to 500 determined Georgians perched on the bluffs overlooking the bridge. The stone for the bridge had been mined from the bluffs overlooking the creek. This left depressions in the hillside forming ready-made rifle pits to fire from in relative safety. Pictured here, the Antietam Creek quietly flows under the now peaceful Rohrbach or Burnside's Bridge.
Describing the ground and the valiant efforts of his tremendously outnumbered men, CSA Brigadier General Robert Toombs reported, "Its chief strength lay in the fact that, from the nature of the ground on the other side, the enemy were compelled to approach mainly by the road which led up the river for near 300 paces, parallel with my line of battle, and distant there from 50 to 150 feet, thus exposing his flank to a destructive fire the most of that distance.
At between 9 and 10 o'clock the enemy made his first attempt to carry the bridge by a rapid assault, and was repulsed with great slaughter, and at irregular intervals, up to about 1 o'clock, made four other attempts of the same kind, all of which were gallantly met and successfully repulsed by the Twentieth and Second Georgia...After these repeated disastrous repulses, the enemy, despairing of wresting the bridge from the grasp of its heroic defenders, and thus forcing his passage across the river at this point, turned his attention to the fords before referred to, and commenced moving fresh troops in that direction by his left flank."
Union Major General Ambrose E. Burnside would describe the battle in a similar fashion. His plan was to send a force downstream to ford the river and then, while Union soldiers stormed the Confederate front, the flanking troops would come in on their right and catch the small but well entrenched Confederate forces between the Federal hammer and anvil. "At 10 o'clock I received an order from the general commanding to make the attack. i directed Colonel Kingsbury, of the Eleventh Connecticut, to move forward with his line of skirmishers, and directed General Cox to detail General Crook's brigade to make the assault. General Rodman was directed to cross over at the ford below the bridge, and join on to the left of the command, which was to be thrown over the bridge. From General Crook's position it was found to be almost impossible to carry the bridge, and General Sturgis was ordered to make a detail from his division for that purpose. He immediately sent forward the Second Maryland (Lieutenant-Colonel Duryea) and the Sixth New Hampshire (Colonel Griffin), which regiments made several successive attacks in the most gallant style, but were driven back by the galling fire of the enemy. I then directed the batteries on the left to concentrate their fire on the woods above the bridge, and sent word to General Sturgis to detail the Fifty-first Pennsylvania (Colonel Hartranft) and the Fifty-first New York (Colonel Potter) to assault the bridge and carry it at all hazards. In the mean time Colonel Crook had brought a section of his battery to bear upon the heights just above the bridge. General Sturgis, by a judicious posting of these two regiments in rear of a spur which fronted the bridge, succeeded in protecting them from the enemy's fire until they reached the crest of the spur, at which point they commenced their charge and carried the bridge at the point of the bayonet at about 1 o'clock, the whole division following immediately."
CSA Brigadier General Robert Toombs would lament the lack of response to his request for reinforcements. He felt that, with a small force of men, he could have kept the Union soldiers from crossing downstream and held the men in blue in check. "Not being able to get any re-enforcements for the defense of these two fords, and seeing that the enemy was moving upon them to cross, thus enabling him to attack my small force in front, right flank, and rear, and my two regiments having been constantly engaged from early in the morning up to 1 o'clock with a vastly superior force of the enemy, aided by three heavy batteries, the commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Holmes, of the Second, having been killed in the action, and the only remaining field officer, Major [Skidmore] Harris, being painfully wounded, and fully one half of this regiment being killed or wounded, and the Twentieth having also suffered severely in killed and wounded, and the ammunition of both regiments being nearly exhausted, and Eubank's battery having been withdrawn to the rear nearly two hours before, I deemed it my duty, in pursuance of your original order, to withdraw my command and place it in the position designated."
Antietam Battlefield-Sharpsburg Md.
AutoChef's sensor measures the temperature from the bottom of the pan and applies only the perfect amount of energy to the element in order to deliver precise cooking results, every time, and without waste of energy.
An evening's relaxation chez Bentos, 1988. Precise date unknown, but the first of the sprogs came along in April (memo to self: remember birthday) and relaxation was to be severely curtailed. I didn't think anything of smoking cigars indoors in those days. The missus didn't mind, she said, but I sometimes noticed a little flicker of disapproval cross her features when I sparked up. Eventually I too came to dislike the pong of stale cigar smoke in the house and removed myself to the shed for my twice-daily bit of peace and quiet.
The fabric on the cushion matched the curtains and had come from Habitat. I got hold of a Dulux colour chart, matched the three colours and bought co-ordinated paint for my newly replastered walls. Lesson 1; colours that look good in small areas don't necessarily look good when applied to whole rooms: Lesson 2; there is no such thing as a "square" room. I had decided on this arty décor with the lower third of the wall painted a darker colour. I was going for the "institutional" look ...something reminiscent of the corridors of a Victorian school or lunatic asylum. The lower part was blue, the upper part pink with the ceiling a sort of ice cream colour. I first tried to do all the bands and lines with masking tape, but the paint tended to seep underneath it and eventually I had to do the job by hand with a fitch brush. The ceiling paint was carried a few inches down the wall and the boundary between the two colours defined by a one-inch blue band. I'd taken all my measurements from the floor up but, when I came to rule out the upper band I discovered that the ceiling was not parallel with the floor ...not by a long chalk. The colour-scheme I had chosen might have been chosen to emphasize this effect. Visiting friends found it most amusing.
The precise indicator of my age and my geekitude: I'm young enough that I never used an 8" floppy, old enough that I think I saw one in office one time.
Behold, the Micro Technology Unlimited INSMUS-8 INSOTRAN Music Compiler, which the manual describes as an "Insplay 4-voice instrument synthesis interpreter." The company is still around -- they seem to just sell Karaoke equipment these days -- but their site proudly boasts that they made the first digital music workstation.
2021 Cracker Barrel
National Battle of the Bands
Presented by Pepsi Zero Sugar
NRG Stadium
Houston, TX
8-29-21
Norfolk State University
Hot Ice
@hotice_precise
Presidential Candidate 總統候選人
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TianLiang Maa
~ A Taiwanese social reformer, philosopher, photographer and film director
“Touching Fairness and Justice”
馬天亮
~ 臺灣的社會改革者，哲學家，攝影師，和電影導演
《感動的公平與正義》
TianLiang Maa, alternative spelling: Tianliang Ma, also known as Theophilus Raynsford Mann; Ma, Tianliang; Chinese: 馬天亮; 马天亮.
SUMMARY
TianLiang Maa is a naturalist, occultist, and Taoist. In 1982, Maa developed a technique for abstract photography, applied “Rayonism” into photographic works. Maa staged 32 individual, extraordinary exhibitions around Taiwan, who was the first exhibitor around Formosa. Maa’s works is the beginning of modernization in the modern abstract arts in the world. At the University of Oxford, Maa’s attractive topic was “A View of Architectural History: Towns through the Ages from Winchester through London Arrived at Oxford in England”; also an author at the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Michigan in the United States; an alumnus from Christ Church College at the University of Oxford in England, the University of Glamorgan in Wales, and National Taiwan University in Taipei on Taiwan. Maa’s works have been quoted by the scholars many times, making Maa one of the highly cited technological, artistic, and managing public administrators in the academia. Maa was listed in “Taiwan Who’s Who In Business” © 1984, 1987, 1989 Harvard Management Service.
Early Life and Record of Genealogy
TianLiang Maa possesses both Taiwanese and German surnames from birth. Usually, whenever anyone asks Maa about where he comes from, he would reply “Formosa” as he grew up and was educated in the Far East and lives in Taiwanese and Japanese lifestyles. Moreover, he often teaches and educates younger generations based on the methods of the Far Eastern teaching he experienced when he was young, though he does not oppose the Western ways of teaching and thinking. Maa takes great pride in his roots, which go back 150 years (since 1864); Maa’s ancestry originates and creates generations, and prepares younger generations to succeed their personality and ethical standards and integrity.
Education in Taiwan and a Brief of Latest Generation of History in Taiwan / Formosa
In 1980, Maa obtained his postgraduate certificate from the Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering of National Taiwan University in Taipei; successfully completed another graduate studies in Information dBase III Plus and Taiwanese Traditional Chinese Mandarin Information System at National Sun Yat-Sen University in Kaohsiung in 1989.
In history, the Portuguese explorers discovered and called the island (Taiwan), “Formosa” (meaning “Beautiful Island”) in 1590. They are non-Chinese people; it was long a Chinese and Japanese pirate base. Fighting continued, between its original inhabitants of Taiwanese and the Chinese settlers, into the 19th century. In 1894-95 first Sino-Japanese War that ended in Manchus of the Qing (Ching) dynasty defeat, the late Manchu Qing Government forced to cede Formosa to Japan. This result was made by the Treaty of Shomonoseki in 1895 and remained under Japanese control until the end of the Second World War. Early on, Taiwan was conquered by the Qing in 1683 and for the first time became part of older China dynasty. However, today, the home country of Maa’s origin has around 165 institutions (93 universities) of higher education, which now has one of the best-educated populations in Asia. Among the major public (state) ones are the National Taiwan University (NTU) at Taipei, and National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU) at Kaohsiung. NSYSU is also called National Chun-Shan University; according to Times Higher Education 2010-2011, NSYSU ranks as the 3rd university in Taiwan, 21st in Asia, and 163rd worldwide. National Taiwan University is ranked 51 to 60 ranks on Times Higher Education World University Rankings - Top Universities by Reputation 2013, the United Kingdom (see www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/...); King's College London (KCL) (21st in the world and 6th in Europe in the 2010, QS World University Rankings), the University of London, and University of Southern California (is one of the world's leading private research universities, located in the heart of Los Angeles), afterward.
Backing to Maa’s early school-time of Taiwan Provincial Kaohsiung Industrial Senior High School (Kaohsiung Municipal Kaohsiung Industrial High school), the professional technical education, which is equivalent to Advanced Level General Certificate of Education, commonly referred to as an A-level in the United Kingdom; China Electronic Engineering College, the distance learning programme, which is in equivalence as UK’s Diploma of Higher Education / Undergraduate Diploma (as an Associate Degree in the United States). An additional, his middle education was taught by the Kaohsiung Municipal Chihjh (Ci Sian) Junior High School; and Kaohsiung Municipal San Min Elementary School was his first school in Taiwan.
Early Career
In 1989, Maa instituted Maa’s Office of Electrical Engineer, he settled himself in electrical technology and industries as a chief engineer in his early years. He put his professional and precise knowledge to good account in business management. A formal business management with business relationship established to provide for regular services, dealings, and other commercial transactions and deed. He had many customers having a business and credit relationship with his firm then he was a successful engineer.
Study Abroad and Immigration into the United Kingdom
In 1998, Maa studied abroad when he arrived in Great Britain; he studied at School of Built Environment, the University of Glamorgan (Prifysgol Morgannwg) in Merthyr Tydfil, Pontypridd, Wales for a master of science in real estate appraisal. Until the summer of 2000, Maa completed an academic course on “Towns through the Ages” from Christ Church College at the University of Oxford (is ranked the 2nd place worldwide on The Times Higher Education, World University Rankings 2012-2013
www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/...) in England. Afterward, Maa immigrated into the United Kingdom in the early year of 2004.
PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS
Maa is a naturalist; he trusts spiritual naturalism and naturalistic spirituality, which teaches that “the unknown” created this wonderful world. “The unknown” arranged the nature with its law so that everything in nature is kept balanced and in order. However, human beings failed to control themselves, deliberately went against the law of nature, and resulted in disasters, which we deserved. He also is an occultist, a Taoist, and a Buddhist; but in Britain, he frequently goes to Christian and Catholic churches, where he makes friends with pastors and fathers as well as churchgoers. In his mind, he recognizes “Belief is truth held in the mind; faith is a fire in the heart”. He is always a freethinker, does not accept traditional, social, and religious teaching, but based on his ideas: a thought or conception that potentially and actually exists in his mind as a product of mental activity - his opinion, conviction, and principle. If people have not come across eastern classics and philosophy, we are afraid that people would never understand TianLiang Maa. People cannot judge an eastern philosopher based on western ways of thinking. He studies I Ching discovering eastern classics of ancient origin consisting of 64 interrelated hexagrams along with commentaries. The hexagrams embody Taoist philosophy by describing all nature and human endeavour in terms of the interaction of yin and yang, and the classics may be consulted as an oracle.
Back in the 1990s when Maa just arrived at England, he had been offered places to do Ph.D. and LL.M. degrees (degree in Law and Politics of the European Union) by several western professors in the Great Britain. He has met all the requirements for postgraduate admissions to study at UK’s universities.
During his time at Oxford, he learnt a lot of British culture and folk-custom while carrying out research with many British and Western professors, experts, and archaeologists. This proves that Maa understands various aspects in British society, culture, and lifestyles. Of course, he does not fully understand about the perspectives of thinking of a typical British. For example, what would be the most valuable in life for a British person? What would a British want to gain from life? What is the goal in life for a British? Is it fortune or a lover? Alternatively, perhaps honour? On the other hand, maybe being able to travel around the world and see the world?
FAIRNESS and JUSTICE
As TianLiang Maa’s (馬天亮) saying are:
“Touching Fairness and Justice”
Feel good about themselves, but do not know the sufferings of the people...
Who can get easy life like them?
What is profile of modern society?
What type and style is truly solemn for this society identify?
Where “the characterization” is? Who can see? Did you see it?
《感動的公平與正義》
自我感覺良好, 不知民間疾苦...
誰能得到安逸的生活如同他們一樣？
這是個什麼樣子的社會？
這個社會認定什麼樣的類型和風格是真正莊重的?
「特徵」在那裡？誰可以看到？你看到了嗎？
Jurisprudence and Political Philosophy and Perspectives
Maa ever studied judicial review and governmental action, the impact of law and legal techniques, constitutional mechanisms for the protection of basic rights, and ensuring the integrity of commercial activity, the impact of law and legal techniques on government, policymaking, and administration, as well as the creation of markets. He tries to understand these critical trends in the political development of modern state. Maa will combine both theoretical and empirical approaches, and the conditions for democratic transition and the nature of state development in the ‘post-industrial’ era of globalisation and economic integration.
According as Maa’s legal experiences, he comprehend that “the knowledge of the law is like a deep well, out of which each man draught according to the strength of his understanding”, and, law and arbitrary power are in eternal enmity. He is also sure law and institutions are constantly tending to gravitate like clocks; they must be occasionally cleansed, and wound up, and set to true time.
The government issues a decree - an authoritative order having the force of law, which charged with putting into effect a country's laws and the administering of its functions. Any of the officials promulgate a law or put into practice relating to the government charged with the execution and administration of the nation's laws then they announce and carry out the creation of any order or new policy that will be responsible for the people.
Maa had knowledge in connexion with construction law; he also understands architectural arts, and as well learnt the forms by combining materials and parts include as an integral part concerning modern construct. I ever built urban buildings and rural architecture in different styles under new housing and building projects by the governmental administration and construction corporations.
Right now, Maa studies the problems caused by ethnic disputes and human armed conflicts in the modern society resulted code of mixed civil and criminal procedure. He wishes an agreement or a treaty to end human hostilities - the absence of war and other hostilities around the world. The interrelation and arrangement of freedom from quarrels and disagreement become harmonious relations living in peace with each other. Actually, erect peace in more friendly ways of making friendships for modern human society is comfortable in my ideal. It is like building monolithic architecture: houses and buildings for the people. Maa would like to do “something beautiful for `the unknown`”.
In the ethnic disagreement and armed conflicts as concerning the poor people and children notwithstanding they live through a bad environment on any of poor or crowded village or town in a particular manner - lived frugally. However, after years of industrialisation as a more educated population, becomes more aware of global plenum, continuing to be alive. Environmental groups are increasing and lobbing government will legislate to stop bad environmental and social practices. The establishments of human rights’ wide and untiring efforts will be alleviated people’s suffering. And as well the poor people shall meet and debate sustainable development and for a concerted government led action towards sustainability is an example that the younger generation are concerned for the future. It shall be making the younger easier for their life and make better on their lives, and help them to build a better future.
In present world, Maa really knows the full meanings of “Fundamental Human Rights and Equal Opportunities for the People”. He thinks ethics is the moral code governing the daily conduct of the individual toward those about him / her. It represents those rules or principles by which men and women live and work in a spirit of mutual confidence and service. Without going into the question of how an ethical code was formulated or why anybody should obey it, we can look at the matter in a common-sense fashion with reference to its influence upon our legal affairs. In brief, from the law point of view, a reputable ethical code embodies the qualities of accuracy, dependability, fair play, sound judgement, and service. It is based upon honesty.
No person can have an ethical code that concerns him / her alone. Living in society, as he / she must, a person encounters others whose rights must be respected as well as his / her own. An honest regard for the rights of others is an essential element of any decent code of ethics, and one that anyone must observe if anybody intends to follow that code. After all, ethics is not something apart from human beings. Indeed, there is no such thing apart from our actions and us. It is the duty, therefore, of every man and woman in legal affairs to see that his daily associations with others are truly in conformity with the plain meaning of the Ten Commandments: “Thou shalt not barratry, thou shalt not bear false witness, thou shalt not receive illegal fee and the rest”.
The knowledge Maa has, in connection with legal affairs, was usually come from his precious experiences of his past over ten year’s law and political careers. In an interval regarded as a distinct period of 1980s, he studied mixed civil and crime, and the code of mixed civil and criminal procedure for the problems caused by ethnic disputes and human armed conflicts in the modern society. He was especially one who maintains the language and customs of the group, and social security in Taiwan.
Since 30 July of 1988, Maa settled himself in law as a chief executive and scrivener at Central Legal, Real Estate, and Accounting Services Office; it is in the equivalent to a solicitor of the United Kingdom. The Office provided full legal, accounting, real estate, and commercial services to the public. He did his job as a person legally appointed by another to act as his or her agent in the transaction of business, specifically one qualified and licensed to act for plaintiffs and defendants in legal proceedings and affairs. Over and above Maa was a chairman and executive consultant at Taiwan Credit Information Company®, founded in 1994. The company offered services to the public in response to need and demand in the area of credit information.
Maa had excellent experiences in political and law work was pertaining to mixed civil and crime, the code of mixed civil and criminal procedure, construction, and commercial law abroad. The experiences of legal services related to the rights of private individuals and legal proceedings concerning these rights as distinguished. In the criminal proceedings, he did many cases for the defendants. Although an act committed or omitted in violation of a law forbidding or commanding it and for which punishment is imposed upon conviction; but he also laid legal claim, required as useful, just, proper, or necessary to the defendants under the human rights in the meantime. This provision ensures to the defendant a real voice in the subject.
The men whose judgement we respect are those who do not allow prejudices, preferences, or personalities to influence their decisions. Profit and self-aggrandisement are likewise ignored in their determination to reach an equitable and fair settlement. What are the basic principles upon which good judgement is founded? A keen intellect, a normal emotionally, a through understanding of human nature, experience of law work, sincerity, and integrity.
Developed a Technique for Abstract Photography and Abstractionist
In 1982, Maa developed a technique for abstractive photography, which applied “rayonism” to the photographic works. In November of 1984, Maa was 26-year-old, he instructed many professors and students of National Taiwan Normal University in photography of abstract impressionism and rayonnisme in Taipei, Taiwan. The word “rayonnisme” is French for rayonism - a style of abstract painting developed in 1911 in Russia.
Photographic Exhibitions
TianLiang Maa (Theophilus Raynsford Mann) Photographic Exhibition of “Rayonnisme / Rayonism” Tour - Invitational Exhibition of Taiwan 1983-84.
一九八三〜八四年中華民國臺灣 馬天亮攝影巡迴邀請展
TianLiang Maa (Theophilus Raynsford Mann) Photographic Exhibition of Rayonnisme / Rayonism (32 individual exhibitions) 1983~1985.
馬天亮『光影』攝影特展（個人展32場）1983〜1985年.
Maa staged 32 individual, extraordinary exhibitions and annual special exhibitions on photography of abstractive image and Rayonnisme around Taiwan / Formosa. Maa was the first exhibitor around the country. All of the invited displays were by the Chinese Government, cultural and artistic organisations, and sponsors. Maa’s earliest exhibition took place in the National Taiwan Arts Education Institute (Museum) on 19 December 1983 when Maa was 25 years old; Maa was the youngest exhibitor in the history of the Institute in any solo exhibitions. The Institute that was opened in March 1957, kept a collection of Maa’s work. It is currently updating the Institute’s internal organisation and strengthening co-operation with leading institutes and museums around the world. Meanwhile, it widened the institute’s scope to increase its emphasis on Taiwan’ regional culture and folk arts.
Modernization in the Modern Abstract Arts of Taiwan
Maa’s works is the beginning of modernization in the modern abstract arts of Taiwan, China and greater Chinese society in the world. The use of “modernisation” as a concept that is opposed to “Traditional” of “Conservative” ideas began with the approach of the 20th century. It spreads rapidly through academic circles, and was broadly accepted as a means to reform society. Chinese Manchu Qing (Ching) dynasty’s first steps toward modernisation began in the Tung-chih era (1862-1874) with the “Self-Empowerment Movement”. During the late 19th century, as late Manchu dynasty was confronted on all sides by foreign aggression, voices throughout society debated the most effective means to reform and strengthen the country. Some advocated “combining the best of East and West”, while others went so far as to call for “complete Westernisation”. Taiwan was at the centre of these waves of reform. Faced with direct threats against the island by foreign enemies, the Chinese Ching dynasty court took special steps to push Taiwan’s modernisation.
In a role just like that of a gardener wanting to create a rich and fertile environment for the seeds of culture, one in which Maa may sprout, grow and bloom. Maa aims to provide an educational stimulus for society by introducing his works - Maa can express the neo-romantic spirit deftly from various creations and supporting international artistic exchanges. Maa believes that the first step in creating such a new and independent state is the real emergence of culture and arts, for which the art and science of designing and erecting buildings, and fine arts (including photography and motion picture) of the civilization is a good measurement of success. For the foreseeable future, Maa should be continuing to forge ahead, working diligently and unceasingly towards its mission of raising China and Formosa / Taiwan’s culture in his spare time.
Became an Author and a Scholar
In 1980, TianLiang Maa completed his first book - scenario original “The Soul's Sentimentalizing”, also named: “Hun Yun : Jin Qi Tu Rui” 電影原著《魂韻》(衿契吐蕊) then Maa was at the age of 22. In 1983, The General Library of the University of California, Berkeley in the United States of America, collected and kept Maa’s writings - scenario original「魂韻 : 衿契吐蕊」“Hun Yun : jin qi tu rui”, included a musical composition of his own – “Sonate Nr. 1 C-dur op. 3 für Klavier (piano)”, composed on 3rd April 1977 (then Maa was 18 years old). The works were published in 1980; the theme was based on “The Soul's Sentimentalizing”. Another masterpiece was an Album of Academic Work for News Publication “TianLiang Maa (Theophilus Raynsford Mann) Photographic Exhibition of Rayonnisme / Rayonism”, published in 1985. The Hathi Trust Digital Library, the University of Michigan also collected and kept Maa’s writings.
Authorship
Maa’s articles and writings were published in more than 200 different kinds of domestic and foreign magazines, newspapers, and periodicals, in the period between May of 1972 and 1990s. It was all started when Maa was just 13-year-old. Many of which have been very influential. These have been quoted by Western and Eastern scholars many times in the last few years, making Maa one of the highly cited technological, artistic, and managing public administrators in the world in the late 20th and early 21st century. The Ministry of the Interior in Taiwan had registered Maa’s professional writings and given him two certificates of copyright. The numbers are 33080 and 33081 on 4th July of 1985; and Taiwan’s Gazette of The Presidential Office issue No. 4499, featured his writings on 4th September 1985.
Became an Academic and Film Director
Today, Maa is a professor at Space Time Life Research Academy, and a photographer, film director, and computer engineer now live and work in London.
Director Works:
FILMS:
Experimental Film “New Image for the Spring” © 1982
Documentary Film “Rayonnisme” © 2011
“The Soul's Sentimentalizing” of the feature film is based on the scenario original “The Soul's Sentimentalizing” (preparation)
FASHION SHOWS:
New Image for the Spring of Shapely Models International © 1982
High Lights on the Summer and Fall Fashion of Shapely Models Int’l © 1982
ART EXHIBITIONS:
The Cadillac Club International Fine Arts Exhibition © 1981
The Cinematic & Photographic Arts Salon and the Hall of the Arts, Pegasus Academy of Arts © 1981
Musician Work:
MUSIC COMPOSITION:
Sonate Nr. 1 C-dur op. 3 für Klavier (piano) © 1977, © 1980, © 1981, © 1983, the theme was based on “The Soul's Sentimentalizing”.
PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUMS:
Portrait and Landscape in France © 2000
Portrait and Landscape in Scotland © 2001
Portrait and Landscape in England © 2009
Portrait at Queen Mary, University of London © 2010
Rayonism of London © 2011
Portrait at The University of Nottingham, United Kingdom © 2011
Snowy London © 2012
Portrait at King's College London © 2013
BOOKS:
Scenario Original「魂韻」(衿契吐蕊) “Hun yun: jin qi tu rui” © December 1980, © 1981, © 1983 (Date of First Publication: 31 December 1980, Second Edition on 29 July 1981, Date of Revision: Revised Edition on 8 May 1983), Languages: Chinese (traditional), and English language.
“Album of the Cadillac Club International Fine Arts Exhibition” © 1981
“Album of the Cinematic & Photographic Arts Salon and the Hall of the Arts, Pegasus Academy of Arts” © 1981
“Album of New Image for the Spring of Shapely Models International” © 1982
“Album of High Lights on the Summer and Fall Fashion of Shapely Models Int’l” © 1982
“Romantic Carol” © 1982
Album of Academic Work for News Publication: “TianLiang Maa (Theophilus Raynsford Mann) Photographic Exhibitions of Rayonnisme” © May 1985
新聞出版之學術著作專輯「馬天亮『光影』“Rayonism” 攝影展」© May 1985
New version of scenario original “The Soul's Sentimentalizing” (to be published)
「曾經輝煌到頂天立地」(individual biography, to be published)
“My Life, My History, and My Love” (based on a legend, to be published, a film scenario will be developed later)
「感動的公平與正義」“Touching Fairness and Justice” (political science and social studies, to be published)
Research Interests:
University of Oxford
Research Studies in Archaeology:
Maa’s attractive topic was “A View of Architectural History: Towns through the Ages from Winchester through London Arrived at Oxford in England”.
National Taiwan University
Graduate Certificate,
Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering:
Maa’s monograph of seminar was “Applied the sequence control in the electric power distribution engineering”.
University of Glamorgan
M.Sc. Course,
Master of Science in Real Estate Appraisal:
Maa’s thesis - major subject, with relevant construction law was “The Assignment is under Economics of Construction Management in Architecture”.
National Sun Yat-Sen University
Postgraduate Certificate,
Postgraduate Studies in Computing:
Maa’s required subject was Information dBase III Plus and Taiwanese Traditional Mandarin Chinese Information System. He combined academic course work and practical laboratory sessions in “Applied Mandarin Phonetic Symbols into Traditional Taiwanese Personal Computer and Its Information System”.
Associations:
Since 1980, a member of Chinese Taipei Film Archive (CTFA, National Film Archive, Taiwan; founded in 1978), The Motion Picture Foundation, R.O.C. (member of Fédération Internationale des Archives du Film, FIAF; The International Federation of Film Archives was founded in Paris in 1938 by the British Film Institute, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, the Cinémathèque Française and the Reichsfilmarchiv in Berlin.)
Commissioner of the cinema, photography, radio, and television committee of The Culture and Arts Association (Chinese Writers and Artists Association) of Taiwan ever since September 1983.
Classic member, the membership is equivalent to a doctorate membership of the Chinese Institute of Electrical Engineering since 23 March 1984.
On 15 March 1989, Maa promoted and founded the Consortium Juridical Person Mr. TianLiang Maa Social Benefit Foundation 財團法人馬天亮先生社會公益基金會籌備處 (Social Charity 社會慈善事業) in Taiwan.
near.archives.gov.tw/cgi-bin/near2/nph-redirect?rname=tre...
Classic member, the membership is equal to a professor or associate professor of The Chinese Institute of Engineers since 30 September 1991.
Honours:
Listed on ‘Taiwan Who’s Who In Business’, © 1984, © 1987, and © 1989 Harvard Management Service.
中華民國企業名人錄編纂委員會, 哈佛企業管理顧問公司.
On 26 August 1985, Maa was awarded a professional certificate of the Outdoor Artistry Activities issued by Education Bureau, Kaohsiung City Government, Taiwan. He acquired awards and certificates of honour about twenty times from National Taiwan Arts Education Center (Museum) on 24 December 1983; Kaohsiung Municipal Social Education Center on 17 March 1984, Kaohsiung Cultural Center, Taipei Cultural Center (Taipei Municipal Social Education Hall); and Taiwan Province Government, Taipei City Government, Kaohsiung City Government, and many cultural centres and art galleries, and so on.
Careers:
Honorary Professor at Space Time Life Research Academy, 7 June 2012 to present; Professor at Space Time Life Research Academy, 1 September 2011 to 1 June 2012 in London, United Kingdom:
Academia,
Teaching and Research:
business management and consultant, political philosophy, Chinese classics, Chinese humanities, modern Chinese language and literature, photography (portrait, fashion, commercial, digital, architectural, abstract photography), visual arts and film production.
教學與研究：
企業管理及顧問、政治哲學、中華經典 (古典漢學、文學、藝術、語言) 、中華人文、中華現代語言與文學、攝影 (人像、時裝、商業、數位/數碼、建築、抽象攝影) ，視覺藝術和影片製作。
Consultant and Translator at Eternal Life Consultants of Immigration and Translations Services, 10 March 2004 to present in London, United Kingdom:
consultants of immigration, translations, and legal services.
永生移民顧問翻譯服務社的移民諮詢顧問和翻譯：
移民事務，翻譯和法律服務。
Computer Hardware & Networking Engineer at Maa Office of Electrical Engineer, 8 March 2004 to present in London, United Kingdom:
Computer Engineering and Network Services. Repairing of Motherboards, Monitors, Power Supplies, CD-ROM Drives; UPS, Hard Disk Drives, H.D.D Data Recovery; BIOS Programming, and all types of Computer Hardware and Software Solutions.
計算機工程和網絡服務。維修主機板，顯示器，電源供應器，光碟機/光盘驱动器，不斷電系統，硬碟/硬盘，硬盤數據恢復，基本輸入輸出系統編程，以及所有類型的電腦/計算機硬體/硬件和軟體/軟件解決方案。
Film Director & Photographer at Photographer and Film Director (Shapely), 2 April 2007 to present in London, United Kingdom:
1) Photo, Video and Film Production; 2) Graphic Design, Web Design, Social Networking, Social Media and Advertising; 3) Architectural Design and Interior Design.
www.facebook.com/filmshapely/info
Reformer and Philosopher at Taiwanese Social Reformer and Philosopher, 7 April 2012 (location: Los Angeles, California) to present in London, United Kingdom:
Social Reform in Taiwan
www.facebook.com/twreform/info
《魂韻》(衿契吐蕊) - 馬天亮22歲寫的電影原著。TianLiang Maa (Theophilus Raynsford Mann) wrote “Hun Yun” (Jin Qi Tu Rui), scenario original “The Soul’s Sentimentalizing” © 1980, 1981, 1983, was at the age of 22.
Website
mtltwp.pixnet.net/album/set/1265174
photo.roodo.com/photos/mtltwp/albums/small/100469.html
www.facebook.com/hunyun22/info
Sonate Nr. 1 C-dur op. 3 für Klavier (piano) by Theophilus Raynsford Mann (TianLiang Maa 馬天亮) © 1977, © 1980, © 1981, © 1983. The Sonate composed on 3rd April 1977 then Maa was 18-year-old. The work was published in 1980; the theme was based on “The Soul's Sentimentalizing”.
Website
mtltwp.pixnet.net/album/set/1265208
album.blog.yam.com/mtltwp&folder=9369697
photo.roodo.com/photos/mtltwp/albums/small/100477.html
www.facebook.com/sonate1c/info
LINKS:
University of California, Berkeley
berkeley.worldcat.org/search?q=Ma%2C+Tianliang&dblist...
berkeley.worldcat.org/title/hun-yun/oclc/813684284?refere...
oskicat.berkeley.edu/record=b11283690~S1
University of Michigan
mirlyn.lib.umich.edu/Record/006237256
catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006237256
WorldCat® Identities
www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3AMa%2C+Tianliang%2C&dbl...
www.worldcat.org/wcidentities/np-ma,%20tianliang$1958
Google Books
books.google.co.uk/books?id=PkyaAAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y
books.google.co.uk/books?id=JfxnMwEACAAJ&dq=editions:...
scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=3569983911138966023&am...
National Bibliographic Information Network (NBINet)
nbinet3.ncl.edu.tw/search~S10?/a%7bu99AC%7d%7bu5929%7d%7b...
192.83.186.170/search*cht/a%E9%A6%AC%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AE
National Yang Ming University 國立陽明大學
library.ym.edu.tw/search~S7*cht?/tThe+Soul%27s+and+sentim...
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology 國立臺灣科技大學
millennium.lib.ntust.edu.tw/record=b1016706~S1
Wikimedia Commons 維基共享資源
commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=TianLiang+Maa+%E...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TianLiang_Maa_馬天亮.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:馬天亮_TianLiang_Maa.jpg
國家圖書館 期刊文獻資訊網, 臺灣期刊論文索引
readopac3.ncl.edu.tw/nclJournal/search/search_result.jsp?...
聲音藝術的審美角度, 大學雜誌, 天然
readopac3.ncl.edu.tw/nclJournal/search/detail.jsp?sysId=0...,
readopac3.ncl.edu.tw/nclJournal/search/detail.jsp?sysId=0...
為文化中心把脈, 幼獅文藝
readopac3.ncl.edu.tw/nclJournal/search/detail.jsp?sysId=0...,
科學家與守財奴, 中國地方自治
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Yahoo, Bing, Google Search
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Atomzone
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lurvely.com www.lurvely.com/photographer/77438197_N03/
www.flickriver.com/photos/mtltwp/
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Nature - National Library Board Singapore
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画像検索
flickr.akitomo.net/TianLiang+Maa/1
Japan Photos and Pictures
japan.pictures-photos.com/professor-tianliang-maa%E2%80%A6
summer.pictures-photos.com/professor-tianliang-maa%E2%80%A6
man fashion
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Travel Splash
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Country profile Taiwan
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itpints
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AskJot
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Who is talking
whotalking.com/flickr/TianLiang+Maa
University of California, Berkeley period
atomzone.co.uk/scaffold/images/search/University%20of%20C...
University of Michigan period
atomzone.co.uk/scaffold/images/search/University%20of%20M...
University of Oxford period
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University of Glamorgan period
atomzone.co.uk/scaffold/images/search/University%20of%20G...
www.worldofbuildings.worldofbuildings.org/flickr/wob_flic...
University of Huddersfield period
atomzone.co.uk/scaffold/images/search/University%20of%20H...
art galleries uk
artgalleriesuk.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/bigandtall-stores-s...
Mitrasites system
sites.google.com/site/mitrasites/system/app/pages/customS...
articles.whmsoft
articles.whmsoft.com/related_search.php?keyword=Tianliang...
pantieslace-forwomen.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/motherhood-ma...
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www.flickriver.com/search/%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87+OR.../recent/
German
www.wer-ist.org/person/Jin_Mann
www.naif.org.tw/upload/76/20140408_202152.28156.pdf
HOMEPAGE
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Wheels
Wheels:http://www.corwheels.com/precise/
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Pica, actually; High Park to be precise... This - and another - little building were built either during or just after WWII as a radio beacon, named after nearby Dean Cross.
Dean Cross still exists in the world of aviation radio-navigation, but is located twelve miles north of here, at Moota.
Unsure of the role of this building, but there's what looks suspiciously like an RF feeder window above the door, and there are, or were, the remains of a stove and toilet within. The site used a rhombic antenna. Photographed about 1982.
If this pic looks familiar, there's more detail on my web-site.
Pentax MX, 28mm lens, Ilford FP4 ISO 125 B&W negative film.
he loves touching up skulls, he does. Hurhur.
I took this JUST as he was moving back from it, and expected a blur of 8-bit flavour motion, but instead caught him in a rather precise pursed-lip pose.
This is a component for a nanofactory.
A device to lock out arbitrary shaped micro-components from a practically perfect vacuum (green)** to a gas or liquid filled environment (red) without letting a single molecule of the medium back in. The device needs to be atomically precise with atomically flat piston surfaces. As of 2015 this device is not yet producible.
** Practically perfect vacuum is a requirement for mechanosynthesis of diamond. Although it is not yet possible to attain such a vacuum in today’s ultra high vacuum (UHV) vessels (which are in the meter scale and have imperfect steel walls which adsorb gas molecules) estimative calculations show that practically perfect vacuum certainly will be possible in microscopic atomically precise vessels made from gemstone like materials.
CC-BY Lukas M. Süss aka mechadense
2021 Cracker Barrel
National Battle of the Bands
Presented by Pepsi Zero Sugar
NRG Stadium
Houston, TX
8-29-21
Norfolk State University
Hot Ice & Legion Band
@hotice_precise
An image of the active Fuego volcano cone in Guatemala on October 24. Waiting for the precise moment of lava eruption, a sequence of the comet was taken and the location that coincided with the volcano was sought some time after sunset.
2021 Cracker Barrel
National Battle of the Bands
Presented by Pepsi Zero Sugar
NRG Stadium
Houston, TX
8-29-21
Norfolk State University
Hot Ice
@hotice_precise
Wheels
Wheels:http://www.corwheels.com/precise/
Contact Info
Phone: 305.477.5850
Email: info@corwheels.com
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Day 40
8 July 2009
Today is a bit of a milestone being that I made it to day 40. Anyway, the Pilot Precise V5 and Moleskine are are my absolute favorite pen and paper. I use them every single day, so I thought it was a good shot since it's something that's part of my everyday life.
"The precise story that Albert Watson is telling in this picture is not entirely clear, but then Miuccia Prada has always enjoyed an enigma. The product, bearing the Prada logo and the expensive wallet spilling money are surely both the story, but not in an obvious way. The eye is drawn to the nude body, the tumbled hair & the satin sheets (or is it a dress?) in this intriguing and mysterious image before the details of the front of the picture are fully noticed. This almost subliminal approach of Miuccia Prada continues to return in advertising."
Colin McDowell
A precise example of when the interior design is coloured with more light tonnes andsupported with full sunlight, it makes the layout more spacious, cozy and intimate. Curved seating group, dining area and a automated TV is located full glass living area.
#yacht #yachting #superyacht #megayacht #superyachtlife #vyd #vyd_studio #yachtinglifestyle #millonairelifestyle #interior #interiordesign #luxury #luxurydesign #luxurylife #lifestyle #luxurystyle #yachtdesign #yachtlife #design #exteriordesign #motoryacht #exploreryacht #sailing #sailyacht
BARKSDALE AIR FORCE BASE, La. -- Airman 1st Class Andre Avilez and Senior Airman Kyle Farmer, members of the 2nd Civil Engineer Squadron, take measurements to place wood frames in preparation for laying down sidewalk here Jan. 16, 2013. The 2nd CES has the responsibility of maintaining base infrastructure and setting up construction projects. (U.S. Air Force photo/Airman 1st Class Andrew Moua)
Epipogium aphyllum Sw., syn.: Satyrium epipogium L.
Ghost orchid, DE: Blattlose Widerbart
Slo.: brezlistni nadbradec
Dat.: Aug. 1. 2016
Lat.: 46.41 Long.: 13.75 (coordinates are not precise)
Code: Bot_994/2016_DSC4325
Habitat: steep mountain slope, southwest aspect, mixed Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies wood, under beeches; associated with Yellow bird's-nest (Hypopitys monotropa), Yellow coralroot (Corallorhiza trifida), Red Helleborine (Cephalanthera rubra) and Broad-leaved helleborine (Epipactis helleborine aggr), in shade, calcareous ground, on places with little or no ground vegetation, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation approximately 1.200 m (4.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.
Substratum: loose hummus soil.
Place: Trenta valley, near Vršič pass road, southwest slopes of Mt. Prisank, 2.547 m (8.357 feet), East Julian Alps, Posočje, Slovenia EC.
Comment: It is always a happy event to see this legendary rare, mysterious and highly endangered wild orchid. This is particularly so, because even if one knows exactly where and when to search for it, it doesn't appear every year. Sometimes, searching can be of no avail for several consecutive years. I've been following its occurrence at these two sites for eight years now. The best blooming occurred in 2008 and much weaker in 2011. Next years there was nothing to see. In 2015 I found 16 plants in bloom and in this year there were about the same number at the first spot and only a single plant on the second spot. However, several have just protruded the ground surface and it seems possible that some more will appear in the next days.
This achlorophyllous (having no chlorophyll), mycoheterotrophic (getting at least some part of its food from parasitism upon fungi) (not saprophytes! as frequently stated, see: Ref.:8), Euro-Asiatic plant, mostly living underground, has disappeared already from many places in Europe. O. Sebald et al. (1998) reports about a place in Baden-Württemberg, DE, which has been occasionally monitoring now for almost 80 years. Sources from 1935 talk about "thousands of blooming plants". The place was extensively studied again in 1996. Population found counted only 18 blooming plants. Drawings of the plants from 1935 show large groups of plants with up to 15 flowers per stem. In 1996 ten of 18 plants found had only a single flower and the highest number of flowers found was three - on a single plant. The main reason for this drastic decline seems to be nitrogenized soil through polluted air. Obviously no local protection means can help against polluted air.
Protected by Uredba o zavarovanih prosto živečih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, št. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004). Pravilnik o uvrstitvi ogroženih rastlinskih in živalskih vrst v rdeči seznam, Uradni list RS, št. 82/2002 (Regulation of enlisting of endangered plant and animal species onto Red List, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 82/2002) (2002) marked by "E" representing a critically endangered species.
Ref.:
(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1049.
(2) B.Dolinar, Kukavičevke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga, (2015), p 85.
(3) A.Martinči et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnična Založba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 668.
(4) O. Sebald, S. Seybold, G. Philippi, A. Wöerz, Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Baden-Württembergs, Ulmer, Band 8. (1998), p 318.
(5) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 100.
(6) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 144.
Aïkido
Plus de 250 pratiquants de l'art martial d'Aïkido ont participé à un stage de trois jours à la salle omnisports de Marville le week-end dernier. « Après avoir animé un rassemblement à Gignac (34), l'expert Japonais Tsurozo Miyamoto, 7e dan, a dirigé le stage malouin », a précisé le président du comité régional Christian Massez.
Nombreux participants avaient fait le déplacement de tout l'hexagone ainsi que l'Allemagne, la Suisse et la Grande-Bretagne. L'Association Sportive de la Jeanne d'Arc était le club hôte de la manifestation.
L'aïkido (合気道, aikidō?) est un art martial japonais (budo), fondé par Morihei Ueshiba O sensei entre 1925 et 1960. L'aïkido a été officiellement reconnu par le gouvernement japonais en 1940 sous le nom d’aikibudō1. Il a été créé à partir de l'expérience que son fondateur avait de l'enseignement des koryu (écoles d'arts martiaux anciennes), essentiellement le ju-jitsu de l'école daitō ryū, le kenjutsu2 (art du sabre japonais) et l'aikijutsu. L'aïkido est né de la rencontre entre ces techniques de combat et une réflexion métaphysique de Morihei Ueshiba sur le sens de la pratique martiale à l'ère moderne.
L'aïkido se compose de techniques avec armes et à mains nues utilisant la force de l'adversaire, ou plutôt son agressivité et sa volonté de nuire. Ces techniques visent non pas à vaincre l'adversaire, mais à réduire sa tentative d'agression à néant3. L'aïkido peut être considéré comme la concrétisation du concept de légitime défense : une réaction proportionnée et immédiate à une agression. En fait, dans l'esprit de l'aïkido, il n'y a pas de combat, puisque celui-ci se termine au moment même où il commence. Conformément à cette logique, il n'existe pas de compétition d'aïkido excepté dans le style Shodokan fondé par Kenji Tomiki (et de ce fait appelé aussi Tomiki ryu, École Tomiki).
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Warangal Fort, in the present-day Indian state of Telangana, appears to have existed since at least the 13th century CE. Although precise dating of its construction and subsequent enhancements are uncertain, historians and archaeologists generally accept that an earlier brick-walled structure was replaced with stone by Ganapatideva, who died in 1262, and that his successors – Rudramadevi and Prataparudra II – added to its height and added gateways, square bastions and additional circular earthern walls prior to the latter's death in 1323. This places the construction towards the end of the Kakatiya period. There were later modifications between the 15th and 17th centuries, comprising principally the addition of barbicans to the four gates in the stone wall and the creation of gates in the outer earthern wall.
Remnants of the structure can be seen today near to the town of Warangal, which was the Kakatiya capital. The Archaeological Survey of India has listed the remains as a Monument of National Importance.
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The 12th and the 13th centuries saw the emergence of the Kakatiyas. They were at first the feudatories of the Western Chalukyas of Kalyana, ruling over a small territory near Warangal. A ruler of this dynasty, Prola II, who ruled from A.D.1110 to 1158, extended his sway to the south and declared his independence. His successor Rudra (A.D.1158--1195) pushed the kingdom to the north up to the Godavari delta. He built a fort at Warangal to serve as a second capital and faced the invasions of the Yadavas of Devagiri. The next ruler Mahadeva extended the kingdom to the coastal area. In A.D.1199, Ganapati succeeded him. He was the greatest of the Kakatiyas and the first after the Satavahanas to bring the entire Telugu area under one rule. He put an end to the rule of the Velanati Cholas in A.D.1210. He forced the Telugu Cholas of Vikramasimhapura to accept his suzerainty. He established order in his vast dominion and encouraged trade.
As Ganapati Deva had no sons, his daughter Rudramba succeeded him in A.D.1262 and carried on the administration. Some generals, who did not like to be ruled by her, rebelled. She could, however, suppress the internal rebellions and external invasions with the help of loyal subordinates. The Cholas and the Yadavas suffered such set backs at her hands that they did not think of troubling her for the rest of her rule.
Prataparudra succeeded his grandmother Rudramba in A.D.1295 and ruled till A.D.1323. He pushed the western border of his kingdom up to Raichur. He introduced many administrative reforms. He divided the kingdom into 75 Nayakships, which was later adopted and developed by the Rayas of Vijayanagara. In his time the territory constituting Andhra Pradesh had the first experience of a Muslim invasion. In A.D.1303, the Delhi Sultan Ala-ud-din Khilji sent an army to plunder the kingdom. But Prataparudra defeated them at Upparapalli in Karimnagar district. In A.D. 1310, when another army under Malik Kafur invaded Warangal, Prataparudra yielded and agreed to pay a large tribute. In A.D.1318, when Ala-ud-din Khilji died, Prataparudra withheld the tribute. It provoked another invasion of the Muslims. In A.D.1321, Ghiaz-ud-din Tughlaq sent a large army under Ulugh Khan to conquer the Telugu country then called Tilling. He laid siege to Warangal, but owing to internal dissensions he called off the siege and returned to Delhi. Within a short period, he came back with a much bigger army. In spite of unpreparedness, Prataparudra fought bravely. For want of supplies, he surrendered to the enemy who sent him to Delhi as a prisoner, and he died on the way. Thus ended the Kakatiya rule, opening the gates of the Telugu land to anarchy and confusion yielding place to an alien ruler.
The Kakatiya period was rightly called the brightest period of the Telugu history. The entire Telugu speaking area was under the kings who spoke Telugu and encouraged Telugu. They established order throughout the strife torn land and the forts built by them played a dominant role in the defence of the realm. Anumakonda and Gandikota among the `giridurgas', Kandur and Narayanavanam among the `vanadurgas', Divi and Kolanu among the `jaladurgas', and Warangal and Dharanikota among the `sthaladurgas' were reckoned as the most famous strongholds in the Kakatiya period. The administration of the kingdom was organized with accent on the military.
Though Saivism continued to be the religion of the masses, intellectuals favoured revival of Vedic rituals. They sought to reconcile the Vaishnavites and the Saivites through the worship of Harihara. Arts and literature found patrons in the Kakatiyas and their feudatories.
WIKIPEDIA & WIKIMAPIA
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Kilmallie Parish / Banavie War Memorial
More precise NGR NN 10875 76986
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Many local war memorials have been recently cleaned so came to see if this one had been cleaned but does not seem to have had any work done on it
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TO THE GLORIOUS MEMORY
OF THESE LOCHABER MEN WHO DIED
FOR KING AND COUNTRY IN THE GREAT WAR
1914- 1916
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MJR. E.S. GOOCH, TORCASTLE, BERKS YEOMANRY
TPR. A. MACDOUGALL, CORPACH, SCOTTISH HORSE
Q.M.S. J. CAMERON, MUIRSHEARLICH, LOVAT SCOUTS
TPR. J. MACSALMAN, BANAVUIE, LOVAT SCOUTS
TPR. A. CAMERON, GLENLOY, LOVAT SCOUTS
TPR. A. CAMERON, GUISACHAN, LOVAT SCOUTS
GUNR. D. MACDOUGALL, CORPACH, ARG.MTN.BTY.
PTE. D. CAMERON, CAOL, ROYAL SCOTS.
PTE. A. DONALDSON, MOUNT, K.O.S.B.
PTE. J. ROY DALZIEL, GUISACHAN, SCOTTISH RFLS.
PTE. A. GILLIES, LOCHY-SIDE, SCOTTISH RFLS.
L/CPL. A. CAMERON, BRAINCHAMUS, BLACK WATCH
L/CPL. J. GILMOUR, BLAICH, BLACK WATCH
SERGT. D. CAMPBELL, GLENPEAN, SEAFORTH HDRS.
L/CPL. J. GRAY, BANAVIE, SEAFORTH HDRS.
L/CPL. E. CAMPBELL, GLENPEAN, GORDON HDRS.
PTE. A. MACPHERSON, MUIRSHEARLICH, GORDON HDRS.
CAPT. A. CAMERON. OF LOCHIEL, CAMERON HDRS.
LIEUT. ARCHD. CAMERON. OF LOCHIEL, CAMERON HDRS.
PTE. P.A. SHAND, ACHNACARRY, CAMERON HDRS.
PTE. J. MACDONALD, ACHNACARRY, CAMERON HDRS.
PTE. H. MACCULLOCH, ACHNACARRY, CAMERON HDRS.
PTE. R. BAKER, ACHNACARRY, CAMERON HDRS.
PTE. P. MACDONALD, PUTACHAN, CAMERON HDRS.
PTE. J. MACLENNAN, GLEN-KINGIE, CAMERON HDRS.
PTE. B. SUTHERLAND, GLEN-KINGIE, CAMERON HDRS.
PTE. D. CAMPBELL, GAIRLOCHY,, CAMERON HDRS.
PTE. A. MACMASTER, MUIRSHEARLICH, CAMERON HDRS.
PTE. R.R.S. CRAWFORD, MANSE, CAMERON HDRS.
PTE. A. MACKENZIE, CORPACH, CAMERON HDRS.
PTE. D. MACMILLAN, CORPACH, CAMERON HDRS.
PTE. A. MACINTYRE, TRISLAIG, CAMERON HDRS.
PTE. J. CAMPBELL, BADABRIE, CAMERON HDRS.
PTE. A. MACLAREN, ARDECHIVE, CAMERON HDRS.
PTE. A. CAMERON, ACHAPHUBLE, CAMERON HDRS.
PTE. A. CAMERON, GLENMAILLIE, CAMERON HDRS.
PTE. J. MACLAREN, GLENFINNAN, CAMERON HDRS.
L/CPL. N. MARTIN, BANAVIE, ARG. & SUTHD. HDRS.
PTE. A.C. CAMERON, GLENMAILLIE, M.C.G.
PTE. M. COLQUHOUN, CORPACH, R.A.M.C.
PTE. J. CAMPBELL, GLENPEAN, R.A.M.C.
PTE. J. MACMASTER, FASSFERN, CANADIAN SFTHS.
D. GILLIES, LOCHY=SIDE, TRANSPORT
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"BITHIDH AN CLIU BUAN"
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1939 - 1945
A.B. T. ALEXANDER, TOMONIE, R.N.
A.B. J. MACDONALD, CORPACH, R.N.
A.B. D. ROBERTSON, CORPACH, R.N.
SGT. A. MACINTOSH, CORPACH, R.A.F.
PTE. D. MACDOUGALL, CORPACH, R.A.S.C.
PTE. K. MACDONALD, ACHNACARRY, CAM. HRS.
PTE. P. WILSON, TOMONIE, CAM. HRS.
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ID:MHG52984
Type of record:Monument
Name:Banavie War Memorial, Fort William
Grid Reference:NN 10871 76995
Map Sheet:NN17NW
Civil Parish:KILMALLIE
Geographical Area:LOCHABER
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Site Type WAR MEMORIAL (20TH CENTURY)
Canmore ID 318842
Site Number NN17NW 63
NGR NN 10871 76994
Council HIGHLAND
Parish KILMALLIE
Former Region HIGHLAND
Former District LOCHABER
Former County INVERNESS-SHIRE
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Bolivian geysers - somewhere near the border with northern Chile and the Atacama Desert. I don't know the precise location!
The Eduardo Avaroa Andean Fauna National Reserve (Reserva Nacional de Fauna Andina Eduardo Avaroa) (REA) is located in Sur Lípez Province. Situated in the far southwestern region of Bolivia, it is the country's most visited protected area. It is considered the most important protected area in terms of tourist influx in the Potosí Department.
Located at an altitude between 4,200 m (13,800 ft) and 5,400 m (17,700 ft) in Bolivia, it extends over an area of 714,745 hectares (1,766,170 acres) and includes the Laguna Colorada National Wildlife Sanctuary. Categorized under IUCN Category IV, it is primarily for the protection of birds that inhabit the different lagoons in the reserve. The reserve protects part of the Central Andean dry puna (oligothermic) ecoregion. The reserve's major attractions are erupting volcanoes, hot springs, geysers, lakes, fumaroles, mountains and its three endemic species of flamingos in particular.
Established in 1973, the national park is named after Eduardo Avaroa (1838–1879), the Bolivian war hero of the 19th century. It was created by Supreme Decree of 13 December 1973 and extended on May 14, 1981. Since 2009, the entire reserve is part of the larger Los Lípez Ramsar site.
Lakes include Laguna Verde, Laguna Colorada, Laguna Salada, Laguna Busch and Laguna Hedionda. Laguna Colorada lies at an altitude of 4,278 m (14,035 ft) and covers 60 km2 (23 sq miles). It is named after the effect of wind and sun on the micro-organism that live in it. The lake is very shallow, less than 1 m (3 ft) deep, and supports some 40 bird species, providing pink algae to population of rare James's flamingoes who can walk across it.
Compared to traditional intearctive whiteboards,the i3BOARD includes several unique features. Other than stylus and finger touch recognition, the precise and reliable V-Sense touch technology design allows multiuser interaction up to 10 simultaneous touches. The ultra-narrow aluminium frame gives the i3BOARD a sleek appearance and makes maintenance easy, lowering the long term total cost of ownership.
Although a precise date of construction has yet to be determined, the aqueduct was likely built in the early 2nd century or late 1st century CE. Until the mid 19th century, it continued to bring water to Segovia from the Rio Frio, some 17 km (11 mi) from the city. It highest point is 29 m (94 ft) above the ground.
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