View allAll Photos Tagged plating
This view show a well shield armour plating to protect one of it big armaments on the both side. The closest gun is 100mm can gun.
Seen here at Pennant Hills NSW
"Physical Description
EXTERNAL
Locomotive 4490 is a Co-Co diesel-electric of car-body design with a full-width cab and streamlined nose. The locomotive is built around a rigid plate frame with the sides of the locomotive body being fabricated with framework and plating. A full width cab is fitted at the No. 1 end, behind a streamlined yet blunt nose. A transition coupling is fitted along with a buffing plate below the front end, which displays a twin-beam headlamp and two illuminated road number boxes, marker lamps and a cluster of multi-chime air horns. A cab is provided at the No.2 end of the locomotive, the cab being flat in profile with a gangway door with a headlamp and marker lights. The locomotive is painted overall Indian red, with yellow stripes, lined in red and black bogies. Reflective markings have been added. Staff exchanger boxes have been plated over for an unknown reason.
MECHANICAL
It is powered by a single 12 cylinder, turbo-charged, 4 cycle, ‘V’ formation, trunk piston, compression ignition oil engine, supplied by the American Locomotive Company (ALCo). The prime mover drives an 1800hp General Electric (GE) generator, coupled by switchgear to six traction motors. The locomotive is fitted with 3PE 6-wheel Goodwin-Alco World Bogies with a central electric motor on each axle.
Historical Notes
Locomotive 4490 is one of 100 locomotives that made up the 44 Class, and was ordered by the New South Wales Government Railways (NSWGR) in December 1964, part of the last batch of 40 units, the first small batch of ten being ordered in March 1957. The order was placed with A.E.Goodwin of St Marys, Locomotive 4490 being completed and formerly handed over in July 1967. Based upon ALCo’s 1800hp ‘World Model’ (DL500B), the class represented a standardisation of design for mainline diesel-electric power. The class was immediately utilised on a number of express passenger workings, including the Melbourne Limited, Inter-Capital Daylight and Brisbane Expresses. They were also used on the Southern Aurora and later the Indian Pacific following its inauguration in 1970. Fast freight workings were another duty for the class. Their lengthy service life was characterised by trouble-free running, popularity with crews, unprecedented working intensity and increasing orders. As newer diesels were delivered, withdrawals commenced in the late 1980s until all remaining units including 4490 were stopped in July 1994.
Locomotive 4490 was subsequently transferred to the New South Wales Rail Transport Museum where it was repainted to its original livery for use as part of their charter fleet. The livery has since been modified to a version of the original 4401 livery."
Info source, and more, here:
www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDe...
MFZ Frame:
Advanced Rulings
Aquatic. 20HP
Rd8-Close: Hydraulic Crush Jaws
Rd4-Mid: Auto Gun Turrets
Rd6-Long: Hydrogen Torpedo Rockets
Gd6: Hydro Propulsion Jets
Bd6: Armored Plating
This is just a compost bowl. It looks like some fancy dessert, some bougie preparation plating, but it's just an espresso puck, some strawberry guts, and radish roots.
Marinated beef steak, sweet potato with beetroot puree, caramelized ginger and carrot, avocado and some micro greens.
Got to be ready for my cooking degree and whats better than practicing at home and taking your own photos!
First attempt to cook and photograph a dish and i have to say i like the result though it took me 3 hours from zero to this.
Hope you like it more to come :)
Plating up at Cail Bruich, restaurant, Glasgow. Part of a series of images from "An Evening With Jamie Scott."
I manage to get close to the nearest window as sniper round smashes through the glass and collide with the barrel of petrol. In less than a second the barrel explodes and the others follow its lead soon after. The building supports are taken out in the first wave of explosions causing the building to come toppling down towards me. Desperately I pull out my grapple and launch it at the nearest building and I narrowly manage to get the claw to attach. With that I start to swing away from the collapsing structure, but things are never that simple. As I'm midswing I have my back turned to the building and a large piece of debris collide with me causing me to lose my grip. Amatuer you know better than that.
Desperately I try to reach for my backup grapple gun but it's too late. I hit the ground hard. Even with several layers of armour plating I break a few bones from the impact. From what I can tell I've broken my right arm and probably cracked a few ribs, at least my legs are in tact. Before I can lift myself off the ground though a smaller piece of debris hits me and causes me to blackout. I'm not sure how much time passes before I regain consciousness but the fires around me are still burning fiercly and the lack of any emergency services tells me it's not long.
With my torso trapped beneath the debris I can't manually signal the batmobile or batwing or get word out to Alfred as the comm system always needs a quick reboot after being in a black spot for so long. All I can hope is that with the building destroyed that my jammers were destroyed as well so my vitals will be trasmitting to the cave. Alfred knows the protocol. He's not to leave the cave until I report in safely. The appearance of just my vitals but not comms should be enough to alert him.
As I wait for Tim to arrive I manage to wrestle my left arm out from beneath the wreckage that had it trapped and reactivate my comms.
"Alfred....."
"Master Bruce! Are you alright sir? When I saw your vitals but nothing on your comm I feared the worst!"
"I'm fine Alfred, just a few broken bones. I need you to send Robin to my location immediately."
"He's already on his way. Wait, Broken bones? What happened sir?"
"There was an explosion......it took down the whole warehouse."
"Who could ha........do.........is.........mas...........bru....."
"Alfred you're breaking up."
"Master Bruce? Can yo.........ar...........me......."
Alfred's voice is quickly drowned out by the sound of static. That can mean only thing. Comms are being blocked. Guess my gunman is still here, and given my current condition I'm in no position to defend myself trapped beneath this debris let alone with my injuries as well. Desperately I place my left arm beneath the rubble and try to force it off me to no avail. It's too heavy to lift with one arm. The gunman is getting closer to my location as the static on my comms intensifies. With myself unable to move I'm a sitting duck. I've got only one choice and that's my taser gauntlets. These things have helped me a lot in the past, let's hope today will be no exception.
I decativate my comms to remove the static blaring my ears and allow myself to focus. I only get one shot with this so I need to make sure it hits. As I activate the necessary controls for me to my fire the taser in my gauntlet I see the shadow of a figure in the corner of my eye. He's close and he sees me. I let the figure come closer. When he's closer I'll have a better shot and it means that I get to see who the figure is before I tase them. Last thing I want is to tase Tim. Nothing screams thanks for the help than getting shocked by 26 watts of electricity.
The figure takes its time to approach me, no doubt checking for any traps I may have managed to set but after two minutes they come in to view. They're not Tim. I don't know who they are as they're wearing what appears to be an armoured suit with a mask covering their face. In their right hand they're carrying a pistol similar to the one I picked up in the warehouse before it exploded. So he's the one behind this. After further surveillance of the area surrounding me the figure put his pistol away clearly feeling at ease. I notice the handles of two katannas sticking out from behind the figure so I'd imagine he's more than just simply a good shot.
Based off the figures shape I suspect that the one wearing that suit is male and he doesn't walk so much as marches indicating he has some military quality to him. He must be the one behind Mayor March's murder. It all fits the bill. He's demonstrated he's a good shot having maanged to hit the barrel closest to me in the warehouse from a considerable distance, assuming he wasn't on the warehouse I tried to grapple to, matching the skill needed to perfectly kill two trained gunmen with only one shot to the head each. I don't know many other people who are that skilled with a firearm beyond Floyd Lawton but he's currently in Waller's clutches so it can't be him either. Unless of course he's suddenly taken an interest in sword play which I highly doubt. Besides Lawton's too much of an egotist to kill whilst wearing a mask. He'd want me to know it was him that brought me down so it's clearly not him.
Slade Wilson and Elliot Cadwell are both valid candidates for who this masked assailant could be, but after my encounters with both of them they'd want me to know it was them as they deliver the killing shot. Other than that I can't think of anyone else who fits the criteria needed to be this assailant. As my attempts to deduce this figures identity fail he places on of his legs on the debris that has me trapped and presses down on it.
"I'm dissappointed. After how much they spoke about you I would have thought you'd put up more of a fight."
The assailants voice is very clearly that of a male so my assumption was correct, though I've never heard the voice before thus adding to the belief that it's none of my three main candidates.
"Sorry to dissapoint."
I sieze the moment and clench my fist firing my taser at him. I manage to land a direct hit on him and for a few moments he's over come by the shock. It doesn't last long though as he grabs hold of the tasers cables and rips them off his torso before cutting the cables with one of his katannas.
"Not bad. I didn't see that coming. What else you got up your sleeve?"
I have a single batarang hidden up my sleeve that I can use but once I use that I'm defenceless without access to my belt so I'm reluctant to use it.
"Lift this thing off and you'll find out."
Honestly I'm not sure it makes any difference whether this debris is on top of me or not at this moment. My right arm's broken and the cracked ribs I suspect that I have are only going to slow me down if anything.
"It's tempting, but I think I prefer you like this. Under my heel where you belong."
He presses down harder on the rubble and I'm hit a by a jolt of pain. Definitely have some cracked ribs. The pain is intense and I want to let out a cry of pain but I know that's what he wants so I grit my teeth. Even though I'm not saying anything he can see that I'm in great pain.
"Stubborn one aren't you?"
He reaches for his second katanna and places them both in a scissors group with my head in the middle. Come on Tim I need you.
"I would love to just end it here and now."
Would love to implies he's not going to kill me at this moment. Not sure why not he's not going for the kill which has me even more worried than my current situation. What is he planning?
"But in order for me to ascend I must best you in combat."
"Best me in combat?"
"That is the will of the master. For me to ascend you must fall by my blade. A warriors death."
"Ascend to what?"
"To take my rightful place as...."
"Get away from him!"
On cue Tim drops out of the sky and forces his feet into the assailants torso sending him back. Tim quickly takes a defensive stance with his bo staff in hand as the assailant quickly regains his footing and takes an offensive stance with a katanna in each hand.
"A son......"
The tone in the assailants voice seems to have changed slightly. It almost sounds like he's worried by Tim's presence. Maybe he's not as skilled as I thought, why else would he be worried by Tim's presence unless he felt he lacked the skills to best him. No sooner does the thought cross my mind that the assailant reaches for his pistol holster.
"Robin look out!"
But Tim's seen it and places a small charge on the debris above me before jumping behind cover. The assailant opens fire on Tim's location blindly firing desperately trying to hit him. What happened to those firearm skills? I've crossed paths with Slade, Cadwell and Lawton before but they've never acted like this before, nor have they ever had such terrible aim. The assailant's clip quickly empties from all his blind firing and Tim takes the opportunity to strike hitting him with a shuriken. With the assailant briefly distracted Tim races over to me and detonates the charge on the rubble that's keeping me pinned, freeing me. We quickly run to where Tim was taking cover and the assailant begins firing on us again. He's fast at reloading I'll give him that. But unfortunately for him Tim's one step ahead of him.
"Pen-7 now!"
With that the Batwing takes a hovering position in front of the assailant and begins firing on his position. Those had better be the riot supressor rounds Alfred. I want answers from this guy.
"You alright?"
"Nothing that can't be fixed."
"Who is this guy?"
"That's what I want to find out."
We look out from behind the cover as the assailant throws down a smoke pellet and disappears. Alfred has the Batwing search the nearby area for him but I know he's jumped in the water, it's the best way to avoid pursuit by a light aircraft as beneath the waves you're all but invisible to cameras.
"We need to get after him he needs to pay for...ARGH!"
"Batman!"
"I'm fine Robin."
"No you're not. Your right arm is broken."
"It's fine.
"Trust me it's not. I'm taking you back to the cave. You're in no shape to go after him."
"We can't let him get away like this. Not after what he did to Lincoln."
"We won't Bruce. I promise. There'll be another night."
For this plating I took inspiration from the culinary olympics in Germany and attempted to create one of their dessert platings. My piping could have been thinner but in the rush to plate I ended up with a thicker line. The dessert is a chocolate mousse with shock temper chocolate around the sides topped with a chocolate triangle tuile. The side dessert is a chocolate/hazelnut feuilletine base. Topped with milk chocoate mousse and a chocolate butterfly on top.
Somewhere on a desert highway
She rides a Harley-Davidson
Her long blonde hair
Flyin' in the wind
She's been runnin' half her life
The chrome and steel she rides
Collidin' with the very
Air she breathes
The air she breathes.
This photo shows some of the layered plating to add some shaping to the top crown of the head and nose.
The White Spirit Wolf
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The spirit wolf appears in many North American native lore and spirituality. This build was a challenge to learn a new type of technique using Mixel ball joints to mesh wedge plates together into a sculptural bust. Many sculpters make marble busts, for me this was the LEGO equivalent to make an art sculpture.
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I learned the build method from Brick Science on YouTube. www.youtube.com/channel/UCpQB577lHFyWTyvrS73Ldlg
Riley is a TFOL who lives about an hour south in Colorado, and over a video call he was able to show me some of his models and reinforcement methods.
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About 100 hours off and on from April 30 - July 14
Head circumference: 165 studs, 52 in, 132 cm
Length: 79.4 studs, 25 in, 63.5 cm
Height: 73.8 studs, 23.25 in, 59 cm
Weight: 11 Lbs / 5 Kg
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KIDWELLY was originally the name of the district which included part of the coastlands lying between the estuaries of the Towy and the Loughor. In 1106, after the death of Howell ap Gronw, Henry I granted these lands to his minister, Roger, Bishop of Salisbury, who erected a castle at the mouth of the Gwaendraeth Fach. This formed one of a series of Norman strongholds designed to secure their newly won conquests in South Wales and to command the passage of the rivers across which the road to the west passed. A mention of the hall of the Castle in a document of 1115 or earlier shows that the building of Kidwelly must have been practically completed by that year. During the rising which followed the death of Henry I, the Battle of Maes Gwenllian was fought a short distance away from the castle (1136). The account speaks of Maurice de Londres, Lord of Kidwelly, and Geoffrey, Constable of the Bishop, as leaders of the Norman army. Maurice, who is mentioned for the first time in connection with this district, already possessed Ogmore in Glamorgan, where his father William de Londres appears to have been one of the original conquerors. The coupling of the two names suggests that Roger of Salisbury, while retaining possession of the castle, had granted the lordship of the district to Maurice de Londres, who probably acquired the castle also when the bishop died in the following year.
The Welsh chronicles record that, in 1190, the Lord Rhys built the castle of Kidwelly. This entry probably reflects a native conquest of the settlement, but the Normans must have recovered it before 1201, when Meredith, son of Rhys, was slain by the garrison of the castle. In 1215 Rhys Grug, another son of the Lord Rhys, captured Kidwelly and burnt the castle. He remained in possession until 1220, when Llywelyn the Great forced him to restore these conquests. The male line of the de Londres had become extinct during these troubles, and Kidwelly had passed to an heiress, Hawise. In 1225 she married Walter de Braose, who died during the campaign of 1233-4. Kidwelly Castle was by that date again in the possession of the Welsh as a result of the rising of 1231, when Llywelyn the Great, previously a supporter of the royal authority, had turned his arms against Henry III. Hawise de Londres, left a widow, was unable to regain possession of Kidwelly which, in 1242, was still held by Rhys's son Meredith. Two years later Hawise married Patrick de Chaworth, who seems to have recovered these lands soon after this date. The Welsh rising of 1257 involved the destruction of the settlement at Kidwelly, but the invaders failed to capture the castle. Patrick was slain during the campaign of the following year, and the wardship of his lands was granted to Hawise during the minority of their son Payn.
Payn de Chaworth must have attained his majority about 1270, as in that year he and his younger brother Patrick took the Cross. Hawise survived until 1274, and her death was soon followed by that of her two sons, Payn in 1279 and Patrick four years later. The elder brother died childless, and the younger left only an infant daughter, Matilda, who inherited Kidwelly and Ogmore. In 1291 the marriage of the young heiress was granted to the king's brother, Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, for the use of his second son, Henry, the union being celebrated in 1298.
The prominent part taken by Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, in the civil wars of Edward II's reign led to his execution after the Battle of Boroughbridge in 1322, but the forefeited title and estates were later restored to his younger brother, Henry. The extinction of the male line in 1361 caused a temporary partition of the Lancastrian possessions, but on the death of the elder co-heiress, Matilda, in the following year, the whole inheritance fell to her sister Blanche, wife of John of Gaunt, who became Earl and later Duke of Lancaster. On the accession of Henry IV, Kidwelly, together with the other Lancastrian possessions, passed into the hands of the Crown, and was of little importance during the fifteenth century. Henry VII granted the castle to Sir Rhys ap Tudor, whose grandson Rhys ap Griffith forefeited it in 1531. Later it was again alienated and passed to the Earls of Cawdor. The castle had long ceased to be habitable, but certain repairs were carried out during the nineteenth century. In 1927 the owner placed the ruins under the guardianship of the Commissioners of Works (now the Department of the Environment).
Since that date extensive works of preservation have been undertaken. In 1930 and 1931 excavations were carried out by Sir Cyril Fox and the writer in order to recover the earlier history of the castle. The results are embodied in the present guide, and the interesting series of relics recovered may be seen in the National Museum of Wales.
PERIODS OF CONSTRUCTION
THE earliest remains at Kidwelly, dating from the beginning of the twelfth century, are the semi-circular moat surrounding the castle together with the rampart under the outer curtain, the true meaning of which was revealed by the investigations of 1930-1. Of the hall mentioned in the deed of 1115 and the other buildings of the twelfth century no trace remains, though it is possible that an extensive search under the 2ft to 7ft of debris with which the whole interior of the castle was levelled in the early fourteenth century would lead to the recovery of their plan. The only tangible relic of Norman buildings is a small capital belonging to an attached column and probably forming part of a fireplace. This was found walled into the masonry of the hall of c1300, and may be ascribed to a date at the end of the twelfth century. The ramparts and moats surrounding the northern and southern outworks cannot be exactly dated, but analogy with other sites shows that they may well belong to this early period.
The oldest surviving masonry is that of the towers and the curtain enclosing the inner ward. This occupies a rectangular area with a circular tower at each angle. There are two gates, on the south and north sides, each protected by a portcullis. The erection of these defences within the circuit of the original bank and stockade marks the beginning of the refortification of the castle in accordance with the ideas of the late thirteenth century. The awkward way in which the two western towers are brought close to the foot of the earlier bank can only be understood when the pre-existence of this defence is realised, while the simple character of the gates, so different from the elaborate gatehouses of the normal concentric castle, must be similarly explained. The south-east tower was designed for occupation, but the hall and other structures of the earlier castle probably remained in use. Most of the dressed stonework of this period has disappeared, but the few remaining details are of thirteenth-century character, and this taken in conjunction with the plan suggests that the construction of the inner ward was carried out by Payn de Chaworth, c1275.
The replacement of the older buildings by a new hall, solar and kitchen and the erection of a chapel, form the next stage in the development of the castle. The different character of the masonry and the unusual position of the best-appointed private apartments in the southeast tower behind the screens of the hall prove that these additions were planned and built after the completion of the inner ward. The mouldings of the doors and windows belonging to this stage are all of late thirteenth- century character, and none need be earlier than 1300. The absence of glass grooves in the trefoiled lancet windows of the hall and chapel is also an early feature. It is perhaps unlikely that an extensive building programme would have been carried out during the minority of Matilda de Chaworth (1283-98), and a date before the death of her father Patrick is earlier than the architectural evidence would justify. The work should therefore in all probability be attributed to c1300, directly after the marriage of Matilda to Henry of Lancaster.
The design of the inner ward at Kidwelly presupposes an outer defensive zone, and the replacement of the original stockade with a stone curtain followed the completion of the living-quarters. The main gatehouse, the lesser northern gate, the outer curtain with its four flanking towers, and the mantlet between the north-eastern tower and the chapel, are part of a single design intended to bring Kidwelly into line with other concentric castles of this period. The position of the elaborate gatehouse, which could in case of need act as a separate defensive unit, on the line of the outer instead of the inner curtain is an abnormal feature imposed by the pre-existing layout of the site. The new masonry curtain of the outer ward was higher than the original stockade and necessitated the addition of a further storey to the towers of the inner ward in order that they might still command the outer defences. The details of this reconstruction are all of early fourteenth-century character, and the fortification of the outer ward must have been carried out during the first quarter of that century. On the completion of this work the surplus material from the bank and other rubbish was used to level up the interior of the castle, which it now covers to a depth varying from 2ft to 7ft. The closing of the open gorges of the towers of the outer curtain marks the last stage in the military development of Kidwelly and may also be ascribed to the fourteenth century. The existing gate in the south wall of the town also appears to be of fourteenth-century date, and it might be expected that the erection of these walls would have followed rather than preceded the reconstruction of the castle. But grants of murage in 1282 suggest an earlier date, and the solution of this problem must await further research.
There is reason to think that the great gatehouse may have stood unfinished through most of the fourteenth century and that the opening of a quarry `for the work of the new tower', recorded in 1388-9, may mark the beginning of the works needed to complete it. Ten years later, between 1399 and 1401, when the lord of the castle had become king in the person of Henry IV, there is another record of nearly £100 being spent ‘on the new work of the tower over the gates of the castle’, the near completion of which at this time can be inferred from an order of 1402 for it to be roofed in lead. But in the autumn of the following year the castle was besieged by the Welsh rebels, aided by a naval force from France and Brittany, and subsequent documents leave very little doubt that they succeeded in setting fire to the gatehouse and inflicting serious damage to it; so much so that between 1408 and 1422 a further £500-£600 had to be spent on it, and only in the latter year was it finally roofed with lead shipped from Bristol. A superficial indication of the new work may be seen in the patches of thin flat slabs which contrast with the irregularly coursed boulders of the original masonry. To it belong the triple machicolis high up on the outward face, the upper part of, the wall towards the courtyard, all the square-headed windows, the rectangular stair turret at the north-west corner, and the stone vaults inserted at different levels in the flanking towers as a protection against fire.
The last significant addition to the castle, probably made towards the end of the fifteenth century, was a large hall placed on the west side of the outer ward. This was connected with a kitchen in the south-west corner of the inner ward by the enlargement of a thirteenth century embrasure so as to form a passage-way. Buildings placed against the outer curtain reflect the increased complexity of life in the Tudor period, but the provision of an entirely new hall and kitchen suggests that the earlier hall was already ruinous.
KIDWELLY is one of the Norman foundations strung out along the coastal plain of South Wales. There is no evidence of any occupation before the grant to Roger, Bishop of Salisbury, and even if a small Celtic settlement existed, it has been without influence on the subsequent development of the site. Like many other Norman settlements which were then continually threatened by a hostile attack from the mountains, Kidwelly stands at the head of an estuary where the river was still navigable at high tide. This situation ensured a line of communications when the castle was surrounded and the roads cut by a Welsh rising.
THE SETTLEMENT
The settlement consists of two parts, the castle and the walled town on the west bank, and the priory church with the new town on the other side of the river. The two are joined by a two-arched bridge of fourteenth- or fiftecnth-century date. This carried the great road to West Wales, probably replacing an earlier structure. Modern development has greatly altered the appearance of the new town, the last of the picturesque medieval houses having recently been destroyed (1931). The priory church of St. Mary was founded by Bishop Roger before 1115, and became a cell of the abbey of Sherborne. Such foundations are typical of the Norman settlements in South Wales, the alien monks being introduced as a counterpoise to the patriotic sentiments of the native monasteries which too often served as focuses of anti-Norman feeling. The present building dates from the fourteenth century.
From the bridge the road to the castle leads through the defences of the old town. The walls have mostly disappeared, but the main gateway, apparently of early fourtheenth-century date, still spans the road. The line of the defences can still be traced by the earthen bank which preceded the walls. It encloses about eight acres including the castle which it surrounds on all sides except the east. A transverse ditch running west from the castle moat divides it into two nearly equal halves, of which it is probable that only the southern was walled. The defences consist of an earth bank and ditch except on the east, where the steep scarp above the river formed a natural protection. The date of these ramparts is not certainly known, but as the walling of the southern part is to be connected with grants of murage, c1280, and the erection of the gatehouse during the following century, there is good reason for suggesting that they form part of the original Norman settlement.
Although the medieval buildings within the walls have been replaced with modern houses, the line of the existing roads probably follows the original layout. Another feature of exceptional interest is the ruins of the medieval mill which with the contemporary weir and leat can be traced on the low ground between the old town and the river. At a comparatively modern date this was replaced by a more efficient type of mill, which in its turn is now disused.
THE CASTLE
After passing through the south gate of the town the road crosses the settlement and turning to the right reaches the gatehouse of the castle. The original bridge has been replaced by a causeway, the outer end of which starts from a small knoll. Trial excavations failed to recover the plan of the structure which this represented, and as the castle stood within the walled settlement, it is possible that the builders considered a barbican unnecessary.
The gatehall was closed at each end by a double gate preceded by a portcullis. On entering the outer ward the inner gate is seen in the centre of the south curtain of the inner ward. It is a simple structure, a mere arch through the curtain defended by a gate and a portcullis. The inner ward is rectangular with a circular tower at each angle. The earlier hall and solar lie on the east side, with the kitchen between the former and the gate. Behind the hall is the chapel, contained in a bastion projecting down the steep scarp above the river. A later kitchen occupies the south-west corner of the courtyard. The outer defences form a semi-circle based on the river. The masonry curtain and towers date from the fourteenth century, but they follow the lines of the original rampart which was disclosed by the 1931 excavations, and which can still be traced on the north and west sides. The Tudor hall standing free on the west side and several later buildings have encroached on the already restricted area of the outer ward. On the east, where the outer defences do not surround the inner ward, a small mantlet joins the north-east tower and the chapel.
The earlier domestic buildings
The thirteenth-century domestic buildings occupy the whole of one side of the inner ward. The hall and the solar together form a long range connecting the two eastern towers which are of slightly earlier date. The principal chambers were on the upper floor, below which were low rooms probably used as storehouses. The latter were lighted by narrow widely splayed windows looking on to the courtyard. The present divisions date from the period when the castle was put to base uses, as does the doorway piercing the east curtain and leading to the mantlet and the chapel. The entrance from the courtyard appears to be original. The upper part of the building is almost entirely destroyed. In the outer wall of the solar two trefoiled lancets and a fireplace with quoins and a hood of dressed Sutton stone are preserved. The splay of another window opening into the courtyard can be traced in the west wall, while a recess in the same side marks the position of the door leading into the hall. At the other end of this wall, where it joined the south curtain, the jamb of the doorway leading to the kitchen is visible. The kitchen is a small room with a large fireplace in the thickness of the south curtain. Outside the walls of the kitchen an irregular block of masonry marks the base of the stairs leading up to the hall. The exact position of the screens cannot be determined. From the passage behind them are doors leading to the chapel and the rooms below it, while further entrances give access to the tower.
The south-east tower
The south-east tower consists of five storeys. The lowest, a basement lighted by narrow loops, is reached by a door from the storeroom under the hall. The next stage, which has two narrow windows and a fireplace with quoins and hood of Sutton stone, seems originally to have been intended for residence, though after the hall was erected its position would suggest that it served as a buttery. This is confirmed by the contemporary blocking of the archway leading directly from the entrance passage to the circular staircase by which the upper rooms are reached. Like the ground floor, the next two storeys of this tower are decently appointed and seem to have been the private apartments of the castle. One of the narrow windows on the first floor was widened in Tudor times, the jambs of Sutton stone being replaced with a more perishable sandstone. The highest stage is a fourteenth century addition, the earlier battlements being traceable about eight feet below the existing parapet.
The chapel
The chapel is in two stages, the semi-octagonal eastern end rising above massive spurs. The clerestory has an unbroken range of trefoiled lancet windows. They are rebated for shutters, but there is no groove for glass. In the lower stage a double piscina and a wide sedile occupy the angle south of the altar. On this side of the building a small rectangular projection forms a sacristy, of which the groined vault is covered with a cruciform roof of stone. Below the chapel are two further storeys. The upper is reached by stairs descending from the passage behind the screens. It has a fireplace on the north side. The small room under the sacristy probably formed the living-quarters of the priest, for whom a garderobe was contrived in the south wall of the main room. The lowest storey was reached by a stair in the thickness of the north wall. The northern entrance to the room below the chapel is later.
The north-east tower
The arrangement of this tower differs little from that already described. From the ground floor a narrow passage leads to the outer face of the east curtain. This was designed to give access to the mantlet, and was formed by an alteration of the passage which had led to the wall walk along the eastern curtain. The addition of the hall and the consequent heightening of the curtain has blocked this passage. Here, as in the other towers, access to the wall walk on the remaining sides is obtained from the first floor. The curtain between the two northern towers is pierced by a small postern, closed by a gate and portcullis, and by two embrasures.
The north-west tower
The inner side of this tower is recessed so that on plan it appears heart-shaped instead of circular. In this and the following tower the higher level of the courtyard prevented the provision of a separate entrance to the basement, which must have been reached by a trapdoor. The upper part of this tower is particularly well preserved. Not only can the main battlements be traced, but some of those surrounding the small turret which covers the stairs are still in position.
The south-west tower
This tower is distinguished from the others by the flat saucer vaults with which each stage is covered. At some period, probably in the sixteenth century, the bottom of the circular staircase was blocked so that access to the upper rooms could only be obtained from the wall walk. This corner of the inner ward is occupied by the Tudor kitchen, which will be described in connection with the hall of that period. Above the inner gate the south wall walk passes through a small ruined chamber from which the portcullis was worked.
The gatehouse
The gatehouse is a building of three storeys. The plan is rectangular with two semi-circular towers flanking the entrance, while an elliptical projection on the eastern side commands the defences above the river. The ground floor is occupied by small vaulted chambers lighted by narrow loops through the outer walls. Below the rooms in the two flanking towers are vaulted cellars similarly lighted and approached by stairs opening out of the gate passage. Originally the upper storey was reached by a circular stair leading out of the front room on the west side of the gate, but this was replaced in the early fifteenth century rebuilding by a more convenient staircase in an added turret at the north-west angle.
The principal chambers were on the first floor. The inner side formed the hall lighted by windows with cusped heads looking into the courtyard. Early in the fifteenth-century these were enlarged and traces of the hood-mould surmounting the new rectangular-headed windows can be seen. Originally this hall could only be reached by the inconvenient stairs already mentioned, but later, probably as part of the general remodelling of the gatehouse, a wide external stairway was added leading up from the outer ward and entering the hall by a doorway inserted behind the screens. To the east of the hall lay the vaulted kitchen with a large fireplace and oven. The towers were occupied by two smaller rooms, while a third filled the space to the west of the hall. From the kitchen a door led to the wall walk along the eastern ramparts, while that to the west was reached from a small lobby opening out of the narrow room beyond the hall. Above the hall and stretching over the vault of the kitchen was the solar, reached originally by a small staircase contrived in the inner wall of the hall. The rest of this storey contained three smaller rooms corresponding to those on the floor below. With the exception of the solar all the rooms on the highest storey are covered with flat stone vaults, but the former, like the hall and the smaller chambers on the first floor, had wooden ceilings. From the hall the circular stairs in the added northwest turret led up to the solar and the roof.
The outer curtain
The curtain enclosing the outer ward follows the crest of the earlier rampart, on which it is built with very shallow foundations. There is a smaller gatehouse with two flanking towers through which the northern outworks could be reached. The western curtain between the two gates was reinforced by three semi-circular towers, while a fourth covered the north-eastern angle of the defences. There is evidence that the shallow foundations built on the top of an artificial bank were already giving trouble during the Middle Ages, and that the western and north-eastern towers with a portion of the adjacent curtain had collapsed before 1500. The latter was replaced by a thinner wall built slightly behind the line of the fourteenth-century curtain, but the slight wall closing the gorge was considered sufficient to replace the former. Access to the wall walk was through the gatehouses or by stairs leading up from the west side of the outer ward. The northern gatehouse is too far ruined to allow its internal arrangement to be reconstructed, but like the towers it was of three storeys. Of the latter that on the south-west is the best preserved. Originally this must have had a half-timbered inner wall, but during the fourteenth or fifteenth century this was replaced by a stone wall which projects beyond the inner face of the curtain. The ground floor was entered from the outer ward, but the upper floors could be reached from the wall walk. The presence of a fireplace on the first floor shows that the towers were intended for occupation.
The later domestic buildings
Changes carried out towards the close of the fifteenth century, probably by Sir Rhys ap Tudor, included the provision of more spacious buildings in the outer ward. On the west side a large hall with a high-pitched roof was erected parallel to the inner curtain. Of this only the two gables and the base of the side walls remain. The kitchen to serve this new hall was placed in the south-west angle of the inner ward, a passage being driven through the curtain by the enlargement of one of the original embrasures. The kitchen, a simple rectangular building, has two large fireplaces occupying the whole of each end of the room.
To the same period belong the buildings standing against the east, north and west curtains of the outer ward. The purpose of the first, a large chamber which is very similar in appearance to the late, hall, cannot be determined. The building to the west of the north gate has a large oven built in the thickness of the side wall and was the bakehouse. The remaining structure by the south-west towers has two long narrow rooms, one of which is provided with a fireplace.
The invading Normans took only a few years to conquer England after the Battle of Hastings in 1066. But Wales held out for two-and-a-half centuries.
Kidwelly Castle is a symbol of this enduring conflict. And it was here in 1136 that a warrior princess turned herself into one of Welsh history’s greatest heroines.
Gwenllian was authentic Welsh royalty – sister of the northern prince Owain Gwynedd and wife of Gruffudd ap Rhys, lord of Deheubarth. But she definitely didn’t live the life of a pampered princess.
Under constant threat from the Normans she was forced to hide away in the deep forests, where she raised four sons. Her husband was busy building an army and plotting lightning raids. But he chose the wrong time to head north for help.
In his absence Maurice de Londres, lord of Kidwelly Castle, began to gather forces for a counter-attack. He had to be stopped. So Gwenllian donned her battledress and entered the field herself.
She was ‘like some second Queen of the Amazons’, said the admiring historian Gerald of Wales. Some call her the Welsh Boudicca – the only woman to lead a medieval Welsh army into battle.
But they were no match for the Normans. She was captured and beheaded for treason. It’s said a spring welled up where she died – still known as Maes Gwenllian, or the Field of Gwenllian.
Her death wasn’t in vain. She inspired a popular uprising that swept the Normans out of West Wales. Finally true poetic justice was achieved by her youngest son, Rhys ap Gruffudd, who was just four years old when his mother died.
The Lord Rhys, as he was later known, captured Kidwelly Castle in 1159 and was recognised by King Henry II as the undisputed ruler of the region. But his death in 1197 provoked a power struggle. Just four years later the castle was back in Anglo-Norman hands.
You can pay tribute to brave and beautiful Princess Gwenllian at her monument near the castle gatehouse. You might even spot the headless ghost that’s reputed to stalk the grounds.
Carmarthenshire is a county in the south-west of Wales. The three largest towns are Llanelli, Carmarthen and Ammanford. Carmarthen is the county town and administrative centre. The county is known as the "Garden of Wales" and is also home to the National Botanic Garden of Wales.
Carmarthenshire has been inhabited since prehistoric times. The county town was founded by the Romans, and the region was part of the Kingdom of Deheubarth in the High Middle Ages. After invasion by the Normans in the 12th and 13th centuries it was subjugated, along with other parts of Wales, by Edward I of England. There was further unrest in the early 15th century, when the Welsh rebelled under Owain Glyndŵr, and during the English Civil War.
Carmarthenshire is mainly an agricultural county, apart from the southeastern part which was once heavily industrialised with coal mining, steel-making and tin-plating. In the north of the county, the woollen industry was very important in the 18th century. The economy depends on agriculture, forestry, fishing and tourism. West Wales was identified in 2014 as the worst-performing region in the United Kingdom along with the South Wales Valleys with the decline in its industrial base, and the low profitability of the livestock sector.
Carmarthenshire, as a tourist destination, offers a wide range of outdoor activities. Much of the coast is fairly flat; it includes the Millennium Coastal Park, which extends for ten miles to the west of Llanelli; the National Wetlands Centre; a championship golf course; and the harbours of Burry Port and Pembrey. The sandy beaches at Llansteffan and Pendine are further west. Carmarthenshire has a number of medieval castles, hillforts and standing stones. The Dylan Thomas Boathouse is at Laugharne.
Stone tools found in Coygan Cave, near Laugharne indicate the presence of hominins, probably neanderthals, at least 40,000 years ago, though, as in the rest of the British Isles, continuous habitation by modern humans is not known before the end of the Younger Dryas, around 11,500 years BP. Before the Romans arrived in Britain, the land now forming the county of Carmarthenshire was part of the kingdom of the Demetae who gave their name to the county of Dyfed; it contained one of their chief settlements, Moridunum, now known as Carmarthen. The Romans established two forts in South Wales, one at Caerwent to control the southeast of the country, and one at Carmarthen to control the southwest. The fort at Carmarthen dates from around 75 AD, and there is a Roman amphitheatre nearby, so this probably makes Carmarthen the oldest continually occupied town in Wales.
Carmarthenshire has its early roots in the region formerly known as Ystrad Tywi ("Vale of [the river] Tywi") and part of the Kingdom of Deheubarth during the High Middle Ages, with the court at Dinefwr. After the Normans had subjugated England they tried to subdue Wales. Carmarthenshire was disputed between the Normans and the Welsh lords and many of the castles built around this time, first of wood and then stone, changed hands several times. Following the Conquest of Wales by Edward I, the region was reorganized by the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284 into Carmarthenshire. Edward I made Carmarthen the capital of this new county, establishing his courts of chancery and his exchequer there, and holding the Court of Great Sessions in Wales in the town.
The Normans transformed Carmarthen into an international trading port, the only staple port in Wales. Merchants imported food and French wines and exported wool, pelts, leather, lead and tin. In the late medieval period the county's fortunes varied, as good and bad harvests occurred, increased taxes were levied by England, there were episodes of plague, and recruitment for wars removed the young men. Carmarthen was particularly susceptible to plague as it was brought in by flea-infested rats on board ships from southern France.
In 1405, Owain Glyndŵr captured Carmarthen Castle and several other strongholds in the neighbourhood. However, when his support dwindled, the principal men of the county returned their allegiance to King Henry V. During the English Civil War, Parliamentary forces under Colonel Roland Laugharne besieged and captured Carmarthen Castle but later abandoned the cause, and joined the Royalists. In 1648, Carmarthen Castle was recaptured by the Parliamentarians, and Oliver Cromwell ordered it to be slighted.
The first industrial canal in Wales was built in 1768 to convey coal from the Gwendraeth Valley to the coast, and the following year, the earliest tramroad bridge was on the tramroad built alongside the canal. During the Napoleonic Wars (1799–1815) there was increased demand for coal, iron and agricultural goods, and the county prospered. The landscape changed as much woodland was cleared to make way for more food production, and mills, power stations, mines and factories sprang up between Llanelli and Pembrey. Carmarthenshire was at the centre of the Rebecca Riots around 1840, when local farmers and agricultural workers dressed as women and rebelled against higher taxes and tolls.
On 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, Carmarthenshire joined Cardiganshire and Pembrokeshire in the new county of Dyfed; Carmarthenshire was divided into three districts: Carmarthen, Llanelli and Dinefwr. Twenty-two years later this amalgamation was reversed when, under the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994, the original county boundaries were reinstated.
The county is bounded to the north by Ceredigion, to the east by Powys (historic county Brecknockshire), Neath Port Talbot (historic county Glamorgan) and Swansea (also Glamorgan), to the south by the Bristol Channel and to the west by Pembrokeshire. Much of the county is upland and hilly. The Black Mountain range dominates the east of the county, with the lower foothills of the Cambrian Mountains to the north across the valley of the River Towy. The south coast contains many fishing villages and sandy beaches. The highest point (county top) is the minor summit of Fan Foel, height 781 metres (2,562 ft), which is a subsidiary top of the higher mountain of Fan Brycheiniog, height 802.5 metres (2,633 ft) (the higher summit, as its name suggests, is actually across the border in Brecknockshire/Powys). Carmarthenshire is the largest historic county by area in Wales.
The county is drained by several important rivers which flow southwards into the Bristol Channel, especially the River Towy, and its several tributaries, such as the River Cothi. The Towy is the longest river flowing entirely within Wales. Other rivers include the Loughor (which forms the eastern boundary with Glamorgan), the River Gwendraeth and the River Taf. The River Teifi forms much of the border between Carmarthenshire and Ceredigion, and there are a number of towns in the Teifi Valley which have communities living on either side of the river and hence in different counties. Carmarthenshire has a long coastline which is deeply cut by the estuaries of the Loughor in the east and the Gwendraeth, Tywi and Taf, which enter the sea on the east side of Carmarthen Bay. The coastline includes notable beaches such as Pendine Sands and Cefn Sidan sands, and large areas of foreshore are uncovered at low tide along the Loughor and Towy estuaries.
The principal towns in the county are Ammanford, Burry Port, Carmarthen, Kidwelly, Llanelli, Llandeilo, Newcastle Emlyn, Llandovery, St Clears, and Whitland. The principal industries are agriculture, forestry, fishing and tourism. Although Llanelli is by far the largest town in the county, the county town remains Carmarthen, mainly due to its central location.
Carmarthenshire is predominantly an agricultural county, with only the southeastern area having any significant amount of industry. The best agricultural land is in the broad Tywi Valley, especially its lower reaches. With its fertile land and agricultural produce, Carmarthenshire is known as the "Garden of Wales". The lowest bridge over the river is at Carmarthen, and the Towi Estuary cuts the southwesterly part of the county, including Llansteffan and Laugharne, off from the more urban southeastern region. This area is also bypassed by the main communication routes into Pembrokeshire. A passenger ferry service used to connect Ferryside with Llansteffan until the early part of the twentieth century.
Agriculture and forestry are the main sources of income over most of the county of Carmarthenshire. On improved pastures, dairying is important and in the past, the presence of the railway enabled milk to be transported to the urban areas of England. The creamery at Whitland is now closed but milk processing still takes place at Newcastle Emlyn where mozzarella cheese is made. On upland pastures and marginal land, livestock rearing of cattle and sheep is the main agricultural activity. The estuaries of the Loughor and Towy provide pickings for the cockle industry.
Llanelli, Ammanford and the upper parts of the Gwendraeth Valley are situated on the South Wales Coalfield. The opencast mining activities in this region have now ceased but the old mining settlements with terraced housing remain, often centred on their nonconformist chapels. Kidwelly had a tin-plating industry in the eighteenth century, with Llanelli following not long after, so that by the end of the nineteenth century, Llanelli was the world-centre of the industry. There is little trace of these industrial activities today. Llanelli and Burry Port served at one time for the export of coal, but trade declined, as it did from the ports of Kidwelly and Carmarthen as their estuaries silted up. Country towns in the more agricultural part of the county still hold regular markets where livestock is traded.
In the north of the county, in and around the Teifi Valley, there was a thriving woollen industry in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Here water-power provided the energy to drive the looms and other machinery at the mills. The village of Dre-fach Felindre at one time contained twenty-four mills and was known as the "Huddersfield of Wales". The demand for woollen cloth declined in the twentieth century and so did the industry.
In 2014, West Wales was identified as the worst-performing region in the United Kingdom along with the South Wales Valleys. The gross value added economic indicator showed a figure of £14,763 per head in these regions, as compared with a GVA of £22,986 for Cardiff and the Vale of Glamorgan. The Welsh Assembly Government is aware of this, and helped by government initiatives and local actions, opportunities for farmers to diversify have emerged. These include farm tourism, rural crafts, specialist food shops, farmers' markets and added-value food products.
Carmarthenshire County Council produced a fifteen-year plan that highlighted six projects which it hoped would create five thousand new jobs. The sectors involved would be in the "creative industries, tourism, agri-food, advanced manufacturing, energy and environment, and financial and professional services".
Carmarthenshire became an administrative county with a county council taking over functions from the Quarter Sessions under the Local Government Act 1888. Under the Local Government Act 1972, the administrative county of Carmarthenshire was abolished on 1 April 1974 and the area of Carmarthenshire became three districts within the new county of Dyfed : Carmarthen, Dinefwr and Llanelli. Under the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994, Dyfed was abolished on 1 April 1996 and Carmarthenshire was re-established as a county. The three districts united to form a unitary authority which had the same boundaries as the traditional county of Carmarthenshire. In 2003, the Clynderwen community council area was transferred to the administrative county of Pembrokeshire.
Prior to the Industrial Revolution, Carmarthen and Wrexham were the two most populous towns in Wales. In 1931, the county's population was 171,445 and in 1951, 164,800. At the census in 2011, Carmarthenshire had a population of 183,777. Population levels have thus dipped and then increased again over the course of eighty years. The population density in Carmarthenshire is 0.8 persons per hectare compared to 1.5 per hectare in Wales as a whole.
Carmarthenshire was the most populous of the five historic counties of Wales to remain majority Welsh-speaking throughout the 20th century. According to the 1911 Census, 84.9 per cent of the county's population were Welsh-speaking (compared with 43.5 per cent in all of Wales), with 20.5 per cent of Carmarthenshire's overall population being monolingual Welsh-speakers.
In 1931, 82.3 per cent could speak Welsh and in 1951, 75.2 per cent. By the 2001 census, 50.3 per cent of people living in Carmarthenshire could speak Welsh, with 39 per cent being able to read and write the language as well.
The 2011 census showed a further decline, with 43.9 per cent speaking Welsh, making it a minority language in the county for the first time. However, the 2011 census also showed that 3,000 more people could understand spoken Welsh than in 2001 and that 60% of 5-14-year-olds could speak Welsh (a 5% increase since 2001). A decade later, the 2021 census, showed further decrease, to 39.9% Welsh speakers -- the largest percentage drop in all of Wales.
With its strategic location and history, the county is rich in archaeological remains such as forts, earthworks and standing stones. Carn Goch is one of the most impressive Iron Age forts and stands on a hilltop near Llandeilo. The Bronze Age is represented by chambered cairns and standing stones on Mynydd Llangyndeyrn, near Llangyndeyrn. Castles that can be easily accessed include Carreg Cennen, Dinefwr, Kidwelly, Laugharne, Llansteffan and Newcastle Emlyn Castle. There are the ruinous remains of Talley Abbey, and the coastal village of Laugharne is for ever associated with Dylan Thomas. Stately homes in the county include Aberglasney House and Gardens, Golden Grove and Newton House.
There are plenty of opportunities in the county for hiking, observing wildlife and admiring the scenery. These include Brechfa Forest, the Pembrey Country Park, the Millennium Coastal Park at Llanelli, the WWT Llanelli Wetlands Centre and the Carmel National Nature Reserve. There are large stretches of golden sands and the Wales Coast Path now provides a continuous walking route around the whole of Wales.
The National Botanic Garden of Wales displays plants from Wales and from all around the world, and the Carmarthenshire County Museum, the National Wool Museum, the Parc Howard Museum, the Pendine Museum of Speed and the West Wales Museum of Childhood all provide opportunities to delve into the past. Dylan Thomas Boathouse where the author wrote many of his works can be visited, as can the Roman-worked Dolaucothi Gold Mines.
Activities available in the county include rambling, cycling, fishing, kayaking, canoeing, sailing, horse riding, caving, abseiling and coasteering.[7] Carmarthen Town A.F.C. plays in the Cymru Premier. They won the Welsh Football League Cup in the 1995–96 season, and since then have won the Welsh Cup once and the Welsh League Cup twice. Llanelli Town A.F.C. play in the Welsh Football League Division Two. The club won the Welsh premier league and Loosemores challenge cup in 2008 and won the Welsh Cup in 2011, but after experiencing financial difficulties, were wound up and reformed under the present title in 2013. Scarlets is the regional professional rugby union team that plays in the Pro14, they play their home matches at their ground, Parc y Scarlets. Honours include winning the 2003/04 and 2016/17 Pro12. Llanelli RFC is a semi-professional rugby union team that play in the Welsh Premier Division, also playing home matches at Parc y Scarlets. Among many honours, they have been WRU Challenge Cup winners on fourteen occasions and frequently taken part in the Heineken Cup. West Wales Raiders, based in Llanelli, represent the county in Rugby league.
Some sporting venues utilise disused industrial sites. Ffos Las racecourse was built on the site of an open cast coal mine after mining operations ceased. Opened in 2009, it was the first racecourse built in the United Kingdom for eighty years and has regular race-days. Machynys is a championship golf course opened in 2005 and built as part of the Llanelli Waterside regeneration plan. Pembrey Circuit is a motor racing circuit near Pembrey village, considered the home of Welsh motorsport, providing racing for cars, motorcycles, karts and trucks. It was opened in 1989 on a former airfield, is popular for testing and has hosted many events including the British Touring Car Championship twice. The 2018 Tour of Britain cycling race started at Pembrey on 2 September 2018.
Carmarthenshire is served by the main line railway service operated by Transport for Wales Rail which links London Paddington, Cardiff Central and Swansea to southwest Wales. The main hub is Carmarthen railway station where some services from the east terminate. The line continues westwards with several branches which serve Pembroke Dock, Milford Haven and Fishguard Harbour (for the ferry to Rosslare Europort and connecting trains to Dublin Connolly). The Heart of Wales Line takes a scenic route through mid-Wales and links Llanelli with Craven Arms, from where passengers can travel on the Welsh Marches Line to Shrewsbury.
Two heritage railways, the Gwili Railway and the Teifi Valley Railway, use the track of the Carmarthen and Cardigan Railway that at one time ran from Carmarthen to Newcastle Emlyn, but did not reach Cardigan.
The A40, A48, A484 and A485 converge on Carmarthen. The M4 route that links South Wales with London, terminates at junction 49, the Pont Abraham services, to continue northwest as the dual carriageway A48, and to finish with its junction with the A40 in Carmarthen.
Llanelli is linked to M4 junction 48 by the A4138. The A40 links Carmarthen to Llandeilo, Llandovery and Brecon to the east, and with St Clears, Whitland and Haverfordwest to the west. The A484 links Llanelli with Carmarthen by a coastal route and continues northwards to Cardigan, and via the A486 and A487 to Aberystwyth, and the A485 links Carmarthen to Lampeter.
Bus services run between the main towns within the county and are operated by First Cymru under their "Western Welsh" or "Cymru Clipper" livery. Bus services from Carmarthenshire are also run to Cardiff. A bus service known as "fflecsi Bwcabus" (formerly just "Bwcabus") operates in the north of the county, offering customised transport to rural dwellers.
Carmarthenshire has rich, fertile farmland and a productive coast with estuaries providing a range of foods that motivate many home cooks and chefs.
Ford Puma 1.7 16v (1999-01) Engine 1679cc S4 DOHC 16v 123bhp
Production 133,000 (all models)
Registration Number M 7 FRP (Cherished number, first allocated for Northampton)
FORD (UK) SET
www.flickr.com/photos/45676495@N05/sets/72157623665118181...
The Ford Puma is a sport compact coupé that was produced by Ford Europe from September 1997 to July 2002. and built exclusively at Ford's Niehl plant in Cologne, Germany. The Ford Puma follows common design cues with other Ford cars at the time, and is in the New Edge family of vehicles. All Pumas are front-engined, front-wheel-drive, three-door coupés with four seats and was based on the Mark 4 Ford Fiesta, with new engines (codeveloped with Yamaha), a new body, stiffer suspension, wider track and close-ratio gearbox, among other changes
The Puma was available with four engine options: 1.4-litre (1997-2000) of 90bhp, 1.6-litre (2000-2001) 104 bhp, this 1.7 litre VCT (only used in the Puma) 125bhp and the limited edition Ford Racing Puma with a Tickford tuned 1.7-litre VCT of 153bhp. , the 1.7-litre engines used Nikasil cylinder plating, which required a specific grade of oil (5W30 semisynthetic) to minimise mechanical wear. The 1.7 litre engine covered many miles in its manufacturing process, the cylinder blocks were machined at Fords Valencia (Spain) plant then shipped to Yamaha in Japan for Nikasil coating and completion, before shipment to Ford's Cologne plant where the Puma was assembled
The Puma was only sold in Europe. Production ended in 2001, although sale of stock vehicles continued into 2002.
Thankyou for a massive 55,618,846 views
Shot 17.07.2016 at Shelsey Walsh Classic Nostalgia Meeting, Worcestershire REF 121-495
This is the dessert plating for our cheesecake mousse. It has caramelized apples, caramelized pistachios, dried apple slice, white chocolate decor and a milk chocolate caramel sauce. My chef loved this, but I felt something was missing in the corner so I added the cookies (shown in my other pic). In resturant setting I wouldn't add the cookies though, but I already made them so I said -why not.
Following the destruction of the second Death Star, the traditional, stripped-down look of the Rebel Y-Wing had no place among the ranks of the New Republic. As the X-Wing took over as the fleet's all-purpose craft, Koensayr Manufacturing's latest addition to the Y-Wing line tidied it up with more armor plating, and focused its intended use. The proton-bomb undercarriage has been expanded, and the ion turret has a dedicated gunner, hearkening back to the days of the Clone Wars.
It kills me that I can't participate in FBTB's Evolved Contest, but LDD thankfully satisfied my itch to bring my favorite spacecraft into Episode VII's landscape.
A grilled cheese sandwich I whipped up for lunch. I used some smoked Amish Swiss cheese and a slathering of this dip my wife makes with cream cheese, onions, olives, peppers and cayenne pepper. I grilled both sides of the bread for the extra kick.
A metal plating business in le Vieux Port de Nice.... "Chromalux has been in the business for more than 59 years and has the necessary know-how and equipment to carry out all chrome plating, nickel plating, gilding, polishing, silvering, polishing, lacquering and rhodium plating. We clean and shine all types of materials, silverware of all kinds, copper, aluminum, stainless steel, plastic, metal, etc. We also renovate the chrome parts of your motorcycles, cars, boats, etc. We use all the right methods to ensure that your tarnished and damaged elements are all rediscovered (mechanical, chemical, electrochemical and physical operations)."
Built this water and glass set for a Canon photoshoot... just made a tub of steel plating and mirrors on the bottom to contain just enough water to make shimmer effects.
Photography: Wesley Villarica
Set Design: Raffy Tesoro
Art Direction: Joel Catapang
Styling: Ghia Vicente
Model: Fernanda
A quiet behemoth, the Fox wanders the plains and urban wastes of a destroyed world, endlessly searching for what, we do not know...
Equipment:
-Refined heavy armor plating
-130mm Assault Cannon (not shown here)
-"Firefly" reactor core
Posing in a way to show off the inner-leg plating, invented Sparkytron, to add more bulk, detail and style to a model.